E464 iL1DJ'UJ M1ALI PROJECT Volume 2 WIDHOIOWER FACILITY Prepared for: Richmond, UK - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -] * 4'~~~~~~~~I 41 .4- ~11 1 -tzi -Ole~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I G~ C I'll. Canada .*,-. 4' ~~~~~~~~~~u1;~~~~ *~01 iq.~~ * F-L C~ ~" Transmission ~~ D~~~~Hh ~~System EIS ..._____. mm~~~~A Technical Resettlement Technical Resettlement Appendices and ApedcsAction Plan Community (Aped Development(AP Action Plan (RCDAP) The complete Bujaga.i Project EIA consists of 7 documents BUJAGALI PROJECT HYDROPOWER FACILITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MAIN REPORT Prepared for: AES Nile Power Richmond, UK Prepared by: Approved by: ESG International Inc. (7/'l Guelph, Canada Q Zd1XoQ&) Claudia Schaerer and Approved by: WS Atkins International Epsom, UK Brett Ogilvie in association with Development Consultants International (DCI) Ltd., Kampala, Uganda and African Development and Economic Consultants (ADEC) Ltd., Nairobi, Kenya March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Fucility EIA Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...1......................................... 1.1 Project History ...........................................................1 1.2 Key Project Features ........................................................... 6 1.3 Project Schedule ..........................................................9 1.4 EIA Process .......................................................... 9 2. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS ................... 15 2.1 Government of Uganda .......................................................... 15 2.1.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 .16 2.1.2 The Investment Code No. 1/91 .17 2.1.3 The Electricity Act, 1999 .17 2.1.4 The National Environment Statute No. 4/1995 and its Regulations .20 2.1.5 Water Statute, 1995 and its Regulations .25 2.1.6 The Rivers Act (CAP 347) .26 2.1.7 Land Act, 1998 .26 2.1.8 Town and Country Planning Act (CAP 30) .27 2.1.9 Wildlife Statute, 1996 .28 2.1.10 Fisheries Act .29 2.1.11 The Local Government Act No. 1/1997 .29 2.1.12 Riparian Rights .29 2.2 World Bank Group ....................................................... 30 2.2.1 Policies and Procedures ...................................................... 31 2.2.2 Guidelines ...................................................... 31 2.3 African Development Bank ...................................................... 37 2.4 International Conventions ...................................................... 38 2.5 World Commission on Dams (WCD) .......................................... 39 2.6 Concordance Analysis of EIA Requirements .................................... 40 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS .. 41 3.1 Land Conditions ...................................................... 41 3.1.1 Topography, Geology and Soils ...................................................... 41 3.1.2 Landscape/Aesthetics ...................................................... 42 3.1.3 Hydrology, Drainage and Wetlands ...................................................... 42 3.1.4 Seismicity ...................................................... 49 3.2 Atmospheric Conditions ...................................................... 51 3.2.1 Climate ...................................................... 51 3.2.2 Wind ...................................................... 52 3.2.2 Ambient Noise ...................................................... 52 3.2.3 Air Quality ...................................................... 56 3.3 Biological Conditions ...................................................... 59 3.3.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ...................................................... 59 3.3.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna ...................................................... 65 3.3.3 Protected Areas ...................................................... 86 3.4 Soc i o-Economic Conditions ...................................................... 88 3.4.1 Administrative Boundaries and Local Govemance ............................................. 88 3.4.2 Land-Use and Settlement Pattems ....................................................... 88 3.4.3 Public Health ...................................................... 95 3.4.4 Economic Activities ...................................................... 102 3.4.5 Toun'sm ...................................................... 112 AlES Nile Power i Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Table of Contents 3.4.6 Transportation. .............................................................. 121 3.5 Cultural Property .............................................................. 126 3.5.1 Spiritual Values .............................................................. 127 3.5.2 Archaeological Values .............................................................. 128 4. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................... 131 4.1 Need for New Power in Uganda ...............................1............................... l31 4.2 Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives .................................. 132 4.2.1 Alternative Generation Technologies .............................................................. 132 4.2.2 Alternative Hydropower Development Sites on the Victoria Nile ......... .......... 136 4.2.3 Evaluation of Alternative Hydropower Development Configurations at Bujagali ................................................. .............. 146 4.3 Design Optimisation .............................................................. 160 4.3.1 Dam Volume .............................................................. 161 4.3.2 Quarry Reinstatement .............................................................. 161 4.3.3 Processing of Earthfill Material ............................................ .................. 162 4.4 Description of the Preferred Project .............................................................. 162 4.4.1 General Project Description . .............................................................. ]62 4.4.2 Hydropower Facility Location and Layout ........................................................1 68 4.4.3 Power Station ..............................................................1 ,71 4.4.4 Main and Emergency Spillways ............................................................... 176 4.4.5 Asphalt Concrete Core Rockfill Embankment .................................................. 179 4.4.6 Tailrace and Downstream River Bed .............................................................. 181 4.4.7 Abutments .............................................................. 181 4.4.8 Switchyard .............................................................. 181 4.4.9 Fish Passageway .............................................................. 182 4.4.10 Access Roads .............................................................. 182 4.4.11 Impoundment .............................................................. 183 4.4.12 Security, Fences and Gate Houses .............................................................. 186 4.4.13 Labour Force and Accommodation .............................................................. 187 5. PROJECT CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES ............................................................ 189 5.1 Life Cycle Overview ............................................................ 189 5.2 Hydro Dam Construction ............................................................ 190 5.2.1 General ............................................................ 190 5.2.2 Mobilisation ............................................................. 199 5.2.3 Engineering, Procurement and Transportation .............................. 221 5.2.4 Diversion Works ............................................................ 225 5.2.5 Dam, Power Station and Reservoir Construction .............................................. 230 5.2.6 Bujagali Switchyard/Substation ............................................................ 249 5.2.7 Transmission Lines ............................................................. 250 5.2.8 Site Reinstatement ............................................................ 251 5.2.9 Health and Safety on Site ............................................................ 252 5.2.10 Commissioning and Startup ............................................................ 252 5.3 Operation and M aintenance ............................................................ '56 5.3.1 Spillway and Turbine Operation ............................................................' 56 5.3.2 W ater Treatment Plant ............................................................. :59 5.3.3 Sewage Disposal System ............................................................ '59 5.3.4 Solid Waste Management and Hazardous Materials Management .................... ' 59 5.3.5 Monitoring and Maintenance ............................................................ :'59 AES Nile Power March, 2001 !OOJ 'y'-Ivv !!! tO d)!. S3V LOtb' .''*-..........' ..' ..' ..' ....'..''... slaudLuw )iuouo3a-oIae I 9 L LOb. '.. . . . . . slTaju3g 4tluouudolOAOI pUL aLuWOUOOJ 9'L f ot7.....................................i,QuiS ju;)wd%AZ(j XIlUfULtUIOJ 1-~L. 0017...s1ou -,(iuntutuoD ISL 86£ .................................................................. suoisnlz)uoD PUB, Xeuuw nS L b 'L 6E.................................... XPrnS DSA 91X,L _, ................................................................................................... /C n S s l V g t- 06E ..................................... ......... UW.. -x --- -l N -l- oN v---'-' ''--pl 33SbL 06 t--'-'. ' ' ' ''''-' ''- ''- tne- VII NWIdNON b'bL .--'--''---'--'-------'-''--'-'--'--'----''-'----LpflJ, SUt)I1W SA £VbL. 6L£ ' ' '''' ' ' '''.' '' aSOfSS palepaj stLolThI9dO eLaua £1 £'VL £L£- 1 -' - '- - . ---' '- sase3sTc sflOa,u3lU pue a1qualunuJIuoJ OlI£L L8t ................... ................................ *--*- pniSl u5uniclux ZtlDU g6£L Lb£. .''... ..'''''.'.'. snssjl p uon saa uo slouJD 9 1£'L .L££ ''~11 ''~ ' ''' '' f lW lTan 'p 1UJ UO s3lJfl /-£ L 8L ............................... soss 'p'' ''' pu uoin.so jLmmoq ZF£'L A _ ........................................................................ lu ' s;....S . . J.. I - L LE ......................0 Su0JVUO Ppue01 Puie31 'euLlleuLlu bP)uB UOSZ)J L-L LtVE.................................. UJL'I' PUm sPL'O) SS033V uO SWU9JJ 9Y~L. EiE......................... Sj;A~-j MION UO S13Z)Jjg 9-VL LIE apDodpesaDtduolldo .......... [epl u t'-l vol8 sloijjg ZZ'-L OO0Z ................ .....................-uops duioDll pueq UO;[!apueLAS luotu3of3I Zoo [-L .OO£sudto pul usas aJuelwdsuo Z L . ..SUOTUAUOD PUB Sollui 1BUOwuJDt1UI i7'L 66Z.9NI>ILOINOWI UŽ.V INII3N3YNVWA 'NOIIVHISIANJ3c 1L9VdI!JI *L E -................... -JSP uauultuSU1OD a (lf sCjtV pue uor¶nsu°oj 3A flQd aml'jg 9E 9 96Z .......S - -pA- -- UWB[STtlod uoSooI u_oLInund- Y A- 9 56Z .......----spadxIJopo aued b 9 £6Z ........ suot^Ilnsuod LUOIJ ptAUQ s[nSST Upffljo jsuodsu>A Z£9 ........................................... ............. S ul u iOS outiuld o S 18Z. e* 4 * * @ @ vsa11JAH3V uoiWefflSUOJ aflJ,o sflnsa)J £'9 912. --- -SaiLlAi13V UOL11?lnSUOD BUTUPdwO)3 pti PlSI)I IT 66Z ....................."I,--... ............. uotiel npoil;) I Z 0.Z ..soloposilqa apululnsuo pui Ondo1nlnsuo_ 9 g 696Z .s.u.uia..b.. dnoijulnu A 9llawf Z19 69Z.siuatu3Sinba>i putEnjo IusuJuJaAo9 I 1 69Z... s o3uOD XJodsl)j -VE-9 69Z ..i.AI.. 9.O.. 3uIInSO'lDSIA UsY NOIIVjoI1 tSNOw Jllifd *9 L9.Z .uoj 2UUOiSSiUluuO/awlfisolID Zbj S L9Z T. --- --- u1uolslLuuoDa(T t7 S savaJuojfo ajqvj I'y £P/JIDIJ .isJodoJpf tpw Joij iL1/o'hfn Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Table of Contents 7.6.2 Local Economic Benefits .................................................................. 409 7.7 Summnary of Impact Management, Net Effects and Monitoring Measures ........... 411 8. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ................................................................... 433 8.1 Environmental Management .................................................................. 434 8.2 Relationship of the EAP to Other Project Plans ................................................... 435 8.3 EAP Component Plans .................................................................. 436 8.3.1 AESNP Environmental Manual .................................................................. 436 8.3.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) .................. ........................... 438 8.3.3 Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP) ............... 438 8.4 Construction Contractor's Plan .................................................................. 439 8.4.1 Hydropower Facility Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) ........................... 443 8.4.2 Hydropower Facility Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) ........................ 444 8.4.3 Health and Safety Management Procedures ...................................................... 444 8.4.4 Bujagali Transmission System Environmental Mitigation Plan (UEMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (UMoP) .................................................................. 445 8.5 Implementation of the Environmental Action Plan . ................... ..... 445 8.5.1 AESNP's Commitments and Resourcing .......................................................... 445 8.5.2 BEC's Commitments and Resourcing.............................. ...................... ..... 449 8.5.3 Reporting Lines And Decision-Making .................. 451 8.5.4 Environmental Auditing .................................................................. 452 8.5.5 Change Management .5.......................................................... 453 8.6 Responsibilities and Costs for Environmental Mitigation Measures ..4 54 8.7 Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures . . 4 77 8.8 Institutional Strengthening .......................................................... 183 8.8.1 Uganda Electricity Board (UEB) .......................................................... 184 8.8.2 Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI) ................................................4 84 8.8.3 Directorate of Water Development - Water Resources Assessment Programme ..........................................................4 84 8.8.4 District Health Offices/Vector Control Unit ....................................................... 184 8.8.5 District Environmental Offices .......................................................... 485 8.8.6 Health Units .......................................................... 485 8.8.7 Forest Department .......................................................... 485 8.8.8 Agriculture Department .......................................................... 486 8.8.9 National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) ................................ 486 8.8.10 Uganda Wildlife Authority .......................................................... 186 8.9 Cash flow for mitigation, monitoring and community development . .................. 186 9. RIEFERENCES ........................................................... 489 FIGURES Figure 1.1: Location of the Bujagali Project .3 Figure 1.2: General Project Configuration. 7 Figure 1 .3: Bujagali Project Schedule ......................... ................... 13 Figure 2.1: EIA Process Flowchart for Uganda .... 23 Figure 3.1: Photos of the Bujagali Vicinity .... 43 Figure 3.2: Noise and Air Quality Sample Sites .... 53 AES Nile Power iM Ilarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilizt EIA Table of Contents Figure 3.3: Biophysical Features .................................... 61 Figure 3.4: Location of Fish Transects .................................... 67 Figure 3.5: Historical Photo of the Nile River .................................... 77 Figure 3.6: Socio-Economic Features .................................... 89 Figure 3.7: Location of Rapids Used By White Water Rafters ............................ ........... 115 Figure 3.8: Schematic Diagram of the Road Network Around the Project Sitc ............... 123 Figure 3.9: Indicative Plan Showing Sites of Cultural Significance at the Community Level ...................................................... 129 Figure 4.1: Economic Need for Electricity Provision in Uganda ..................................... 133 Figure 4.2: Potential Hydropower Development Sites on the Victoria Nile .................... 139 Figure 4.3: Potential Hydropower Development Sites Around Bujagali ......................... 149 Figure 4.4: "B13" Alternative Configuration at Dumbbell Island ..................................... 151 Figure 4.5: "B2" Alternative Configuration at Dumbbell Island ..................................... 153 Figure 4.6: Pern anent and Temporary Land Takes ...................................................... 163 Figure 5.1: Organogram of Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC) ......................................... 190 Figure 5.2: Stage 1 Temporary Works ...................................................... 193 Figure 5.3: Timeline of Construction Activities ...................................................... 197 Figure 5.4: Mobilization Map ...................................................... 201 Figure 5.5: Preliminary Layout of Water Handling ...................................................... 205 Figure 5.6: Diesel Fuel Storage ...................................................... 207 Figure 5.7: Access and Haul Road ...................................................... 211 Figure 5.8: Possible Sand Sources ...................................................... 217 Figure 5.9: Typical Concrete Batching Plant ...................................................... 219 Figure 5.10: River Diversion Using Cofferdams ...................................................... 227 Figure 5. 1: Spillway Radial Gates ...................................................... 231 Figure 5.12: Longitudinal Section at Foundation Level ..................................................... 233 Figure 5.13: With AC Core, Typical Sections ...................................................... 237 Figure 5.14: Layout of Typical Asphalt Concrete Plant ..................................................... 239 Figure 5.15: Creter Cranes ...................................................... 243 Figure 5.16: Tower Cranes ...................................................... 245 Figure 5.17: Power Station - Vertical Section Through Unit 3 ......................................... 247 Figure 6.1: Public Consultation and Disclosure in Relation to Major Milestones of the Hydropower Facility Development .................................................... 271 Figure 6.2: Examples (Photos) of Typical Methods of Public Consultation .................... 277 Figure 6.3: Map of Villages Consulted .................................................... 289 Figure 7.1: Range of Situations Encountered by Project-Affected Persons ..................... 309 Figure 7.2: Hydropower "Efficiency" Ratio of Bujagali Compared to Other Large Dams in the World .................................................... 311 Figure 7.3: Numbers and Categorization of Project-Affected Persons and Resettlement & Compensation Packages .................................................... 315 Figure 7.4: Mechanisms by Which Bujagali Project can Affect Fish Resources and Biodiversity .328 AFS Nile Power v March, 2001 Bujagali Project HIvdropoiver Facility EIA Table of Contents Figure 7.5: Baseline Traffic Counts --- ........ ..........3.....................4........................ .. 349 Figure 7.6: Predicted Project Traffic During Consturciton Phas .351 Figure 7.7: Total Predicted and Existing Traffic During Construction 353 Figure 7.8: Location of Existing and Proposed Hydropower Projects on the Victoria Nile. 387 Figure 7.9: Major Benefits and Environmental Costs of Five Hydropower Options and Combinations of Options .391 Figure 8.1: Relationship of BEC's Bujagali Project Plan with ISO Standards and Skanska Policies .436 Figure 8.2 Component Plans of the Environmental Action Plan .437 Figure 8.3: Example Production Phase Preparation (Source: Bujagali EPC Consortium, November 2000) . 441 Figure 8.4: Example Production Phase Control (Source: Bujagali EPC Consortium, November 2000). 442 Figure 8.5: AESNP Implementation Team Structure .47 Figure 8.6: BEC Environrment/Working Environment Department Organisation Chart .450 Figure 8.7: Timeline of Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities .457 TABLES Table 2.1: World Bank Group and IFC Safeguard Policies: An Overview .33 Table 3.1: Selected Ugandan and WBG Water Quality Standards .47 Table 3.2: Water Quality Data For Four Sites On The Upper Victoria Nile, Feb- To November 2000 (Minimum And Maximum Values From 10-30 Samples) .48 Table 3.3: Water Quality Data from Namizi and Wakisi Boreholes .49 Table 3.4: Recommended Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) Values .50 Table 3.5: Average Monthly Rainfall And Evaporation At Entebbe. 51 Table 3.6: Measured Existing Ambient Noise Levels .55 Table 3.7: Airborne Particulate (PM1o) Concentrations in the Project Area 57 Table 3.8: Nitrogen Dioxide And Sulphur Dioxide Concentrations At The Project Site .58 Table 3.9: Weeds in the Agricultural Areas Ajround the Proposed Hydropower Facility .63 Table 3.10: Summary of Timed Species Count (TSC) Data for Birds .64 Table 3.11: Scientific, English And Vemacular Equivalent Names Of Commonly- Encountered Fish Species In Uganda .72 Table 3.12: Ecological Characteristics of Important Fish Species in the Upper Victoria Nile .80 Table 3.13: Health Profile for Jinja District, Mukono District and Uganda, 1993 . 96 Table 3.14: Top 10 Diagnoses 1995 (Excluding HIV/AIDS) - All Reporting Districts - All Ages .96 A ES Vile Power vi March, 26001 Bujagali Project hIydropower Facilit EIA Table of Contents Table 3.15: Outpatient Diagnoses for Jinja District (Excluding Jinja Hospital).97 Table 3.16: Cumulative Reported AIDS Cases by Year in Uganda ................................... 98 Table 3.17: HIV/AIDS OPD Diagnoses, Project area, 1997 . ............................................. 99 Table 3.18: Fish Catch By Water Body 1990-1997 (x I 000 Metric Tonnes) .......... .......... 109 Table 3.19: Relative Importance Of Fish Species In Total Ugandan Catch And River Nile Catch, 1994 .......................................................111 Table 3.20: Summary Data For Fisheries Revenue From The Upper Victoria Nile ......... 112 Table 3.21: Rapids Used by Adrift (U) Ltd for One-Day Rafting Excursions ................. 113 Table 3.22: WWR Customer Numbers Reported by Adrift (U) Ltd ................................. 114 Table 3.23: WWR Customer Numbers Reported by Nile River Explorers ...................... 117 Table 3.24: Existing Road and Traffic Conditions ...................................................... 125 Table 3.25: Existing Vehicle Composition ...................................................... 126 Table 4.1: Summary of Comparative Impacts of Karuma, Kalagala and Bujagali Projects (from WS Atkins, 1999)* .141 Table 4.2: Summary of Comparative Impacts of Alternative Configurations at Bujagali (Adapted from WS Atkins, 1999.) .155 Table 4.3: Comparative Impacts of B 1 and B2 Alternative Schemes at Dumbbell Island ...................................... 157 Table 4.4: Specifications for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility .................................... 169 Table 4.5: West Bank SOP Co-ordinates ...................................... 184 Table 4.6: East Bank SOP Co-ordinates ...................................... 185 Table 5.1: Rock Yield From Main Quarry Area (Near Buloba) At Various Quarry Sizes And Excavation Depths .215 Table 5.2: Suppliers of Materials, Manufacturers, Location of Manufacture, Testing and Inspection .221 Table 5.3: Estimated Return Journeys To Bujagali Hydropower Facility For Major Equipment, Materials And Workers .224 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Project in Chronological Order .282 Table 7.1: Compliance of the Bujagali Hydropower Facility with Government of Uganda Policies and Regulations .300 Table 7.2: Compliance Of The Bujagali Hydropower Facility With World Bank/IFC Operational Policies .302 Table 7.3: Compliance Of The Bujagali Iydropower Facility With International Treaties And Conventions Ratified By Uganda ............................................. 303 Table 7.4: Rate of Rise and Fall of Bujagali Reservoir Levels During Operation ......... 322 Table 7.5: Predicted Minimum and Maximum Flows Downstream of Owen Falls and Bujagali Hydropower Facilities ................................................... 323 Table 7.6: Importance of Potential Changes on Fish Resources in the River Nile ......... 329 Table 7.7: Microhabitat Types And Associated Fish Species In The Upper Victoria Nile, And Predicted Changes After Construction Of The Bujagali Hydropower Facility ...................................................332 Table 7.8: WB/IFC General Guidelines for Minimum Ambient Air Conditions ........... 338 AESANile Power Miiarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Table of Contents Table 7.9: Typical Asphalt Plant Emission Rates Compared to WBG Guidelines for Constructive Materials Plants ....................................................... 340 Table 7.10: Ugandan Standards and World Bank Guidelines for Ambient Air Quality... 341 Table 7.11: Comparison of GHG Emissions from the Bujagali Hydropower Facility and an Equivalent Thermal Generation Plant ................................................ 342 Table 7.12: Predicted Monthly LAeq Construction Noise Levels (General) ................... 346 Table 7.13: Increases in Traffic on Public Highways During Construction Phase of Buj agali Hydropower Facility ....................................................... 355 Table 7.14: Summary of Bujagali Project's Impacts in the Tourism Sector ......... .......... 363 Table 7.15: Economic Implications of Bujagali Project's Tourism Sector Impacts ......... 363 Table 7.16 Criteria Weights According To Different Visions ......................................... 382 Table 7.17: Probability Table for Ranking of the Sites ................................................... 383 Table 7.18: Summary Of Comparative Impacts Of Combined Development Scenarios (WSAI, 2001) ....................................................... 386 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities412 Table 8.1. General Responsibilities for Environmental Mitigation Measures . ...... 455 Table 8.2. General responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures ................ 479 Table 8.3 Cashflows for environmental and social mitigation and monitoring, and community development packages (thousand USD) .487 AES Nile Power Miii Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA 7able of Contents APPENDICES (PROVIDED IN SEPARATE VOLUME) Appendix A. 1: Terms of Reference for Hydro EIA and Scoping Report Appendix A.2: Approval Notice Appendix B: I History of Ripanran Agreements Respecting thc River Nile Appendix B.2: Sample Letter of Project Notification Sent to Countries Bordering the Nile River Appendix B.3: Letter of No Objection from the Government of Egypt Appendix C. 1: Summary FIRRI Reports Appendix C.2: Climatic Data Appendix C.3: Flora and Fauna Survey Data Appendix C.4: Health Services Within the Project Area Appendix C.5: Fisheries Data Appendix C.6: Rail Freight Volume Appendix D. 1: Technical Drawings of Various Components Appendix D.2: Safety Analyses Undertaken for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Appendix D.3: Foundation Methodology Appendix E. 1: Procedures for Drilling and Blasting During Excavation of Foundation Appendix E.2: Quanry Restoration Plan Appendix F: Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan for the Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility Appendix G. 1: Sediment Transport Desk Study Appendix G.2: Cumulative Effects Appendix G.3: Licensed Non-Implemented Projects in Jinja Town Appendix G.4: Greenhouse Gas Study Appendix G.5: Terms of Reference for the Bujagali Dam Safety Panel Appendix H.l: BEC Training Programrne Appendix H.2: Skanska Environmental Policy Appendix H.3: Project Plan Appendix H.4: Our Way of Working Appendix H.5: Waste Management Plan Appendix H.6: SOE/EWE Job Description Appendix H.7: Monthly Site Inspection Form Appendix H.8: Sample Quarterly Environmental Report AES Nile Power ix Mfarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Table of Contents GLOSSARY AC Asphaltic concrete AESNP AES Nile Power AfDB African Development Bank ASTM American Standard for Testing of Materials BEC Bujagali EPC Consortium BDSP Bujagali Dam Safety Panel CDAP Community Development Action Plan CFR Central Forest Reserve CIO Community Informnation Officer CMO Change Management Objectives CPMP Cultural Property Management Plan DAO District Agricultural Officer dBLA,q Energy Equivalent Sound Level in Decibels, A-weighted DCS Distributed Control System DEO District Environmental Officcr DFID Department for International Development (UK) DHO District Health Officer DLB District Land Board DMU Dispensary and Maternity Unit D/s Downstream DWD Directorate of Water Development EFA Environmental Assessment EAP Environmental Action Plan EH&S Environmental, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMoP Enviromnental Monitoring Plan EMP Environmental Mitigation Plan EPC Engineer, Procure, Construct ERA Electricity Regulatory Authority ERP Environmental Review Panel EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (of United Nations) FD Forest Department FIRRI Fisheries Resources Research Institute (formnerly known as Fisheries Research Institute) FSL Full Supply Level GDP Gross Domestic Product GoU Government of Uganda GWh GigaWatt hours AES Nile Power x March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower FaciHit EIA Table of Contents HEP Hydro-Electric Power H&S MP Health and Safety Management Plan HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning IA Impact Assessment IBRD International Bank of Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation JITDA Jinja tourism Development Association LC Local Council (ranging from LCI [village] to LC5 [district]) LFR Local Forest Reserve IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature LAC Limits of Acceptable Change LV Low Voltage LVFO Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation mASL metres above sea level MDE Maximum Design Earthquake MFL Maximum Flood Level MFNP Murchison Falls National Park MoH Ministry of Health MOL Minimum Operating Level MSL Mean Sea Level MRF Minimum Residual Flow MTWA Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities MUIENR Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources MW Megawatt NARO National Agriculture Research Organisation NEMA National Environment Management Authority NGO Non-Governimental Organisation NRE Nile River Explorers Ltd. NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units NWSC National Water and Sewerage Corporation ODs Operational Directives OPD Out-Patient Department OPs Operational Policies OPSD Operational Private Sector Department PAP Project-Affected Person PCDP Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan PM10 Dust with an aerodymanic diameter of less than 10 microns (urm) PoE Panel of Experts PPA Power Purchase Agreement ppb parts ber billion PSCP Pollutant Spill Contigency Plan A ES Nile Power xi Auarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Table of Contents PSOC Private Sector Operation Committee Q Water flow in m3/sec RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCDAP Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan RDC Resident District Commissioner RUWASA Rural Water and Sanitation Project SEO Site Environmental Officer SOP Setting-out Point SR Social Responisibility STD Sexually-transmitted disease TCU True Colour Unit ToRs Terms of Reference TMP Traffic Management Plan TSC Timed Species Count TSS Total Suspended Solids UEB Uganda Electricity Board UEMP UEB Transmission System Environmental Mitigation Plan UEMoP UEB Transmission System Environmental Monitoring Plan gg Microgram 4S Micro Siemens UIA Uganda Investment Authority ULC Ugandan Land Commission UMA Uganda Manufacturers Association UNBS Uganda National Bureau of Standards UŽ4CCI Uganda National Chamber of Commerce and Industry USh Ugandan Shillings UTB Uganda Tourism Board UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority VCU Vector Control Unit WB World Bank WCD World Commission on Dams WMP Waste Management Plan WRAP Water Resources Assessment Programme WWR White water rafting AES NVile Po wer xii 11arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project History The Bujagali project is a proposed 250 MW hydropower facility on the Victoria Nile in the Republic of Uganda. It is located at Dumbbell Island, approximately 8 km downstream (i.e. north) of the Town of Jinja (see Figure 1.1). AES Nile Power (AESNP) is the proponent of this project. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) document has been prepared to comply with the requirements of the World Bank Group, a potential financial lender of the project, specifically World Bank and IFC Operational Policies (OP) 4.01 - Environmental Assessment and the other enviromnental and social Safeguard Policies and guidelines of the World Bank Group. The National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), Uganda's co-ordinating agency for EIA, has already approved the Bujagali hydropower facility in November 1999, based on an Environmental Inpact Statement (EIS)l of the project submitted to it in March 1999 (WS Atkins, 1 999). To evacuate power from the proposed hydropower facility, new transmission lines and improvements to some of Uganda's existing electrical transmission and distribution system will be required. These new lines and system improvements were the subject of a separate EIS submitted to NEMA in December 2000 (ESG International and WS Atkins, 2000) and form part of this EIA being submitted to the World Bank, under separate cover. ' NEMA uses the term "EIS' to refer to the published document summarising an EIA process. For the World Bank Group "EIA" can refer to both the document and the process. Additional details are provided in Chapter 2. 4 ES Nile Power 1 Mkarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter I This page is intentionally blank. A ES Nile Power 2 March, 21I01 f * so .b / Kalagala FallsA . ;s , = } = / r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~BUSoWoko Falls \ i = + \, t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Buyala Falls\ Entebbe ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -ubbl l~n HAl) g P&~~~UT^lBUm0 oAgM>? C _ j_o u-"k) >, X < < b , o > t 5 , r Bu agali Falls~Bujagai Fall Uke,ewe V /. ,,.d^<, ,,; 1 .Owen Falls ' AFRItA1RES % ( 7 K X 9 V , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Exatension IEI amM PojctNae - B UJA G A LI H Y D R O P O W E R Date : M A R C H, 2001poe G 3 F i g u r e1 .1Jinja jff' IAWIA 9_ > ', - \ ' \ | Owen Falls DamFowep Fa T ~~~~~~~~ ~~KAMPALA i T A N Z A AIIO T 50KM n~~~BUJAGALI HYDROWE ate DMARCH, 200 G0503-0 TFigUle 1.1 1_ pN LE, Peparedfor F LOCATION OF THE JiEW PoIAES NILE POWER BUJAGALI PROJECT Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter I Uganda is a small, landlocked country straddling the Equator in East Africa with a population of 20.9 million people (World Bank, 1999). Uganda's location in eastern Africa is shown in the inset of Figure 1.1. With a per capita Gross National Product of US$320 per annum (World Bank, 1999), Uganda is one of the world's poorest countries. In 1986, when President Yoweri Museveni came to power in Uganda, broad political, economic, and social reforms were initiated following a fifteen-year period of political, economic, and social tunnoil in the country. By 1995, President Museveni's reforms had produced dramatic results as inflation decreased from 240% in 1987 to 5.4% in 1995 (World Bank, 1999). Despite the stability and economic gains brought by President Museveni's government, Uganda remains one of the least developed nations in the world. One indicator of Uganda's low degree of development is the lack of electricity in the country. At present, less than 6% of Uganda's population have access to electricity in their homes (this figure is less than 1% for people living in rural areas) and, of those that do, many experience "load-shedding" blackouts on a recurrent, if not daily, basis. Economic growth in Uganda has also been compromised by this inadequate supply of power. Businesses lose circa 90 working days each year due to power cuts and load shedding, hampering Uganda's economic growth by approximately 2%/o per annum (Ugandan Investment Authority, 1999). Present domestic demand for electricity is growing at a rate of 7-8% per annum (Electricite de France, 2000; Mubiru, 1999). The latest load forecasts by EdF (2000) estimate that by 2020, 783 MW of capacity will be required to meet demand. Uganda's primary source of electricity is the 180 MW hydropower station located at Owen Falls, originally commissioned in 1954. A further hydroelectric development, known as the "Owen Falls Extension Project (OFEP)," is also under construction at Jinja. The locations of the original Owen Falls hydropower station and the OFEP, relative to the proposed Bujagali hydropower project, are shown in Figure 1.1. Two 40 MW turbines, the first phase of the OFEP, came on line in June and August 2000, respectively. This additional 80 MW capacity is expected to be consumed by present unmet demand (Acres, 1999; UEB, 2000). Further electrical gencration projects, apart from the Owen Falls Extension Project, are still needed to support Uganda's economic development. In addition, the Government of Uganda (GoU) has identified electricity generation as a priority to assist in its poverty alleviation programme (Turyahikaho, 2000). AES Nile Power 5 lflurch, 2001 Bujagali Project HJvdro0power Facility EIA Chapter I The proposed Bujagali hydropower project is designed to meet Uganda's growing electricity demand in the context of the country's above-noted poverty alleviation and economic development objectives. From the forecasts of EdF (2000), the Bujagali hydropower pi oject will also produce a surplus of energy with respect to domestic dcmand in its early year (i.e. between 2005-2010). This could enable the Uganda Electricity Board (UEB) to contin ie to export power to neighbouring countries when domestic demand is satisfied. AESNP is a special purpose company of the AES Corporation (U.S.A.), in association with Madhvani International of Uganda, that has been incorporated in Uganda to builcd the hydropower project at Dumbbell Island. The hydropower facility will be owned and ope:-ated by AESNP for a period of 30 years; the transmission system component of the project will be constructed by AESNP, but gifted to UEB upon complction. 1.2 Key Project Features The Bujagali hydropower facility will consist of a powcr station housing 4 or 5 X 50 MW Kaplan turbines with an associated 30 m high dam and spillway works. The dam will have an asphalt core, necessitating an on-site asphalt batching plant during construction. The project will reciuire 125 ha of permanent land take (45 ha for the project facilities themselves and 80 ha of n:wly inundated area adjacent to the Victoria Nile River) and 113 ha of temporary land take for the project's ancillary facilities (concrete and asphalt batching plants. roads, cofferdams, s ock quarries and stockpile areas). The darn will impound a reservoir extending back to the taiL-ace area of the Owen Falls and Owen Falls Extension facilities, inundating Bujagali Falls (see inset of Figure 1.1). The reservoir will have "live storage" (the water within it will be fully replaced en ery 12-16 hours by upstream flows) and will be 388 ha in surface area, includin, the existing waters of the Victoria Nile. The reservoir waters will be contained within the steeply incised banks of the Victoria Nile between Dumbbell Island and Owen Falls. Adjacent to the power station will be an electrical switching yard that will transmit electricity to the 132kV and 220kV transmission lines needed for the project. The general configuration of the hydropower facility is shown in Figure 1.2. A ES Aile Power 6 March, 2001 j._-Sw.... ' -E - VWW -''- v . ' -_ NILE RIVER ,.<":~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mte 0 100w ltEd 200 ,t' _ * @j,,9 ; , ?s -- < '; - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Transmisson Lines o ~~~~* { * /"; - C .,. _ = = 0, * __ _ _0 0_ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Inundated Land /r w / gZ -, , \.X; Existing River Area '8 v t r' G ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~when reservoir is filled ob¢' ,/ Source BEC (undated) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~''~~~ Permanent Fence Line - V - Project Na- n I.t. MARCH, 2001 G0503_ I/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ W I £~~~~~~~~~~~~~BJGL MetresR0 __7 Fi00 e 120 po , tp a ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pr.parBed for GENERAL , ^ t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~AES NILE POWER PROJECT LAYOUT Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilith EIA Chtapter 1 1.3 Project Schedule AESNP has been in Uganda since 1994, in response to an invitation from President Museveni to independent power producers around the world to assist in the development of the country's electricity infrastructure. Figure 1.3 shows the milestone events that have occurred from that time forward, and the scheduled targets for events planned in the future, for the Bujagali project. 1.4 EIA Process The contents of this EIA report are designed to meet the World Bank Group's documentation requirements, as set out in OP 4.01 and associated policies and guidelines, following an EIA process that has complied with the World Bank Group's (IDA and IFC's) procedural requirements. AESNP has complied with the EIA documentation requirements of NEMA, the lead environmental review agency in Uganda, with the March 1999 submission of the hydropower facility EIS (WS Atkins, 1999) and the December 2000 submission of the transmission system EIS (ESG International and WS Atkins, 2000). In total, this EIA submission to the World Bank Group is comprised of seven volumes. First, there is an Executive Summary of the entire project. Second, there is a set of three volumes relating to the Bujagali hydropower facility: - the Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA; * the Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility Technical Appendices; and, • the Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP). Finally, there is an additional set of three volumes relating to the Bujagali project's transmission system. These are: * the Bujagali Project Transmission System EIA; * the Bujagali Project Transmission System Technical Appendices; and, * the Bujagali Project's Transmission System Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). AES Nile Power 9 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EJA Chapter 7 A key aspect of the approach undertaken by AESNP for the Bujagali project has been to conduct the EIA according to terms of reference (ToRs) that were reviewed by re-iew agencies, including NEMA and the World Bank Group, and members of the public. An Inception Report for the hydropower facility (WS Atkins, 1998) summarised the early consultations undertaken by AESNP, culminating in the preparation in the final ToRs for the EIA. Those ToRs are reproduced in Appendix A.1. Similarly, a Scoping Report and Tcrms of Reference for the Transmission Line EIS (WS Atkins, 1 998b) was produced in December 1998, following site visits and consultation with national and local stakeholders. These I oRs are reproduced in Appendix A of the Transmission System Technical Appendices. Following the finalisation of the project ToRs, the main EIA study for the hydropcwer facility commenced in July 1998, comprising ecological fieldwork, social surveys and consultations with relevant review agencies and potentially affected people. The EIS was submitted to NEMA in March 1999. NEMA convened a public hearing in August 1999 and gave conditional approval to the project in November 1999, subject to certain terms and conditions. The approval notice given by NEMA is attached in Appendix A.2. This HIA document is responsive to the tenns and conditions of the NEMA approval as well as is&.ues raised by the World Bank Group and other stakeholders since the March 1999 documenta ion was released. Following this introduction, the contents of the Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA are as follows: * Chapter 2 describes the legislative, regulatory, and policy requirements for the project; * Chapter 3 describes the baseline conditions in the area of the hydropower facility from both an environmental and socio-economic perspective; * Chapter 4 establishes the need for the project and provides an alternatives analysis and project description; * Chapter 5 discusses the proposed project construction and operation activities; * Chapter 6 describes the public consultation and disclosure progranmme undertaken for the project; * Chapter 7 provides impact identification, management and monitoring; and, * Chapter 8 details the Environmental Action Plan. A ES,Vile Power 10 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facilitv EIA Chapter I A more detailed breakdown of the contents of each of these chapters can be seen in the Table of Contents in the front of this report. In addition, a volume of Technical Appendices and the Hydropower Facility Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP) form part of this EIA. A ES Nile Power I1 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EMA Chapter I This page is intentionally left blank. AES Nile Power 12 AMarch, 2001 /rE rcpt rd roin theo rU s ReqiI,21ttl tj o Pr Oupo, r rp, t ror nt r> thfml u- tr s ifr- -I cccturo und DoQo blv1iydrop ov oprnTt)rcntn trir- V tor 4 Nol.Mo 1V9I- HE FrsdtMryevuii iilitdleb dLi, tbDl vv th AES unit dd t.ivt,v I bit'l ui tIv'jr _ 'I e h Vd rop ui o e ,r ritabio n oL o i t944 I _ F Memno odun, of JndernctanF 19i t, tWei) (, IJ M nd o it 9 oFi ' A iFS _ f F- opi Iq 0OFordr po 0 o ent:OctCtber tlP 10, _4 U Li Ft . FFi tf . , i l i i cr l i iloltn J 1S - fde S Jfi Fu d f v 1 'r'tl jc D (3, c Tri _ _ I __ 7 o [),'eiopmerlt Aqpr cir -,emeen ( ,riJ ?s Mtirilvdr iltl f AS t10.UI' EL 1 Stfr niq ri oMr rttc ccn,rn,d J1 v 199 O Z Apru iri: [t,r,oP 9L0Il iPl lJl'nAgre enrt iPPA), finalnzouol-oeenAESanI -ur Lii a F- ts I tv Si ard 40 stAoiy tvr thP IojAqa rll oI`F or'1 t vt i 1 ,r' I q98 Z O P r ur nq u o of 0F o eptior Report F Li Studv Por,Lcl fvr B_ _ dg__l_ Pr_le_t J_d_-V 1998 wiarwary 200 W tx 3colS rg Report aFd r-i r, of R,erenice lo! tith TanmissiF s30 n Lr EIS uproul-o d _ nd cIr- C a-ed t, N\IL,NIAnd oth1,r ctjs ohr,ctri DLc -r ber 1998 rntermDraftEIS ,ubnittedtoN-'.Aarristaooroki roiOto coih Ient Mar-h l 1 o S0Submission ofthe f nal T-l ne E S DecemFber z' rA2 -t AES sA sririts It; fioia EIS ,I the hrdirpowof Jorop,monot rf the pro ect to NE`.EA E FitMrh I 1099 AESuhta i slctiers oFl '-Fport f ro riocaFcFom 0 ur tl es Apr 1999 NEMAconvpnes a Pub c -Heafinrgr spect ngthe proc i \UqLI9,0109 NEMAapproooothr FlSofthelpyijopi,o,crfo, 9ty %o,emer 49'A AES seco oresfi n Po orPurc hP A mrl rrmnr t,PPA1 Ip __ rif 10_t .__ _ _r_ 1nr0 qoveOrfnient qTarac teefromr rhe GoUl Deer beir l9119 Fina E A0repo9ts 0c F' InfoShrp tlstOuarler 24U£ w O 1ta0 NEMAapproon fortoanp r-Sirm tro ' es 2nd(O)ti eroO1 , _F 4 Z Poor 4dEBankEoeriaoprovalforf nanc op Buja ipFrlel F 2n011 irtr uO _0 _ L n L ate coonstouction act v t es. 200 Gun etPeal uvis ur 0 ac Ic 20 z 4 oairt comm-ci a o _ fet I o 2UUS t OWE BUJAGALI POWER Prepared for UJAGALI PROJECT SCHEDULE Figure 1.3 FACILITY EIA AE IEPOWE ~MARCH, 2001 G00__06 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 2. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY REQUIREMENTS In Uganda, environmental approvals for the construction and operation of the Bujagali hydropower facility arc primarily under the jurisdiction of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), although there are several other Ugandan statutes and regulations pertinent to the project. This chapter summarises the Ugandan statutory and regulatory requirements pertinent to the Bujagali hydropower facility. As AESNP is seeking financing assistance from international funding institutions for the Bujagali project, this EIA also needs to comply with the environrmental and social rcview requirements of these lenders. Consequently, this chapter section also discusses the applicable guidelines and policies of the World Bank Group and the African Development Bank. 2.1 Government of Uganda Over the recent years, Uganda has developed or revised a number of statutes, regulations and policies for environmental management. This section addresses the Ugandan legislation and policies relevant to environmental management, and particularly to the EIA of the Bujagali hydropower facility. These are: - The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995; * Investment Code (No.1/9 1); * The Electricity Act, 1999; * The National Environment Management Statute, 1995 and its regulations; * The Water Statute, 1995 and its regulations; * The Rivers Act, 347; * The Land Act, 1998; * The Town and Country Planning Act, CAP 30; * The Wildlife Statute, 1996; * The Local Government Act, No.1/1997; and, * The Riparian Agreements respecting the River Nile. Compliance of the Bujagali hydropower facility project with these statutes, regulations and policies is presented in Table 7.1 in Chapter 7. AESNile Power 15 Marchah, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chlapter 2 2.1.1 The Constitution of the Republic of UJganda, 1995 This is the supreme law in Uganda. The Constitution of Uganda provides for, inter llia, matters pertaining to land, natural resources (such as rivers and lakes) and the environn,ent. Objective XXVII of the Constitution declares that the State shall promote sustainible development and public awareness of the need to manage natural resources, and ensure that the utilisation of the natural resources of Uganda shall be managed in such a way as to mieet the needs of present and future generations. It also declares that the State shall promote and implement energy policies that will ensure that people's basic needs and those of environmental preservation are met. Article 39 of the Constitution states that every Ugai:dan has a right to a clean and healthy environment. Under Article 237 (2) of the Constitution, government holds in trust for the people, ard is required to protect, natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves, nati:)nal parks and any land to be reserved for ecological or touristic purposes for the common goo a of all citizens. In this regard, government is required to enact laws to protect and preserve the environment from abuse, pollution and degradation, and to manage the environment for sustainable development. Against these constitutional obligations and authority, governrient has enacted several pieces of legislation that may be applicable to the proposed construction of the Bujagali hydropower facility. Under Article 237 of the Constitution, land is vested in the citizens of Uganda in accordince with the various land tenure systems but can be compulsorily acquired where it is requirecl for public use in accordance with the conditions prescribed under Article 26. A person wl ose land is compulsorily acquired is entitled to fair and adequate compensation prior to the acquisition of the land. Article 240 of the Constitution, provides for the existence of District Land Boards (DLB). the functions of which are to: * hold and allocate land in the district which is not owned by any person or authority; * facilitate the registration of, and transfer of, interests in land; and, * deal with any matters connected with land in the district in accordance with laws made by Parliament. AES Nile Power 16 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 Where the project developer requires a guarantee from government for the purchase of power or a loan, such guarantee requires the approval of Parliament in accordance with the Constitution. The parliament of Uganda did approve the aforesaid guarantee under the Power Purchase Agreement between AES Nile Power and the Uganda Electricity Board, a fully owned government utility, on November 1999. 2.1.2 The Investment Code No.1/91 This is the law that regulates local and foreign investment in Uganda. The law provides for, inter alia, repatriation of funds, protection against expropriation of property, land acquisition and licensing procedures. Any foreign investor seeking to pursue a particular investment in Uganda is required to obtain an Investment Licence from the Uganda Investment Authority. AES Nile Power, being a foreign company, did obtain an Investment License in September 1997, conditional upon the approval of the EIA for the project by NEMA. 2.1.3 The Electricity Act, 1999 The Electricity Act, 1999 is the principle law applicable to the construction and operation of a hydropower dam. The Electricity Act, 1999 replaced the Electricity Act, 1964 (CAP 135). The application of the Electricity Act, 1999 is subject to the Electricity Act (Commencement) Instrument [Statutory Instrument No.42 of 1999], which provides for the coming into force of the Act. Under the Instrument, section 131 of the Electricity Act, 1999, which repeals the Electricity Act, 1964 (CAP 135) is not yet effective. Therefore, the Electricity Act, 1964 (CAP 135) is still applicable to the extent that it is not inconsistent with the Electricity Act, 1999. Further, S.131 preserves Statutory Instruments made under the Electricity Act, 1964 (CAP 135). The discussion below focuses on the application of the Electricity Act, 1999, as the principle applicable law to the Bujagali project. The objective of the Electricity Act, 1999 is to regulate the generation, transmission, distribution, sale, export and import of electrical energy in Uganda. The Act establishes the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA), which is a corporate body responsible for implermenting the aforesaid objectives. The functions of the ERA, as stipulated under S. 11 of the Act include, inter alia: a issuance of generation, transmission, and sale of electricity licences; AES ANiie Powfcir 17 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 * receiving and processing of applications for licenses; * prescribing the conditions and terns of licenses issued; * establishing tariff structures; * approving rates of charges of electricity services provided by transmission and distribution companies; * developing and enforcing performance standards for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; * encouraging the development of uniform industry standards and codes of conduct; * preparing industry reports; and, * gathering information on generation, transmission, and distribution companies. Under S.52 of the Act, every person intending to construct, own or operate a generating station with a capacity over 0.5 megawatts is required to obtain a generation licence. A person intending to obtain a licence is required to notify the ERA of the intended prolect. Such notice should be in the prescnrbed form, and should as far as possible contain the following, as outlined under S.30 (2) of the Act: (a) information on the financial and legal status, and the technical status and indus:rial competence and experience of the applicant; (b) a description of the project and time-plan for the execution of the project; (c) a review of the use of the land for the project and the relation of the project to local authorities; (d) a review of public and pnrvate measures necessary to carry out the project; (e) information relating to approvals required from public authorities; (f) a description of the impact of the project on electricity supply, socio-economics, cult ural heritage, the environment, natural resources, wildlife; and, (g) any other information requested by the ERA. AES Nile Power 18 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 Under S.34 of the Act, an application for a licence is to be submitted to the ERA and contain, inter alia: a descnrption of how the project fits into the existing and planned power supply, the impact of the project on public interests and possible mitigation and the results of assessments and studies (including EIAs). Under S.38 of the Act, the ERA may reject an application for a licence taking into consideration, inter alia: * the energy needs of the country, region or community; * the impact of the operations of the undertaking on the social, cultural and recreational life of the community; and, * the need to protect the environment and the costs of the project. Under S.43 of the Act, the ERA may revoke a licence where it is not satisfied that the licensee is operating in accordance with the terns and condition of the licence. AESNP acquired a generation licence in January 2000. This licence is subject to S.53 of the Act. which provides that, on expiry of a licence for hydropower generation with a generation capacity exceeding 10 megawatts, the plant, including all existing installations, property and rights needed for power generation, shall be transferred to the government without any compensation being paid to the licensee. Under S. 68(9), a licensee whose licence falls under S.53 of the Act, is an authorised undertaker within the meaning of the Land Act, 1998. As will be further elaborated under the discussion on the Land Act, this entitles government to compulsorily acquire land needed for the implementation of the licensee's project. S.71 of the Act provides that compensation for affected people should be determined in accordance with the Land Act, 1998 and the Land Acquisition Act, 1965. Under S.76 (7), the holder of a license for hydropower generation is required to pay to the District local government in which his or her generating station, including any dam or rcscrvoir is situated, a royalty agreed upon by the licensee and the District local government, in consultation with the ERA. In the case of the Bujagali power project, the royalty will be paid to Jinja and Mukono Districts, collectively, as the project is situated in both districts. A,ES ANile Power 19 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 Part VII of the Electricity Act deals with rural electrification. The governmnent is required to promote, support and provide rural electrification programmes through public and private sector participation. The government is required to prepare a sustainable and co-ordiniated Rural Electrification Strategy and Plan for Uganda. The governnent is also required to establish a Rural Electrification Fund to support rural electrification programmes. The monies for the fund are to be from a number of sources including a levy on transmission :ulk purchases of electricity from generation stations. 2.1.4 The National Environment Statute No. 4/1995 and its Regulations The National Environment Statute 1995 provides for the sustainable management of the environment. It established the National Enviromnental Management Authority (NEM IA), which is charged, inter alia, with the responsibility to oversee, co-ordinate, supervise and operationalise the EIA process in Uganda. This is done in liaison with lead agencies. w lich may be a ministry, department, parastatal, local government or public officer in whom any law vests functions of control or management of any segment of the environment. In the case of hydropower projects, the lead agency is the Directorate of Water Development. In satisfaction of its statutory mandate, NEMA has issued various rules and regulations of relevance to hydropower generation for the sustainable management of the environrr ent. These include: the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, No.12/1998; the Public Hearing Regulations, 1999; and the National Environment (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lakeshores) Managenment Regulations, 2000. NEMA has also issued various standards uw ider Part VI of the Statute including the standards for discharge of effluent into water or land and the draft noise standards and the ambient air quality standards. In situations where there are NEMA, WB and IFC guidelines, the most stringent guidelines will be applied to the Buja,gali hydropower project. Under S. 20 of the Statute, every developer of a project listed in the third schedule of the Statute is required to undertake an EIA. Among the projects listed in the schedule are elect]ical infrastructure projects., including electricity generationl stations. The procedure for conducting the EIA, as well as the considerations to be bome in mrinc by the developer, is elaborated in the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations S.I No. 13/1998 and in the Uganda EIA Guidelines (NEMA, 1997). The EIA process is identified as AES Aile Power 20 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 having three major stages - screening, the EIA and decision-making - and is shown graphically in Figure 2.1. The screening process refers to the determination by NEMA as to what level of EIA is required for a particular project. The level of EIA process depends on the scale and possible effects of a project. If a project brief discloses significant impacts on the environment then a detailed EIA must be conducted In undertaking the EL&, the developer is required to consider items listed in the first schedule of the EIA regulations. Following completion of the EIA study, the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) document is submitted to NEMA for the third and final stage of the EIA process, decision-making. The review of the EIA leading to decision-making may last a maximum period of 180 days from the date of submission. This process involves consultation with lead agencies, the directly affected people and the general public. As part of the EIA review process, NEMA may call for a public hearing on the project. The public hearing is non-judicial and is conducted in accordance with the EIA Public Hearing Regulations, 1999. The public hearing should be held in a place that is near, or easily accessible to, the affected people. In the case of the Bujagali hydropower project, NEMA convened the public hearing in Jinja town in August 1999. After the review process, the Executive Director of NEMA can take any of these four decisions: * He may approve the project and issue a Certificate of Approval containing conditions that are legally binding on the developer; * He may require that the project be redesigned using other technology or that an alternative site be chosen, * He may refer back the project or part of it for other issues to be included; or, * He may reject the project. NEMA granted a Certificate of Approval to the Bujagali hydropower project on the 6th of November 1999, subject to various conditions. The Certificate of Approval is in Appendix A.2. AESS Nile Power 21 March, 2001 Bujagafi Project Hydropower Facility EJA Chapter 2 Part VII of the Statute provides for environmental management. S.35 (1) of the Statute provides that no person shall, in relation to a river or lake: (a) use, erect, reconstruct, place, alter, extend, remove or deposit any structure or part o: any structure in, on, under or over the bed; (b) excavate, drill, tunnel, or disturb the bed otherwise; (c) introduce or plant any part of a plant whether alien or indigenous in a lake or river; (d) introduce any animal, micro-organism, whether alien or indigenous in any river or iake, or on, in or under its bed; (e) deposit any substance in a lake or river or in, on or under its bed, if that substance w Duld or is likely to have adverse effects on its environment; (f) divert or block any river from its normal course; or, (g) drain any lake or river. S.35 (2) provides that NEMA may, in consultation with the lead agency, in writing, waive any of the above prohibitions subject to conditions as may be prescribed. NEMA did grant a waiver to AESNP by written letter dated 3 December 1999, in respect of (a) and (b) mentioned above. The National Environment (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lakeshores) Management Regulatvons 2000 provide for, inter alia: * sustainable management of wetlands, river banks and lake shores; • prevention of siltation and pollution; * environmental impact assessment for activities likely to have an adverse impact on tfiese features; * special measures for protection of flora and fauna in these habitats; * enhancement of research activities; and, * awareness campaigns and dissemination of information. The regulations provide that the Rivers specified in the sixth schedule shall have a proteclion zone of one hundred metres from the highest watermark of the river. This protection z )ne constitutes the riverbank and no activity is permitted within this zone without the approva of NEMA. The Nile River from Lake Victoria to Lake Albert is included in the schedule. AES Vile Power 22 March, 2001 DEVELOPER INPUTS/OUTPUTS SUBMISSION OF PROJECT BRIEF TO _ PROJECT BRIEF FORWARDED TO THE AUTHORITY AND TO LEAD AGENCY LEAD AGENCY AUTHORITY AND LEAD AGENCY a ' CONSULTATION ON PROJECT BRIEF 2 _ SCEN1 I SCREEN 2 _eSCREEN 3 1 (ANNEX 2) (ANNEX 3) Whether adequate Whether project Whether project mitigation measures CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL OF EIA o | is exempt from EIA requires mandatory have been Ill L_EIA incorporated 1SCOPINGSTAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ON SCOPE T O.Rs | ; . REVIEW OF AUTHORITY LEAD AGENCY AND TO.Rs STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ON TO.Rs El STUDY AND PBIADSAELECOUTIN COLLECTION OF INFORMATION ( PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS _ _____________ -Z PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS r PREPARE EIS )EIS (_____________________________ - LEAD AGENCY AND PUBLIC COMMENT AND REVIEW Z REVIEW AND COMMENT ' ANY FURTHER STAKEHOLDER AND < ON EIS S LEAD AGENCY COMMENTS EI Z APPROVAL OF EIS O CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL 1 v OF THE EIA _ DECISION ON PROJECT a -> RECORD OF DECISION ACTION_ _BY-DEVELOP Source: Adapted from NEMA (1997) Project Name: __ BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH 2001 G0503_H_07 Figure 2.1 NILE ~~~~~~FACILITYf EIA "POER Prepared for: EIA PROCESS FLOWCHART AES NILE POWER FOR UGANDA Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA CIhapter 2 UJnder the regulations, the Executive Director of NEMA may require that a wetland, river bank or lake shore that has been degraded be allowed to regenerate, or issue a restoration order in accordance with sections 68-72 of the National Environment Statute. 2.1.5 Water Statute, 1995 and its Regulations The Water Statute provides for the use, protection and management of water resources and supply. The Water Resources Regulations, 1998 and the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations, 1998, were established under the Water Statute, 1995. S.5 of the Statute vests all rights to control, investigate, protect and manage water in government and these rights are exercised by the Minister of Water, Lands and Environment and the Director of Water Development. Under S.6 and S. 18 of the Statute, no person is allowed to acquire or have a right to use water or construct or operate any hydraulic works without a water permit granted by the Director of Water Development. A developer is required to lodge an application for a water permnit with the Director of Water Development in accordance with the Water Resources Regulations, 1998. The permit may be granted upon conditions as may be prescribed by the Director. An application for a water permit for hydropower generation constitutes: (a) Application for surface water permit in accordance with the first schedule of the Water Resources Regulations, 1998. The application is for use of water for hydropower generation and construction of a dam. The developer is required to give specifications of the project; and, (b) Application for a permit for extraction of surface water in accordance with schedule four of the Water Resources Regulations, 1998. This is mainly applicable during the construction period. Under S.18 (5) of the Statute, a person who wishes to construct any works for the purpose of impounding, damming, diverting or conveying any surface water is required to acquire a construction permit. It is prohibited under the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations, 1998 to discharge effluent on land or in an aquatic environment contrary to the standards established by NEMA. S. I of the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations defines waste to include any matter or thing whether AES Nile Power 25 March, 2001 Bijagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chiapter 2 whollv or partly solid, liquid or a gaseous state, which if added to water may cause pollution. AESNP may require a waste discharge permit. 2.1.6 The Rivers Act (CAP 347) S.5 of the Rivers Act provides for the requirement of a dredging license by any person intending to undertake dredging of specified rivers, including the Nile. The third schedu e to the Act sets out regulations concerning the restrictions and control of dredging activrties. However, it is not clear whether the requirement for a dredging license is overtaken by the granting of a construction permit issued under the Water Statute, 1995. 2.1.7 Land Act, 1998 The Land Act provides for inter alia, the tenure, ownership and management of land. Urder S.3 of the Land Act, all land in Uganda is vested in the citizens and can be held under tour land tenure systems namely (a) customary; (b) freehold. (c) mailo; and (d) leasehold. S.41 prohibits a non-Citizen from acquiring or holding a mailo or freehold. A non-citizen -an only be granted a lease not exceeding ninety-nine years. S.41 (7) defines a non-citizet to include a corporate body in which the controlling interest lies with non-citizens. AES iP, being a majority-owned Project Company of the AES Corporation, USA, is thus a non-citi.zen and will acquire a leasehold for the period as agreed upon by the government. 5.45 of the Act provides that Government or a local governnent shall hold in trust for the people and protect, natural lakes, rivers, ground water, natural ponds, natural strealns, wetlands, forest reserves, national parks and any other land reserved for ecological alnd touristic purposes for the common good of the citizens of Uganda. S.45 (4) prohibits Government or a local government from leasing out or otherwise alienating any natiiral resource. However, under S.45 (5) government may grant concessions or licenses or permiits in respect of a natural resource. The water permit granted to AESNP is also a permit under S.45 (5). S.74 of the Act provides for land acquisition for public works. It provides that, where it is necessary to execute public works on any land, an authorised undertaker shall enter irto mutual agreement with the occupier or owner of the land and where no agreement is reach,d, the minister responsible for lands may compulsorily acquire the land in accordance v ith Article 26 and 237 of the constitution. An authorised undertaker is defined in the Act to AES Nile Power 26 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chapter 2 mean a person or authority authorised or required by law to execute public works. AESNP, being holder of a generation license. is an authorised undertaker under the Act. The Constitution of Uganda requires prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation where land is compulsorily acquired. Such compensation is assessed in accordance with the valuation principles laid out in S.78 of the Land Act, briefly outlined below: * The value for customary land is the open market value of the unimproved land; * The value of buildings on the land is taken at open market value for urban areas, and depreciated replacement cost for rural areas; * The value of standing crops on the land is detennined in accordance with the district compensation rates established by the respective District Land Board. Annual crops which could be harvested during the period of notice to vacate given to the landowner/ occupier of the land are normally excluded in determining the total compensation; and, * In addition to the total compensation assessed, there is paid a -disturbance allowance of fifteen per cent or, if less than six months' notice to give up vacant possession is given, thirty per cent of the total sum assessed. S.44 provides that any person who owns or occupies land shall manage and utilise the land in accordance with the Forest Act Cap. 246, the Mining Act Cap 248, the National Environment Statute 1995, the Water Statute 1995, the Uganda Wildlife Statute 1996 and any other law. Under S.46 of the Act, it is provided that any use of land shall confonn to the provisions of the law relating to the Town and Country Planning Act (Cap 30). 2.1.8 Town and Country Planning Act (CAP 30) The Town and Country Planning Act (Cap 30) is an Act that consolidates the provisions for the orderly and progressive development of land, towns and other areas whether urban or rural. It establishes a Town and Country Planning Board that has the power to declare an area a Planning Area on the recommendation of a local authority. For each Planning Area a planning committee is established. S.7 of the Act provides that no person is to carry out any development of land without the permission of the planning committee. A ES Nile Popper 27 March, 2007 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 The Town and Country Planning Board declared the Bujagali project site a Planning Area and re-zoned the site from agricultural use to hydropower generation use by statutory instrumejit of 2000. A planning committee for the Bujagali Planning Area will be appointed in due course.. 2.1.9 Wildlife Statute, 1996 The Uganda Wildlife Statute provides for, inter alia, the sustainable management of wilcllife, and establishes the Uganda Wildlife Authority as the body mandated with co-ordina.ion, monitoring and supervision of wildlife management. Wildlife is defined by the Statute to mean any wild plant or wild animal or species natix e to Uganda and includes wild animals that migrate through Uganda. The Statute requires any developer desiring to undertake any project, which may have a significant impact on any wildlife species, to undertake an EIA in accordance with the National Environment Stai ute, 1995. The Uganda Wildlife Authority is also mandated in consultation with NEMA to carry out audits and monitoring of projects likely to affect wildlife. Under Part IV, the Statute provides for creation of wildlife conservation areas iII -wo categories namely, wildlife protected areas and wildlife management areas. Wilcllife protected areas are further sub-divided into national parks and wildlife reserves. Wildlife management areas are sub-divided into wildlife sanctuaries and community wildlife ar.las. The restrictions applying to these categories vary, the main difference being that wildlife management areas envisage diverse unspecified activity within the area whereas wildlife protected areas specify permitted activities that may be carried out in a protected area. Secondly, permission from the Executive Director of the Uganda Wildlife Authority is not necessary for activities in a management area provided they are not destructive to my species. Permission must be obtained for activities in a protected area. The Bujagali hydropower facility site is situated near an animal sanctuary, the Jinja Animr!al Sanctuary, which is a management area under the Statute. Although the project activity is not directly within the sanctuary, assessment of its possible impact on the area was included in the EIA submitted to, and approved by, NEMA in consultation with lead agencies including the Wildlife Authority. The approval of the EIA by NEMA inherently cleared the project as not adversely destructive to any species. AES Nile Power 28 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hyd ropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 2.1.10 Fisheries Act The Fisheries Act makes provision for the control and regulation of fishing and the conservation, purchase, salc, marketing and processing of fish. It was necessarv to carry out a socio-economic impact analysis to detennine the impact of the proposed project on the catches in the project area. This necessarily entailed discussions with the local fishernen. 2.1.11 The Local Government Act No. 1/1997 This Act gives effect to the Govcrnment Policy on de-centralization and devolution of functions, powers and services to Local Governments. Under this Act, District and lower Local Councils are granted the responsibility of managing their natural resources. Some of the de-centralized services and activities for which District Councils are responsible include land administration, physical planning, forests and wetlands. The site of the Bujagali hydropower is in two districts, Jinja and Mukono districts. A chairnan referred to as the Local Council (LC) 5 Chairmnan heads a district. In each district, there is also a representative of the central government referred to as the Resident District Commissioner (RDC). A district is divided into three units namely, the Sub-county or LC 3 level headed by an LC 3 Chairman, the Parish or LC 2 level headed by an LC 2 Chairman, and the village or LC I level headed by the LC 1 Chairman. The project site is made up of 8 villages (8 LC I levels) and thus has 8 LC I Chairmen. These villages are discussed in more detail in section 3.4 of this EIA report. 2.1.12 Riparian Rights The River Nile is a trans-boundary, intemational river that raises complex issues of co- operation and allocation of its waters. The complexity of the Nile arises from the high level of dependence of its riparian states on the river for their social and economic needs vis-a-vis the growing need for development of the river's water resources. Appendix B. 1 analyses the legal regime established under the colonial regime and after independence with respect to riparian rights on the Nile. As noted in Appendix B, Uganda repudiated the colonial-era treaties respecting the River Nile Agreements following independence. No treaties binding all of the Nile riparian states have been developed to replace or augment the colonial-era treaties. Uganda has therefore continued to consult with all basin states on issues of utilisation of the River Nile and AES Vile Power 29 March, 2001 Rujagali Project lydropower Facility FIA Chapter 2 conducted herself within the requirements of customary international law. In this spirit, by a letter of 24 February 2000, the Government of Uganda notified the governments of Esypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzaniia, Burundi and Kenya of the intended construction of the Bujagali hydropower project. Refer to Appelidix B.2 for a sample letter. None of the countries has expressed objections to the project. Ei!ypt formally responded that it did not object to the proposed Bujagali hydropower prolect, provided that Egypt's interests are not adversely affected by the project. Refer to Appenidix B.3 for a copy of the letter received from the Government of Egypt. 2.2 World Bank Group The Bujagali Hydropower Facility EIA has been prepared to address the requirements of -wo members of the World Bank Group (WBG): the International Development Association (IDA) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). World Bank Group environmental and social reviews are guided by a hierarchy of requirements that include: * Environmental and social 'safeguard' policies; * Specific guidelines developed prinmarily by industrial sector; and, * Other guidance and reference documents. These exist within a framework of review, appraisal and decision-making procedures ihat differ somewhat among the different component institutions of the WBG. The policies ' nd procedures of the IDA and IFC are described in Section 2.2. 1. Some of the primary World Bank Group reference documents that were utilised in >Jhe preparation of this EIS were, among others: * Procedure for Environrmental and Social Review of Projects (IFC, 1998); * Guidance for Preparation of a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (IFC, 1998); * Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines (IFC, 1998); * Guidance for Preparation of a Resettlement Plan (World Bank, 1998); * World Bank Operational Manual (World Bank Group); and, * Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (World Bank Group, 1998). AES Nile Power 30 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 2.2.1 Policies and Procedures World Bank operational policies and procedures are codified in the World Bank Operational Manual. In 1987, the World Bank began consolidation of its Operational Manual Statements and Operational Policy Notes into Operational Directives. The Operational Directives included elements of policy, procedure, and guidance. In the 1990s, to differentiate between the elements of policy, procedure and guidance, the World Bank began the process of converting the Operational Directives into a new system that describes Operational Policies, Bank Procedures, and Good Practices, as described below. Up until July 1998, the IDA and IFC both utilised the World Bank's Operational Policies. At that time, the IFC adopted its own Operational Policies (OPs). These IFC OPs were based on those of IBRD, with modifications to respond to the specific needs of IFC's pnrvate sector mandate. IDA continues to utilise those of IBRD. OPs cover matters of importance to the World Bank's core objectives and provide staff direction and guidance in pursuit of those objectives. OPs establish the parameters for the conduct of operations, and also describe the circumstances under which exceptions to policy are admissible and clarify who authorizes such exceptions. Operational Directives (ODs) contain a mixture of policies, procedures, and guidance. The ODs are gradually being replaced by OPs/BPs/GPs, which present policies, procedures, and guidance separately. Table 2.1 provides a listing of the World Bank and IFC Operational Policies and Directives. Table 7.2 in Chapter 7 of this report discusses the applicability of these policies to the Bujagali hydropower facility and the manner in which the project has complied with these policies. 2.2.2 Guidelines The World Bank Group's Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, 1998 ("Handbook") applies to all projects directly financed by members of the World Bank Group, including IDA and IFC. The Handbook does not contain any guidelines specific to the hydropower generation sector. AES Nile Power 31 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydvropower Facility FIA Chiapter 2 IFC also uses a series of Environmental. Health and Safety (EH&S) Guidelines prerared internally by IFC staff. Of relevance to the preparation of this EIA were IFC's Geleral EH&S Guidielines, although no EH&S guidelines exist specifically for the hydropower generation sector. AES Nile Power 32 March, 2001 Baijagali rizifect hlydropower Facility EIA t1iapter 2 Table 2.1: World Bank Group and IFC Safeguard Policies: An Overview Safeguard Policy SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS OP 4.01, * States that all projects proposed for World Bank Group funding require EA review/analysis to ensure that they Environmental are environmentally and socially sound/sustainable. Assessment (EA) . An EA evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of preventing, minimising, mitigating or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts. . EA considers: the natural environment (air, water and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, cultural property); and, trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. . Various instruments are used to performn the EA depending on the complexity oFthe project: an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), an environmental audit, a hazard or risk assessment, and/or an Environmental Action Plan (EAP). . Projects are categorised based on1 environmental significance. Category 'A' projects require a full EIA undertaken by independent EA experts. . Category A projects must prepare a Public Consultation and Disclosure Programme (PCDP) and an Environnmental Action Plan (EAP). Project sponsor must consult project-affected groups and local NGOs at least twice: before FoRs for EA are finalised and once a draft EA report is prepared. . During project implementation, the project sponsor reports on compliance with (a) measures as agreed uponI with IFC including implementation of an EAP; (b) status of mitigative measures; and (c) the findings of monitoring programs. OP 4.04, Natural . Aims to promote and support natural habitat conservation, protection, maintenaince, rehabilitation, and improved I labitats land use . The World Bank Group does not support projects that involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats . Where impact to natural habitats is inevitable, there is an opportunitv to identify an 'offset' as compensation ALS Nile Power 33 Marchi, 2001 Bujagali Project lhydr opower Facility EIA (hapter 2 Table 2.1: World Bank Group and IFC Safeguard Policies: Ai Overview Safeguard Policy SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS OP 4.09, Pest . Stupports the use of biological or environmeental control methods rather than the use of pesticides Management . If pesticides are required, the policy sets forth the criteria for their use OP 4. 10, Indigenotus . Operational Policy 4. 10 is forthcoming; projects must comply with 01) 4.20, Indigenous Peoples in the interim. Peoples (World Bank) . Policy aims to ensure that indigenous people benefit from development projects and are unaffected by potentially adverse effects OD 4.20, Indigenous . If indigenous peoples are affected by project development, project sponsor must develop an Indigenous Peoples Peoples (IFC) Developmenit Plan OP 4.1 1, Cultural . Operational Policy 4.1 1 is forthcoming; projects must comply with OPN I 1.03, C'ultural Propernt in the interim. Property (World . Policy aims to assist in the preservation, protection, and enhlanicemelnt of cultural properties and to avoid their Bank) elimination. If there is any question of cultural property in the area, a brief reconnaissance survey will be undertaken. OPN 11.03, Cultural . "Cultural property" definition includes unique natural environmenital features (canyons, waterfalls) With cultural Property (IFC) vle OP 4.12, Involuntary . Operational Policy 4.12 is forthcoming; projects must comply with OD 4.30, Inti)oluntarv Resettlement in the Resettlement (World interim. Bank) . Aims to avoid or min1imise the involunitary resettlemenit of people required for projects Applied wherever land, housing, or other resources are taken involuntarily from people OD 4.30, Involunitary . Sets out procedures for baseline studies, impact analyscs and mitigation plans for affected people Resettlement (IFC) . Project sponsors must implemenit a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), as specified in the aninex . RAP must address both physical resettlement and economic effects of displacement OP 4.36, Forestry . Aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage economic develonment AES Nile Power 34 Mar ch, 2001 Bujagali i~ecf Hydropowver Facility EIA lapter 2 lTable 2.1: World Bank Group and IFC Safeguard Policies: An Overview Safeguard Policy SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS OP 4.37, Safety of . Dams over 15 m must be reviewed by a panel of three or more independent experts Dams . Must have detailed plans and periodic safety inspections Dams must be designed and constructed by experienced and competent professionals OP 7.50, Projects in . Sets forth required agreements and notifications regarding projects situated on international waterways International . Projects on international waterways must either have agreements or arrangements between the beneficiary state Waterways and other riparians, a positive response (i.e. consent, no objection, support) to the beneficiary state or a confirmationi that the project will not harn their interests. OP 7.60, Projects in . The World Bank Group may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree that, Disputed Areas pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed for country A should go forward without prejudice to (World Bank) the claims of country B . The World Bank Group must be assured that the other claimant to the disputed area does not object to the project, or that the project is not harmful to the other claimant's interests. Statemenit on Forced . IFC will not support projects that used forced or harmful child labour Labour aind Harmful . Forced labour consists of all work or service, not voluntarily perfonned, that is exacted from an individual under Child Labour (IFC) threat of force/ penalty . Harmnful child labour consists of the employment of children that is economically exploitative, or is likely to be hazardous to, or interfere with, the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's lhealth, or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development AES.Nile Power 35 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 2 Table 2.1: World Bank Group and IFC Safeguard Policies: An Overview Safeguard Policy SUMMARY OF PROVISIONS Policy on Disclosure . Sets out IFC policy on disclosure of information, minimum requirements for public consultatiotn and (describes of Infonrationi (IFC) materials which the public has right of access to . Public consultationi required at least two times for Category A projects: during the setting of project terms of reference in the scoping stage and during the review of the draft EA . Project sponsors are required to make project information publicly available at or near the location of project for all Category A and B projects . Summary of Project needs to be disclosed in local language(s) at project site . Once Category A project EAs are complete, thiey are released through the World Bank's Info Slhop and simultaneously in the host-counitry at least 60 days (120 days in the case of IDA) before proposed Board date, closing date, or management approval date. E EA reports must containi details of public consultations made durinig EA preparationi including: location and dates of meetings, description of parties consuilted, overview of issues discussed and resolved, and necessary future action. Main public comments and consultation are included after the EA is released . After negotiationis between IFC and sponsor, the EAP is updated to reflect final understandings between IFC and the sponsor on measures taken to manage, mitigate and monitor environnmental and social issues and re-released publicly. AES Nile Power 36 Marchi, 2001 Bujagali Transmission Svstem EIS Chapter 2 2.3 African Development Bank Within the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Operational Private Sector Department (OPSD) ensures that private sector projects comply with the Bank's applicable environmental and social policies. Their guidance document for this is Environmental Review Procedures for AfTDB's Private Sector Operations. A project sponsor must show compliance with the procedures set out in this document as well as ensure compliance with host country requirements. The first initial step to a proposed project is the approval by the Private Sector Operation Committee (PSOC). The AfDB may accept a proposed project when the project has already passed and complied with the EIA processes of the World Bank Group and the African host country. If these requirements are met, the AfDB can be in a position to approve the project. The AfDB has a number of guidelines in various stages of preparation, several of which may be relevant to the preparation of this EIA and RCDAP, including: - Environmental Policy (AfDB, 1990); - Environmental Assessment Guidelines (AfDB, 1992); - Environmental Sectoral Policy Guidelines for the Industrial Sector (AfDB, 1995): - Guidelines on Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in Development Projects (AfDB, 1995); * Environmental Assessment Guidelines - Fisheries (AfDB, 1997); * Environmental Assessment Guidelines - Forestry and Watershed Management (AfDB, 1997); * Cooperation with Civil Society Organisations: Policy and Guidelines (AfDB, 2000); * Integrated Water Resources Management Policy (AfDB, 2000); * Population Policy (AfDB, 2000); and, * Gender Policy (AfDB, 2001). AES Nile Power 37 March, 2001 Bujagali Transmission Svstent EIS Clhapter 2 2.4 International Conventions Uganda is party to several intemational environmeental conventions, as summarized in lable 2.2. Some of these have relevance to the Bujagali project's hydropower facility. A concordance analysis is included in Chapter 7. Table 2.2: International Environmental Conventions to Which lUganda is a Signatorv International Convention Ratified by Description of the Convention Uganda 1958 Convention on 1966 Took place in Geneva April 29, 1958: To Fishing and Conservation regulate (moderately) the rights to fish the of the Living Resources of high seas worldwide without compromisir g the High Seas the national water boundaries of other countries. 1968 African Convention 1977 "to ensure conservation, utilization and on the Conservation of development of soil, water, flora and faumil Nature and Natural resources in accordance with scientific Resources principles and with due regard to the best interests of the people." Convention on Wetlands of 1988 To stem the progressive encroachment on International Importance and loss of wetlands for today and in the especially as Waterfowl future, recognizing the fundamental Habitat ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value (World Factbook, 1998) 1985 Vienna Convention 1988 This convention was the preliminary step to for the Protection of Ozone further agreements (such as the Montreal Layer Protocol) to reduce the adverse affects of pollutants on the ozone layer. 1987 Montreal Protocol on 1988 An international agreement designed to Substances that Deplete the protect the stratospheric ozone layer. Ozone Layer 1973 Convention on 1991 To ensure a control (either by regulation or International Trade in law enforcement) of the "overexploitation of Endangered Species of certain endangered species by means of a Wild Fauna and Flora system of importiexport permits" (CITES) 1992 International 1992 Took place during the Rio de Janeiro Earth Convention to Combat Summit pertaining to land degradation in Desertification arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climate variations and human activities. AES Nile Power 38 March, 2001 Bujagali Transmission Svstemn EIS Chapter 2 Table 2.2: International Environmental Conventions to Which Uganda is a Signatory International Convention Ratified by Description of the Convention Uganda 1992 Convention on 1993 This convention was an agreement on Biological Diversity developing nation strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. 1992 Convention on 1993 The United Nations Framework Convention Climatic Changes on Climate Change has been the centrepiece of global efforts to combat global warming. It also has been one of the international community's essential tools in its efforts to promote sustainable development. Lusaka Agreement on Co- 1994 Convention on International Trade in operative Enforcement Endangered Species of Wild Fauna, where Operations Directed at the main operations of this agreement are Illegal Trade in World Flora directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and and Fauna Flora. Intergovermmental 1996 It includes a plan of action and participation Authority on Drought and to aid the drought and adverse Desertification enviromnentally affected regions of the participating nations in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, especially in case of emergency situations. 2.5 World Commission on Dams (WCD) In November 2000, the WCD, an independent organisation funded by a variety of sponsors, including the World Bank and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), released its final report, after more than two years of international studies and consultations (WCD, 2000). In its recommendations for how future dams ought to be developed, the WCD tried to balance the positive developmental impacts that dams can have with their potential for undesirable social and environmental effects. The recommendations of the WCD were not intended to have any formal regulatory status, but reflected the feedback received and deliberations of the Commission during its existence and in the preparation of its report. This EIA has attempted to meet the principles of WCD report. AES Nile Power 39 March, 2001 Bujagali Transsmission Svsten EIS Chapter 2 2.6 Concordance Analysis of EIA Requirements In order to ensure that the Bujagali hydropower facility has addressed the requirements ol the Government of Uganda, the World Bank Group and AfDB, an analysis has been undertziken to examine the concordance of policies, procedural issues, and guidelines of the Viree institutions. This is presented in Chapter 7 of this report. AES,Vile Power 40 March, 2001 Bijagali Project Hydropower Faciliq EIA Chapter 3 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3.1 Land Conditions 3.1.1 Topography, Geology and Soils The Lake Victoria basin, in which the Bujagali Hydropower Facility is located, is predominantly lowland interspersed with remnants of upland surface. The region is characterised by a pattern of low but often steep hills, which are generally highest towards the south, closer to Lake Victoria. The general elevation of the land gradually decreases northwards. Altitude ranges from ]J.00 - 1,300 m MSL. Abundant fluvial deposits overlie the broad valleys. Most of Lake Victoria's basin relief is developed on a pre-Cambrian array of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and intrusive igneous rocks (Kendall, 1969). The dominant lithology exposed in the Nile channel at the project site is amphibolitic and doleritic rocks interbanded to varying degrees with foliated metasediments, shales, phyllitic shales, and schists (Knight Piesold, 1998). Soils in the area of the project site are characterised by heavy loamy soils, locally referred to as Nakabango soils, which are rich in nutrients and vary between 15 and 1 00 cm in depth. A variety of clays, ferrisol (i.e., red) and sandy loamy soils are also common in the Nile river valley on well-defined but shallow alluvium beds (JDA, 1997). Gully erosion, caused by human access to the river for washing and collection of drinking water, has been observed at several locations in the project area. Soil erosion is a problem in agricultural areas and is being addressed by an extension service. Intense tropical weathering has taken place leaving a gently undulating landscape into which the River Nile has been incised. As a result the river channel of the Nile often lies along fresh (unweathered) rock interface. The river valley consists of a combination of steep slopes and relatively flat river terraces. The Nile channel from the Owen Falls Dam down to Dumbbell Island is characterised by resistant intrusive igneous rocks that are responsible for the formation of the numerous rapids, water falls and islands. The steep riverbanks of the Victoria Nile within the study area are typically 18 m high., with slopes varying between 200 and 400. A ES Nile Power 41 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 3.1.2 Landscape/Aesthetics Within the project area, the Nile River varies in width from 200 to 600 m and drops approximately 20 m in a series of rapids. Thie rapids flow around groups of rocky isla ,Ids, which have become intensively farmed during the last few years in anticipation of receiv'ing compensation from AESNP. Views of the Victoria Nile in the project area are shown in Figure 3. 1. The piedmont plateau above the river is characterised almost entirely by fanning and intercropping of timber and fruit trees, field and horticultural crops, in small plots and gardens. This has created a landscape of fairly dense vegetation from ground-level ulp to medium height trees with the occasional taller tree rising above. While the lines of view within this landscape type are fairly short, the landscape opens up where there are plantati Mns of field crops such as maize. The landscapes offer longer views towards the Nile, but the River, due to its steep banks, is not easily visible until the valley crest is reached. rhe riverbed, characterised by large boulders with no sand deposits, presents a dramatic contrast to the intensively farned plains above it. The slopes often support a cover of crops and treq s. In terms of scenic quality, the farmland within the project area is attractive but unexceptiolnal. The river, rapids and islands, however, have high scenic quality and interest. Bujagali Falls, which is actually a series of rapids as opposed to a falls, is a second order tourism site (f.rst order sites include National Parks and Game Reserves). 3.1.3 Hydrology, Drainage and Wetlands 3.1.3. 1 Surface Hydrology Water flow at the Bujagali Hydropower Facility will be controlled by discharges from Lke Victoria at the Owen Falls and Owen Falls Extension Project dams, located 8 km upstream of the proposed project. Before the construction of the Owen Falls dam, the outflow from Lake Victoria was regulated naturally at Ripon Falls. Since 1954 (when the Owen Falls dam was completed), water flow from the dams has been constrained to match the natural outflows from the lake using an international Agreed Curve. This curve was based initially on the relationship between the natural outflows of the Victoria Nile River and the levels of Lake Victoria before the construction of Owen Falls dam. Since the issue of long-term flow of 1 he AES Wile Power 42 March, 200) - . 4 - --Mb t r - A * - - r ' -3' ' . ' a . . rl W '-'- Prpae fr _ O H t * ~~~~¶s~ - -.* if-, , I.,#F rf S.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. \- t, e; 4 ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ,. ,_ - ~~~~~~~~ 's>'S; wa @S , _ f ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'I S i ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ,. At" 1 ~ r 8 w-_ > w w _ 7 t , it t ; ~~~~~rotc Names .S,; 1 W~~~~~~~~~~~BJAGALI HDOOE ae AC,20 00.I9Fgr . N IOLWE RFACILIITY EIA seM g @ ~~~~~AES NILE POWER SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE Bujagali Project Hyvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Victoria Nile is of major importance to the planning and operation of the Bujagali Project, projected water levels for Lake Victonra are of prime concern. One hundred (1 00) years of data exists for Lake Victoria. Lake levels rose between 1961 and 1964 outside the range of the Agreed Curve. Since that period, the Agreed Curve has been extended and the hydrology of Lake Victoria basin and the natural outflow at Owen Falls dam have been studied extensively (ACRES, 1991). The average outflows from Lake Victoria during the period 1900-1961 was approximately 660 m3/s, whilst the average flow in the period 1961-1990 was approximately 1200 m3/s. For most of the 1990s the outflow leveled at approximately 1000 m3/s, but in 1997-98, it again rose significantly. During the time of site investigation in 1998. the water level in Lake Victoria was approximately 1134.5 m MSL. According to the Agreed Curve, at this level the discharge from Lake Victoria is approximately 1550 m3/s. All studies, apart from the Acres investigation, have accepted the Agreed Curve as sufficiently accurate and indicate that, although the current lake levels are high in comparison to historical levels, future water levels in Lake Victoria are anticipated to come down to levels that prevailed before 1961. Over the last few years there has been considerable debate regarding the correct relationship to use for the control of water from Lake Victoria into the River Nile. Acres, in particular, has proposed the introduction of an alternative rating curve for Ripon Falls, which lies upstream from Owen Falls. No intemational agreement regarding this issue has been reached to date, although the Institute of Hydrology has concluded that the periods of high flow are not representative of the long-term average flow (Knight Piesold, 1998 and 1998b). AESNP decided to use the more conservative and long-standing Agreed Curve in its design and implementation of the Bujagali Hydropower Facility. 3.1.3.2 Grounduwater Due to the nature of the basement rocks, the aquifers have limited hydrological connectivity and rely on positive recharge from rainfall. The surface soils are reasonably wcll-drained although during heavy rains, the soil becomes saturated and local ponding occurs. Although seasonal rainfall is relatively high, the groundwater levels are generally depressed with water surfaces close to the relatively impermeable bedrock, which is approximately at AES Nile Power 45 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 river level (Knight Piesold, 1998). Higher groundwater levels are encountered locally which is probably related to perched water tables associated with locally well-developed later tic soils, unusually shallow fresh rock or lenses of more clayey residual soils. No groundwater level data for the area were available at the time of the assessment, althol.gh a groundwater level monitoring network is being implemented by the Directorate of Water Development (DWD) under the Water Resources Assessment Programme (WRAP). Sirice May 1998, the groundwater levels have been monitored in six boreholes in the area around Dumbbell Island. The initial readings indicate that the groundwater levels at the hig,er terraces are between ] 0 and 20 m below the surface. Groundwater contributions to the I ile are insignificant due to the small amount of groundwater recharge and the small extent of he aquifer overlying the bedrock. 3.1.3.3 Water Quality Ugandan Water Quality Standards As provided for by the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations 1998, NEMA (with assistan ice from UNDP) recently drafted a set of standards for raw drinking water and effluent quality (NEMA, undated). Table 3.1 outlines limits for important quality parameters for rAw drinking water and effluent. General WBG guidelines for limits of process wastewater for discharge to surface waters are included in Table 3.1 for comparison. AES Nile Power 46 March, 2601 Bujagali Project Hvdropotwer Facility EIA Chapter 3 Table 3.1: Selected Ugandan and WBG Water Quality Standards Parameter Ugandan Ugandan WBG limits for process raw drinking effluent quality wastewater and water quality standard domestic sewage for standard discharge to surface waters Total suspended solids NIL 50 mg/l 50 Turbidity 5 NTU 100 NTU Escherichia coli 0 Not specified Total coliforms 0 5000 counts/l00 ml <400 MIPN/I00 ml pH 6.5-8.5 6.0-8.0 6-9 Nitrate 45.0 mg/I 20 mg/l Nitrite 3.0 mgil 2.0 mg/l Ammonia nitrogen 1.0 mg/I 10 mg/I Total nitrogen Not specified 10 mg/l Total dissolved solids <1000 img/l 1000 mg/I (TDS) Total Ilardness 500 mg/l Not specified (CaCO3) BOD5 Not specified 30 mg/l 50 mg/i NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units BOD5 - Biochemical oxygen demand MPN = Most Probable Number Source: NEMA, undated and World Bank Group, 1998. Present Water Quality Status Consultations with NEMA, the Directorate of Water Development, Makerere University and the Fisherics Resources Research Institute (FIRRI) in Jinja indicated that no routine monitoring or research programmes exist from which baseline water quality data for the Bujagali area may be obtained. DWD's Water Resources Assessment Programme (WRAP) is in the process of designing such a programme, which will be linked to a bespoke database, but this has yet to be implemented. AESNP commissioned FIRRI to carry out quarterly baseline surveys of water quality, aquatic ecology and fisheries in the Upper Victoria Nile. Surveys were carried out at four sites: 6 km upstream. and 1, 24 and 65 km downstream of Dumbbell Island. Summary data are included in Table 3.2 below. Full results are reported in FIRRI (2000a to 2000d). A summary report of the four quarterly FIRRI reports is included in Appendix C. 1. AES Nile Power 47 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hyrdropower Facility EJA C(iIpter 3 Table 3.2: Water Quality Data For Four Sites On The Upper Victoria Nile, Feb- 1 o November 2000 (Minimum And Maximum Values From 10-30 Samples) 6 km 1 km 24 km 65 km Determinand upstream downstream downstream downstreamln Determinand Dumbbell Dumbbell Dunibbell Dumbbell Island Island Island Island Dissolved oxygen (mg/I) 4.1-10.2 4.8-8.8 6.1-10.7 5.4-8.4 Conductivity (Svcm) 94.9-130 95-145 95-125 95.5-129 Temperature (0C) 24.7-26.6 24.7-26.0 24.9-26.7 25.3-26.6 pH 5.7-8.7 6.8-8.6 5.5-8.9 6.2-8.5 Secchi disk transparency (m) 0.6-2.2 1.4-2.3 1.2-2.7 1.2-3.8 SRP (gLg/l) 0-44.6 0-51 7.6-56.6 5.8-68.8 TP (1g/l) 6-161 25-85 60-118 65-240 NO3-N (11g/]) 0-129 38-153 85-178 107-252 NH3N (R9g/I) 0-138 0-178 0-130 0-138 TN (jig/l) 61-834 76-3575 216-3459 226-5154 Chlorophyll a (gg/l) 2-54 8-25 1-24 1-64 SS (mg/l) 0-10 0-3 0-10 0-2 Oil & grease (mg/I) 0.1-3.2 0.2-2.8 0.22-2.6 0.23-2.8 Data presented as range of values from four surveys between February and November 2000 Source: FIRRI (2000a-2000d). pS - microSiermcns Fig = mnicrograms Nitrogen and phosphorus appear to be roughly in balance from the point of view of nutrient limitation of algal growth (assuming a TN:TP ratio of 10:1 indicates a balance, which is a commonly-used indicator). Although the chemical status of the waters at the source of the Nile remained relatively stable between 1961 and 1988, mean chlorophyll a concentration l an index of algal biomass) has increased from 12.5 jtg/l in 1961 to 46.7 gLg/l in 1990-91 (C!iU, 1993). This indicates a tendency towards eutrophication, and is likely to have been caused by increased anthropogenic inputs of nutrients into the lake, with possible import of nutrients in the form of water hyacinlth plants blown across Lake Victoria on the prevailing (southerly/south-easterly) wind. According to OECD (1982), the phosphorus and chloropl'yl1 concentrations outlined above indicate mesotrophic status. Most nutrients had highest concentrations during the rainy seasons (April and November surveys), which would cause nutrient-nrch run-off to flow into the upper Nile. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were always in excess of 5.0 mg/l, indicating good oxygen conditi Mns for fish (Alabaster and Lloyd, 1982) and other aquatic animals. Quality data for borehole water from the east and west banks of the Nile near the project a:-ea have been collected as part of the Rural Water and Sanitation (RUWASA) project. Example AES Nile Power 48 March, 2601 Bujagali Project l Jidropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 data from Namizi (East Bank) and Baizo, Wakisi (West Baink) boreholes are presented in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Water Quality Data from Namizi and Wakisi Boreholes Determinand Namizi Borehole Wakisi Borehole Fe (total) 0.16 0.14 Mn' 0.24 Ca+' 37.93 57.25 Ml +~17.00 34.01 F- 0.85 S04 28.0 0.0 Nitrate-nitrogen 0.0 0.80 Nitrite-nitrogen 0.00 0.006 Orthophosphate 1.10 1.0 Alkalinity 104 376 Conductivity ([tSIcm) 480.0 832.0 Turbidity (NTU) 35.0 2.0 Hardness (as CaCO3) 164.6 282.84 Data collected during RUWASA projCct. supplied by DWD Enitebbe Concentrations in mg'l unless stated. Comparison with the proposed drinking water quality standards in Table 3.1 shows that both boreholes easily achieve the drinking water quality standards for nitrates, nitrites and total hardness, although turbidity of water from the Namizi borehole exceeds the drinking water standard of 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) by sevcn timcs. Despite reports from residents that the groundwater has a metallic taste, the above metal concentrations are less than the World Health Organisation (1993) guidelines for drinking water quality. 3.1.4 Seismicitv The Project area is located in a relatively aseismic region, midway between the eastern and western sections of the African Rift System, which have high levels of seismic activity. The project area is sufficiently distant from the rift zone that ground motions at the dam site arising from typical seismic events will be insignificant (Knight Piesold, 1998). A closer potential seismogenic source follows the regional Ruwenzori fold belt, which extends from the west to east rift systems through the north end of Lake Victoria. This zone, known as the Katonga Break, is the location of moderate levels of seismicity with a surface wave magnitude (M,) of up to M,6 (Knight Piesold, 1998). In 1991, Acres International conducted a seismic hazard analysis for the Owen Falls Extension Project (OFEP). Given the proximity AES Nile Power 49 March, 2001 Buijagali Project lvdropower Facilit EJA Chapter 3 of the OFEP to the proposed Bujagali Hydropower Facility, the earthquake-induced groumd accelerations are likely to be similar at both sites (Knight Piesold, 1998). Acres evaluated the seismic hazard and ground motion design parameters based on deterministic and probabilistic methods. The detenrinistic analysis found a maxim um credible earthquake (MCE) to be an M 7.5 event on the Katonga Break, approximately 50 km south of the site, which will produce a Peak Ground Accelcration (PGA) of 0.2 g and 0.3 g for rock and soil foundations respectively. The probabilistic analysis determined a iow probability of occurrence on the KatQnga Break (PGA of 0.175 g), with a slightly higher figure for the 200 km radius area (PGA of 0.27 g). This PGA determination was based or. an extremely low probability of exceedence (0.0001). Based on its findings, Acres recommended that: * the Bujagali Project be classified as a moderate potential risk development; and, the Project be designed to withstand the Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) levels and Operating Basis Earthquake levels. For feasibility design, and given the moderate hazard rating of the area, pseudostatic methods of analysis have been carried out using the MDE ground motion design values, as giver in Table 3.4. Table 3.4: Recommended Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) Values Condition Design Acceleration (g) Horizontal Vertical Rock Foundation 0.15 0.10 Soil Foundation 0.22 0.15 Non-Critical Slopes 0.18 0.12 Note: Nlaximum Design Earthquake (MDE) is the maximum credible event that the dam and associated structures must survive withoL,: a tailure (defined as loss of life or catastrophic failure in the water retaining capabilities of the dam). However, the dam and it; associated structures may sustain substantial damage that is repairable Source: Knight Piesold. 1998. The above values represent a conservative estimation of the likely ground motions at the site arising from earthquake activity in the region. The Bujagali Dam Safety Panel accepted the seismicity analysis undertaken by Acres and Knight Piesold (Bujagali Dam Safety Panel, 2000). A ES,Nile Power 50 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Faci4i EIA Chapter 3 As recommended by Knight Piesold (1998), further seismic hazard analysis will be undertaken during the final design phase in order to define the MCE event and to determine the applicability of the attenuation relationships assumed above. During the final design, the buildinio contractor employed by AESNP will undertake the following: * Data collection of recorded seismic events; * Assessment of seismic risk levels; * Seismic analysis by probabilistic and deterministic methods; and, * Verification of Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) and Maximum Design Earthquake (MDE) design. 3.2 Atmospheric Conditions 3.2.1 Climate The northern region of Lake Victoria has an equatorial type of climate. Two rainy seasons can be distinguished from March-May and October-November. Most of Uganda receives between 1000 and 1500 mm precipitation (SPIDER International, 1996). The long-term average monthly rainfall and evaporation for Entebbe (located approximately 25 km southwest of Kampala) are given in Table 3.5 below. Table 3.5: Average Monthly Rainfall And Evaporation At Entebbe Month J F M A M J J A S 0 N D Total Rainfall(mm) 1 00 86 141 280 257 98 65 91 87 108 146 126 1585 Evaporation(mm) 148 156 173 170 148 126 129 134 143 163 144 142 1778 Source Crul (1993) Mean daily temperature varies between 22°C in July and 24°C in February. The mean minimum varies from I7°C in April, with mean maximum varying from 26°C in June to 35'C in February. The average relative humidity at 0830 hours ranges from 76% in December to 87% in July. At 14:30 hours, average relative humidity is 53% in January and 68% in May (Bitarakwate et al., 1967). AES Nile Power 51 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Iydropower Facility EA Chapter 3 3.2.2 Wind Wind speed and direction data were obtained from the Department of Meteorology for tileir Jinja Kimaka meteorological station. The data covered the period January 1999 to June 2( 00. Measurements were made four times a day at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00 and 15:00 hours. The n ost recent full year, July 1999 to June 2000, was analysed. Detailed data are includecl in Appendix C.2. The local meteorology is characterised by a very high frequency of southerly wirids. Prevailing southerly winds occur for over 30% of the year. Winds from the west-northwest to the east are very infrequent. Wind speeds between 5 to 7 knots occur most frequently, and between 7 and 9 knots halt as often. Southerly winds in these speed ranges occur for over 20% of the year. This is also the only direction from which higher winds (9+ knots) arise to any significant extent. Given the recorded conditions at Jinja, wind erosion of exposed ground is unlikely to be a significant source of airborne dust. Dust generated by mechanical disturbance of soil rrmost probably would affect an area limited to the north and northwest of the source. 3.2.2 Ambient Noise Sample measurements of the existing noise conditions were conducted near representalive residential areas in the vicinity of the dam works and quarry areas. The summary results of the 10-minute measurements, at locations A to F as shown in Figure 3.2, are given in TaDIc 3.6. The table gives the date and start time of each measurement, the LA9O level (background level exceeded for 90% of the measurement period), the LA] level (that exceeded for 1% of -he period - approximating to the typical highest level) and the LAeq (energy equivalent) lev.el. The final column indicates the primary noise sources contributing to the measured levels, as recorded by field staff during the instrumental measurement. A ES Nile Power 52 March, 2601 S ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 IL~~~~~I ------ ---- - B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C-;*~ Att / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ts' /~~~~~~~ mg'; ~ ~ di~ k~y.. . u.1... '34> Pcu1i l~~ ~ <0 Wakruj./~~,. ~ ~ l,%. "2*/:;..~~ FACILITY >2 *. *.~~ 33' 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~; ~~~~.14k ~~~~~~~~~~~~~PROPOSED BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER FCLT - . .4 / . / *dI.,lr~1 a,,W., 2 ~~~~ ut 1M4l~~~~~~~~$ ~~~~> ~ ~ ~ F,,. W~~~~746c , 4.,19 W. t '3 '3 '31 'Ž9, 1'3, "hag.,j, I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. '3 4 '524 ~ ~9nI .. 13''Wk '3 '3 3114 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,,. . .... N.. . 3,..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. '3 '33 242 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. '3 '3~~~~~~~r '3 / K RUJAGALI FALLS '35y l,t/,n91. '3' 15Io3 '3 ~~~~~~~~~~~ '3/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ '3 3'23 1' '3 153da,339 4.iY 0 10 ~~~ >933 7~~~~7 ya. '3 3 4,-A"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z- t\ '3 PM 1.3 3 .~~~~~~~~Kb '3 '3(2'3*'3 ) .{'3~ -N.m 1141.5 ...j,,,~ ~ .... 237"' ~ '3 '32<2- 1~ .4 di It '3 '3<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 (l/.d,% 7233~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5~4 131 ~ ~ ... . . l ŽKIAA ia93 1-327 ~ ~ * -ETRLFOETREEV 193 '3 '3 lee~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '3 ~~~~~~ '3 ~~~~~~~ 9 ~~~~~ / Sce9j .1.17w3 /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, Note: Boundaiso h Cenra Foret50servsMaeAproxmat .9 9 Veeaion '33 yAesJnj22mlSntar -ePrs Dpr.rt(99) SAhs(9b~GU(93 --c-u * Lan BidSuvy ra '3 '3 ~~~~~~Pj-'3 '3es Rsere Poot-Nr- Wate Bir32rvy Aea BJAGLIHYROP WE DteMARH,201.G50..50:ig re3- Dam FACILITY EIA~~~~~~~~~~~~~.3em Dies etrsSre ie SCAL 1:000 reae fr B O HY I A 33 ., 1254, 1~~~~0 00 100 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 planted for building poles and firewood in Naminya, Malindi and Namizi. The weeds in agricultural areas (some of which are used for medicinal purposes) include woody and non- woody plants as shown in Table 3.9. Table 3.9: Weeds in the Agricultural Areas Around the Proposed Hydropower Facility Woody (trees and shrubs) Cassiafloribunda Ficuts glumosa F exasperata F. natalensis Grew ia trichocarpa IAarkhamia lutea Mimosa pigra Vernonia amydagalena Non-woody (herbs) Commelina henghalensis C. africana Bidens pilosa Panicum maximum Source: WS Atkins, 1999 3.3.1.2 Fauna Birds have often been used as an indicator group to represent fauna, as they are easy to see and identify (ICBP, 1992). Since species vary enornously in their habits and requirements, the presence of particular species can be used to categorise the habitat. This approach was used in the ecological assessment of the Bujagali project site. There are no previous studies of birds for this particular area, but the habitat found within the project area is broadly similar to most of the lakeshore zone of southern Uganda, which is extremely well-known ornithologically (Carswell. 1986). Birds were studied at three sites within the project area on July 30th and Aug. 7th _ gth 1998 by WS Atkins (Refer to Figure 3.3). Two of these sites will be lost to construction, one on each side of the river at the embankment site, referred to as Embankment East and Embankment West. The third site was on the east bank near Bujagali Falls. All of these areas are essentially agricultural, with smallholdings predominating. Trees are common in most of the area with many of them being planted. Ficus and Markhaniia lutea are commonly planted species (Anderson, 1994). At the Bujagali site there are several hectares without trees. These AES.Vile Power 63 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilint EIA Chapter 3 lands are grassy and heavily grazed. The northern part of the Embankment East site als D has several hectares without trees as the land is farmed. Such habitats are widespread in this part of Uganda. A simple Jack-knife method (Krebs, 1989) allowed an estimate to be made of the total numbers of species recorded at a site, based on an infinite number of counts. For the three sites separately, this estimate was about 63 species, whilst combining the data for all three resulted in an estimate of about 92 (Table 3.10). Table 3.10: Summary of Timed Species Count (TSC) Data for Birds Embankment Embankment Bujagali Overall West East Mean number of 24.4 22.8 23.8 23.7 species per hour Jack-knife estimate of 65 63 63 92 total species Source: WS Atkins, 1999 The full results of the bird survey are given in Appendix C.3. In summary, a total of 77 species were recorded, as compared to a figure of about 550 for the Kampala area includling waterbirds and migrants (Carswell, 1986). During the field survey there were few migrants since most arrive later in the year. For comparison, the current list for the whole of Ugan(da is about 1010 species (Carswell, 1986). Results for the three sites were generally similar, with the same few species being most common in all of them. The sites were also similar in the numbers of species recorded per hour, with the figure of around 23 being fairly typical for moist agricultural areas (in the most species-rich habitats, scores may reach 50). None of the species recorded are globally endangered or threatened. However, four of the species recorded are listed as sensitive in East Africa (Bennun et al., in press). The Brown Snake Eagle (Circaetus cinereus) is considered to be NVear-Threatened, due to habitat l.ss. The African Marsh Harrier (Circus Ranivoris) is ranked as Vulnerable. The Grey-capped Warbler (Eminia lepida) and Red-chested Sunbird (NTectarinia ervthroceria) are listed as Regionally Restr-icted, because they are largely confined to East Africa, where however they are common. AESANile Power 64 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 The lands lost to development of the Bujagali dam are not considered significant habitat for any of the above bird species, since it represents an extremely small fraction of an extensive agricultural landscape. Although not specifically surveyed, other animals were reported by local people as being within the project area and included: the Red-tailed Monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius); the Mole-rat (Tachyorvcles nrddi); and the Monitor lizard (Veranus niloticus). None of these species have been listed as sensitive in East Africa. Faunal observations were also augmented through conversations with a number of local farmers who commented that the Red-tailed Monkey and the Mole-rat are pests, the latter being especially troublesome in root crops. Spot-necked Otters, (Lutra n7aculicollis) were reported by local people as being quite common in the river, although none were seen during the field visits. This species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN's Threatened Species Red List (2000). In many parts of Uganda, the bushpig (Potamochoerus porcus) is also a problem, but the destruction of much of the forest in the project area and vicinity has led to the disappearance of bushpigs. Hippopotami, (H. amphibious) and crocodile (Crocodvius niloticus) have also disappeared in the last 10-20 years, the latter due to shooting by local residents (WS Atkins, 1999). Monitor lizards remain common. some exceeding a metre in length. There are likely a number of species of bats in the project area, but the Straw-coloured Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum) is conspicuous, and roosts in thousands on one of the Bujagali islands (WS Atkins, 1999). The proposed project is not anticipated to have an impact on these bats. Among the invertebrates, terrnites (Macrotermes bellicosus) are responsible for the conspicuous mounds that are common in the area. The 'health' of an environment is sometimes reflected by its insect life, and in this area, many species of butterflies are common. 3.3.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna Data on phytoplankton, macrophytes and invertebrates in the River Nile near the project site were collected in four quarterly surveys carried during 2000 (FIRRI 2000a to 2000d). These surveys examined four sites, one upstream of Dumbbell Island, and three downstream. Refer to Figure 3.4 for location of the survey sites. AES.Nile Power 65 March, 2007 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitp EIA Chapter 3 3.3.2.1 Aquatic Flora Phytuplankton The Cyanophyceae (blue-green a]gae/cyanobacteria) were the dominant and most diverse class in all quarters at all transects. The key indicative species were Microcvstis, Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis and Planktolvngbyu. The degree of Cyanophyte dominance iin the investigated area ranged from 49 to 78% of cell counts with the highest c.ounts veing registered during the wet seasons (second and fourth quarters). Chlorophyceae (green-2 Igac) were the next most dominant class accounting for 12 to 27% of counts in the four qua ters, represented mainly by Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus. The Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) were less common, with Nitzchia the most abundant genus in the class. Other much less abundant groups occurring in the transects were the Cryptophyta, Peridi neac and Euglenophyta. The significance of phytoplankton to the fisheries is in terms of food for zooplankton and juvenile fishes. Most juvenile tilapia stomachs contained the more com mon phytoplankton (Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceac, Bacillariophyceae). In Lake Victoria at least, the dominance of blue-green algae is indicative of eutrophic conditions due to nutrient inputs (Hecky & Bugenyi, 1989). Unlike Lake Victoria, .Llgal biomass is not light-limited, as indicated by secchi disk transparency. However, the seasonally varying nutrient levels do clearly point to increased agricultural run-off durinj: the wet season, which appear to influence phytoplankton biomass as indicated by chlorophyll concentration. Macrophytes Eighty-two aquatic macrophyte species (70% of them obligate aquatic macrophvtes, i.e. euhydrophytes) were identified within the study area. In general, the macrophytes coulk be separated out into four major categories. These were (in descending order of importance by area covered): 1. emergent species (e.g. papyrus, reeds); 2. floating and related forms (water hyacinth, Nile cabbage); 3. semi-terrestrial species (the paper mulberry tree, Broussenetia papyrifera, shrubs - Alcoi-nia and herbaceous species - Melanthera, Ipoinoea, Comniellina); and, 4. submerged species (Ceralophyllumn, Vallisenaria, Polamogeton and Najas). AES Nile Power 66 Mlarch, 2001 L A< E KY 0 GA A o 0 5 e IS 20 25 km I~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ D I \ 15X 10 ~~ ~~~~A NamosaOqOIIc O' \0TRANSECT 4 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 .A& ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~BJGL HYRPOE Dae AC,201 G53H62 Fgr . KIrindi Matumu TRANSECT 3 TRANSECT 2 Suyaol Kikuhomi?w 30' PROPOSED HYDROPOWER FACILITY- ,uaga, 9l Kaiange TRANSECT 1 Owen Falls JiNJALA K E Dam ICTORIA 330 Source: FIRRI (2000 a) Project Name:DaeMAC,20 G00H62 Fgr34 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Dt:MRH 01 G53H6 iUea FACILIY EIAAQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA Prepared for: SURVEY SITES USED IN AES NILE POWER FIRRI SURVEYS Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EJA Chapter 3 Phytoplankton species diversity tended to increase with distance downstream. The relatively higher impact of human activities (cultivation and grazing along river banks and on islands) appeared to have a negative effect on macrophyte development. In general, seasonal effects over the four quarters were reflected in the changing cover type ratings. However, in all the quarters, the two upstream transects were dominated by hippo grass and water hyacinth, which together accounted for about 60% of the vegetation along the riverbanks. Terrestrial plant species (e.g. the trees, shrubs, crops, climbers) were also present along the riverbank. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), regardless of its apparent reduction and control by weevil introduction, remains a significant concern in the Victoria Nile. Although E. crassipes had an average cover rating of "Abundant", at the three upstream sites, the FIRRI team reported a general decline in the height and vigour of individual plants due to infestation of the weevil. The weed appeared healthy and free of weevil damage in the furthest downstream (Namasagali/Bunyamira) transect. 3.3.2.1 Aquatic Fauna Micro-invertebrates (zooplankton) The four quarterly surveys of the Upper Victoria Nile revealed that three taxonomic groups (Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera) dominate the zooplankton. By pooling the broad range of sites sampled in each transect, results indicated that total zooplankton densities decreased downstream. Copepods such as the cyclopoid Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops, followed by rotifers (e.g. Asplanchna., Brachionus and Euclanis) registered the highest area densities (100 individuals/inM). It would have been expected that on the basis of a fast current, upstream sites would support lower zooplankton densities and diversity. However, similar to density, the highest diversity (12-17 zooplankton taxa) was recorded in the upstream transects 1 and 2. The observed distribution-density patterns probably reflected habitat structure of the sampled locations, especially those associated with sheltered habitats in embayments, and a diverse vegetation fringe. Such habitat diversity associated with topographical features of the riverbanks was higher than that observed in the downstream transect (Transect 4), even though the flow here may have been more uniform. AES Nile Power 69 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Cyclopoid copepods and rotifers were consistently the most diverse groups throughouLt the study. The zooplankton species composition observed during the survey is subject to sea&onal changes as has been evident in samples from the four surveys. Low species composition observed during the first quarter survey contrasted markedly with high diversity durin.; the third quarter. In the latter phase, large-bodied organisms such as Mresocyclops spp. and D)aphnia lumholtzi occurred, which were not encountered at other times. In addition, a seasonal regime of abundance is also evident; with high densities of organisms during the first and second quarters when species diversity was relatively low compared to the thircl and fourth quarter. Macro-Invertebrates Macro-invertebrates are a vital component in food webs of aquatic ecosystems. As elerrwents of the detritus food chain, they break down dead organic matter into inorganic forms the -eby reducing the rate of accumulation of materials at the bottom. They are a major link betvveen primary producers and consumers. Macro-invertebrates also serve as food for fish. The hi.her the abundance and diversity of macro-invertebrates, the wider the niche width for fish and the less the inter- and intra-specific competition for food resources. In Lake Victoria at l,.ast, Corbet (1961) observed that all fish in the lake basin, including rivers, feed on invertebrates at some stage in their life cycles. As a result, the fisheries are dependent on the abund&nce and diversity of the macro-invertebrates as they comprise a major food source for fish. There were no clear trends in invertebrate diversity and abundance from upstreanl to downstream. nor apparent seasonal pattern. Consequently, the changes in species diversity and abundance may largely have been due to life cycle processes as opposed to exte:nal conditions. This dominance of benthic macro-invertebrates in the Upper Victoria Nile is similar to that of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga. The introduction of the Nile perch resulted in the decimation of molluscivorous fish, which allowed molluscs to flourish. The orders: Diptera (flies), Trichoptera (caddis flies), Gastropoda (snails) and Bivalvia (bivalve molluscs) had the highest number of genera represented throughout the four sampling periods. However, tlieir abundance and diversity were not seasonally or spatially related. The molluscs were the most diverse group of macro-invertebrates and consisted of 10 and 8 genera during quarters 3 and 4 respectively. .4ES A;ile Power 70 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facili&t EIA Chapter 3 Several species were abundant throughout all four surveys. Bellamya sp. (Gastropoda) recorded the greatest species density (3,233 individuals/m2) and consistently recorded the highest density for all the four surveys. Other abundant species included the mayfly Ephemeralla and the bivalves Corbicula sp. and Caelatura sp. Among the Diptera the key taxa were the midge Chironomus and Povilla. Fisheries The fisheries information provided in this report was collected initially (in 1998) through review of existing literature and interviews with fisheries administrators including NEMA staff, the Deputy Commissioner for Fishenies, Senior Fisheries Department Staff and research scientists at the Fisheries Research Institute (FIRI: now known as the Fisheries Resources Research Institute or FIRRI). Fact-finding visits were also made to landing sites at the proposed hydropower facility site, Kamuli, Kyankole and Bukungu (fish landings where the Victoria Nile joins Lake Kyoga) and in the area above Owen Falls dam at the source of the Nile. In accordance with the recommendations of the EIS accepted by NEMA in November 1999 (WS Atkins, 1999), AESNP commissioned FIRRI to carry out a series of surveys of fish stocks and commercial fishing activities on the upper section of the Victoria Nile. These were carried out during 2000, on a three-monthly basis at four sites: 6 km upstream and 1, 24 and 65 km downstream of Dumbbell Island (refer to Figure 3.4) Data from the ecological aspects of the fisheries surveys are reported and discussed herewith. Data on the 'socio- economic' aspects of the fishery are reported separately in Section 3.4.4.4. The EIS has also been updated using data that has been published in other sources between 1999 and 2001. Historical And Present Status Of Ugandan Fish Populations Scientific, English equivalent and Vernacular equivalent names for commonly-encountered fish species in Uganda are given in Table 3.11. AES Nile Power 71 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Fadilit EMA Chapter 3 Table 3.11: Scientific, English And Vernacular Equivalent Names Of Commonly- Encountered Fish Species In Uganda. Scientific name English equivalent(s) Vernacular equivalent(s) Lates niloticus Nile perch Mputa. sangara Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia Ngege Oreochromis leucostictus Tilapia Ngege ilapia zllii Tilapia, redbelly tilapia Kajansi Bagrus doemac Catfish Semutundu Clarias gariepinus Mudfish. sharp-toothed catfish, Male North African catfish Schilbe intermedius Silver catfish, makriel, butter catfish, Nzere silver barbell Prolopterus aethiopicus Lungfish Mamba Rastrineobola argentea Minnow Mukene/Omena'Dagaa Haplochrornines Cichlids Nkejje/Mlbipi Barbus altianalis Barbel, Ripon barbell Kisinja -Hydrocynus Tiger fish Ngassa Alestes Ngara Labeo victorianus Ningu Mormyrids (e.g. Mormvrus M. kannume = elephantsnout fish Kasulu kannume) Svnodontis qfrofischeri Catfish, Fischer's Victoria squeaker Nkolongo Tilapiines, which include Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii, are the most commerc ally important and widely distributed fish species in Uganda. 0. niloticus has been introduced to virtually all the water bodies including Lakes Victoria and Kyoga and the Koki Lakes. The species is nornally restricted to shallow inshore waters. It feeds on phytoplankton and bottom detritus but occasionally ingests crustaceans, insect larvae and zooplankton, and spawns in shallow inshore areas over sand bottoms. T. zillii was originally present on] y in Lake Albert, but has been widely translocated to other water systems and stocked in poncls as an aquaculture species. It is found in shallow marginal waters with water lilies. It feed. on higher plants but can also ingest bottom deposits. Before the introduction of Nile perch, B. docmac (Kisinja) was widespread in Lake Victoria in both shallow and deep waters but is now very rare in Lake Victoria and is virtually absent in Lakes Kyoga and Nabugabo. However, stocks of B. docmac are present especially in rocky areas along the Victoria Nile and form a major component of the fish catches in the area immediately above the Owen Falls Dam. They feed mostly on insect larvae, crustaceans A ES Nile Power 72 2lMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 and small fishes, especially haplochromines. They breed in wave-washed rocky shores but juveniles have also been recovered from rivers, rocky shores and sand beaches. The haplochromines (Nkejje/Mbipi) comprise a group of small fishes, which together with the tilapiines belong to the family Cichlidae. They occur in virtually all water bodies in Uganda including rivers. They were the most abundant fish species in Lakes Victoria and Kyoga but were depleted following introduction and establishment of Nile perch in these water bodies. At least 17 species of Barbus (Kisinja) have been reported in Uganda of which nine have been rcported along the Victoria Nile (Greenwood, 1962). The species arc mainly found in shallow inshore waters associated with river systems, where they feed on molluscs, aquatic vegetation and fishes (especially haplochromines) and breed in flooded rivers and streams. Major changes have taken place in the fisheries of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga since development of their fisheries started at the turn of the 20th century. Stocks of the commercially important native species declined likely due to overfishing. Nile perch and introduced tilapiine species first appeared in Lakes Victoria and Kyoga in the late 1 950s, and are thought to have been introduced to improve stocks of declining native species (Megapesca, 1997). The introduced fishes spread from the main lakes to the Victoria Nile and form an important component of the commercial fishery of the Victoria Nile. The introduction of piscivourous ('fish-eating') Nile perch led to a reduction in the stocks and diversity of smaller prey species such as haplochromines. With the removal of smaller fish, consumption of phytoplankton (microscopic algae) and detritus was reduced, and this, along with increased nutrient inputs, has been identified as a potential cause of enhanced eutrophication (Gophen et al., 1995), although water quality data from the Upper Victoria Nile indicate this is not a significant problem (see Section 3.1.3.3 - Water Quality). Recent studies by scientists at FIRRI (Dr. R. Ogutu-Ohwayo, FIRRI, pers. comm.) indicate that some of the native riverine fish species, especially Labeo victorianus, Barbus altianalis and some Mormyrids, have started to recover in Lake Kyoga following over-fishing of the Nile perch. These fishes have been caught near the opening of the Victoria Nile into Lake Kyoga, which indicates that they are recolonising the lake from the river. AFS Nile Power 73 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Historical Status Of Victoria Nile Fish Populations The original fisheries of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga and the Victoria Nile were similar in nature. In all three water bodies, two tilapiine species Oreochromis esculentus and 0. variabilis formed the most important components of the commercial catches. Other important species included the cat fishes, Bagrus doemac and Clarias gariepinus, the lung fish Protopterus aethiopicus, Barbus altianalis, Schilbe intermedius, Svnodonuis species, Labeo victoirianus, Mormyrids, haplochromine cichlids and Rastrineobola argcntea (Mukene). The Victoria Nile originally had a very nrch fish fauna dominated by riverine species. T'hese included nine Bar blus (Kisinja) species (B. altianalis Radcliff, B. bynni, B. amphigramnna, B. paludinosis, B. somereni, B. cercops, B. yongei, B. magdalenae, B. apleurogramma), s, ven Mormyrid species (Kasulu) (Mormry-us macrocephalus, Momyrus kannune, Petroceplalus calastoma, Marcusenius nigricanuis, Marcusenius grahami, Gnathonemus victoriae, Gnathonemus longibarbis), Labeo victorianus, Gara johnstomii, Rastrineobola argewtea, Alestes jacksonii, Alestes (Bricynus) sedler, Bagrus docmac, Schilbe intermedius, Clc,rias gariepinus, Clarias carsonii, Synodontis victoriae, S'ynodontis afrofischeri, A nph 1ius jacksonii, Clariallabes petricola, Oreochromis escuclentus and Oreochronmis (Nyasalapia) variabilis (Greenwood, 1958). Of these species, Labeo victorianus, B. altianalis and Mormyrids were commercially the most important species. Some of the riverine spe,:ies, namely B. altianalis, S. intermedius, L. victorianus and Morrnyrids, migrate up river, to spawn but return to the lake after spawning and the young grow in the lake. Apart from limited fish species interruption created near the source of the Nile at the Owven Falls Dam, the historical changes in fisheries for Victoria Nile have been the added fishery of the introduced species into Lake Kyoga of Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilztpia (Oreochromis niloticus) and to a lesser extent Tilapia 7illui. The first two species boosted the catches in the 1970s, especially at the estuary of the Victoria Nile into Lake Kyoga. This was followed by a decline in catch due to destructive methods of fishing. The Nile Tilapia fisl ery is now starting to recover. Rastrineobola argentea, previously exploited in Lake Victori-., is offering an alternative fishery around Kyankole and Bukungu but it is not extensively exploited on the Victoria Nile between the proposed lhydropower facility site and Kyankolth. A ES Nile PDwer 74 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Ihdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 As in Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga, the Victoria tilapias (Oreochromis esculentus and 0. variabilis) have virtually disappeared from the catches of the estuarine fishery, although shallow areas of the Nile provide refuges for these species. Before the construction of Owen Falls Hydroelectric Dam, the then Ripon Falls were famous for sport fishery (FIRRI, 2000). With the establishment of the Owen Falls dam this sport declined. It has been in the process of being gradually revived at the rapids at Bujagali and Kalagala based on Barbus and the Nile perch (FIRRI, 2000), though this was not confirmed during the 1999-2000 field surveys undertaken, when no sport fishing was recorded at any of the survey sites. Present Status Of Barriers To Fish It should be noted that a barrier to upstream fish migration between the Victoria Nile and Lake Victoria currently exists in the fornm of the Owen Falls dam. Presently, the only open connection is between the fisheries of Lake Kyoga and the Victoria Nile. Although there are anecdotal reports that Ripon Falls represented a barrier to fish migration prior to construction of the Owen Falls dam, there are no published reports of this being the case. The photograph in Figure 3.5, taken prior to construction of the Owen Falls dam, indicates a series of relatively small rapids (in the context of the larger rapids downstream) existed in the uppermost 2 km of the Victoria Nile, but these are unlikely to have represented a barrier to fish migration. The studies on the fisheries of the Upper Victoria Nile carried out by FIRRI have identified that some species of migratory fish exist in the river. Howevcr, there is no evidence from the FIRRI studies, or from other published sources, that these populations are obligatorily migratory (i.e. are required to migrate for breeding or other purposes). This is borne out by the fact that viable populations exist in the Victoria Nile despite the presence of the Owen Falls dam for approximately the last 50 years. For species that require headwater habitats in which to spawn, it is likely that tributary streams flowing directly into the Victoria Nile are now more important, rather than tributaries flowing into Lake Victoria, which would have been accessible prior to construction of Owen Falls dam. Present Status Of Victoria Nile Fish Populations Fish surveys of the Nile system in Uganda conducted since 1987, indicate that the Victoria Nile is still dominated by many species that were once a major fishery of Lakes Victoria and AES Nile Power 75 AMarch, 2001 Brujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Kyoga, prior to the introduction of Nile perch. Balirwa (I990) identified three types o' fish ecosystems in the area, which favoured individual species. These comprised: * the fully lacustrine ecosystem with fish species adapted to lake conditions e.g. tilapias Oreochromis esculentus and 0. niloticus, Gnathonemus longibarbis and other Mormr rids; * the nvenrne ecosystem, having those fish species adapted to river conditions e.g. B;:,rbus johnstonii, Amphililius jacksoni and Labeo victorianus; and, * the riverine lacustrine ecosystem for migratory species between the Lakes Victoria, Kyoga and River Nile. These are klnown locally as 'male' (Clarias gariepinus an J C. carsonii), Semutundu (Bagrus docmac) and Mputa (Lates niloticus). Littoral zones of shallow swampy fringes and marginal vegetation of Nyphea are domirnated by B. apleurogramma and most of the small Barbus species, Marcusenius nigra(ans, Gnathonemus victoriae and Alesies sadleri, Labeo victoriantis and Tilapiines. Turbulent waters and washedl rocky g,rounds are dominated by Gara jacksonii, Pterocepl alus catastoma, Rastrineobola argentea, Lates niloticus, Barbus altanalis, B. bavanii and Ampilius jacksonii. Deep rocky bottom areas are dominated by Gnathonenmus longibkrbis while the shallow, sandy bottom areas are dominated by Gnathonemnus victoriae and Gnathon emus longibarbis The FIRRI study (summarised in FIRRI, 2001) concludes that there are six keystone spezies of importance to fisheries (numbers 1-6 below), and an additional three that are important from a conservation perspective (numbers 7-9 below). 1. Barbus altianalis (Ripon barbel) 2. Mornmyrus kannumne (elephant snout fish) 3. Bagrus docmak (catfish) 4. Lates niloticus (Nile perch) 5. Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) 6. Rastrineobola argentea (minnow) 7. 'Mbipi' haplochromines 8 Synodontis spp. (catfish) 9. Mortnvrus macrocephalus 4ES Nile Power 76 Mfarch, 2}01 2~~~~~~~~~~~ - l- .E:: ~~~~'. ' }W: 1-1 ,14 t "d' -"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Source: Photographer unknown (Estimated Date: Late 1 940s)__________ _____ Project Name: ae AC,G53H7 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Dae AC,2001 G00__4 Figure 3.5 NILE FACILITY EIA THE SOURCE OF THE RIVERN A POWER Peaefo:PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF AES NILE POWER _ OWEN FALLS DAM Bujag,ali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Of the species deemed to be of conservation importance, the 'mbipi' haplochromines were identified due to recent impacts by Nile perch predation. The Synodontis and Mbormvrius species were identified due to their migration upstream from Lake Kyoga to the Namasagali area for spawning. Table 3.12 summarises the key ecological features of the nine keystone fish species in the Upper Victoria Nile, in terms of habitat and food preferences and reproductive ecology. It can be seen that the majority of these species are classified as lacustrine-riverine, i.e. able to inhabit both lake and river environments. This is likely due to the variety of micro-habitats offered by this section of the river - from deep, slow-flowing, backwaters and 'pond' areas with silty sediment, through to the rapids where soft sediment has been stripped away and the substrate is rocky. A ES Nile Power 79 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Table 3.12: Ecological Characteristics of Importanit Fish Species in the Upper Victoria Nile Species Habitat preference Feeding characteristics Reproductive characteristics Lates niloticus Iacustrine - riverine -juveniles in riverine Adults prey on fish (Rastrineohola Scatters eggs in open water and on suLbstrate in (Nile perch) macrophyte beds, adults generally mid- argentea, Tiilapiines and juvenile Nile open water. channel. perch) while invertebrates prey primarily Co-evolved with Nile tilapia (Ogutu- on the shrimp Caradino. Able to switch Ohwayo, 1994) between fish and invertebrate prey (Ogutu-Ohwayo, 1985, 1990) Oreochromiis Lacustrine - riverine. Widespread in river Omnlivorous: phytoplankton and a wide Spawns in firm sand in water from 0.6 to 2 m nilolicus (Nile and lake environment. Juveniles prefer range of benthic invertebrates deep in lakes. Males set up and defend territory tilapia) shallow, slow-flowing water over bard which are visited by the females. Eggs are shed substrate. Co-evolved wxith Nile perch. in batches in shallow nest and fertilized by male. Females solely involved in broodcare. Morniyrids e.g. Riverine - range of feeding grounds (soft- Solitary, nocturnal: feeds mainly on Anadromous: spawn in flooded swamp pools A'formnyrus hard bottoms, plus submerged vegetation). benthic invertebrates (primarily associated with lower reaches of rivers (Corbet, kainnlumle, Al. Smaller individuals prefer slow-flowing chironomids, chaoborids, 1961; Okedi, 1970). macrocephalus reaches and embayments. Ephemneroptera, Trichoptera and nmolluscs) Clarias Lacustrine - riverine. Benthopelagic - Omnivorous: plankton, snails, fish, Spawns durinig rainy season in flooded (cleltas. gariepifius widely tolerant of extreme environmental plants, fruit. Migrates laterally into floodplains and retreats conditions to main river channel or lake basin soon after. Tilapia zillii Lacustrine. Prefers shallow, vegetated Omnivorous - mainly epiphyton and Spawns in lake bottoms with pebbles or sand areas and are comnmon in marginal plants with some insects from soft and abundant vegetation. Lays adhesive eggs on vegetation. Juveniles often found in bottom sediments. the substratum wvhich are guarded by both seasonal floodlplains. parents. Reported to deposit and guard eggs in shallow nest. Produces up to 1000 eggs Svnodontis spp. Lacustrine - riverine. Rarely grows larger Onmivorous - switching between fish, thatn 15 cm. plant material & insects. Chironomid larvae important. Barbus Lacustrine - riverine. Juveniles prefer slow Primarily insects, some small fish Breed in floodplains of rivers and streams altianalis flowing areas with marginal vegetation. (especially haplochromines) Adults prefer rocky areas with fast currents. igrai u.> c;O:uuitk i Iacustrine-riverinie, bentlhopclagic - Feeds on crustaceanis, molluscs, t-ish andc AES Nile Power 80 Marc/i, 2001 BujagaJXject Hydropower Facility EIA ehapter 3 Table 3.12: Ecological Characteristics of Important Fish Species in the Upper Victoria Nile Species Habitat preference Feeding characteristics Reproductive characteristics widespread in E African Rift lakes, R Nile some debris and vegetable matter. and elsewhere, in shallow and deep water (0-80 ti depth). Rastrineobola Riverine. Juveniles prefer river banks and Primarily insects and shrimps (e.g. Spawns year-round, but June-July is peak argetntea associated macrophyte beds. Adults prefer Caradinia) spaxvning time. turbulent waters with hard substrate. Schooling behaviour enables it to evade Nile perch and Nile tilapia. 'Mbipi' Several species in Lake Victoria and the Exploits a wide variety of food resources Many species are mouthbrooders. haplochromines Victoria Nile. Benthopelagic - generally in (Frycr & lies, 1972, Seehausen et al.. rocky habitats. Adversely impacted by Nile 1998) perch predation. Source: Fishbase Database (www.fishbase.org) unless stated otherwise. AES Nile Power 81 Marczh, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Aquatic Birds Several kilometres of the Nile were surveyed for aquatic birds from vantage points alon X the banks (see Figure 3.3). Four visits were also made to a pond situated at the eastern end cf the proposed embankment, in what was apparently a former water course of the Nile. Seventeen species were recorded (see Appendix C.3 for survey results). None of the sp.cies recorded are globally endangered or threatened. However, three of the species recorded are regionally-listed. (Bermun et al., in press) The Darter (Anhinga rufa) and White-collared l'ratincole (Glareola nordmanni) are ranked Vulnerahle and the Grey Hleron (Ardea cinerea) is considered Near-Thireatened. The number of Darters in the area was higher than in all but a few localities in Uganda (they are verv rare now on Lake Victoria; Dr. J. Arinaitwe fromr, the East Africa Natural History Society, pers. comm., July 1998). T hey are seriously affecte.i by fishing, often becoming entangled in nets and drowning. The White-collared Pratincole also has a limited distribution in Uganda. It is only common in Murchison Falls National Park. None of the species recorded are confined to rapid-flowing rivers. Several birds, such as the Fish Eagle, may increase as a lake replaces the rapids. Many of the larger waterbirds roost on trees, especially on islands in the river. There are presently enough trees for them to do this, but further deforestation may be to their disadvantage. 3.3.2.2 Tropical Disease 1Vectors This section pertains solely to observances of tropical disease vectors within the Nile in the area of the proposed impoundment. Tropical disease statistics and control mechanisms are discussed in Sections 3.43 and 7.3.10 respectively. Schistosomiasis Snails transmitting schistosomiasis are normally found in the margins of pools or slc,w- flowing streams where they browse on algal growths, on plants, decaying leaves etc. Most species are confined to the shallow margins, down to a depth of about 1.5 in. Human schistosomiasis occurs in two forms in Uganda. Urinary schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium) is transmitted by members of the Bulinus (Physopsis) group of snails and was formnerly common in many areas. Intestinal schistosomiasis (caused by AES Nile Power 82 March, 20ifl Bajagali Pr(ject Hydropower Facility EMA Czapter 3 Schistosoma mansoni) is transmitted by snails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria, and is now much more common than S. haematobium. According to Mr. N. Kabatereine (August, 1998), Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, there are three species of Bimniphalaria present in the area: * Bionmphalaria choanomphala is unusual in that it is a deep water form, living in Lake Victoria on gravel and soft sedimentarv rock down to a depth of 2-3 m. It is known to be a host and is probably responsible for most transmissions among fishing communities along the lake shore, including Jinja; * B. sudanica occurs in permanent or semi-permanent swamps, and is particularly common along the shore line and in papyrus swamps on the edge of Lake Victoria near Jinja. It is a possible host but its local importance is not clear; aind, - B. pfeijferi is common in dams and slow-flowing nrvers and is a very efficient vector. It has been found in the two ponds east of the proposed embankment. Qualitative sampling of snails and other aquatic macroinvertebrates at a number of sites along the river did not yield a single specimen of Biomphalaria (See Figure 3.3). It may be preseilt, but in very low numbers and restricted areas. However, a survey of the pond off the eastern side of the northern end of Dumbbell Island immediately yielded rather large shells of the vector. This is due to the preference of this vector for stagnant or slow-flowing water (Mandahl-Barth, 1954). The snail deposits its eggs on leaves of aquatic plants such the Nile cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) and sometimes also on stones, branches or even shells of other snails. The Nile cabbage in the pond provides a more favourable habitat for the snail than the river, which is fast-flowing. Occurrence of Buli,ius in the Project Area Bulinuis spp. are common in the area. While their precise identity and potential importance can only be determined by more detailed investigation, they are probably of little importance since urinary schistosomiasis does not occur in the project area. In more general terms, Biomphalaria spp. occur more frequently in established water bodies while Bulinus spp. are better able to colonise new water bodies. Surface water temperature in the shallow area of Lake Victoria near Jinja is in the range of 24-26°C (Crul, 1993). Temperature data for the river in the vicinity of the proposed embankment are not available AES Nile Power 83 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EJA Chapter 3 but are unlikely to be significantly different. These figures are within the range fo- the optimum multiplication of both Biomphalaria and Bulinus species so that any snails th.t are able to establish themselves in the reservoir are likely to multiply rapidly. It is not practical to attempt to control snails along the shore of Lake Victoria and control is not practiced routinely in the area. Malaria Vectors Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. Female mosquitos belonging to the genus Anopheles are the vectors, Plasmodium falciparum is the ilost virulent form of malaria, causing about 96% of cases while P. ovale is responsible for a.)out 4% (Consultations with the Vector Control Unit and Ministry of Health, August l9)8). Malaria transmission is perennial but there is some evidence of seasonality. Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus are important vectors in Uganda. A. gambiae is the m iost efficient vector. Both it and A. funestus feed almost exclusively on humans. A. gambiae b ites throughout the night, the number of bites rising steadily to a peak shortly before dawn. A. funestus bites in particularly large numbers just before dawn. A. funestus numbers are ii a maximum in the dry season while A. gambiae numbers reach a maximum immediately azter the rains. A. gambiae has a relatively high survival rate which together with its preference for hun-an blood results in about 5% of females being infective, compared with infection rates of about 0.1% in other species. Other species may be present in greater numbers than A. gambuae however, thus compensating to some extent for lower infection rates. Although there have been no recent studies on the mosquito populations in the area, according to Mr. M. Okia a Senior Entomologist at the Malaria Control Unit in Entebbe(August, 1998), the principal vector is Anopheles funestus, with A. gambiae and A. moucheti being of secondary importance. This is somewhat unusual as A. gambiae is generally considered the most important vector in East Africa. While A. pharoensis al,o occurs, it is not known to be a vector. In the vicinity of the Bujagali project area A. funestus breeds in areas of grassy swamp aloiig the edge of Victoria Lake. A. gambiae breeds in sunlit, shallow pools, footprints etc. while AES Nile Power 84 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facilit- EfI Chapter 3 A. mouicheti breeds in areas with a good growth of grass and is more important along the banks of the Nile. Other Mosquitos Cutlecine mosquitos (especially Cuilex quiinquefusciatuis) are very common in the area and are a considerable biting nuisance. There is a possible association betwcen Mansonia mosquitos and water hyacinth, but they, are more closely associated with Nile cabbage (Pistia). Pistia occurs in the Lake but is not common in the Jinja area. It is also present in the fishponds on the east bank of the Nlile near the embankment site. Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Vectors The blood-sucking flies, Simulium dainnosurn. transmit river blindness. These flies breed in well-oxygenated, rapidly flowing water. In the past, suitable breeding sites occurred at many points in the Nile between the Owen Falls dam and Lake Kyoga. Breeding was widespread and human infection common. Control measures were initiated in about 1950. Regular applications of DDT were initially targeted against adults by aerial application and spraying along the banks and subsequently against larvae by application into the river itself. Larval control was achieved at a dose rate of 0. 1 -0.5 ppm. Treatment had a short-term adverse effect on aquatic organisms but these quickly recovered. Adult flies regularly re-invaded the river but in steadily declining numbers and were finally eradicated around 1975 (McCrae, 1977; Ayele & Walsh, 1991). Surveys conducted by WS Atkins (1998) demonstrated the presence of other non-vector Simulium species (S. alcocki and S. medusaeforme) in the river, the adults of which are thought to feed on birds and cattle. Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Vectors Two morphologically identical organisms, Trvpanosoma gambiense and T. rhodesiense cause human trypanosomiasis. The diseases they cause in man are similar, with T. rhodesiense causing more acute diseases. Death will occur in untreated cases in six to nine months. There is historical evidence that the geographical distribution of the two species overlap in south east Uganda, but more recent studies indicate that T rhodesiense is now the dominant (perhaps only) species present (Consultations with Vector Control Unit and Ministry of Health, August 1998) AES.Nile Power 85 March, 2001 Bujagali Prioject Hlvdropower Facilit1 EIA Chapter 3 A broadly similar infection is a serious disease of livestock, particularly cattle, in many parts of Africa. Trypanosomiasis is transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina), both sexes of which suck blood. The tsetse fly is riverine and inhabits the vegetation along the banks of rivers and ]akes (Gordon and Lavoipierre, 1976). A female tsetse fly ovulates one egg at a time. Th s is retained in the "uterus". which hatches into a larva. It then undergocs three moults before emerging from the adult female. The female selects a soft place for larviposition to en;ure the larva can borrow within the shortest possible time. This type of shelter is essential to maintain the right degree of humidity until emergence. Such places include tree shelters, bushes, beneath rocks, fallen logs, and even tree cavities above ground level (Gordon and Lavoipierre, 1976). Many of these favourable habitats exist in the project area, particularl]y in the remnant natural vegetation on some islands. Lantana camara bushes have been founli to be responsible for the widespread occurrence of sleeping sickness in the Busoga region because they provide ideal conditions for sheltering and larviposition (T. Kangwagye, p,rs. comm., August 1998). 3.3.3 Protected Areas Protected areas within the vicinity of the project are shown in Figure 3.3. 3.3.3. 1 Jinja Aniimal Sanctuary The Jinja Animal Sanctuary is partly situated within the project area, namely the portion of the Nile River between the Owen Falls dam and Bujagali Falls, including the riverbanrks (width of the banks not defined in the legislation). Refer to Figure 3.3 for the location of i he sanctuary. This sanctuary was established under Legal Notice 1 10 of 1 953 for the protection of all animals except fish (Government of Uganda, 1953; GoU, 1962; GoU, 1996). Activities prohibited in the animal sanctuary include: * Hunting, trapping or killing of any animal species including birds and insects; * Destruction of any animal habitat e.g. felling of trees where birds and insects may nest, clearing vegetation (grass, bushes, trees etc. where animals live and feed), draining of water as in pools or ponds where frogs, toads, lizards, etc. live and feed; * Submersion of island patches within the Nile or the banks of the Nile where animals live, nest, breed or feed; and, AES Nile Power 86 March, 200! Bujaguli Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 * Collecting/capture of live animals or parts of animals dead or alive (e.g. eggs, feathers, nests, bones, teeth, skins, etc.) for any purpose (UWA, pers. Comm., 2000). Although no current inventory exists for the sanctuary, it is considered to have several bird species. reptiles and a diversity of insects (UWA, pers. Comm., 2000). When the Sanctuary was established, there were hippopotami in this section of the river. However, the last one was killed a few years ago (Director, Field Operations, Wildlife Authority. pers. Comm., 2001). Management policies to date have centred around providing information to the local populace on the area's biodiversity. If activities are undertak-en during the construction and operation of the project that are in contravention of the legislation, mitigation measures must be identified in the project's EIA and be implemented (UWA, pers. Comm., 2000). 3.3.3.2 Forest Reserves The national forest estate comprises 721 Forest Reserves encompassing 71 % of Uganda's 94 recognised vegetation communities across the forest and savanna zones of the country, totalling 15,000 kM2 (Forest Department, 1999). The 65 principal forests within Uganda were ranked in tenns of their biological importance (out of a total of 721 forests countrywide) (Forest Department, 1999). Kimaka Central Forest Reserve (CFR), the only protected forest in close vicinity of the project area, is not one of the principal forests. Mabira CFR is situated approximately 7 km west of the proposed hydropower facility site, while Namavundu CFR is located approximately 8.4 km north- northwest of the proposed hydropower facility site. Kimaka CFR Kimaka CFR is located approximately 3 km downstream of the Owen Falls dam and 4.5 km upstream of the proposed Bujagali hydropower facility, to the east of the Nile River. The closest that the forest reserve comes to the river's edge is approximately 450 m (0.45 km). This CFR was first gazetted under the Forest Reserves (Declaration) Order, 1964 as a Central Forest Reserve measuring approximately 0.466 km2. Under the Forest Reserves Declaration order, 1968, it remained a CFR. Kimaka CFR is a 47 ha Plantation Forest which has been managed under the Pen-urban Plantation Project since 1989 (DFO, pers. Comm., 2000). This is a project funded by NORAD whose aim is to increase the production of poles and fuel wood to meet the demands AES Nile Power 87 M11arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 3 of the local population and the nearby urban centres. The forest is dominated by eucal yptus trees used mainly for fuel, building, and electricity transmission poles. Biodiversity within the forest reserve is low due to the dominance of young eucalyptus plantations. Forty-two of the 47 ha have been allocated to private tree planters. The private plantei-s are granted permits by the Forest Department (FD), which supervises them from seeJling planting, right through management of the trees, up to harvesting. The planting is done 'Lnder five-year renewable permits. The remaining 5 ha are still directly under the FD buw are managed in a manner similar to the privately allocated portions of the CFR. 3.4 Socio-Economic Conditions 3.4.1 Administrative Boundaries and Local Governance Uganda is divided into 58 districts, which under the decentralized system of govermmeni are responsible for the general administration of individual districts. Districts are further divided into counties, sub-counties, parishes and villages. At each level the area is run by ele- ted local councils (LC5 at District level to LC1 at village level) who are responsible for l,:cal policy formulation, resolving local conflicts and providing orderly leadership at the grass roots level. Districts, sub-counties and villages generally play the most important role in l(ucal government. In the project area, the River Nile forms the boundary between Jinja District on the east b.Lnk and Mukono District on the west bank. Within Jinja District the area directly affected by the project lies within Budondo Sub-county (LC3) within which lie the villages (LCI) of Kyabirwa, Ivunamba, Bujagali and Namizi. Within Mukono District the area directly affec:-ed lies in Wakisi sub-county within which lie the villages of Naminya, Buloba, Malindi and Kikubamutwe. Administrative areas are shown on Figure 3.6. 3.4.2 Land-Use and Settlement Patterns 3.4.2.1 History of Development The history of development in the area can be summarised in a number of stages: * the pre-colonial period before 1900; * the colonial period, 1900 to 1962; AES Nile Power 88 March, 2 0 I t.earJk;|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -n, ,, , F ri*FSi,4* 2 K 1tI 6-~~~~~~~~~~~~6 I ,,,' . ^......,,, ' .__ .....,,,t,, ;1 - 143" i,,, '': ' : 615 2; ',5 . I -, 0 , )'W '' .:.. | 2 2~ 7., . ,,................. ,,l,, ' .. -' ' '' *':-|Cl$iZd1. 6 -V.e, .Ž- ; U Buyala Namizi Bujagain. ' '/' ' I ] } ,- 1r (V 1 'I t | .fi_ ro es d , tes , z h' 1 tbek.;Proposed "-h 12a AN ° 75 3 ., y I 7E \'S * hk 1 * La,v,, Kikubamutwe . Bujagali Hydropower Ivu a ;-...'.' ..... | I 0 a,, ' t S .D ;1 l eB- f -W iJ , X M h j,'' ' ' , ' * , ;Facility . ' a 3 C ' C . ." * ' *> " ' '.Buloba-) t^*1 t 5, . o .........~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... . ..... r<0X--=0hje 11 ,5 ,,0 3 I l,f U3 - -;; etal M'- <-i,; 16~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 r , 22 6. - I/ I - . zo!' 1_,irw hltul tI I" .t. . Dqb ' I & . 7l , t i. Malindi e li . 2 0 . 1 ,,- \ Fl&5 r 21~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k I -I Rsememet Land otS Kybirwa atureResettlem 2 Roa 11 \~Nl ie Rsr 1b ita 'dAt 219t. _ rpseBjaa SCL1.00 Prepaedfo Prpoe SO I - CO O I - .12 Obntralj#%tacilty =tOO AES NILE POWER FEATURES 1 444 62'sj I~"4 '2'~~~~~~~~~~75 Na, 't61.~~~~~SbconyOfie C Poet ae:DteMRH,20.F. Proposed Bujaga6i FACILITY "6A S2C 10-ECON.O'1C 26 ~~ SIn Hyropowe Facilty SCL 15, 1Peam o A34 /... 0 00 E IEPW RF A U E Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitn EIA Chapter 3 * indcpendence. 1962 to 1971; * political instability, 1971 to 1985; and, * recovery, 1986 to the present day. In the pre-colonial period both river banks were settled but the Budondo Sub-County (on the east bank) was particularly densely populated being the heart of Busoga land. In the second half of the 19th century, however, the population decreased due to a sleeping sickness epidemic. The west bank was less severely affected. During the colonial period the east bank was repopulated and there was extensive settlement and clearing of forest. On the west bank extensive areas of forest were cleared following the eradication of the mbwa fly in 1952. Settlers came from all parts of Uganda, particularly the south-eastern part of the country, as well as from other East African countries. As a result both banks have a very heterogeneous population. The best land was cleared first and cash crops were planted, particularly cotton. Bush vegetation was left in swampy areas and on the dry hills. Later coffee was planted and cassava, sweet potatoes and groundnuts introduced as subsistence food crops. Jinja town grew rapidly in the 1950s in the wake of the construction of the Owen Falls dam. After Independence, coffee was developed as the main cash crop. Jinja continued to expand and became a marketing centre and industrial base. The area was relatively prosperous. However, with the onset of political instability there was economic collapse. Jinja town was adversely affected, particularly due to the expulsion of the Asian population. Cotton was eliminated due to a fall in world market prices and an indiscriminate marketing policy towards peasants. People were afraid of accumulating wealth and reverted to subsistence agriculture. Since the return of political stability in 1985, population pressure in the area has increased. Swamps were drained and the subdivision of land intensified. Plots were divided into long strips stretching from the roads to the hills or swamps to include both fertile and poorer quality land. Virtually the entire area is now cultivated and very little forest remains. There have been a number of rehabilitation projects in the industry, energy and transport sectors and J.inja has expanded, providing both market and employment opportunities. Linkages between the town and the rural areas have increased. AES Nile Power 91 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitn EIA Chapter 3 3.4.2.2 Demographic Conditions National Trends The 1991 population census indicated that Uganda had a total population of 16.7 million with an estimated annual growth of some 2.5% per arnum between 1980 and 1991. The Statistics Department projected in 1998 that the population in the year 2000 would reach 22.2 mil:ion (Government of Uganda, Statistical Abstract, 1998). In 1991 51% of the population was female and 49% male. Approximately 47% of the population was under the age of 15 years. Approximately 85% of the population was livinm! in the rural areas with 1 5%1o in towns and cities. The annual average growth rate of the ur!)an population was 4.8%o. Local Trends Demographic data at the district level was obtained from the 1991 census (GoU, 1998). "he total populations of Jinja and Mukono Districts in 1991 were 289,476 and 824,606 respectively. The growth rates of the population in the two districts were 2.2% and 2.4% per annum respectively between 1980 and 1991, which was below the national average of 2. % per annum. The population of both districts was 50%.o male and 50% female. In Mukono District 49'/, of the population was under the age of 15 while in Jinja District the proportion was 46%. In Mukono District 88% of the population lived in rural areas whilst in Jinja District -he proportion is only 72% due to the presence of the Jinja urban area, Uganda's second largest city. Literacy and Educational Attainment Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the population over 10 years of age is literate in Jinja Distbict whilst in Mukono it is 61%. In both districts it is higher than the national average (54%). T'he proportion of the population over the age of six who have never attended school is 26% in Jinja District and 28% in Mukono compared to a national average of 37%. The proportion of the population between the ages of six and twelve who have attended primary school is 66% in Jinja District and 68% in Mukono compared to a national average of 57%. Forty-tivo percent (42%) of the population over the age of 15 in Jinja District have completed prim;Ary school compared to 30% in Mukono and 25% nationally. Similarly 17% over the age of 20 in Jinja District have completed secondary school compared to 7% in Mukono District and '% AES Nile Power 92 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hyvdropower Facilit, EMA Chapter 3 nationally. In conclusion, standards of education in the study area are generally higher than at the national level, particularly in Jinja District. Economically Active Population The proportion of economically active population (defined as between 10 and 64 years) is lower in Jinja District (46%/o) than in Mukono (56%) which is closer to the national average (59%). These trends relate closely to the trends in educational enrolment described above. The proportion of economically active population engaged in agriculture is 42% in Jinja District compared to 75% in Mukono and 77% nationally. The proportion of the population whose main source of livelihood is subsistence farming is lower in Jinja (37%) than in Mukono (57%), both of which are below the national average of 68%. This is due to the important role of the Jinja urban area in the local economy and the presence of a number of large plantations in Mukono District. The proportion of the population involved in trading in Jinja District is 133%, which cquals the national average whilst that in Mukono District is only 9%. The proportion obtaining an income from formal sector ernployment is higher in Jinja District (37%) than Mukono District (18%) while the national average is 13%. Within the project-affected area, 46% of affected people are primarily involved in agriculture, while 16% are involved in business, 15% arc students, 4% are fishermnen and 4% are bicycle or taxi drivers (Resettlement Action Plan). 3.4.2.3 Settlenment Patterns The town of Jinja, which is the second largest town in Uganda and is the administrative centre for Jinja District, dominates the project area. It is an industrial centre containing paper, textile, beer, plastics, flour milling, food processing, leather and other industries. It has a substantial commercial centre providing hotel, business and social services for a wide hinterland. lt also functions as a tourist base for visitors to the source of the Nile and the Bujagali Falls and acts as a marketing centre for agricultural produce from the surrounding area. The town has a strategic location on the main route from the Democratic Republic of Congo through Kampala to Mombasa, which also gives it a significant trading function. On the western bank is the small satellite centre of Njeru, which contains a number of industrial and service activities. AES Nile Power 93 Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 The area immediately to the north of Jinja is currently dominated on the east bank by the construction works of the Owen Falls Extension Project. There are a number of quaries, borrow areas and waste sitcs. This area also contains some industrial developments and the Jinja airstrip. Settlement is concentrated along the main road from Jinja to Kamuli. Fiom Buwenda northwards the road is murram. At Ivunamba the main road turns in a north- easterly direction and access to the project area is via a complex network of tracks of varn'ing width and quality (Figure 3.6). A road has recently been constructed from Ivunamba to g.ive access to Kyabirwa Falls. The main tracks extend from Ivunamba due west to the Buj agali Falls, and north to Kyabirwa and Namizi. Settlement is generally along the tracks but is more dispersed and evenly distributed than on the west bank. The villages of Kyabirwa, Narmizi and Buyala are clearly defined by pronounced valleys. Ivunamba is a sizeable trading cen itre in the area with a number of grocery shops, butchers, tailors, workshops, restaurants and market stalls. To the north of these urban areas the land use and settlement pattern change,; to one that is rural in character. On the west bank, settlement is concentrated along the nmain Jinja - Kayunga road. There is almost continual linear development along this road through the project area. Between the main road and the river there are a number of minor roads and tracks giving access to clust ers of homesteads within the villages of Nkokonjeru, Naminya, Buloba, Malindi and Kikubamutwe. Settlement is generally on higher land. Refer to Figure 3.6. There is little permanent settlement on the islands but a number of temporary shelters are u -ed whilst farmers are cultivating the land. Access is provided by canoe from both riverbanks. 3.4.2.4 Housing and Infrastructure Housing in the rural areas is constructed mainly in family compounds. Buildings are eitlier 'temporary' (built with traditional materials), 'semi-permanent' (with traditional walls and corrugated iron roofs) or 'permanent' (with brick or concrete walls). The majority of housing is owner occupied. Water is obtained from the river and from boreholes, wells and springs. A piped water supply system is under construction on the cast bank along the main road, as an extension to the Jil-ja public water supply scheme. Sanitation is normally via pit latrines. AES Nile Power 94 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Charcoal is generally used for cooking and kerosene for lighting although car batteries are used to power some electrical appliances. As part of a Rural Electrification Programme under the financing of JICA, a 33 kV line is under construction along the main roads on both banks. As of late 2000, the line on each side of the river was completed from Jinja north of the project area. Connections to individual households should therefore be possible in the near fiture. Connections will be made to the local trading centers as part of a JICA-funded project, with connection to households remaining the responsibility of individuals. There are six primary schools in the project area with buildings and facilities in generally poor condition. Secondary schooling is provided in Jinja town. The health facilities in the project area are at Wakisi Dispensary and Maternity Unit (DMU) on the west bank and Budondo DMU on the east bank. Hospital facilities are provided in Jinja. There are no recreation facilities in the area, other than the Bujagali picnic site. There are no telecommunication, postal services or police services in the rural areas. 3.4.3 Public Health 3.4.3.1 Availability of Health Services in the Project Area Two local health centres serve the population of the project area. On the west bank of the Nile, approximately 20 km from Jinja, is the Wakisi Dispensary and Maternity Unit (DMU). On the east bank of the project area, approximately 15 km north of Jinja, is Budondo DMU. Both these rural health units refer difficult cases and emergencies to Jinja Hospital, which is a general hospital with a full complement of medical, surgical, laboratory, radiological and other diagnostic and treatment services. Additional information on the DMLUs is included in Appendix C.4. Both of these DMUs will be improved as part of AESNP's Community Development Action Plan, and are discussed in more detail in that plan. The Community Development Action Plan is Part III of the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan, which forms part of this EIA and is submitted in a separate document. 3.4.3.2 National and Local Health Indicator Statistics Table 3.13 below gives basic health statistics for Jinja and Mukono Districts in comparison to Uganda national figures. Jinja District ranks better than Mukono District in all categories of health except for the number of hospitals/capita. Both districts rank higher than the national AES Nile Power 95 ,M1arch, 2001 Buiagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 averages in all categories of health except for Mukono District's percentage of the popukltion situated within a 5 km radius of a health facility (44.3% in Mukono District versus 4'i.0% nationally and 94.1% in .linja l)istrict). Table 3.13: Health Profile for Jinja District, Mukono District and Uganda, 1993 Health Category Jinja Mukono Uoanda District District Population (1991) Census 289,476 824,604 16,671,70' Population (per sq.km. Land) 428 179 85 Fertility and mortality rates Total Fertility Rate 6.2 6.8 7.5 Infant Mortality Rate/]000 90 102 122 Child Mortality Rate/ 1000 159 169 203 Health facilities and inpatient Beds Hospitals 2 6 95 Health Units 29 31 1332 Total Beds 713 870 22,714 Population within 5 krn Radius of health facility (%) 94.1 44.3 49.0 Deployment of Trained Health Personnel 600 638 12,289 Source: Statistical Abstracts. 1998. Republic of Uganda National Alorbidity Patterns Table 3.14 below shows the top ten outpatient diagnoses for 1995 for all ages from 22 reporting districts in Uganda. The list is extracted from data reported in the Uganda He.,lth Bulletin of September-December 1996, which involved more than 5 million Out Patient Department (OPD) diagnoses. Table 3.14: Top 10 Diagnoses 1995 (Excluding HIVfAIDS) - All Reporting Districts - All Ages Diagnosis Admissions Percent Malaria Acute 1431068 25.9 Lower Respiratory Infections 785114 14.2 Acute Upper Respiratory Infections 572639 10.4 Intestinal Worms 572639 10.0 Trauma (injuries, wounds., bums) 376613 6.8 Diarrhoea with Blood 335215 6.1 Skin Diseases 235157 4.3 Eye Infections 231349 4.2 Dental Caries 87487 1.6 Anaemias Other 73423 1.3 Source: Uganda Healthi Buletin, Sept.-Dec. 1996. Ministry of Health. AES Nile Power 96 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower F acilint EIA Chapter 3 Morbidity Pattern in the Project Area Morbidity data for 1997 were obtained from recorded outpatient diagnoses in the health institutions of the project area. Disease incidence patterns were similar at all health facilities. The OPD statistics for most frequent diagnoses in Jinja District (excluding Jinja Hospital) are presented in Table 3.15. Malaria is the most common diagnosed disease in all categories of outpatients, followed by acute respiratory infections (excluding pneumonia), intestinal worms, trauma (injuries, wounds, burns) and diarrhoea (not acute). Table 3.15: Outpatient Diagnoses for Jinja District (Excluding Jinja Hospital) Under Five Years Old Five Years and Above All Ages Diagnoses Number % of All Number % of All Number % of All MalariaNO 31,708 31.8% |52,911 33.4% 84,619 32.8% AcRI-Not Pneumonia 14,892 14.9% 21,154 13.4% 36,046 14.0% Intestinal Worms 7,876 7.9%/o 10,006 6.3% 17,882 6.9% Trauma (iniuries, wounds, burns) 8,130 8.1% 7,978 5.0% 16,108 6.2% Diarrhoea, Not bloody Acute 6,651 6.7%o 5,565 3.5% 12,216 4.7% Skin and subcutaneous tissue 4,917 4.9% 6,987 4.4% 11,904 4.6% disorders AcRI-Pneumonia 5,910 5.9% 5,522 3.5% 11,432 4.4% Source: Office of the District Medical Officer Jinja. NO = Notifiable. 3.4.3.3 HIV/AIDS - Background The Ministry of Health's Three-Year Plan 1993/94 - 1995/96 articulated the growing burden of HIM/AIDS on the population of Uganda. HIV/AIDS-related illness were said to account for over 30% of all hospital admissions. Nearly 70% of the beds in the tuberculosis wards of the largest hospitals were occupied by patients who were also HIV positive. HIV/AIDS also led to the reappearance of diseases that had virtually been under control. The Ministry of Health states that the emphasis of its AIDS/STD Control Programme is the prevention of transmission of STD/HIV and mitigation of the effects of STDS/HIV/AIDS on individuals, families, the community and the country as a whole. The operations of the programme in 1997/98 centred on increasing decentralization of implementation to districts and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). A community multi-sectoral approach to the HIV/AIDS problem was also used. AES Nile Power 97 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Ilvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Prouress made over the years is evidenced by a number of factors including: a declin- in trends of new HIV infection noticed at the 6 urban sentinel sites; the decreasing incidenc- of HIV in the young age group of 14 - 24 years; delay in first sexual contact; a sm.ller proportion of people having sex with a non-regular partner; and, an increase in the availability, access and use of condoms. National HIV/AIDS Statistics As of 31 December 1997, a cumulative total of 53,306 AIDS cases had been reported to the STD/AIDS Control Programrnme Surveillance Unit (Table 3.16). Of these 49,432 (92."'>,'o) were adults aged 12 years and above while 3,874 (7.3%) were children below 12 years. Table 3.16: Cumulative Reported AIDS Cases by Year in Uganda Year No. of Cases 1983 17 1984 28 1985/86 910 1987 3,824 1988 7,249 1989 13,339 1990 19.955 1991 30,190 1992 36,552 1993 41,193 1994 46,120 1995 48,312 1996 51,344 1997 53,306 Source: National HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, March 1998. The female to male ratio of adults infected was approximately 1:1. The overall mean age for adult AIDS cases was 32.57 years. Stratified by sex, the mean age was 34.38 years and 30.59 years for males and females respectively. The overall mean age for pediatric AIDS cases was 2.18 years. Local HIV/AIDS statistics HIV/AIDS diagnoses for 1997 from the three local health units of the project area and Jillija District are summarised in Table 3.17. AES Nile Power 98 March, 2.00l Blujagali Project vlvdropower Facilfy ElA, Chapter 3 Table 3.17: HIV/AIDS OPD Diagnoses, Project area, 1997. Sector Number Percentage of Sector Total Al] outpatients. Jinja District (excluding 1,013 0.39% Jinja Hospital) 11 months Jinja Hospital 1,699 2.05%/o Budondo DMU 7 0.05% Wakisi DMtJ 8 0.09% SoLirce: Outpatient Diagnoses Tables from 3 local health units within the project area and Jinja Distnct. As a comparison, Jinja Hospital recorded 763 HIV/AIDS diagnoses in 1995, which amounted to 0.6% of total outpatient diagnoses. The apparent increase of more than 61% per year in betwveen 1995 and 1997, whilst alarrning, can be attributed to significant improvements in detection techniques, although a portion may also be due to the presence of the Owen Falls Extension construction labour force as noted in the Panel of Experts final report (http://www.buiagali.com/). 3.4.3.4 Tropical Diseases Schistosomniasis Intestinal infection due to Schistosoma mansoni is the oinly form infecting man found in the general area of the project. Although no surveys for schistosomiasis have been carried out in the immediate area of the Bujagali project, S. mansoni infection rates of approximately 60% were found during a survey along the shore of Lake Victoria in Mukono District (Divisional Vector Control Officer, Mukono, pers. Comm., 1998) and of approximately 50% in patients at Buloba Hospital. Infections are treated with praziquantel, which is also effective against intestinal worms. Malaria In the country as a whole, malaria is responsible for about 30% of all hospital attendances and is listed first in the top ten causes of mortality in all age groups under 16 years, and second only to HIV/AIDS as a cause of death in those over 16 (Ministry of Health, 1994). In Jinja District, outpatient diagnoses for malaria in 1997 were 34,335 for under 5 years, and 56,121 for over 5 years, representing approximately 32% of all outpatient diagnoses. Corresponding figures for Mukono District for 1997 were 37,477 for under 5s, and 51,637 for AES AVile Power 99 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 over-5-year-olds, representing approximately 27% and 23% of outpatient diagn Dses respectively (Health Planning Unit, Ministry of Health). It is known that an unprotected person, living in an area where malaria is hyperendenmic, nay receive several infective bites per night. These are sufficient to maintain a high level of immunity and resistance to disease in those living in rural areas and who have been regularly exposed since birth. However the potential for transmission from one non-immune person to other non-immunes is very considerable - over 1500 people have been known to become infected from a single case in this way. Because malaria is hyperendemic among the local population, the level of immunit" is correspondingly high. The principal risk of serious consequences of infection therefore lies with expatriates and any workers coming from non-malaria areas. Studies on chloroqi. ne resistance are being carried out at Walukuba Health centre. Due to financial constraints, residual insecticides for house spraying are in short supply. Boarding schools are treated routinely with permethrin. Ideally the schools should take responsibility but are unable to do so for financial reasons. People are willing to use bed r ets which can be treated with permethrin to control mosquitos but at USh 8-10,000 each, the r ets are not affordable for the majority of the population. In addition nets require re-treatment after about six months. General advice includes screening houses against mosquitos ;nd closing windows before dark. Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) River blindness is common in sixteen districts in western Uganda and in Mbale in southeastern Uganda. The National Onchocerciasis Control Programme was set up by 'he Ministry of Health (MoH) in 1996 who formulated a national plan for the control of the infection within 15-20 years (Mutabazi & Duke, 1998). The drug ivernectin (Mectizan®, Merck & Co., Inc.) is being distributed through the community to 'at risk' populations. Surveys of the local population in about 1991 revealed only two or three cases of river blindness, all imported from other areas, and none of which were in young people. Surveys conducted by the Senior Entomologist, Vector Control Division, MoH and the Divisional Vector Control Officer, Mukono fotnd no Simulium damnosum flies. Furthermore, io tourists visiting the area reported bites (bites are painful and easily noticed). It was thereft.re AES Nile Power 10O March, 2Ch')} Bujagali Project Hydropower Faciligy EIA Chapter 3 concluded that Simuilium damnosum is no longer present in the area. that onchocerciasis is no longer being transmitted, and that it is unlikely the disease will re-establish itself in the area. (Ndyomugyenyi, 1998; and pers. Comm.). Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) In former times there were a number of serious outbreaks of human trypanosomiasis in the Busoga region. The principal vector was Glossina fuscipes. Flies were found to breed extensively around villages and in areas where the plant Latitana calar-a is prolific. An active control programme was instituted about ten years ago, which involved active case finding and passive surveillance, combined with fly control, initially by aerial spraying along the Nile and use of pyramidal traps treated with deltamethrin insecticide (Glossinex) at 300 mg active ingredient per trap. Traps were distributed at an average of 10 traps per km2 (District Veterinary Control Officer, Jinja, pers. comm. 1998). Infections were reduced by 96% over four years and the point has now been reached where only nine or ten new cases of sleeping sickness occur in a year in a population of about 300,000 and tsetse flies are no longer a problem. Traps are still used, essentially to monitor the occurrence of flies (including other related blood-sucking species). Animal trypanosomiasis occurs in the area (Acting District Veterinary Officer, Jinja). Active and passive surveillance is undertaken routinely. Positive cases are treated with dimazine aceturate to clear parasites and animals are also protected by routine treatment with Samorin(3 (May and Baker). Infections in cattle and goats at one time were high but are now down to about 5% in cattle and 3% in goats. Rift Valley Fever A surveillance operation was set up in the Mbale area following the Rift Valley Fever outbreak along the Tana River in Kenya. Particular attention was given to the area along the Uganda-Kenya border and to population movements. Mosquitos have been collected, and blood samples taken from humans and livestock on both sides of the border. These have been analysed by the Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta, United States. There have been no positive reports (Virologist, Uganda Virus Research Institute, and Senior Entomologist, Vector Control Division, MoH, pers. comm. 1998). AES Nile Power 101 iMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilift EIA Chapter 3 3.4.3.5 Ebola Fever As a result of outbreaks of Ebola fever in 2000/2001 in 3 communities within Uganda ((,ulu, approximately 304 km northwest of Jinja; Masindi, approximately 174 km west of Jinja, and Mbarara, approximately 234 km southwest of Jinja). the Uganda National Task Force fc r the Control of Viral Ilemorraghic Fevers was set tup in October 2000 to control!oversee such emergencies. This program has been extended to the sub-county level and communities at large. The main task for the district is surveillance. All main hospitals in each district within the country have been equipped with protective materials in case of an emergencs or suspected cases. Suspected cases are to be reported through the District Director of Health Services to the Ministry of Health, who will then send in a team to investigate the issue. A protocol has been established on how positive cases are to be handled. 3.4.4 Economic Activities 3.4.4.] National Trends Uganda's economy is predominantly agricultural with over 90 percent of the populat ion dependent on subsistence farming and agro-based industries. Coffee, tea and fish are the major earners of Uganda's foreign exchange, with the country being self-sufficient in food. From 1962 to 1970 Uganda had a flourishing economy with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 5 percent per annum compared to a population growth rate of 2.6 percent per annum. This resulted in an average growth of about 2.4 percent per capita income annually. Between 1971 and 1985 the period of military dictatorship and civil un'est seriously affected the growth of the economy and the country's capacity to provide social services such as education and health care. During this time it is estimated that real GDP per capita declined by over 40 percent. The formal sector of the economy became hea ily regulated while the informal and non-monetary sectors increased substantially. Since 1986 the Government has been implementing an economic reform and rehabilitation programme that has been supported by a large number of multilateral and bilateral donors. This programme has steadily assisted in: the removal of structural problems that constrain growth; creating an enabling environment for private initiatives; and, bringing about fis.:al discipline, prudent monetary management and a stabile exchange rate. These measures hr ve AES Nile Power 102 AJarch, 20491 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 rcsulted in a sustained economic recovery since 1987 with economic growth averaging 5.8 percent and growth in per capita income averaging over 2.5 percent annually. Agriculture continues to be the lead sector contributing over 50 percent of the GDP, -employing 80 percent of the labour force and accounting for more than 90 percent of commodity exports. The share of the manufacturing sector in GDP is still relatively small at about 5 percent and is mainly based on agro-based industries such as sugar, tea, coffee and tobacco, as well as import substitution sectors producing consumer goods, largely for the domestic market. Since 1986 fundamental economic factors, which had previously crippled the economy, have been redressed. These include: reverse migration of skilled workers; return of expropriated Asian properties to their former owners who have returned to the county to revive their businesses; and, creating stable conditions for attracting private capital inflows. Other measures have included: government policy commitment on import and export liberalization; foreign exchange libcralization; privatisation of public enterpnrses; improvements in fiscal administration; financial and public sector reform; decentralisation of public administration to the districts: and, increased empowerment of women and other disadvantaged groups. In economic terms, these developments have substantially enhanced the country's credibility in economic management. The result has been that scarce resources, which in the 1970s and early 1980s relocated to less productive non-tradable sectors, have shifted to higher productive sectors like manufacturing, exports and tourism. Other activities which have benefited from these favourable conditions are the increased production of non-traditional commodities like simsim, oil, seeds, flowers, various types of vegetables and other horticultural products, both for domestic and export markets. Economic productivity is therefore increasing and inflation is low. 3.4.4.2 Local Economy Introduction Information on the operation of the local economy in the project area was obtained from two main sources: a bascline socio-economic survey undertaken during 1999 by WS Atkins; and, a report undertaken by ACDI-VOCA in April 2000 for AESNP. AES Nile Power 103 March, 2001 Bujagali Project 11vdropower Facilrh EIA Chapter 3 Occupations The baseline survey indicated that 46% of households are primarily peasant farmers. W. hile thc vast maJority of people in the area undertake some farming, a significant numbe-r of people are involved in other occupations. These include business / trade, fishing, and bicycle taxi driving. Incomes According to agricultural statistics from the Jinja District Agricultural Office, the average sustainable land holding in the District is 0.8 ha per compoundl/household, with a net anniual income of UgSh 3.7 million or USD 2,3000 per compound,household. Based on an ave!age of 8.4 persons per household in the project area (WSAtkins, 1998), the average armual agricultural income per individual is USD 270. The baseline socio-economic survey indicated that the average annual income per hec-:are from farming is Ush 31.62 million (US$19,760), which is 8.5 times higher than the dis:rict DAC figures. The difference in estimates could be attributed to: : Project-affected persons exaggerated their incomes in expectation of compensation; * PAPs could have confused gross income with net income; and, * Productivity within the project area may be higher than in the remainder of the district. The average annual household income from fishing, according to the baseline survey is I Ush 527,400 (US$350). As with agricultural income, the reported income from fishing may hive been exaggerated in anticipation of possible compensation for loss of income. Average income per household from business activities or formal sector employment, according to the baseline survey, is Ush 3.481 m (US$2,700). Other sources of incomne include rents and social benefits. The total average annual income per household in the project area is estimated at approximately Ush 8 m or US$5,360. However, income is inot distributed evenly among households in the project area. AES Nile Power 104 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Ilydropower Facility EMA Chtapter 3 Poverty Assessment The ACDI-VOCA study included a poverty assessment based on a 'simple wealth ranking' tecluiique. This resulted in a categorisation of households into rich, not-so-poor, poor, and very poor. Each category is accorded distinct characteristics based on ownership of property and ability to meet the necessities of life. For example the rich are characterised as: * Having over 30 acres (12 hectares) of land; * Owning ten cattle or more; * Having children in boarding schools; * Having a vehicle: * Owning a permanent house; and/or, - Owning a business. The very poor are characterised as: • Sleeping on banana fibre mats; - Beggars; * Having grass thatched huts with old iron sheet roofs that leak; * Having poor nutrition in the family; * Producing many children; * Having divorced parents; * During illness, relying on neighbours only to help: and/or. * Squatters, who do not own land. Out of 50 randomly selccted households three were classed as rich (6%), nineteen as not-so- poor (38%), eighteen as poor (36%) and ten as very poor (20%). AES Nile Power 105 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hlydropower Facilitv FIA Chapter 3 Expenditures, Savings and Credit The important categories of expenditure are education, food/household essentials, health 2are. farming, taxes, transport, credit and home building. The costs that are considered to imlpose hardships on a family are, in general order of importance: * education, acquiring land and health services; * marriage, death and transport requirements; * acquiring a household and having a first born child; and, * paying taxes and hosting visitors. People are able to save during the productive seasons of May to July and September to December. However savings are inadequate to address needs during the lean months of January to March when incomes are low and expenditures high. Any savings are normally used to cover anticipated costs. If more unexpected finaneial burdens, e.g., a death, occur during a period when income is high, the expense may be manageable but if it occurs during a low income period these costs may have a very negal ive impact on the household. In such cases, routine needs such as school fees or even money for food may be sacrificed. Affordable and reliable opportunities for saving and obtaining credit are limited. About 1)% of households have a bank account. Micro-Finance institutions are currently not playing an important role in the area. About a third of all households are in debt with the average debt being Ush 850,000 (US$565). Borrowing mainly takes place from friends and relatives rather than financial institutions. 3.4.4.3 Agriculture Farming Systems Agriculture is practised as a labour intensive, intercropping system with both cash crops a ld subsistence crops. The main cash crops grown today are coffee and some sugar cane whilst there has recently been extensive planting of vanilla. The main subsistence food crops grown are bananas, cassava, sweet potatoes, maize, beans, groundnuts, cocoyam, millet, sorghmn, peas, simsim. and yams. A range of horticultural crops is grown throughout the year including tomatoes, onions, cabbages, pepper, eggplants and carrots. AES 'ile Power 106 March, 2001 Bujagali Project 1Ivdropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Trees are planted for a wide range of reasons including: to demarcate plots: provide shade and windbreaks; to provide a source of fuel and building materials; to produce fruit for sale and household consumption; to provide fodder; and, to improve soil moisture and fertility. The main fruit trees are jackfruit, avocado, mango. oranges and pawpaw. Other trees include muvule (Chlorophora excelsea), mugaire, musambya (Markhaniia platvcalyx or Macadanzua lutea), Eucalyiptus spp., musisi (Aesopsis emini) and Leucaena spp. Few livestock are kept due primarily to a shortage of grazing land although wealthier families on larger plots tend to keep livestock. A few cattle are kept for milk although yields are low. Goats, turkeys and poultry are the main livestock kept, along with some pigs. During the initial consultations in 1998 the District Agricultural Officer stated the average size of agricultural holdings as 0.8 ha. Since that time there has been considerable plot sub- division in anticipation of the hydroelectric facility being constructed and landowners receiving compensation for their land. There is a clear subdivision of responsibilities between men and women with regard to farming. Women are responsible for food supply including planting, weeding, harvesting, collection of firewood and the preparation of meals as well as childcare, fetching water and household tasks. They generally do more work than men who are responsible for cash income including cash crops, trading and providing income from other activities. They clear the land and are responsible for building houses and looking after trees and animals. Despite the hard work, women generally do not own family land but merely have access to it. This has inhibited women's economic advancement by blocking avenues to credit schemes. Current Problems and Issues Land is being subdivided and production is being intensified. The number of plots into which a holding was traditionally subdivided was usually proportional to the size of the holding because the largest families tended to have the largest holdings. Over the last few years this pattern has changed and subdivision is now accelerating partly in anticipation of greater compensation from the Bujagali hydropower facility project. In his study of Budondo sub-county, Anderson (1994) considers the smaller holdings to be not only poorer but also less environmentally sustainable. He considers a holding of less than 0.5 ha to be below the threshold to support an average family. He concludes that continued AES ANile Power 107 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 subdivision is a threat to future economic sustainability and that other sources of income are required to support the population of the area. Other problems and constraints to production include: * Steep slopes, intense rainfall and soil types susceptible to soil erosion, * Low capital base and high costs of inputs; * Pests and plant diseases, especially in coffee and bananas; * Mechanisation not possible due to topography; * Lack of business planning and management skills; * Low prices for crops; i High transport costs and poor roads that become impassable during the rainy season; anid, - Lack of a co-operative approach, which could assist in bulk purchase of inputs, value added to crops and'or access to more lucrative markets. 3.4.4.4 Fisheries Importance of Fisheries in Uganda Fisheries are very important in Uganda's national economy and are based on the extensive and varied aquatic system that covers about 20% of the country's surface area. This sysl-cm comprises five major lakes (Victoria, Albert, Kyoga, Edward and George) and 160 sniall lakes in addition to rivers and swamps. Fish is still the cheapest source of high quality animnal protein in Uganda and provides over 50% of animal protein consumption. Fish is a major source of income especially for the rural poor, and this industry contributes greatly to povcrty eradication. Fish is an important export commodity: it is estimated that in 1996 US$45 million were eamed from fish exports, putting it next to coffee in export earnings (GDU statistics, 1998). The Ugandan fish export industry took a severe blow when importation by the EU countries was banned in March 1999 (on the grounds of hygiene, sanitation and the presence of pesticides in fishing waters). However, the EU resumed importation in August 2000. T he main entry points in Europe are Holland, Germany and Belgium in the north, and Greece in the south. Along with Spain, these countries represent the main EU consumer markets. AES Nile Power 108 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Virtually all fish produced in Uganda is from natural water bodies. The quantity of fish harvested in Ugandan waters increased from about 175.000 tonnes in 1985 to 276,000 tonnes in 1993, before declining to 213,000 tonnes in 1994 and remaining at about this level since then. The initial increase is attributed to increased catches of Nile perch following its establishment in Lake Victoria. A breakdown of fish catch by water body is provided in Table 3.18. It can be seen that Lakes Victoria and Kyoga provided 87% of the total Ugandan fish catch during the period 1990-1997. and that the whole Ugandan Nile system provided onlv 1.2% of the catch. Table 3.18: Fish Catch By Water Body 1990-1997 (x1000 Metric Tonnes) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 [Mean L. Victoria 119.9 124.7 129.7 134.9 103.0 103.0 106.4 106.8 117.8 L. Kyoga 94.9 98.7 102.6 106.7 80.2 80.2 80.6 80.1 86.5 L. Albert 19.5 20.2 21.6 21.8 16.4 16.4 21.9 19.1 19.0 L. Edward, L. 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.4 5.2 5.2 4.8 6.4 5.7 George & Kazinga Channel R. Nile 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 3.4 2.8 Other waters 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.0 Total 245.2 254.9 265.5 276 213.3 213.2 222 219.5 235.8 Source: Uganda Fisheries Department, cited in UNEP (I 999). Importance of Riverine Fisheries and Historical Perspective As shown in the table above, the River Nile produced only 1 .l% of the mean annual Ugandan fish catch during the period 1990-1997. There are few rivers in Uganda that support commercial fisheries apart from the Nile system, which includes the Victoria and Albert Niles, Aswa, Semuliki and Kagera Rivers. However, these large rivers offer ecological conditions for lacustrine, riverine and the riverine-lacustrine species. Other than the Albert Nile, riverine fisheries in most of Uganda are largely at subsistence level with fish being caught mainly for domestic consumption. However, commercial fisheries may be significant at the river mouth. For instance, there are large landings at Kyankole near Bukungu on Lake Kyoga where the Victoria Nile flows into Lake Kyoga. AES Nile Power 109 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility E1A Chapter 3 Methods of Fishing Artisanal fishing communities that depend on it as their source of food and livelihood dominate the fishery of the Victoria Nile. The fishing craft consist of planked canoes and. to a lesser degree, dugouts. The boats are V-shaped modified Ssese types, paddled with oars since very few people on Victoria Nile can afford to purchase outboard motors. Appel idix C.5 provides data on the type and number of fishing vessels recorded during survey; in February, April, July-August and October-November 2000. Perhaps not surprisingly, fis]hing activity is greatest in the reaches of the Nile that are remote from largc sets of rapids, e.g. between Bujagali and Kalagala Falls (Transect 2), and in the Namasagali area (Transect 4) The fishing gear used consist of gill nets ranging from 2]/2" to 8" stretch mesh size, seine .ilets and hooks and cast nets. Gill nets are the most commonly-used fishing gear, although y eld data presented in Appendix C.5 indicate that long-lines are more effective. Different fishing methods are used depending on the target species. Gill nets are sel in shallow marginal waters or left to drift. Long lines target Lates niloticus, Protopterus spp and Clarias spp, while traps and basket fishing are exclusively used in shallow waters to catch Proteopterus, Clarias and other slow-water fish species. Fisheries on some of the rivers in Uganda have declined due to use of destructive fishing gear and practices. These include use of small mesh gill nets that crop immature fish, beach sei:les and traps, especially at the mouths of rivers. For instance, the fishery of Labeo victoria'ius which formed the most important riverine fishery on the rivers of the Victoria lake basin, has been destroyed due to intensive gill netting and basket trapping at the mouths of rivers at the time when fish migrate from lake to river to breed. Other species like Barbus spp. ;:nd Alestes spp. have been similarly affected. Commercially-Important Species The contribution of the 13 most commercially-important species to the total Ugandan f ish catch, and to the catch of the River Nile, is shown in Table 3.19. AES Nile Power 110 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facilih EIA Chapter 3 Table 3.19: Relative Importance Of Fish Species In Total UFgandan Catch And River Nile Catch. 1994 Species Contribution to total Nile fishery (xlOOO Contribution to Nile Ugandan fishery (%) metric tonnes) fishery (%) Tilapiines 36.29 107.3 29.3 Nile perch 45.94 54.3 14.9 Rastrineobola 5.61 0 0 argentea Bagrus docmac 1.98 33 9.0 Clarias gariepinus 0.88 47 12.9 Protopterus 2.95 0 0 aethiopicus Barbius altianalis 0.37 27.7 7.6 Hvdrocynus spp. 4.22 0 0 Mormyrids 0.70 0 0 Alestes spp. 1.02 55 15.1 Labeo victoriae 0.01 27.1 7.4 Synodontis 0.01 13.5 3.7 afrofischeri Total 99.98 364.9 99.9 Source: UNEP, 1999 Fisheries of the Upper Victoria Nile Four quarterly surveys carried out by FIRRI during 2000 (summarised in Appendix C.l) indicate that the most important commercial fish species in the Upper Victoria Nile are the introduced Nile perch and Nile tilapia. The other main commercially-important species are MlormYrus kannume, Gnazhonemus longibarbis, Barbus altianalis, Baggrus docmac and Tilapia zillii. Six of these species are included in the list of keystone species as identified during the FIRRI studies, and previously described. The data in Appendix C.5 (summarised in Table 3.20 below) indicate that the fishery in the upper 65 km of the Victoria Nile supports 50-90 boats and approximately 150-200 full time jobs, depending on the season. In monetary terms, the value of the fishery is estimated at between USh 4.02 million/month (April 2000) and USh 10.66 million/month (July-August 2000), with the lower figures being largely attributable to part-time fishermen returning to the fields to work during the rainy season (Appendix C.5). At an exchange rate of USh 1500: USD 1, this equates to total revenue of between USD 2680 in April 2000 and USD 7106 in July- August. Using the conservative (upper limit) figure of 150 full time jobs, this equates to an annual income per full time person in fishery-related employment of approximately USD 400. AES Nile Power 111 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hiydropower Facilit A EIA Chiapter 3 Table 3.20: Summary Data For Fisheries Revenue From The Upper Victoria Nile Location Total February Total April Total July- Total 2000 revenue 2000 revenue August 2000 November 21 00 (million USh) (million USh) (million UISh) (million USII) Tranisect 1: Kalange 2.37 1.72 2.31 1.49 to Makwanzi Transect 2: Buvala to 4.58 0.47 7.93 3.28 KikubanIuLe. Transect 3: Matumu 0.22 0.09 0 0 to Kirindi Transect 4: 0.88 1.74 0.42 2.80 Naamasagali to Bunvamira TOTAL 8.05 4.02 10.66 7.57 Data from FIRRI 2000a: 2000h. 2000c, 2000d It should be noted that the Uganda Fisheries Master Plan Study (Ministry of Agricult ire, Animal Industry and Fisheries) states that average income for full-time fishernen in Uga ,da is circa USD 280 or USh 350,000 per annum, which accords well with the estimate for the Bujagali area of USD 400 per annum. 3.4.5 Tourism The site of the Bujagali hydropower facility is 9 km downstream of the "source of the Nile" (i.e. where Lake Victoria empties into the Victoria Nile). Due to the history and scenic topography of the area., it is attractive to tourists, especially to white water rafters who ccme to take advantage of the sequence of rapids on the upper reaches of the Victoria Nile. 3 4.5. 1 WZhite Water Rafting Operations: General The Government of Uganda, via the Uganda Tourist Board, supports the development and operation of white water rafting (WWR) in Uganda. The current Government policy is one of product and market diversification, in which eco-tourism (including WWR) is a priority. Aulo (1999) reports that the three main eco-tourism destinations in Uganda are the western mountains (for gorilla viewing), Murchison Falls National Park (see Figure 1.1.) and the "source of the Nile" area. Interviews held with the Minister of Tourism, Trade and Indus ry and the Resident District Commissioner in 1998 (Duncan Garrick Intermational Ltd., 19(l8) indicated that the administration of Jinja District and the Government of Uganda acknowledge the value and positive impacts of WWR, but recognise the need for increased power generation. AES Nile Power 112 Mlarch, 20691 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilin EIA Chapter 3 Two companies are operating WWR excursions at Bujagali: Adrift and Nile River Explorers (NRE). The rapids on which Adrift base their one-day WWR excursions, and the class assigned to each set of rapids is given in Table 3.21. The one-day excursions offered by NRE use most of the same rapids as those used by Adrift. These companies also market a two-day trip, but no revenue has been reported. Rapids are classified based on the degree of danger and 'thrill', on a scale of 1 to 6, with class 6 being a vertical drop and tnsafe for commercial rafting operations. Locations of the rapids are shown on Figure 3.7. Three of the four class 5 rapids (considered the most thrilling) are downstream of the Bujagali dam site. Table 3.21: Rapids Used by Adrift (U) Ltd for One-Day Rafting Excursions No. (see Figure ) Name Class 1 Donald 3 2 Bujagali 4-5* 3 Easy Rider 34* 4 Total Gunga 5 5 Sibling Rivalry 2 6 Big Brother 4 7 "Whee!" rapids 2 8 Overtime 5 9 Retrospect 4-5* 10 Babuga Falls 4 11 The Bad Place (Kalagala) 5 12 The Ugly Sisters 5 depending on river flow Source: M Barnett, Adrift (U) Ltd., 1998. Interviews conducted with rafters suggest that many white water rafters are primarily adventure and overland tourists, visiting Uganda to view gorillas at the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and other game parks. In such cases. Jinja represents a convenient stopping point for tours, where WWR is available as an optional activity. Adrift and Nile River Explorers suggest, however, that WWR is the primary reason for visiting Uganda. 3.4.5.2 Adrift (Uganda) Ltd Operations Adrift commenced its WWR operations in July 1996. In the 1997 calendar year the company reported carrying 3,315 clients. By the end of 2000, the company was carying an estimated 7,000 clients for its all-day rafting trips. Refer to Table 3.22. AES Nile Power 113 March, 2001 Bu jagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Clawpier 3 Table 3.22: WWR Customer Numbers Reported by Adrift (U) Ltd 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 No. of 490 3315 2776' 7000 7000 Clients/Year Trip Fee N/A N/A US $95 US S95 US $95 Estimated N/A US $250,000 US $265,000 US S700,000 US S700.000 Income in USD Description of N/A N/A N/A Full day, Full day, Bujagali to Trips Bujagali to Itanda, 12 rapids Itanda, 12 over 25 km rap]ids over 25 km_n Average No. N/A 24 24 18 18 of Clients/Day No. of Boats in N/A 7 7 7 7 Operation No. of People N/A 8 expats, 50 8 expats, 50 6 expats, 80 6 expats, 80 local Employed local local local Performance N/A N/A N/A Stable. Had started to pic . of Business/ Foreign up but Ebola Contraints tourists fear epidemic kept for safety due business to 1999 to Bwindi levels. Still fear Cf massacre insecurity within country Total to the end of iily. Source: Adrift (U) Ltd . personal communication with M Bamett in 1998 and Mehul Kanani, General Manager. 2001. Adrift's estimate of its first year tumover was in the order of US $250,000. After allowing for incremental tourist expenditure on accommodation, meals, transport and food, this figure .vas estimated to increase to about US $300,000 (Director of Adrift, pers. Comm., 1998). Adrift estimated their investment at around US $70,000 in set-up costs, which cov ers equipment (including 7 boats), vehicles, infrastructure and promotion. A total of 6 expatriate guides are involved in the operation. Revenue is also generated from the sale of T-shirts and videos. Figures provided by the companies indicate that their initial investments have be.~en fully recovered. Adrift has also operated in Zimbabwe since 1992 although their operation is small there in comparison with other companies. AES IVile Power 114 Mllarch, 26010 t #UIIC c( Grade x Nabuganvi * (Two day finish point) Weleba Malalu £ st Africa Nile Special u Shaker Hair of the Dog Overnight camping island Novocaine One Day finish point Itanda (The Bad Place}* Kangulumira * Bubuto Retrospect The Big Four nOvertime (Huge Grade 5 Rapids) Lunch Isand Point Break Silverback g Brother Sibling Rival Total Gunga l ~~~~~~~~~~~Easy Rd\Buiagali Falls ei _ 5;ff~~~~~~atins! start mont , j' \* Ia 2 10 ttLOMETNES o- ';2 .'!.5'1 Note: Two of the rapids run by Adrift do not show on this map: 'Donald" (upstream of "Bujagali Falls") and "The Ugly Sisters" (downstream of "The Bad Place") Source: Brochure produced byAdrift U Ltd. Project Name T BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH. 2001 H 3 Figure 3.7 FACILITY EIA _ FBWNILE Prepared for: LOCATION OF RAPIDS A M AES NILE POWER Bujagali Project Hydr-opower Facility EIA Chapter 3 3.4.5.3 Nile River Explorers Lid (NRE) Operalions Nile River Explorers provided comprehensive statistics on customer numbers and expenditure for its operations in 1999 and 2000. but was unable to do so for its first 3 years of operation (1996 to 1998). Table 3.23 provides a summary of the company's operations. Table 3.23: WWR Customer Numbers Reported by Nile River Explorers 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 No. of N/A Estimated Estimat 2,637 2,988 Clients/Year at 15-20% ed at less than 15-20% Adrift less than Adrift Trip Fee N/A N/A US$ 65 US $65 US $65 Estimated N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Income in USD Description of 5 hour trips from 5 hour trips from Trips base of Owen Falls base of Owen Falls to Kibibi, 8 rapids to Kibibi, 8 rapids over 18 km over 18 kmn Average No. of N/A N/A 10 13 13 Clients/Day Number of N/A 3 3 5 5 Boats in Operation Number of N/A N/A 7 4 expats, 25 locals 4 expats, 25 locals People expats, Employed 2 full- time local staff Perforrmance of Stable Good growth over Business/ previous year, esp. Contraints during festive seasons. Additional Activities: - Kayaking Average of 40 Same as 1999 school students/month, USD 40/ lesson 50 persons/mth Same as 1999 - Village walks USD 5/person' A local gulde is used. 4000 Ush goes to NRE while the balance of the money goes to the village visited. Souirce- John Dahl, Director of Nile River Explorers. personal communication in 1998 and 2001. AES Aile Power 117 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 NRE operates its own hostel in Jinja, the 'Explorers Backpackers Hostel', which can accommodate up to 60 guests, but on average has 20 persons per night (Director, pers. Comm., 2001). Bed charges are US $5 per person per night. NRE has constructed 6 bandas at the Bujagali campsite where the rafters begin their trip. The bandas cost US $15 per light for a double. On average, the bandas are occupied 60 nights per month, producing an inm ome of US $900 per month (NRE, pers. Comm. 2001). NRE report that they consider their major competition to be the Zambezi River, rather than Adrift. The company also successfully operates a sunset cruise on Lake Victoria. NRE considers a major sales attribute of Bujagali to be its location close to the main road trom Nairobi to Bwindi in the west of the country, which perrnits easy stopovers. 3.4 .5.4 WWR Comipanies' Local/Expatriate Emplovees Adrift estimates that some 80 local employees are involved in their operations. These include (trainee) guides and safety kayak personnel; truck drivers (transfers to river embarkation site); loaders/packers for equipment; catering assistants and office assistants. NRE offers similar job opportunities and positions for 25 local employees. In total, approximately 105 direct local jobs were available in 2000 although the majority of tilese were part-time. Informal interviews with local staff indicated that staff are in fact employed on a freelance 'as needed' basis and paid between US $5-10 per day. These rates of pa) are considered good to excellent by locals. 3.4.5.5 Capacity .4nalysis: Projections of TIR Potential Adrift states in its formnal documentation (1998) that it operates rafting trips on the Bujagali Falls section of the river, 5-6 times a week. Maximum capacities are stated as 20,440 per year (7 departures per day x 8 customers = 56 customers per day x 365 days per yea r = 20,440 customers per annum). However, interviews canied out in 1998 with Adnift suggested that, for operational reasons (back-up rafts, spacing of rafts, group size etc.), a maximum operation of 3 departures per day is more realistic. This translates into a maxin um capacity of 8,760 customers per unnumn. During the 12 month period August 1997 to . uly 1998 the actual number of clients was reported to be 4,857 (Duncan Garrick International Ltd., 1998). During an interview in early 2001, the director estimated that the company -]ad 7,000 clients in both 1999 and 2000 (pers. Comm., 2001). AFS Nile Power 118 March, 2 i01 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 3.4.5.6 Quantification ofExisting Demand - WUR Market in Uganda It is estimated that the total demand in 1998 was in the range 7000-8000 persons per annum, which includes the clients of Adrift and Nile River Explorers. The total gross direct value of WWR was therefore in the range of US $600,000-650,000 at 1997/98 prices (Duncan Garrick, 1998). By 2000, the amount of gross revenue generated by fees paid by rafters was estimated as US $486,000, based on 6,000 rafters per year, with 35% paying US $65 for a half-day trip and 65% paying US $90 for a full-day trip. Of the US $486,000 gross revenue generated, 80% or US $388,800 was estimated as being invested in the Ugandan economy (Linaweaver, 2001). The growth in vWWR numbers experienced to date may not necessarily continue in the future. Visitor numbers to Uganda are influenced by many factors including, inter alia, the source market characteristics, the prevailing image of the destination (political stability, tourist security), economic conditions in the source markets and current trends, currency values in the generating markets, air travel and other access costs (Duncan Garrick International Ltd., 1998). 3.4.5.7 Alternative WWVR Locations in Uganda Adrift has had a commercial multi-day operation planned for Murchison Falls since it was first successfully descended by Adrift in 1996. However, this section of the river has not been run as of the end of 2000. Adrift anticipates that a further exploratory trip will be required before commercial trips could commence. Furthermore, rafting cannot be actively encouraged in the Murchison area except for clients who wish to book an 'extreme adventure'. Adrift will not accept novice white water rafters for such expeditions, which incur a high degree of difficulty. Rapids in Murchison National Park are consistently 'extreme grade 5' and there is an added and significant danger from aggressive, large Nile crocodiles as wvell as a significant number of hippopotami in this section of the river. Adrift considers it unlikely that the planned Murchison trips will proceed due to a number of factors including the short season (only a few months a year because of water levels and velocity) when departures might be considered. AES .Vile Power 119 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EL4 Chapter 3 3.4.5.8 Bujagali Falls Picnic Site This site is located on the east bank of the Nile overlooking Bujagali Falls (refer to Figure 3.6). It includes land high above the Nile River valley as well as gently sloping areas adong the water's edge where a number of huts providing refreshments and souvenirs have been constructed. The following information regarding the site is based on observations and interviews (Duncan Garrick Intemational Ltd., 1998). The District Council owns the land. The site is under an annual local authority lease to a private individual. Rent is purported (unsubstantiated) to be US $2,000 per month. It was estimated in 1998 that the site attracted some 350 admissions during the week and 350 each weekend, with national holidays attracting greater numbers. As a result it attracts a total of about 35-40,000 admissions per annum. Admission rates are USh 1,000 per person for local people and US $1 for foreign tourists. Total admission revenues are in the range US S35-40,000. Additional revenue., are generated by the sale of drinks and other items. Approximately ten local staff work at the site. The total revenue from the site is estimated at US $60-70,000 with total costs in the order of US $30,000, leaving a gross benefit/profit of US S30-40,000 per annum. Overland tour operators also use the site for camping. These companies are generally European, North American or Australasian and operate adventure tours, often across Africa, with WWlR at Bujagali an optional excursion. These companies benefit from commissions paid to then] by the WWR companies. 3.4.5.9 Nile River Resort The Nile River Resort is a new hotel constructed by TRMP/MADA Holdings (U) Lt,1, a Kenvan- and Jinja-based group. Refer to Figure 3.6. This high quality hotel is located close to Bujagali Falls, on the east bank, with views of the Owen Falls dam and Owen F'alls Extension Project to the south and open countryside to the north. There are a total of 92 rooms in 46 units. Rooms are constructed in villa style buildings, each containing two rooms. In 1998, during a visit to the resort, the company reported that the total development cost Aas estimated at US $5.5-6.0 million. A 'rack rate' (normal, non-discounted, full tariff, room rate) of US $65-70 was envisaged, with high annual rates of occupancy required to gencrale a sufficient return on investment. AES Nile Power 120 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 3.4.5.10 Kyabirwa Nature Resort This site is to the north of Bujagali Falls, above the Nile River valley on the east bank, with views to Bujagali Falls to the south and open countryside to the north. Refer to Figure 3.6. The site was acquired privately in 1997/8 for tourism and recreation activities and was selected in the full knowledge of the intended Bujagali Project (Duncan Garrick International Ltd.. 1998). The site is to be developed with water slides, swimming facilities, camping, boating and walks, for local people and overland tourists. A few overnight hostel-style rooms may be made available at US $10 per person. It is intended that once the Bujagali hydropower project is completed, water slides would be simply relocated to higher ground. Although the developer suggested in 1998 that work would commence that September, no development had taken place as of December 2000. The developer anticipatcd that.entrance charges will be similar to current charges at Bujagali Picnic Site: USh 1,000 per person for locals and US $1 per person for foreign visitors. He further anticipated that total visits would be in the range of 50-100,000 per annum, resulting in income in the range of US $50-100,000 (Duncan Garrick, 1998). 3.4.6 Transportation 3.4.6.1 Roads The existing road system within the project area is shown schematically in Figure 3.8. A main trunk road links Kampala with Nairobi, crossing the Victoria Nile via the Owen Falls Dam and passing just north of Jinja. Site access will be achieved from two roads that run parallel to the Victoria Nile on each bank. A newly constructed road on the west bank will be permanent, while a newly constructed road on the east bank will be temporary only and used to access the east embankment during construction and for occasional inspections. The east bank road links Jinja with Kamuli, passing through Ivunamba. The west bank road links Jinja with Kavunga via Njeru and Kikubamutwe. Settlements straddle these roads at intermittent intervals. These roads intersect with the Kampala to Nairobi road at two major junctions. The intersection on the east bank is a 4 arm roundabout, whilst that on the west bank is a large gyratory on which priority rules ('right of way') apply, the Kampala to Nairobi route being the major ann. A public transport stop / taxi rank is situated within the junction. Other vehicles also park in the vicinity. AES Nile Power 121 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit, EA Clhapter 3 Access to the Kampala to Nairobi trunk road can also be achieved at a large roundabout some 2 km to the east of the Jinja Roundabout. This junction also serves the rail terminal and depots at Jinja. Existing Road and Traffic Conditions The existing road conditions, traffic flow and speed estimates on the main road networik are shown in Tables 3.24 and 3.25. Table 3.24 shows independent 12 hour traffic data coll:cted during 1998. The average vehicle composition around the network is contained in Table 2-.25. All surrounding roads are of single carriageway standard. With the exception of the Jinmja to Ivunamba (east bank) road, the road system has tarmac surfaces of moderate to good qumlity. With regards to the Jinja to Ivunamba road., the Jinja to Buwenda section has a tarmac sui face but it is now weathered and has deteriorated to a poor quality surface. Footways ranging from Im to 2 m have been created on grass verges alongside most roads, but due to constant use the grass surfaces have mostly been eroded exposing the underl7ging soil strata. Pedestrians also frequently use the road pavement. This increases during the wet season when footway surfaces convert to mud. There are significant levels of pedal cycle use, particularly on the Jinja - Ivunamba road in the east bank (nearly 70% pedal cycles). Other traffic is mostly public transport vehicles and goods vehicles. The level of personal car usage is relatively small. The Kampala to Nairobi road is the most heavily trafficked with a high proportion of heavy goods vehicles, public transport vehicles and pedal cycles. Traffic flow to and from Jinja town is tidal. The majority of local traffic (from Ivunamba and Kikubamutwe for example) during the morning is bound towards Jinja and vice-versa du.ing the evening. The average 12-hour count at Buwenda is 1460 vehicles. A comparison with morning and peak period counts suggests a "total peak period to 12-hour count" conversion factor of 3 65. This factor has been used in estimating current all day 12-hour traffic for the road netw Drk within the study area. Traffic generated by on-going works at the Owen Falls Extension Project is included in the figures provided in the Tables. It is assumed that this tra"fic constitutes 1 0% of existing traffic movements. AES A'ie Power 122 March, 2001 >;trZ To Nairobi/Mombasa Terminal Roundabout Jinja oundabout_JINJA .XTown ~Centrej Temporary site access road PROJECT SITE __ _ _Njeru Permanent site access road gyratory Kikubamutwe To Kampala Source: WS Atkins, 1999 Project Name: MACH 201_50_ BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G503 H73 Figure 3.8 FACILITY EIA O WFPreared for: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE ROAD AES NILE POWER NETWORK AROUND THE PROJECT SITE Bujagali Project Hlydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 The main problems with the system are that road marlings and street lighting are absent on miost roads and traffic junctions, In addition, the public minibuses which run along both banks stop on the carriageway whilst passengers board, posing accident n'sks. Table 3.24: Existing Road and Traffic Conditions Road/ Section Road Condition' Traffic Junction (Approx. Width (m) Pavement Footway Quality3 AM Peak2 PM Peak2 Average Length, Pavement! Surface Surface Period -2 Period -2 Speed Km) Footwav hrs hrs (kph) (estimated (vehlPCU) (veh/PCtU) Capacity)5 Kampala - Njeru - Jinja 10/1-1 i'` tarmac Grass/soi Good 1200 2004 30 Nairobi (2 km) (15,000) 1 Jinja RO - IO 01-1 ¼ /2 tarmac Grass/soi Good 4004 4004 30 Terminal (]5,000) I RO (2 kin) Jinja - Jinja Towvn 10/1-1'/2 tarmac Grass/soi Good 5004 50O4 Ivunamba Centre to (15,000) l "Jinja RO" ((2¼'2 km) Jinja RO - 5-8i1-1 tarmac Grass,'soi Poor 200o 2004 60 Buwenda (7-10.000) (41,2 kn) Buwenda - 5-8/1 - 192 murram Grass Moderat 199/11l 197/1 10 60 Ivunamba (2 (7-10,000) e kmn) Jinja to Jinja - Njeru 10/1- 1/2 tarnac Grass Good 80 Kikubamut RO (2 km) (15,000) we Njeru- 6-8/1-1'/2 Grass Good 114/117 113/119 80 Kikubamutw (8-10,000) e-lvunamba (9 krn) Jinja tarmac Grass Good 2078i2017 2139/2192 Roundabout Jinja tarmac Grass Good ? Terminal RO Njeru tarmac Grass Good 1315/1349 1379/1639 Gyratory I I Estimates based on 'total' junction counts at Jinja Roundabout, Njeru. Ivunamba and Kikubamutwe. Includes 'Owen Extension Works" traffic, nominally taken as 10% of all traffic. PCU= passenger car unit , visual assessment only. 2 moming peak period: 0730 - 0930; aftemoon peak period: 1700-1900 3good - no potholes; moderate - few potholes, poor - significant number of potholes 4eStimates taken from roundabout survey, vehicles only. 5estimated 2-way capacity in vehicles/]2 hr day. All roads are single-carrageway Source: WS Atkins traffic surveys, 1 998. AES Nile Power 125 March, 2001 Bujagali Project IHydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 Table 3.25: Existing Vehicle Composition Road % Cars Motor-Cycles Buses/laxi Pedal HGV (Public Cycles 'Fransport) Kampala- 19 4 26 35 17 Nairobi Jinja- 7 7 14 69 4 Ivunamba Jinja- 9 6 31 40 13 Kl'kubam-utwe HGV = Heavv Goods Vehicle SoLuices WS Atkins traffic surveys. 1998. 3.4.6.2 Rail There is a single rail track between Jinja and Kampala extending eastwards to Kenya. lhis caters for freight traffic only and there are no passenger services. Estimates of freight tn.ffic between 1994 and 1996 are contained in Appendix C.7 and indicate a high volume of fre ight traffic. All delivery of materials and equipment from Mombasa to Jinja will be by rail, wvith the exception of abnormal loads, i.e., turbines, which will be transported by road. 3.4.6.3 A ir The Jinja air strip is located close to the Jinja to Ivunamba road on the east bank. This is mainly used by a local flying club and occasionally by private light aircraft. 3.5 Cultural Property The construction of the Bujagali dam, and especially its resultant reservoir, will affect people's individual cultural properties as well as culturally significant aspects at the community level. As defined by the United Nations, "cultural property" includes sites having archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, and unique natural values. Cultural property thus encompasses both remains left by previous human inhabitants (for examp le, shrines) and unique natural environmnental features such as waterfalls. Comprehensive studies of the culture and traditional religions of the area were undertalken and consultations held to: obtain baseline data; assess the impact of the project; and, facilitate the design of mitigation measures. Full details are given in the Cultural Property Management AES Nile Power 126 March, 2(J01 Bujaguli Project Hydropower Facility E1A Chapter 3 Plan, which forms Part II of the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP). T'he RCDAP forms a separate document and is part of this EIA. Possible impacts and mitigation measures are addressed in detail in Section 7.3.9 of this document. Uganda is a multicultural society with several ethnic groups. The southern reach of the Victoria Nile, i.e., south of Lake Kyoga, is made up entirely of people of Bantu descent (Fountain Publishers Ltd., 1999). The baseline socio-economic survey identified 22 ethnic groups in the project area as defined in the RAP. The Basoga are dominant on both riverbanks although there are significant numbers of Baganda, particularly on the west bank. Other significant groups are the Basamya, Teso, Banyole., Bagwere, Bagisu and Badama. 3.5.1 Spiritual Values In recent years there has been a new sense of cultural pride and a renewed interest in traditional culture, particularly on the east bank. The Basoga cultural King 'Kyabazinga' was inaugurated in 1997. There is a dominance of Basoga traditions and beliefs on the east bank and Baganda traditions and beliefs on the west bank. Along the Victoria Nile, Luganda (west of the river) and Lusoga (east of the river) are the languages that predominate south of Lake Kyoga. These languages are very similar to one another and are mutually understandable. Religious beliefs are divided in Uganda: 33% are Roman Catholic, 33% are Protestant, 16% are Muslim, and 18% practice indigenous beliefs (CIA, 1999). Withiin the study area, 30% of households are Catholic, 30% are Protestant, 34% are Muslim and 6% practice other beliefs (Resettlement Action Plan). Traditional religious beliefs remain important in the area. The belief is that spirits are in control of all aspects of life. The spirits are feared and respected but can be manipulated by those who interact with them. Spirits are often appeased through sacrifices. Traditional religion is practised through diviners, caretakers, interpreters, traditional doctors and herbalists who interact with the spirits. Charges are made for these services and gifts are also often given and received. Spiritual beliefs exist at different levels - namely at the personal / household level and at the community level. At the household level, the spirits of ancestors are often honoured at family AES lile Power 127 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 3 shrines. These can be relocated, if the household moves, through carrying out traditional ceremonies to transfer and settle the spirits. At the wider community level, traditional beliefs and customs are associated with ecolo tical features like rapids, trees and boulders. Each has a resident spirit that is worship:ped, respected and feared. These attitudes arc manifested through rituals, sacnfices and observation of taboos. There are a number of recognised dangers associated with brea ing taboos or disturbing the spirit world including death, famine, sickness, drought, machilery breaking down, injury, etc. A number of such sites will be affected by the construction ol' the project and by inundation as shown on Figure 3.9. The 'homes' of the spirits can howeve'r be moved througlh carrying out certain rituals and ceremonies to transfer and settle the spirits. Details on the moving of spirits are provided in the Cultural Property Management Plan (CPMP). The CPMP forms part of the Resettlement and Community Development Ac:ion Plan, which is under separate cover and forms part of this EIA. 3.5.2 Archaeological Values Consultations were held with the Commissioner for Antiquities and Museums, Ministn. of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (pers. Comm., 1998). Records held by the Uganda Museum (Kampala) indicate that the nearest historical sites to the project area are a modern (post 1862) site at Urondaganyi approxilmately 20 km downstream of Bujagali and an e.rly iron-age site located near the railway 8 km north-east of Jinja. However, it should be noted that the proximity of the site to water, plant and fish resources means that the site is likel) to have been inhabited for thousands of years. It is therefore possible that archaeologi zal remains will be discovered during excavation. A qualified archaeologist will walk the area of permanent and temporary land take after the EIA has been approved and prior to construction taking place, to assess the potential f'or archaeological finds within the area. If archaeological sites are located, including during construction, mitigative measures will be implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities. Refer to Section 7.3.9.3 for details. AES Nile Power 128 March, 20i1 : ~- ; ,! Buyala . Kyabirwa Village Village I-I Na z Bujagali VillagerI Picnic Site,' - - >- * R~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IL/E \s Buj'agayi/)gg 6umiei * _ ' Falls - I~sland~ _ N |...: (_ - - ' ----*4 *o * ,Buioba ' 4h~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~4 Kikubamutwe| < l', . Village Namiia w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- .Vdlage - '~Mai''R 1 an MaRFoadj to Kayu nYUfga Shrine/Shrines ' *--- RDad/track * Big tree where spirits reside Streams * Islands 0i Fire place Stones where spirits reside ŽjV Herbs Burial grounds 4 Forest Notes: Locations of cultural sites are approximate and indicative rr; ,,+ . Source: WS Atkins ( 1999) * Symbol indicates single or in some cases, mulltiple Shrines. b w; t Project Name: --I BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MAROH, 2001 G0503_H_64 Figure 3.9 NILE Prepared for: FACILITY EIA L INDICATIVE PLAN SHOWING SITES L OWER AES NILE POWER OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE r _____ ____ ~~~~~~~(COMMUNITY LEVEL)__ Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 4. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.1 Need for New Power in Uganda The need for power in Uganda is well documented. Studies by Kennedy and Donkin (1997), EdF (1998) and Acres (1999) all report a deficit in electricity supply in the country, a situation that is predicted to grow worse. As presented in Chapter 1, less than 6% of Uganda's population have access to electricity in their homes (this figure is less than 1% for people living in rural areas) and, of those that do, many cxpcrience "load-shedding" blackouts on a recurrent, if not daily, basis. Uganda's economy has been seriously affected by the insufficient supply of electricity, as shown in Figure 4.1. Businesses lose an estimated 90 working days each year due to power cuts and load shedding, hampering Uganda's economic growth by approximately 2% per annum (Ugandan Investment Authority, 1999). Overall investment in Uganda has declined in real terms by over US $150 million dollars in the past five years. When surveyed as to why this decline has occurred, current UJgandan business operators and potential investors advised that access to electricity is the single, largest infrastructural constraint to Uganda's economic development (UIA, 1999). They also advised that this problem has increased in severity from 1994 -1998 (see Figure 4.1). Present domestic demand for electricity is growing at a rate of 7-8% per annum (Electricite de France, 2000; Mubiru, 1999). The latest load forecasts by EdF (2000) estimate that by 2020, 783 MW of capacity will be required to mcet demand. At present, there is only 260 MW of committed generation potential in the country. The 250 MW of firm energy that the Bujagali project could provide to the Uganda national network would significantly decrease the gap between projected supply and demand over the next twenty years. Within Uganda's borders, the Nile is capable of generating up to 2000 MW of hydroelectric power (Dribidu, 1999). Despite this potential, Uganda's pnrmary hydropower development is the 180 MW station located at Owen Falls, a power station originally commissioned in 1954. A further hydropower development, known as the "Owen Falls Extension Project (OFEP)," is also under construction (see inset of Figure 1.1). Two 40 MW turbines, the first phase of the OFEP, came on line in June and August 2000, respectively. It is believed, however, that this 80 MW capacity will be consumed by present unmet demand (Acres, 1999; UEB, 2000). AES Nile Ponwer 131 March, 2001 Bujagali Project hI dropower Fadciiti EIA Chapter 4 There is also a significant technical debate (Acres, 1 999b; Dribidu, 1999) on the hydrology of the Victoria Nile at the Owen Falls location and the amount of base load electricity thal can be produced there. Further electrical generation projects, apart from OFEP, are still need.d to meet the growing demand for electricity in Uganda and to support Uganda's econ imic development. The Government of lUganda (GoU) has also identified electricity generation as a priority in its poverty alleviation programme (Turvahikaho, 2000). Apart from the need for electricity within Uganda, several of its neighbouring countries are also experiencing energy deficits. Rwanda, Tanzania and Kenya - countries connected tc the Ugandan national network - are all energy-deficient countries at present and need to imrDort electricity to meet domestic demand (U.S. Department of Energy, 2000). ESMAP (1'.(99) reports that rural electrification has been very successful in Kenya, using prmariy s:lar photovoltaic technology to off-grid customers. This does not, however, address the issu. of energy deficits to the grid-fed urban areas of Nairobi and Mombasa in Kenya. The Bujagali project, in its first five to ten years, would provide more electricity to the Ugandan national network than the domestic electricity demand in Uganda forecasted by EdF (2000). The surplus energy from the Bujagali project that is not needed in Uganda could be exported by UEB to Uganda's neighbours to assist in meeting their energy demands and provide valuable foreign exchange earnings to Uganda at the same time. 4.2 Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives 4.2.1 Alternative Generation Technologies Given the large, and growing, gap between electricity supply and demand in Ugan.ia, electricity generation alternatives have been examined and prioritised for the count ry. Kennedy and Donkin (1997), EdF (1998), Acres International (1999) and ESMAP (1999) have all prepared studies of this nature over 20-year planning horizons for Uganda. Thuse alternatives for the next 20 years in Uganda include: * wind-generated electricity; * geothermal electricity; * solar-generated electnrcity; * small scale hydroelectric development; * co-generation facilities; AES Nile Power 132 M1arch, 200(1 Planned vs Actual Investment (million US$) 1000 _Planned 900 - Investment 800 Actual _Investment 700 600 - - __ 500--LF_ 300 200 ____ 100 0 cN CO q)L ~0 Nl 0 a , m o a) a, a, a, a Infrastructure Constraints to Ugandan Firms, 1998 Electricity Telephone ~~~I I ..I I .... 11 Quality of Roads Waste Disposal Rail _ 998 Ports/Shipping 1994 Water Supply Air Transport 0 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Severity (1=No obstacle, 3=Moderate, 5=Severe) Source: Ugandan Investment Authority (1 999) Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER 2001 Go ure 4.1 FACILITY EIA Ift iNo_E| -Prepared for: ECONOMIC NEED FOR ELECTRICITY Ir____l AES NILE POWER PROVISION IN UGANDA Bujagali Project Hvdropower Faciity- EIA Clhapter 4 * biomass-generated electricity; * thernal power plants; * large scale hydroelectric development: and. * demand management measures which reduce the need for the above-noted types of projects and bring more efficiency to the national system. The general conclusions from the evaluation of these generation alternatives from these reports were: * there is little potential for wind-generated electricity, especially to contribute to the national network, as Uganda is not favoured with a windy climate (Mubiru, 1999; ESMAP, 1999). Wind can be used to recharge batteries, a significant source of electricity for rural, off-grid people in Uganda; * geothermal energy resources are extensive in Uganda - up to 450 MW of potential - but are largely unexplored at present (Acres, 1999). Exploration should continue in the country, but cannot realistically be expected to contribute to the national network in the next ten years; - there is certainly a place for solar, small hydro and biomass generation technologies to be explored and exploited over the next twenty years in Uganda. These technologies are particularly applicable to off-grid customers, contributing as much as 70 MW to rural electrification over the next ten years (ESMAP, 1999; Sanghvi, 1999). The potential for solar power as a significant provider to the national network, however, is low due to its comparatively high kW/h purchase price (Acres, 1999; Karekaho, 1999). Small hydro power and biomass sources of electricity (especially bagasse, the plant residue produced from sugar extraction) collectively contribute 10 MW of electricity to the national network presently and have the potential of contributing up to 20 MW more (ESMAP, 1999). This is not enough, however, to satisfy the large, and growing, unmet demand for electricity in the country, especially in urban centres; * demand management measures, particularly improvements to the country's failing distribution infrastructure, should be undertaken immediately to return as much as 30 MW to the Ugandan national network which is presently being lost (Acres, 1999); and, AES Nile Power 135 March, 2001 Bajagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 thermal generation is an option to produce the required e]ectricity to satisfy Uga:lda's unmet demand. However, there are no available domestic sources of hydrocarbons (coal, oil, natural gas) presently which can be exploited and transported to the dcemand ce-itres of Uganda (e.g. Kampala) where a thermal plant would be located. Exploration for oil in western Uganda is underway and oil could be available for domestic consumption as early as late 2003 (Alexander's Gas and Oil Connections, 2001). At present, hydroca-bon fuels would need to be imported, dramatically increasing the purchase price of electricity to grid-fed customers: a significant issue for a poor country like Uganda. Large-scale hydroelectric development remains the most viable way forward for the country in the short-medium term, when considered on a cost basis only. The Victoria Nile is the primary hydrological resource available in Uganda to meet the growing electricity demand in the country. 4.2.2 Alternative Hydropower Development Sites on the Victoria Nile Acres (1999) examined six potential hydropower sites along the Victoria Nile, following on the work of the Hydropower Development Master Plan of Keinnedy and Donkin (I 94)7). These sites are presented in Figure 4.2. Of the sites considered by Acres (1999), Murchison Falls and Kalagala were the "least cc st" options in terms of capital costs of construction per MW generated. Bujagali ranked thirc in terms of least cost. With its comparatively low social and environmental impacts, and its ability to generate 250 MW of power, however, Bujagali emerged as the preferred locat-on for hydropower development on the Victoria Nile of the remaining sites. Acres (19149) recommended that the Kalagala and Karuma projects (see Figure 4.2) also be pursued as potential projects to meet the growing electricity demand in Uganda based on the demand forecasts set out in EdF (1998). The Murchison Falls and Ayago projects were dismissed by Acres as each was in Murchison Falls National Park, a World Heritage Site, and would thus entail unacceptably high environmental impacts. The Masindi Project was also dismissed by Acres as it would have been prohibitively expensive, it precluded any downstream hydropower development projects (e.g. Karuma) and it was only at a conceptual level. The Inception Report for the Bujagali Project (WS Atkins, 1998) included a brief for a Comparative Assessment Study of the three potential hydropower development schem' cs being promoted at that time - Karuma, Kalagala and Bujagali (see Figure 4.2). The objective A ES Nile Power 136 March, 206'1 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 of this study was "to provide a basic comparative assessment of the proposals for the three sites on the River Nile, to determine whether the Bujagali project falls within the threshold of acceptability with respect to its environmental consequences." The study was primarily a desk study review, based on documentation available by the various projects' proponents at the time, supplemented by brief site visits and limited consultations. This assessment was completed in June 1998 and the report was included in Volume 2 of the EIS submitted to NEMA (WS Atkins, 1999). Table 4.1 provides a comparative summary of the impacts of the Karuma, Kalagala and Bujagali projects, as determined by WS Atkins (1999), and the text that follows the table provides a brief textual summary of each of the projects. AES NIle Power 137 March, 2001 Bujagali Project H,vdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 This page is intentionally left blank. AES Iile Power 138 March, 20W1 71 Acsi;tA ouor^aAs<_ | .. Knbdlya 7 i ; w > v[~~~~~~~~~~~~~Murchison Falls National Park-- ............... ;Mro It8 fF jWert ryos r <> t Kib , f~J Kampla ; ; Mbws ^ ) 4 tEdi; -i 5 ~ SSESF i 50KM BUJAGAL HYROPOE Date- MARH2001 G0503_H_02 Figure 4.2 NILE ~FACILITY EIA _ POTENTIAL HYDROPOWER| iS NILE ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ILAD POE Prepared for: DEVELOPMENT SITES ON _U AES NILE POWER Z THE VICTORIA NILE AINIA BujagalriWject Hydropower Facility EIA Cliapter 4 Table 4.1: Summary of Comparative Impacts of Karuma, Kalagala and Bujagali Projects (from WS Atkins, 1999)* Impact Karuma Kalagala Bujagali 1. Beneficial lmpacts Energy: Installed Capacity 100 MW 500 MW 250 MW Employment opportunities During construction During construction During construction Services and infrastructure Regional improvement Regional improvement Regional improvement Public health No significant impact Reduced risk of oncliocerciasis Reduced risk of onchocerciasis Fisheries No significant impact Potential for lake fishery Potential for lake fishery Water birds No significant impact Increase in open water habitat Increase in open water habitat 2. Adverse Impacts: (A) Construction and Reservoir Filling Reservoir area excluding river (ha) No reservoir 1200-1300 250 Land take requirement (ha) 300 1330 270 Estimated permanent land take 50 1300 265 Number of oustees 200 4130 500 kW/land area inundated No inundationi 385 960 kW/number of oustees 500 121 480 Air quality Deterioration in rural area and Karuma Deterioration in rural area and Deterioration in rural area village Kangulumira village Water quality Deterioration downstream Deterioration downstream Deterioration downstream Noise and vibration Impact in rural area and Karuma village Impact in rural area and Impact in rural area Kangultumira village Erosion and sedimwentation Increased short term risk Increased short term risk Increased short term risk Terrestrial ecology Loss of small area of riverine forest. Important loss of 330 ha of No loss of forest vegetation Site is located in Controlled Hunting gazetted forest reserve Loss of 27 ha of breeding habitat for Area, and adjacent to Kaimma Sector of Loss of 44 ha of breeding habitat water birds on Nile islands MFNP for water birds on Nile islands Aquatic ecology Reduction in fish biomass in Nile Reduction in fish biomass in Nile Reduction in fish biomass in Nile downstream of site downstream of site downstream of site Social issues Pressure on limited services Pressure on limited services Pressure on limited services, but mitigated by proximity to Jinja AES Nile Power 141 March, 2001 Butjagali Project Hydropower Facility HIA Chapter 4 Table 4.1: Suiimmary of Comparative Impacts oi' Karuma, Kalagala and Bujagali Projects (from WS Atkins, 1 999)* Impact Karuma Kalagala Bujagali Access Loss of access to traditional soil, water Loss of access to agricultural land Loss of access to agricultural land and wood resources in 300 ha direct area of some 30 ha area of some 20 ha impact area 'I'ransmission lines 80 km to Lira and 90 km to Masindi 24 km to Owen Falls and 70 km 8 km to Owen Falls and 70 km Owen Owen Falls to Kampala Falls to Kampala 2. Adverse Impacts: (B) During Operation River regime No effect on Nile regime downstream No effect on Nile regime No effect on Nile regime downstream of Kanima Falls downstream of Kalagala of Dumbbell Island Dramatic reduction in flow over 3 km Flooding of Kalagala, Busowoko Flooding of Bujagali Falls reach and Karuma Falls and Buyala Falls Water quality No impact Medium term deterioration after Short tern deterioration after filling fillinig Terrestrial ecology Local effect on riverine forest due to No direct impact but regional No direct impact, but regional reduction of mist zone at Falls development may lead to further development may lead to further encroachment into Mabira CFR encroachment into Mabira CFR Aquatic ecology Change itl composition of fish Potential for water weed growth No significant impact communities in 3 km reach, and and deoxygenation in reservoir siginificant imipact onl ecology of this area outsi(le main Nile channel reach Disease vectors No significant impact Increase in snail vectors of Increase in snail vectors of schistosomiasis in reservoir area schistosomiasis in reservoir area Public health No significant impact Increase in risk of schistosomiasis Increase in risk of schistosomiasis in in 1900 ha reservoir area 430 ha reservoir area Cultural heritage No significant impact No significant impact Flooding of Bu jagali shrines Tourism and visual amenity Significant reduction of visual amenity Loss of aesthetic value of Loss of aesthetic value of Bujagali of Karuma Falls Kalagala, Busowoko and Buyala Falls Falls Loss of whitewater rafting Loss of whitewater rafting opportunity over 2.5 km reach from opportunity over 15 km reach of Bujagali Falls to Dumbbell Island IYI1 IV I)bejuw LDuLIMDbeii islandc *Figures have been revised since 199, based upon mnore detailed site information. AES Nildver 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv El4 Chapter 4 4.2.2.1 Karuma Projecl At the time of the WS Atkins Comparative Assessment Study, a project was being developed by NORPAK Power Ltd at Karuma Falls, approximately 280 km north of Kampala (see Figure 4.2). NORPLAN A.S. had been commissioned to prepare a Project Concept Report (April 1996) and subsequently a preliminary EIA (October 1997). They were subsequently engaged to carry out a full feasibility study and EIA. The project involved the construction of a run-of-the-river hydropower development 3 km upstream of the Karuma Falls, short power tunnels to an underground power station, and tailrace tunnels discharging below the falls. As a first stage, an installed capacity of 40 MW was planned with a total planned capacity of 5 x 20 MW units using a maximum diverted flow of 450 m3/s. An amenity flow of 1,040 m3/s over the falls would be maintained. The tunnels to the powerhouse would be 75 in in length and the tailrace tunnel 2900 m. The project also included an option for a further development stage involving the construction of a regulating dam, although this was not being considered at the time the comparative study was conducted. The permanent structures, construction works, spoil dumping areas and housing and offices would be located on the south bank of the Nile. A total length of 3.5 km of access roads would be required from the Kampala-Gulu road. The main impacts on the natural environment were considered to be: * the visual amenity effects of a 30% reduction in flow over the falls, particularly with the site being adjacent to Murchison Falls National Park; * a change in the composition of fish communities in this reach of the river; and, * a change in the local riverine forest structure due to a reduction in mist and spray at the falls. It was estimated that some 35 families would be physically displaced by the project and that the influx of construction workers to this relatively remote area would bring both economic benefits (e.g. jobs, investment) and potentially adverse social impacts (e.g. "boom town effect" with inadequate social services, HIV/AIDS). A ES Nile Po"er 143 March, 2001 Bujaga/i Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapier 4 Since the time of the WS Atkins Comparative Assessment Study, a full EIA has been prepared for the Karuma Project (NORPLAN A.S., 1999). This study was submitted to NEMA in May 1999. A public hearing at the proposed project site took place in November 1999. The project, as described in NORPLAN (1999), is now designed to have a 200 MW capacity (4 X 50 MW turbines) with NORPAK installing 3 turbines and the Government of Uganda having the option of installing the fourth. The tailrace tunnels are now 2.2 km long (one for each turbine) and the amenity flow through the affected portion of the Nile will be maintained at a minimum of 50 m3/sec. 4.2.2.2 Kalagala Project The Kalagala site is located about 24 km downstream of Owen Falls. The Kalagala project evaluated in the WS Atkins Comparative Assessment report was the one proposed ir the Hydropower Development Master Plan (Kennedy and Donkin, 1997), modified by discussions with Arabian International Construction who were developing the project at that time. It consisted of a combined intake dam and surface powerhouse, a gated spillway, short lengths of gravity dam and flank embankments. The project was conceived as a two-stage developmenit, with the first stage providing 250 MW and the ultimate installed capacity being 500 MW. The main impacts on the natural environment were considered to be: the extensive land tLke; the inundation of parts of three Forest Reserves totalling 330 ha: the loss of Kalagala, Busowoko and Buyala Falls; and, a beneficial impact on fisheries. It was estimated that over 4,000 persons would be displaced, and that there would be a severe impact on white xN ater rafting activities. The risk of schistosomiasis was expected to increase whilst the risl. of onchocerciasis would decrease. No inforrnation is presently available about the current status of the Kalagala project. Acres (1999) reported that the project sponsors, Arabian International Consortium, did not appear to pursuing the project aggressively at the time that Acres was writing their report. 4.2.2.3 Bujagali Project At the time of the WS Atkins Comparative Assessment Report, the Bujagali project was al an early stage of developmnent. An initial Scoping Report was produced in 1997, but the AES Aile Power 144 March, 26(0I Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 Feasibility Study (Knight Piesold /Merz and McLellan, 1998) had not yet been completed and the full EIA had just commenced. The project configuration evaluated was described as a combined intake dam and powerhouse, a gated spillway and emergency spillway, a rockfill embankment dam abutting the east side of the spillway and a short length of embankment or concrete gravity dam on the left flank. The installed capacity would be 250 MW. The main impacts on the natural environment from the Bujagali project were considered to be: * the land take; * the inundation of Bujagali Falls; and, * a positive impact on fisheries. It was estimated that about 500 people would be displaced and that commercial white water rafting would no longer be possible on the 2.5 km stretch of the river between Bujagali Falls and Dumbbell Island. The public health impacts were considered to be similar to those at Kalagala, but reduced in scale due to the reduced reservoir size. Based upon additional field studies undertaken, the number of physically displaced persons has changed. As well, the footprint of the proposed Bujagali hydropower facility project has been revised, resulting in a slightly modified landtake. A detailed description of the preferred project is provided in Section 4.4, while Section 6.20 of the Resettlement Action Plan (Part I of the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan, which is submitted as a separate volume and forns part of this EIA) provides details on the factors that contributed to the change in number of physically-displaced persons. 4.2.2.4 Conclusions of the 14'SAtkins Comparative Assessment Report WS Atkins (1999) wrote: 'In terms of positive economic impacts, Kalagala clearly has the greatest installed capacity, twice that of Bujagali and five times that of Karuma. A 500 MW scheme represents a very substantial step increase in the installed capacity, by a factor of almost three, and it must remain questionable as to whether the UEB system could cope with this increase without significant alteration. The land take and overall area of direct impact is greatest at Kalagala, and the potential number of oustees much higher. When these impacts are related to power AES Nile Power 145 Maurch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilih EJA Chapter 4 generation capacity, the ratio of power output to the area inundated and the number of oustees (Goodland, 1997) is lowest tor least efficient] at Kalagala. The nature of the effects on the natural environrment are similar at both Kalagala and Bujagali, but the scale of the impact will be higher at Kalagala. In particular, th, larger impoundment behind the Kalagala dam will result in the loss of significant areas of gazetted forest. The ecological impacts of the schemes will be least at Karuma. The impact on the landscape and potential tourism value is also likely to be: highest and most widespread at Kalagala, although Karuma Falls will be dramatically affected by the Karuma scheme. The impact on the landscape at Bujagali will be les. severe, and the Kalagala reservoir will drown out a greater length of the reach of the Nile currently used for white water rafting activities. In terms of the socio-economic effects, the potential for stimulating development i! possibly greatest at Karuma, due to the lower overall level of economic activity anc' the poorer standards of living in the surrounding area. The extent of social disruptior and disturbance, especially during construction, is however likely to be greatest for the Kalagala scheme and lowest at Bujagali. In summary, the Kalagala scheme will provide a very large increase in power. bul: will have the greatest overall environmental and socio-economic impacts. Karuma is likely to have the least overall environmental impact, but generates the lowest amounl: of power, whilst Bujagali will have a relatively low environmental impact whilsi generating substantial amounts of power. Based on the forgoing analysis. the Bujagali site was confinned to be the most desirable site on the Victoria Nile in Uganda for the next hydropower development. 4.2.3 Evaluation of Alternative Hydropower Development Configurations at Bujag ali The Inception Report (WS Atkins, 1998) and scope of work for the EIA included a requirement that alternative options at, and around, the Bujagali site also be investigated. The objective of the study was to "compare and evaluate options that have been developed for Bujagali, in order to provide the rationale for the selection of the preferred scheme. The key considerations in the comparison are the potential power output of the different scherles, their financial costs and their relative environmental and socio-economic implications." The assessment was undertaken by WS Atkins, in association with engineering consultants Knight Pi6sold, and was completed in June 1998. The report was included in Volume 2 of the EIS submitted to NEMA (WS Atkins, 1999). Five configurations for the dam had previously been considered by Acres in 1990 in connection with the feasibility of expanding the Ow.en Falls power station at Kyabirwa Falls, Bujagali Falls (the "BI Configuration"), Buyala Fills (2 alignments) and Busowoko Falls. These were briefly re-examined and costed. In addition, two further configurations were identified, one a diversion canal at Bujagali to avoid the inundation of Bujagali Falls (the "B2" configuration) and the other at Busowoko Falls with a AES Nile Power 146 March, 2'101 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 lower full supply level (FSL), again to preserve the falls and the river downstream to Dumbbell Island. The locations of these various options are shown in Figure 4.3. The technical and economic issues considered included the cost and timescale of the Stage 1 diversion, the total project cost, the overall duration of the construction programme and the installed capacity in relation to the needs of the Ugandan electricity system. The key environmental issues considered were the loss of land through inundation, land take for permanent works, temporary occupation of land for construction purposes, displacement of the local population, potential inundation of sites of cultural significance and impact on tourism and recreation activities. The report concluded that "the preferred [B I] option is the most favourable from a technical and economic viewpoint whilst the lower FSL option at Busowoko Falls would preserve Bujagali Falls and the river channel downstream to Dumbbell Island." It also noted that a development at Busowoko Falls would have a major negative impact on possible future development at Kalagala downstream, a project which was being actively promoted at that time. Following the completion of the Feasibility Study in July 1998 and, as a result of progress on the EIA for the preferred scheme, a review of the June 1998 assessment was carried out during 1999 / 2000. The review included two further options considered at Busowoko by K-night Piesold (1998) in the Feasibility Study - one designed to retain Dumbbell Island and Bujagali Falls and one for direct comparison with the preferred option, in termns of gross head and installed capacity. In addition, further consideration was given to the differences in environmental impact between the "B1" and "132" options at Dumbbell Island. Comparative sketch designs were generated for both of the Bi and B2 options, reproduced here as Figures 4.4 and Figure 4.5. The results of the analysis of all options are presented in Table 4.2. The results of the more detailed analysis of the two options at Dumbbell Island (i.e. BI vs. B2) are shown in Table 4.3. AES Nile Power 147 .11arcih, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 This page is intentionally left blank. AES Nile Power 148 Ajfarch, 2:901 '-wm To Kamuli To Kamuli \w \ ~~~Budondo\ Centre AUS Si t- Site AE BUSOWOKO ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~YBIW FALLS__ FALLS Site, Sit CL Site D BUJGAL |BUSOWOKOLL D U MBBELL FALLS \ Busowoko Kibibi Buyala Namizi Kyabirwa >1, Kabowa uwendaOWEN FALLS Kikubamutwe Buloba TONJA Namiyagi Wakisi Malindi Naminya /Krungu/ To Kampala To Kayunga Source: W.S Atkins (1999) Note: Not to Scale FProject Name:G0 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G053_H 59 Figure 4.3 NILE_ FACILITYEIA POTENTIAL HYDROPOWER POWER Prepared for: DEVELOPMENT SITES _______ AES NILE POWER _ AROUND BUJAGALI KEY Dam Area of Inundation To Kamuli NOT TO SCALE To Kamuli \ ~~~Budondo\ \ ~~~Centre w _~~ ~ ~ - - - __,__,.._, AL BUSOWOKO FALLS Busowoko Kibibi . . Kya X / ~~~~~~Kabowa I / _f Buwenda __ OWEN _FALLS JINJA TOWN Wakisi Kikubamutwe /aTOaN / Centre f I_ AEn NILE POWER AT DUMBBELLtILAND To Kampala To Kayunga Source: W.S. Atkins (1999) FProject Name: 01Fgr . I BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 lG0503_IH_60 Fgr . NILWEE Prpedo "B1" ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATION rs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AES NILE POWER| AT DUMBBELL ISLAND_ KEY N |t- Dam _ Area of Inundation To Kamuli 4MS NOT TO SCALE To Kamuli \ ~~~~Budondo\ Centre * BUJAGALI Embankment BUSOWOKOo°-8-- BUKABRWA|A FALLS U B and spiliway Busowoko Kibibi Buyala Namizi Kyabirwa Kabowa amz Kyabirw ~~~~~A. uwenda OE > Kabowa 1h in suspended solids, which would have an adverse impact on river water quality u.iless intercepted and treated; and, * Technical implications in termns of impact on project programme and additional cosI s for processing work. Based on the above negative aspects of an earthcore dam, an asphaltic core dam design was chosen. 4.4 Description of the Preferred Project 4.4.1 General Project Description The project site is located at Dumbbell Island, 9 km north of the source of the Victoria Nile in Uganda (see Figure 1.1). The project will consist of a 250 MW power station housing 5 X 50 MW vertical Kaplan turbine generation units with associated 30 m high embankment and spillway works. The project will be constructed in two phases. Phase 1 will entail the construction of the entire civil engineering works together with installation of 4 x 50 MW units to provide a Phase 1 capacity of 200 MW. Phase 2, which entails the installation ol the final 50 MW unit, is dependent on UEB's decision. Permanent access to the hydropo-Ver facility will be from the Jinja to Kavunga road on the left (west) bank, branching off from the main road about 8 km north of Owen Falls Dam. The power station area will be fencec on both sides of the river. Figure 1.2 shows the layout of the permanent works. AESNile Power 162 Marci, 2P01 NOTES 200 0 w 400 MO0 $0o1 T.-.ATLXTI0Faeverbrbeetadybdyooselooyotevebe 20D 0 2CO 4C0 6C0 EtOn , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~APPFodMATE LOCATION OF 1.T Thlomoaqn5..d 56Pc6 6 ft--1 - wo0 -Wb \-}: JIUNCION WITH EXSTING I-I or erpoeus ners beA (s KS sury9Y) -0JINJOIYU AMS ROAD S SOP73K KEY eoert rr>*YilP - vP b danced by Eu. Spplyr e(FSL) EL 1111S. L p- A m de En d o As b ed 60 n rerF n so. 77 APPuOXIMATE rCAT ON OF Ana ol erun b sr He) - soyra7e 60105150 'ING OISWA FALLS 0000 Ares of EaerrsoorES avewaroAar APPROXIMATE CENTFE-LINE NeF' (set.b5eb SOPsoesme- ve deel I OFERIVEARAIeXTOSY TEMPORAEY ( SOPS6 - i soP" APFOXrIMATE LOCATION OF SOPOr ' :40 ,SOPb b3pou S / - - EXSTINGASECONDAE 0OA0 5004 5P10 // SEXISTING EYSIRWA 2 -/ FALLS ROA0 ! so - Erordr e < , --~ SOPST eb - 'X'EXTENT AN UPTREAULIMITOF f L. :7o i:-_,-TO EE ASSURES - AMOUISITION - _FLOW 70 0 yt t4 So OIA) Xt SOPR - SOP50300~'~ BUMJAGALi. > 4---' FALLS soP7} '-v;S' 7 v <-WESTEANK K A .;5 , . 00p~S , P f? - 01AQUARY SOE5O~~~~~~~~~ 'l4i~~~~~~~~t ~~SOP HOS`MOMSLrMFT OF WIEST MAK 2- - . voo w--- e DEFNITON eONoYNMSuE Soure -BgtPeod(00, rwn o0701 soFB,* SOP 'SOP26~~~~~~~~~~~ 7T 003 oout1 yOGOO Iz STAT HIGWt do 6Et3 SOP B G H P -t M00CH o0 A rSg S. -op, SOP S212N & ER sopP,- sop, SOPS ao SOPj 1000076 SOEUO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EXTENT OF LASS TO BE ACQOISED sop7t 0 + t~ INUNDATED LANSSOUT0H sc 0500OF 0UJAGA12 FALLS $00 SOPIC 2 HSource Knight PIHoId_(2000),DrOWIYQNo 037-0010 S-E HIGHWAY A'DEFINITIONS 0% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Project Name.DtMAC,20 053-54 Fgr 46 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER DmMRH 01 053H5 _Fgr . FACILIIY EIA S N~ILEE E A E.. J Pr.parodf., ~~~~~~_ PEMANENT & TEMPORARY R<05'!l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AES NILE POWER LAND TAKES ( Page 1_of 2) 4-~ ~~~~~~4 * K S -, 2 ' ; 0 0019 Projet Name BUJASALI HYDROPOWER Dae -MARCH, 2001 G0503-57 Figure 4.6 FACILITY EIA-- _ ____ Prepared for PERMANENT & TEMPORARY AES NILE POWER LAND TAKES Page 2 of 2) Bujaguli Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapier 4 The embankment will impound a reservoir with a surface area of some 388 ha at Full Supply Level (FSL) (11 1.5 m), requiring 125 ha of pennanent (consisting of 45 ha of land plus 80 ha that will be inundated by the reservoir) and 113 ha of temporary land acquisition and will provide a live storage of 12.8 million m3. In accordance with the National Environmental Statute No. 4/1995 and its regulations, a 100 m wide strip of land above the highest watermark of a river is deemed to be the riverbank. NEMA has a veto on the land use of this 100 metre wide protection zone. AESNP will acquire land in accordance with the Setting Out Points (SoP) coordinates. These coordinates tend to follow thc 1116 m contour line except where expressly detailed otherwise. Refer to Figure 4.6 for the locations of the SoPs. The following transmission lines and ancillary works will be constructed to evacuate power from the hydropower station and connect it to the UEB system: - A 220 kV / 132 kV switchyard on the west bank- of the Victoria Nile adjacent to the Dumbbell Island hydropower facility; * A 132 kV line south from the Bujagali switchyard to the existing 132 kV line from Owen Falls to Tororo (length - 4.85 kmn), where that line will be severed; * A second 132 kV line extending north from the severed Owen Falls - Tororo line to interconnect with the Bujagali switchyard (length - 4.9 kin); - A new 220 kV transmission line from the Bujagali switchyard to a new substation at Kawanda, north of Kampala (length - 70.44 km). The 220 kV line will run parallel to an existing 132 kV line for 45 kmi; * A new substation and 220/132 kV switching yard at Kawanda; and, * A new 132 kV line from the Kawanda substation to the existing 132 kV substation at Mutundwe in southern Kampala (length - 17.41 km). Internal improvements (e.g. new bay and switching gear) at Mutundwe to accommodate this new 132 kV line will also be required. T he environmental impacts of these transmission lines and associated substations have been the subject of a separate environmental assessment report, which was submitted to NEMA in December 2000 and is currently under review. That report forms part of the EA submission to the WBG. A ES A'ile Po wer 167 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 4.4.2 Hydropower Facilitv Location and Layout The preferred Bujagali hydropower facility site is located on the Nile River, 8 km downstream of the Owen Falls Power Station, and 2.5 km downstream of Bujagali Falls, where the Nile splits into two channels separated by Dumbbell Island (Figure 1.2). The advantages of constructing a dam at this site include: steep banks reducing the inundation landtake area, as well as affording good abutments; a channel wide enough for the possible future addition of peaking units; and, the presence of an island which facilitates construction of cofferdams during temporary works and an overall shorter construction period. The Bujagali hydropower facility will consist of the following features (refer to Figure 1.2): * Intake structure; - Power station, housing 5 x 50 MW turbine generator units combined with upper main flap gates and lower radial gated spillways, services bay and control building; * Main and emergency spillways; - Asphaltic concrete core rockfill embankment, with a maximum height of 30 m; * Abutments; * Outdoor switchyard; * Workshop and stores building; * Emergency generating building; * Water treatment plant; * Fish pass; * Reservoir; * Access roads; * Impoundment; and, * Labour force. The layout comprises an embankment across the downstream end of Dumbbell Island, with the powerhouse and spillway located in the western channel. The river will be diverted through the eastern channel to allow construction of the concrete structures, and then re- A ES Nile Power 168 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA CJrapter 4 diverted through the spillway to allow the main embankment to be completed. The total construction time for the development will be in the order of 4 years. Chapter 5 provides details on how the hydropower facility will be constructed, operated and decommissioned. Table 4.4 provides a summary of the hydropower facility's specifications. Details are provided in the following sections. Appendix D.l contains detailed technical drawings of the vanous components of the hydropower facility. Table 4.4: Specifications for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Description Specification Nile River existing surface area from C/L of 308.0 ha dam to Owen Falls dam (ha) Reservoir area (ha) after inundation (excluding 387.7 ha islands) Storage flows (in hours) 2.75 hours at peak output Live storage volume of impoundment 12.8 Mm3 Live 54.0 Mm3 Gross Impoundment filling time 7 to 10 days (estimate) Impoundment flow rate (m3/s) 63 m3/s - 90 m3/s Energy production at peak output (hrs) 5 hrs (200 MW or 250 MW) Retention time of water in impoundment T 0.5 - 0.7 days Length of shoreline Approximately 28.7 km at FSL and approximately 37.5 km at extreme drawdown FSL 11I1.5m Minimum Operating Level 1109.5 m Energy water head (m) 19.7 m - 21.9 m Firm Energy (GWh) 923 GWhr/yr Min and max flows (100 yr) 95% probability 493 m3/s - 605 m3/s Average Energy (GWh) Min and max flows 1438 GWhr/yr (100 yr) 50% probability 797 m3/s - 937 m3/s Hydrology long term mean outflow range m3/s 660 mi3/s - 1200 m3/s Median flow rate (100 yr data) 870 rn3/s Plant load factor 0.66 (based on Flow of 840 m3/s) LAND DRAWINGS Contour height (m) 1116m where possible Total land take, permanent + temporary (ha) 215.9 ha Permanent land take, not inundated (ha) Total 44.9 ha West bank 25.17 ha East bank 6.67 ha Islands and river D/S 13.06 ha Permanent land take, inundated (ha) Total 80.0 ha Islands 35.28 ha Riverbank 44.72 ha AES Nile Power 169 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 Table 4.4: Specifications for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Description Specification Temporary land take (ha) Total 113.0 ha West bank 106.1 ha East bank 6.9 ha Area originally identified as borrow area, prior 54.1 ha (on east bank) to asphaltic concrete core being decided upon Area of access roads both temp & permanent 6.9 ha Temporary on East Bank (ha) 1 .1 ha Permanent on West Bank Reservoir Characteristics: Full Supply Level 1 11.5 m Maximum Flood Level 1112.0 m Minimum Operating Level 1109.5 m Gross Storage 54.1 Mm' (El 1111.5 m) Live Storage 12.8 Mm3 (El 1108.0 m) Maximum Tailwater Level 1092.5 m (4500 m3/s) Intake: Type Integral Intake and Power Station Sill Invert Level 1081.5 m Trash Screen Size 2 - 8 m wide x 16 m high. Intake Stoplogs 2 - 8 m wide x 16 m high 5 -. module stoplogs Power Station: Location On surface in left channel around Dumbbell Island Total Installed Capacity 250 MW (200 MW Implementation Phase ]) Finn Energy Varies - 1104 GWh/yr max, 876 GWh/yr min. Average Energy 1438 GWh/yr Number of Turbines and Type 5, Vertical Axis Kaplan Head Loss through Waterways 0.5 m Maximum Discharge 1350 m3/s approx. Loading Bay Floor Level 1090.5 m Draft Tube Emergency Gate Size 2 - each 8 m wide x 6 m high approx. Tailwater Level at Station Output (250 MW) 1089.5 m approx. Turbines: Reservoir level 113 m at 23.45 m gross head 56 MW output Reservoir level 1111.5 m Output at 19.76 m gross head 44.5 MW Discharge at 19.76 m gross head 256 m3/s Output at 21.95 m gross head 54 MW Discharge at 21.95 m gross head 280 m3/s Generators: Maximum Output 62 MVA (Power factor 0.85) Transformer Type Oil Immersed with an, On Load Tap Changer (10%) AES Nile Power 170 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Faciity EIA C1'apter 4 Table 4.4: Specifications for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Description Specification Spillway: Type Gated Concrete Chute and Low Level Outlets Maximum Discharge - Total 4500 m3/s Maximum Discharge - Flap Gates 1500 m3/s Radial gates 3000 m'/s Crest Level/Clear Waterway Length/Height 1106.5 m/80/6 mn (concrete chute only) Sill Level/Clear Width/Height 1081.5 m/24 m/8.2 m (low level outlets only) Number of Gates/Type 10 Flaps, 2 Radial Size of Gates Flap Gates: 8 m wide x 6 m high approx Radial Gates: 12 m wide x 8.5 m high approx Dam Type Asphaltic concrete core rockfill dam Height (estimated maximum) 30 m Crest l evel/Length 1114.5 m/400 m approx Extreme Drawdown Level 1106.5 m Bujagali Sub Station: Voltage 220 kV and 132 kV Type Outdoor Open Terminal, Double Busbar, Single Circuit Breaker Source: Knight Pitsold, 1998 and 1998b, vipdaed 2000. 4.4.3 Power Station The power station is designed as an integrated structure, combining: a flap gate, open chute spillway in its upper part; the power intake structure in its lower upstream part; and, the open- air powerhouse in its lower downstream part. (Refer to Appendix D. 1, Figures D. 1 to D.5). The structure comprises five unit bays, each with one power intake and two flap gates. On the eastern side, the structure is placed against the separate low-level outlet spillway structure. On its western side, the structure extends into a concrete structure that combines a gravity-type retaining wall (which will accommodate storage space for the power intake stoplogs) in its upstream part, and the powerhouse service bay in its downstream part. The integrated power station structure was analysed with respect to its stability. Results of the analysis are included in Appendix D.2. All structures will adhere to relevant international standards with respect to loading cases, environmental requirements and structural safety. AES Nile Power 171 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 4.4.3.1 Power Station Intake Structure The power station intake structure will formn the lower upstream part of the integrated power station structure. Water will enter through five separate intakes, with each intake having a double entrance protected by trash screens. The central pier dividing each entrance will simultaneously provide support to the ceiling of the upstream water conduit and the trash rack support beams. The power intake front will be inclined to facilitate any required raking operations. Downstream of the intakes, the double waterway passages will combine into single sections leading to the turbine inlets. Stoplogs will enable each intake to be isolated for dewatering and maintenance. The power intakes will be capable of operating between Maximum Flood Level (MFL) of 1,112.0 m and Minimum Operating Level (MOI) of 1,109.5 m. At its inlet section, each power intake will be sized so as not to exceed the specified maximum permissible intake flow velocity as determined by the Agreed Curve. The intake flow section has been designed to: avoid undue vibrations of the trash racks; reduce the tendency for vortex formation in front of the power intakes; reduce the rate and particle size of bedload material drawn into the power intakes; and, limit hydraulic losses at the intakes. Each intake structure can be closed upstream of the power intake trash racks during project implementation, as well as for maintenance and repair purposes. Two sets of operational stoplogs will be provided for temporary closing of the intakes for maintenance. One set of stoplogs will be provided for the semi-permanent closing of Unit 5, if the option to install the fifth turbine is not exercised. The stoplogs will be stored in storage spaces within the integrated concrete structure. A gantry crane and a grappling beam, used to handle the stoplogs, will be stored in the storage space. Two raking machines will be provided to clean the trash racks during operation. Each raking machine will be capable of reaching any of the ten power intake openings. Raked materials will be collected in a trash wagon for later disposal. The runways of both the power intake gantry crane and the raking machines will extend across the entire length of the power station and the service bay extension. The runway of the raking machines will further extend over the low-level spillway structure to allow parking of one trash rake on this structure. AES Nile Power 172 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 4.4.3.2 Powerhouse The powerhouse will form the lower downstream part of the combined power station structure, and will consist of a total of five unit bays, with unit bay number 1 locatcd at the western end of the powerhouse and unit bay number 5 at the eastern end. Consistent with the PPA, four unit bays (numbers I to 4) will be completed, with optional completion of the fifth bay dependent upon final agreement with UEB. Electro-mechanical generating equipment will be installed in unit bay numbers 1 to 4. A separation wall with door will be erected at the end of unit bay number 4. This separation wall will prevent unauthorised access from the machine hall to unit bay number 5 but will allow the main powerhouse cranes to pass over the wall. If UEB decides to exercise the option to make unit bay number 5 operational, civil works within unit bay number 5 will be completed to their final stage, electro-mechanical generating equipment will be installed and no separation wall will be erected at the end of unit bay number 4. The powerhouse machine hall will be arrang,ed in the centre part of the structure. The machine hall will house the unit generators. The turbine spiral cases and draft tubes will be housed on lower levels. Various galleries will be located up- and downstream from the machine hall. These galleries will serve to: accommodate the cooling water treatment and distribution; low voltage (LV) distribution and relay equipment; and, allow interconnections between the unit bays and the service bay. The unit step-up transformers and circuit breakers will be arranged in a gallery immediately parallel to, and downstream of, the machine hall. Transformers and circuit breakers will be installed in separate bays in an alternating arrangement, with a transformer and a circuit breaker placed adjacent to each generator. Each transformer can be pulled out from its bay into the connecting gallery, and from there transported along the gallery to the service bay access platform. Within the gallery, special fire protection facilities will be installed. The 220 kV cable conductors connecting the step-up transformers to the switchyard will be arranged in a separate cable gallery running parallel to the transforner gallery. The cable gallery will extend across the service bay to the retaining wall that separates the power station from the rock fill dam on the left abutment. From this point the cables will go to the top of AeESNile Power 173 AlWarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 the dam through a cable shaft, and continue onwards to the switchyard in cable ducts running along the dam. The cable ducts will cross the dam access road before entering the switchvard. Cables from each unit bay will be located in separate compartments. The control and signal cables will be divided between two further compartments. The 11 kV cables will share the same compartment as the power cables for Unit Bay 5. The power generation discharge will be returned to a common tailbay excavated in the original riverbed on the downstream site of the power station. Each draft tube will feature a centre pier starting behind the draft tube elbow and continuing to the downstream face of the powerhouse structure. Two draft tube roller gates will be installed at the draft tube of each operational unit. These gates will allow closure of a draft tube under balanced and unbalanced hydraulic conditions. If Unit Bay 5 is not completed to an operational level, a permanent wall will be erected in the draft tube of Unit 5. Further downstream and directly in the draft tube exit plane, stoplog slots will extend up to an outdoor platform situated above the design flood tailwater elevation. Stoplogs can be lowered via the slots under balanced hydraulic conditions into the draft tube exit sections for closure of the draft tubes. For maintenance and repair operations, monorail cranes will be located above the draft tube roller gate housings and the draft tube stoplog slots. The crane rails will continue across all housings and slots, and extend a further 5 m into the service bay platform where loads can be picked up or placed. 4.4.3.3 Powerhouse Service Bay The service bay will be constructed at the western end of the powerhouse by the left abutment. Transport equipment will be able to unload heavy equipment parts within the service bay. There will also be lay-down areas for the assembly of electro-mechanical equipment during project implementation and for equipment maintenance and repair. Office facilities and plant equipment (e.g., battery room, air conditioning and ventilation equipment, medium and low voltage installations) will be located adjacent to the westem end wall ol the service bay, on its uppermost and lower floors. The main access door will be sized to allow trailers with heavy equipment and the largest of plant items to enter the service bay from the outdoor access platform at machine hall level. A ES Vile Power 174 Marclh, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EJA Chapter 4 The unloading area inside the service bay will be within reach of the powerhouse main cranes, facilitating the unloading of equipment parts. There will be a separate access door for personnel and visitors adjacent to the service bay main access gate. A reception area immediately inside the access door ensures that power station personnel can control access. The control room is located one floor above the machine hall level. This room will: accommodate the centralised control equipment; allow visual control via an indoor window overlooking the machine hall floor (since the window is sited below main crane level, the main cranes will not obstruct the view of the machine hall); and, allow visual control of the service bay access platform through a second indoor window. An elevator and a staircase will connect the various service bay levels and will provide access to the service bay from the rooftop (i.e. dam crest level), with a second reception area controlling this access. There will be a fire exit from the office floor level to the service bay rooftop. Access stairs will be provided to all levels of the powerhouse. All stairs and closed spaces will be suitably ventilated. On the service bay outdoor platformn located downstream from the service bay, an emergency diesel set will be located in a secured compartment. In addition, there will be lay-down areas within the hook approaches of the draft tube roller gate and stoplog monorail cranes. The outdoor platform will also provide space for vehicle parking. 4.4.3.4 Workshop and Stores A separate building accommodating the workshop and stores will be located on the westem bank, downstream of the dam (Figure D.6 in Appendix D. 1). This building will combine the central workshop, a tool shop, stores facilities and a flammable materials store in a single structure. It also incorporates showers, toilets, locker room and mess facilities for ten people. The building will be a concrete frame structurc founded on strip and block foundations. All rooms except the flammable materials store will have windows facing outside. The workshop will be equipped with a large secure bay door suitable for truck access, with an overhead crane capable of travelling the entire length of the workshop. The tool shop and the stores area will be directly accessible from the workshop, while a corridor will lead from the AES Aile Power 175 Mfarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 workshop to the mess and office rooms, and shower, toilet and locker room facilities. The building will feature one personnel door adjacent to the truck access door, and a second personnel door at the end of the corridor, next to the office rooms. The flammable materials store will be integrated in the building as a fireproof concrete cell. The only access to this storeroom will be provided from outside the building through a double wing door. Emergency Generator Building An emergency generator will be placed in a separate building, immediately downstrearn of the powerhouse services bay. 4.4.4 Main and Emergency Spillways 4.4.4.1 Spillway Design The gated, concrete chute spillway with low-level outlets is designed to discharge the maximum flood of 4,500 m3/s at the Full Supply Level (FSL) of 1,111.5 m. The selected design incorporates ten flap-gates in an overflow chute on top of the powerhouse and two lifting radial gates in a separate concrete structure adjacent to the powerhouse. During operation at 1,111.5 m FSL, the flap-gates on the roof of the powerhouse will have a combined discharge capacity of 1,500m31s, and the radial gates a combined discharge capacity of 3,000 m3/s. The emergency spillway will discharge into the eastern channel of the river some 200 m downstream of the embankment. The flap gates will be used for normal flood conditions, simultaneously allowing floating debris to pass freely. A sufficient number of flap gates will always be maintained in the raised position to substitute for the current turbine discharge. In this manner, the spillway discharge can be immediately increased to compensate for unit tripping. In an emergency, the flap gates will be able to release flow by falling automatically without mechanical operation. The flap gates are designed to have 0.5 m freeboard when fully raised, allowing for wave surges. In high and extreme flood conditions, when water flow exceeds 1,720 m3/s, the low-level radial gate spillway will be used in addition to the flap gates. The exposed excavated rock AES Nile Power 176 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 and slope protection works downstream of the radial gate spillway have been designed to withstand such operations. The maximum reservoir level associated with the main flap gated and radial gated spillways is 1,112 m MSL. A dedicated diesel generator for the spillway gates will be located adjacent to the flap gates in case of disruption to the grid supply. 4.4.4.2 Structure of Radial Gates Radial gates will be placed in two of the three bottom outlet chutes between the powerhouse and the rock fill dam (Figure D.7 in Appendix D.1). The retaining wall for the dam will also constitute one sidewall for the gate structure. The end wall of the powerhouse constitutes the boundary and side of the temporary chute. Thcrc will be dividing pillars/walls between the three chutes. Stability of the spillway structure was calculated for three load cases: nonnal, exceptional and extreme loading. Details are included in Appendix D.2. An access bridge will be built across the spillway chutes in direct continuation of the transformer gallery, or the draft tube stoplog gallery, whichever is found most suitable. The monorail crane over the draft tube stoplogs will be continued over the spillway chutes and used for stoplog operations. The road bridge crossing the top of the spillway is designed to accommodate a road 7.5 m wide, a pedestrian lane of 1.5 m width and the overhead gantry crane. 4.4.4.3 Flap Gated Open Chute Spillway The flap gated open chute spillway will forn the upper part of the integrated power station structure and will comprise ten spillway bays separated by piers (Figure D.8 in Appendix D. 1). The spillway piers will be located above the piers dividing the power intake openings and will have the same inclination as the power intakes in order to provide a straight guide for the power intake stoplogs. The piers will be of altemating lengths and thicknesses. Thin and long piers will support the beam for the downstream rail of the power intake gantry crane and the bridge structure crossing the chute spillway. Thicker but shorter piers will house the AES A'ile Power 177 M1arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 drives for the flap gates and provide additional support for the trash rake runway and upstream rail of the gantry crane. The flap gates are designated "the main spillway" for operational and environmental reasons during normal and high flows, and will be used regularly. The surface flap gates are ideal for fine regulation of water level and spillage flows, as the overtopping flow is not very sensitive to gate movements. Environmentally it is preferable to release surface water downstream rather than water from the very bottom of the reservoir, largely because it prevents water weed accumnulation. The flap gated chute spillway will provide a spilling capacity of 150 m3/s for each bay of the spillway system, for a total capacity of 1,500 m3/s at Full Supply Level of 1,111.50 m. The flap gates will provide additional freeboard to allow for minor reservoir level adjustments, and will feature an automatic release mechanism, which will achieve automatic opening of flaps once a pre-set reservoir surcharge has been reached. Full automatic release capacity shall be reached at a headpond surcharge level not exceeding Maximum Flood Level (MFL) of 1,1 12.0. In addition to opening automatically, the flap gates can be operated manually from either the power station control room or local control boards. Partial opening of gates will be possible under all operating modes, allowing surface floating debris to be flushed into the chutes and from there into the powerhouse tailbay. The positions of all flap gates will be displayed on control devices in the control room. The reservoir area upstream of the chute spillway approach will be equipped with floating markers and prominent warning signs to warn lake craft not to proceed towards the structure. Any opening of flap gates will automatically trigger an audible warning to indicate that spillway discharge is about to commence. Each bay can be closed for maintenance purposes by inserting stoplogs in the stoplog slots upstream from the flap gates. Alternatively, inserting a bulkhead gate in the same slots can also close a spillway bay. This bulkhead gate will be designed so that it can be lowered in the slot under unbalanced hydraulic conditions and hence close a spillway bay if a flap gate fails to close. Because of the flow conditions on the chute and the pier lengths, a closure on the downstream side is not required during maintenance. An interceptor drain immediately downstream of the flap gates may be installed in order to prevent wetting of the powerhouse roof and water dribbling off of the downstream end. AES Nile Power 178 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 The bridge crossing the chute spillway is designed with a total net width of 9.0 m. It will be suitable to accommodate a future 2-lane public highway, with a carriageway width of 7.5 m and a 1.5 m wide pedestrian walkway, which will be located on the upstream side. 4.4.5 Asphalt Concrete Core Rockfill Embankment The dam across the Nile River has been designed with a crest elevation of 1,114.5 m MSL, assuming a Maximum Flood Level (MFL) of 1,112.0 m and a Full Supply Level (FSL) of 1,1 1 1.5 m. The latter elevation will allow for a flood discharge of 4,500 m3/s. The height of the dam will be 30 m. The dam axis in general follows the top of an east-west oriented ridge of Precambrian amphibolite, which is more resistant to weathering than the surrounding ground. Bedrock outcrops or a thin (generally <2 m) overlay of weathered rock, residual soil or alluvial soil (in riverbeds) dominate on Dumbbell Island and across the beds of the river's two channels. At both abutments, the riverbanks rise 20 to 30 m above the riverbed. The ground consists of clayey residual soil overlaying weathered rock. Fresh bedrock is located approximately at river level, or slightly lower. Both abutments will therefore be founded partly on weathered rock and partly on soil. The embankment side slopes will be flattened to 1:3 and a seepage cut off will be provided by a combination of vertical diaphragms and upstream blankets. From the perspective of foundation conditions, the dam consists of three different sections: • Central section: from the powerhouse/spillway across Dumbbell Island and the right (east) river channel; * Right (eastern) section: east bank of the river; and, * Left (western) abutment section: from the powerhouse complex extending west. An asphaltic concrete core dam is the preferred dam type. The asphalt core rockfill dam consists of a rockfill embankment and processed rock with a vertical asphaltic concrete core. The inclination of the up- and downstream embankment slopes is 1:1.75 and 1:1.65 respectively when founded on rock and 1:3.0 when founded on overburden. The asphalt core consists of bitumen, aggregates and filler, and an adhesion agent (mastic) to ensure bonding to the concrete plinth. The asphaltic concrete consists of: * Bitumen: 18-25% (according to ASTM D5-73 specification); AES Nile Power 179 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 4 * Filler: 10-14% (consists of fines from the aggregate plant, crushed limestone or other material approved by the AESNP Construction Manager); and, * Aggregates: 61-72% (processed from fresh amphibolite consisting of 0.4 mm well-graded particles). A rockfill embankment protects the asphalt core. A layer of riprap will protect the upstream face of the embankment against wave action. The downstream face will incorporate berms with drains. The foundation of the asphaltic concrete core will be on a bolted concrete plinth on bedrock if available within reasonable depth. However, the core is sufficiently flexible to be founded on residual soils without risk of harmful deformation. Therefore, in sections where depth to bedrock is great, permneable soil or weathered rock below the core foundation level will be treated by cut-off structures or grouting2. The rockfill and the flexibility of the asphaltic core will be able to absorb any possible differential settlements, which will be small. The embankment crest (10 m wide) will have a sealed surface 9 m wide, consisting of a 7.5 m wide roadway and a 1.5 m wide pedestrian lane. 4.4.5.1 Foundation Methodology Detailed information on the foundation of the asphaltic concrete core dam is included in Appendix D.3. 4.4.5.2 Dam Stability The dam is designed to meet the following criteria: Steady state: To include seepage, deformnation and stress analysis. Minimum factor of safety F>1.5, where F = Factor of Safety. Rapid drawdown: To ensure the satisfactory performance of the dam and foundation following rapid lowering of the upstream or downstream water level. Minimum factor of safety F>1.25. AES Nile Power 180 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 Earthquake: To investigate the satisfactory perforrnance of the dam and foundation during peak combined horizontal and vertical ground motions resulting from seismic events. For preliminary stability calculations, earthquake coefficients of 0.15g and 0.1Og for horizontal and vertical accelerations have been used respectively. These values will be reviewed in the final design. Minimum factor of safety F>l.1 has been calculated. (The dam is allowed to be damaged but must not experience failure). End of construction: To ensure satisfacto'ry performance of embankment sections of the dam with no external water loads and no dissipation of construction-induced pore pressures. Minimum factor of safety has been calculated to F>1.3. Stability analyses conducted of the embankment dam showed sufficient factors of safety for all load cases. Additional modeling will be undertaken prior to construction of the hydropower facility within the boundaries shown in Figure D.9 (refer to Appendix D.2). 4.4.6 Tailrace and Downstream River Bed The tailrace canalisation will be excavated down to 1.067 m MSL at the outlet of the draft tubes. Further downstream, the rock will be excavated on a slope to 1,083.5 m MSL, approximately 70 m downstream of the draft tubes, and continue at this level as far as the location of the (temporary) cofferdam. 4.4.7 Abutments Abutments for the dam are required on the left and right banks. Both abutments will be based on the same design as the dam and use an asphalt core. 4.4.8 Switchyard A 220/132 kV outdoor switchyard will provide the means by which the power station exports its power from the Bujagali hydroelectric facility to the Ugandan national grid. The switchyard will be located on the left (west) bank, adjacent to the powerhouse and immediately upstream of the main access road. This position provides minimum interference with populated areas and other structures, offers the shortest possible power cable conduit, 2 Grouting involves drilling of holes in the rock to approximately 10 m depth and injecting cement grout, which fills fissures in the rock and renders it impermeable. A FS Nile Po'wer 181 Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 and situates the outgoing lines in optimal position. Due to the sloping ground surface, the western end of the switchyard (furthest from the river) will be cut down into the ground, minimizing its visual impact. The switchyard is connected to the powerhouse by a concrete cable duct running along the rockfill dam, and crossing under the access road. The cable duct will be sectioned so that the cables from one unit occupy one section. It will also be designed to hold signal cables and other service functions. A control and relay equipment building will be located within the fenced boundary of the Bujagali switchyard. 4.4.9 Fish Passageway In the "Conditions of Approval" issued by NEMA and dated 01.11.99, item 6, it is stated that AES Nile Power shall fulfil the following obligation: "Ensure integration in the dam design and construction of a fish passageway in order that the dam to be constructed will not adversely affect movement and passage of any migratory fish species in the river." If it is deemed necessary by NEMA for a fish pass to be constructed to allow movement of migratory fish, a fish pass will be constructed within the power station. The fish pass will be constructed within the temporary diversion channel, between the power station bay and the radial gate bay, during the Stage 2 works. Due to the innovative design required to facilitate the passage of fish over a 22 m head, further studies are required. AESNP and NEMA will undertake post-construction studies once approval for the project has been received. The effectiveness of the fish passage will be monitored and documented, as stipulated in Section 7.3. 4.4.10 Access Roads Implementation of the project will require construction of about 6.7 km of new roads and tracks as shown in Figure 1.2. A new road will be required on the west bank in order to transport heavy construction and project equipment to the project area. The new road will branch off the Jinja to Kayunga state highway, about 8 km north of Owen Falls and run for approximately 700 m through the project site. Similarly, a new road will be required to provide temporary access to the site from the east bank. This road will be gravelled. Upon completion of construction, the road will be returned to its previous natural state, unless local residents prefer that the road remain in place. During construction, the west bank AES Nile Power 182 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Faciiqv EL4 Chapter 4 road will be gravelled. Upon completion of construction, the west bank road will be refurbished and then asphalted. A paved parking area, large enough to accommodate a minimum of 12 vehicles, will bc sited close to the power station entrance. This parking area will also serve as a turning point for large transport trailers. Secondary paved or unpaved parking areas will be located: on top of the dam; and, between the road, power station and the switchyard embankment. There will be a permanent sealed road across the top of the embankment, 7.5 m wide, with a 1.5 m wide pedestrian lane on one side. This road may become a permanent, public access road if the GoU agrees to assume responsibility for the road upon completion of coiistruction. Access to the project site will be controlled via gates at either side of the river, with the left bank being the major access. 4.4.11 Impoundment The Full Supply Level (FSL) of the reservoir impounded by the Bujagali embankment will be 1,11 1 .5 m MSL, the level of the Owen Falls dam tail water. This arrangement will command a gross head of 22 m and a corrcsponding installed capacity of 250 MW. Details for the new impoundment are presented in Figure 4.6. Co-ordinates for the Setting-Out Points (SOPs) that delineate land acquisition requirements are provided in Tables 4.5 and 4.6 below. AES Vile Power 183 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 WEST BANK SOP. CO-ORDINATES SOP EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING 1 514799.2 56201.5 35 516102.2 54299.2 45h 516872.3 53381.1 50a 517527.9 52826.6 2 514641.0 56033.0 36 516123.7 54310.3 46a 516919.7 53353.1 50b 517581.6 52806.9 3 514631.2 56005.8 37 516186.4 54316.2 46b 516926.8 53247.6 50c 517597.5 52791.4 4 514791.2 55586.2 38 516237.6 54311.4 46c 516938.8 53225.7 50d 517606.7 52770.6 5 514577.3 55510.5 39 516318.3 54318.0 46d 516950.0 53221.1 50e 517608.0 52752.7 6 514448.6 55426.1 40 516341.6 54396.0 46e 516946.6 53195.3 50f 517616.4 52722.6 7 514509.0 55317.1 41 516384.2 54154.0 46f 516982.3 53153.9 50g 517636.7 52679.7 8 514328.7 55191.3 |42a 516680.7 53591.4 469 517060.6 53131.2 50h 517645.2 52655.7 9 514344.5 55166.0 42b 516680.6 53544.7 46h 517072.1 53116.0 501 517637.0 52631.0 10 514518.1 55287.1 42c 516666.9 53520.2 47a 517088.2 53110.3 B 517658.5 52635.6 514605.7 54925.7 42d 516624.0 53489.4 47b 517116.2 53115.7 300 514631.0 55391.5 12 514670.3 54813.7 42e 516605.1 53440.9 47c 517137.1 53104.1 301 514610.2 55491.2 514834.6 54891.2 42f 516597.6 53420.3 47d 517156.1 53098.4 302 514952.5 55646.0 515114.0 54920.6 43a 516619.4 53473.6 47e 517190.6 53100.3 303 515208.8 55700.0 515140.9 54826.7 43b 516668.6 53505.3 47f 517224.4 53083.6 307 515294.0 55079.0 515179.2 54832.2 43c 516708.9 53572.2 479 517244.6 53083.6 308 514688.0 55103.0 17 515225.5 54842.0 43d 516734.4 53565.4 47h 517255.4 53056.7 309 514638.0 55356.0 515266.9 54855.4 43e 516751.7 53573.6 48a 517196.8 53014.1 19 515273.6 54830.0 43f 516758.0 53595.0 48b 517185.6 53001.6 20_ 515310.3 54739.3 44a 516814.1 53667.1 48c 517191.9 52973.7 21 515323.0 54681.4 44b 516836.0 53696.5 48d 517226.2 52958.5 22 515340.0 54624.0 44c 516859.0 53696.1 48e 517288.1 52971.0 23 515424.4 54644.7 44d 516885.6 53717.6 48f 517301.7 52971.2 24 515505.1 54489.4 44e 516887.3 53745.8 48g_ 517313.6 52966.8 25 515657.0 54384.1 44f 516904.1 53724.7 48h 517348.4 52972.4 2£L_ 515724.7 54352.4 44g 516901.1 53698.1 49a 517374.3 52984.3 27 515841.6 54372.6 44h 516858.2 53660.6 49b 517393.4 53016.6 515873.0 54363.5 45a 516843.8 53619.0 49c 517403.4 53017.0 9_ 515916.7 54343.9 45b 516827.3 53593,6 49d 517415.8 52992.7 30 515961.8 54299.3 45c 516811.8 53539.2 49e 517448.2 52976.4 31 516018.0 54286.5 45d 516820.5 53504.3 49f 517465.1 52951.5 516050.9 54270.0 45e 516819.0 53482.1 49g 517469,1 52924.7 33 516076.1 54223.9 45f 516839.1 53424.2 49h 517510.3 52888.7 ___34_516085.0 54260.7 459 516863.3 53409.9 AES Nile Power Pft P=h, 2001 Bujagaliiwc hlydropower Facility EIA Chapter 4 EAST BANK SOP. CO-ORDINATES SOP EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING S EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING SOP EASTING NORTHING A 517740.1 53655.5 54a 578. 5465.9 57b 5161. 41457 1797.2 55350.4 99 51t5564.8 55505.6 51~~~~~~~~~~~_1706 4 1278 58457 51 517700.9 53667.5 54b 517067-3 54376.7 57c 516200.2 54821.8 7 st58618.7 55289.B 304 StS591.8 55470.2 51a 517664.7 53701.7 54c 516956.3 54396.0 57d 516182.8 54844.6 76 518621.9 55280.3 305 515875.0 55458.3 Sib 517535.9 53651.8 54d 516941.2 543B8.7 57e 1202.3 54997.7 77 51 B363,1 55197.3 306 516029.3 55224.3 Slc 517454.0 53709.7 54e 516926.1 54402.4 57f 517627.6 55023.2 7A 518359.5 55207.3 Std 517419.6 53732.1 541 5168976 54450.5 57q 516236,6 55044.9 79 516093.6 55159.8 51e 517396,1 53758.9 54g 516854 4 54490.1 57h 516270.9 S5055.1 R 516095.3 55150.0 51f 517360.2 53775.5 54h 516824.3 54496.3 57j 516288.7 55070.7 517733.5 55091.3 51 517332.0 53798.6 5Sa 516792.6 54534.8 57k 516308.4 55077.2 517731.9 55101.2 51h 517304.6 53831.7 55b 516743.2 54552.6 58 516316.1 55045.6 .. 517662.4 55100.8 517297.5 53846.9 55c 516697.8 54578.5 59 516914.1 55135.1 84 517625.9 55127.3 52b 517266.2 53869.7 55 516680 6 54609.1 60 516973.8 55255.3 517620.3 55118.6 52c 517221.6 53954.6 SSe. 516658.7 54619.5 61 517027.0 55245.2 517492.0 55202.5 52d 517213.5 53977.8 55 516661.3 54669.6 62 517163.2 55231.2 j, 517076.9 55276.5 52e 517202,2 53991.2 SSg 516642.9 54695,1 63 516363.1 55197.3 RS 517078.7 55286.3 _52f 517181.5 54010.0 SSh 516625.6 54724.6 64 517375.5 55174.7 89 516996.6 55301.9 52q 517175.4 54031.0 56a 516592.9 54743.1 65 517489.6 55169.0 90 517053.9 55415.4 52h 517176.5 54044.0 56b 516556.3 54769.3 66 517683.9 55052.9 .t 516943.3 55497.1 53a 517167.5 54067.6 56c 516502.3 54785.6 67 518100.6 55120.3 . 92 516814,4 55307.8 53b 517144.6 54094.1 56d 616474.4 54722.4 68 516102.3 55110.5 93 516562.9 55291.0 53c 517138.9 54121.1 56e 516467.8 54700.8 69 510376.3 55161.5 94 516563.5 55281.1 53d 517112.9 54157.8 56f 5164289 54704.8 70 516373.6 55168.9 95 . 516397.9 55357.7 53e 517079.9 54210.7 56g 516385.8 54762.7 71 518631.5 55251.9 96 516216.1 55466.0 53f 517361.4 54250.4 56h 516325.3 54785.2 72 510634.7 55242.4 97 51604.5 55609.9 533 517067.9 54300.6 [57 516256,9 54805.1 73 518791.3 55205.1 516114.2 55705.4 53h 5179.6 54331.8 AES Nile Power 185 March, 2001 BujagaIi Hydropower Project EIA Chapter 4 With this arrangement, Dumbbell Island, the rapids in the vicinity of the island, Bujagali Falls and most of the small islands upstream to the Owen Falls dam will be inundated. The higher elevations of a number of the larger islands upstream of Dumbbell Island (namely those at Bujagali Falls) will be preserved within the reservoir. The islands within the area to be inundated total 48.34 ha. Of the 48.34 ha, 13.06 ha will not be flooded and will form smaller islands than at present. The area of inundation will largely be confined within the banks of the present Nile channel, and will amount to 388 ha, excluding islands. This represents an increase of 80 ha over the current 308 ha river surface area between the proposed Bujagali dam and the Owen Falls dam. In addition to 35.28 ha of islands that will be inundated, 44.72 ha along the riverbank will be inundated. The impoundment will have a relatively small live storage volume of 12.8 million mn3 at 1,108.0 m MSL, which is sufficient for 2.75 hours of energy production at peak output. Ciross storage volume will be 54.0 million m3. The retention time of water in the impoundment will be limited to 0.5 to 0.7 days, largely depending on the installed capacity and the operating arrangements for the conjunctive use of Owen Falls and Bujagali power stations. Detailed procedures are anticipated to manage the dispatch of the Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension and Bujagali projects to meet system demands. The procedures are expected to include the potential hydraulic constraints in the river uupstream near Ripon Falls and the operation of the small Bujagali reservoir storage. Project dispatch rules are expected to be developed by UEB to allow for the optimal use of the three power stations, as it would not be appropriate to operate the Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension plants in isolation from the Buj agali project. Additional work is anticipated in order to develop the dispatch procedures for the projects. Preparation of plant dispatch tools is understood to be the responsibility of UEB and should not impose unusual risks on AESNP. Energy losses due to wastage of water due to operating inefficiency will not affect the revenue to AESNP and should not affect UEB until the system demand grows closer to the theoretical capability of the generating facilities. 4.4.12 Security, Fences and Gate Houses A security perimeter fence will be installed along both embankments, securing the project site (refer to Figure 4.6). Internal fences will be installed around separate sensitive structures, such as the switchyard, water intake, water treatment works, etc. The fencing will be a chain A ES Aile Power 186 March, 2001 Bujagali Hydropower Project EIA Chapter 4 link fence topped with three strands of barbed wire. The fence will be 2.3 metres high above ground level, with concrete posts spaced at 3 m. The chain link will be 50 mm mesh of ten and a half gauge galvanized wire. Line wires and barbed wire will be galvanized. Gates and gatepost will match the fence and have galvanized frames. The main access road will have a boom to control road traffic, as well as a gatehouse. There will be a pedestrian gate at least 1.1. m wide, between matching gate posts. On the east bank, the security fence will have a double gate 6 m wide in order that the temporary access road leading from the Jinja-Ivunamba Road can be closed off as required. Security lighting will be provided at structures such as the power station entrance, the dam crest, svitchyard, other major structures and parking areas. 4.4.13 Labour Force and Accommodation A water treatment plant will be located on the west bank, irnmediately upstream of the switchyard. The treatment plant will provide water to World Health Organisation (WHO) drinking water standards and will be fully automated. Details are provided in Chapter 5. A sewage disposal system will treat sewage arising from the project. The system will be located downstream of the workshop area on the west bank. Details are provided in Chapter 5. Solid waste management and hazardous materials management are discussed in detail in Section 7.3. During the operational phase, approximately 29 full time staff will be required on site. Accommodation for skilled and unskilled workers will be in Jinja, with the workers bussed to the site. AES Nile Power 187 March, 2001 Bujagali Hydropower Project EJA Chapter 4 This page is intentionally blank. AES Nile Power 188 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility E1A Chapter 5 5. PROJECT CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES 5.1 Life Cycle Overview Implementation of the Bujagali hydropower facility will include several components and project activities, such as: * The purchase and transportation of construction materials; * Temporary works, such as coffer dams, quarries, borrow area and haul roads; * The activities required to construct and commission the hydropower facility; * The permanent physical structure of the hydropower facility, including the dam and power station, ancillary buildings and the substation; * The labour force, its accommodation and welfare; * The activities and effects of operating and maintaining the hydropower facility; and, * Potential activities during the decommissioning phase. These specific facility characteristics and their associated activities result in the potential for environmental and social impacts during the planning and acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance stages of the project life cycle. Experience and understanding of how these project characteristics affect the biological, physical, and socio-economic environments form the basis for the prediction and assessment of the potential impacts of the project. A life cycle analysis identifies the major issues and concerns that are likely to evolve over the life of a project. For a power generation project, these issues are location and design, construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. These issues have been considered during the EIA prior to any irreversible actions being undertaken by AESNP, its contractors, and other project associates. The following sections identify the key activities to be completed and facilities to be constructed and operated over the lifetime of this project. The selected Construction Contractor for the hydropower facility is the Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC). The structure of the consortium is outlined below in Figure 5.1. AES Nile Power 189 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Figure 5.1: Organogram of Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC) Structure of Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC) BEC BUJAGALI CONSTRUCTION CONSORTIUM BUJAGALI SUPPLY CONSORTIUM Veidekke (Norway)'/ Alstom Power (Switzerland) Ltd* Skanska (Sweden) (J/V), ABB Distribusjon AS (Norway) ABB (Kenya), Alstom (Norway), GE (Canada) GE Energy (Norway) AS CIVIL DESIGN Lahmeyer International (Germany)*1 Norplan (Norway) (J/V) TRANSMISSION SYSTEM To be appointed 'consortium or Joint Venture leader BEC will be responsible for engineering, procurement and construction of both the hydropower and the transmission system components of the Bujagali project. 5.2 Hydro Dam Construction 5.2.1 General The site of the hydropower facility is located at Dumbbell Island, near the source of the Victoria Nile in Uganda (Figure 1.1). The project will initially comprise a 200 MW power station housing 4 x 50 MW Kaplan turbine generation units with associated dam (maximum height of 30 m) and spillway works. An additional generator bay will be constructed, to provide the option of installing a fifth turbine unit at a later date, which will bring the hydropower facility's capacity to 250 MW. Figure 5.2 details the proposed layout of the temporary works and should be used as the construction reference for this section. The construction process can be broken down into a number of distinct components, as follows. Note that the months specified are in relation to the Commencement Date as defined by the EPC contract. This date is dependent on the date of financial approval of the project AES Vile Power 190 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 by the Government of Uganda and the various lenders. For the purposes of this EIA, it is assumed to be 1 July 2001. * Mobilisation: MI to M9 * Engineering, Procurement and Transportation * Works to set up the diversions: M4 to M6 (Stage 1 diversion) and M32 to M33 (Stage 2 diversion) * Power station construction: MI to M42 (assuming only 4 generating units constructed) * Spillway construction: MI I to M32 * Tailwater excavation: M1 3 to Ml 8 * Dam construction: M12 to M41 * Switchyard construction: M7 to M34 * Transmission line construction: Ml to M39 (covered by separate EIS report) * Commissioning: M42 to M48 A summarv program for the various components and main subcomponents of the construction process is provided in Figure 5.3. AES Nile Power 191 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 This page is intentionally left blank. AES Nile Power 192 March, 200I LEGEND: Roads, temporcry roods '711500 000 &0- 00-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~010 0030 0 00 N~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~, ssU- -=ii 000i C-te Source BEC (und _t_ _ t @ BU~~~~~rJecNWAGAII HYDRjOPOWE Date MARCH,200 Go53HB Figure 5.2 M'Flll ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~' Prpared for: -- X STAGE I TEMPORARY WORKS KK-49 AES NILE POWER PAGE I OF 2 LEGEND: Roods, temporary roads 4WivE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tr 0 12 3( 400 ___ <010~~~~~~~~~~o Ama~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A V;t A~ -ProjectName. AD@ Prepamd for:- STAGE 2 TEMPORARY WORKS 6'l AES ANIE POWER Page 2 of 2 Figure 5.3: Proposed Constrsucon Tlmeline r 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 lD Task Nase Durabon Q tr 3 Otr 4 Otr I Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Otr| Qtr2 1 tr3 Qtr4 QtrI Qtr2 Otr3 Otr4 Qtri Qtr 2 Qtr 3 I Approval of Project By Lenders 0 days - . _ 2 Mobilisation 255 days . 3 Contractor commences site work 0 days 4 Access/Haul roads 210 days BB 5 Site Installabons 150 days BEC 6 Batching plants 195 days BEC 7 Crusher 150 days Be: 8 Quarry preparation 90 days BEC 9 Diversion 907.5 days 10 Stage 1 Diversion 150 days 11 Stage 2 Diversion 37.5 days _, BEC 12 Powerstation construction 1210 days 13 Manufacturlng/Engineerng start 0 days 14 Foundaton excavation 120 days BE 15 Unit 1 Powerhouse, Intake a Tailrace 700 days B _EC 16 Unit 2 Powerhouse, Intake &Tailrace 700 days B DEC 17 Unit 3 Powerhouse, sntake & Tailrace 700 days I BE 18 Unit 4 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace 700 days L EC 19 Unit 5 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace (optonal) 700 days B BEC 20 Spillway construction 660 days _ 21 E&M/Civil works 660 days B - DEC 22 Tailwater Excavation 120 days __ 23 Taitwater Excavabon 120 days 24 Dam construction 910 days 25 Dumbbell Island 420 days - EC 26 West Bank 390 days BEC 27 East Bank 730 days i - - - 28 Reservoirfilling 15 days _ _ 4 c 29 Bujagali Switchyard Construction 780 days . 30 avil Works 420 days DEC 31 Elechical Installabon 480 days - - BEC 32 CommissIoning 240 days _ I __,______ _ _ 33 Dry, wet and performnance tests 240 days [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _I_ __ _ _ _ _EC__ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Protect: Hydro Consolidated Ples (99) Task Milestone * Summary - - Rolled up task Date: Sat 4t7101 Figure 5,3 (Proposed Construction timeline) liujagali Project Ijvdropower Facility EIA Clhapter 5 5.2.2 Mobilisation The mobilisation phase will involve establishment of the site, such that construction of temporary and permanent works can commence. 5.2.2.] Worker Acconmmodation A maximum of 1500 labourers are expected to be required on site during the constr-uction phase. These labourers will largelv be recruited locally, with preference given to displaced landholders and labourers from affected communities if they have the necessary qualifications. A construction related job-training programme will be run for local people. Details are included in Section 7.5.1.2. In addition, there will be an estimated 100 European expatriate workers and 300 Third- Country Nationals (e.g. Kenyans), who are semi-skilled workers with relevant experience from previous projects in the region. Construction workers who are not local residents (i.e the 400 expatriate staff), will be housed in the existing labour camp near Jinj'a, which is currently uitilized by the Owen Falls Extension construction workforce. This camp has both bachelor and family accommodation. At the time of peak worker numbers (i.e. months 24-36), the camp's bachelor accommodation wIll be utilised at 65% of capacity and family accommodation will be used at 100% of capacity. BEC will run buses between the Jinja construction camp and the construction site at every shift change. Additional buses will collect labourers from local villages at roadside en route to the site. No staff, other than security guards, will be accommodated overnight on the construction site. 5.2.2.2 Site Services Fencing The area of the power station and major auxiliary works will be permanently fenced in on either side of the river, with fences going straight down the banks to below lowest operational water level, as shown in Figure 1.2. AES Nile Power 199 March, 200I Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Electricity Electricity will be supplied to the site by a connection which will be made (by UEB) from the existing 33 kV transmission line that runs along the Jinja-Kayunga highway on the west bank. In addition, backup diesel generators (4 x 800 kV) will be installed within the industrial area of the site, and will provide 80-1 00% redundancy in case of electricity failure from the grid. The locations of the site transformer station (to which the network connection will be made) and the generator station are shown on Figure 5.4. A transformer station to be located in the generator/workshop area will supply power at 11 kV to the crushing plant, the concrete and asphalt batching plants, and the de-watering pumps. AES Nile Power 200 March, 2001 Source: BEC, (undated) BUJA6ALI HYDROPOWER Date. MARCH, 2001 G0503-H 81 Figure 5.4 FACILITY EIA | 3 _J Prepared for: AES NILE POWER MOBILISATION PLAN Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilir, E1A Chapter 5 Drinking and Process Water Treatment Preliminary process diagrams for handling and treatment of drinking and process water for the site are included in Figure 5.5. A drinking water treatment plant for the complex will be placed inside the fenced permanent land take area. The plant will provide safe, potable water in required quantities, pumped to outlets under pressure. Preliminary investigations by BEC have indicated that an aquifer exists on the west bank that has water of adequate quality to supply drinking water to the site. One option for supplying drinking water is for a borehole to be installed, which will draw from this aquifer. Otherwise raw water will be taken from the River Nile in the same way as for process water (see below). The decision as to which source will be used is subject to ongoing investigations bcing carried out by BEC to determine the yield from the aquifer, and potential drawdown effects on the aquifer (and therefore on local water supply wells). Regardless of the final souree, raw water will be treated by pH adjustment, optional potassium permanganate dosing, aeration, iron and manganese filtration and chlorine disinfection (Figure 5.5). The design capacity of the treatment plant will be 3 m3/h. Site process water (for use in workshops, and for concrete production, cleaning, road wetting, firefighting systems ctc.) will be taken from the River Nile at the pumping station on the west bank. This water will be pumped via a pipeline to tanks at the highest point on the site (near the workshop in the industrial area), Water quality analysis indicates that this water will be able to be used without treatment (information provided by BEC, from samples taken in December 2000). Howevcr, the abstraction system will include provision for dosing with chemical flocculant followed by sedimentation, should suspended sediment levels in the river water inean that such treatment is required. All effluent will meet NEMA and WBG water quality standards. Site Drainage and Waste Water Treltmint All foul and process water streams will be treated to NEMA/WBG standards (with the most stnngent standard applied) prior to digoharge to the Piver Nile or to soakaways. Prelminary process diagrams for handling and treatment of waste water from the site are included in Figure 5.5. An interceptor drain will be installed along the fenceline at the southem end of the site, to divert surface water flow away from the site, and into the Nile downstream. AE5 Mile Power 201 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hlydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Within the site, drainage will be installed such that all surface water flow, including seepage water into the area between the coffer dams, will be intercepted and pagged through a sedimentation basin, to be located in the river channel upstream of the downstream Stage I coffer dam. The sedimentation basin will comprise two parallel sedimentation dams that will be operated continuously, except during sludge removal, when only one dam will operate. Oil separation will be carried out using skimmers on the surface of the dams. The system will also include provision for dosing with chemical flocculant upstream of the sedimentation basin, in the event that this is required in order to achieve NEMA standards for suspended solids in the final effluent. Effluent from the sedimentation basin will be pumped over the downstream coffer dam, and discharged into the Nile. Wastewater streams from the canteen and the workshops will pass through a sludge eparltor before flowing to an infiltration bed, which will remove the majority of organic material. In addition, the canteen wastewater stream will pass through a grease separator, and the .workshop wastewater stream will pass through an oil separator, both upstream of the sludge separator. The final effluent will be discharged to the Nile, at a quality meeting the Ugandan national standard. DEC is investigating two options for disposal of wastewater from site ablutions blocks, both of which will achieve NEMA and WBG effluent standards (whichever is most stringent). The first is a closed circuit system, whereby effluent gravitates to a 'tight tank', and is then transported off site by tanker, to the Jinja Municipality treatment works. This option will not be adopted unless it can be demonstrated that the effluent will receive treatment to NEMA standards. The second option involves treatment and disposal on site. Under this option, the effluent stream would join the streams from the canteen and workshops before sludge separation, treatment in the infiltration bed and discharge to the Nile. Storage of fHazardous Materials Diesel fuel for the backup generators and site vehicles will be stored in 50 m3 tanks, as shown in the sample drawing in Figure 5.6. The tank area will be enclosed by a bund capable of storing the entire tank capacity in case of leakage or other accident, and a 1 m3 capacity sump with a central drain, to collect any diesel spilled during filling of tankers etc. Construction vehicles will be re-fueled by tankers that will collect diesel from this central store and distribute it to vehicles around the site. AES Nile Power 204 March, 2001 DRINKING WATER COMPRESSED AIR ph-ADJUSTMENT DISINFECTION DOSING IRO KMnO4 MANGANESE ) TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPTIONAL FILTER [ -j1 DRAINAGE AND LEAKAGE WATER FROM WATER RESERVOIR A CONSTRUCTION SITE ph-ADJUSTMENT TO RECIPIENT CHEMICAL 7 FLOCCULANT SEDIMENTATION (OPTION) DAMS SEWAGE TREATMENT - SITE OFFICE GREASE SEPARATOR/\ KS;TAURANT TO RECIPIENT I RESTAURANT 1 -0 l l SLUDGEA /WATER FOR CONCRETE PRODUCTION SEPARATOR INFILTRATION WORKSHOPS DOSING OF OIL / RIVE CHEMICAL SEPARATOR FLOCCULANT OPTION DEPENDING TO PRODUCTION ON WATER QUALITYL SEDIMENTATION WATER RESERVOIR Source: SKANSKA (2001) Project Name: D _ BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH 2001 G0503_H_79 Figure 5.5 POWER Prepared for: PRINCIPAL (PRELIM INARY ) IM2 AES NILE POWER LAYOUT - WATER HANDLING 3 800 _00 t 38000 so 3o00 2 30 200 - | _ ) 2000E 1=c~ t' I .1 I ¢ PP i FUEL STORAGE TLK SN CF SUP TORT |, SUMP '1201 '1200'750 DEEP SUMFECIDE ACCOPOINGLY TO THE TANK SLPPLI0= EL TOATI ON[ ETT nRAlP CI ELEVATION Source; SKANSKA (1999) Drawing: SA-038 Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH 2001 G0503_H_46 Figure 5.6 AD PN EE R, Prepared for -IX DIESEL FUEL STORAGE AES NILE POWER_ Buijagali Project Hydropower Facilit7y EMA Chlpter S Other hazardous chemicals, such as hydraulic fluid, will be stored in locked buildings, which will also be bunded to contain spills. The site drainage will be such that all overland flow will pass through the settlement ponds at the lower end of the west bank complex. This will also serve as an interceptor, and will hold back oil or other chemicals from being released into the Nile in case of a major spill. This will give site staff time to react, e.g. by pumping out trapped oil and disposing of it appropriately. In accordance with Ugandan law, explosives such as the dynamite charges used to detonate the ammonium nitrate/diesel blasting compound, will be left in the custody of the Army. The Army storage site is some 30 km from Bujagali, and the Army will deliver daily supplies of dyrnamite to the Bujagali site. It is intended that the temporary workshop buildings to be erected on site will be re-used from the Owen Falls Extension Project (OFEP). Solid Waste Management BEC will use four options for handling of solid waste generated at the site: burial, burning, distribution to local users, or returning to the supplier. The latter option will be used for hazardous waste, and will be part of the supply contracts. Details of provisions for management of solid waste generated on site during the construction phase are outlined in Chapter 7. 5.2.2.3 Access and Haul Roads Layout Implementation of the project will require construction of about 6.7 km of new roads. Roads to be constructed comprise the following: (letters correspond with the labels on Figure 5.7). A. Permanent access to the site from the Jinja to Kayunga road on the west bank (length 700 m from the public highway to the west bank of the Nile), branching off from the main road about 8 km north of Owen Falls. This will be the main means of access to the site from the public highway network, and will be sealed upon completion of construction, for use during operation. AES ,Vile Power 209 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 5 B. A temporary road to the dam site from the public highway on the east bank (length 200 m from the existing track through Namizi, but requiring widening of approximately 1 km of the existing track). This will be used only for a limited amount of abutment, foundation and grouting works at the eastern end of the dam site. Installation of the asphalt concrete core, and the rockfill (which will result in the vast majority of vehicle movements) will take place from the west bank. C. A haul road along the west bank from road A to the quarry site near Buloba (length 2.1 km). This will be established above 1, I 1 1.5 mASL, and therefore will provide the option of remaining after construction to give permanent access along this section of the west bank. This will be the main access route to the west bank quarry, but will only be used for haulage of quarried materials to the dam working site during Stage 2 (road D will be used during Stage 1). D. A temporary haul road along the axis of Dumbbell Island across the upstream Stage 1 coffer dam (see below), connecting road C and the dam/power station site (length approximately 2.2 km including side branches for access to the western river channel, the power station and the dam working site). Initial access for construction of this road will be via a ferry to be operated between the eastern end of road A and the northern end of Dumbbell Island. It will be used for the construction of the upstream Stage 1 coffer dam, after which the road will be extended along the crest of the cofferdam, to connect with access road C, approximately 200 m north of the quarry area. It will also be used for construction of the three other coffer dams at the appropriate times. This route will be the primary means of transportation of rock from the quarry to the dam area during Stage 1. E. An access road from road A to the rock stockpile, aggregate crushing and concrete/asphalt production area (length approximately 500 m). This will be sealed upon completion of construction, and will form a permanent access road to the tailrace and spillway area of the site. F. A road along the crest of the main dam, which will give a permanent river crossing after completion of the works (length 1 km along the dam crest). Temporary access to these facilities will only be within land acquired for the project. AESINilePower 210 March, 2001 Roads A- E- F- *PfhUC ACCESS TO EWE arojla Hot- [.- rm tWq Source: BEC, (undated) Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER De MARC5201 uH86e Figure 5.7 N LE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FACILITY EIA la OWLR .Nk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-', a,. Prepared for too ~~AES NILE POWER ACCESS & HAUL ROADS Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Roadworks Areas to be provided and surfaced using the following methods will include: * Main access road linking the power station and dam site with the State Highway; * Access roads to the power station, switchyard, water treatment plant, workshop and store areas; * Parking areas; * Dam crest, and, * Turning circle(s) on the east bank. Two or three bulldozers working simultaneously during the first six weeks of the construction period will clear these areas. A laterite base layer will be laid using material won from the future switchyard area. This will be overlain by a gravel wearing course, which will use material from the main (Buloba) quarry area, and will be crushed by a temporary crushing plant erected near the entrance to this quarry. Additional vehicles that will be needed at this stage are 5-6 excavators, approximately 10 trucks, and rollers. In general, a single layer of coarse gravel shall be placed on the prepared base for use during the construction period. Once construction traffic has ceased to operate on the access roads, and after suitable refurbishment of the surface, base and blacktop surface layers shall be added. As a minimum, the blacktop will consist of a tack coat followed by a double spray and chip finish coat. All roadworks shall comply with the requirements of the "Governnent of Uganda - Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication - General Specification for Road and Bridge Works". Roads will consist of a single, two-lane carriageway wide enough to accommodate power station service vehicles. The finished width of the second spray and chip layer shall be no less than 6 m. The finished width of the tack coat and first layer shall be no less than 7 m. Pedestrian access routes will be maintained to the spring on the west bank near the site boundary, and to the existing washing areas to the immediate north and south of the site on the west bank. Refer to Figure 5.7. AES Nile Power 213 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Site Leveling During the mobilization phase, areas of the site to be occupied by permanent and temporary works will be. leveled using the same earthmoving equipment as used for construction of the access roads. This process will involve excavation of land above the required level and using the spoil to fill in areas below this level. The three areas where substantial leveling will be required are: * The rock stockpile, crushing plant, concrete and asphalt batching plant area (to a level of approximately 1,100 mASL); * The office, canteen, dispensary and marketplace area near the west gate (to a level of approximately 1,137 mASL); and, * The switchyard area (to a level of approximately l,126 mASL). 5.2.2.4 Quarries A total of 1,000,000 m3 of fresh rock is needed for the hydropower facility, comprising 700,000 m3 of rock fill for the dam itself, and 300,000 m3 for other purposes, such as concrete production, cofferdams and access road construction. Four potential sources of rockfill materials have been identified within the land acquisition area, as follows (refer to Figure 5.2): 1. The main rock quarry site, near Buloba on the west bank, with the yield dependent on the final quarry depth and area (see Table 5.1 below). The amount of rock taken from this site depends on the amount available from the other three sources as identified below; 2. Rock from quanrying at the upstream end of Dumbbell Island (estimated at 150,000 m3 of mixed amphibolite and argillite, in unknown ratios, assuming 15 m excavation depth from present ground level); 3. Rock resulting from the powerhouse excavation (estimated at 200,000 m3 of high quality amphibolite, and 40,000 m3 of medium quality argillite); and, 4. Rock resulting from spillway and tailrace excavation (estimated at approximately 175,000 m3 of mixed amphibolite and argillite, in unknown ratios). AES Nile Power 214 March, 2001 Bujagali Project *Ivdropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 The yield from sources 3 and 4 will be determined by the extent of foundation excavation required, and is estimated to be approximately 415,000 m3, which leaves an additional 385,000 m3 required from sources 1 and 2. Assuming an excavation depth of 15 m from the present ground level, source 2 (Dumbbell Island) will yield 150,000 m3. Therefore source 1 will have to provide the remaining amount of approximately 265,000 m3, possibly more if the quality of rock from sources 2 and 4 is unisatisfactory, or less if the excavation at source 2 is deeper than 15 m. Table 5.1 outlines three scenarios for development of the main quarry area (source 1), and illustrates how the size and depth will vary depending on the quality of rock from this and the other sources. The exact area of the main quarry will not be known until additional drilling is completed and excavation is underway, and therefore the extent of suitable fresh rock is known. However, the surface area is expected to be in the order of 20.000 m2 (2 ha), assuming a 20 m excavation depth. Regardless of its final size, the quarry will be excavated in three areas, from north to south. The overburden and unsuitable (e.g. weathered) rock from Area I will be stored temporanrly in Areas 2 and 3, while fresh rock is being taken from Area 1. When excavation from Area I is complete, it will be backfilled with the original overburden and unsuitable rock, then filled with the same materials from Area 2, likewise for Area 3. Table 5.1: Rock Yield From Main Quarry Area (Near Buloba) At Various Quarry Sizes And Excavation Depths. Total Fresh rock Fresh rock Fresh rock Fresh rock material to yield with yield with yield with yield with be removed 15 m 20 m 25 m 30 m Sceai Surface excavation excavation excavation excavation area (mi) before fresh depth from depth from depth from depth from uncovered ground ground ground ground ,3 surface surface surface surface \m) (m3) (m3) (m3) (m3) 1. Small (70 m x 120 33,600 92,400 134,400 176,400 218,400 quarry m=) 8,400 2. (70 m x 250 16,0 14,0 24,0 3400 4000 Medium m=) 20,000 1600l40,00 240:000 34,0 40,0 quarry__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ quargy (140 x 250 350,000 175,000 350,000 525,000 700,000 Source: BEC AES Nile Power 215 Mllarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 No natural sand is available within the project site, but fine material generated by the crusher plant will be used whenever possible. However, depending on the quality of fine material generated by crushing local rock, there may be a need for high quality natural sand to be brought in from external sources, e.g for use in certain concrete finishes. The extent of this will not be known until the concrete mix is tested with aggregates produced on the site. If required, natural sand is available at a number of locations within 80 km of the site. Suitable sources that have been identified include a number of sites on Lake Victoria, a site in the Nile Valley about 60 km north of the project area and a site near Iganda on the Jinja- Tororo highway (Knight Piesold, 1998), as shown on Figure 5.8. Environmental oversight of the use of these sources will be subject to the Change Management Procedure as outlined in Chapter 8. 5.2.2.5 Crusher and Batching Plants There are no viable natural sources of coarse or fine aggregate on site. Some gravels are known to exist on the islands and in pockets on the river banks but quantities are small and of variable quality. Therefore, coarse aggregate required for concrete production, and fine aggregate for asphalt production will be produced by crushing rock won from the quarries on site. A crusher plant will be required, which will produce aggregates of various grades from rock won from quarries on site. Batching plants will also be required for concrete production, and for production of asphalt for the asphaltic concrete core dam (refer to Figure 5.9). These will be constructed adjacent to the rock stockpile area at the northern end of the site, in locations shown on Figure 5.4. AES Nile Power 216 March, 2001 NORTH , \ 0,N WMNYA DAM ' KStP ALA 4 , v S EGENDRENLLOTNPL REGIONAL LOCATION PLAN SW ANO RAILWAY A 1mb KABUGOGA 10 0 10 20 30 40r ROAD MUA T- POTENlAL FIN NOWA AGMECATE SXRCEXS WJ1flwE C 6(AUMI () 'POlEENnAL COARSE D IEKA SAND AGGATE SORtCES E WARIElE F Do C BvIJU BJC4GA H MA!" HMJCLYA I ITMO RISMV0KO i LWANIKA K JUA L 9WAEKA ROK SoLrce Knight Piesold (1998). Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503H_7 Figure_5.8 FACILITY EIA PowER Prepared for: LOCATION OF POSSIBLE AES NILE POWER SAND SOURCES >- - Source: Produced by Skako AS, Denmark for Vendekke, Norway (1999) Drawing: C898-042 Project Name: Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H_40 Figure 5.9 AD= PNLEER Prepared for: TYPICAL CONCRETE _____ AES NILE POWER BATCHING PLANT Bujagaii Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 5.2.3 Engineering, Procurement and Transportation Although the majority of the materials for the civil engineering components of the hydropower facility will be produced on site, the mechanical and electrical components will be imported to Uganda from locations around the world (refer to Table 5.2). Table 5.2: Suppliers of Materials, Manufacturers, Location of Manufacture, Testing and Inspection Item Manufacturer Manufacturing Location of Testing Location and Inspection Water turbine model tests GE Hydro Sweden Sweden Water turbines Stayrings Kvamrner Hangfa China China Runner Assemblies GE Hydro Norway, Sweden, Norway, Sweden, Canada Canada Runner hubs a. Castings Skoda Czech Republic Czech Republic Alstom Poland Poland b. Finishing GE Hydro Sweden Sweden Runner blades a. Castings Lokomo Finland Finland Scana-Stavanger Norway Norway b. Finishing Lokomo Finland Finland Scana-Stavanger Norway Norway Shafts GE Hydro Norway Norway Scana - Bjorneborg Sweden Sweden SIDENOR Spain Spain Skoda Czech Republic Czech Republic Temi Italy Italy Fomas Italy Italy Shaft seals GE Hydro or Norway/Sweden/ Norway/Sweden/Can Kvaemer Hangfa Canada/China ada/China Guide bearings GE Hydro or Norway/Sweden/Cana Norway/Sweden/Can Kvaemer Hangfa da/China ada/China Electronic governors GE Hydro Norway Norway Power station cranes Morris Cranes UK UK/Site Kone Finland Finland/Site Munch Norway Norway/Site Mannesnman Demag Germany Germany/Site Butterley UK UK/Site Engineering Germany Gernany/Site l________________________ N oell A ES Nile Power 221 Murch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Table 5.2: Suppliers of Materials, Manufacturers, Location of Manufacture, Testing and Inspection Item Manufacturer Manufacturing Location of Testing Location and Inspection Generators Stator frames, brackets and Nugo Romano Piedimulera, Italy Piedimulera,Iltaly rotor hubs ABB Dolmel Wroclaw, Poland Wroclaw, Poland CMDM Saint-Etienne, France Saint- Etienne, France CMI Cockerill Seraing, Belgium Seraing, Belgium Stator cores EBG Bochum, Germany Bochum, Germany Nippon Steel Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan ABB Industrie Birr Switzerland Birr, Switzerland Stator windings ABB Alstom Birr, Switzerland Birr, Switzerland Power Rotor shafts and thrust Fomas Osnago, Italy Osnago, Italy collars Creusot- Loire Firminy, France Firminy, France Scana, Bjbmeborg, Swed. Bjomeborg, Sweden Buderus Wetzlar, Germany Wetzlar, Germany VSG, Essen, Germany Essen, Germany Sidenor Reinosa, Spain Reinosa, Spain CMI Cockerill, Seraing, Belgium Seraing, Belgium CMDM Saint- Etienne France Saint- Etienne France Nugo Romano Piedimulera Piedimulera Rotor rims CMI Cockerill Seraing, Belgium Seraing, Belgium Sollac Fos sur Mer, France Fos sur Mer, France Tecnolaser Padova, Italy Padova, Italy ABB Unifer Birr, Switzerland Birr, Switzerland Ziind Oberbuiren, Switz Oberbuiren, Switze Pole laminations Alstom Power Birr, Switzerland Birr, Switzerland Pole end plates Laurent La Ricamarie, F La Ricamarie, F Rotor windings Alstom Power Birr, Switzerland Birr, Switzerland Thrust and guide bearings Svenska Bearing Essen, Germany Essen, Germany Braunschweiger Braunschweig, G Braunschweig, G GLS Gleitlager Berlin, Germany Berlin, Germany Excitation equipment Alstom Power Norway/France Norway/France Generators circuit Alstom France France breakers ABB Switzerland Switzerland Transformers Generator transformers Alstom Germany Gernany ABB Sweden/Finland Sweden/Finland Interbus transformers, ABB Sweden/Finland Sweden/Finland Oil handling equipment Fluidex South Africa South Africa Engineering Hydro-mechanical equipment Trash screens - screens Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd AES AVile Power 222 March, 2001 BujagaJi Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Table 5.2: Suppliers of Materials, Manufacturers, Location of Manufacture, Testing and Inspection Item Manufacturer Manufacturing Location of Testing Location and Inspection - trash rake Three Star UK UK Stoplogs Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd - gantry hoist Morris UK UK Spillway gate - gates Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd - upstream stoplogs Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd - downstream stoplogs Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd Draft tube gates Heavy Engineering Kenya Kenya Ltd Main 132 kV equipment Fabrication of structural Lanka Colombo. Sri Lanka Colombo. Sri Lanka steelwork Transformers Flexible busbars and Horten Al Cond. Norway Norway connections Disconnecting and earthing MESA Spain Spain switches Circuit breakers ABB India India Protective relays ABB Sweden / Finland Sweden / Finland Current transformers ABB India India Voltage transformers ABB India India Control and relay panels ABB Norway Norway Instruments CEWE Sweden Sweden Multicore cables BICC Spain Spain Surge diverters ABB Sweden Sweden Main 220 kV equipment Fabrication of structural Lanka Colombo. Sri Lanka Colombo. Sri Lanka steelwork Transformners Flexible busbars and Horten Al Cond. Norway Norway connections Disconnecting and earthing MESA Spain Spain switches Circuit breakers ABB Sweden Sweden Protective relays ABB Sweden / Finland Sweden / Finland Current transformers ABB India India Voltage transformers ABB India India Control and relay panels ABB Norway Norway AES Nile Power 223 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Table 5.2: Suppliers of Materials, Manufacturers, Location of Manufacture, Testing and Inspection Item Manufacturer Manufacturing Location of Testing Location and Inspection Surge diverters ABB Sweden Sweden UEB control centre interface RTU ABB Germany Germany PLC system Teamcom Norway Norway DCS Alstom France France ABB Sweden Sweden Manufacturers listed are those most likely to be chosen. Final choice of manufacturers will be selected from this list. Equipment and materials that will be procured from outside East Afiica will be shipped to the port of Mombasa in Kenya. For equipment and materials other than 'abnormal loads' (50- 250 tonnes) and a small amount of materials unsuitable for rail transport, transportation from Mombasa to Uganda will be by rail to a bonded warehouse in Jinja, a distance of approximately 900 km. There will also be a bonded warehouse within the fenced boundary at the Bujagali site, which will accept goods delivered by road from outside Uganda. Distribution from Jinja to the Bujagali hydropower facility site will be solely by road. Table 5.3 below gives estimates of vehicle movements that will be required for transportation of equipment, materials and personnel to the Bujagali hydropower facility site, from locations within and outside of Uganda. Table 5.3: Estimated Return Journeys To Bujagali Hydropower Facility For Major Equipment, Materials And Workers. Origin of Assumed No. Item Quantity Original Vehicle Vehicle Transportatio Vehicles/ Required Source Movement Type n Period Day To Site 20 75,000 Tororo or .2. Cement t5,000 Toooo Jinja tonne 2 years 5 tonnes Kenya truck 25,000 TBD (within TBD 20 Sand tonnes TBUganda) (within tonne 2 years 2 (estimate) Uganda) truck 1400 TBD, via tn20 < 1 per Bitumen tons Mobs Jinja tonne 2 years we tonnes Mombasa truck week AESIVile Power 224 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Faciit4, EIA Chapter 5 Table 5.3: Estimated Return Journeys To Bujagali Hydropower Facility For Major Equipment, Materials And Workers. Origin of Assumed No. Item Quantity Original Vehicle Vehicle Asportad Vehicles! Required Source Movement Type n Period Day To Site 3 M20m3 Diesel 30,000 m Mombasa Jinja tanker 4 years 1 Europe or 30 Steel 25,000 South Africa inja tonne 2 years I tonnes via trouck Mombasa Heavy plant Various, e.g. 1 (excavators, OFEP or Jinja Truck 3 years (estimate) cranes, trucks) Mombasa Miscellaneous TBD equipmellanto Various (within Truck 4 years ( equipment Uganda) (estimate) Miscellaneous equipment/ ! . 15 1 materials fVaous via Mombasa tonne 4 years (estimate) (unsuitable Momasatruck rail transport) _ Abnormal loads (turbines, 50 units Mombasa Multi- I per generators etc.) (etmt)vaJna Mombasa axle 4 years month up to 300 (estimate) via Jinja truck) tonnes Senior Carl 4- engineering 100 staff Jinja/ Jinja/ wheel 4 years 250 staff/visitors + at peak Kampala Kampala drive light deliveries drI Labourers 1100 peak Jinja and Jinja/ East Bus 4 years 15 local villages Bank TBD = To Be Deternined OFEP = Owen Falls Extension Project Note: Equipment and materials being transported from Mombasa to Jinja will mnove by rail, except for abnormal loads, which will be transpoTted by road. Bitumen will be transported as a solid, in drums. 5.2.4 Diversion Works At the proposed site, the Victoria Nile divides into two fast-flowing channels that cascade down each side of Dumbbell Island. The hydropower development will be constructed in two stages, with the river flow to be diverted either side of Dumbbell Island using coffer dams as outlined below. Figure 5.10 details the cross-sections of the coffer dams and estimated water levels. A ES Nile Power 225 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Projeci Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 Water levels have been estimated for various sections for the two stages, based on the available current information. Maximum water levels at Q=2750 m3/s (Q=discharge). are estimated at 1098 mASL at the upstream end of Dumbbell Island and approximately 1091 mASL at the downstream end. Detailed underwater surveys at the commencement of the construction phase may result in small adjustments in the predicted water levels, with the heights of cofferdams adjusted accordingly. In order to prevent vegetation being carried downstream, it will be cleared from the respective river channel immediately prior to construction of each coffer dam, such that no vegetated land is inundated during diversion. This will require clearance up to the 1100 mASL contour above the coffer dam, sloping down to the 1091 mASL level at the northern tip of Dumbbell Island. After demarcation of this area, clearance will be carried out using hand tools to remove trees and shrubs at ground level. In order to minimize erosion, no digging will be carried out and root systems and grasses will be left intact. Waste material will be made available for use by local people. Any remaining material will be transported to the works compound and disposed of by burning. 5.2.4.1 Stage 1 Diversion Works During Stage 1, the river will initially be diverted though the eastern channel at Dumbbell Island by construction of cofferdams at the upstream and downstream ends of the western channel. The upper coffer dam will be placed at the neck of the falls, while the lower coffer dam will be placed at the downstream end of Dumbbell Island, near the confluence of the two river channels. The coffer dams will be constructed by placing/tipping boulders and rocks into the river. For the upstream Stage 1 cofferdam, this will proceed from the small outcrop in the river near the main quarry on the west bank (using material from the quarry), and from the southern end of Dumbbell Island (using material excavated from Dumbbell Island) simultaneously. Large boulders or, if necessary, pre-cast concrete units will be used to protect against washout as flow velocities progressively increase with the reduction in channel cross-sectional area. After river flow has been controlled, the permeability of the cofferdam will be controlled by the use of an impervious soil blanket. Graded material, together with fibre fabric, will be placed on the upstream side to minimise leakage. The downstream cofferdam will be easier to construct because of its location in still water. A ES Vile Power 226 March, 2001 COMP LEVEL START NG LEVEL C, L C L CLCL . CL ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - CL ' L NATURAL E NATLRAL LOT T:" ~~~~~NATUALO.SLOPE FIRTRET (CLOURE 01 SECOND I lRE ERED T I 4 RET RRI ASTER.- RowN COMPLETE NROD. A LTER NATIVE A STAGE ANSAETRNATURAL SLOPE C 2 CL ACCESSORSAD TEMPORARYTFOAD (EAST FLOWZ EROSON NPROTECTIONISTAGE 10 TEETERS -PLA S TI P TSG ffO BE ~~~~~~BSALERNTIVDB OTl ASRSETXTU;; AN IL tSETARTI}NAEUAL CL t 2E;6Aa-9>_ 16~ RANDOM ROCS FILL R 10m - 2 - - - -I _ ŽL5hFSTAALEI ~NATLRA- bLIPE A > ' - >. 2'FIREFAORC2GEOTEXCTLE __ A_- E1 TABLE ALINATARA SONOITI-NI N, - .- 1 ASSUMED SOTTOM PROFILE SECTION THROUGH DUMBBELL ISLAND FIRET PRE SECOND PNASE 6NTA1LIZ RN SIR G SI.) TYPICAL AECTION, DOWNSTREAM DAM LEFT TANS (EIGHI SANS WEWST) 1100 (DUMBBELL STNDO LEGEND SELECTED ROCK BOULDERS ROTEN 2QUARRIED ROCK ROCKFILL '200 mm 9 E 10 15 ER ENr ASSUMED BOTTOM PROF LE FIBRE FABRIC I GEOTEXTILE eSELECTED CLAY SOIL e RANDOM EXCAVATION FILL ---- . STAGE I STAGE 11 A5IAe TR a - _RWATER DEVESE IC v C N WATER LEVELS SEED -------- -------- "R SR ATI TA A T R AT. TOSS 501(,. ,,I 1000 TOTS) "'o ' SOS 1096 0 00 4 1 lD8T 9 OS 50 1080 9 CLOSURE METHODOLOGY '100 R 940 FSS aSO lOSs 0 10090 DoSS 1000 TOS IIS 2..S OTT7 10900o METTlE 2500 1090TS T1R963 ToO 2500 1OT 191G0 TO27SS lOT 0 1S lUOT 2 OT5T 1090 Z S T Source BEC undated Drawmg: 063 FFD1Rt Nome BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH,2001 GO503_HS3 Figure 5.10 NFCIYPreparedEor A RIVER DIVERSION USING AES NILE POWER COFFERDAMS Bujagali Project 11vdropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 The area between the upper and lower cofferdams will be de-watered to allow construction of the power station, services bay, control building, west bank abutment works and the main and emergency spillways during Stage 1. This will involve pumping water out of the works area, and discharging the water into the Nile downstream of the lower coffer dam. The rockfill dam over Dumbbell Island will also be constructed during Stage 1. To reduce the level of pumping required during the river diversion works within the Stage 1 works area, an interceptor drain will be installed along the northern fenceline of the works area to channel stormwater away from the site to a point in the river downstream of the site. 5.2.4.2 Stage 2 Diversion Works Dunrng the Stage 2 diversion works, the Stage I cofferdams will be removed and the western channel will be reopened to allow water to pass through the newly constructed dam structure. During the Stage 2 diversion, water levels will be a maximum of 1097-98 mASL along Dumbbell Island. Since the main spillway gates will only pass approximately 1,000 m3/s each at this water level, a third diversion passage is required. This will be provided by a temporary opening which, together with the gates, will allow a discharge of 2,750 m3/s. Refer to Figure 5.11. The material recovered from the Stage 1 cofferdams will be used to construct the Stage 2 coffer dams in the eastern channel at the upstream and downstream ends of Dumbbell Island. This will close off the eastern river channel, and the entire river flow will then pass through the main spillway gates and the temporary diversion chute. Following de-watering, the final closure section of the dam will be constructed. Upon completion of the Stage 2 works, the temporary chute will be closed with a permanent concrete slab wall, which will allow space for a fish pass to be constructed, if this is identified as being necessary by studies that are ongoing at the time of writing. De-watering will be required throughout the closure to prevent flooding of the working area. This will involve pumping of water from the works area to a point downstream of the downstream coffer dam. To reduce the level of pumping during Stage 2 of the construction process, the small watercourse that flows into the Nile from the east bank will be diverted so that it discharges downstream of the lower coffer dam. This stream is within the land take area. Diversion of the stream has no social implications. AES Nile Power 229 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 At the completion of construction of the dam and the power station, the Stage 2 cofferdams will be removed using backhoe excavators. Possible re-use of the spoil is discussed below in the 'Site Reinstatement' section. 5.2.5 Dam, Power Station and Reservoir Construction 5.2.5.1 Asphaltic Concrete Core and Rockfill Dam Construction of the dam component of the hydropower facility will commence with blasting and excavation of the foundation area, approximately 20 m below the existing rock level to approximately 1080 mASL (Figure 5.12). The exposed rock will be sealed by grouting with cement grout. The rockfill dam consists of a 0.5 m thick, vertical, asphaltie concrete core surrounded by a processed amphibolite filter, a quarried amphibolite transition zone and quarried amphibolite supporting fill. The inclination of the dam's upstream and downstream slopes will be 1:1.75 and 1:1.65 respectively when founded on rock and 1:3.0 when founded on overburden. The crest level of the dam will be 1114.5 mASL, giving an overall height of 30 m. (Figure 5.12 gives section and plan views of the dam). The dam will be built according to the General Specifications and a Production Programme prepared by BEC (a summary of which is provided in Figure 5.3). The programme takes into account co-ordination between the construction of the general fill and the asphaltic core/transition zone. The foundation for the asphaltic concrete wall requires preparatory works such as: removing overburden in the valley floor; cleaning of the bedrock surface; construction of concrete plinth; and, undemeath the dam. Grouting involves drilling holes in the rock to approximately 10 m depth and injection of cement grout, which fills fissures in the rock and thereby renders it impermeable. The concrete plinth (4 m wide and 0.5 m thick) will be cast in contact with the bedrock and bolted. In sections where the dam will be founded on permeable material such as weathered rock or overburden, a cut-off wall will be constructed (on the west bank) and an impervious barrier (on the east bank). In addition, a clay blanket layer will be installed on the foundation and will extend along the river bed upstream of the dam for several metres. This will provide an impermeable seal to the dam (Figure 5.13). AES Nile Power 230 March, 2001 11ln n 146~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~12 IF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N 7 . M IT - 7 :- ' ulS! 1'0 ,. I rStV XS Ad:~-L_ 1 UPSTREAM VIEW SRJJTASE V !5SS'I ThTD - t LZX _-1t _____ =__ I _ ' S j _ L U--N _ 777J- _ =~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, _SOUrCe. BEC, (I dated) DDaI-g 00 F rPolerct Namer _ i 5SF BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date MARCH, 2001 G9503_H_68 Figure 5.1Ol NIIE FACILITY EIA ~ ~ ~ 11~ ______ PFACILITEIA ILLWAY RADIAL CA _____ AES NILE POWER UP AND DOWNSTREAM VIEW D c C 17 M1s30AC Rockfill Dams Service sheet Power House Overflow Spillway BottDm Outlets AC Rock Fill Dam I -1130 ! 1111.5 FSL l l Dam Crest 1114.5 C 1120 Ground SudWace 1100 1090 Ex _ 1 oao ~~~~~~~~~W )TVF1II' 1080 r>\ rrrrI 1070 Concrete Cut Off Assumed Bedrock 1060 250 30 -200 -150 -100 -50 150 200 250 300 Excavabion Line/ D C B 4-- A E Mast. I AC Rockfill Dams 1130 1120 Dam Crest 1114.5 1120 I - -- 1100 I _ , 1090 ' ~ 0t-r~r7rn -n--- r- i Excavation>i Line 1080 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>~- ' Impervious ILayer 1070 1060 1 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 a 4-J A 4J E 4J METRES .nommoson LONGITUDINAL SECTION 0 20 40 60 80 loom Source: BEG (undated) Drawing: 200 D Projet aLm HYDROPOWER Date MARCH, 2001 G0503_H_52 Fire 5.12 NE FACILITYEHA LONGITUDINAL SECTION AT D NPOLWER Prepared for: FOUNDATION LEVEL AES NILE POWER (VIEWED FROM UPSTREAM) Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility ElA Chapter 5 The core will be founded on the plinth and concrete wall. The asphalt core will be built by placing the 0.5 m thick hot asphalt concrete core (Zone 1, shown in Figure 5.13) and processed amphibolitc filter (Zone 2) in one operation (a total thickness of 2.5 m), in horizontal layers of 0.2 m depth. The construction process will be performed using paving machinery, or by hand where space constraints mean the paving machinery cannot be used (e.g. adjacent to the powerhouse structure or the abutments). Steel bridges will be erected to facilitate driving/transportation across the core during construction. The bridges will be designed to support the equipment in use and to prevent any deformation of the core. The asphalt concrete will be produced at the mixing plant on-site (location shown on Figure 5.4) and will have a capacity of 100 tonnes/hour. Over the 18 month operating period of the plant it will produce an estimated 20,000 tonnes of asphalt. The plant will be in use during two periods while the dam works is ongoing, but will only operate for a few hours per day when in use. Although the plant is capable of producing 100 tonnes per hour, the maximum daily production during dam construction will be 200 tonnes. Figure 5.14 shows the layout of a typical asphalt concrete plant. The on-site transport of the asphalt mix will be done in machinery that secures the correct temperature and avoids segregation in the mix. Processed amphibolite for the transition zone will be produced at the on-site crushing plant. Asphaltic concrete (AC) has the following composition: * Bitumen 7% (imported); * Coarse aggregate 80% (produced at crusher plant); and, * Filler (particle size <0.075 mm) 13% (some cement may be used if amount of fines obtained from crushing process is insufficient). In addition ot the use of asphalt in the AC core, asphalt mastic sealant will be applied at the interface between the concrete plinth (or footer) and the first layer of asphalt core, into waterstop box outs and as a sealant into joints in the plinth. The mastic will be liquid enough to stick to any uneveiness on the plinth, but stable enough to build the specified thickness on steep surfaces. The mastic will be made from bitumen, aggregates and filler, and an appropriate adhesion agent to secure necessary bonding to the concrete plinth and comprises the following: AES Vile Power 235 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Faciliy EIA Chapter 5 * Bitumen 18-25% (according to ASTM (American Standard for Testing of Materials) D5- 73 specification); * Filler: 10-14% (some cement may be used if amount of fines obtained from crushing process is insufficient); and, * Fine aggregates: 61-72%. (processed from fresh amphibolite consisting of 0.4 mm well graded particles). Approximately 1400 tonnes of bitumen will be required in total. The bitumen will arrive in Jinja by rail, from a refinery at Mombasa, Kenya. The bitumen will be stored as a solid, and will be transported in sealed drums from the refinery to the site via 20 tonne trucks. Diesel will be used for heating the bitumen. The asphalt plant will be fitted with dust filters and will discharge to the atmosphere via a 20 m high stack. The flow rate will be on average 4.2 m3Is and 8.3 m3/s as a maximum, when the plant is operating in the range of 100 to 150 'C. Typical emissions data for German plants are as follows (Breukelen, 1994), and will be used in the air quality impact assessment (details in Chapter 7): i dust: 13.5 mg/m3; * oxides of sulphur: 10 mg/m3; * oxides of nitrogen: 38.5 mg/m3; and, i organic compounds, i.e. carbon: 43.1 mg/m3. The mastic mix will be produced either in the asphalt plant or in a separate mastic mixer/boiler. The asphalt plant can be used for "dry" mixing, with 4% bitumen for coating, with final mixing and heating in the mastic pot just prior to it being applied. The core and filter will be protected on either side by a 2 m thick transition layer of less than 200 mm quarried amphibolite (Zone 3), which will be compacted in 0.4 m layers. The bulk of the volume of the dam will consist of supporting fill (1000 mm nominal diameter quarried amphibolite: Zone 4), which will be compacted in 1.6 m layers. The upstream and downstream faces of the dam will be protected against wave action near the water line by a layer of riprap (400 - 800 mm nominal diameter quarried amphibolite: Zone 5). These units will be individually placed to ensure stable contact. The downstream face will incorporate berms with drains. AES Nile Power 236 March, 2001 1112 0 MFL 1111 5 FSL DAM CREST 11 14 5 _L5 DM ReT114ASPHALT C CONCRETE CORE 11135 DAM CREST 111415 @7- 1111 W5 FSL 1 1120 MEL ASPHA c CONCRETE CORE 1113 5 3 D.L -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~15 - 3 WEATHERED ROCJK-110 CONCRETE CUT OFF _ CONCRETfE PL NTH= . r,CLAY fLANKET :DENTAL CONCRETING SECTION C-C CONCRETE PLINTHA 11120 MFL MRERUBARRIER 1111 5SFL OAM CREST 11 14 5 ASPRALIC CONCRETE CORE 11135 POSSB EFL . METRES SECTION A-A CLAT :LAShET .- [ o 10 Z ao 40 O502 1 2 3 -APHALTIC CONCRETE PL NTO DAM CREDO 11 1145 , =~,- -= pm rn r_ 11115 R5L 11120D MEL 5 , / ASPHALT10 CONCRETE CORE 111M 5 11120 ~ ~ ~ MELAL SETO 5-5RE1 175F 411 1437<10 AD-RALIC CCREE CORE 111CR -P IL GROU CUTIN 5 S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ETO EC TINDB _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SHLI CONCTION COE-E1 ADEPIALT C CO11RLAR PASNTA Ftt7I :g:- =E: . |E :: 0 t C A :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~on atralCnsrcto ° ~ ~s r ,J ,- _ _ 1I 1 Core Asphalt Concrete Placed HotAnd Compacted I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~In 0.2m Layers . . 2 Filter Processed Amphibolite Placed And Compacted / 31 60mm Simultaneously With The 'I-I I4i 3/ A-~~~~~~.- 3 Transition Qoarded Amphibolite Auphaltic Concrete~Aphaltc Cocret 0.3,' < W < ,_ S }: j%3> / ' 3 Transition Quarried Amphibolite Compacted In 0.4m Layers W V, / I >$-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A~~~~ 200mm >f~~~~~~~~o-'- Kt\ - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Supportini Quare mhbll Compacted In 1 Gm Layers j,0 -u < W< -I - "~44i - - Fill A 1000mm -- -- - -~~~ ~ ~ *- 1 ,.r0-1I~~~uzrvT-C ~~~ hldL7Iji73j3}j~~~4?~~k7A/ 5 Rip Rap AmphiboRipliteA EachlitStone ShallShaBe Placede '. .>~' I K rttTrH E ~ ~ ~ 4~n\0.' Y" SAm cd A tSm With Stable Contacts Between Them KEY - METRES SourR SBEC (undted) DAr,g 201C Project Name BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Dats MARCH 20011 GO3_H_67 Figure 5.13 POWILER Prpared For ROCKFILL DAM WITH AC AES NILE POWER CORE - TYPICAL SECTIONS Asphalt Plant R1eclaim 1 e 12m~1> I.AG Tanik Agea Proc"tSs Rotiry N mnowtoring dfrum dryef Cold feed i unit Sdos [j 51 t_ Mml FRotary drtrnr diyeir B3rtiqihwse I I gE~~~Biumene tal'6it ni a(18 mrmi Source: BEC (undated) Project Name:T BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H 43 Figure 5.14 OWE NIL 2Prepared forA LAYOUT OF TYPICAL AES NILE POWER ASPHALT CONCRETE PLANT Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 The dam crest (10 m wide) will have a sealed surface access road 7.5 m wide. Site investigation works have shown that adequate quantities of soils suitable for use both in the core and shoulder zones of the dam are available in the immediate vicinity of the site. It is anticipated that much of the material excavated from the dam foundations will be suitable for re-use as dam fill. Rockfill for the dam and shoulder zones and riprap will be won from a quarry established on site and/or selected from excavations for the works, as previously described in Section 5.2.2.4. The concrete mix design will generally be based on the "Norwegian Regulations for Planning, Construction and Operation of Dams (NRD)", English version (1986). However, concrete damage attributed to Alkali-Silica Aggregate Reactivity experienced at the Owen Falls Dam, where the same concrete aggregate materials were used (and are proposed to be used at the Bujagali hydropower facility), call for special precautions. Therefore, low alkali cement will be used in spite of results from aggregate reactivity tests being well within the recommended requirements. Abutments for the dam are required on the east and west banks. Both abutments will follow the design of the dam and use an asphalt core. Impervious clay blankets will be laid underneath the core to reduce leakage and drain water away from the structures. A grout curtain will be provided beneath the upstream end of the walls. Concrete L-shaped retaining walls will be constructed to a height of approximately 10 m on the west abutment to train the water in the tailrace channel of the power station. 5.2.5.2 Power Station Construction of the powerhouse and overflow spillway component of the hydropower facility will commence with blasting and excavation of the foundation area, approximately 20 m below the existing rock level to an elevation of 1,062 mASL (Figure 5.12). Grouting with cement grout will seal the exposed rock. Foundations will be constructed by laying reinforcing steel and installing rock bolts into the bedrock where necessary. Concrete will be poured using 'creter cranes' (Figure 5.15), which lay concrete via a conveyor belt that runs along a derrick. Two creter cranes will be mounted on rails (one upstream and one downstream) such that they can service all parts of the power station. Once the foundations have been laid, five tower cranes will be erected on rails, and A.ES Nile Power 241 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 will be used for erection of the superstructure, with three cranes to the downstream side of the power station, and two on the upstream side. It is planned that tower cranes will be re-used from the recently-completed Owen Falls Extension Project (OFEP). Creter cranes are also available from the OFEP site, but these may be too large for use at Bujagali. If this is the case, creter cranes will be brought in from outside Uganda. An example cross section of the construction site with tower cranes in place is provided in Figure 5.16. The power station will be of modular construction with five machine bays, a services bay and a control building block. Prior to the erection of the power station superstructure, steel draft tubes will be installed, the bases of which will sit on the foundation at elevation 1064.5 mASL (marked as 1 on Figure 5.17). Construction of the powerhouse will proceed in three stages: 1. Construction of the superstructure up to the point where bridge (gantry) cranes can be installed (marked as 12 on Figure 5.17). These will be used for installation of turbine and generator units; 2. Construction of the intake structure; and, 3. Construction of the spillway. The intake and turbine block for each bay will be cast as integral units with water bars between the adjacent bays. The services bay will be located to the west of the power station and will be used initially to assemble the generating sets and later for maintenance and repairs. The main floor level will be the same as the generator floor of the power station at 1095.0 mASL. Additional rooms for pumps and compressor, maintenance and storage equipment, water treatment plant etc. can be accommodated in the basement floor below the main floor. The control building will be situated adjacent to the services bay at the west end of the power station complex. The building will be a four-storey control and administration centre, and will be constructed at the same time as the main power station structure. AES Nile Power 242 March, 2001 l - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1~ :PE L' L4.;IlE ,--t < ,. 5 t''4 o X > 1/~~~~~~~~~~~~PEER [I Source: Impregilo (I997) Drawing: R34010 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER ct:MRH201 G53_4 Fiue.5 FACILITY EIA / 1 P.ERrepared for: CR ETE[ R C RANE r AESNILE OWER - PTAIN J5/4t Y R6-2 42 - - TYP C,' L 6EC-l ON Source. Impregilo (1997) Drawing: R34010 Project Name: . BUJAALI YDROOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H_44 Figure 5.16 NI,E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FACILITY EIA IAM Prepared for: TOWER CRANES PrS Njec Nae: LrC;VD I DRAFT TUBE _ CENERATCF 4 TUREINE 5 DOWNSTPrAM ROLLER CATF 4 F AP E ATE 7 JNIT TRANSFORMER 3 TRA'H RACI 10 TEASH RACF CLEANING MACHINE I_ BRIDGF CRANF 13 GTTOFLOOG uANTP CGFANE 14 GRI UTN[G & DRAINAIT CAI[FRY 15 DEWATERIIG GALLERY C TOOLING WEILA TREArMENI // g 1114100 EFl ELOTcTCAL FITTREsTON 1112f) KAFL 11 --- 19 UNI I LOCAL CONITROL KMOWED - - llf'___ MO ___| ____r __1- __ _) 220 FLAPGATF OIL FF FE,S.RF IIIrT Q Ti~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 RETUPN IF, ODTJIf I 06 LLL - ,1/ | 2 t 0 | _ a IlOb ,A 22 DFWATFFINO &. DRAINIAGE 1JMp 25 HITH VC,LTA,E CABLE GALLEY 32 ACCEFS TO TIPIAL CASE Q ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 AIR SIJPPL DI411CT I Ij7 Oh 5 5 | / L - = | t o072 Nn. 1FF 30~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OF I 7 Q H ] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Source. BEG (undated) J Fl: K QOO03b KPrnj ect Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503 H 84 L Figure 5.17 NLER Prepared forF POWER STATION AES NILE POWER VERTICAL SECTION THROUGH UNIT 3 Bujagali Project Jltvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 5.2.5.3 River Bank Training Works and Reservoir Preparation The topography of the riverbanks is such that training works may be required to reduce the possibility of landslips. Within 50 m of the intake the river bed will be excavated down to 1085 mASL. From this level, the riverbed will be excavated at a slope of 1:4 down to 1078 mASL immediately in front of the intake. Erosion protection will be placed on excavated areas with exposed soil. The riverbanks within 300 m upstream of the intake will be investigated and areas deemed by BEC as unstable and likely to cause minor landslips will be stabilised by excavation of critical slopes and/or protection by riprap and geotextile materials. In the inundated area all vegetation will be cleared to ground level, but will not be grubbed, i.e. no digging will be carried out. Clearance and disposal of cleared material will be carried out by the same method as previously outlined for the Stage I and 2 diversion channels. 5.2.5.4 Reservoir Filling The reservoir will be filled in such a way that no more than 25% of the discharge downstream of Owen-Falls Dam is retained in the Bujagali reservoir (a minimum residual flow [MRF] downstream of Bujagali of no less than 75% of the discharge downstream of Owen Falls Dam has been agreed by BEC). Although the reservoir could in theory be filled in approximately 16 hours, the ongoing checks of dam and riverbank stability will mean that the reservoir is filled slowly, and in a staged manner. In practice, the discharge downstream of Bujagali at any one time is likely to be considerably more than the MRF that has been agreed with BEC, and changes in the discharge downstream of Bujagali will be nearly imperceptible. i.2.5.5 Proceduresfor Drilling and Blusting During Foundation works Procedures for drilling and blasting are included in Appendix E. I. 5.2.6 Bujagali Switchyard/Substation A 132 kV outdoor open terninal substation is to be established in close proximity to the power station, to provide the means by which the power station exports its power to the Ugandan grid system. The substation will be of double bus-bar single circuit breaker construction. In addition to the generator circuits and feeder circuits, the substation will .4ES Nile Power 249 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chaprer S include bus-coupler, bus-section and station transformer circuits. The control and relay equipment for the substation will be housed in a building adjacent to the substation. Construction of the substation will require levelling of the designated area to 1124 mASL. Spoil taken from the uphill part of the site will be re-used for levelling the downhill part of the site. Work at the Bujagali substation will take place over a period of 30 months (including commissioning), commencing in month 7 of the construction program. The level of activity in the first year will be most significant, and will consist of site surfacing and other civil works. The electrical installation activities will commence in month 16. This will consist of the erection of steel structures and the installation of high voltage equipment, control boards, wiring and control cables. Tasks required during the construction phase include: * Civil works (leveling and drainage drainage, drilling and excavation of footings, and preparation of crushed rock pad); * Installation of foundations and other support structures; * Installation of oil collection systems; Erection of steel structures; * Erection of high voltage (HV) equipment; * Construction of control building and installation of control boards; * Installation of wiring and control cables; and, * Testing, energising and commissioning of substation. Cormmissioning activities for the substation are described in more detail in Section 5.2.10. 5.2.7 Transmission Lines A 220 kV double circuit transmission line is proposed to connect Bujagali to a new substation at Kawanda, approximately 10 km north of Kampala. From Kawanda, a 132 kV double circuit transmission line is proposed to connect to the existing substation at Mutundwe in western Kampala. In addition, two double circuit 132 kV lines are proposed to connect the Bujagali power station to the existing substation at Owen Falls, and to connect into the AES Nile Power 250 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 existing Owen Falls to Tororo line. An EIS for these components of the project has been submitted as a separate suite of documents. 5.2.8 Site Reinstatement 5.2.8.1 Landscaping All areas disturbed by construction activities shall be restored to a natural appearance by landscaping, top soil spreading, grassing and planting of trees., as appropriate. Particular care shall be exercised in restoring the power station and switchyard environs, the dam abutments and the downstream section of Dumbbell Island. All BEC's temporary facilities, including batching and crushing plants, crane foundations, workshops, offices and other buildings shall be removed from site upon completion of the hydropower facility. All surfaces to be grassed shall be prepared to a fine tilth. If topsoil is generally available, a 100 mm layer shall be placed over the area to be grassed and an indigenous "runner" type grass planted. Otherwise, sprigs of grass shall be planted at approximately 200 mm apart in a pocket of topsoil 75 mm deep x 75 mm diameter. Planting shall be carried out at the begimling of the rainy season or shall be irrigated. BEC are in the process of producing a restoration plan for the quarry on the west bank. A preliminary plan is included in Appendix E.2. An option that is currently under discussion with FIRRI is the possibility of connecting the quarry pit with the river channel, and profiling the shallow areas in such a way that they provide spawning and nursery habitat for commercially-important fish species. 5.2.8.2 Access Roads Land along the reservoir margins, as well as the west bank haul road from the main quarry to the dam site, will be owned by the Uganda Land Commission on behalf of the Ministry of Energy. The decision about whether to maintain this road or to reinstate it to its original condition will be made during the construction phase in consultation with ULC, Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Works, Housing and Communication. AES Nile Power 251 Marclt, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter S 5.2.8.3 Disposal of Excavated Material Material, which has to be excavated but is unsuitable for construction purposes, shall be kept separate from other materials in order to prevent contamination of material required for use in the Works. Such unwanted material shall be disposed of by spreading the material in layers in designated spoil areas, such as the exhausted quarry areas. The material shall be compacted to the maximum practicable extent by routing haulage traffic over the area. Permanent spoil areas visible after completion of construction shall be shaped to follow existing contours such that the tips blend in with the local topography. Such disposal areas shall be kept neat and tidy. Surfaces shall be finished and graded to the extent necessary to provide surface drainage, and grassed to prevent future erosion of the materials. 5.2.9 Health and Safety on Site BEC shall be responsible for the prevention of unhealthy or unsafe conditions and practices and for the promotion of healthy and safe working practices at the Site. BEC shall ensure that at least five persons among the site staff during site working hours are trained in first aid. A first aid facility and clinic shall be maintained on site to provide basic treatment and first aid only. Serious cases will be transferred to hospitals in Jinja as necessary. The clinic shall be staffed and operated by BEC. The staff shall include, as a minimum: * A doctor fluent in English and with tropical experience (part-time); * A clinical assistant fluent in English and with tropical experience; and, * An experienced dresser. The clinic shall be operated solely for personnel employed on the Bujagali hydropower facility. Measures to be undertaken by AES to augment health facilities for the general population in the area are outlined in the Community Development Action Plan. Dental and matemity care will not be available other than advice provided by the clinic. BEC shall also provide and operate a suitable ambulance for the exclusive use of the clinic. Additional information on safe working practices, and health and safety management, are included in Sections 7.3.5, 7.3.10 and 8.5.2.9 5.2.10 Commissioning and Startup Start-up of the facility will be managed and directed by senior AESNP commissioning personnel augmented by personnel from the BEC. The start-up procedures, as well as AES,Nile Power 252 Marclh, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitp EJA Chapter 5 software preparation in the form of schedules, will be developed utilising both the design team from within BEC's head office and site personnel. BEC's site staff will manage and direct all testing activities on-site in accordance with the start-up program requirements. Before reporting to the site, commissioning personnel from BEC will be assigned to the project to develop commissioning schedules. The commissioning schedules will include a master test matrix for each piece of equipment and for all systems and subsystems. Testing procedures will be developed and agreed upon in accordance with the plant functional specification. After commissioning and testing have been completed the plant operations manual will be developed. During the commissioning period the operating personnel will work closely with BEC's commissioning team to make sure that the operating and testing progranms are fully integrated and understood. During the preliminary planning and schedule development phase of the construction period, a commissioning engineer will be assigned on a part-time basis to the design engincering staff of BEC. This engineer will be responsible for reviewing engineering drawings and specifications to ensure adequate support and consideration of start-up, and that commissioning requirements are fully understood and integrated into the facility design. As the design phase nears completion but just prior to commencement of site start-up and test activities, the commissioning engineer will assemble a site start-up team and produce the required procedures, test matrices, handover packages, and plant operating procedures manual. This test and start-up engineer will report to BEC's Construction Manager. The test and start-up engineer will: mobilise the site start-up team; initiate site commissioning; and, complete operational testing of all systems and equipment supplied by the erection subcontractors, having satisfied himself that the systems and equipment are fit for purpose and that the design functional specification and performance criteria have been met. The commissioning engineer will: carry out and present formal operations training; perfortn pre-operational and functional testing; commence initial operation; conduct perfornance tests; and, handover completed and operating systems and facilities to AES. During the initial engineering phase of the project, the test and start-up engineer will develop a preliminary schedule that identifies start-up activities on a component/system basis. As the project's design progresses, this schedule will be refined to identify required component tests, A ES Nile Power 253 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 system functional tests, initial operations, and facility commissioning activities on a daily basis. This schedule will be integrated with the project engineering and construction schedules to provide an integrated project schedule. The schedule will identify the precedence and successor relationships of the start-up activities, and activity durations. It will identify the construction handover sequence needed to support the start-up testing requirements, and identify the start-up critical path. The following general component test procedures will be employed. Mechanical Tests * Piping and System Cleaning * Piping and System Integrity * Rotating and Reciprocating Equipment * Cranes and Hoisting Equipment * Non-Manual Valves * Package Lubrication Systems * Coupling Alignment * Fire Protection System * Cooling Water System Electrical Tests * Insulation Resistance Testing * Low Resistance Testing * Electrical Continuity * Batteries and Battery Charger * Lighting and Distribution Panels * Power Transformers * AC Motors * Motor Control and Load Centres A ES Nile Power 254 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 * Low Voltage Circuit Breakers * Medium and High Voltage Switchyard * Medium and High Voltage Circuit Breakers * DC Motors * DC Switchgear * DC Circuit Breakers * Current Transformers * Potential Transformers * HV Cables * Overhead HV Lines * Generators X Overall Plant Efficiency Instrumentation and Control Tests * Protective and Control Relays * Transducer Calibration * Meters * Electric Motor Operators * Transmitters * Control Drives/Valves * Indicating/Control Loops * Self-Contained Control Valves * Communication and Telemetry Systems AES N'ile Power 255 Marclt, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 5.3 Operation and Maintenance 5.3.1 Spillway and Turbine Operation 5.3.1.1 Operating Manual BEC shall provide an Operating Manual for the hydropower facility to AESNP upon handover of the completed hydropower complex. Operating instructions shall detail all normal starting up, running and shutting down procedures, emergency operating procedures and any precautions recommended to prevent deterioration of the hydropower facility during periods of non-operation. Instructions for the hydro-mechanical equipment shall detail procedures for all nornal local and remote operations for the gates and equipment, trash raking procedures, stoplog installation and removal, and all similar activities. Instructions shall also cover the filling and draining procedures for civil works such as the power waterways, water supply systems, drainage and dewatering systems and sewage systems. The operating instructions shall include a comprehensive commissioning schedule for each component or structure, and check lists to record the completion of these activities. Copies of all settings and calibrations of instruments and controls, motor operated valves, DCS (Distributed Control System) logic, pressure switches and alarm settings confirmed and recorded in the commissioning schedules shall be included in the operating instructions. 5.3.1.2 Overview of Operating Procedures The spillway is designed to discharge the maximum flood of 4,500 m3/s at FSL. The selected design incorporates ten flap-gates in an overflow chute on top of the powerhouse and two lifting radial gates in a separate concrete structure adjacent to the powerhouse. During operation at FSL of 1,111.5 m, the flap-gates on the roof of the powerhouse will have a combined discharge capacity of 1,500 m3/s, and the radial gates a combined discharge capacity of 3,000 m3/s. The flap gates will be used for normal flood conditions, simultaneously allowing floating debris to pass freely. There will always be sufficient flap gate capacity available to substitute for any sudden turbine closure. The flap gates will also, be able to release the flow in an emergency by falling automatically without mechanical operation. The flap gates are designed to have 0.5 m freeboard when fully raised, allowing for wave surges. AES Nile Power 256 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilhry EIA Chapter 5 A dedicated diesel generator to provide power for the spillway gates in case of disruption to the grid supply will be located adjacent to the gates of the compound. The guidelines for operation of the spillways are as follows: Scenario A Operation during normal reservoir inflow conditions (700-1,100 m31s): Unused flap gate discharge capacity shall always be available in case of a sudden turbine closure. The turbine discharge capacity is l,100 m3/s for four units, and no spill will be pennitted except to maintain minimum flow or to clear floating debris, in which case flap gates will be partially lowered for a short period while the debris is passed over the lowered gates. In the case of a power station load rejection, water levels are permitted to rise by 0.2 m to 1,111.7 mASL, while maintaining continuous minimum flow (as defined by the Nile Convention). If the power plant has not resumed operation or if the reservoir level continues to rise for whatever reason, the flap gates will be opened to reduce the reservoir level to Full Supply Level (FSL) 1,111.5 mASL. Scenario B Operation during normal high inflow conditions (1,100-1,720 m3/s): Historic outflows from Lake Victoria have never exceeded 1,700-1,800 m3/s over the past century of record. Thus this scenario will cover most high flow situations in the foreseeable future. Any excess flow above the maximum turbined flow (1,100 mr3/s for four turbine units) will pass continually over the flap gates, which will be regulated to maintain the specified reservoir level. In the event of a power station load rejection, the total gate opening will be increased by further lowering the flap gates to prevent the reservoir level rising above the Maximum Flood Level (MFL) 1,1 12.0 mASL. Scenario C Operation during high and extreme flood conditions (1,720-4,500 m3/s): For flows above 1,720 m3/s, up to 3,220 m3/s, one bottom outlet gate will be opened to pass 250 - 1,500 m3/s. The remaining surplus (flow not passing through the power station) will be passed over the flap gates, which will, as in Scenarios A and B, regulate the specified reservoir level. A number of flap gates sufficient to substitute for the turbine discharge will be available at all times. In the event of a power station load rejection, the flap gates will automatically open in sufficient numbers to prevent the reservoir level rising above elevation 1,1 12.0 mASL. For flows above 3,220 m3i's and prolonged power station outages, the second A.ES Nile Power 257 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 bottom outlet gate may be fully opened, thereby passing up to 3,000 m3/s through the bottom outlets and the remainder over the flap gates. However, this situation can only occur if a series of exceptionally wet years results in Lake Victoria's levels rising to far above histonrc maximum level or if there is an exceptional flood release at Owen Falls Dam. The power station can be expected to operate even then, and both bottom outlets may then be fully opened for an extended time. Flap gates will then be used to maintain reservoir level, or in the unlikely event of an impending Owens Falls dam break, to lower the reservoir level. During all periods of turbine operation, flap gate discharge capacity equivalent to the total turbined flow shall always be kept available, in case of a sudden turbine closure. Only flap gate discharge capacity in excess of the total turbine discharge will be used for other re]ease operations, e.g. release of floating debris. The excess capacity will be determined based on current prevailing operational constraints (e.g. if flap gates are temporarily out of operation for maintenance reasons). In the event of a load rejection and a subsequent reservoir level rise to 1,111.7 mASL, the total gate opening of the main spillway will be increased by further lowering the flap gates to release an additional flow ('compensation discharge') equivalent to the decrease in total turbine discharge attributable to the load rejection. Unless particular operational conditions require the contrary, the following rules will be applied to release the compensation discharge: (i) If the entire power station is affected by a load rejection, the compensation flow will be released through any suitable combination of gate bays; (ii) If individual generating units trip, while other units continue to operate (or simultaneously start up), the compensation flow will be released using the gate bays located above generating units not in operation (including, if the option to install turbine unit 5 is exercised, the gate bays located above the Unit 5 bay). Excess spill, if occurring over extended periods of time, shall be released in the same mamner. The radial gates shall not be left open at small openings for long periods of time at low flow and tailwater levels, in order to minimise eroding forces on the spillway system. Minimum A ES Vile Power 258 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facdii4' EIA Chapter S required flow through the radial gates requires an opening of at least 1.2 m. Smaller openings will therefore only occur during opening and closing of the gates. 5.3.2 Water Treatment Plant A water treatment plant shall be provided of sufficient capacity to supply the hot and cold water and potable water requirements of the hydropower facility, including the powerhouse, workshop and stores washrooms, mess and toilets, kitchen facilities and to provide make-up water for cooling and for the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems and other powerhouse systems. The treatment plant shall deliver water to World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards at a rate and pressure suitable for the combined requirements of the hydropower facility. The water treatment plant shall be of the fully automatic type and consist of two 100 % streams. The plant shall be designed to fail to a safe condition and to minimize danger to personnel from any hazardous chemicals used in treatment of the water. 5.3.3 Sewage Disposal System A sewage disposal system shall be provided to treat all sewage arising from the installations of the hydropower facility. The system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of British Standard BS 6297 based on a permanent population of 29 people and a time interval for the removal of sludge from septic tanks of at least one year. It will discharge at a quality that meets the requirements of both the Government of Uganda and the World Bank Group. 5.3.4 Solid Waste Management and Hazardous Materials Management Provisions for management of solid and hazardous waste are outlined in Chapter 7. 5.3.5 Monitoring and Maintenance 5.3.5.1 Monitoring The dam will be instrumented for continuous monitoring of pore pressure, deformation and leakage during operation. Pore pressure will be measured in the downstream foundation of both dam abutments. Three electrical piezometers will be installed in boreholes in each abutment. Readings will be made AES Nile Power 259 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 at regular intervals, with special attention during the construction of the abutment dam and during first impounding. Based on the results, a monitoring programmne will be designed for normal operation. Standpipe piezometers will be placed in the downstream foundation of the central dam section and monitored by AESNP. Deformations will be measured on bolts placed on the crest and downstream slope. Approximately 100 bolts will be mounted in large rock blocks. During construction, measurements will be made at each 5 m rise of the dam. During operation, measurements will be made at I to 5 year intervals. Leakage will be measured at four locations: * At the foot of the westem retaining wall; - At the foot of the eastern retaining wall; * In the eastern channel riverbed; and, * In the depression east of the river (former river channel). The leakage will be collected by means of small leading walls combined with trenches, to a small pond equipped with a measuring weir. Readings will be made daily during impounding and the beginning of the operation period. Based on the results, a monitoring programme will be developed for normal operation. The text for the 'Monitoring' component of the Operating Manual will include: * An 'Inspection and Monitoring Timetable' for the major elements of the hydropower facility. The timetable will include regular daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, biannually, annually and five yearly inspections; * A method of requesting maintenance work. Typically a pro forma 'Maintenance Request' sheet is used; * A method of controlling access to typically, unsafe or confined work areas. Typically, a 'Permit to Work' pro-forma sheet for signature by the Plant Superintendent is used; * A checklist of inspection work to be carried out and a method of recording the completed inspection work. Typically an 'Inspection Report' form is used; AES Nile Power 260 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 * A record of completed maintenance work. Typically a 'Maintenance Record' sheet is used; and, * Any other information deemed necessary to ensure satisfactory operation of the hydropower facility and associated transmission lines. The text for the detailed inspection of each component shall include the following: * A detailed description of the inspection work to be carried out on the component. It is anticipated that the inspection work will vary in scope and thoroughness depending on the relative importance of the component and the frequency of inspection; * Procedures for reading instruments installed for monitoring the behaviour and performance of the component; * Service limits applicable to instruments monitoring the component. Details shall be provided of when further specialist advice should be sought in the case of emergency situations; and, * Method statements, infornation and data regarding specialist repairs and specialist techniques required for maintenance work. 5.3.5.2 Maintenance The gates will be designed to be capable of operation by an electrically operated hydraulic system with backup power supply and will also be capable of being fully opened by independent means. It will have a roller bucket energy dissipator and will incorporate provision for installation of upstream and downstream stoplogs to enable the temporary diversion ports to be plugged for future maintenance. The maintenance procedures for each component shall incorporate routine planned maintenance work or other work of a less routine nature that may or may not require unit outage. Instructions shall be provided by BEC in the Operating Manual, prior to handover of the hydropower facility to AESNP, which will describe the execution of the maintenance procedures. Maintenance procedures shall be established for each component of the civil engineenrng works. The procedures shall define the nature and type of routine maintenance work that is envisaged for the component. For the civil works, these typically include such items as: AES Nile Power 261 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter S clearing drainage structures of trash, vegetation and sediment; lubrication of hinges and bearings; tending to overgrown grass; repairing damaged or flaking paintwork; or, the repair of road surfacing. Maintenance procedures for electrical and mechanical equipment will be based on the recommendations of the equipment manufacturers and typically include procedures for the repair or replacement of seals, bearings, linkages and similar serviceable parts. Separate maintenance procedures shall be established for maintenance work that is not of a routine nature, such as for components damaged during operation. The maintenance procedures for all proprietary products shall be provided within the Operating Manual and clearly referenced. A detailed list shall be provided of suppliers and manufacturers for all proprietary components including those supplying instruments for monitoring the behaviour of structures, foundations and waterways. The list shall include the make/model number/catalogue number, parts list and spares ordering instructions. A detailed list shall also be provided of contact addresses, telephone numbers, facsimile numbers and e- mail addresses for suppliers and manufacturers for all proprietary components. Text shall be provided describing the method of execution of the maintenance procedures and the method of recording maintenance works undertaken. Provision shall be made for the recording of the location of defects, the identification source and the nature of work completed. Typically this is recorded on a pro-forma 'Maintenance Record' sheet. Provision shall be made for separately recording maintenance work carried out as a result of an inspector's recommendation. Typically this work is recorded on a pro-forma 'Maintenance Record' sheet and an 'Inspection Report' sheet completed as part of the operating procedures. 5.3.6 Staffing 5.3.6.1 Organisational Structure of the Plant Operating Company Overall operational performance, and management of the day-to-day business affairs and operation of the Bujagali hydroelectric generating station will be the responsibility of the Plant/Business Manager. The Plant/Business Manager will also be an officer of the Special Purpose Company established for operating the facilities. AES Nile Power 262 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower FaciliX4 EIA Chapter 5 Reporting directly to the Plant/Business Manager will be Plant Superintendents who have erall responsibility for both operations and maintenance of the facility. The facility will be subdivided into functional areas. Each of the superintendents will be responsible for the management and maintenance of specific sections of equipment and operating subsystems within their area. The superintendents will have individual teams that will also be associated with functional assigned equipment or subsystem. It has proven more efficient for operating teams to have responsibility for both the operations and maintenance within their particular functional area. Decision making, authority and autonomy will be vested heavily in the individual teams assigned to and organised around major pieces of equipment and operating subsystems. Although this type of organisational structure requires a high level of skill and training, it is expected that recruitment of the majority of operational personnel will be achieved locally. This type of structure is typical of those existing in AES operating facilities and has proven to promote the involvement and responsibility of all people in the business organisation. Operating and maintenance activities would typically be carried out on a continuous 24-hour shift schedule by appropriately trained teams of technicians under the supervision of the superintendents. The Plant/Business Manager will select the mode of shift operation that best suits the business. Shift patterns normally employed to maintain continuous 24-hour operational cover usually fall between the following patterns: * 3 teams operatinig a daily 2 by 12 hour shifts; * 4 teams operating a daily 3 by 8 hour shift; or, * 5 teams operating a daily 3 by 8 hour shift. However, due to a high level of automation and fail-safe features associated with the plant there will be minimal plant supervision required when operating. Typical functional areas of responsibility for the operating and maintenance teams include the following, and a model of the management structure for the power plant would involve one Plant Superintendent for each of these areas: * Station Control Room and Communication Systems; * Turbine and Generator; AES Nile Power 263 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 * Station Auxiliaries; * Power Dams, Canals, Penstocks, Gates and Valves; and, * Trash Racks and Trash Clearing Systems. 5.3.6.2 Plant Staffing Requirements Operating staff will be recruited and trained prior to commissioning and handover of the facility from the Construction Contractor (BEC). It is contemplated that the plant operating people will be structured as follows: Function Number of People Plant/Business Manager I Superintendents 4 Administrative Assistant I Accountant I Technicians 20 Labourers 2 During normal work days, there will be 14 persons on-site (including 5 technicians). At all other times, there will be five technicians on site. 5.3.6.3 Selection and Training of Operating Personnel Recruiting of the area Plant Superintendents will be one of the primary responsibilities of the Plant/Business Manager. The recruitment of operators and technicians will be a joint process involving the Plant/Business Manager and all area Plant Superintendents. Recruitment will be conducted in accordance with the prevailing Ugandan labour laws and practices, and it is planned that the large majority of plant personnel will be recruited locally. Certain senior members of the operating people will be recruited early during the construction phase of the facility. It is usual for these people to be recruited from within existing AES operating facilities and normally comprise of people with extensive operating and business experience. They will participate in the supervision of design, procurement, and construction of the facility. As construction progresses, future members of the operating A ES Vile Power 264 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chapter 5 teams will be recruited to augment the existing team. Typically these new people will have responsibility for the areas of construction where they will eventually be assigned, but they are not limited to these areas. Assigning members of the operating teams to work alongside the construction personnel has proven to provide the operating people with better knowledge of the plant's design, construction, start-up process and maintenance procedures. BEC, which includes equipment suppliers, is obligated to plan, manage, and conduct the initial training program for the operating personnel. The training will be succinct to ensure that the plant people can effectively operate and maintain the equipment as a whole following system lhandover. BEC is obligated to provide training services that are tailored specifically to this project. The training will be interactive and consist of both formnal classroom instruction and practical on- the-job training conducted as part of the facility initial start-up program. During this phase, the operating personnel wvill receive on-the-job training from construction engineers in conjunction with technical direction given by the commissioning engineers during the initial start-up of equipment and systems. The curriculum for the training program will be as follows: - A basic systems overview for all operations personnel that is intended to provide overall plant systems familiarity; - All operating persomnel will receive specific in-depth equipment operational and maintenance training. This training provides an increased level of understanding of system functions, capability and the safe operation and maintenance of the facilities equipment; * All operating personnel will receive control room operator training which integrates the facility's systems in a unit philosophy; * All of the people employed at the facility will receive training in work health and safety, as well as training in environment conservation; and, * Training modules will be developed and presented by training specialists from BEC and augmented by vendor personnel who will provide training on specialised equipment and systems. The schedule for training will be agreed between AES and BEC and will be attended by all operating personnel. AES Aile Power 265 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 The operations staff-training curriculum will cover the following specific areas. Basic Systems and Equipment Operations Training * Safety * Fire Protection * Turbine-Generator synchronisation and operation * Control Systems * Trash Racks and Trash Clearing Systems * Penstocks, Gates, Valves, Canals * Station Auxiliaries: Air, Lube, Cranes, Hoists, Elevators, Potable Water, etc. * Electrical Distribution: Switchgear Breakers Distributed Control System (DCS) Lighting Communication and Telemetry Equipment Switchyards, Substations, Transformers, Regulators Corrosion Control Systems Other Project-Specific Systems * Unit Operations Training * Plant Controls and Operations * Turbine and Water Flow Controls and Operations * Shut-Down and Start-lUp Procedures * Black Start-Up Procedures * Emergency procedures AES Nile Power 266 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EL4 Chapter 5 5.4 Decommissioning 4.1 Operational Life of the Facility The facility will be operated in accordance with the generating dispatch requiremients of UEB or its successor as detailed in the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The term of the PPA is for 30 years after which time ownership of the facility will be transferred to the Ugandan government. Typically the physical life of hydro facilities is in the order of 60 to 100 years. At this juncture in the life cycle analysis of the facility it is difficult to predict the status of the Ugandan energy sector over such a long period. Therefore one can only assume that the options available to government having acquired an asset after 30 years will be to continue to: (i) operate the facility in line with the future energy strategy; (ii) put the facilitv up for sale; (iii) grant another concession to an independent power producer; or, (iv) close and/or deconmmission the facility. 5.4.2 Closure/Decommissioning Plan It would be very rare to abandon a hydropower project when that facility has operated for only one third of its design life. However, assuming that this is required at Bujagali, closure, decommissioning and making the dam safe is a relatively simple procedure. The procedure depenids on whether it is required to remove all traces of the dam or simply to make the project inherently safe. To make the dam inherently safe it would be necessary firstly to open the spillway bottom gates and to remove or de-activate the radial gates and flap gates in the open position to allow the water to flow unregulated. The natural flow of the water would flow though the wide- open gates and the power station could be left in place. Alternatively, for complete removal of the facility a step-by-step reversal of the construction procedure would need to be carried out. Cofferdams would be constructed to redirect the flow of water to the west side of the river. After emptying the reservoir via the bottom outlet gates in the spillway part of the dam, the wall structure would be removed. A section of the cofferdam would be removed to re-open the east channel of the river and allow the river to AES Nile Power 267 M arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 5 flow down the east channel. Cofferdams would then be placed across the west channel before demolition of the entire power station and spillway structure. Finally the cofferdams would be removed allowing the river to return to its natural state. AES Nile Power 268 March, 2001 Buijagali Project Hydropower Facility EL4 Chapter 6 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE PROGRAMME 6.1 Regulatory Context 6.1.1 Government of Uganda Requirements A key provision of the EIA process in Uganda is to enable the public to have the full opportunity to participate in environmental decision-making associated with projects subject to the process. NEMA (1997) sets out the following requirements for public consultation for an EIA study. (i) Prior to Commencement of the EIA Having received the developer's brief, if NEMA decides it is necessary to consult and seek public comment it shall, within four weeks of submission of the brief, publish the developer's notification and other supporting documents in a public notice. Objections and comments from the public shall be submitted to the authority within 21 days of publication of the notice. (ii) During the EIA Study The team conducting the study shall consult with the public and seek public opinion on environmental aspects of the project. (iii) After Completion of the Study The EIS will be a public document open for inspection. Within two weeks of receipt of the EIS, NEMA will make copies of it available for public inspection by issuing a public notice. Comments on the EIA are then due within three weeks of publication of the public notice. If NEMA considers the level of public consultation to have been insufficient at any point through the EIA process, or if they feel that the project would benefit from further public involvement, a discretionary public hearing can be held. Ten days is required between this notification and the public hearing. 6.1.2 World Bank Group Requirements The World Bank and IFC requirements with respect to public consultation in environrmental assessments are set out in OP4.01 Environmental Assessment (See Table 2.1). The Bujagali hydropower facility is classified as a Category A project under OP 4.01, as it will have the potential for significant adverse environmental effects. For such projects, project sponsors are required to consult with stakeholders on the preparation and results of their EIA and to AES Nile Power 269 Alarch, 2001 Bujogali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 disclose to the public the results of the EJA process. On-going consultation is also required during construction and operation phases of the project. A Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) is required for all Category A projects. Guidelines for the production of a PCDP are set out in IFC Guidance Note F - Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects. The PCDP for the Bujagali hydropower facility is contained in Appendix F of this ELA' s Technical Appendices. Essential World Bank Group requirements regarding public consultation and disclosure include: * At least one round of public consultation at each of the "scoping", EA review and construction/operation stages of the project, to be conducted in culturally appropriate ways; * Careful documentation of all public consultation activities and issues; * Public disclosure of EA documentation both at the World Bank Infoshop and in the countxy where the project is proposed for specified periods of time; * Circulation of local language summaries of EA results; and, * Demonstrated responsiveness by project sponsor to issues raised during consultation. The objective of AESNP has been to comply fully with IFC, IDA, AfDB and NEMA requirements regarding public consultation and disclosure as the project planning and implementation for the Bujagali project has progressed. As noted in Chapter 1, AESNP has already submitted an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) in Uganda for the Bujagali hydropower facility in March 1999, approval for which was issued by NEMA in November 1999. An ELS has also been prepared for the Bujagali transmission system that was submitted to NEMA in December 2000. Figure 6.1 illustrates the major public consultation and disclosure activities that have been undertaken by AESNP, in relation to the major milestones of the Buj agali hydropower facility's development. 6.2 Consultation and Disclosure Methodology 6.2.1 Consultation The following is a summary of the various methods of information dissemination and consultation that AESNP and WS Atkins used during the course of the public consultation program for the Bujagali hydropower facility. AESNP selected the method best suited to the AES Nile Power 270 March, 2001 PUBLIC CONSULTATION & MAIN PROJECT EVENTS DISCLOSURE (PCD) Scoping Exercise and Development Public Meetings and Forum - * of Draft TOR for EIA April-July 1997 April-July 1997 Village and District Meetings _ August-December 1997 Panel of Experts Established November-December 1997 Panel of Experts Public Meetings Including Ugandan NGO ___ Consultations Modification of TOR for EIA January 1998 -2000 June 1998 Socio-economic Survey, Call-in j___ Radio/Television Programmes, Meetings, Letters, Newspaper EIA undertaken & EIS submitted Inserts, July 1998-March 1999 Key Person Interviews J NEMA August Public Hearing NEMA Approval August 1999 N of EIS November 1999 Cultural Studies/ Consultations I _ Carried Out December 1999 - March 2000 Submission of EIA to WBG Ugandan NGO Opinion Poll _ March 2001 April 2000 -----_ International NGO Open Forum Review of EIA June 2000 March 2001 - June 2001 FUTURE EVENTS International NGO Open Forum Implementation of RAP Village /Individual Consultations Overseen by Witness NGO g Project Financed PCD by EPC (4 Years) - Construction PCD by AESNP Operation (30 Years) See Report Glossary for Explanaton of Acronyms Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H_55 X Figure 6.1 FACILITY EIA _--- PUBLIC CONSULTATION & DISCLOSURE (PCD) Preparedfor: IN RELATION TO MAJOR MILESTONES OF AK .. ~!'.I AES NILE POWER HYDROPOWER_FACILITY DEVELOPMENT Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 6 situation based on the diversity and number of participants in any given consultation activity, their general level of literacy and the extent to which they will be affected by the project. Targeted Briefing: used to make a presentation to a selected audience, usually a stakeholder group with a particular interest. The presentation was most often followed by a question and answer session and was an effective technique for ensuring a two-way flow of information on a particular topic. An example of when AESNP used this technique was the meetings held with the white water rafting operators in the vicinity of Bujagali Falls. Displays and Exhibitions: used for all stakeholder groups, but needed careful design to ensure that the level of detail shown was appropriate to audience requirements. An example of this technique is the International Trade Fair at Lugogo, a suburb of Kampala, held in October each year (from 1997 to 2000). A booth was set up by AESNP and information was disseminated by means of handouts and questions and answers. Displays and a model of the proposed facility formed the basis for 'drop-in' sessions, at which members of the public or passers-by were free to walk around and ask questions of attending staff. The Presidents of Kenya and Uganda, while visiting the show, both took time to look at the displays and to discuss the project (see Figure 6.2 for example). Project Progress Reports, and Newsletters: used for a literate audience not requiring an in- depth level of detail and not living in the directly affected area. They were useful to support government notices reminding people of the periods in which documents may be inspected, comments made, etc. Newsletters were used by AESNP to keep Ugandan NGOs and governmental agencies apprised of project developments. The newsletter distribution included the following: 1. Central government, including Cabinet, the Legislature and the Presidency; 2. Local Government, including the district administration offices: the RDC, Chief Administration Officer (CAO), Mayor, Town Clerk and entire administration of the districts of Mukono and Jinja; 3. Private sector, including Uganda Investment Authority (UIA), Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA), Uganda National Chamber of Commerce & Industry (UCCI); 4. Recognised associations and groups and academians; 5. Civic Society including NGOs, especially those operational in the project area; AES ANile Power 273 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 6. Diplomatic Missions including all commercial Attaches for Embassies in Uganda; 7. The Ugandan media including all print and electronic broadcast houses; 8. Cultural heads at the key institutions of Buganda and Busoga; and, 9. The affected residents and local administration from the project area. The newsletters can be viewed electronically on the AESNP Bujagali website (www.buiagali.com). Advertising: used to advise people of a forthcoming event or deadline, or present information about the project. An example of this was the four page insert in the New Vision (Uganda's most widely circulated daily newspaper) in November 1998 to advise people of the project and the draft EIS' availability for review and comment. This insert was also translated into Luganda (consultation with project-affected people indicated that the majority of the people read Luganda) and distributed to directly affected villages by AESNP staff. A team consisting of approximately 20 AESNP employees hand delivered 5,000 copies of the translated insert to every LC, household and person they met on both sides of the river. Informal discussion took place throughout the distribution. Many people also took a copy of the English version (approximately 1,000). Copies were also left at the Wakisi and Budondo sub-county offices. Public Meetings: used to ensure that all stakeholders were included in the communication process and that public statements and views were made public. These were valuable in understanding public sentiments, but were not effective in working towards compromise on certain issues or arriving at a decision. Examples include the Panel of Experts-convened public forum in January 1998, the NEMA-convened public hearing in Jinja in August 1999, which was attended by over 1000 people, and the Washington DC information forum for international NGOs in June 2000 at which over 100 people attended. Figure 6.2 depicts a typical public meeting in Uganda during AESNP's PCD activities. Interviews with Key People: used to identify issues and listen to peoples' concerns or positions, particularly informed local leaders, central governnent representatives, NGOs etc. who support or do not support the project. Examples of such meetings that were undertaken by AESNP were with the Uganda Investment Authority (supportive of project), Save Bujagali Crusade (opposed to project) and the Kyabazinga of Busoga (the cultural leader of the Busoga Kingdom) to understand the Kingdom's position on the project. AES Nile Power 274 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chapter 6 Site Visits: used to provide people with the clearest possible picture of the likely outcome(s) of the project. For example, to give a sense of the appearance and operations of the proposed Bujagali dam and reservoir, visits to the Owen Falls installation were arranged for LC members. Such visits helped to put project information into context and stimulate questions. Informal At-home Meetings: used to discuss concerns with women, elderly and disabled people who are likely to be directly affected by the project but who, for personal, cultural or domestic reasons, were not able to participate in more public or distant events. AESNP used this technique with the aim of creating an informal atmosphere of neighbours meeting together to discuss common concems (see Figure 6.2). Survevs: used to determine public attitudes and perceptions regarding the project and its effects. Surveys were undertaken in the directly affected villages for the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan to assist in both socio-economic data gathering and land valuation (see Figure 6.2). On a broader level, Ugandan NGOs were also surveyed in March 2000 for their opinions on the acceptability of the project (Steadman Research Services, 2000). Focus Group Discussions: used to explore a theme in some depth with a group (usually no more than 12 people) whose members share a common attribute or perception. These were open-ended discussions with small groups of people, facilitated by AESNP or its consultants. Examples of focus group discussions used in this EIA included discussions with: * women regarding the benefits arising from better access to health and educational facilities; * traditional healers to discuss their spiritual beliefs associated with Bujagali Falls or trees and rocks in the project arca; * the Fisherman's Association regarding the project impact on the local fishing industry; and, * The AESNP offices in Jinja and Kampala were, and continue to be, open daily to respond to queries from any stakeholder or interested party. Village dwellers frequently visited the closest AESNP office when they had a question or concem about the project and are encouraged to continue to do so. AESNP's official website (www.bujagali.coln) also disseminates information about the project in general and includes a provision for public feedback. This site will be maintained until the operation phase. Thereafter, information will be available on the AES Corporation web site (www.aesc.com). AES Nile Power 275 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 6.2.2 Disclosure and Accompanying Consultation Activities AESNP has shared its documentation of the development of the Bujagali hydropower facility with potentially affected stakeholders. The original scoping study for the project, including the draft project terms of reference (ToR), prepared by AESNP at the onset of the EIA process was distributed in July 1997 to the following Ugandan central government and Parastatal organisations: * NEMA; * the Ministry of Natural Resources; * the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities; * the Uganda Electricity Board; * the Ministry of Lands; * the Directorate of Water Development; * the Ministry of Gender; and, * the Ministry of Agriculture. At local government level, the Scoping Report and draft terms of reference were sent to: * the Mayor of Jinja; * the Jinja Regional District Council; * the Chainran and members of LC5 of Jinja and Mukono Districts; * the Chairman and members of LC I of Kikubamutwe, Malindi, Buloba, and Naminya on the west bank, and Namizi, Bujagali, Ivunamba, and Kyabirwa on the east bank; * LC2 Parish councillors on both banks; and, * the Chairman and members of LC3 Budondo and Wakisi sub-counties. At the traditional govermment level, the report was sent to the Minister of Culture and the Deputy Prime Minister of the Busoga Kingdom (Kyabazinga). The report and draft ToRs were also shared with member organisations of the World Bank Group, the Makerere Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, IUCN and the Wildlife Society of Uganda. Responses to this scoping report and draft ToRs helped formulate the production of the EIA Inception Report (WS Atkins, 1998), which included the EIA study's revised ToRs. AES Nile Power 276 March, 2001 A) Re-valuation consultation meeting on B) Public consultation and disclosure meeting at the LCI (village) level. Dumbbell Island. C) Banking training for locals. 0) Householders being interviewed during the socioeoonomic survey. Project Name 1 BUJAGALU HYrDROPOWER DaeMRH20 ~ D_6 FigUr~e 6.2 NILE FACILITY EIA E I T A ,POWER -P~r-aES NIL P ERAvP OF PUB ICCN LMTATON l- ~ ~ ~ ~~E NIL POWE ]_bPUBI COSUTAIO Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 Major points raised by stakeholders in this review included: * resettlement and compensation; * loss of wildlife habitat; * the need to consider different designs for Bujagali; * loss of tourist attractions and revenue; * interactions between Bujagali hydropower facility, Owen Falls facility and future development of water resources along the Nile; • public health implications of the project; * quarrying; * compliance of the project with Uganda's international agreements; and, * the need for wide consultation with villagers and NGOs and the necessity to provide them with enough information for them to properly consider how it affects them. These issues were addressed in the EIS submitted to NEMA in March 1999 (WS Atkins, 1999). Before NEMA was able to make a decision on the hydropower facility EIS. the following disclosure activities took place in Uganda, in accordance with the country's EIA Guidelines (NEMA, 1997): * A public notice was given in Uganda in May 1999 advising of the public's right to review the final EIS at locations in Kampala and Jinja. In this notice, an allowance of 21 days was provided after its publication for the public and govemrnent reviewers to provide comments; * AESNP also produced a four page insert in the New Vision (May 21, 1999) advising of the EIS' availability for public review. The insert was also translated into Luganda and distributed in affected villages; and, * NEMA convened a public hearing in Jinja in August 1999 to provide an opportunity for people to discuss the final report and the proposed project. Before the World Bank Board makes a financing decision for the Bujagali project, the following disclosure activities are expected to take place: AES Nile Power 279 ,larch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility E1A Chapter 6 * Disclosure in Uganda and in the World Bank Infoshop of the EIA for the entire project for at least 120 days; and, * Summary of document in the Luganda language to be prepared and distributed locally. If the World Bank Board were to approve the financing of the project, IFC would negotiate a loan provision contract upon agreement with AESNP, who would then revise the project's Environrnental Action Plan (EAP) in which the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP) is contained, to reflect environmental and social commitments contained in those contractual agreements, and re-release the EAP publicly. Apart from the above-noted requirements for public disclosure of project information, AESNP has also committed itself to the following public disclosure and accountability procedures following project approval: * During construction, inform4tion will be regularly disseminated by the EPC contractor through local authorities regarding construction activities to take place; • AESNP will provide Community Liaison Officers to ensure that problems are dealt with efficiently and effectively. Any aggrieved person can bring their grievance to the AESNP office at the project site or its offices in Jinja and Kampala at anytime. Grievance resolution mechanisms will involve both traditional approaches, as well as judicial recourse; and, - AESNP will fund a "Witness NGO"3 to independently observe the compensation/ resettlement process throughout the duration of the Project, so as to verify the compliance of AESNP with the RCDAP. The witness NGO will attempt immediate settlement of problems, wherever possible, before implementing grievance resolution procedures. For more detailed future commitments, see section 6.6. 3An NGO that will serve as an independent witness during the entire RAP implementation process. The witness NGO will report its conclusions for public release on a quarterly basis. Interaid, a Uganda-based intemational NGO, has already been appointed in order that personnel can become familiar with the area and the affected people. AES Nile Power 280 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilith EIA Clhapter 6 6.3 Results of the Consultation Activities The concerns, pnrorities and opinions of the directly and indirectly affected stakeholders related to the Bujagali hydropower facility were recorded at each stage of consultation and were considered by AESNP in the design, planning, and optimisation of the facility. Table 6.1 presents a summary of the consultation activities that were undertaken for the hydropower facility, the dates when they took place, the pnrncipal people who were consulted, the issues/concerns that were raised, and where those issues are addressed in this EIA. Figure 6.3 shows the location of the project area and the villages consulted. Full lists of consultees and their comments are contained in the PCDP in Appendix F of this EIA. AESNP also maintains complete records of meeting minutes on file in Kampala. Below is a summary of all consultations made by AESNP and other parties regarding the Bujagali project hydropower facility as of February, 2001. Organisation / Party Times Number of Consulted Consultees] 1. Local residents from the affected areas 240 7,293 2. Representatives of cultural institutions and leaderships 49 103 3. National coverage radio, print media and television 130 See footnote 4. Local govemrnment 235 1,464 5. The Government of Uganda 110 723 6. Stakeholders 128 199 7. Environmentalists/NGOs 87 307 8. Lenders 31 52 9. Others 123 206 'An average of 40 persons per village was used to determine the number of people who attended each village consultation meeting. Attendence lists ranged from an average of 20 to 60 persons. Sub-committees were formed from the village meetings, since it was more effective to sensitise a smaller group of people than a large group. These sub-comnimunittees then reported back to the village residents. Sub-committee sizes ranged from 10 to 30 persons, so an average of 20 persons/committee/session was used. During the Survey and V'aluation exercise, AESNP staff had several teams in the field over a 10-month period. The staff dealt with PAPs on a daily basis. These consultations are not included in the above table. The associations formed in the villages, e.g. fisheries, traditional healers, women's groups, ranged from an average of 20 to 40 persons, so 30 persons/session was used. Some of the associations on the East Bank have as many as 80 members. Village reprcsentatives ranged from 2 to 3 persons/village, excluding the Village Chairman. The LC Committees consist of 10 members. LC Executives consist of 5 members. The NGO Forum included 21 NGOs. It was not possible to count the number of persons reached by national media coverage. AES Nile Power 281 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Cliapter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Project in Chronological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Consultees Comments/Issues of Concern Where Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hydro EIA Environmental April 1997 Representatives from Need for, and benefits of, the project Section 4.1; 7.5; and, 7.6 Forum national and local Loss of Bujagali Falls, tourism and Busoga culture Chapter 7 and the RCDAP of government, Local MPs were against the project, the Forum was in favour the EIA academics, engineers and environmental forum members Public Meetings April-July Stakeholders in General sensitisation and preliminary discussions with local Chapter 6 and Targeted 1997 directly affected stakeholders Briefing villages General compensation issues (e.g., how much, when, how) Section 7.3.1; Chapter 6; Economic impact of facility and RCDAP Environmental impact Section 7.6 and 7.7 AESNP ensured they would not proceed without approval Section 7.3.2 to 7.3.6 from NEMA and WBG Chapter 2 of the EIA AES Nile Power 282 March, 2001 Bujagaioject IIydropower Facility EIA 17!mpter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Project in Chronological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Consultees Comments/issues of Concern Where Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hydro ___ EIA Meetings and July 1997 NEMA, Production and review of draft Terms of Reference (ToR) for PCDP (Appendix F) Interviews with Commissioner for EIA Key People, Tourism, Cumulative effects of prospective dam projects on the Nile; Section 7.4; 7.3.10; Progress Report, Uganda Tourist consideration of alternative designs Section 4.2 Target Briefing Board, Resettlement and compensation Sectioni 7.3.1; RCDAP Uganda Wildlife Public health (disease) Section 7.3.9 Authority, Ensure wide public and NGO consultation and information Chapter 6; PCDP His Highness the dissemination Kyabazinga of Busoga Quarrying (dust and noise pollution) Section 7.3.4; 7.7 Compliance with Uganda's international agreements Chapter 2 Insufficient consultation with Ministry of Tourism Chapter 6; PCDP No rare or precious wildlife would be affected by project Section 3.3; 7.3.2 to 7.6; 7.7 Bujagali Falls are of significant importance, economically Sectioin 7.3.7- 7.3.8; RCDAP (tourism) and spiritually of the EIA Ilis Highness was asked by AESNP to continue his support and cooperation regarding the project Meetings August - Various levels of Social, economic and cultural viability of the project Chapter 7 December Government, residenits Transparency of process Chapter 6 1997 of affected areas, Need for electricity Section 4.1 lJgandan Wildlife Improvement of local infrastructure and quality of life Section 7.5, 7.7 Authority, Compensation and resettlement Section 7.3.1; RCDAP Uganda Electricity T,and acquisition Chapter 4; Section 7.3.2; Board ________ _ .RCDAP of the EIA Survey and October Visitors to the Annual Information dissemination Chapter 6; PCDP of the EIA Display/Exhibition 1997 (and National/International Survey of 600 people re: benefits of project and Advertisilg 1998, 1999, trade show in Lugogo Visitors indicated desire for further information on 2000) environmental impact and project developmnent in general A ES Nile Power 283 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Ilydropower Facility Project in Chronological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Consultees Comments/Issues of Concern Where Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hydro EIA Meetings November- Project affected Notice of valuation RCDAP December stakeholders, various Rural electrification Chapter 4; Section 7.5; 7.6 1997 levels of government, Possible banking procedures for stakeholders RCDAP; PCDP of the EIA Banks Panel of Experts January 27- Paniel of Experts Process to date satisfactory, stressed need for continued PCDP of the EIA Public Meeting 29, 1998 consultation Local residents repeatedly requested that project process be .____ _____ __ _ quickened Meetings, Targeted January - Crop owners, local Crop valuation and compensation RCDAP; Section 7.3.1 Briefings June 1998 governments, Ministry Degradation of physical environment Section 7.3.2 to 7.3.6 of Natural Resources, Land acquisition Section 7.3.1; 7.3.2 UEB, Commissioner Protection of women, orphans, elderly and physically RCDAP for Disaster challenged RCDAP Section 7.5 Management, Ministry c of Labour and Social Jobs for local people Section 7.3.1; RCDAP; Welfare Compensation and resettlement Chapter 6; Chapter 7 of the Loss of Bujagali Falls ETA National and June 1998 NEMA, GoU Depts., Modification of ToR for EIA district meetings Local residents, Resettlement and compensation Section 7.3.1; RCDAP and Site Visit Panel of Experts, Cultural heritage concerns Section 7.3.8; 7.7; RCDAP Independent Tourism Site visit to Owen Falls dam Operator Suggested aesthetically pleasing spillway to help with Section 7.3.7 of the EIA tourism Meetings, Informal. July - All stakeholders, Preparation of Draft EIA and resettlement/compensation plan At-Home Meetings/ October including 10 village Area of impact Chapter 7 Survey 1998 meetings, Rural electrification/free electricity Section 7.5; 7.6 30 meetings with Crop and land valuation and compensation Section 7.3.1; RCDAP national and local Driikinig water Section 7.5; 7.3.3; RCL)AP AES Nile Power 284 March, 2001 BatjagalWoject IJydropower Facilit FIA -lUiapter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Project in Ch'ronological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Coisultees Coimients/Issues of Concern Wlhere Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hvdro _ _IA including LCs Well-being of wonmen and children and disadvantaged groups RCDAP Disease, flooding, ecosystem health, islands, destruction of Chapter 7, esp. Section. 7.3.9; Bujagali Falls 7.3.2 Access to river during construction Sectioni 7.3.3 Community development/projects/training (e.g., bankinig) RCDAP; Section 7.5 of the FIA Advertisement November- All stakeholders, Completion of draft EIS N/A December included 4 page insert 1998 in The New Vision, translation of I newspaper insert and Executive Summary into Luganda, and Radio announcements Meetings; Live December NEMA, GoU Depts. EIS Finalisation radio talk shows; 1998 - Resettlement and compensation, especially residents Nwithout Section 7.3.1: RCDAP newspaper Q&A, March 1999 land titles or transportation to new area worksliops Electricity sector competition Chapter 4 Procedures for notice to vacate RCDAP Improve lives of those affected Section 7.5; 7.6; RCDAP Need for electricity Section 4. 1 Re-valuation exercise RCDAP of the [IA Meetings, Letters, April - July Stakeholders, Resettlement and compensation esp. re: Gender Section 7.3.1; RCDAP Key person 1999 Women's Self-Help issues/women's rights Interviews, School Housing Project Rep., Action needed for banking training PCPD: RCDAP presentations Various levels of Moving of spirits Chapter 6: PCDP; Section government, Local 7.3.8 RCDAP Section 7.7 schools, Cultural . R AES Nile Power 285 ilMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility l'roject in Chronological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Consultees Comments/Issues of Concern Wlhere Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hydro ______________ _____ _ _ F.IA Leader in Busoga Need for power in Northern Regions Chapter 4 of the EIA (Western Bank), Classroom Question & Answer period Uganda Land Land acquisition/re-valuation exercise RCDAP of the EIA Coimmission NEMA Public August Local Stakeholders Presentation, Question &Answer session Hearing in Jinja 1999 Resettlement and compensation Section 7.3. 1; RCDAP of the Support for the proj'ect EIA Meetings, Letters, August University Students, Socio-economic impacts incl. desire for health and education Chapter 7; RCDAP 'I'elevision and 1999 - May Budondo Fishing improvements radio programmes 2000 Association, various water quality and quantity issues Section 7.3.3 levels of government, Updates/info dissemination/impacts and benefits RCDAP; s. 7.3.8 (Consultants) Cultural issues (consultants) Damaged crop compensation/planting of cash crops Section 7.3.1; RCDAP Resettlement and compensation problems/plans (e.g., noise Chapter 7; RCDAP of the and dust compensation) EIA Panel of Experts March 2000 19 NGOs How disadvantaged groups would benefit from non-cash RCD)AP Forum compensation How environlmental effects would be mitigated Chapter 7 Sensitisation of the affected people on resettlement Chapter 6; PCDP; RCDAP of Members expressed full support of project the EIA AES Nile Power 286 Marich, 2001 Bujagaloject Hydropoer Facility EIA Whapter 6 Table 6.1: Summary of Consultation Activities for the Bujagali Hydropower Facility Project in Chroiiological Order EIA Consultation Date Principal Consultees Comments/Issues of Concern Where Concern is Methodology Addressed in the Hydro EIA Opinion polling April 2000 50 Ugandan Non- Post-NEMA approval survey of public opiliOln governmental 96% of surveyed NGOs expressed support for the project organizations (NGOs) because of increased employment. provision of adequate power supply, opportunities for national and community development However, the project will implement environment and social RCDAP; Chapter 7 of the mitigation measures as prescribed by the Environmental EIA Impact Assessment Project Briefing in June 2000 International NGOs Presentation, open forum for discussioII Chapter 6: PCDP of the FIA Washington, DC World Bank Group requirements re: policy related to electricity planning in Uganda EIA placed in April 2001 International Public review of project documentation PCDP; Chapter 2 of the EIA World Bank Stakeholders Infoshop Final Disclosure, April 2001 Local Stakeholders Presentation, Question &Answer session PCDP; Chapter 2 of the EIA Uganda . Ugandan NGOs Final Disclosure, June 2001 International NGOs Presentation, open forum for discussion PCDP; Chapter 2 of the EIA Washington DC I . I I I Note: Shaded cells denote planned activities and their projected dates. NOTE: A full list of consultees and comments is located in the PCDP, Appendix F. AESINilePower 287 M11arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 This page is intentionally blank. AES Aile Power 2Y8 March, 20101 ! * + '-' ' '._;h . *. * -HU.I a '. .(LC3 Headquarters) * :. : .. . 3.(L C3 Headq uarte rs) .......-* .--*.* t 1, h40I** ', , * * ' 1 ' < * - . fs 4 |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'azng ,~~~~ ,1156e1 i )s *** 2 ,'1** )P **+ lt); > 5'22 , > * .' ,w,, _,,,;.,,,¢ ., ; ,Ivuam a .-u-yala@ - * z -?;S V- 5~ ~ ~~~~~~vks Na ii iz i - * So.- 26,,w*+; onayo h r3 z '3 ' 't * ' *d-t '* -> * Kiktlt>tirntil9?tKikubamUtWe-^ ;, X-,r;J ?t - *, * * --* - ;7Y[?t}4lanK take are ! ) rS *48 1 1 7?> ¢ ' ! C ' 9 * ''\- ; *-} . iS til} ?g>r. *. ,B.uj a g a I N 1 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~.)._r*+1,. _+-s lj,>- -ybra--:> -- t 3 * - 35?,flrl [ sAt ~ *-Mairlii*. . ^. . .( Namizi I* | ,, 'u/- '''X ainjor^EW ; 1262!r.s. . r e - > 5 ^ \ X & .> .+ ^ . * \ * ** X * w / + 1+ N s Y~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~lvnma ; 5 ,1 fi Sc { * ,, . . ^ ;;; ; ... Blobt.+ ....ffOyl, , t ... t -. . ) , 3 5 t1 * .WtY*tllel*, * *- . , *- 8; ' 's X Z 4 . ,J . * ** ¢, -.* *- s *N. * \;ZI 7 * i e > ' ; l tsf:.;aga * 449!0 . *,* X x~~~~~~~~ . t.-t-* ouce rE.eir GoyaXntt (0f1?;, v-. - -+ h.-; - _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~yb rwa'kbmteBjguiluub,ybraanNmz.uCa|"TnUn H §88A POE wOoiiClonotee,oevrhnEfnaieterjctPeaefr:L u lu ren lL U i -4F1 footprnt, Busla wss no longeraffected and Ivuamba wss AES NIIEPnWER ra"elil Te _ afete. ine Bysa asintillycosute, t illbeIn uedinvMVVlinUdi*i _ _ the community development actisn implemenueobby u qfPl_ Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 6.3.1 Summary of Main Issues Derived from Consultations AESNP undertook the foregoing public consultation activities to understand the concerns, priorities and opinions of the dircetly and indirectly affected stakeholders of the Bujagali project hydropower facility. The information was used by AESNP to design the project and its mitigation measures in response to the issues raised. The main concerns expressed by the stakeholders consulted are as follows. 6.3.1.1 Resettlement, Compensation and Land 1Valuation Of the issues raised by the directly affected stakeholders, resettlement, compensation for lost property and valuation of people's property, possessions and crops were the most frequently and strongly raised concerns. People who will need to be relocated in the immediate areas of the hydropower facility expect the valuation of their property and holdings to be carred out transparently and the compensation they receive to be at fair market value. They also expect to be compensated for the "economic displacement" that will result from their resettlement (e.g. lost revenues from fish catches). Generally, people consulted preferred cash compensation, as opposed to land-for-land compensation, and clearly did not wish to be told where to resettle. AESNP has admitted that its first land valuation exercise (carried out by their EIA consultants, WS Atkins International) in the directly affected communities in 1998 was flawed, resulting in exaggerated compensation packages being proposed for crops and land. When AESNP first proposed that this exercise would need to be re-done, local people were very upset. However, through ongoing negotiations with local people, and a transparent and accountable valuation process undertaken in 1999 and 2000, AESNP believes it has been able to rectify this situation. 6.3.1.2 Improved Access to Electricity, Health and Education Services It is a clear expectation of local people in the directly affected area of the power station that the Bujagali project will foster economic development in and around the project area and that AESNP will provide services to the area, which are presently unavailable or poorly developed. Specifically, many people raised the issue of new electricity and water provision in their communities resulting from the project. They do not wish to see all the project benefits accruing outside of the project area in distant areas of Uganda. Similarly, several people consulted raised the issue of inadequate health and education services that presently A ES Nile Power 291 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hy'dropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 cxist in the project area and expressed their desire that AESNP contribute to the improvement of these facilities. It should be noted that the AfDB is financing a study on renewable ene-gy in Uganda, entitled Alternative Energy Resource Assessment and Utilisation Study. 6.3.1.3 Concerns Regarding Negative Effects of the Project From some of the village meetings and focus group discussions undertaken by AESINP, concerns were raised, particularly by women, about the influx of "outsiders" who will ceme to the local area to be involved in the construction of the power station. This concern was raised in the context of increased spread of sexually transmitted diseases locally, including HIV/AIDS, and jobs filled by non-residents that should go, in their opinion, to local people, wherever possible. Conceen was also expressed about the inundation of the Bujagali Falls. The Falls, and several other natural features (rocks, trees) in the directly affected villages have spiritual value to the local people. Spiritual healers commented that proper ceremories would need to be conducted before these components of the natural environment are flooded by the project. By conducting these ceremonies, the spirits that reside there may be respecled, appeased and moved to another location (for more detail refer to the Cultural Property Management Plan within the RCDAP, which forms part of this EIA.) For the period of 1997 to 1999, a British PhD student undertook independent consultations by interviewing directly affected people. In his view, many of the interviewees had litle awareness of any negative factors associated with the hydropower facility. He also expressed his personal doubt that the resident spirits at the Falls site could be relocated. Finally, in meetings held with the white water rafting operators in the area and with the Ministry of Tourism, concerns were also expressed regarding the loss of white water rafting between Bujagali Falls and Dumbbell Island, and the potential loss of revenue from b th rafting and associated tourist activities. 6.3.1.4 General Supportfor the Project While there is some Ugandan opposition to the Bujagali project, the general results of the consultation exercise undertaken by AESNP and independent polls undertaken by the media, is that the majority of directly and indirectly affected stakeholders in Uganda support the project. In April 2000, AESNP retained an independent market research firm to poll the attitudes of 64 NGOs in Uganda. Ninety-six percent of the fifty successful interviewees eithier AES Nile Power 292 March, 2001 Bujagali Project iHvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 support or strongly support the Bujagali project (Steadman Research Services, 2000). Broad general support for the project was also expressed at the Jinja public hearing convened by NEMA in August 1999, provided that the resettlement and compensation package being developed by AESNP is implemented. Notwithstanding the general in-country support for the project expressed by local NGOs, several international NGOs oppose it, most significantly the International Rivers Network. Their position on the Bujagali project can be viewed on www.irn.ore. 6.3.1.5 Energy Planning Strategvfor Uganda In June 2000, AESNP hosted an open forum for international NGOs in Washington, DC., which closely followed a public forum held by the Panel of Experts in Uganda in March 2000. The primary topics of discussion at the June forum were the World Bank's energy planning strategy for Uganda and the need for the project. The principles of the Bujagali project were discussed, the review process was described, and views and concerns were registered. AESNP, WS Atkins and several Ugandan organisations, which were both supportive of, and opposed to, the proposed project, made presentations. The primary issues of concern raised by those in attendance were the World Bank Group's planning strategy for energy development in Uganda and the need for the project. AESNP is planning to convene a similar forum for NGOs within two months of the EIA submission to the World Bank InfoShop 6.3.2 Response to Main Issues Derived from Consultations 6.3.2.1 Cultural Issues To address the issue of potential cultural impacts of the project in the most appropriate manner, AESNP retained local consultants that specialise in cultural and anthropological research. AESNP retained Synergy Cultural Consultants (1999 and 2000) to conduct a cultural assessment in the directly affected villages in an attempt to fully understand the impact of the hydropower facility on the local culture. Synergy facilitated 20 focus groups on both banks of the Nile. They also interviewed the diviners (spirit mediums) with interests at the Bujagali site including the Kyabazinga of Busoga (cultural Minister of the Busoga Traditional Governmnent), Nabamba Bujagali and Nfuudu. The purpose was to gather religious information such as location of the sites of cultural significance, customary handling AES Nile Power 293 March, 2001 Bujagaii Project Hydropower Facility EIA Ciapter 6 of spirits (including transfcr/relocation), roles of tribal members, taboos and dangers in the spirit world, and related potential/historical problems, causes, coping strategies and solutio is. Based on their public consultation, Synergy concluded that transferring and settling witniin the spirit world is a traditional practice that continues to exist today. They also confinned that while there are no fixed costs on these practices, it is possible to pay a spirit caretaker to ise specific rituals to relocate a spirit (Synergy Cultural Consultants, 1999 and 2000). For more detail on this issue, refer to the Cultural Property Management Plan in the RCDAP of this EIA. AESNP is committed to implementing mitigation measures at the household and commuriity levels in accordance with the recommendations of the specialists. All proposals for mitigation have come directly from the affected people. It is worth noting that while the Bujagali rapids will be inundated, and there is concern regarding the impacts of flooding, it is considered by most parties directly involved with the spiritual value of the site that the issue is a localiz,ed one and that the impact is acceptable. The nmost prominent spiritual leaders (including the Nabamba Bujagali) have given their support to the Bujagali hydropower facility project. Furthernore, the preliminary baseline socio-economic survey (1998) revealed that ihe spiritual value of the Falls is not an important issue to the vast majority of the local community (83%). Finally, neither the Ministry of Culture at the national level nor The Kyabazinga of Busoga at the local level object to the project. It is therefore considered that while the Falls will be inundated, it is not seen as a cultural property loss or spiritual issue of significance by the majority of people who will be directly affected, at the individual, household, local community or national level. Chapter 3 discusses in greater detail the existing cultural conditions of the projected-affected villages around the Bujagali hydropower facility. Chapter 7 discusses the project's potential effects to this culture and proposed mitigation measures. The Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP) contains a Cultural Property Management Plan that further addresses cultural issues. 6.3.2.2 General Issues Based on the information derived from the public consultation exercises summarized in this chapter, AESNP developed mitigation measures and a RCDAP that are responsive to the AES Nile Power 294 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 concerns of the public, the government and that are in compliance with WBG guidelines. Mitigation measures for effects of the hydropower facility are discussed in detail in Chapter 7 of this report. The RCDAP is presented under separate cover as part of this EIA. The RCDAP contains provisions for on-going public dialogue, and for implementing mitigative measures regarding the resettlement and compensation issues associated with the hydropower facility. Chapter 7 of the RCDAP details actions to be taken regarding the village level disclosure, individual level disclosure, decisions and agreements on resettlement and compensation, and finally, the payment package. Part III of the RCDAP, the Community Development Action Plan, also sets out the means by which information regarding employment opportunities will be made available locally, and other community development matters, such as new access to electricity, improved health, water, sanitation, education facilities and new markets. The final development of the EAP will occur after project approval and wNill address in more detail the public consultation plans related to the construction and operation of the hydropower facility. If the World Bank Board were to approve the financing of the project, IFC would negotiate a loan provision contract with AESNP who would then revise the project's EAP to reflect environ-mental and social commitments contained in the contract with IFC. The revised EAP would then be released publicly. 6.4 Panel of Experts A Panel of Experts (POE) was established in late 1997 following a recommendation of the World Bank Group that AESNP should fund, and receive advice from, independent environmental and social specialists who would review the Bujagali project. The POE made five trips to Uganda between February, 1998 and February, 2000 and produced six reports of its observations, its stakeholder consultation activities (including a public forum convened in March 2000) and its recommendations on how the Bujagali project could be developed in more socially and environmentally appropriate ways. These reports are reproduced in their entirety on w ww.buiagali.com. The POE consulted with a broad cross-section of stakeholders rcspecting the Bujagali hydropower project, discussing environmental and social issues. Many of the results they obtained in their consultations were similar to those obtained by AESNP and WS Atkins, AES AVile Power 295 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 6 presented in the previous section. However, for certain issues, they produced more detailed information. First, they revealed the extent of public opposition to the re-valuation exercise of people's land for compensation purposes and disclosed allegations of bribery and record falsification that occurred during the original EIA valuation exercise. Second, t hey concentrated more comprehensively on the health implications of the project, asking people directly how mitigation of potential health impacts arising from the project should oc: ur. Third, they consulted widely on the question of "community development," (i.e., v hat AESNP could voluntarily do in the project area to enhance health and education servi; es, access to electricity, market development, access to credit, etc.). The Panel of Experts expressed their opinion that the project consultation before tlleir involvement had been satisfactory and stressed the need for continued consultation. In their consultations with the residents, they heard repeated requests that the project move ah. ad more quickly. They also acknowledged AESNP's responsiveness to the requests of the Ugandan people and their positive efforts to carry out the valuation and compensation process in a transparent manner. However, the Panel noted that as a result of such transparency, there has been an increase in the number of "affected" people claiming compensation in the project area. Due to a 2.5-year delay in the project, the islands in the Nile that are expected to be affected, have been decimated from their semi-natural habitat status to small crop farms for agricultural cash compensation. People have either migrated to the area andlor substituted subsistence crops with cash crops in anticipation of receiving compensation packages from AESNP. 6.5 Parallel Consultation Activities While AESNP was undertaking its planning and development of the Bujagali project, IFC was considering what the basin-wide implications of hydropower development in the Victcnia Nile were going to be. Realistically, three hydropower developments could be develop-ed (Bujagali, Kalagala and Karuma - see section 4.2.) and the potential for cumulative effects arising from these multiple projects in the Victoria Nile basin could be significant. A, a potential financier for such projects, IFC commissioned two studies in 1999 to address thiis broader question, one by Acres International (1999) and one by ESG International (2000). Acres International (1999) consulted with two main groups of people: directly affecied stakeholders and "informed stakeholders" (people from central government, local AES Nile Power 296 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 6 government, NGOs, development organizations and hydropower developers). Three open meetings were held for directly affected stakeholders, two of which were near the Bujagali project site and one in Karuma village. These were all well attended, having 90, 154 and 197 people in attendance, respectively. A workshop was also held in Kampala for the informed stakeholders to seek their views/concerns respecting hydropower development in the Victoria Nile. The issues expressed by the directly affected stakeholders were the issues of support for the project, the prospect of future employment, compensation for resettlement. loss of cultural sites, and influx of outsiders, noted earlier. The informed stakeholders added their concern regarding the loss of tourism revenues resulting from the Bujagali project, loss of aesthetic values and a concern that the already insufficient health and education facilities at both sites would be further compromised by an influx of workers and their families. They also noted that the proximity of the Kalagala, Bujagali and Owen Falls (and Owen Falls Extension) projects to one another raised the potential for cumulative environmental impacts (Acres, 1999). ESG International was retained by IFC to bring a greater level of detail to how the foregoing question of possible cumulative effects arising from multiple hydropower projects in the basin could be addressed. In doing so, they conducted a workshop in Kampala in November 1999 with essentially the same "informed stakeholders" group that Acres had consulted at its workshop several months earlier. Based on their consultations, ESG concluded that for any project to proceed in the Victoria Nile basin, its positive developmental impacts (e.g., access to electricity, health services and education services) would need to be maximised while its negative enviromnental and social effects (e.g., to natural river flow, to cultural/spiritual sites) would need to be minimised. This would provide the basin-wide context for future decision-making on hydropower developments on the Victoria Nile. A final parallel consultation activity relative to the Bujagali project that was undertaken was by the World Commission on Dams (WCD) in its December 2000 African and Middle East consultations held in Cairo, Egypt. Here, Save Bujagali Crusade expressed its opposition to the Bujagali project on enviromnental and cultural grounds. The WCD heard from several other local groups from Africa and the Middle East on their experiences with large dams that AES Nile Power 297 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 6 inforrmed the WCD's final recommendations. The WCD's final report can be vieweci on www.dams.oru. 6.6 Future Public Consultation and Disclosure Commitments During thie construction phase of the project, AESNP's contractors will proactively, throuigh local authorities, disseminate infonnation regarding construction activities, in ordel to maintain public dialogue. Clauses are included in the Contractor's contractual agreement to ensure that consultation continues to take place throughout the construction phase so that people are continually informed and have an opportunity to give feedback and input to the construction proceedings. Throughout both the construction and operation phases of the project, AESNP will prom ide the project-affected people with legal counsel and banking training to assist with the smooth implementation of the RCDAP. AESNP will continue to liaise with the affected stakeholkers during this time by means of a steering group consisting of project-affected people representatives from both banks of the Nile, AESNP Community Infornation Officers, md Construction Officers. AESNP is committed under the RCDAP to maintain a team in Uganda for five years after construction to ensure mitigation and community development obligations are carried out. Furthermore, the AESNP site office, visitor centre and the Jinja and Kamlpala offices will continue to be open. Information about the facility will be available at the A,ES Corporate website (www.aesc.com). AESNP has attempted to address all comments and concerns raised by the public md agencies during consultations on the Bujagali hydropower facility project. Responses to public input by AESNP are detailed in the project mitigation measures in Chapter 7 of this ELA and in the Hydropower Facility RCDAP. AESNP has taken, and will continue to take, action to ensure the RCDAP and ot ner mitigative actions are adequately implemented, and that stakeholder concerns continue to be addressed. The Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan, found in Appendix F of this EIA, details how this will be done in the project phases to come. AES Nile Power 298 March, 2001 Buijagall Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 7.1 Introduction This EIA adopts a project life ccle assessment format. It focuses on the development of specific management initiatives during the construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of the project to ensure that: i) the people closest to the project receive the projected benefits; ii) environmental and socio-economic impacts are minimised; and iii) health and safety impacts are kept to a minimum. To optimise the life cycle assessment, linkages between potential impacts (i.e., key environmental issues), mitigative measures (i.e., management actions), net effects (i.e., residual effects), and monitoring programs (i.e., management decision tools) are explicitly made. The section provides: I. Compliance screening of the project against Government of Uganda, World Bank/Intemational Financial Corporation, African Development Bank and International Treaties and Conventions Ratified by Uganda (Section 7.2); 2. Identification and analysis of "Key Project Issues" (Section 7.3); 3. Identification and analysis of community benefits (Section 7.4) and economic and developmental benefits (Scction 7.5); and, 4. A net effects analysis in tabular format summarizing the key project issues from Section 7.3. as well as the balance of issues and concems that are of a more routine nature, the impacts of which are well understood and manageable using proven techniques (Scetion 7.6). The mitigation and management tables provided in Section 7.7 provide the basis for development and implementation of the project specific Environmental Action Plan presented in Section 8. AES Nile Power 299 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.2 Compliance Screening 7.2.1 Government of Uganda Legislation and Regulations The applicable Government of Uganda statutes and regulations to the Bujagali hydropower facility (discussed in detail in Section 2.1), along with a brief statenment indica:ing compliance with each, are provided in Table 7.1 Table 7.1: Compliance of the Bujagali Hydropower Facility with Government of Uganda Policies and Regulations Act or Regulation Project Status: Rationale The Constitution of Complies: The Bujagali hydropower facility has been planned in the Republic of accordance with all relevant government enacted laws to protect aid Uganda, 1995 preserve the environment from abuse, pollution and degradation, and to manage the environment for sustainable development. AESNP required a guarantee from government for the purchase of pow; r, in accordance with the Constitution. The Parliament of Uganda approv, d the Power Purchase Agreement between AES Nile Power and the Ugan ia Electricity Board in November 1999. AESNP, in its RCDAP, has ensured that people whose land is compulsorily acquired are entitled to fair and adequate compensation before acquisition of the land, under Articles 26 and 237. The Investment Code Complies: AESNP, being a foreign company, applied for, and was issued, No. 1/91 an Investment License by the Uganda Investment Authority in September 1997, conditional upon the approval of the EIA for the project by NEMA. The Electricity Act, Complies: AESNP acquired a generation license for the hydropow-r 1999 facility, under S.52 of the Act, in January 2000. Under S.76 (7), AESNP, as a holder of a license for hydropow-r generation, will pay royalties to the Jinja and Mukono Distri zt governments, as agreed upon by the Electricity Regulatory Authority. AESNP will provide compensation for affected people, determined in accordance with the Land Act, 1998 and the Land Acquisition Act, 1965. Where an interest in land greater than the right of use is required for purposes of construction of the transmission system, the Government i)f Uganda mav exercise compulsory acquisition. The National Complies: An Environmental Impact Study was prepared following the Environment requirements of the EIA Regulations under this statute and NEMA issued a Management Statute, certificate of approval for the project in November, 1999. 1995 and its Regulations Under S.35 (2), NEMA granted a written waiver to AES Nile Power In December, 1999 of the prohibitions in S. 35 (1) of in-river construction activities. The requiremcnt of the National Environment (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lakeshores) Management Regulations that rivers like the Victoria Nile shall have a protection zone of one hundred metres from their highest watermark, will be upheld by AESNP following inundation of ti:e reservoir and this zone shall be regulated by NEMA. AES Nile Power 300 March, 20tO1 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chtapter 7 Table 7.1: Compliance of the Bujagali Hydropower Facilitv with Government of Uganda Policies and Regulations Act or Regulation Project Status: Rationale The Water Statute. Complies: AESNP made its applications for permits under S.6 and S. 1 8 1995 and its of the Statute, to acquire the right to use water and to construct/operate a Regulations hydraulic works on a waterway, respectively. These were issued by the Director of Water Development following NEMA's approval of the EIS. The Rivers Act (CAP Compliance Underway: AESNP will apply for a dredging license. 347) AESNP has already obtained approval under Sections 6 and I of the Water Statute. 1995. The Land Act, 1998 Complies: As required under the Constitution of UJganda, prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation where land is compulsorily acquired will be made by AESNP, as laid out in S.78 of the Land Act. S.41 (7) sets out that AESNP, being an American company, is a non- citizen and can only acquire leasehold for the affected lands for the 30- year period agreed upon with government. The permit granted to AESNP under the Water Statute is also a permit under S.45 (5) of the Land Act for licenses, permits in respect of a natural resource. AESNP, being holder of a generation license, is an authorised undertaker under the Act, licensed to execute public works. The Town and Complies: The Town and Country Planning Board declared the Bujagali Country Planning Act project site a Planning Area and re-zoned the site from agricultural use to (CAP 30) hydropower generation use by statutory instrument of 2000. The Uganda Wildlife Complies: The Bujagali hydropower facility will be consistent with the Statute, 1996 requirements of the Uganda Wildlife Statute, 1996, including preparation of an EIS. Impacts to the Jinja Animal Sanctuary, established under this Statute, and mitigation measures to be taken to minimise these impacts, are addressed in this EIA. Save from the above, no approvals for implementation of the project will be required from the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Fisheries Act Complies: The requirement of the Act to carry out a socio-economic impact analysis to determine the impact of the proposed project on the fish catches in the project area was carried out as part of the project EIA. The Local Complies: AESNP has consulted extensively with the pertinent LC5. LC3 Government Act and LC1 Chairmen of Jinja and Mukono Districts, as set out in the Act, No.1/1997 with respect to the devolved powers they administer, namely: land administration, physical planning, forests and wetlands. Riparian Agreements Complies: There is no formal regulatory regime to comply with as Uganda repudiated the colonial-era treaties respecting the river Nile Agreements following independence. In February 2000, the Government of Uganda notified the governments of Nile riparian states of the intended construction of the Bujagali hydropower project. None of the countries has expressed any objections to the project. AES AVile Power 301 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.2.2 World Bank/International Financial Corporation Policies and Procedures The applicable World Bank/IFC policies, along with a brief statement indicating overall project compliance with each policy, are provided in Table 7.2. Included also are comments on compliance of the Hydropower Facility with the IFC and draft World Bank Group policies on Labour Standards and Disclosure of Ihiforncation. Table 7.2: Compliance Of The Buijagali Hvdropower Facility With World Bank/1lC Operational Policies WB/IDA and IFC Policy Status: Rationale OP 4.01, Environmental Complies: An environmental assessment is being prepared Assessment following the requirements for a Category A project. OP 4.04, Natural Habitats Complies: The project involves conversion of riverine and terrestrial habitat to hydropower facility and run-of-river impoundment. Ongoing investigations by the World Bank are directed at establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area, which the project sponsor has agreed to in principle. In compliance with the policy, the overall local, regional and national benefits derived from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs. Mitigation measures have been included to minimize habitat loss. OP 4.09, Pest Management Complies: No significant increase in prevalence of disease vectoi s (pests) is expected due to run-of-river design and daily water levtl fluctuations of the reservoir. If pest management is required, mechanical, biological or environmental control methods will be prioritised over use of synthetic chemical pesticides. OP 4.11, Cultural Property Complies: Cultural properties located within the area to be (World Bank) inundated or areas otherwise affected during construction have been identified. A Cultural Properties Management Plan has beer OPN 11.03, Cultural Property developed which provides details of the work undertaken on (IFC) surveys and studies of cultural property, consultations held, AESNP's approach to the issue, and detailed proposals for the management of cultural property. Ongoing investigations by the World Bank are directed at maintaining and protecting an area culturally similar to Bujagali Falls, which the project sponsor has agreed to, in principle. The project's Environmental Action Plan contains provisions on how the discovery of unknown artefacts (if any are found before or after construction commences) will be managed. OP 4.36, Forestry Complies: The only forestry practices involve clearing of woodec vegetation in the areas to be inundated, and in areas to be cleared to allow construction. OP 4.37, Safety of Dams Complies: A panel has been appointed. OP 7.50, Projects on Complies: The two downstream states, Sudan and Egypt, have International Waterways been notified and following a 6 month comment period have not objected to the project. AES Nile Power 302 March, 2601 Bujagali Project IH'dropower Facilifv EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.2: Compliancc Of The Bujagali Hydropower Facilihy With World Bank/lFC Operational Policies WB/IDA and IFC Policy Status: Rationale OP 7.60, Projects in Disputed Not Relevant: The Project is not situated in a disputed area. Areas OP 4.12, Involuntary Complies: A Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared and will Resettlement (World Bank) be implemented to ensure that the Project meets the policy's OD 4.30, Involuntary requirements. Resettlement (IFC) OP 4.10, indigenous peoples Not Relevant: No indigenous peoples as defined by OD 4.20 are to (World Bank) be affected by the Project. OD 4.20, Indigenous Peoples (IFC) Labour Standards (IFC) Complies: AES will not utilize forced or child labour. Disclosure of Information Complies: Information about the project will be made available Policy locally and nationally in tJganda, and at the World Bank InfoShop. Information disclosure has been carried out in English and in Luganda. 7.2.3 African Development Bank (AfDB) Policies and Procedures It is expected that compliance of the project with NEMA, World Bank and IFC Policies, Procedures and Guidelines will result in compliance with all AfDB policies, procedures and guidelines listed in Section 2.3. In order to comply with AfDB's Public Disclosure requirements, the environmental assessment documentation will be provided to AfDB for public release by the Bank. 7.2.4 International Treaties and Conventions Relevant intemational environmental treaties and conventions, along with a brief statement indicating project compliance with each, are provided in Table 7.3. Table 7.3: Compliance Of The Bujagali hlydropower Facility With International Treaties And Conventions Ratified By Uganda Treaty / Convention Status: Rationale 1958 Convention on Fishing Not Applicable: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility will not and Conservation of the involve activities within the high seas. Living Resources of the High Seas 1968 African Convention on Complies: The project does not involve significant effects to areas the Conservation of Nature considered strict nature reserves and Natural Resources AES Nile Power 303 March, 2001 Bujagali Projecf Hydr-opower Facilitv EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.3: Compliance Of '[he Bujagali Hydropower Facility With Internatioral Treaties And Conventions Ratified Bv Uganda Treatv / Convention Status: Rationale Convention on Wetlands of Complies: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility will not involve International Importance activities within a wetland of international importance. Especially as Waterfowl E Habitat 1985 Vienna onvention for the Complies: The Bujagalh Hydropower Facility will not produce ov Protection of Ozone Layer emit significant amounts of ozone-depleting compounds. 1987 Montreal Protocol on Complies: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility will not produce or Substances that Deplete the emit significant amounts of ozone-depleting compounds. Ozone Layer 1973 Convention on Complies: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility will not import or Initemational Trade in export endangered species. Measures are in place to manage illeEal Endangered Species of Wild take of bushmeat. Fauna and Flora 1992 International Convention Complies: Activities associated with the Bujagali Hydropower to Combat Desertification Facility will not promote desertification. 1992 Convention on Complies: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility addresses effects o0i Biological Diversity biodiversity. 1992 Convention on Climatic Complies: Under the convention, developing countries are not Changes bound by formal emission requirements. Regardless, electricity production by hydropower is considered to release relatively low CO2 emissions compared to main alternative of electricity production by combustion of fossil fuels, and therefore contributes positively to an overall strategy to minimize CO2 emissions. Lusaka Agreement on Complies: The Bujagali Hydropower Facility will not involve Cooperative Enforcement importation or exportation of flora or fauna. Measures are in place Operations Directed at Illegal to manage illegal take of bushmeat dtiring construction. Trade in World Flora and Fauna Intergovernmental Authority Complies: Activities associated with the Bujagali Hydropower on Drought and Facility will not promote desertification. Desertification 7.3 Key Project Issues The following key project issues have been identified based on comments received by proj;:ct stakeholders, and the experience of the study team with similar assignments. Each of the issues is dealt with, in turn, in the following subsections. Issues of a more routine nature that are common to large construction projects, and for which effective mitigation measures .:re well known, are dealt with directly in the summary impacts, mitigation and monitoring table (Table 7.16). * Resettlement and Land Compensation * Effects on Land AES Nile Power 304 March, 2001 Bujagali Project 1ydropower Facility EIA Chiapter 7 * Effects on Water * Effects on Air Quality * Effects on Noise Levels * Access Roads and Traffic * Effects on Managed and Protected Areas * Tounrsm, Whitewater Rafting and Aesthetics * Effects on Cultural Property * Public Health Effects * Risk Assessment * Other Construction Related Issues * Other Operations Related Issues 7.3.1 Resettlement and Land Compensation The details of Resettlement and Compensation activities to be carried out are presented in the Hydropower Facility Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), a component part of the separately documented Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP). The RAP also details the monitoring activities to be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the compensation and resettlement programme and to identify the need for additional management measures. This section provides a summary of: the land required for the project; the people, businesses and other land uses affected; and, AESNP's compensation and resettlement strategy. Overall, the compensation and resettlement measures to be provided are designed to ensure that project-affected persons are better off, or at least no worse off, as a result of the project. 7.3.1.1 Project Land Requirements Land required for the construction and operation of the hydropower facility totals 238 ha and falls within two categories: permanent land take and temporary land take, as shown in Figure 4.6. Permanent land take will include a total of 125 ha, comprised of: AES Nile Power 305 March, 2001 Buijagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * 45 ha of land that will not be inundated: 25.17 ha on the west bank; C 6.67 ha on the east bank; c 13.06 ha on the islands; and, * 80 ha of land that will be inundated: 0 35.28 ha on islands; c 44.72 ha along the riverbank. Temporary land take will include 113 ha, composed of: * 106.1 ha on the west bank; and, - 6.9 ha on the east bank. Temporary land take will become available for local people to use again, once constructiol is completed. After the completion of the works and reinstatement of the land by BEC, the leasehold title to the temporary land take will be transferred to ULC. In accordance with Section 41 of the Land Act, non-citizens of Uganda cannot hold land under freehold regime, but can acquire a lease. Consequently, the Government of Uganda will acquire the land required for the development from its present owners, with AESNP advancing funding for the land acquisition. The land will be held by the Uganda L:rnd Commission and leased to AESNP for a 30-year term. At the end of the 30-year term, when AESNP transfers the hydropower facility to the GoU in accordance with its BOOT (Bui[d, Own, Operate, Transfer) agreement, the leased land will also be transferred to the GoU. TFhe Uganda Land Commission, the body charged with holding the land belonging to the GoU, will acquire the land on behalf of the Governrment and be responsible for implementing all required procedures. The Bujagali Project (via the ULC) will compensate people for a total of 223.8 ha, based upon the socio-economic survey conducted in 2000. There is a slight difference of approximately 14 ha between the total amount of land required for the project, and Che amount of compensation to be paid to landowners, which is attributed to communal palhs, roads and streams within the project-affected area that are not individually owned. AES ANile Power 306 Muarch, 2(101 Bujagali Pro ject JJvdropower Facilit EM Chapter 7 Lost assets, which AESNP will pay compensation for, include the following: * Landowners' loss of land. In addition, they may lose crops and buildings (residential or otherwise); * Tenants (as defined by the Land Act) may lose land, crops and buildings: * Sharecroppers (licensees) may lose crops. Usually sharecroppers will not lose residential buildings since they are not allowed to reside on plots where crops are shared with the owncr. With regards to land, plots can fall either completely or partially within the land take area. If there is a building on the plot, it can be either within the land take area or outside the area. The range of situations encountered within the land take area is shown in Figure 7.1. Project-A4ffected Persons (PAPs) Project-Affected Persons Project-Affected Persons are persons who lose assets as a result of the project, whatever the extent of the loss. Lost assets may be land rights, structures, crops, or a combination of these three. Not all Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) have to relocate as a result of the project. The total number of Project-Affected Persons is 1,288 households, or 8,700 individuals. This number includes all "dependents" declared as such by the household head during the socio- economic survey, some of whom may be children over 18 years, or other dependents who are not houschold members in sociologic or economic termns. When these latter are deducted, the number of project-affected persons is 5,158. Refer to Section 6 of the Resettlement Action Plan (Part I of the RCDAP which forms part of this submission) for additional details. This count of PAPs amalgamates persons with very different levels and extents of loss, as detailed below. Figure 7.2 presents in a graphic form, the numbers and categories of project- affected persons. Displaced Persons Displaced persons are those Project-Affected Persons who have to relocate as a result of the project. They may be either physically-displaced or economically-displaced. The maximum potential number of Physically-Displaced Persons that will be required to move their domicile is 714 individuals from 101 households (corresponding to situations A2, B2 and B3 A ES Nile Power 307 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitr EIA Chapter 7 as shown on Figure 7.1). The number of Physically-Displaced Persons was determined by direct counts and surveys of the people residing within the land take area of the project (temporary and permanent land take). Within the 101 households that are categorized as physically-displaced, it is estimated that 19 will only have to relocate to the unaffected part of their plot, with the remaining plot b ring sufficient for the household to continue to run a sustainable farrning system. In this situaiion, there will be limited disruption to the household. Additional details can be found in Section 6 of the RAP (Part I of the RCDAP which forms part of this submission). The total number of affected residential structures is 108. These include 10 permanent stnictures, 88 'semi-permanent' and 10 'non-permanent' structures. Economicallv-Displaced Economically-Displaced Persons are persons who do not reside within the land acquisilion area but may have to relocate because they are affected by such a loss of assets that the remaining assets are not economically viable. This situation corresponds to categories Al and B13 on Figure 7.1, and includes 1,187 households, or 7,986 individuals. Using 0.8 hecnare as the threshold for agricultural sustainability for a household, it is estimated ihat approximately 144 (12%) of these 1,187 households will lose such a large portion of their land holding that they will require land compensation. The final number of economically- displaced persons will be determined when the individuals disclose their prefeTred resettlement and compensation option. Refer to Chapter 7 of the Resettlement Action Plan, submitted under separate cover, for additional details. Comparison of Bujagali's Environmental Effects with Other Large Dams The Bujagali hydropower project was compared with other large dams around the world to gauge the magnitude of its effects relative to its benefits. A tool to undertake t his comparative analysis was developed by World Bank Environment Group staff using the two key criteria of hectares flooded per MW generated and number of oustees per MW generated. When these two values are known for a proposed dam, they can be plotted on a graph and compared with those of other large dams. In Figure 7.2, the Bujagali project compares favourably relative to other large dams around the world when considering the criteria of ha flooded per MW generated and number of oustees per MW generated. AES Nile Power 308 March, 20 91 TOTALLY AFFECTED PLOTS PARTIALLY AFFECTED PLOTS SITUATION A-1 SITUATION B-1 The plot is totally affected. The plot is partially affected- There is no building. There is no building. SITUATION A-2 SITUATION B-2 The plot is totally affected. The plot is partially affected. There is a residential building. There is a residential building in the unaffected part. Boundary of land take area Residential building SITUATION B-3 Portion of plot within the land take area The plot is partially affected. There is a residential building I. Portion of plot outside the land take area in the affected part. FProject Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503-H_87 Figure 7.1 FACILITY EIA I AN PWER Prepared for: RANGE OF SITUATIONS ENCOUNTERED AES NILE POWER BY PROJECT-AFFECTED PERSONS w ~~~~~~~~~~ -. 1 000.000 I_|_ . KEDUNG OMBO r AWO RST *1VICTORIA PAK MUN KOMPIENGA 100.000 _ MANGLA NARMADA SAG R CABORA BASSA THREE GORGES * KAINJI *SOBRADINH AKOSOMBO TEHRI TARBELA ATATURK AASWAN HIGH YAfYRT NAM NGUM GUATAPE H 2 __ 10.000 0 PAA SIAD A &FLMAS UAUEL ERTAN PLFIAYAS S*SERRA DA MESA GUAo ITAIPU BAN TCURUI G ZAYA BALBINA *ARUN III GRAND COULEE PORTO PRIMAVERA CHIVOR [LHA SOLTEIRA POTPRMV 2 1.000 _____ _______ _. 1.0oc ~ ~ ~ r) GHAZI BAROTHA GURI COMPLEX 3 * *LA GRANDE o 0.100 ___._ _ _ 1 DALESICE TACOMA 0 EMBORACAO SOGAMOSO OBENMORE PEHUNCHE * 0.010 0 NAM THEUN-HINBOUN 0.001 VICTORIA BEST 1.000 0,000-.--- 0 1 1 0 1 no 10,000 ha/MW Source: Adapted from Goodland (1997) Project Name: BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER I Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H 95 Figure 7.2 --NiL Prepad _ FACILIT:EIA HYDROPOWER "EFFICIENCY" RATIO d_i Prepared for: ]OF BUJAGALI COMPARED TO OTHER AES NILE POWER LARGE DAMS IN THE WORLD Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Businesses Affected A number of project affected persons are involved in small businesses that will be directly affected by the project, including activities such as bicycle/taxi driver and merchants. Ten percent of the project-affected households indicated that they fish in the River Nile. Other businesses that will be affected by the proposed project include white water rafting operations run by Adrift (U) Ltd and Nile River Explorers. Public Facilities Affected A Baptist Church in Namizi is the only public building within the project affected area, although the building itself lies outside the land acquisition boundary. Refer to Section 5 of the RAP, submitted under separate cover, for additional details. The only recreational facility situated within the project-affected area is the Bujagali picnic site. School children regularly visit this site. However, the site is used mostly by tourists versus local people, due to the cost of admission. 7.3.1.2 Principles for Compensation and Resettlement Compensation and resettlement within the project site falls within one of five situations. Figure 7.3 illustrates the five situations encountered and the resettlement and compensation packages to be implemented by the project. Compensation and resettlement packages will be based upon the census conducted in 2000. Any household identified during the census as having interests affected by the project is eligible to resettlement and compensation packages proportionate to the level of impact, regardless of land tenure regime (formal or customary, ownership or tenancy). The compensation and resettlement process provides a range of options from which households can choose. The process itself will be overseen by a witness NGO and includes provision of legal advice to households, as required. A resettlement area of 48.6 ha has been identified in Naminya village, which is one of the 8 affected villages. The resettlement area is located close to Jinja and the main West Bank road. In addition, a primary school and a health clinic are situated in the vicinity. The primary school will be expanded by AESNP in order to accommodate the influx of resettled children. Houses within the resettlement area will be serviced by roads and a borehole. AES Nile Power 313 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Consultations held with the residents of Naminya indicate that there is no opposition from either the village leaders or the general public. Additional details are included Chapter- 7 of the RCDAP. Refer to Figure 3.6 for the location of the resettlement area, and Figure 13 of the RCDAP for the proposed layout of the resettlement land. A full resettlement package will be offered to affected landowners who will need to relocate. The package includes: * A plot within the resettlement area on the West Bank. The few East Bank settlers who have expressed preference at remaining on the East Bank will be resettled at a site oa the East Bank. A potential site has been identified (refer to Chapter 7 of the RCDAP for more details). The plot will be slightly greater in size to the present affected person's plot, and be of similar or better agricultural potential; * Provision of a replacement house, based upon a model developed in Uganda by the NGO "Habitat for Humanity", including a corrugated iron roof, a concrete floor, and a ventilated pit latrine (refer to Section 7.30 of the RCDAP for photos of a typical house); * Agricultural inputs such as seeds, seedlings and fertilizers; * Cash compensation for the value of lost perennial crops, * A disturbance allowance of 15% if notice to vacate is 6 months or more, 30% if notice to vacate is less than 6 months; and, * Cash compensation for the cost of the actual move. Households who decide not to resettle, or who are not eligible to resettle, will receive cash compensation for their land, perennial crops, and their buildings. All compensations are calculated according to Ugandan laws, with an uplift from AESNP as required to meet WB/IFC requirements. According to Ugandan law, compensatioin need not be provided for businesses to relocate. The 6-month notice to vacate is intended to provide people with adequate lead-time to re- establish their business. The above measures are designed to ensure that project-affected persons are better off, or at least no worse off, following resettlement. The RAP provides for additional assistance to vulnerable persons. Grievance, monlitoring and evaluation procedures are also prescribed in the RAP. AES Nile Power 314 March, 2001 TOTALLY AFFECTED PLOTS PARTIALLY AFFECTED PLOTS SITUATION A-1 SITUATION A-2 SITUATION B-1 SITUATION B-2 SITUATION B-3 946 HOUSEHOLDS/ 79 HOUSEHOLDSI 241 HOUSEHOLDS/ 22 HOUSEHOLDS/203 INDIVIDUALS 6959 INDIVIDUALS 511 INDIVIDUALS 1027 INDIVIDUALS * Land for land * Land for land * Land for land . Land for land compensation, and compensation, and compensation, and compensation, and . Cash compensation, and * Cash compensation * Cash compensation . Resettlement. of crops, and * Cash compensation of crops, and * Resettlement, of crops, and * Resettlement. Or, If the remaining plots are sustainable: Or, If the . Resettlement. Or, If the . Cash compensation of land, and remaining plots remaining plots . Cash compensation of crops, and are sustainable: are sustainable: * Cash compensation of building (in Situation B-3 only). * Cash compensation * Cash compensation of land, and of land, and * Cash compensation * Cash compensation of crops. of crops. I Boundary of land take area Residential Building Portion of plot within the land take area l l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Project Namne: Portion of plot outside the land take area BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503_H_88 Figure 7.3 FACILITY EIA NUMBERS AND CATEGORIZATION OF PO"E, Prepared for: PROJECT-AFFECTED PERSONS AND -WA AES NILE POWER RESETTLEMENT & COMPENSATION PACKAGES Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The RAP has been designed to comply with all tJgandan Laws, and to meet the relevant World Bank and IFC safeguard policies and guidelines. The RAP specifies the activities to be completed, implementation schedules, budgets and roles of the responsible parties. 7.3.2 Effects on Land 7.3.2.] Temporary Land Take The 113 ha of temporary land take required for the project comprises the following components: * East bank access road; * West bank temporary works area; - West bank stockpile area; and, - Area of west bank south of the power station, including the area surrounding the Buloba quarry. AESNP will have a leasehold title to the area of land encompassed by the Setting Out Points (SOP) boundaries on both banks for a period of five years. At the end of this leasehold period, the 'radical title' (113 ha of land above the 1116 m MSL contour not taken by the permanent works) will pass to ULC. As a requirement of the EPC contract, the temporary land take areas will be reinstated to a condition that will make it possible for the land to be used for agriculture, forestry or industry. The ultimate decision as to the final uses for this land will rest with ULC. 7.3.2.2 Permanent Land Take The 125 ha of permanent land take required for the project comprises the following components: * 25.17 ha on the west bank; * 6.67 ha on the east bank; * 13.06 of islands that will not be inundated; and, * 80.00 ha that will be inundated (including islands and riverbank). AES Nile Power 3 17 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The land between Full Supply Level (1111.5 m MSL) and the 1116 m contour will be managed by AESNP for the 30-year operating concession period. The socio-econcmic surveys carried out in 1998-2000 indicated that a large proportion of this land is currnntly under cultivation for cash crops, some perhaps on land of poor utility for agriculture dae to steep slopes in anticipation of financial compensation from the Bujagali project. Mitigation measures: AESNP will plant native and medicinal tree species in areas of the riparian strip between the FSL (1111.5 MSL) and the 1116 m contour that are currently bare or planted with cash and/or subsistence crops, in order to control erosion and to provide (in the long tern) roosting sites for birds and bats. Re-planting will be carried out in consultation with the Forest Department, who will advise as to the preferred tree species to be used. As indicated in a report prepared by Muramira (2000), several NGOs within the region have the capacity, and interest, to undertake tree planting in this area, including: the Jinja- based environmental NGO, AUXFOUND; Africa 2000; Environmental Alert, Uganda IFarmn Family Development Association; and, the Busoga Youth Development Association. Tlhese NGOs are capable of supplying large numbers of seedlings. If necessary, supplemental supplies of seedlings can be purchased from the Forest Department. The NGOs wilL be encouraged to hire people from the immediate vicinity to plant the trees, with at least one-half of the planters being women. Positive benefits of this mitigation measure include: provision of employment to local people; enhancement of the landscape; and, improving the biodiversity of the area by re-establishing indigenous tree species and planting fruit trees. 7.3. 2.3 Effects on Terrestrial Ecology The upper reaches of the Nile valley contain a number of islands, covering a total area of approximately 48 ha. Some of the smaller or less accessible islands have retained remn.ant natural riparian vegetation. Of this area, approximately 35 ha will be submerged (.his includes islands located within the Jinja Animal Sanctuary, which are addressed in rriore detail in Section 7.3.7) when the reservoir is filled. The inundation will result in the loss of terrestrial vegetation in the submerged areas. The new shorelines of islands partially submerged will experience an approximate 2 m d;&ily fluctuation in water levels. The fluctuating water level will restrict vegetation to tolerant species, such as Vossia grass (FIRRI, 2001). AES Nile Power 318 AMarchi, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The inundation of riverbanks and islands will result in a loss of habitat for birds, bats and other animals. Neither of the two aquatic bird species found in the area that were identified as regionally threatened (the darter and the white-collared pratincole) requires running water habitat, and therefore is not expected to be significantly negatively affected. The loss of habitat will be compensated for through enrichment planting to regenerate forest vegetation on island land not inundated but previously logged or cleared for agriculture, as well as land along the mainland shore. The enrichment planting will be undertaken in consultation with the Forest Department. The successful management of this mitigation measure may be enhanced by gazetting the islands, and the shoreline up to 1116 m MSL, as a Central or District Forest Reserve, as discussed in Muramira's report (2000). AESNP will assist the Forest Department in gazetting the remaining islands and riverbank as a Forest Reserve, with the FD assuming responsibility for the management of the newly created forest reserve. Refer to Section 7.3.7 for mitigation measures proposed for the islands and riverbank situated within the Jinja Animal Sanctuary. 7.3.2.4 Effects on Agriculture Approximately 75%of the land within the 125 ha permanent land take is under agricultural production, as described in detail in Chapter 3 of this EIA. The land on level terrain has high agricultural productivity and agriculture practices are well developed including horticultural production for urban markets. The RCDAP sets out the detailed plan to compensate project-affected people for loss of agricultural revenue, and to ensure that those people affected by loss of land will be the same or better off after development of the project. The District Agricultural Officers (DAOs) in Jinja and Mukono are running extension services covering both banks. Of particular relevance to the Bujagali project is the erosion control program. This program will be supported by AESNP if erosion increases as a result of the hydropower facility project. AESNP proposes to provide funds for the establishment of demonstration plots to demonstrate good husbandry. AES Aile Power 319 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.3.2.5 Rehabilitation of Borrow Areas The main area where excavation and re-profiling will take place is the Buloba quarry 1o.ated on the west bank. A portion of this quarry will ultimately be submerged. The exact si:;:e of the area to be quarried is dependent on the quality of material and this will not be known Lintil excavation commences. The portion of the quarry to be submerged will be configured in such a way that, once need for quarried material has been met, the northwesterly and southeasterly corners of the quarry will be blasted in order to permit unimpeded flow of [iver water through the quarry. This will ensure that no stagnant water collects in the quarry, which could otherwise provide a breeding habitat for vectors of parasitic diseases. Thus the quarry will form part of the riverbed. The portion of the quarry that will remain above water level, i.e. will form the new riverbink, will be re-profiled such that it has a similar landscape to equivalent areas above the water line prior to construction, and blends in with the profile of undisturbed areas. Refer to the preliminary restoration plan in Appendix E.2. The Forest Department has expressed interest in having the borrow areas gazetted as a Forest Reserve, upon completion of construction of the hydropower facility. The FD is interested in re-colonising the borrow areas with species that were formerly present in the area and spe-ies which are of medicinal value locally. The most important of these species are: Bidens pilosa, Synedeniumn gratii, Vernonia an7ydagalina, Phyranthus voscheli, Bersama alba, Leongtis .spp., Phytoracca dodicandra, and Mimosa pigra. In addition, the only species found at the site that is classified as rare in Uganda, Helinus intergrifolius, would be re-introduced. The off-site sand quarries will also be rehabilitated according to specific procedures tc be developed in consultation with existing operators and/or authorities and reviewed under the Change Management procedure as outlined in Chapter 8. 7.3.3 Effects on Water 7.3.3.1 HydrologD and Hydrogeology Downstream flows during construction and reservoir filling Outside of the immediate diversion area (i.e. the vicinity of Dumbbell Island), the flow of the Nile during the construction phase will remain govemed by the operating regime of the Owen AES Nile Power 320 March, 2V01 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Falls dam. The diversion works at Bujagali are not expected to have any significant effect on river flows outside of the immediate construction area. The diversion of the west channel of the Nile River at Dumbbell Island into the east channel during the first stage of construction will result in higher water levels and increased flow velocities in the east channel. Water depth will increase by up to 6 m along the non-diverted (east) channel alongside Dumbbell Island; the 'backwater' effect is expected to extend up to about 500 m upstream. Some localised scouring and erosion, and possibly some downcutting of the riverbed, are anticipated. The effect on water quality is discussed in Section 7.3.3.2. On completion of the dam and power station, the reservoir will be filled in such a way that no more than 2.5% of the instantaneous discharge downstream of Owen Falls Dam is retained in the Bujagali reservoir. Therefore the Minimum Residual Flow (MRF) downstream of the Bujagali site will be no less than 97.5% of the flow downstream of Owen Falls. Although the reservoir could in theory be completely filled in approximately 16 hours, the ongoing checks of dam and riverbank stability will mean that the reservoir is filled slowly, and in a staged manner, over a period of at least two weeks. Thus, in practice, the discharge downstream of Bujagali at any one time is likely to be considerably more than the MRF. and changes in the discharge downstream of Bujagali are likely to be imperceptible. Reservoir level fluctuation during operation Detailed model runs of the Bujagali reservoir in conjunction with the Owen Falls power station have been carried out by Knight Piesold (1998). The daily fluctuation of the reservoir levels is expected to be in the order of 2 m at the dam face. The water level fluctuation will be less pronounced upstream of the Bujagali Falls area as the effect lessens with distance from the dam face, and the shallow water depth and constant inflow from upstream further dampen the effect. It is expected that, normally, lowest reservoir levels are likely to occur towards the end of the afternoon. The magnitude of the fluctuation will depend on the level of Lake Victoria, as shown in Table 7.4. A ES Nile Power 321 .Mfarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit, EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.4: Rate of Rise and Fall of Bujagali Reservoir Levels During Operation Lake Victoria Change in Level Rise or Fall Over Level (m) (mASL) 1132.6 2 Rise 1 hr Fall 1 hr 1133.1 2 Rise 2 hrs Fall 1 hr 1133.6 1.6 Rise 12 hrs (two phases) Fall I hr Source: Knight Pi6sold (1998). The daily water level fluctuations that already occur in the upper reaches of the Nile die to operation of the Owen Falls Extension have been modelled to be on the order of 2 m. Thus, the situation after Bujagali is not expected to differ greatly from the existing conditions and water fluctuations in the reservoir are not expected to result in a significant negative impa; t. The actual magnitude of the diurnal fluctuations will depend on the conjunctive use of Owen Falls and Bujagali power stations and the final installed generation capacities at both Owen Falls Extension and Bujagali. Changes in shoreline At full supply level, the shoreline of the reservoir will measure approximately 28 km, ar.d at extreme drawdown level, will measure approximately 36 km, compared with the present shoreline of 42.2 km. The reduction in shoreline is due to the effects of islands in the Namizi-Kikubamutwe area being completely submerged, and to upstream islands being partially submerged. Downstream flow regime during operation The flow regime downstream of Owen Falls power station has been modelled for 260 MW installed capacity (the situation since commissioning of Owen Falls Extension Phase I), based on the 1998 Lake Victoria levels (Knight Piesold, 1998). The instantaneous flow released from Owen Falls power station after completion of the extension varies significantly over the course of a day. The flows will partly depend on the final installed capacity, but the peak daily discharge will be approximately 1700 m3 /s for a total installed capacity of 300 MW. The minimum daily flow will be approximately 630 rr3/s. AES Nile Power 322 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The daily fluctuation in the river level downstream of Owen Falls is estimated to be in the order of 1.5-2 m. Following commissioning of two turbines in the Owen Falls Extension in 2000, flows downstream of Owen Falls are expected to vary as turbines are operated in response to fluctuating demand. The operation of Bujagali power station will permit the fluctuating flows from Owen Falls to be re-regulated to achieve more constant flow downstream, should this be required. An overview of the maximum and minimum daily flows for three different Lake Victoria levels is presented in Table 7.5, assuming conjunctive use of Owen Falls and Bujagali power stations. Table 7.5: Predicted Minimum and Maximum Flows Downstream of Owen Falls and Bujagali Hydropower Facilities Lake Victoria Level Avg. Dailv' Flows d/s Owen Falls (m3/s) Flows d/s Bujagali Falls (m3I/s) Flows (M3I/s) Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Low (1 132.6mAD) 600 350 1180 350 1160 Average (I 133. I mAD) 800 4 450 1600 470 1400 High (I 133.6mAD) 1050 660 1700 700 1450 Source of data: Knight Piesold (1998). Data are for three different levels in Lake Victoria, assuminig 250 MW installed capacity at Bujagali Table 7.5 shows that the daily fluctuations in flows downstream of Dumbbell Island will be similar with and without the Bujagali hydropower facility while Lake Victoria is at low to medium level. However, for high Lake Victoria levels the daily fluctuations downstream of Bujagali will range between 700 and 1450 m3/s after completion of Phase II, compared to 660 and 1700 m3/s at the Owen Falls outflow. It can be concluded that at all levels of Lake Victoria, the flow of the Nile downstream of Bujagali will be approximately the same as the flow downstream of Owen Falls. Due to its minimal storage capacity, the Bujagali hydropower facility will have negligible impacts on flows in the Nile. Groundwater levels Consultations with DWD staff have indicated that the groundwater in the immediate project area is mainly contained in lenses of weathered rock overlying unweathered bedrock (C Tindimugaya. DWD, pers. comm.). Water bearing strata are not believed to be extensive, but AES Nile Powver 323 Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chapter 7 there are significant layers of permeable material such as sand and gravel above the existing water table (Knight Piesold, 1998). Raising of water levels in the river channel, particularly between Bujagali Falls and Dumbbell Island where the increase will be greatest, will eventually cause these strata to become saturated. As the reservoir will be confined M ithin the deeply-incised river channel, and the surrounding countryside is of higher elevation than FSL, the water table will not rise above the ground surface. Therfore, no increase in thc risk of flooding from rising groundwater is expected. The higher water table could result in flooding of pit latrines. However, latrines at rist, for flooding are located within the land take area for the project. It is expected that no active latrines will be affected. 7.3.3.2 Water Qualitv Suspended solids during construction The main impact on water quality during the construction phase is anticipated to arise trom inputs of suspended matter to the river as a result of coffer dam construction and erosicn of the banks of the river channels by the higher velocity flows during diversion. Suspended matter in the river could have two main effects downstream of the site. The first is siltation in areas remote from the site, particularly in areas of shallow gradient and on the inside of bends, where flow velocity is low. This may have some impacts on navigation and fishing activity, although these are expected to be insignificant due to the high volumc of water that passes down the River Nile. Of greater concern are the potential adverse impacts of suspended matter on aquatic life downstream, and on fish species in particular. Suspended particles can clog fish gills, and at high levels cause death by suffocation, although the dose-response varies greatly amorngst fish species. Regardless, it is generally difficult to maintain a freshwater fishery in water with suspended solids concentration exceeding 80 mg/l (Alabaster & Lloyd, 1982). In general, fish species of the Nile are expected to be relatively tolerant of suspended matter as there are existing high silt loads during the wet seasons, and they are expected to demonstrate avoidance behaviour. For the purposes of this assessment, the precautioriary principle was applied, and a desk study was carried out to quantify the magnitude of my suspended solids plume downstream of the construction site. Briefly, the study looke<' at AFS Nile Power 324 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project vydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 7 three worst-case estimates for sources of sediment to the river: erosion of coffer dam facings, erosion of the river bed, and erosion of newly submerged river banks. Appendix G. I contains the details of the siltation desk study. To summarise, the results of the study showed a maximum elevation in suspended solids concentration immediately downstream of the site to be 33 mg/I. This reduces quickly to 15 mg/I at a point 7 km downstream of the site. As baseline levels are generally low, it is concluded that the in-channel suspended solids concentration would not approach the critical level of 80 mg/l. Therefore, there will be no significant impact of this suspended sediment load on aquatic species. Mitigation measures to be undertaken in ordcr to minimise increase in suspended solids include: * No digging or grubbing will be done during clearance of the reservoir. Trees in the area to be flooded will be harvested prior to inundation; and, * Site drainage systems will include sedimentation basins. Water quality downstream will be monitored visually on a daily basis, with weekly samples taken and analysed. Inputs of pollutants to the river during construction Three possible 'streams' of contaminated water from the site are identified, as follows: * Foul water, from the site sewerage system; * 'Process water' such as the excess from concrete batching, washing, etc.; and, * Surface and seepage water run-off from site. BEC have outlined proposals to treat these streams in order to achieve an effluent quality that complies with Ugandan national standards for discharge of effluent to water or land (see Section 5.3.2). The Ugandan standards are comparable to, and for some determinands more stringent than, international standards including World Bank Group guidelines. They are also more stringent than standards derived under EU Directives, which are based on the objectives for river quality, and therefore would allow a relatively high 'end of pipe' pollutant concentration at this site given its considerable dilution potential. For this reason, it is AES Nile Power 325 Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 expected that compliance with the NEMA discharge quality standards will be sufficient to ensure that there will be no significant impairment of water quality in the River Nile. There is a risk of contamination of the river and its environs by accidental spills or discharges of construction-related chemicals such as oil, diesel fuel, concrete additives or solv( nts. Provisions for secure storage of such substances, including interceptors and sumnps in ca!*.e of spillage, are outlined in Chapter 5. Provisions for pollutant spill response plans (including provision of training and equipment) are outlined in Table 7.16. BEC is committed and contractually required to implement these management measures, which will minimize the risk of a significant release of chemicals into the environment. Eutrophication of the Reservoir Eutrophication is a process by which concentrations of nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) in a body of water become elevated. This process can be natural or induced by human activities. Human activities leading to eutrophication include run-off of ferti iser applied to agricultural fields and discharge of effluent containing organic wastes such as sewage, or food processing plant waste, or phosphate-containing detergents. High concentrations of nutrients, combined with high temperatures, can result in "blooms-' of aquatic vegetation, particularly microscopic algae. In highly eutrophic waters, algal blooms can cause deoxygenation of the water resulting in fish mortality, bad odour or colour, and difficulties in treating the water for domestic and industrial supply. The risk of eutrophication for a body of water can be evaluated using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1982) model. The model is based on the total amount of phosphorus discharged in a reservoir and the retention time of the reservoir. Based on 1) an average phosphorus concentrations in the Upper Victoria Nile of 41 mg/m3 and 2) a predicted reservoir retention time of 0.7 days, the OECD model predicts a mean in-lAke phosphorus concentration of 32.5 mg/mr. This phosphorus concentration is consistent with the river's present mesotrophic status (or mid-eutrophic status), indicating no change in trophic status will arise from the modification to river flow. Therefore, there is no evidence of a shift towards a eutrophic state following completion of the hydropower facility. Thi, is largely attributable to the short retention time of the reservoir. AES Nile Power 326 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The actual risk will depend on several factors including nutrient loads from upstream and terrestrial run-off. Although there are no forecast data available for these factors, and therefore it is not possible to apply the OECD model to predict future critical nutrient concentrations, it is not anticipated that the hydropower development alone will cause the upstream nutrient load to increase. As the new NEMA effluent quality standards are now in force, discharge of nutrients into the Upper Victoria Nile should decrease from current levels. Therefore, the risk of future development making this stretch of the Victoria Nile more susceptible to eutrophication should be reduced. 7.3.3.3 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries Sections 3.3.2 and 3.4.4 describe the current status of fish spccics in the Upper Victoria Nilc and their commercial importance. The surveys carried out by FIRRI identified two macrohabitat types in the upper Victoria Nile: fast-flowing habitats and slow-flowing habitats. The fast flowing zone habitats are the section of the Upper Victoria Nile between Owen Falls and a point approximately 40 km downstream of Dumbbell Island. This section has steep slopes, a predominantly rocky shoreline and contains several rocky islands. The river bottom is also rocky with some of the outcrops resulting in rapids. The most prominent of these are the Bujagali, Busowoko, Kalagala and Itanda Falls, and the falls around Kirindi. The slower flowing zone habitats commence about 10 km upstream of Namasagali (approximately 40 km downstream of Dumbbell Island), and stretch downstream towards Lake Kyoga. In these reaches, the Upper Victoria Nile has a more uniform flow and occupies a wide valley characterized by floodplain features. The riverbanks are densely vegetated with papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) as the dominant species. There are generally fewer rocky outcrops and the river bed is mostly of mud with sandy patches. The potential impacts of the Bujagali project on fish resources in the River Nile arise through a number of indirect mechanisms, as depicted in Figure 7.4, and outlined below. Each of the potential mechanisms labelled (i) to (v) and (a) to (f) are discussed in the subsequent sections. AESANile Power 327 Mllarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 J UAGALI PROJEC| Wati r Quality o w uaHabitat D incrased s Phytoplanktde Invermebrates ( a cropeyses tr aen oley f se (f d a sid oxygen) s s ( i spawning) |Fish resourcc/r Fish biodiversity Fpigure 7.4: Mechanisms by Which Bujagali Project can Affect Fish Resources and riodiversiti (i) effects on water quality: . increased suspended sediment (and decreased transparency) downstream of the site during construction . decreased suspended sediment (and increased transparency) in the reservoir dual t-ing operation . potential for increased nutrients (eutrophication) in the reservoir due to increised retention time • potential for dissolved oxygen depletion in the reservoir due to redu3ced turbulence (ii) effects on invertebrate prey species: change in habitat availability on the basis of water depth, flow velocitv and diurn-al water level fluctuations (iii) effects on macrophyte species: change in macrophyte cover and species composition on the basis of water depth, transparency, flow velocity and diurnal water level fluctuations AES Aile Power 328 llarch, 2J01 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 (iv) effects on juvenile life stages (including prey species): * change in food availability (phytoplankton and invertebrates) * change in habitat availability on the basis of water depth, flow velocity, diurnal water level fluctuations and effects on macrophyte species * change in feeding efficiency due to changes in transparency of the water column (v) effects on feeding and spawning habitat: * changes in availability of habitat on the basis of water depth, water transparency, flow velocity and water level fluctuations lack of access to 8 km of potential feeding and spawning habitat downstream of the proposed hydropower facility The importance of each of the potential changes outlined above is assessed in Table 7.6 for the reach above (Owen Falls to Bujagali Hydropower Facility) and below Bujagali Falls during operation of the facility, and for downstream reaches during construction. In summary, the major changes that will occur during construction and operation of the hydropower facility will be increased suspended sediment concentrations downstream dunrng construction (as previously examined in Section 7.3.3.2) and changes in habitat type within the impounded reach to a habitat more representative of that currently found at Namasagali, 60 km downstrcam of the site. The Namasagali habitat has slower flow velocities than at the upstream sites, a more sandy and silty (rather than rocky) substrate, and is characterised by a higher diversity of both plant and animal (including fish) species. Table 7.6: Importance of Potential Changes on Fish Resources in the River Nile Parameter Downstream of Upstream of Bujagali Downstream of Bujagali (Operation Phase) Bujagali (Construction (Operation Phase) Phase) (i) Water Quality * Increased * Little potential for eutrophication * Slightly decreased suspended (according to OECD (1982) model). suspended solids solids (up to 15 * Slizht decrease in suspended sediment and increased mg/] above and increase in transparency (due to transparency due baseline) decreased fow velocity) - comparable to 'settlemnent to that measured at Namasagali. pond' effect in * Slight decrease in dissolved oxygen Bujagali reservoir. due to decreased turbulence AES Nile Power 329 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.6: Importance of Potential Changes on Fish Resources in the River Nile Parameter Downstream of Upstream of Bujagali Downstream opf Buijagali (Operation Phase) Bujagali (Construction (Operation Phase) Phase) (ii) Invertebrates * No change * Change in species composition to an * No change assemblage more representing that at Namasagali. * Some loss of non-mobile species due to reservoir level fluctuation. * Reduction in lake margin habitat due to reduction in shoreline and daily water level fluctuation * Reduction in species inhabiting shoreline macrophytes (including disease vectors) (iii) Macrophytes * No change * Decrease in overall habitat due to * No change reduction in total shoreline * Increase in species tolerant to water level fluctuation e.g. Vossia, Phragt7ites * Decrease in species sensitive to water level fluctuation. (iv) Juvenile fish * No change * Reduction in total habitat due to loss * No change of shoreline, but local increases in biodiversity due to creation of habitat similar to Namasagaii. (v) Adult fish * Potential minor * Change in habitat to one more * No change habitat impacts due to representing that at Namnasagali increased (slower flowing, less turbulent areas) suspended solids, e.g. reduced hunting efficiency AES Nile Power 330 March, 2d0) Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Changes in the parameters listed in (i) to (v) above may affect fish populations by a number of mechanisms as outlined on Figure 7.3, and listed below: (a) water quality effects: * fouling of gills by suspended solids . effects of lowered dissolved oxygen concentrations within reservoir due to reduced turbulence * ammonia toxicity due to eutrophication of impoundment (b) phytoplankton change in availability of a food resource for some species/life stages (c) invertebrates * change in availability of a food resource for some species/life stages (d) macroph3tes * change in availability of spawning habitat for some species * change in availability of cover from predators for smaller species/life stages (e) juvenile (prey) life stages * effects on a sensitive life stage, possibly affecting population age structure * change in availability of a food resource for larger species/life stages (f) habitat availability * effects on feeding success due to changes in feeding habitat * effects on breeding success due to changes in spawning habitat * obstruction of migration to feeding or spawning habitats FIRRI (2001) recognised five microhabitat types in the Upper Victoria Nile, and identified the main fish taxa associated with each. Table 7.7 outlines these habitat types and related fish species, and whether each microhabitat is expected to change in availability upstream or downstream of the dam. A ES .\ile Power 331 March, 2001 Bu jagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.7: Microhabitat Types And Associated Fish Species In The Upper Victoria Nile, And Predicted Changes After Construction Of The Bujagali Hydropower Facility Habitat Description Associated fish Change in Change in Species occurrence upstream occurrence of dam downstream of dam Shallow, calm embayments and 0. niloticus backwaters over generally mud M. kannume and sandy bottoms, with some R. argentea rocks Haplochromines Sub-littoral to mid-channel L. niloticus habitats in fast current over hard M. kannume bottom contained in steep slopes B altianalis Decrease No change Haplochromines Mid-channel habitats over rocky B. altianalis outcrops forming rapids B. docmnak L niloicus Decrease No change M. kannume Unifonm channels with vegetation S. afrofisheri - (papyrus, reeds, crops) S. victoriae dominated banks anid indications 0. niloticus Increase No change of flood-plain morphology M. macrocephaius L. niloticus Vegetated river margins and calm Juvenile fish shallow water occupied by 0. niloticus Decrease No change macrophyte beds L. niloticus R. argentea _ The habitat impacts, and impacts on feeding and spawning have been assessed in relation to the nine keystone species that were identified in the Upper Victoria Nile during studies carried out by FIRRI (2000a to 2000d; FIRRI, 2001: see Section 3.3.3 for summary and Appendix C.] for the complete FIRRI (2001) report). The results are discussed for (ach taxon below, and summarised in Table 7.7. Lates niloticus (Nile perch): This species has been shown to be well-adapted to both lake and river habitats. as demonstrated by the speed with which it has become the dominant species in Lakc Vicloria and the Victoria Nile since its introduction in the 1950s. Construction of the hydropower facility will not affect either its feeding or reproductive ecology, and it will remain the dominant species both above and below the impoundment. Conclusion: no significant impact upstream or downstream A4ES Vile Power 332 Mfarch, .2001 Burjagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia): This species is also well-adapted to both lake and river habitats, and is able to switch between feeding modes involving plant and animal (especially insect) material; therefore, no impact anticipated on habitat and feeding ecology. Spawning habitat may be limited in the downstream end of the reservoir due to fluctuations in water level, but will still be possible in embayments in the upstream end, where the fluctuation will be less pronounced. There will also be scope for creation of spawning habitat as a part of the quarry restoration. No impact expected on habitat, feeding or spawning downstream of the site. Conclusion: possible decrease in spawning habitat upstream of power station. No downstream impact. Mformnyrus kantnume and M. mnacrocephalus: These species use a range of bottom substrates for feeding grounds, including soft and hard bottoms. Smaller individuals prefer areas of slower water flow, such as embayrnents, and therefore, will be suited to the conditions in the new reservoir, subject to 'top down' pressure from Nile perch predation. Breeding involves upstream migration into tributaries for spawning, and appears not to have been negatively affected in the Victoria Nile by the presence of the Owen Falls dam. Individuals in the reservoir will be able to migrate into the tributaries that flow into this section of the river. Spawning individuals downstream of the reservoir will be obstructed by the dam, but will be able to migrate into tributary streams in that section of the river. Conclusion: possible negative impact on migration for spawning Synodontis spp.: These are small (rarely longer than 15 cm) species that can adapt to both lake and river conditions; therefore, no impact on habitat availability is predicted either upstream or downstream of the dam. Their omnivorous diet means that they will likely be able to adapt to any changes in food type that occur as a result of the hydropower facility, for example any increase in zooplankton biomass in the impoundment as a result of reduced flow velocities. Chironomid larvae are an important part of the diet, and these are unlikely to be affected upstream or downstream of the dam. Conclusion: No change. .4ES IVile Power 333 March, 2001 Bujagali Project H-ydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Barbus altianalis: Adults prefer fast flowing river habitats, while juveniles prefer slow flowing areas wVith marginal vegetation. Although the new reservoir will provide habitat for juveniles, it is unlikely to suit adult Barbus due to the reduction in water velocity, except in faster flowing areas around the forner Bujagali Falls and near the dam intake. Downstream habitat wil.[ not be affected. Feeding is primarily on insects and some small fish (especially haplochromin[es); therefore it will be sensitive to changes -in sedimentation pattern in the reservoir (which will affect insect habitat). During the rainy season, adults move to floodplains of rivers and streams to spawn, and this will still be possible within both the Nile river channel and tributary streams. Conclusion: negative impact on adult habitat in reservoir. No significant downstream imp,act. Bagrus docrnak: This species is suited to a variety of water flow regimes and depths, and has been recoided throughout the East African rift lakes, and the River Nile. Unlikely to be affected either upstream or downstream of the dam, but populations will continue to be limited by Nile pe rch predation. Conclusion: no significant impact upstream or downstream, Rastrineobola argentea: Juveniles of this species prefer riverbank habitats with macrophyte beds, while adults pr-fer turbulent waters with hard substrate. Without mitigation measures such as riverbank habitat creation, habitat for juveniles will decrease in the reservoir, due to the reduction of availaible shoreline as the islands within the river channel are at least partly submerged. Suitable habitat for adults will be limited to areas near the former Bujagali Falls and the intake structures of the dam. Therefore populations are likely to decrease in the reservoir, although no downstream impact is predicted. Conclusion: reduction in habitat availability within the reservoir. No downstream impact. Haplochromines: Habitat and food availability unlikely to be affected either in the reservoir or downstreanm of the site, and populations will continue to be controlled by Nile perch predation. AES Vile Power 334 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower FaciliWt EIA Chapter 7 Conclusion: no significant impact upstream or downstream. Fisheries yield of the reservoir The overall fisheries yield of the reservoir can be estimated using published empirical models. The potential natural fish yield in the reservoir has been estimated at approximately 8.1 tonnes/year (using the FAO methodology outlined in Marshall, 1984), which is a slight (3%) increase on the current estimated yield of this section of the river, using the same model. This increase is solely attributable to the increased surface area of the reservoir, and therefore, the additional habitat that it represents. The fact that the predicted increase is so slight reflects the small increase in reservoir area over the area of the existing river channel. Overall conclusions regarding fish resources and fisheries Overall, the studies have concluded that the project will result in minor changes to the balance between populations of certain fish species upstream of the dam. However, the reservoir has potential to produce a slightly higher fisheries yield than the existing river between Owen Falls and Dumbbell Island. Owen Falls dam is an existing barrier to migration. However, the FIRRI studies indicate that migratory species continue to exist in the Victoria Nilc despite the presence of the Owen Falls dam. Therefore, the fish either use the accessible parts of the Victoria Nile, or its tributaries for spawning, or they are not obligatorily migratory. For these reasons, no specific mitigation measures are proposed to address impacts on fish resources. However, a monitoring program will be implemented to confirn the accuracy of these predictions (see Chapter 8), and remedial action will be taken in consultation with private and institutional stakeholders, should this be necessary. In addition to the above provisions for improving access to fish resources, AESNP is committed to implementing additional measures to support local fisherfolk, as outlined in Chapter 23 of the RCDAP. AES,ile Power 335 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.3.3.4 Human Access to Water Access to water supplies The findings of the socio-economic surveys indicate that the majority of households in the project area collect water from the River Nile, and therefore, the river represents the most important single source of water for drinking, washing, bathing and other domestic uses. The Stage I diversion works will isolate a section of the western river channel approximately 2 km in length, which will impede access to water for residents of the west bank. During the Stage 2 diversion works, an approximate 1 km length of the eastern river channel will be isolated, thus restricting access to water for residents of the east bank. The design of the fenceline of the west bank site is such that the existing access point tc' the Nile at the northern end of Kikubamutwe, and to the existing access point immediately south of the upstream Stage I coffer dam will be maintained. BEC will provide demarcated walkways from the western site boundary to these points such that public access wil be maintained. At points where these walkways cross the site haul roads, a crossing point will be demarcated, with warning signage to alert drivers of construction vehicles to the possible presence of pedestrians, and signs warning pedestrians of road traffic. A crossing guard will be stationed to control vehicle and pedestrian movements at the crossing points. In addition to BEC maintaining access to the river, AESNP will undertake to provide water of drinking water quality to all of the 8 directly-affected villages as part of the RCDAP. During construction of the hydropower facility, villagers from Kikubamutwe, Malindi and Buloba may be hindered from accessing the Nile River. In addition, access to the Nile River from a part of Naminya village may be restricted, depending upon the final option for the quarry in that vicinity. The provision of drinking water to these three, possibly four, villages, will be a mitigation measure, rather than community development. Several options for delivering water to the 8 villages have been explored. During construction, river water will either be tankered or pumped from the Nile River up to storage tanks located in the upper part of the villages, where a bactericide treatment will be performed (chlorination or similar). rhe process of investigation and decision-making on this issue is outlined in Chapter 22 of the RCDAP. A ES Nile Power 336 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EJA Chapter 7 Access to fish landing sites Construction activities and temporary diversion works will preclude use of the Dumbbell Island area for boat landing sites during the construction period. Filling of the rcscrvoir will result in the loss of access to existing fish landing sites upstream of Dumbbell Island. To address the issue of loss of existing fish landing sites upstream of the dam, AESNP is committed to providing alternative boat launching sites that will be accessible regardless of diurnal water level fluctuations during operation of the power station. Consultation is currently underway with Fishing Associations on both banks as to the design and location of these landing sites. The proposal at the time of writing is for new landing sites at Namizi on the east bank, and Buloba and Kikubamutwe on the west bank, which will include facilities for the sale of fish to local communities. In addition to the direct mitigation of the loss of landing sites, AESNP is committed to providing support to local fishing communities. These commitments are detailed in Chapter 23 of the RCDAP. 7.3.4 Effects on Air Quality 7.3.4.1 ,4ir Emissions Measurements of airborne particulates, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide indicate that ambient air pollution levels at the site are relatively low. During construction there will be potential for deterioration in local air quality due to the generation of suspended particulates from the construction of project roads, blasting, excavation and quarrying, vehicle movements, batch plant operations, wind blow and mechanical handling. Uganda currently has no legislative air quality standards, although in 1997 NEMA produced a draft document 'Proposed Environmental Air Quality Standards for Uganda'. The proposed Uganda standard does not contain a nuisance dust criteria. For the purpose of this assessment, a dust deposition rate of 400 mg/mn2/day will be used as the nuisance threshold. This value is twice as high as that generally used in residential areas of the United Kingdom, on the basis that the project area is largely agricultural and has murram roads, and therefore has higher ambient dust levels than the UK. AESNile Power 337 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The WB/IFC has general guidelines for minimum ambient air conditions to be maintained, as measured immediately outside the project property boundary. The limits are shown below. These guidelines will be adhered to by the Bujagali project. Table 7.8: WB/IFC General Guidelines for Minimum Ambient Air Conditions Pollutant Concentration, micrograms per cubic metre (gglm3 i Particulate matter Annual arithmetic mean 50 Maximum 24 hour average 70 Nitrogen oxides Maximum 24 hour average 150 Sulfur dioxide Annual arithmetic mean 50 Maximum 24 hour average 125 Traffic-Generated Dust During construction, generation of dust along off-site access routes during importatioa of construction materials and staff travel is of concern, particularly during the dry season periods of June to August and December to February. Murram roads, such as those near the project site, can yield large amounts of airborne particulates during dry weather, and there is potential for nuisance levels to be reached at the properties adjacent to the east bank aceess road (DoE, 1995). Most of the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) movements associated with construction are wiLhin the project area. This includes the 450 movements per day during dam construction to transport rock from the quarry area to the crushing plant. Dust from Other Sources Wind-borne dust emissions depend upon wind speed and turbulence, the physical condition of the surface and the size range of the dust present. If the latter factors are constant, then there will be a threshold wind speed at which dust begins to be removed from the surface and entrained in the airflow. For example, threshold wind speeds are 3 to 6 mr/s for disturbed soils of less than 50% clay and low pebble cover, 6 to 10 m/s for bare clay soils and 20 tc 30 rmls for undisturbed sandy soils having a crust or fine gravel cover. The meteorological data reported in Chapter 3 has shown that wind speed rarely exceeds 5.6 in/s and is never above 8.2 rn/s. Thus, wind erosion is unlikely to be a significant source of dust at the site. AES Vile Power 338 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chtapter 7 Mechanical handling of construction materials such as unloading, loading and the formation of stockpiles or overburden storage mounds provides the energy required to suspend in the atmosphere a proportion of the material having an appropriate particle size range. Aggregate crushing and grading has a high potential for dust emissions unless the plant is suitably enclosed. Blasting operations release dust emissions, but these are not likely to be significant in the context of emissions from the materials handling processes. The effects of these emissions are likely to be confined to relatively small areas to the north or north-west of the sources due to the prevailing wind direction and low wind speeds. The major sources (quarry, crushing plant, batching plants and access road) are located on the south-west side of the Nile, low down in the river valley. In order for dust emissions at these points to reach nuisance levels at residences, dust will need to be transported upwards and out of the river valley, for a distance of at least 500 m. Given the prevalcnt low wind conditions, mobilisation of particulates over such a long distance is unlikely to occur. 7.3.4.2 Impacts of Dust on Aigriculture A review of published information (DoE, 1995) found few detailed studies of the effects of dust deposition on agriculture. Studies of the effects of particle deposition on vegetation have almost all addressed limestone dust from quarries, cement kilns and smelting plants. These studies however found reduced plant growth at extremely high (up to 10,900 mg/m/day) rates of dust deposition, although this was largely due to the alkaline nature of the dust, which will not be a factor at Bujagali. Although vegetation in the general vicinity of the crushing plant and the immediate vicinity of the access roads is expected to show signs of dust deposition, this is not expected to adversely affect the health or viability of crops. 7.3.4.3 Asphalt Plant The asphalt plant will be located near the river, adjacent to the rock crushing plant (Figure 5.4). The nearest occupied house will be approximately 500 in away. Over the I 8-month operating period of the plant, it will produce an estimated 20,000 tonnes of asphalt. The plant will be in use during two periods over that time, but will only operate for a few hours on the days when it is in use. The maximum daily production will be 200 tolnes. The plant is capable of producing 100 tolnes per hour. AES Nile Power 339 Afar-ch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 As previously noted in Section 5.2.5.1, the bitumen will be transported in sealed drums from the refinery in Mombasa, Kenya, to the project site. To make the material workable, it nust be heated to 130°C. This will occur at the asphalt plant within the construction site. Ir the unlikely event of any spillage, the material is incapable of any flow; thus, it is self-containing in terms of pollution control. The bitumen requirements for the asphalt core, together wil h its properties, means that a working supply can be safely stored on the site. For this reason, transport will be one or two deliveries per week. Diesel oil will be used for heating the bitumen used in the process. The plant is fitted 'Aith dust filters and discharges to the atmosphere via a 20 m high stack. The flow rate will be on average 4.2 m3/s and 8.3 m3/s as a maximum, when the plant is operating in the range of 100 to 150 OC. Typical emissions data for German plants, based on European Asphalt Pavement Associalion, Environmental Guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the production of Asphalt Mixes (Breukelen, 1994) will be followed, along with the applicable WBG guideline values (Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Construction Materials Plants, llFC, July 01, 1998) (Table 7.9 below). The draft of the Proposed Environmental Air Quality Standards for Uganda (NEMA, 1997b) sets out emission standards for certain industries. but does not make reference to asphalt plants. Table 7.9: Typical Asphalt Plant Emission Rates Compared to WBG Guidelines for Construction Materials Plants Parameter Typical Asphalt Batch Plant WBG Guiideline (mg/Nm3) Emission Rate (mg/Nm3)I Dust (Particulate Matter) 20.9 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm Oxides of sulphur 15.5 mg/Nm3 2,000 mgfNm3 Oxides of nitrogen 59.7 mg/Nm3 460 mg/Nm3 Organic compounds as carbon 43.1 mg/Nm3 Not applicable l Nm; measured at I atmosphere and 00C In all cases, the expected emission rates from the asphalt batch plant will be well belo'A the applicable WBG guidelines. The emissions of oxides of sulphur will be directly related to the sulphur content of the fuel. All fuel used by the project will be imported from, or through, Kenya. The specific fuel to be used is to be identified during further detailed project planning. BEC will re-examine the plant emission rates, and re-model for effccts on ambient air quality prior to issuing any fuel purchase contracts to ensure that the specific fuel to be AES Nile Power 340 March,; 001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 purchased will allow operation of the asphalt plant to meet WBG guidelines for emissions and for ambient air quality. The Ugandan standards and World Bank guidelines for ambient air quality that apply to the project are as follows: Table 7.10: Ugandan Standards and World Bank Guidelines for Ambient Air Quality Parameter Averaging Period Ugandan Standard WBG Guideline Dust 24 hr 300 Fug/m3 50 jig/M3 Sulphur dioxide 24 hr 400 jig/mr 125 pg/rm3 Nitrogen oxides 24 hr 190 jg/m 150 3g/m Volatile organic Not defined 6000 jig/M3 Not applicable To demonstrate the dispersion characteristics of the proposed 20 m high stack, the sulphur dioxide concentrations downwind were modelled as an illustrative example. It was assumed that the plant was on full load, the flue gas was emitted at the maximum volumetric flow rate quoted above, the temperature was l500C, and the concentration was 1O mg/m3. The US EPA model SCREEN3 was used for this purpose, as it incorporates a range of default meteorological conditions and will calculate the maximum possible downwind concentration as an hourly average. The model results showed that, given the above assumptions, the highest maximum ground level concentrations from the stack will be between 200 and 500 m downwind of the stack under unstable to neutral atmospheric conditions. The highest result was found to be at a distance of 425 m with a wind speed of 3.5 m/s, but was less than 1.9 ,ug/m3. This maximum hourly result is very low in the context of a 24-hour average ambient air quality standard of Uganda and the WBG. The meteorological data has shown that this wind speed is in the most frequent range, and will typically be associated with winds from the south to southeast. Less than half of the nearby dwellings identified above could be affected by stack emissions during these meteorological conditions. The other pollutants listed in the guidelines will give maximum ground level concentrations in proportion to their emission rates. Hence, the maximum hourly ground level concentration of oxides of nitrogen will be 7.2 jig/m3. Again this is very low in comparison to the 24-hour ambient air quality standard applicable to the project. AES Nile Power 341 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Mitigation measures for air quality impacts are focused upon reduction of airbome particulilate emissions from the site and associated vehicles. Proposed mitigation measures are as follou s: * Stockpiles of ffiable material will be grassed in order to prevent windthrow (and sedimnent run-off to the nrver during wet conditions); * During dry conditions, access roads will be wetted or treated with a biodegradable e.g. lignin-based) road sealing product to prevent dust generation; and, * Trucks containing friable material will be covered if using public highways. A maintenance program for plant and vehicles will be implemented, to ensure emissions of particulates, SO2 and NO2 are minimised. 7.3.4.4 Greenhouse Gases Recent research indicates that, in addition to emissions from construction machinery, resern oirs can emit greenhouse gases (GIIGs) as a result of decomposition of organic material cauglit in the impoundment. The World Commission on Dams (2000) report concludes that precise assessments of emissions are important in selecting climate friendly options, and particularlv if hydropower projects seek to benefit from any form of carbon credit. Although Uganda is a signatory to the 1992 Convention on Climatic Change, it does not cunrently have a system of carbon permitting or trading. Therefore a detailed budget of cal bon sources and sinks in relation to the project is not needed; however, an assessment has leen made which compares the project to a thermal generation option in terms of carbon equivalents (Failer, 1999). The results of this study, which have been published on the Bujagali website: Awww.bujagali.com and are included in Appendix G.4 of this submission, are summarlsed below. Table 7.11: Comparison of GHG Emissions from the Bujagali Hydropower Facility and an Equivalent Thermal Generation Plant Plant Source of Emission CO2 Emission (tonnes) Frequency Bujagali Hydropower Construction phase 162,900 Once Decomposition of 76,500 Once biomass in reservoir Total 239,400 Once Typical thermal plant* Construction Not quantified Once Operation 1,180,000 Per year Total 1,180,000 Per year *assumes equal proportions of coal, oil and gas are burned Source: Failer (I1999) AESIVile Power 342 Mllarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 By burning fossil fuels to generate the same amount of electricity as the Bujagali Hydropower Facility, some 1.18 million tonnes of CO2 per year would be released into the atmosphere (Table 7.8). Over a period of 50 years (a worst-case estimate of the commercial life of the Bujagali project), this would result in the emission of a total of 59.2 million tonnes of CO2. Consequently the generation of hydro-electric energy at Bujagali will result in CO2 emissions approximately 250 times less than if the same energy were to be generated by burning fossil fuels. 7.3.5 Effects on Noise Levels The World Health Organisation (1980) and WB!IFC (WBG, 1998) recommend gencralised environmental noise standards aimed at minimising the potential long-term adverse effects of noise. They conclude that general daytime outdoor noise levels of less than 55 dBLAeq are desirable in order to prevent any significant community annoyance. At night, a lower level is desirable to meet sleep criteria; depending upon local housing conditions and other factors this would be in the order of 45 dBLAeq, corresponding to an internal level of about 35 dBLAcq at the ear of the sleeper. These desirable long-term levels are reflected in the NEMA (1997c) draft standard for the Control of Noise Pollution in relation to general environmental noise and in the WBG's General Environmental Guidelines (World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, July 01, 1998). While the WBG guidelines do not provide guidelines for noise during construction, the draft Ugandan noise standards do include maximum permitted general construction noise levels for residential buildings. The recommended fa,ade noise levels are 75 dBLAeq during the day (0600-2200) and 65 dBLAeq at night (2200-0600). These limits make no reference to the duration or size of the construction project. It may be assumed that the type of building project for which these limits were developed had 'noisy' periods of typically 6 months. Applying the equal-energy principle, 75 dBLAeq for 6 months would equate to 72 dBLAeq for I year, 69 dBLAeq for 2 years, 67 dBLAeq for 3 years and 66 dBLAeq for 4 years. It is anticipated that the "noisy" major construction works at Bujagali will be completed within about 4 years, so that a daytime target limit of about 66 dBLAeq would be reasonable. The corresponding nighttime target limit would, based on the same reasoning, be about 57 dBLAeq. Consequently, BEC has undertaken to ensure that incident AIlS NileSPower 343 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 noise levels at residences do not exceed the derived standards for a four-year construction period, i.e. 66 and 57 dBLAeq for day and night respectively. Information contained in Chapters 8 and 9 of Knight Pi6sold (1998b), and the mobilisation plan and construction program provided by BEC, have been used as the basis for the construction noise predictions. Discussions have also been conducted with Knight Piesold and BEC regarding the likely numbers and type of plant and machinery to be used during the various stages of the construction. Plant and machinery schedules were ascribed to l ach activity and typical sound power levels cxtracted from British Standard 5228 or from manufacturers' data. Typical equipment includes concrete batchers, concrete pumps, poker vibrators, rock crusher, excavators, dozers, tracked loaders, dump trucks and cranes. Based on this information, typical construction noise levels, and their variations through the construction period, have been predicted at five representative locations i.n the vicinity ol the embankment works. The five sample locations are shown on Figure 3.2 and described bc] ow: A. Scattered properties in Namizi, on the east (right) bank of the river, about 830 m from the powerhouse. B. Scattered properties in Kikubamutwe, on the west (left) bank of the river, about 550 m from the powerhouse. C. Scattered properties in Malindi, on the west (left) bank of the river, about 360 m fronm the powerhouse. D. Scattered properties in Malindi, in the vicinity of the state highway and about 730 m f om the powerhouse. E. Scattered properties in Kyabirwa, on the east (right) bank of the river, about 1230 m from the powerhouse. The distances between each sample point and the centre of each activity area were then uised to predict the monthly activity levels. The overlapping activity levels were then combined1 to give the total construction noise levels for each month. The results of these calculations are shown in Table 7.9. General construction noise levels in the extreme western outskirts of Namizi (Location A) will be below 60 dBLAeq. Properties clustered around the north western end of the Kyabiiwa Falls Road (location E) will experience noise levels typically in the mid 50s dBLAeq, as will AES Nile Power 344 March, 2;901 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 those in the area of Malindi, more remote from the hydropower facility site (location D). The closest properties to the construction works, typified by locations B and C in the eastern areas of Kikubamutwe and Malindi, respectively, will have noise levels generally in the mid 50s to low 60s dBLAeq. The table shows that, in noise terms, the construction works are effectively of about 3 years duration, from months 4 to 41. In addition to the noise from these more general construction activities, there will be intermittent, generally higher, noise levels due to the operation of rock drills used to make the charge holes for rock blasting and subsequent removal of the rock. Quarrying and rock excavation may require up to about 2 or 3 blasts per day, primarily in the main quarry area on the west bank and at the southern end of Dumbbell Island. Some drilling and blasting is also likely to be needed during the excavations for the powerhouse and spillway foundations and during thc left abutment works. When the rock drills are operating, noise levels may increase to the low 60s dBLAeq at locations A and B, the mid 60s dBLAeq at locations C and E and the upper 50s dBLAeq in areas more remote from the works, such as Location D. As the drill and blasting method of rock removal is being used only as a construction tool, the size and number of charges in any one blast will be fairly limited. The noise from blasting is therefore likely to be of a comparatively low level and heard as a series of low frequency "thuds" or "rumbles" in the background. It is unlikely to achieve the maximum intermittent noise level outlined in the draft national noise standards. Blasting operations will be confined to the periods around shift change (i.e. approximately 0800 h and 1700 h). AFS Nile Power 345 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.12: Predicted Monthly LAeq Construction Noise Levels (General) Month Location A B C D E (Namizi) (Kikubamutwe) (Malindi) (Malindi-West) (Kyabirwa) 4 50 46 48 45 52 5 51 51 50 47 52 6 51 52 51 48 54 7 55 58 62 54 54 8 55 58 62 54 54 9 55 58 62 54 54 10 55 58 62 54 54 11 56 59 64 56 54 12 54 60 60 53 54 13 54 60 60 53 54 14 54 60 60 53 54 15 54 60 60 53 54 16 54 60 60 53 54 17 54 60 60 53 54 18 56 61 61 55 55 19 60 61 62 56 56 20 59 61 61 55 55 21 59 60 60 55 55 22 59 60 60 55 55 23 59 60 60 55 55 24 59 60 60 55 55 25 59 60 60 55 55 26 59 60 60 55 55 27 59 60 60 55 55 28 57 60 59 54 54 29 56 56 58 53 54 30 55 56 58 52 54 31 53 55 58 51 53 32 54 54 56 50 53 33 54 54 56 50 53 34 58 59 58 52 54 35 58 59 58 52 54 36 57 58 57 51 48 37 57 58 57 51 48 38 57 58 57 51 48 39 57 58 57 51 48 40 57 58 57 51 48 41 55 52 56 48 49 The noise impact of more localised construction activities, such as the building or upgra(ding of roads to connect the project site to the existing left and right bank roads, will depend u?on their detailed alignments and the locations of individual properties. These short-tern construction activities are unlikely to cause significant noise intrusio:l at distances of more than 50-100 metres from the point of working. These connecting roads will be used to transport persons and materials to and from the construction sites during both the construction and operational periods of the project. rhe majority of traffic to the site will be via the Jinja-Kayunga highway, which runs along the AES Nile Power 346 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 western bank of the Nile. However, there will be a limited amount of traffic accessing the site from the Jinja-Kamuli road on the east bank. Traffic noise level changes adjacent to these roads have been calculated from the existing traffic flows and the projected flows during the busiest Stage I and Stage 2 periods. Traffic noise levels adjacent to the west bank state highway are predicted to increase by no more thaan 2 dBLAeq, while those adjacent to the east bank road will increase by about 3 dBLAcq. These changes are not considered acoustically significant, as the resulting daily traffic flows will not increase a considerable amount above baseline. Mitigation and Monitoring The EPC Contractor is contractually bound not to exceed the derived construction noise standards outlined above, and is committed to compliance with these standards. Although the noise impact modelling has concluded that the general noise standard will not be exceeded, the EPC Contractor will monitor incident noise levels at locations outside the site boundary, as required by the Ugandan noise standards. If monitoring at these points indicates that the noise standard has been exceeded, the EPC Contractor will take additional measures to reduce noise emissions to acceptable levels. A change management process will be used to modify operations, as necessary, to address noise issues. These measures will include identification of the equipment of process(es) causing exceedance of the standard, and proposed abatement options, including: * Relocation of equipment; * Provision of screens, bunds. casings or temporary building to deflect or absorb noise; * Repair of faulty machinery or vehicles; and, * Changes to operating times to allow compliance with night-time standards. In addition, a complaints procedure will be put in place to identify significant nuisance noise effects. The change management process set out in Chapter 8 will be used to modify operations, as necessary, to address noise issues. 7.3.6 Effects on Access Roads and Traffic The main traffic issues are road capacity, safety of road users and structural strength of roads. AES Nile Power 347 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility E1A Chapter 7 Baseline traffic counts, measured in 1998 (Figure 7.5), were used as the base for traffic impact assessments. Assessments have been carried out for conditions when staff level, and consequently construction activity are at average levels, using the estimates of vehicle ype, origin and number previously presented in Chapter 5. As all vehicles will access the sit e via the west bank road during Stage 1 diversion, and only a few vehicles will access the sit:." via the east bank road during the Stage 2 diversion, the Stage I situation has been used a-; the basis for impact prediction. Predictions to changes in traffic patterns have been made for five locations, as follows: 1. The west bank road between Njeru and the project site; 2. The road between Njeru gyratory and 'Jinja Roundabout' (where the east bank road leaves Jinja and heads north), including the road over the crest of the Owen ]17alls Dam; 3. The road between the Jinja Roundabout and Jinja town centre; 4. The road between Jinja Roundabout and the 'Termninal Roundabout' (on the eas tern side of Jinja, heading towards Tororo); and, 5. The east bank road, between Jinja and Ivunamba. This assessment has not considered traffic impact within Jinja town centre in detail. Capacity Detailed projections of construction traffic using these roads each day, and traffic lcvels during construction, are contained in Figures 7.6 and 7.7. Figure 7.7 includes predictiorns of HGV, car, public transport, pedal cycle and motorcycle traffic. On an average construction day there will be a 72 % increase in traffic on the west bank road, but only a 1 % increase in traffic on the east bank road. A summary of the traffic forecast is included in Table 7. 10. AES Nile Power 348 March, 2001 MWRTO Terminal Roundabout P/1C . . 5n f-W;V TOTAL IIG-°V% P/C% I'IIPR % /05 Key 4 6L41 1 [ < 1 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~447 26flt 17°n 35%/| 4rn/. | Ivunamba | 907 Jinja Roundabout .A *_F4 01 ° f9% 7 JINJA r94 East bank III] PROJECT 1150 SI FE (.1 1498 5S9 32125 17% ViJn| 4R°/n 1i|4] S I2 (R 7.9.5 13O/ 40% 47%760 West bank Kikubamuw _ * Estimates ** RPOV - Ratio of pedal cycles to othcr vehicles To Kampala LEGEND Project Name: ae AC,20 00 2 Fgr . M/C - Motorcycles BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Date. MARCH, 2001 GO503_H_32 Figure 7.5 W Q g PT - Public Transport FACILITY EIA B T N U FOE.. P/C -Pedal CylsPrepared for: AJBNOLEER1 ) P/CHGV -PHeavy Goods VehicleAE NLPW 1 BASELINE TRAFFIC COUNTS (1998) 10-S-1 >< 87 v HGV - Heavy Goods Vehicle AES NILE POWER 12 HOUR MOVEMENTS: 0700 -l90 C,,s/F .v ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Nairobi/M4ombasa 1rNAIRidaot A ItLiSE-S / ItKW' .OT'OJ)I 'A I . 100 24 26 150 |vFaaisba 6 j Roundabout 6 J INJ A East bank Q 300~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 sviTV ihtVhcl rjetari ae:MRH 200 30503__4 Fgr 500 30 ~3 26 556 26 456 West bank10 lo0 KikubatnuIIi 0 100 F 17Ianpl LEGEND LV - Light Vehicle ~~~Project Name Date: MARCH, 2001 G0503 H 34 Figure 7.6 NlLE HGV - Heavy Goods Vehicle FACILITY EIA PREDICTED PROJECT pow Prepared for: TRAFFIC DURING CONSTRUCTION AES NILE POWER 12 HOUR MOVEMENTS: 0700 - 1900h Cars 'I'o Nairobi/Mombasa M/( | bi/Mom|a|a1'erminal Roundabout Py 8419 6 20%l/Z 192 3%1 4% 1__ 907 _8419 6ro 17' 33%/ 507% namba | 53 4=/ % 27% Jinja Roundabout 4-VU 1334 1r | JINJA * ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. * | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~924 |4ge,% East bank 20 2 _ \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2080 2°o % :12 PRQJECT~19815 SITE, 568 735 271366 S I'f F, 49 1 -- - 131 ,r 8419 7°.% 264 12% 1:3 2080 2% 302 26% 2760 124 (0% 23% 371 1303 72!r% 847 4-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p West bank Kikubamutwe LEGEND l'To Kampala MIC - Motorcycles PT - Public Transport Project Name: ae AC,20 00_~6 Fgr . P/C - Pedal Cycles BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER DateMARCH 2001 G0503_H_36 Figure 7.7 +.' Q HGV - Heavy Goods Vehicle FACILITY EIA _ _ TOTAL PREDICTED AND EXISTING AD oN -w,E E R -4 >RPOV - Ratio of Pedal Prepared for: sv 87 wCycles to Other Vehicles AES NIE POWER RAFFIC DURING CONSTRUCTION -~~~ __ ~~~12_HOUR MOVEMENTS: 0700 - 1SOOb Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.13: Increases in Traffic on Public Highways During Construction Phase of Bujagali Hydropower Facility Road Increase in HGV traffic over Increase in total traffic over 1998 baseline 1998 baseline 1. West Bank Road 26% 72% 2. Njeru gyratory to Jinja Roundabout 2% 7% 3. Jinja Roundabout to Jinja Town No change 14% Centre 4. Jinja Roundabout to Terminal 6% 11% Roundabout 5. East Bank Road No change 1% Thc wcst bank road is a good quality scaled road, and has relatively low traffic levels for a road of such quality. It is considered to have sufficient capacity to carry site traffic without upgrading, provided the site access road is connected to the highway in a safe manner. Njeru Gyratory, Jinja Roundabout and Jinja Terminal Roundabout have relatively high carrying capacity, and these increases in traffic flow are unlikely to be significant. Road Safety The main effects of increased traffic volumes concern the additional safety risks that all road users would be exposed to whilst competing for road space. Pedal cyclists, regarded as vulnerable road users, currently constitute a substantial proportion of traffic on the east and west bank roads (currently, there are two pedal cyclists for every three motorised vehicles on the west bank road). Traffic generated as a result of construction activity would increase the traffic on the west bank roads, nearly doubling the number of "other" vehicles when compared to pedal cycles. This shift in traffic composition increases the risk of accidents involving cyclists. Deteriorating footway surfaces, particularly during wet weather, sometimes bring about pedestrian movements on the carriageway. Clearly, if this practice were to continue, increased traffic levels, particularly on narrow sections (5 mn wide sections), means that pedestrians would be exposed to increased danger of traffic accidents. Similarly, pedestrians around settlements straddling the east and particularly the west bank roads who frequently cross the roads would be exposed to increased traffic danger. AESNilePower 355 .4Marc/t, 2001 Bujagali Project lIydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Increased traffic movements would also exacerbate safety problems associated with the current practice where passengers board and alight from public transport vehicles ('mataius') within the carriageway. All of the effects highlighted above will be magnified during night-time operation,l as construction activity is expected over two 10 hour shifts. Safety measures to be implemented include, but will not be limited to: * All drivers to undergo driving and vision tests prior to recruitment; * All drivers to receive training on the operation of their specific vehicle, and in awareness of pedestrians and cyclists; * All vehicles to be lit front and back at night; and, * Vehicle safety classes will be held in the affected villages, in particular for pedestrians and bicyclists. A public complaints procedure will be developed as part of the Traffic Management PlaI to be implemented by the EPC Contractor, which will require documentation and revievw of complaints, and a transparent decision-making process for modification of tn ffic management provisions. Structural Strength of Roads The increased heavy goods vehicle traffic on the west bank road will contribute to the rate of structural deterioration. The transportation of abnormal loads will further contribute to thiS. Two processes are proposed for assuring that there is no net adverse effect on the structulral integrity of roads from movement of construction-related traffic. 1. BEC will catalogue the state of all public highways to be used, prior to commencement of construction, including photographs. BEC will be responsible for making good any damage attributable to construction traffic, in a timely manner so as not to endanger members of the general public using the road. 2. Prior to transporting of abnormal loads (up to 300 tonnes), BEC will, in collaboration with the relevant local or national authorities in Uganda or Kenya, make inspections of all road structures such as bridges and culverts. BEC wil be AES Nile Power 356 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 responsible for carrying out any strengthening works necessary for safe transport of the load without endangering the integrity of the structure. 7.3.7 Effects on Managed, Natural, and Protected Areas 7.3.7.1 Jinja Animal Sanctuary Issue The location and characteristics of the Jinja Animal Sanctuary are described in Section 3.3.3. As stated previously, the sanctuary is considered to have several bird species, reptiles and insects. The last hippopotamus in this section of the river was killed a few years ago (Director, Field Operations, Wildlife Authority, pers. Comm. 2001). When the reservoir is at full supply level, all land up to 1111.5 m MSL will be flooded. Within the animal sanctuary, approximately 15.8 ha of the islands out of a total of 26.8 ha (59%) will be inundated, as well as 12.8 ha of riverbank. AESNP will obtain title for the area within the Setting Out Points (as shown in Figure 4.6), which includes all inundated land (up to 1111.5 m MSL) as well as 5 m above the maximum perceivable high water level, i.e., 1116 m MSL. AESNP will obtain a 5-year leasehold title for the area demarcated by the SoP boundary on both banks. Once construction is completed, title to the temporary land take (total of 45 ha, none of which falls within the Jinja Animal Sanctuary) will pass to ULC. The permanent land take (of which 11 ha falls within the animal sanctuary, consisting wholly of islands) will be leased to AESNP for the 30-year term of its contract. Inundated land (of which 28.6 ha falls within the sanctuary) will be deemed to be held in trust by ULC. Mitigation Mitigation measures that will be undertaken within the Jinja Animal Sanctuary include: * Enhancement planting will be undertaken on the residual islands. Preference will be given to planting a variety of indigenous tree species, including: Maesopsis eminii, Markhamia lutea, Melicia excelsa, Antiaris toxicaria, Ficus spp., Funtumia elastica, Terminalia spp., Celtis spp. and A Ibizia spp. ALES Nile Power 357 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * The Forest Department has expressed interest in having the residual islands gazetted nto, or added to, a central or district forest reserve, together with area that will be planted iiear Dumbbell Island and in the 100 metre protected zone along the banks of the River Nill. , to mitigate for land lost to permanent and temporary land take (Muramira, 2000). However, final use of the land is dependent upon ULC. Further discussions will be held with I JLC and the Forest Department regarding area(s) to be planted and possible gazettemerit of afforested areas as a forest reserve. Based on cost estimates from the 1998-99 aniiual work programme for the Mabira Forest Management Plan, enrichment planting and tending costs are Ush 313,620/ha ($US 190/ha). 7.3.7.2 Other Areas Mabira Central Forest Reserve is a managed area that would be impacted by segments O1 the transmission system associated with the Bujagali hydropower facility (see accompanriJng Transmission System EIS for details). As discussed in Section 7.3.7.1 above. Jinja Animal Sanctuary is a managed area that would be impacted by the hydropower facility. In response to the World Bank's initiative to the Government of Uganda that the Kalagala Falls Central Forest Reserve area might be appropriate for consideration in establishing and maintaininpy an ecologically similar protected area to offset the impact on Mabira CFR and Jinja Animal Sanctuary, AESNP commissioned a survey of Kalagala Falls CFR, including its legal history and present vegetative cover (Chemusto, 2000; Appendix D.4 to the Transmission Line EIS that accompanies this EIA). The management of this reserve is addressed in the Fcrest Management Plan for Mabira Forest Reserve (including Mabira, ANamakupa, Nad agi, Kalagala Falls, Namawanyi and Namananga Forests), Second Edition, for the Period 15 July 1997 to 3Oih June 2007 (Forest Department, undated). Kalagala Falls CFR is contiguous with (though across thc River Nile from) the Nile Bank CFR and was originally treated as one reserve. The reserve was divided for administrative purposes since the reserve falls within two districts. In line with the World Bank Group initiative, and as discussed in the Transmission Line EIS that accompanies this EIA, AESNP has agreed in principle to assist in the future eco-tour ism development being considered by the Forest Department for the Kalagala Forest Res.-rve (Chemusto, 2000). The details of AESNP's involvement are the subject of ongoing AES Nile Power 358 March, .2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 discussions with the Forest Department, which is currently waiting on consultants to provide a site plan as a basis for developing a way forward. 7.3.8 Tourism and Recreational Activities and Experiences Development of the Bujagali hydropower complex has the potential to affect a number of tourism, eco-tourism and recreational activities and their associated experiences. These include: * Whitewater rafting; * Eco-tourism and general tourism; * Aesthetics, and, * Ecologically Protected Areas. They are addressed in turn, below. 7.3.8.] Whitewater Rafting Issue: Development of the Bujagali hydropower facility will result in the inundation of Bujagali Falls and preclude whitewater rafting (WWR) on Bujagali Falls and on the rapids upstream of Dumbbell Island. In recent years, two companies have operated WWR excursions at Bujagali: Adrift and Nile River Explorers (NRE). Both initiated their Victoria Nile operations in 1996/1997 at a time when it was general knowledge that the Bujagali area was a potential site for hydropower development (Duncan Garrick International, 1998). Whitewater rafting operations at Bujagali are regarded, in business terms, as relatively non-capital intensive, 'high yield' per unit of sales, and relatively 'high profit' in terns of generated cash earnings. For business profiles of these companies, refer to section 3.4.5. The Duncan Garrick study (1998) estimated that the total number of whitewater rafters in Uganda was in the range of 7000-8000 per annum. The total gross direct value of whitewater rafting was estimated to be in the range of US $600-650,000 at 1997/98 prices. A total of some 80+ direct local jobs were estimated to have been created by the two companies, as well. The Garrick study cautioned that the rapid growth in whitewater rafting numbers experienced since the introduction of the sport into Uganda would not necessarily continue AES NilePower 359 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 into the future. Under the circumstances current at the time of the study, the whiteA ater rafting companies felt it was unlikely that white water rafting ventures elsewhere than Bujagali, in Uganda, would be commercially viable. The principal negative economic impact of the Bujagali hydropower facility in the tourism sector will be on these two WWR companies. Adrift estimated its loss in gross revenue t:) be in the order of US$400,000 per annum and NRE estimated their gross revenue loss to be USS230,000 per annuum (Duncan Garrick International Ltd., 1998). In the short term, this is likely to result in a fall in ovemight tourist stays in Uganda and consequential loss of tourist revenues, as well. As shown on Figure 3.7, Bujagali Falls and the rapids upstream from Dumbbell Island fOrm part of Adrift's (and NRE's) current half-day WWR trip. Due to their proximity to one another, the rapids in this stretch of the river provide a continuous, thrilling WWFR experience. WWR in this location will not be possible after the construction of the Bujagali hydropower facility, as this area will be in the project's proposed reservoir. However, 3 oi the 4 class five rapids on the upper reaches of the Victoria Nile will not be affected by the Bujagali project as they are downstream of the proposed dam. Adrift and NRE could continue to offer half- or full-day WWR experiences on these rapids and, in fact, acknowledge this in their current promotional material (see Adrift's pamphlet in Figure ".7). Section 3.4.5 provides more detail on the classification of the rapids of the upper reache; of the Victoria Nile. Mitigation measures for the WWR impacts of the Bujagali project are discussed in Sec:ion 7.3.8.5 below. 7.3.8.2 Eco- and General Tourism According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1998), the fastest growing sector of tourism in the world is nature-based tourism. Tourists from the more developed parts of the world are increasingly seeking undisturbed, natural tourism destinations and experiences. NEMA (1996) considers tourism to be one of the leading sources of foreign exchange in Uganda. According to the Duncan Garrick study (1998), the Government of Uganda tourism policy is one of product and market diversification, in which eco-tourism is prioritised (including whitewater rafting). The Uganda Tourist Board has also provided acdive A ES Nile Power 360 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 assistance and support for the development and operation of white water rafting in Uganda. Interviews with the then-Minister of Tourism, Trade and Industry and the Regional District Commissioner indicated that the Province of Jinja and Government of Uganda fully appreciate the value and positive impacts of white water rafting, but also recognise the essential need for increased, reliable power generation capability in the country. The "source of the Nile", area (including Bujagali Falls), Murchison Falls National Park and the western mountains in Uganda are considered the major centres for eco-tourism in Uganda (Aulo, 1999). Aulo, a Senior Tourist Officer in Uganda. expressed some concem over the potential loss of tourism investment and tourism diversification in Uganda resulting from hydropower development on the Nile. Once again, the need for balancing -- and optimizing -- the development options for the River Nile in both the regional and national context is evident. A more detailed description of the existing tourism conditions in the vicinity of the Bujagali project is provided in section 3.4.5 of this report. Issue. In addition to the whitewater rafting impacts summarized in the previous section, the construction of the Bujagali hydropower facility and its associated reservoir will affect present-day tourist sites and activities, including: * Bujagali Falls Picnic Site: located on the east bank of the Nile overlooking Bujagali Falls (refer to Figure 3.6). The primary purpose for people to come here presently is to see the falls. A portion of the site will be submerged and the falls will no longer be visible. With the rise in water level by the formnation of the new reservoir, the site could be used as an access point for recreational activities on the reservoir. * Nile River Resort: constructed by TRMP/MADA Holdings (U) Ltd, a Kenyan- and Jinja- based group (refer to Figure 3.6). This high quality hotel is located close to Bujagali Falls, on the east bank, with views of Owen Falls and Owen Falls Extension Project to the south and of open countryside to the north. The site is undertood to have been selected with full knowledge of the proposed Bujagali hydropower facility. The anticipated rise in water level by the formation of the new reservoir will potentially add to the attractiveness of the site and buildings and to the visitors' water-based activities. AES Nile Power 361 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * Kyabiriva Nature Resort: located to the north of Bujagali Falls on the east bank,, with views to Bujagali Falls to the south and open countryside to the north (refer to Figure 3.6). The site was acquired privately in 1997/8 for tourism and recreation activities and was selected in the full knowledge of the intended Bujagali Project (Duncan Garick International Ltd., 1998). Part of this site will be inundated by the project reservoir, but no tourist facilities have presently been constructed. * Commissions Paid to Overland Tour Operators and Drivers: currently, these operators benefit significantly from commissions paid to them by WWR companies. Such operators are generally European, North America and Australia-based and operate adventure and overland tours in which WWR is one component of the itinerary. Frequently, these are 'East Africa tours' including Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and other countries. WWI' is normally sold as an optional excursion/activity and is thus commissionable at 10 per ::ent commission. It is not clear at the time of writing of this ETA whether these operators will continue to market VWWR on their itineraries following the contruction of the Bujagali hydropower facility. * Birdwatching in the Area: Some breeding bird habitats in the project area would be inundated and may result in the migration of certain species, potentially affec:ing birdwatching activities. However, the new reservoir is expected to attract other species of water birds, possibly enhancing the birdwatching potential of the area. * Other Identified Areas of Potential Impact: Jinja hotels, hostels, camnpsites and local businesses were briefly visited and owners interviewed to determine the potential impact of the Bujagali hydropower facility. It was found that WWR clients generally prefer to stay in hostel accommodation, revenues for which would be negatively impacted by the Bujagali hydropower facility (Duncan Garrick International Ltd., 1998). Hotels and local businesses, on the other hand, are not likely to be significantly impacted. The propcsed tourism mitigation measures, presented in section 7.3.7.4, may enhance the attractiveness of Bujagali and Jinja for a variety of recreational uses, leading to increases in visitor numbers, length of stay and overall expenditures by visitors. Tables 7.14 and 7.15 summarise the impacts of the Bujagali hydropower facility in the tourism sector, including the effects on the whitewater rafting companies presented in the previous section. A ES Nile Power 362 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.14: Summary of Bujagali Project's Impacts in the Tourism Sector Significant Impacts Positive or Temporary or Avoidable or Serious or (Stakeholder/Affected Groups) Negative Permanent Inevitable Minor 1. White Water Rafting Negative Permanent* Inevitable Serious* Companics: Adrift/Nile River Explorers 2. WWR - Local Employees Negative Temporary* Inevitable Serious* 3. Bujagali River Bank Site Negative Temporary Inevitable Minor (Operator: Mr Raj Shah) 4. Recreational users of river Neutral Permanent Inevitable Minor (public) 5. MADA Hotel Construction Positive Permanent Inevitable Neutral 6. Kyabirwa 'Nature Resort' Positive Permanent Inevitable 7. Jinja hostels, campsites, local Negative Temporary Inevitable Minor businesses 8. Jinja Hotels Neutral Neutral Neutral Neutral 9. Kampala hostels, hotels Negative Temporary Inevitable Minor 10. Overland Tour Operators and Negative Temporary Inevitable Minor Drivers *If the companies choose to cease operations Source: Duncan Garrick Intemnational, 1998 Table 7.15: Economic Implications of Bujagali Project's Tourism Sector Impacts Stakeholder/Affected Groups Significant Impacts Estimated Financial Impact Comments Positive/Negative - US$ 1. White Water Rafting Loss of 'main sell' , high profile, Negative Companies: Adrift/Nile Rivcr day trip product .4drift Explorers Potential Lost Revenue Stream: US$80,000 p.a. ANile River Explorers Potential Lost Revenue Stream: US$45,000 p.a. 2. WWR - Local Employees Loss of earnings (higher than Negative national average); truck operator Net Loss US$50-75,000 p.a. and drivers 3. Bujagali Falls Picnic Sitc Loss of income from Adrift White Negativc (Operator: Mr Raj Shah) Water Rafting company (10 per Potential Lost Revenue Stream: cent of sales) US$30,000 No loss of public access 4. Recreational users of river None Neutral 5. MADA Hotel Construction Plans and construction envisaged Positive Bujagali project. Rise in water levels will potentially benefit hotel property by bringing water level closer to hotel buildings. Vista will be altered but not negatively. 6. Kyabirwa 'Nature Resort' No current construction (site Positive only). .4ESlVile Power 363 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.15: Economic Implications of Bujagali Project's Tourism Sector Impacts Stakeholder/Affected Groups Significant Impacts Estimated Financial Impact Comments PositivelNegative - US$ 7. Jinja hostels, campsites, local Hostels and campsites main Minor businesses beneficiaries of tourist overniglhts 'Explorers Backpackers Hostel to for white water rafting. Main loser close anyway. @ US$5 pcr per on 'Explorers Backpackers Hostel' per night, net current revenues estimated arch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilify EIA Chapter 7 * Tourism: to help build local capacity amongst the local tourism operators by proacti vely setting up a Jinja Tourism Development Association (JITDA). The objective of the JITDA is to build upon the area's existing facilities and attractions and to amalgamate the presently somewhat fragmented industry into one that it is sustainable. The Association was formed in 2000 with members from several tourism sectors, including: hotels, lodges, restaurants, bars, tourism training institutions, communications, tour and travel companies, adventure activities, nature watch, craft centers, artists and transport. In addition, the Resident District Commissioner, the Mayor of Jinja District, the Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry, the Jinja Municipal Council and the Community Administrative Officer are actively supporting the JITDA. A Constitution has been prepared, a Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics is under preparation, and discussions are underway regarding appointing a Board of Trustees. * Cultural centre: a cultural centre will be constructed either within the Bujagali picnic site or on the islands at the site that will not be inundated. The cultural kiosk will provide information regarding the cultural history, beliefs, religions, practices, properties and heritage trails that exist both in the local area and throughout Uganda. Books, crafts and postcards/ pictures will also be available. Information on the peoples of Uganda, traditional dances, dress, living styles and traditional foods will all be available. Guides will be available to conduct tours of the area. As an extension to the above, an African- style village with craft shops and restaurant is being considered with bridges linking the islands. * Visitors Centre: A hydro visitors centre will also be constructed at the site. The ceaitre will run tours of the facility, provide information on the history and method of construction along with demonstrations of how electricity is produced at the site. * Launching Facilities for lhite Water Rafting: Two raft launching facilities for W'VR will be provided downstream of the dam. The location of these launch sites will be agreed upon by the WWR operators and AESNP within 1 month of financial close. The launch sites will be constructed prior to Phase II of construction. The estimated budget for the above proposals is USD 170,000. Implementation of the JIT DA is currently underway. The cultural centre is a 4-year long programme, including produc ing and gathering all relevant information, and culminating in the centre's construction after the AES Nile Power 366 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 reservoir is inundated. The visitors centre will be constructed after commercial operation of the facility starts. AESNP has agreed in principle to continuing discussions with the Forest Department and the World Bank Group, as appropnrate, on its role in the future management of the Kalagala Central Forest Reserve and/or any other ecologically similar protected area proposals that may proceed with respect to the natural habitats converted as a result of the development of the Bujagali project. 7.3.9 Effects on Cultural Property The construction of the Bujagali dam, and especially its resultant reservoir, will affect people's individual cultural properties as well as culturally significant aspects at the community level. The World Bank's and IFC's general policy regarding cultural properties, as stated in Safeguard Policy Operational Policy Note 11.03 (while the World Bank Operational Policy 4.11 is under preparation, the provisions of OPN 11.03 are to be used as a guide), is to assist in their preservation and to seek to avoid their elimination. More specifically, the World Bank Group declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non-replicable cultural property and will only finance those projects that are sited or designed in a manner that avoids damage to cultural property. The Bank will also assist in the protection and enhancement of cultural properties encountered, rather than leaving that to chance. The Safeguard Policy states that, in some cases, the project is best relocated in order that cultural sites and structures can be preserved, studied and restored in situ. In other cases, structures can be relocated, preserved, studied and restored on alternate sites. Deviations from this policy may be justified only where the expected project benefits are great and the loss of, or damage to, cultural property is judged by competent authorities to be unavoidable, minor or otherwise acceptable. In terms of procedures, the World Bank Group also realises that the management of cultural property is the responsibility of the relevant country's govemment. AESNP is committed to ensuring that the Bujagali hydropower facility's impacts to cultural property are dealt with satisfactorily in the context of the above policy. The Cultural Property AES ANile Power 367 Marchi, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Management Plan (within the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plar.) of this EIA provides details on: * the work that has been undertaken in terms of surveys and studies of cultural property; * the consultations held; * the AESNP approach to the issue; and, * detailed proposals for the management of cultural property. During the baseline EIA studies in 1998, consultations were held with the Ministry of Culture (both in Kampala and Jinja) and with cultural leaders in the project area to assess the likely impact of the project on culture, and, in particular, on traditional beliefs and practice<. In addition, during the preliminary baseline socio-economic survey (WS Atkins, 1998), individual households were asked for their views on cultural sites (graves and shrinles), especially with respect to the Bujagali Falls site. The results of these consultations indicated that the community did not perceive the potential impact of the project on traditional culture to be of over-riding significance and that impacts could be mitigated without difficult) by carrying out certain traditional ceremonies. Cultural leaders have reiterated this viev, in subsequent consultations, and most notably at the Public Hearing in August 1999. Locally affected people have consistently expressed their support for the project, subject to necessary ceremonies being carried out. Within the Cultural Property Management Plan, the culture and traditional religion(s) of the Bujagali area, and the effect the project might have on them, has been addressed at three levels: * The individual or household; * TFhe local community; and, * The wider (national and international) community. At the individual household level, the cultural property issue relates primarily to family graves and amasabo (loosely translated as "shrines"). Generally, there is no objection to moving either graves or amnasabo, as this has been done in the past as people moved into, mnd out of, the area. It is necessary to conduct certain ceremonies, possibly at both the current sites and the sites to which the cultural properties are being transferred. Households will be AESNile Power 368 March, 2901 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 offered compensation as per Ugandan law using applicable rates for the cost of graves. In addition, as an uplift, AESNP will pay compensation for the performance of transfer ceremonies. The preliminary baseline socio-economic survey indicated that 54 plots contained ancestral sites (amasabo). However, not all the owners requested that the asamabo be relocated. Extensive studies have been undertaken at the local community level to obtain a detailed understanding of the workings of the spirit world and to identify features of spiritual importance within the area. It is generally agreed that it is possible to move the dwelling places of spirits, as long as the necessary transfer and settlement rituals are carried out. Detailed proposals for this are set out in section 7.3.9.2 and in Chapter 18 of the RCDAP. Further information on specific ceremonies will be forthcoming as the implementation process proceeds. Mitigation and compensation measures for cultural property at the household and community levels, described in more detail in section 7.3.9.1 of this EIA and in the Cultural Property Management Plan (Part II of the RCDAP), will be done in accordance with normal practice in Uganda, the recommendations of specialists and in agreement with the affected spiritual entities. The methodology that has been used in the various surveys and studies and the extensive consultations that have been undertaken have ensured that the proposals for mitigation have emanated directly from the affected persons themselves. The cultural loss of Bujagali Falls is discussed in detail in Section 7.3.9.3. AESNP will prepare a Code of Practices that will guide all persons involved in the construction and implementation of the project, on customs and traditions to be respected. Refer to Chapter 18 of the RCDAP for details. Prior to construction, AESNP and BEC will undertake transect walks on the site with cultural representatives and specialists, in order to map and tag all cultural property. 7.3.9.1 Measures for Compensation for Loss of Individual Graves and Shrines Compensation will be paid to allow graves to be relocated in accordance with normal practice in Uganda. Households will be offered compensation as per Ugandan law, using applicable rates for the cost of graves. In addition, as an AESNP uplift, compensation will be paid for AES Nile Power 369 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 performance of appropriate transfer ceremonies. This will be agreed through negotiation in accordance with the procedures and programme set out in the RCDAP. Amasabo will be compensated at rates for non-permanent structures in accordance with the rates set in the RCDAP, which cover materials and labour. Refer to Chapter 7 of the RCDAP for details. Many graves may have been destroyed by cultivation within the area or are no longer marked in any way. As a further mitigation measure, AESNP proposes an inter-denominatiMnal remembrance service to be carried out in the project area to commemorate all those buried in the area in the past. A structure or monument will be erected, either at the site of the remembrance service or elsewhere, in accordance with the wishes expressed by the local communities. 7.3.9.2 Measures for Appeasement and Resettlemnent of Spirits at the Community Level It has been established that the dwelling places of a number of spirits will require reloca:ion either before construction commences or before the reservoir area is inundated. The contractor will not mobilise on-site until all affected sites have been accurately mapped and no site can be destroyed or damaged until the necessary ceremonies and rituals have lteen carried out. The following steps will be taken (additional details are provided in Chaptei 16 of the CDAP): * Local consultants will be appointed to manage the entire cultural mitigation programme, in association with AESNP; * Village committees will be set up to oversee the process; * Committees will then meet to determine the number of spiritual sites / dwelling places to be relocated, what has to be done in terms of ceremonies, who should conduct the ceremonies, when they will be carried out, what will be required in terms of physical items ind approximate costs of these items; and, * Transfer rituals will then be carried out followed by settlement rituals for each spiritual site. It is important to note that the spirit may identify the person to locate the new dwelling place or may make other requests / directions. The process is in the hands of the spirits, rather than AESNP or the spirit mcdiums, and some flexibility may therefore be needed in the desigr of AES Nile Power 370 March, 2101 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 mitigation measures and the programme for carrying them out. Final details cannot therefore be provided at this stage, but will be available as the implementation process proceeds. During the focus group meetings, a large number of instances were cited (Synergy, 2000) of unfortunate and undesirable happenings as a result of the spirits being upset by certain forms of behaviour. It is therefore proposed that a code of practice be prepared which gives guidance and advice to all persons involved in the construction and implementation of the Bujagali project on spiritual customs and traditions to be respected. Advice will relate mainly to the following: * Visiting / bathing in the river; * Removing vegetation; * Preparing and consuming food; * Respecting local shrines; and, * Sexual behaviour and other forms of personal behaviour. The Code of Practice will be prepared in draft by local specialist consultants. The draft will then be discussed with village committees before being finalised, prior to any construction work commencing. The EPC contractor will carry out cultural awareness training for all employees frorn outside the project area who are unfamiliar with local conditions. The Code of Practice will be used during training sessions. 7.3.9.3 Cultural Loss of Bujagali Falls At the wider community level, AESNP acknowledges that the Bujagali rapids will be inundated and that this is an unavoidable impact of the hydropower facility. However, it is considered by the parties directly involved with the spiritual value of the site - namely Nabamba Bujagali, Lubaale Nfuudu, the Leader of the Ntembe Clan, and the Kyabazinga of Busoga - that the issue is a local one and the impact is manageable. These parties have given their consistent support to the project, as long as the necessary ceremonies are performed to ensure the spirits are satisfied. Additional details are provided in Chapter 16 of the Cultural Property Management Plan, which forrns part of the RCDAP. Furthermore, the preliminary baseline socio-economic survey revealed that the spiritual value of Bujagali Falls is not an AESNile Power 371 Aarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 issue of over-riding significance to the vast majority (83%) of the local community. The Ministry of Culture at the national level has also taken this position and supported the proiect. In recognition of the potential for cumulative impacts on cultural property in the upper reaches of the Nile, as well as the potential impacts of the Bujagall project on managed and protected areas, the World Bank Group initiated discussions with the Government of Uganda on the status of Kalagala Falls. The potential for cumulative impacts on cultural property arises from: the historical loss of Ripon Falls in the 1950s during construction of the Owen Falls dam; the currently contemplated loss of Bujagali Falls when the Bujagali hydropower project is constructed; and, possible future losses should a Kalagala Falls site be developed for hydropower production in the future AESNP has responded to the concerns raised by the WBG in two ways. First, AESNP commissioned a survey of Kalagala Falls Central Forest Reserve (CFR), including its legal history and present vegetative cover (Chemusto, 2000; Appendix D.4 to the Transmission Line EIS that accompanies this EIA. (Among other things, the review determined that Kalagala Falls CFR is contiguous with, though across the River Nile, from the Nile ELank CFR, which together were originally treated as one reserve. The reserve was divided into its current state for administrative purposes, since the reserve falls within two separate districts). In order to address the World Bank Group's issues with respect to both the Cultural Property and Natural Habitats Policies, it may be necessary to amalgamate the Kalagala and Nile Bank CFRs and upgrade their protective status, perhaps to that of a national park oi its administrative equivalent, from the current Forest Reserve classification. Upgrading ol the Kalagala Falls area in this way could result in it becoming a focus for future eco-tourism development that would both preserve one set of falls in this region and provide ongoing economic benefits to both the country and region over the long tern. Secondly, consistent with the WBG initiative and as discussed in the Transmission Line EIS that accompanies this EIA, AESNP has agreed in principle to assist in the future eco-toulrism development being considered by the Forest Department for the Kalagala Central Forest Reserve (Chemusto, 2000). The details of AESNP's involvement are the subject of ongoing discussions with the Forest Department which is currently waiting on consultants to provide a site plan as a basis for developing a way forward. AES Nile Power 372 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility ElA Chapter 7 As noted above, while World Bank policy recognises that management of cultural properties is the responsibility of national governments, the Bank's general policy is to assist in their preservation and seek to avoid their elimination. 7.3.9.4 Measuires for Addressing Chance Archaeological Finds Prior to construction commencing, an archaeologist will inspect the proposed hydropower facility site and borrow areas. If any sand deposits are utilised outside the project area (possible sites to be developed are shown in Figure 5.8), these sites will also be inspected pnor to work commencing on them. BEC will seek the advice of the Department of Antiquities as to the type of relics that might be found in the area. A protocol will be developed with the Department of Antiquities to address how the discovery of an archaeological remain is to be handled. Construction workers and staff will also receive training on how to recognise an archaeological remain, and the procedure to be followed in the event of a discovery being made. This training will be part of the orientation that new employees and staff receive. It will be the responsibility of the Site Environmental Officer (SEO) and the Environmental Manager to report any relevant finds to the Department of Antiquities. The Department of Antiquities will advise on measures to be taken to ensure preservation of the finds. 7.3.10 Communicable and Infectious Diseases This section examines concerns for public health related to HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), vector-borne diseases, actions to be taken in the event of an Ebola outbreak and impacts on available health care facilities in the project area and Jinja town. Health and safety issues related to traffic are dealt with in Section 7.3.5 and Chapter 8 of this report. 7.3.10.1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases The spread of HIV/AIDS was identified as a key public health issue in the First Report of the International Environmental and Social Panel of Experts (February 25, 1998) (www.bujagali.com). Concern was expressed that the already high prevalence of HIV found in Uganda could be exacerbated through spread of the disease by construction workers, truck drivers and prostitutes attracted to worker camps. AES Nile Power 373 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagafi Project Hydropower Faciliyt EIA Chapter 7 AESNP and BEC are committed to measures that will reduce the risk of an increase in STDs!HIV/AIDS as a result of the project. For this reason, the following human resoirce management policies have been adopted. * No construction camp will be erected at the project site. * Unskilled workers (labourers) will be recruited, as available, from the local population and particularly from the villages affected by the project. Therefore these workers will remain resident in their homes, which will reduce the need for accommodation for single male unskilled workers. BEC will operate busses from Jinja, and along the east and wvest banks to the construction site at every shift change, which will transport labourers between their home villages and the site. * Skilled expatriate workers (European expatriates and third-country nationals, approximately 400 in number) will be housed at the existing camp in Jinja that was previously used for workers on the Owen Falls Extension Project. This camp contains accommodation for both single status and married workers with their fami ies. Integration of this worker population within the wider Jinja community will reduce the risk of the camp becoming a focus for sex worker activity. * An STD/HIV/AIDS awareness program will be incorporated into the training package for all workers. Health education will be done in coordination with the District I-lealth Units. * A program designed specifically for promoting safe sex for the construction workforce wil] be developed. * Condoms will be made available to workers if wanted, via the site clinic. The policies outlined above are intended to minimise the risk of an increase in STDs as a result of the project. Additional measures intended to supplement health facilities in the area are outlined in the RCDAP. 7.3.10.2 Vector-bornze Diseases Impoundments in narrow, steep-sided valleys, such as at Bujagali, create significantly fewer vector breeding sites when compared with impoundments with extensive, shallow shorelines. Due to the inundation of islands near Bujagali, there will be (at FSL) a 34% reduction in the length of shoreline available for vector habitat, as outlined in Section 7.3.3.1. In addition, daily fluctuations of water level will strand vectors, including mosquito larvae and snails, and AES ANile Power 374 Mar-ch, 2TJ I Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 expose both the vectors (adults and egg masses) and potential breeding sites to the drying effects of the sun. These factors all mitigate against significant increases in vector breeding success. More specific comments on the effects of the project on individual disease vectors are given below. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) In general, the snail vectors of schistosomiasis (Bionmphalaria and Bulinus spp.) are only able to establish themselves in flow rates below about 0.4 m/s. There is a risk of more snails being introduced into the impoundment. either carried on the current or more likely on mats of water hyacinth or Pistia. Mats of water hyacinth are most likely to occur in slack water areas along the banks and on the downstream sides of the remaining islands. Biomphalaria sudanica and B. pfeifferi can become established in areas where there is marginal vegetation. A potential effect of the project is increased establishment of such vegetation due to slowing of river flows upstream of the dam. However, the fluctuation in water level arising from operation of the hydropower plant will make it difficult for such vegetation to become established in any greater density than currently exists, and will represent a controlling factor for vector populations. Clearance of trees and shrubs from the reservoir area before inundation will remove potential anchorages for weed mats and thus potential breeding sites for snails. A regular program will be instituted to monitor the possible development of snail colonies along the banks of the impoundment, particular attention being given to those areas where there are comparative shallows and backwater, wherever there are colonies of water hyacinth or Nile cabbage, and where there is likely to be human contact with water. Where necessary, floating vegetation will be eradicated by manual removal and disposal to land (e.g. as fertilizer), as is currently carried out at Owen Falls dam. The channel between Dumbbell Island and the east bank will be closed by the eastern section of the dam, and as the main flow descends through the west channel, will become a backwater immediately downstream of the dam. Unless mitigation measures are carried out, this will provide an ideal site for the aggregation of floating vegetation and quite probably infestation by snails. AES Nile Poover 375 Milarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 A possibility for dealing with this problem is for the material used for the Stage 2 coffer dams to be re-used for filling in this former section of river channel. This will be the preferred option, and will be implemented if sufficient material is available after other parts of the reinstatement program (such as the west bank quarry) have been completed. If suffic lent material is not available, a floating boom will be installed across the eastern channel fron: the downstream end of Dumbbell Island to the east bank, which will prevent accumulation of floating plant material in the channel. Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) The vector for river blindness is the blackfly Simulium damnosuin. This species has been eradicated in the Upper Victoria Nile, and as a consequence onchocerciasis is not a problem in the area at present. Re-invasion by Simulium flies is unlikely. Rapid fluctuations in liver level during operation will alternately expose and drown potential natural breeding stes, making breeding and establishment of a viable population very unlikely. The spillway may provide a breeding site if water flows over it regularly. Providing the spillway dries out completely and at intervals of not more than about 5 days, breeding is not expected to occur. Although the onchocerciasis risk is minimal, incidence in the spillway area will be monitored. If the species is found to increase, measures such as insecticide dosing of the spillway will be considered. Malaria Malaria is already hyperendemic in the area and there are unlikely to be any significant changes in incidence within the local community resulting from the project. Howeve'-, a potentially serious situation applies to those without immunity (such as expatriate worl.ers from non-malarious areas). These need particular protection. Adequate protection will be made available to all expatriate workers in the form of chemoprophylaxis, screening of accommodation, spraying the inside of houses with residual insecticide and bednets impregnated with insecticide. Chloroquine is still the first choice for prophylaxis as chloroquine resistance is generally very low. There is some evidence that there are increased levels of parasite resistance to chloroquine in urban areas as compared v.ith rural areas, and it is suggested that this is due at least in part to self-medication, easier access AESNile Power 376 M1arch, 2)007 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facili4y EIA Chapter 7 to chloroquine (which is readily available in local shops), frequent use for treatment of fevers, whether due to malaria or not, and the failure by many to complete the regime recommended by the Ministry of Health. An awareness programme will ensure that workers are apprised of the modes and risk of infection, the monitoring programme and the importance of making health centres aware of new malaria cases. Construction techniques will include measures to avoid the creation of pools of standing water. For example, borrow pits and quarry areas will be kept well drained in order to prevent this occurring. Trypanosomiasis Although still present. human and animal trypanosomiasis are no longer considered to be a problem in the area and the Bujagali project is unlikely to result in any change to this situation. Rift Valley Fever Active surveillance along the Uganda-Kenya border has not revealed any cases of Rift NValley Fever and this disease is not therefore considered to be a problem. 7.3.10.3 Ebola Outbreak Contact has been made with the Jinja District Health office on measures to be put in place should an outbreak of Ebola fever occur within the project area. Any suspected cases of Ebola will be immediately isolated and treated within the same locality that the person acquired the disease, i.e., if a worker is suspected of being infected, his/her entire family will be quarantined, with movement into and out of the family restricted until adequate measures have been taken and the person is proven to be free of the virus. All emergency measures will be coordinated by the Ministry of Health. Training on detection and protective measures to be taken in the event of an Ebola outbreak will be given to all staff and workers as part of their orientation training. A.ES Nile Power 377 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.3.11 Dam Safety/Risk Assessment World Bank Operational Policy 4.37 and Bank Procedure 4.37 require an independent panel of experts to be commissioned to review and advise the project proponent on matters rel itive to dam design and safety as part of the planning process for any dam project greater thari 15 metres in height. To address this requirement, AESNP fonned the Bujagali Dam Safety Panel (BDSP). The BDSP, consisting of three technical experts, has and will continue to advice through final design, construction, initial filling, and start-up phases of the dam. The specific Tenrrs of Reference for the BDSP is provided as Appendix G.5. Although the BDSP will continually review and comment upon the dam design and construction, the BDSP has already agreed upon several key issues, which include: * determination of maximum ground acceleration values; * spillway discharge capacity is adequate; * back-up power systems for the spillway and main power station are adequate provided they are subject to regular testing; * acknowledgement that the vibrations induced by the planned rock blasting at Bujagali will have no effect on the safety or performance of the Owen Falls structures; and, * the design discharge for the river diversion flows during construction is more ~han adequate to meet the 1% risk of exceedance of the 100 year return. 7.3.12 General Construction Related Issues As part of project planning, a number of construction-related issues were identified, w Aich are addressed within the context of this EIA. These are issues that are common to most large- scale construction projects and for which potential effects are well-known and effective mitigation available. The issues identified are: * Public and Worker Health and Safety; * Management of Hazardous and Contaminating Material; * Management of Solid Waste; AES,Vile Power 378 Mlarch, '001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * Soils and Agriculture; * Air quality; and, * Archaeological Sites. BEC will be responsible for measures to mitigate and manage the potential effects related to construction activities. Project specific plans and programs to be developed by BEC are more fully described in Chapter 8 of this report. The mitigation, management and monitoring measure for all of the issues identified above are set out in Table 7.16. 7.3.13 General Operations Related Issues As part of the general project planning activities, a number of operational-related issues were identified that required further discussion within the context of this EIA report. These are issues that are common to most large-scale hydro projects and for which the potential effects are well documented and effective management measures available. These issues identified are: * public and worker health and safety; * management of hazardous and contaminating material, and, * management of solid waste. AESNP, as operator of the facility, will be responsible for the implementation of measures to protect, mitigate, and manage the potential effects related to the operation of the hydropower facility. Project specific plans and programs to be developed by AESNP are described in Chapter 8 of this EIA report. The various management measures, net effects, and monitoring activities that will be undertaken by AESNP during the operation of the hydropower facility to address the issues identified above are set out in Table 7.16. 7.4 Cumulative Effects 7.4.1 Overview A number of studies have been carried out with respect to the cumulative effects of hydropower development on the Victoria Nile in Uganda. Each has been of different scope and has used a somewhat different methodology. In this section, the approaches and major A ES Nile Power 379 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 findings of those studies are summanrzed. The analysis of project alternatives presented in Section 4.2 of this EIA is also relevant to the assessment of cumulative effects in the area. Cumulative effects can be defined as "the impacts on the environment that result from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions, regardless of what agency or person undertakes such actions" (Council on Environmental Quality, US 1978). With respect to cumulative effects, Annex C of IFC's Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects was ahered to. Annex C states that assessments should consider the "cumulative impacts of existing projects, the proposed project and anticipated future projects... The assessment of cumulative impacts would take into account projects or potential developments that are realistically defined at the time the EIA is undertaken, when they would directly impact on the project area". In general, the main area of concern in the studies under review is the Victoria Nile R:ver within Uganda, although not all the studies included in this review considered a geographical area as wide as that. Time frames have tended to be in the order of 10 to 20 years, a fairly standard timc horizon for such analyses. The current state of development, in particular hydropower development, within the area has been presented earlier in this EIA. In summary, the Owen Falls dam, commissioned in 1'154, was constructed close to the outlet of Lake Victoria downstream of Ripon Falls and resulted in their inundation. The Owen Falls dam continues to operate at that location. During the 1 990s, a second hydropower facility (Owen Falls Extension) was constructed Just downstream of the original Owen Falls project. Of the five turbines that the Owen Falls Extension project was built to accommodate, two went into service during 2000. Plans are under way to add additional turbines to that facility. Section 4.1 of this EIA documents the need for additional sources of electricity in Uganda and summarises the system planning and least-cost analyses carried out to identify .nd quantify that need. In general, those studies have concluded that additional hydropo ver generation facilities are required in the short-to-medium termn and have identified the technically and economically preferred approaches and projects. The cumulative effects analyses, among others, allow the incorporation of environmental and social considerations into the decision-making about the future of hydropower development in Uganda. AES.Nile Power 380 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Studies that have addressed cumulative effects issues in the study area include: the Karatunga Study (Karatunga, 1997); the WS Atkins Study (WSAtkins, 2001; Appendix G.2 to this EIA); the NORPLAN EIA on Karuma (NORPLAN. 1999), the Acres Study (Acres, 2000) and the ESG Study (ESG, 2000). Each is summarized in the following sections. 7.4.2 Karatunga Study In this study (Karatunga, 1997), two of the potential hydropower sites on the Victoria Nile were compared and assessed by integrating remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS), and multicriteria evaluation or analysis (MCA) techniques, while incorporating the views of selected, relevant stakeholders. The projects reviewed were Bujagali and Kalagala. To accomplish this objective, the study was divided into three main activities: impact identification, quantification and final evaluation. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were applied to identify and quantify the spatial impacts. Environrmental resources potentially affected by the hydropower projects were categorised into four environmental aspects: * physical impacts; * ecological impacts; * human use; and, * quality of life values. Twenty-four stakeholders assigned weights to the different environmental criteria and assigned them to the four environrmental aspects. Their viewpoints were then translated into four visions: * nature vision; * quality of life vision; * economic vision; and, * equal weight vision. The assigiunent of weights according to the visions is summarized in Table 7.16. .4ES Alile Power 381 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hlydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.16 Criteria Weights According To Different Visions Environmental Vision Aspect Nature Economic Quality of Life Physical Soil 20.0 2.0 4.7 Surface Water 30.0 3-0 5.3 Ecological Forestry 7.8 5.1 2.9 Vegetation 7.8 2.8 2.1 Fisheries 7.8 4.5 2.9 Wildlife 6.6 2.6 2.1 Quality of Life Cultural Sites 2.3 5.1 6.0 Employment 2.2 7.3 13.0 Tourism 1.6 5.5 10.0 Public Health 1.9 5.9 11.0 Displacement 2.0 6.2 10.0 Human Use Agriculture 2.0 9.5 5.9 Transport 2.1 10.1 6.1 Electricity 2.4 12.5 6.9 Industry 2.1 10.1 6.1 Water Use 1.4 7.8 5.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 The following assumptions were made in assigning weights to the visions: * the Nature Vision attaches the highest importance to the physical aspect, followed by the ecological aspect, while the quality of life and human use aspccts are assumed to bc of equal importance. * the Quality of Life Vision attaches most importance to the quality of life aspect, folloved by the human use values, while the physical and ecological aspects have the s;Lme importance. * the Economic Vision attaches most importance to the human use values, followed by the quality of life and then the ecological aspect. Some of the ecological resources such as fish and forestry can be used for economic benefits as well. Least importance is attached to the physical aspect. The two potential sites were ranked according to the four visions formulated in this study. This was done by transforming the weights assigned by each vision into an ordinal ranking. Effects that have the same weight were assumed to be equally important. while those with a lcwer weight were assumed to be less important. The ordinal weights were then multiplied with the effects' scores, and an index was calculated for each vision to determine which altemative was better than the other. The results of the overall ranking of the two sites are shown in Table 7.17. AES Nile Power- 382 March, .0VO Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.17: Probability Table for Ranking of the Sites Vision Bujagali Kalagala Nature 1.00 0.00 Economic 0.99 0.01 Quality of Life 0.81 0.19 Equal Weight 1.00 0.00 From this table, it can be seen that from all viewpoints, the Bujagali site is better than Kalagala. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, but since the probability of Kalagala outranking Bujagali was always low, a further analysis was not required. Ranking of the two sites was also done according to the first approximation method adopted from Goodland (1997). It gives a quick but crude way of ranking the alternatives based on the ratios of installed capacity, number of people to be displaced, and amount of area to be inundated by the reservoir. These ratios were calculated for both sites and were then converted to a logarithmic scale and plotted on a graph compiled by Goodland (1997). The graph showed that the Bujagali site is better than Kalagala both in terms of kW/people displaced and kWlarea inundated. Overall, the results of the Karatunga study confirm those of the earlier hydropower master plan studies by Kennedy and Donkin (1996) in that of all the hydropower sites on the Victoria Nile, the Bujagali site is the most environmentally compatible location for a dam project. The Uganda hydropower master plan considered the impacts at Bujagali and Kalagala to be the same. This is true in regard to the nature of the impacts, but large differences exist in the magnitude of the effects at each site. Also, the two sites were regarded in the master plan as having no ecological importance, but this fact is not true especially for the Kalagala site where the natural vegetation is still more or less intact. Although the Bujagali site may be considered to be of less ecological importance, construction of a dam at this site will affect the ecologically sensitive area of Mabira Central Forest Reserve. The main impact will be the construction of the transmission line cutting through this Forest Reserve. Inundation of the islands, an important source of fuelwood, will increase the pressure for woodfuel on the existing forests. AES Nile Power 383 Marchi, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The magnitude of the negative environmental effects at the Kalagala site far outweigh those of Bujagali even if the two sites were to be developed in cascade. However, this magnitade will be much higher if only Kalagala is to be developed without Bujagali. Developmen+ of Bujagali after Kalagala is not possible, since the Kalagala option would require utilisationI of the head at the existing Owen Falls dam to maximise power generation. The Karatunga study also proposed four options for decision making and sugges;ted mitigation measures against the adverse effects at the two sites reviewed. 7.4.3 WS Atkins Study 7.4.3.1 Background of the Study This study (WSAI, 2001; Appendix G.2 to this EA) is a cumulative impact assessnent carried out in the context of the Bujagali project impact assessment. It was designed by VS Atkins to consider, as a minimum, the existing Owen Falls project, the Owen Falls Extewlion project, the Bujagali project and at least one other future project. In the absence of a definitive up-to-date plan for the development of hydropower in Uganda it was considered that to be both robust and comprehensive, the comparative assessment should considur a range of future scenarios: * Scenario I - Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension, Bujagali and Kalagala * Scenario 2 - Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension, Bujagali and Karuma * Scenario 3 - Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension, Bujagali, Kalagala and Karuma. A Terms of Reference was drawvn up and reviewed by IFC prior to the assessment being undertaken. The objective of the assessment was to identify and assess the cumula:ive impacts of each of the above sets of projects on the Bujagali project area and to set out the incremental effects of the Bujagali project in relation to the total effects. Firstly, each project was assessed individually, and secondly, an analysis of the sum of the effects of the projects including the interactions between the effects of individual projects was carried out. AFS Nile Power 384 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.4.3.2 Results of the Study Baseline Conditions The Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension, Bujagali and Kalagala project sites are all located on the upper reaches of the Victoria Nile, whilst the Karuma site lies on the lower reaches, north of Lake Kyoga (Figure 7.8). Baseline conditions are somewhat different in the two stretches of the river. The upper reaches are highly fertile and densely settled and the area is strongly influenced by Jinja town, which acts as a focus for employment and a market and service centre. Other activities are fishing and whitewatcr rafting, which take place downstream of Bujagali Falls. The natural environment has been degraded and there is little natural forest remaining. In contrast, the lower reaches of the river in the vicinity of Karuma Falls are less densely settled and agriculture is less developed due partly to drier and less fertile conditions. The area is more remote and less accessible to the main population centres in Uganda. Its human settlers include 'internal refugees' from lands to the north, many of whom have only recently moved to the area. Many of them occupy the Community Wildlife Area, formally under the jurisdiction of the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Grazing is an important activity. There are fewer community or commercial services in this area, the main ones being in the trading centres of Karuma and Kamdini. Standards of living and public health are below those on the upper reaches. The project site is adjacent to the Murchison Falls National Park and the Karuma Wildlife Reserve. Cumulative Assessment - Summary Table 7.18 contains a summary of the comparative impacts of the three development scenarios. For each 'theme', impacts of each scenario have been assigned a rating of low (L), medium (M) or high (H), based strictly on comparison with the other two scenarios. The ratings are not based on any judgement of the importance of themes, e.g. a medium land take impact is not necessarily deemed to be of the same importance as a medium impact on cultural heritage. AES Nile Power 3 85 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.18: Summary Of Comparative Impacts Of Combined Development Scenarios (WSAI, 2001). (Effects are considered negative unless otherwise stated.) Theme Scenario I (Owen Scenario 2 (Owen Scenario 3 (Owen Falls + OFF + Falls + OFE + Falls + OFE + Bujagali + Bujagali + Bujagali + Kalagala Kalagala) Karuma) + Karuma) Installed capacity M L H Major Impacts Cost M L H Land take M L H Population Displacement M L H Cost per megawatt L H M Lesser Impacts Fisheries M (positive) L (positive) M (positive) Terrestrial ecology H L H Tourism M L M Health (construction) M M M Health (operation) M L M Cultural Heritage L M H Landscape M L H Table 7.18 above shows that, although Scenario 2 has the highest development cost per megawatt produced, it generally has a lower environmental impact than either Scenario I or 3. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, only a small land take area is required foi the Karuma project, resulting in a low number of displaced persons subject to involuntary resettlement. Secondly, the addition of Kalagala to a development scenario adds 1400 hLa to the total land take area, which dwarfs the area required by the other project options. This reservoir area has 'knock-on' impacts on other themes such as population displacement, terrestrial ecology and effects associated with the reservoir itself, including fisheries and AES Nile Power 3 86 March, 001 ! - ! -7 e < Ere~~~~~~,- X/@\Xvi~~~~~~~~~~~ a< gi>cal~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Oe Fall s and /Fl!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fb. Owe falls.\ Ext,,,- % W;\; ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ A N 7| AAO N I P Project Name Dt:MRH201 G5FIgr78 BUJAGALI HYDROPOWER Dt AC,20 OO__9IFgr . ~ NILE FAIIYEA_ LOCATION OF EXISTING & PROPOSED S ~~~~AES NILE POWER THE VICTORIA NILE __ Bujagali Project Hpdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 disease vectors. The impacts of the Kalagala project are greater than those of the Bujagali project due primarily to the larger area of direct impact and the flatter nature of the topography upstream from the site(resulting in a larger area being inundated). The impacts of the Karuma project are low due to the smaller scale and the different design of the project, which utilises an underground power station. There are significant cumulative effects associated with Scenario I (which considers the development of Owen Falls, Owen Falls Extension, Bujagali and Kalagala) and therefore results in concentrated hydropower development on the upper reaches of the Nile. These impacts mainly relate to changes to the landscape, the development of the economy, transportation improvements, tourism impact (particularly in terms of whitewater rafting) and cultural effects. The effects on the economy arise from economies of scale and are positive impacts. The Bujagali project plays a smaller role than Kalagala in the total cumulative impacts primarily because of the smaller land take area and resultant smaller number of displaced persons. Scenario 3 consists of the development of all the schemes on the upper reaches and the Karuma project on the lower reaches of the Nile River. However, the cumulative impacts are similar to those for Scenario 1. As set out in the analysis of Scenario 2, the inclusion of the Karuma project creates few cumulative impacts within the area as a whole. A summary of the major benefits and environmental costs of the five hydropower projects (including Phases I and II at OFE and Bujagali) as well as the combined projects is provided graphically on Figure 7.8. On Figure 7.8, the negative impacts of the original (I 950s) Owen Falls dam are excluded, on the grounds that the project has been completed for nearly 50 years and no impact assessment is known to have been carried out to provide the requisite data. The benefits of Owen Falls in terms of generation capacity are known and have been included. It can be seen that, although the Kalagala scheme has the greatest potential power output, it also has disproportionately high environmental and social impacts, as measured by population displacement and permanent land take area. Karuma has the smallest environmental impact in terms of displaced persons and land take, but has a cost comparable to that of Kalagala despite its much smaller generation capacity. AFS IVile Power 389 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chiapter 7 Of the combined analyses, Scenarios 1 and 3 have environmental impacts much higher t ian Scenario 2, simply because the impacts of the Kalagala scheme are included. 7.4.4 NORPLAN EIA - Karuma The Karuma EIA (Norplan, 1999) noted that the cumulative effects from other developmcnts in the vicinity of the Karuma project or from other hydropower projects along the Nile River "are difficult to predict as there is little data available about future plans" (p. 5-25). With respect to the Karuma project itself, the Karuma EIA noted "There are not expected to be any significant cumulative impacts caused by the various project components. This is mainly because the construction phase is relatively short (2.5 years) and the project has an underground power station and tunnel system." With respect to economic activities, the Karuma EIA said that "[N]egative cumulative environmental impacts might arise if various industries and other economic activities are encouraged in the area surrounding the KFHP [Karuma Falls Hydropower Project]. This, however, will to a large extent be dependent upon the priority for development and electricity distribution governed by the Ugandan authorities. Should there be a long-term significant increase in economic activities in the project area this may result in serious encroachment on the conservation areas unless problems of food and energy supply are properly dealt with and patrolling and awareness are strengthened significantly. Monitoring activities recommerded in this EIA will discover any increase in encroachment of the conservation areas and appropriate measures will have to be implemented accordingly." "On the other hand, the cumulative impacts of such a development with increased econcmic activities might from a socio-economic and welfare point of view be considered positive, At present there are no clear political priorities that make it possible to predict these impacts. The future situation in Northern Uganda is likely to be of major importance for the extent of such cumulative impacts." With respect to the potential for development of as many as six hydropower projects along the Victoria Nile, the Karuma EIA said: "Development of several dams and reservoirs a]ong the River may result in serious cumulative impacts which might not be taken into consideration when considering the impacts of each of the projects individually. River flow, AES Nile Power 390 MVfarch, 2001 4500 - t ~~~~~~4000 l00- ~ 0 3500 3000 , 2500 2000 1500 ii 1000- 500 0 ( N F A)0 Option/Combined Scenario 449 Scenario 1: consists of Owen Falls + Owen Falls Extension + Bujagali + Kalagala -t Scenario 2: CO consists of Owen Falls + Owen Falls Extension + Bujagali + Karuma Scenario 3: Source: WS Atkins. Cumulative Impact Assessment (March 2000) consists of Owen Falls + Owen Falls Extension t Bujagali + Kalagala + Karuma FProject Name: F t i BUJAGALI HYDR0POWER ] Date: MARCH, 2001 1 G0503_H_72 Figure 7.9 NILE I FACILITY EIA MAJOR BENEFITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF 3 PER PreparedE' Nor: POWER FIVE HYDROPOWER OPTIONS AND COMBINATIONS AES NILE POWER __O PIN Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 water quality, water hyacinth, wetlands, fish migration and tourism are issues of great concern should several large-scale dams be built. "The present run-of-the-river design for the Karuma Falls Hydropower Project is not likely to contribute significantly to such impacts, with the possible exception of reduced tourism potential linked to the scenic beauty of rapids and falls along the Nile. Should all six projects mentioned above be developed, Uganda could suffer a major loss with respect to this kind of tourism. The Karuma Falls is not a tourist attraction at the moment, but clearly has potential. As the Karuma Falls are not suitable for white water rafting, the KFHP does not contribute to cumulative impacts with respect to such tourist activities. "As the KFHP would not contribute significantly to cumulative impacts on aquatic ecology, no detailed study of cumulative aquatic impacts has been included in this EIA. However, development of several hydropower projects along the Nile involving dams and reservoirs should be studied with such impacts in mind. Developing several reservoir projects could affect aquatic ecology through impacts not considered to be significant during development of each individual project, but their cumulative impacts might be substantial over time." 7.4.5 Acres Study 7.4.5.1 Objeclives The main objective of this study (Acres, 2000) was to provide an assessment of the alternative electric generating projects in Uganda in order for the IFC to determnine if such projects are appropriate for development of the Uganda National Network and are compliant with IFC environmental policies. Assessment of the hydroelectric projects on the Victoria Nile was the central element of the study. However, alternative modes of power generation were also assessed, including thermal, wind and solar power. To achieve its objectives, the study team: * reviewed existing reports and assessed the technical, economic and environmrental issues of the competing projects on a comparable basis; * conducted public consultations to determine the stakeholders' views and major concerns with each project; A ES Nile Power 393 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit EIA Chapter 7 * developed evaluation criteria in conjunction with the stakeholders and IFC policies in order to analyse the viability of each project; and, * assessed the technical and economic feasibility for each project and associated social and biophysical environmental impacts against the established criteria. 7 4.5.2 Study Approach The study was carried out in three phases. The main approach in each phase was as follows: * in Phase l, the study team reviewed the available reports and other documents relevant to the study, and developed the methodology and work plan for the study. A Review Ind Scoping Report was prepared at the conclusion of Phase 1, in January 1999; * in Phase 2, the study team visited Uganda in May 1999 to carry out public consultation meetings with the stakeholders. Technical and environmental issues were reviewed vith the stakeholders and a set of criteria was developed for assessment of the projects. A report on the public consultations, entitled "Report of First Round Stakeholders Meetings," was submitted by the study team to the IFC in June 1999; and, * Phase 3 provided for the analysis of the information obtained from stakeholders And overall assessment of generation alternatives. 7.4.5.3 Concluzsions Bujagali * there are no technical issues that would preclude the development of the Bujagali hydroelectric project (HP). * environmental issues for the Bujagali HP, without considering cumulative effects, are minor or moderate and should be acceptable in consideration of the power benefits. * development of Bujagali Falls HP, in conjunction with other new hydroelectric projects on the upper reach of the Victoria Nile, would have a major negative cumulative impact on cultural homogeneity and community identity, aesthetics, natural heritage and tourism for the country. This issue should be addressed (by government) or at least initia3ted before approval to proceed with implementation. AES,Nile Power 394 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chlapter 7 Kalagala * there are no technical issues that would preclude development of the Kalagala HP. * with the exception of involuntary resettlement, which is considered a major issue, environmental issues for the Kalagala HP (without considering cumulative effects) are minor or moderate and should be acceptable in consideration of the power benefits. A major resettlement plan, in particular finding comparable replacement land, is required for Kalagala. * development of Kalagala HP in conjunction with other hydroelectric projects on the Victoria Nile would have a major negative cumulative impact on the cultural homogeneity and community identity, aesthetics, natural heritage and tourism for the country. This issue should be addressed (by government) or at least initiated before approval to proceed with implementation. Karuma * there are no technical issues that would preclude development of the Karuma HP. * environmental issues for the Karuma HP (without considering cumulative effects) are minor or moderate and should be acceptable in consideration of the power benefits. * development of Karuma HP in conjunction with other hydroelectric projects on the Victoria Nile would have a moderate negative cumulative impact on the aesthetics and natural heritage for the country. This issue should be addressed (by government) or at least initiated before approval to proceed with implementation. 7.4.6 ESG Study In this study, ESG Intemational (2000) was retained by the IFC to address the potential for cumulative social and environmental effects in the Victoria Nile basin arising from hydroelectric development. IFC requested ESG International to build on the Acres work (summarized above) and develop a methodology for assessing cumulative effects further. This was to be done within a strategic social and environmental framework for hydroelectric development in the Victoria Nile basin, and with an eye to facilitating decision-making on the timing and selection of the next project for development. AES Aile Power 395 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.4.6.1 The Approach Appreciating IFC's request that the methodology developed not be highly quantitative or statistical in nature, and that it be easy to convey to a variety of stakeholders, ESG chos-~ to adapt the "Limits of Acceptable Change" (LAC) approach to cumulative effects assessnm ent for this assignment. LAC requires a clear definition of spatial and temporal boundaries. It also requires selecrion of key criteria that reflect peoples' social, economic, and environmental priorities for the study area. For this project, the study area is the Victoria Nile basin and the time period is a 20-year planning horizon, consistent with similar timeframes used by others for electrizity planning in Uganda. Because "limits of acceptable change" implies that all human-induced change causes negative impacts, ESG International modified the terninology traditionally used in LAC. Since development activities can also bring about positive changes (e.g. employment), which are to be encouraged, the LAC terminology was modified from 'limits of acceptable chanlge' to 'change management objectives' (CMO). In summary, the advantages of using an "adapted LAC" approach to appraise cumulative social and environmental effects on the Victoria Nile are that LAC: * is a straight-forward concept to understand and to convey to a variety of stakeholders; * presumes that change will occur and focuses on how that change should be optimally managed, i.e., it is not static or preservationist; * does not require complex mathematical modelling or statistical measurement to work. i.e. it uses peoples' perceptions to set qualitative thresholds on how much change should occur in critical variables in a defined area over a given period of time; * is rooted in public participation; * generates a "preferred vision" for how the basin area should be managed: and, thus * provides a strategic framework within which individual projects can be assessed. AES Nile Power 396 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.4.6.2 The Methodology The overall methodology developed by ESG for this project incorporated the CMOs into a framework for decision-making on hydroelectric projects in the Victoria Nile basin. The major steps of this methodology are: 1. Define major parameters, including study area, timeframe and decision-making criteria for the study; 2. Determine CMOs, including their directions and priorities, for each of the study's decision-making criteria: 3. Assess individual (target) project's effects with respect to CMOs; 4. If possible, compare and contrast alternative projects andior project configurations with target project's effects; and 5. Provide judgments on cumulative and strategic implications of the target project proceeding. In order to assist in development and testing of the methodology, a two day workshop attended by informed stakeholders was held in Kampala, Uganda on November 30th and December 1", 1999. The Workshop developed Change Management Objectives for the basin based upon a preliminary list of criteria developed by the study team. Participants were asked individually to: * assess how comprehensive the list was and add to or subtract from the existing list of criteria as they saw fit; * determine if the listed criteria were "negative" (i.e. indicators of negative change resulting from hydropower projects), "positive" (i.e. indicators of positive change) or "neutral" (i.e. could be either positive or negative); and, * identify their top ten criteria in order of importance. The results indicated that six of the "top 10" criteria identified by workshop participants were seen as "positive" (i.e., indicators of positive effects resulting from hydroelectric developments). All six of these criteria point to poverty alleviation as the overriding consideration when evaluating hydroelectric development proposals on the Victoria Nile. These were: AESNile Power 397 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * regional economic development (1) * access to electricity (2) * health services (5) * education services (6) * land valuation/compensation (8) * employment (9). Cultural and spiritual sites (10) was perceived as "negative" (i.e., an indicator of negative effects resulting from hydroelectric developments). No consistent data for the impori ant criteria of human relocation (3), tourism (4) and natural river flow (7) were obtained. 'Lhe next three highest ranking criteria (11-13) followed in close succession to the "top 10" md were: impacts to wildlife; impacts to agriculture; and, the degree of transmission 'ine infrastructure needed to facilitate a project. There was a significant gap between the "top 3" and the next highest-ranked criteria. 7.4.6.3 Next Project Decision In summary, the ESG study developed a methodology to inforn decision-making on individual hydropower development projects on the Victoria Nile by taking into account their strategic, basin-wide implications over a long term planning horizon. Particular emphasis was placed on the potential for these projects' cumulative social and environmental effects. Change Management Objectives for key decision-making criteria in the Victoria Nile bisin were identified and prioritised through consultations with informed stakeholders. The next step in this analysis would be to assess the performnance of the target project with respect to these CMOs. Comparison of the target project with its alternative configurations and with alternative project(s), as possible, would assist in determining the potential for cumulative effects in the basin. The conclusions from this analysis would be placed in the context of the future development scenario for the basin. 7.4.7 Summary and Conclusions The various cumulative effects studies carried out in the Victoria Nile basin to date have not resulted in a set of precise. clear and unequivocal conclusions. Differing objectives, AES Nile Power 398 Afarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 approaches and methodologies among the studies have resulted in a variety of conclusions, at least some of which either contradict or are inconsistent with one another. There is no single over-nding consensus. That said, the suite of studies may suggest a kind of 'rough consensus' emerging at a broader level, as follows: * the cumulative effects of the Owen Falls and Owen Falls. Extension projects, though largely undocumented and little studied to date, are likely to have been moderate to major; * the cumulative effects of the three prime hydropower projects under recent, serious consideration for the Victoria Nile (Bujagali, Kalagala, and Karuma) appear to range from moderate to major, and together, are likely excessive on environmental and social grounds; * of these three projects, the cumulative effects of the Karuma project appear to be least with respect to environmental and social components, largely due to its remote location and differing design; * of these three projects, the cumulative effects of the Kalagala project appear to be the greatest. Together with the Owen Falls and Owen Falls Extension projects, the Kalagala project would likely prove excessive on environmental and social grounds for the stretch of the Victoria Nile upstream of Lake Kyoga; * the Bujagali project's cumulative effects appear to be intermediate between those of Kalagala and Karuma, suggesting that it might proceed without excessive effects on environmental and social resources upstream of Lake Kyoga on the Victoria Nile system. If some such conclusions were to emerge, then the details of mitigation and optimisation measures associated with the preferred project(s) would need to be worked out in order to assure that the cumulative effects of the development(s) on the basin and region are controlled and managed within acceptable limits. The measures presented in this EIA provide the Bujagali project's commitments to date to advancing that process. AES Nile Power 399 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.5 Community Benefits The Bujagali hydropower facility will result in many community benefits at the national, regional and community levels. In addition to the resettlement and compensation package that each directly affected person will receive, AESNP is committed to providing communlity benefits in a sustainable manner by means of the Community Development Action Plan, ne of the component plans of the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan. It is part of the AES Corporate policy to interact with the communities that host the company's facilities. As part of their Operation and Maintenance budget, AESNP puts axiide 5° of corporate net income each year for Social Responsibility (SR) activities. This fund is not evenly distributed among all of AES' projects. SR activities are on-going throughout the life of a project, with communities putting forward suggestions on an ad-hoc / annual basis. For the Bujagali Hydropower Project, USD 10.2 million over 35 years has been committedl to community-generated, sustainable community development projects. USD 1.789 million has been committed to community development projects during the first year prior to approval of the project by lenders plus the first 4 years after approval of the project by lenders. Refer to Figure 8.7 and Table 8.3 for details. The area that will benefit from the Social Responsibility Programme consists mainly of toth concerned Sub-Counties, namely Wakisi Sub-County (West Bank) and Budondo Sub-County (East Bank). Projects concerning Jinja town are also being considered. Jinja is the main city in the area, with a focal role to the affected area as a market place, an administrative centre, and the lace where many services are provided to the affected area in the fields of health and education Over the long-term, this "social map" will be expanded to incorporate commitments thal go beyond the local area reaching regional and national level as suitable projects emerge and the sustainability of implemented projects have been assured. Section 7.6.1 summarizes the macro-economic and developmental benefits of the project, while the sections below outline the micro-economic and developmental benefits. AESIVile Power 400 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.5.1 Community Development Strategy Part III of the RCDAP provides details on the development and implementation of the Community Development Action Plan. A summary of the CDAP is presented below. The area that will benefit from the CDAP consists mainly of the 8 directly-affected villages: on the West Bank (Mukono District): Naminya, Buloba, Malindi, Kikubamutwe; and, on the East Bank (Jinja District): Bujagali, Ivunamba, Kyabirwa and Namizi. In addition, the village of Buyala on the East Bank, although not within the final project footprint, is also included in the CDAP. The following criteria were considered when the CDAP was developed; * Programmes should be based on local conditions and the needs of directly affected communities, using culturally appropriate means of consultation; * Programmes are to be sustainable; and, * Partnerships are to be established with credible local NGOs. The objectives of the CDAP are as follows; * To improve opportunities for higher incomes or living standards of Project-Affected Persons and the affected area as a whole; * To improve quality of life in the affected area; and, * To provide a safety mechanism for vulnerable persons. AESNP proposes to support long-term sustainable development initiatives, rather than to generate them. The CDAP was developed, based on the following strategy: * Construction of the hydropower facility will provide direct sources of employment to directly-affected persons. * Local communities should benefit from indirect employment opportunities; * Electricity and water supply within the directly-affected communities will be improved; * Improved marketing of farm produce can improve farm incomes; AES Nile Power 401 AMarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdrepower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * New sources of non-agricultural income are needed for women and young people, given the current land scarcity; * Financial services and training to directly-affected persons is required in order that sudden access to cash compensation is handled wisely; * Better access to credit is critical for development of small-scale businesses; * Recreational facilities are important for a good quality of life; and, * A social safety mechanism is needed for those Project-Affected Persons who may have difficulties due to the displacement/compensation/resettlement process. The following sub-sections discuss the regional and community benefits that are expected to occur as a result of the hydropower facility project. The key areas where benefits are expected include: * Health care facilities; * Employment opportunities; * Water supply; * Electricity; * Fisheries; * Training and financial services; * Education; * Tourism; and, * Community resources. 7.5.1.1 Health Care Facilities As previously discussed in Section 3.4.3, there are two existing health facilities located cdose to the project site: Wakisi Dispensary and Maternity Unit (DMU) on the west bankl in Mukono District and Budondo DMU on the east bank in Jinja District. In addition, Jinja Hospital, which is a government general hospital that serves the district, will handle any medical emergencies arising at the project site. All of these facilities are currently under pressure. Although the anticipated influx of a maximum of 400 new workers and some of AES ,Vile Power 402 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 their families represents an increase in the populations of Jinja and Mukono Districts of less than 1%, measures will be implemented to strengthen the local health facilities. AESNP is committed to strengthening health facilities on both the east and west bank, so that the wider project-affected-population (and not just those compensated or employed as a result of the project) can enjoy improved health care services. Consequently, it is proposed to strengthen the services offered at the existing Budondo Dispensary and Maternity Unit on the east bank, and to construct a new clinic on the west bank in Wakisi sub-county. Details are provided in Chapter 27 of the RCDAP. 7.5.1.2 Employment It is expected that a minimum of 10%/O of the unskilled workforce will originate from the affected villages for the construction phase of the project. This phase will employ 600-1500 people at the peak period. The Ministry of Education & Sports Vocational Training Institute in Jinja, in conjunction with AESNP, is developing skills refresher courses in motor vehicle repair, electrical installation and fitting, welding and fabrication, plumbing and pipe fitting, metal fabrication and brick/block laying. Courses will be designed to meet the needs of interested PAPs. AESNP and BEC will pursue an apprenticeship programme that can provide additional job opportunities during the operational phase. Additional details on a training programme geared to training local persons is provided in Appendix H. 1. A cornmercial area will be created in the vicinity of the contractor's base in the dam area. This market would aim primarily at selling food and basic goods to construction workers. The area would be provided with drinking water, latrines, proper run-off water sanitation and made accessible to matatu mini-buses. This commercial area would provide indirect job opportunities (i.e., it is estimated that 50 jobs could be created, mainly for women) in addition to those created directly by the project. Additional details are provided in Chapter 21 of the RCDAP. 7.5.1.3 Water AESNP will contribute to the establishment of modem water schemes in the area. Community-level borehole facilities are proposed for all 8 affected villages. The boreholes will be developed in conjunction with the World Bank National Water Project for AES Nile Power 40(3 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 rehabilitation of small rural water and sanitation schemes. The proposed schemes wi]l be community-managed in compliance with the Ugandan Rural Water Supply national policy. The implementation of this project will have positive impacts on general public health, will make the water collection easier and less time-consuming to women and children who are generally in charge of it, and may have a positive impact on the firewood consumption (since water would not need to be boiled for health reasons). Refer to Chapter 22 of the RCDAI' for additional details. 7.5.1.4 Electricitv AESNP is consulting with the Rural Electrification Department within UEB (Uganda Electricity Board) to design and support investments that improve community acces, to electricity in the area. Consultation with UEB is essential both for implementation, design and materials authorisation and for the appropriate methodology for sensitisation and community management within the framework of the existing Rural Electrification Policy in Uganda. Additional details are provided in Chapter 22 of the RCDAP. 7.5.1.5 Fisheries As a result of previous studies and ongoing consultations, the following Community Development actions are being proposed to the local community in the field of fishery development: - training and contribution to improved organisation of fishermen, and improved slock management and marketing; * buying of appropriate fishing equipment on behalf of the fishermen to get better prces and better quality; and, * scientific monitoring of fish stock in the reservoir. Also, access to the reservoir may be more difficult to fishermen after inundation due to the operational drawdown of water within the reservoir, which may leave a muddy margin on the bank. It is proposed to build 3 landing site structures (metallic, rock, concrete or wood). I wo of the landing sites will be on the west bank of the river, by Kikubamutwe and Buloba villages. The third landing site will be on the east bank at Namizi village. Temporary landing areas will be prepared, i.e., areas will be cleared and flattened if necessary, w1en A ES Nile Power 404 March, 2007 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 construction of the hydropower facility commences (i.e. within 1 month of financial close), in order to ensure that fishermen have unimpeded access to the river during construction of the facility. These landing areas will be upstream and downstream of the coffer dams. Prior to the reservoir being filled, the pennanent landing structures, described above, will be constructed. The construction of these landing sites is actually an impact mitigation measure, but will provide the opportunity for more developments in terns of facilities, equipment and training. Chapter 23 of the RCDAP provides more details. 7.5.1.6 Training and Financial Services This component benefits two different categories of affected people: those who will receive compensation, part of which may be in cash; and people from the area who do not lose assets and will not receive cash compensation, but can benefit from the project. The expected results of the comprehensive training programme are: * Improved Inputs and Business Practices; * Planning and Record Keeping; * Savings and Credit; and, * Small Holder Associations. AESNP support with respect to Financial Services will be based upon existing financial services, which at present are available in Jinja from commercial banks, Credit Unions and Micro-Finance Institutions (NGOs). As a result of aforementioned training efforts, the development of savings and credit associations is expected. A public relations effort will be developed to publicise the existence of the savings and credit associations, and technical assistance will be provided. Refer to Chapter 24 of the RCDAP for more details. 7.5.1.7 Education AESNP is committed to strengthening education opportunities in the affected villages. Planned activities and support include: * improvement of the existing school structures (i.e., classrooms, library, administration blocks, staff quarters, school / college halls, recreation and sanitation facilities); AES Nile Power 405 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 * construction of new structures; and, * provision of equipment. Two institutions on the west bank of the Nile and three institutions on the east bank 1lave been identified as the primary candidates for developmental activities. Full details are provided in Chapter 25 of the RCDAP. 7.5. 1.8 Tourism AESNP has proactively helped set up a Jinja Tourism Development Association. The objective of the association will be to build upon the existing facilities and attractions, and amalgamate a fragmented industry so that it may become sustainable. To assist in this res pect AESNP has committed to developing a cultural centre either within the Bujagali picnic sile or on the islands at the site, and a hydropower visitor centre at the site (see section 7.3.8 of this EIA and Chapter 26 of the RCDAP for more details). 7.5.1.9 Community Resources The implementation of the Community Development Action Plan will be facilitated through two community based resource centres - one located on the East Bank and one on the WXest Banik. Currently the Sub-County (LC3) offices in Wakisi and Budondo are under-utilised and have been put forward as possible centres. It is therefore proposed to use these offices as Community Resource Centres, which will have a positive impact on long-term capacity building for the LC3s in the affected area. These community resource centres will provide: * Library services; * Classroom training facilities for the aforementioned training programmes; * Financial information and services; * Resettlement information and services; * Services to vulnerable people; * Health information; and, * Fax, phone, email and photocopying. AES Nile Power 406 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 The Community Resource Centres will be the key points for implementation by AESNP of all actions planned under the Community Development Action Plan. Additional details are provided in Chapter 28 of the RCDAP. 7.6 Economic and Developmental Benefits 7.6.1 Macro-economic impacts The project will give rise to a number of economic and development benefits at both the macro-economic level and the local level. The key macro-economic benefits that are expected are listed below and discussed in the following subsections: * Reduced electricity rationing and associated costs; * Increase in investment and national income; * Increase in export revenues; * Implementation of rural electrification programmes; and, * Lower energy costs to the consumer. 7.6.1. lReduced Electricity Rationing and Associated Costs At the macro-economic level the major potential benefit is reduced electricity rationing. Frequent 'load shedding' and voltage fluctuations have eroded consumer confidence, increased production costs and curtailed investment. Load forecasts have been prepared by Electricite de France in 1998 and again in 2000. The latter are currently being re-assessed. Using the 1998 forecasts, rationing levels should be reduced by 25-34% for the 'average energy' case and 16-22% for the 'firm energy' case for the five years after the project comes on stream. Electricity rationing causes a major direct loss to the Ugandan economy in terms of lost sales, disruption costs and the value of unserved energy to commercial, industrial and domestic users. Based on international estimates for the cost of unserved energy, the estimated potential cost saving to the Ugandan economy with the Bujagali project is US$ 2.2 to 2.7 AES Nile Power 407 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 billion ('average energy'4 case) or US$ 1.6 to 1.8 billion ('firm energy' case). This repressents a potential saving to the Ugandan economy of about 19-29% ('average energy' case) or 14- 22% ('firm energy' case) of projected GDP, in each of the five years from 2005. 7.6.1.2 Increased Investment and National Income Inadequate power supplies are a major constraint to domestic and foreign inward investnment. From consultations with Government and representatives of the business community including Uganda Manufacturers Association (UMA), Uganda Investment Authority (I IA), and Uganda National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UNCCI), it is apparent that economic growth has been constrained by inadequate and unreliable sources of power. Based on growth and investment data for recent years, a reduction of 10% in the volume of pn vate sector investment leads to a reduction in national income of at least 1%. 7.6.1.3 Increased Export Earnings Load forecasts can change affecting projected needs and demands within Uganda. The project has the capacity however, to provide power exports to Kenya and Tanzania, irrespective of Ugandan load forecasts. Assuming firn energy exports of 80 MW, the loss of annual export revenue without the Bujagali project will be approximately US$ 50 million. 7.6.1.4 Implementation of Rural Electrification Programmes A very small proportion of the population currently has access to domestic power supplie;. In the major urban areas of Kampala, Jinja and Entebbe 21.2% of the population had electricity connections in 1997. In other smaller, urban areas 14.3% were connected whilst in the lural areas 0.4% were connected. An analysis of rural electrification in 16 countries (in Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia and Central America) shows that there is a significant correlation between total power output per capita and rural electrification rates. The increase in generating capaoity, together with ongoing rural electrification programmes, will facilitate improved acces,; to electricity for the Ugandan population with associated downstream benefits. 4 'average energy' is based on a 50% probability of exceeding the predicted flow and 'firmn energy' is base,i on a 95% probability of exceeding the predicted flow. AES Vile Power 408 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.6.1.5 Reduced Costs of Power Much of the current generating capacity in Uganda is provided by pnrvate industnral concerns, private stand-by generators and isolated UEB therrnal generation. The use of off-grid private power supplies results in high comparative costs. Power from diesel and petrol generators can cost as much as 7 times the cost of power supplied by UEB, whilst power from photovoltaic cells costs approximately 6 times the cost of UEB supplies. Current auto-generation (stand-by and industrial) capacity is estimated at 100 MW. The implementation of the project is therefore likely to result in the displacement of more costly generating capacity and reduced costs to consumers. 7.6.2 Local Economic Benefits The local economic benefits resulting from the project include * employment; and, * impact on the local economy, Additional community development benefits to be provided by AESNP including the provision of a commercial area, water supplies, electricity, facilities for fisheries development, training and financial services, have been discussed in the previous section. 7.6.2.1 Employ7nent Current estimates for the number of personnel to be employed during the 4-year construction period are between 600 and 1500 at peak times. The majority of employees will be in the unskilled and semi-skilled sectors and the need for imported expatriate management staff is relatively low. A large proportion of the workforce will be drawn from the immediate local area, with preference given to displaced landholders and labourers from affected communities. During operation it is expected that about 29 staff will be required. Training of staff will be given (as discussed in more detail in Section 7.5.1.2 and Appendix H. 1), thus substantially increasing the expertise of the labour force within the area. Following construction, employees will be equipped with the knowledge and experience to assist them in obtaining further employrnent in the construction sector. AES Nile Power 409 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.6.2.2 Impact on the Local Economy During the construction phase, the generation of local cmployment opportunities will act as a catalyst to stimulate the local economy. Increased incomes in the area will encourage the formation and growth of local businesses, which will in turn create new indirect employm nent opportunities. Both processes will alleviate pressure on land resources. Similarly the availability of cash from compensation payments will result in opportunitie,; for investment. In combination with programmes for assistance and advice (as explained ifn the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan) opportunities will arise both to improve agricultural productivity and to develop new businesses. Studies of the local economy undertaken by ACDI-VOCA pointed to the seasonal nature of financial problems experienced by a large proportion of the population and the inability of many families to cope with unexpected or unplanned costs. The potential for increasing savings and for investment of 'new' cash, as a result of the project, will help to alleviate these problems and thus significantly improve standards of living in the area. The report concludes that 'there are multiple opportunities to leverage the economic boom period into lasting and accelerated economic growth in the area'(2000). During the operation phase the main economic benefits of the project will be those resulting from increased power availability locally. From discussions with UIA, the Chamber of Commerce, UMA and local businesses in Jinja, it is clear that there is considerable potential for development in the retail, construction, hotel and industrial sectors in the town. The lack of reliable, economic power supplies is considered to be constraining development in Jinja. In particular, four large local industrial concerns (steel rolling mills, Nile Breweries, TNytil Picfare and Uganda Grain Milling) envisage expansion of up to 30% of their productive capacity and up to 40% of their employment over the next four years if reliable supplies of electricity were assured. They all currently operate below capacity due to irregularity of supplies and loadshedding. Appendix G.3 gives details of licensed, unimplemented proje cts in Jinja Municipality that are not yet implemented. UIA consider that the provision of improved power supplies would result in the implementation of a large number of these projects. This would substantially assist in the development of a process of sustained economic growth in the area. AES.Nile Power 410 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 7.7 Summary of Impact Management, Net Effects and Monitoring Measures Table 7.19 sets out the potential impacts associated with construction and operation of the hydropower facility, along with the key impact management measures and effects monitoring measures to be implemented, and the expected net effects. The assessment of construction- related effects assumes full implementation of the procedures and management measures specified in the Project Plan that has been prepared (in draft form) by BEC. The draft plan is provided as Appendix H.2. Additional implementation details are specified in Chapter 8. AES A'ile Power 411 Mfarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chtapter 7 Table 7.19: Imnpact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitorinig Activities Issue location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Resettlement and Land Compensation Physical Reservoir and AESNP has identified all project affected persons arid The compensation and AESNP to implement grievance, dislocation of hydropower developed a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to address resettlement measures to be monitoring and evaluation persons and facility site economic losses, physical resettlement and loss of land or provided are designed to procedures as prescribed in the acquisition of land buildings. ensure that project aft'fected RAP or land rights for The RAP overall allows for: land for land compensation, or persons are better off or at the project cash, depending on the individual situation and preference least nio worse off as a result of the project affected persons. of the project 'I'he RAP provides for additional assistance to vulnerable I persons. Effects on Land Pemianent and Reservoir and Temporary land take areas will be reinstated to a condition Compensation will ensure Monitoring and grievance temporary loss of hydropower that will make it possible for the land to be used for project affected people are no procedures as incorporated into land, including facility site agriculture, forestry or induistry. The ultimate decision as to worse off as a restilt of the RAP. agricultural land the final uses for this land will rest with ULC. development of the project. A Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared to provide Permanetit conversions of 45 compensation to landowners and other project-affected ha of land to industrial uses people and inundation of 80 ha to form the reservoir. Loss of agricultural productivity on land affected. Loss of terrestrial Reservoir Enrichment planting to regenerate forest vegetation on Regeneration expected to Periodic monitoring success of habitat island land not inundated but previously logged or cleared offset effect to terrestrial regeneration efforts for agriculture, as well as land along the mainland shore. habitat Possible gazcttmcnt of the islanids, and the shoreline up to 1 16 m tIMSL, as a Central or District Forest Reserve Disturbance of land Rock quarry The portion of the quarry that will remain above water In long term quarry slope face Periodic monitoring success of at rock quarry level, i.e. fomii the new riverbank, will be profiled arid will appear as natiuial regeneration effolts planted suchi that it has a similar landscape to equivalent landscape feature areas above the water line prior to constriction, and blends in with the profile of undisturbed areas ASES Nile Power 412 March, 2001 S S Bujagaliloject Ilydropower Facility EIA liapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Effects on Water: Hydrology and Hydrogeology Decrease in River Nile No more than 25% of Owen Falls discharge to be retained Temporary small reduction in Monitor downstream discharge downstream flow downstream of in Bujagali impoundment. wetted perimeter downstream and water level at Mbulamuti during reservoir Bujagali Gauging station. filling Rise in water level Reservoir Any latrines or wells negatively affected will be replaced or Effect expected to be isolated Monitor bacterial quality of in wells and pit margins, to compensated for, including possible provision of alternative to wells and latrines located wells. latrines wherc present water supply within the land take area - no watcr table meets off-site wells or latrines are 1111.5 mASL expected to be affected contour. Effects on Water: Water Quality lncrease in River Nile No digging or grubbing during reservoir clearance. No widespread significant Daily visual inspection suspended solids downstream of Site drainage systems will include sedimentation basin, effects expected on aquatic downstream, plus weekly resulting from site withi option for chemically-assisted flocculation if required species sampling and analysis. coffer dam to meet NEMA standard. construction, water Trees in areas to be flooded as result of coffer dam level rise during installation and water diversion to be cleared prior to diversion and site inundation. activities Incr-eased rates of Reservoir and Indigenous aquatic grasses (e.g. Iossia) will be planted Minor, temporary increase in AESNP to nionitor reservoir erosion due to immediately within the water fluctuation zone (2 vertical metres between erosion bank stability and stabilise fluctuating water downstream of FSL at 1111.5 m and drawdown height). problematic areas as necessary level during dam Piers and/or docks and concrete steps will be constrmcted to operation provide access to water by local people. AES Nile Power 413 March, 2001 luijagali 1'roject Hydropoiver F acility EIA Chapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Reservoir water Owen Falls 'I'rces and shrubs will be harvested prior to the reservoir Eutrophication not anticipated Operational water quality quality tailwater to being filled, to niininmise water quality effects associated due to shiort retention time of monitoring program Bujagali intake with rotting vegetation, and to prevent fouling of fishing reservoir. Risk will be (operational gears. reduced further due to phase) implementation of NEMA standards with respect to upstream discharges. Stratification not anticipated due to shallow water depth and high degree of mixing. Public access to Kikubamutwe Alternative drinkinig water sourcc to be provided Improved access to drinking Monitor yield and quality of drinking water and Namizi water supply villages Public access to Kikubamnutwe Permanent access points to he maintained upstream and Safety at haul road crossing AESNP to check BEC river water (for and Namizi downstream of coffer dams, with designated pedestrian points. compliance with safety washing and other villages access routes including crossing points on site haul roads. requirements at road crossings. purposes) during Road crossings to be posed with warning signs and crossing diversion guards emploved to control traffic. Effects on Water: Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries Access to fish Kikubamutwe Alternative fisli landing sites to be provided by AESNP Improved landing sites and AESNP to liaise with Fishing landing sites and Namizi trading facilities. Associations on east and west villages banks. (construction phase); all upstream villages (operational phase) Deleterious effect Upstream and Stocking program to be carried out in the reservoir, if Expected increase in Fisheries surveys post- of fish populations downistream of required, to establish healthy populations of desirable productivity of the fishery in construction. Bujagali schcme species. the stretch of river to be inundated. No significant effect expected on fisheries do1---.sra,m1 ofthe r^s^--.o.Vr. AESNilePower 414 March, 2001 0 0 S Bujagalj9ect Hydropower Facilit, EIA 0 hapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Mlonitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Damage to aquatic Reservoir The implementation of fish screens prior to the water Fish mortality caused by During initial operation, AESNP organisms through intakes will reduce the rate of entrainment by fish. entrainment will be limited, will inspect the materials entrainment and however, small mortality rates removed from the fish screens to subsequent passage cannot be precluded. No determine the success of the through the significant effect on the local management measure. The turbines. fish population is anticipated. results of this monitoring program will determine if additional management nmeasures are required. Effects on Air Impairment of air Construction Dust will be controlled by following standard good site Short-term, localized effects Daily inspection by BEC of quality from area and practices, including: on air quality, primarily in construction areas for excessive nuisance dust transport routes * Stockpiles of friable material will be grassed in order to relation to fiugitive dust. nuisance dust. prevent windtlirow (and sediment run-off to the river Instrumental monitoring of during wet weather) particulates outside site * During dry conditions, access roads will be wetted or boundary. treated with a biodegradable (e.g. Iignin-based) road AESNP/BEC to mainitaini sealing product to prevent dust generation records of complaints on air * Trucks containing friable material will be covered if quality, and follow-up corrective using public highways measures. * A maintenance program for plant and vchicles will be implemented, to ensure emissions of particulates, SO2 and NO2 are minimised. AILS Nile Power 415 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Moiiitoring/ Follow-Up Impainiient of air Vicinity of The plant will be fitted with dust filters. No significant impairment of Regular maintenance and quality from batching plant The plant will be designed and maintained to European air quality. Ugandan anibicnt inspection of the asphalt plant to operation of Asphalt Pavement Association, Environmental Guidelines air quality standards and WBG ensure efficient and clean Asphalt batching on Best Available Teciniques (BAT) guidelines will be maintainied. operations plant Effects on Noise Nuisance noise at Villages adjoininig Baseline noise readings will be taketn prior to commencement Transitory short-term nuisance Liaison by BEC with adjacent adjacent sensitive the construction of construction. noise effects, primarily during residents and landowners to receptors site, particularly Iimplemilenit noise managemenit measures as specified in BEC's daytime. identify nuisance noise issues Kikubamutwe, Project Plan. In addition the following practices may be and resolve complaints. Namizi and adhered to: Instrumental monitoring of noise Buloba. * All intemal combustion equiipnment will have properly outside site boundary. functioning silencers or mufflers; Monthly Environmental * Landowners in the vicinity to be notified about the Inspection report to be construction schedulc and activities, including blasting, as completed. reqtuired; * Noise generating activities that take place near resideiitial or sensitive institutional receptors will be restricted to the period between 0600 and 2200 h, which is defined as 'daytime' in the draft Ugandan noise standards; * BEC' will comply with standards derived from Ugandan national noise standards. These derived standards are 66 clBLAeq during daytime, and 57 dBl.Aeq at night, measured at a point 15 m from the site boundary. If necessary, measures to be taken to reduce noise eirnssions from the site will include provision of screens or bunds to absorb noise and deflect it away from receptors. Blasting noise Villages adjoining BEC will erect postcrs waming residents of blasting noise, and 'I'ransitory short-temi nuisance Further door-to-door information the construction conduct door-to-loor visits to advise in person. noise effects. visits every 12 months. site, particularly Warning siren to be sounded prior to detonations. Kikubamutwe, Blasting to be confined to shift change periods (c. 0800 h and Namizi and 1800 h) Buloba. Nile_Power_4ph,2001 A E S NVile PowPer 46March, 2001 _____l rojc Hydropower Facility EIAChpe7 ujgli! ee Chapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Etfects on Traffic and Roads Effects on road Off site BEC will prepare and implement a Traffic Management Risk of serious traffic BEC to maintain records of all capacity and safety transportation Plan (TMP) that contains appropriate strategies for: moving accidents minimized. Project accidents involving project routes and access materials, equipment and workers to and from the Site, related traffic will not exceed vehicles. roads, primarily including abnormal loads; and, management of connection the capacity of existing roads AESNP and BEC to implement a Jinja-Kayunga points between access roads and maini public highways. traffic complaints and corrective highway The TMP will include procedures for: action procedure. * parking and on-site traffic movement; * training and testing of heavy equipment operators and drivers, including vision tests, with records kept of all trainiiigs; * use of project buses to transport workers to reduce pressure on existing public transport; * all vehicles to be lit front and back and to be properly mnaintained; * enforcement of maximum load restrictions; * posting and enforcemenit of speed limits; * compliance with all relevant Applicable Laws; * executing movcmcnts of abnormal loads to minimize traffic congestion; * vehicle safety classes in the affected villages lor villagers, in particular pedestrians and bicyclists. Deterioration of Off-site Regular inspection of acccss road conditions No significant deterioration in BEC to inspect road conditions structural integrity transportation Traffic-related construction damage to be repaired as soon road conditions expected. weekly of roads due to routes: primarily as practical There may be slight project traffic and Jinja-Kayunga When abnormal loads (e.g. large transformers and turbines) improveimienits to the capacity passage of HGVs highway are to be transported. BEC will, along with the relevant or strength of roads and and abnormal loads District Engineer or his representative, inspect structures related bridges and culverts. along the roads to be used before and after movement of the load(s). BEC will make good any damage to structures and road surfaces caused by the transporting of these loads. AES Nile Power 417 Mlarch, 2001 Butjagali Project Hydropowver Facility EIA Cliapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Disrmption of Transportation Plans for connectioni of any upgraded access roads to the Net improvement in road BEC to implement a traffic traffic at access routes and access public lhighway network will be submitted for approval by intrastructure and saftety due complaints and corrective action points to access roads the District Enginieer or other appropriate Relevant to project upgrades procedure roads Authority before construction commuences. Any proposals for management oF higlhway traffic (such as speed humps or tidal flow) will be submitted for approval to the Ministry of Works, Housinig and Coimmunications at the District Engineer level in accordance with the UEB Hydropower Facility Environmental Mitigation Plan, a component of the Project Plan. It will be demonstrated that any new junction will not be a safety hazard, and that adequate signage, warnings and speedi controls will be in place. A ES Nile Power 418 March, 2001 * 0 0 bujagaliroject Hlydropower Facitfiy F El Cliapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Moiiitoring/ Follow-Up Effects on Maniaged and Protected Areas Loss of terrestrial 28.6 ha of island Enhancement planting will be undertaken on the residual Enhancement planting and Periodic monitoring of success habitat within Jinja and mainland islands land area usinig indigenous species. protection of the islands is of the planning program Atinial Sanctuary shoreline will be The Forest Department has expressed interest in having the expected to offset the initial inundated residual islands gazetted into. or added to, a central or loss of habitat between Bujagali district forest reserve, together with area that will be planted Falls and Owen near Dumbbell Island and in the i 00 metre pro(ected /one Falls Dam along the banks of the River Nile, to mitigate for land lost to permanent and temporary land take. Institutional strengtheninig to develop UWA's ability to manage the Jinja Animal Sanctuary Effects on Tourism, Whitewater Rafting and Aesthetics Inundation of Primarily on the Development of alternative sites that offer vistas and areas Creation of new tourism Ongoing consultation with JTA tourism East bank of Nile for recreation through AESNP-supported development of opportunities expected to on results of program destinations (e.g., close to Bujagali the Jinja T ourism Development Association (JITDA) offset loss of exiling feattires implementation natural areas) and Kyabira AESNP's estimated budget for their conimitments to Falls construct a ctiltiral centre and heritage trails, etc. (see Chapter 8 for more detail), is US$150,000 with an additional US$9 million over 30 years for projects proposed and implemented by the community Inundation of Jinja Adrft and Nile River Explorers (NRE), the impacted WWR Pernanent loss of the existing No monitoring proposed Buiagali Falls and operators, may chose to re-design their rafting route to start half-day WWR route; the I rapids below that further down stream. AESNP is also open to further and 2 day routes will remain form a portion of consultations with WWR operators. viable the whitewater AESNP is working with the JTA to enhance existing rafting (WWR) attractions and develop viable recreation/tourism route alternatives. AES Nile Power 419 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hlydropower Facility LIA Chapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigationi, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoriiig Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Aesthetic Change Dumbbell Island AESNP will construct a cultural centre near current Significant change in Ongoing consultation with to River Resulting to Tailrace of Bujagali Falls to work with Jinja Tourism Development aesthetics will result from JITDA on results of program from Reservoir Owen Falls Association (JITDA) to make new reservoir recreationally inundation of the rapids and implementation Inundation and Facilities viable. falls. dam installation AESNP will construct a visitor centre at dam site to explain how facility works and to allow long tenn pedestrian traffic The dam introdtices a new on the dam from both banks of the river. industrial element into a AESNP to work with JITDA on how best to use their primarily natural and rural US$ 150,000 tourism fund to make Buiagali area landscape. recreationally viable and aesthetically appealing. Effects on Cultural Property Inundation of Within land Relocation as part of overall RAP programme through Minor disturbance to No monitoring anticipated houselhold graves acquisition area compensation payments. individual households and aoiasabo Rememiibranice service to commnemilorate those buried in the area. A structure or monument may be erected, either at site of remembranice or elsewhere, in accordance with wishes expressed by local communities. Inundation of Within land Minimize impact oni cultural property through mapping and Short tcirn disruption during AESNP and BEC to implement a dwelling sites of acquisition area tagging of sites by BEC. relocation of spirits to new public complaints and corrective spirits important to location action procedure the local Relocation through carrying out transfer and settlement community ceremonies. Inundation of Bujagali rapids Relocation of resident spirits through transfer and Short tenn disruption during AESNP and BEC to implement a Bujagali rapids resettlement ceremonies relocation of spirits to new public complaints and corrective location action procedure Potential for Project area Preparation of Code of Practice. Cultural awareness training Minor risk of serious effects AESNP and BEC to implement a incoming for incoming employees by BEC. public complaints and corrective employees to action procedure offend spints AES Nile Power 420 March, 2001 0 0 0 Bujagalti9ect Hydropower Facility EIA q 'Phapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Impacts on Public Health Spread of Site workers (all BEC will bus labourers to site each day from Jinja and The project is not expected to BEC and AESNP to maintain a HIV/AIDS and levels) surrounding villages. No camp to be constructed for have a significant effect on record of each worker's other sexually labourers, thus reducing the number of single males living prevalence or transmission of orientation and IIIV/AIDS transmiiitted outside their normal social surroundings. HIV/AIDS and other awareness education. diseases (STDs) A program will be developed and implemented specificallv communicable diseases NMaintain records of condom and malaria to promote safe sex for the construction workforce. distribution programme. Family accommodation to be provided for expatriate workers includin)g Third Coutilry Nationals. Accomodations fbr ininigrant workers will be screened and insecticides will be made available for spraying the inside of houses. BEC will undertake an awarencss programme for con-miuniicable diseases for workers and the public. BEC to distributc condoms at no cost to project workers. BEC to makc malaria prophylactics available to immigrant work force at no cost. As well, accommodation for immigrant workers will be screended and insecticides made available for spraying the inside of houses. AES Nile Power 421 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility FIA Chapter 7 f'able 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Anialysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measur-es Net Effects Moiiitori ng/ Follow-Up Increase in Vicinity of Thle narrow, steep-sided valley of the impoundment will Minimal risk of increase in Regular monitoring for prevalence of Reservoir create significantly fewer vector breeding sites when prevalence of vector born development of snail colonies vector born compared with impoundments with extensive, shallow parasitic diseases along the banks of the parasitic disease shorelines. impountmenet, particular Daily fluctuations of water levels will strand vectors, attention being given to those including mosquito larvae and snails, and to expose both areas where there are the vectors (adults and egg masses) and potential comparative shallows and breeding sites to the drying effects of the sun. backwater, wherever there are Trees and shrubs will be cleared from the reservoir area colonies of water hyacinth or before iniudatioli to remove potcntial anchorages for Nile cabbage, and where there is weed mats that are favourable habitat for snail vectors. likely to be human water The backwater created imioiediately downstream of the conitact. Where necessary, dam will be filled in using excess coffer dam material. floating vegetation will be Floating booms and mechanical removal will be used to eradicated by ianual removal control vegetation in any remaining backwater areas and disposal to land. Presence for incidence of the blackfly vector for Onchocerciasis will be monitored at the spi Iway of the Dam. AES Nile Power 422 Marclh, 2001 * * 0 Buijagal,rjecl IS ydropower Facility EIA Cliapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue I| tocat i:on |Mitigation Measures |Net Fffet i Nlo1nitoring/ F4ollow-up General Construction Related Issues: Public and Worker Healthi and Safety Public safety issues Active Secure equipment and demarcate any excavations in such a Risk of serious injury or health BEC to maintain records of any regarding: Construction way as to prevent accidents when construction not in effects managed to incidenits, investigationis ail(I accidental contact Areas progress; intemationally acceptable corrective actions. with power lines, Keep non-authorized persons away from any construction levels. collision with activities/sites/yards/ equipment; construction Fence critical areas and post warning signs with appropriate equipment, quarry text and( graphics; excavations, Bcgin educational programs in schools and communities to material storage educate people of hazards and safe practices. Work related injury All project areas BEC will comply with relevant WB/IFC health and safety Risk of serious injury or health BEC to complete Monthly or health effects requirements. including specific provisions for: effects managed to Environmental Inspection report. * Introduction and use of poisonous or other chemicals internationally acceptable BEC to maintain records of injurious to health; levels, and to meet all inspections, incidents, * Handling dangerous goods and specialized waste; Ugandan standards and investigations and corrective Training: niomntcmite WB/lFC guidel'ines actions *Working cnvirontmcnt comnmittee; Use of helmets; * Personal injuries and accidents; * Damage to material, equipment and buildings; * Poison trcatment, chemical and fire injuries; * Safety audit; * Work done by hired personnel or firms; * Operating cranes; * Working with heat in confined places; * Corrective action: and * Protective action. Drinking water for Project site A water treatment plant will be established within the No impacts anticipated. BEC to maintain weekly water construction permanenet land take area (taking raw water either from quality inspection forms during workers aquifer or the River Nile) construction. and AESNP during operation AES Nile Power 423 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project hlydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Moniitorinig/ Follow-Up Risk of malaria Coonstruction Adequate protectioni will be made available to all expatriate Risk of infectiotn minimii ized Monitoring for incidence of ifection to project areas workers in the foran of chenoprophylaxis, screeniig of infection amongst workers workers accorkersodation, spraying the inside of hous,s wits i residual insecticide and bednets impregnated with insecticide. General Construction Related Issues: Management of [lazardous and Contaminating Material Potential for Construction site A Waste Management Programme will be developed as part Minimal risk of environmcntal Constniction cftluent shall be microbial of the Project Plan including: or human health impacts. monitored daily at the discharge contamination of * Provision of an appropriate number of toilets at NEMA and WB/IFC standards point to the receiving water. surface water and worksites; for effluent quality will be Operational effluent to be soil * Sewage system will be designed to acconiniolate the met, monitored monthly. Additional sewage level at the site; treatment to be provided if NEMA standard breached. * Treatment to NEMA standards of effluent (defined as Monthly Environmental 'foul water arising from the sanitary system and any Inspection report completed. process water') at the site * Training consttuction employees on project sanitation practices. AES Nile Power 424 March, 2001 0 0 0 * *0 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 'T'able 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Environmental All constiuctioin BEC shall dispose of materials defined as hazardous waste Negligible risk of significant Monthly Environmental contamiination from sites (e.g. hydraulic oil) in a responsible way, and where contamination Inspection form to be completed. spillage or disposal reasonable, shall return such materials to the manufacturer of fuels, libricants, for recycling. oils and solvents on Thc risk of release of contaminating material will be the construction reduced through implementation and enforcement of the site Pollutant Spill Contingency Procedures of BEC's Project Plan, including: * Prohibition of dumping of any contaminating material product into the environment/onto the ground, including waste oils, in accordance with NEMA regulations; * Storage and routine handling of fuels, lubricants, and other potentially contaminating substances in a weather-protected area equipped with a secondary containrment system for spills; * Storage areas shall be designed such that they will contain 1 10% of the largest container/vessel stored in the storage area; * Havc available on-site all cquipment and matcrials required to execute a clean-up; * All wastes recovered during cleanup operations to be collected and stored for subsequent disposal; * Supply agreement will include responsibility for supplier to take waste oil; * BEC will vcrify each supply/disposal subcontractor(s) has adequate arrangements or facilities for proper disposal, treatmeint or recycling of these wastes; * Personiel will be educated on proper use and disposal of hazardous materials. AES Nile Power 425 March, 2001 fujaguli Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 7 Iable 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up General Construction Related Issues: Managemnciit of Solid Waste Visual and Construction site BEC will nianage solid waste according to its Project Plan. Minor short-term decrease in Monthly Environmental environmental In addition, the following managemenit measures may be air quality. Inspection form completed. contai1liiationi from implemented: Minor increnliental impacts on improper disposal * Waste management training for all workers; soil, groundwater, and surface of solid wastes. * BEC shall identify a suitable site for the disposal of water at municipal disposal Air pollution from solid waste from messing facilities and construction location due to inproper on-site bur-ning of activities in general in agrcement with the District storage. solid waste. Council and shall ensure that such a site is used properly; * Wood etc. e.g., cable reels, may be sold for a nominal fee to local persons; * Buming will be used as a last resort and only when material cannot be disposed of at a licensed disposal location. Burning will not occur within the wayleave, but at the hydropower station under controlled combustion; and * Only dry, clean-burning material (wood, cardboard, paper, dry vegetal niaterial) will be burned. General Construction Related Issues: Soils and Agriculture Topsoil compaction, C'onstruction Strip and store topsoil separated from subsoil for major Short term loss of agricultural Following construction, BEC to rutting and mixing site, access excavations; productivity of disturbed soils chcck for compaction on from: grading, roads. In agricultural areas, movement of heavy equipment will be cultivated soils and remediate as excavations and restricted during wet-soil conditions to prevent sub-soil necessary. transportation of compaction; equipmenit, concrete Relhabilitation of exposed soils following BEC's and steel. Reinstatement Plan. Erosion of soils on Steep slopes Steep slopes to be identified on the "Detailed sensitivities Minor decrease in slope Periodic inspection by BEC of steep slopes along extent of mapping" stability due to initial site and steep slopes during construction disturbed by transmission Where practical, steep slopes will be avoided; access preparation. and rehabilitation measures excavation Iines Areas susceptible to erosion shall be properly sloped and No long-term net effects with following construction. compacted to reduce the effect of runoff and shall be seeded proper construction and | inunediately j rernediation measures. AES Nile Power 426 March, 2001 0 0 is BujagailtO"iect Hydopower Facility ElA Clpter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring! Follow-Up General Construction Related Issues: Air Quality Impaired air Transportation The following measures may be utilized to control exhaust Shott-term, localized cffects BEC to make spot visual quality from routes, emissions: on air quality inspections of exhaust and exhaust of heavy construction sites * maintain equipment in good runnaing condition - no vehicle loads equipment, motor vehicles to be used that generate excessive black Instrumental monitoring of vehicles and other smoke; particulates/S02[N02 outside site equipent with enforce vehicle load restrictions to avoid excess boundary. combustion emissions from engine overloading; Monthly Environmental engines * where practical switch off engines when not in use. completed. BEC to maintain records of corrective action taken. AES Nile Power 427 M1arch, 2001 Bujagaui Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue I Location I Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Gener al Construction Related Issues: Archaeological Sites No archaeological An AESNP will ensure that the site will be walked by an Any discovered archaeological Workers to receive training on sites identified to archaeological archaeologist upon approval of the EIA and prior to features will he thoroughly importance of archaeological date within dam site(s) may be construction. Mitigation measures to be agrecd upon by excavated and studied, sites and how to identify. system vicinity uncovered Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA) Finds to be included in Montihly during and BEC. Environmental Report. excavation. Prior to construction, BEC will undertake detailed environmental mapping of the hydropower facility site and borrow pits (including any sand sources utilised outside of the project area) and identify (in consultation with AESNP and relevant authorities which niay include the District Forest Officer or District Environment Officer) sensitive areas to be avoided, trees to be marked for preservation, etc. The unearthing of archaeological remains will bc monitored durinig excavation. BEC will seek the advice of the Department of Antiquities as to the type of relics that might be found in the area, and include a briefing on this issue withinl the training programme for construction workers. Construction workers will be vigilant to such relics during excavation. The SEO and Environmental Manager will report any relevant finds to the Department of Antiquities, who will advise on measures to be taken to ensuire their preservation. AES Nile Powver 428 March, 2001 0 0 0 Bujagairoject Hydropower Facility EIA _ pter 7 I'able 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue I Location Mlitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up General Operation Issue: Public and Worker Health and Safety Risks to the public Dam site In-water booms will be utilised to prevent boaters, other No significant danger to pubic Periodic checks by the associated with the recreational users, and local persons from entering into the safety is anticipated. maintenatice techinicians operation of the near-structure headpond area. associated with the Dam, hydro station. Land access will be controlled through gated/monitored Penstock, Gates, and Valves access roads. systems team. Automated surveillance systems will also be incorporated into the design of the hydro station and its ancillary facilities Where appropriate, warning signs niay be posted to wamn both land and water users of the hydro station and its ancillary facilities. Ilcalth and well- Facility Site BEC will design an occupational health and safety program Staff who adhere to the OHSP On-going monitoring of being of station (01 ISP), which addresses all aspects of worker healtlh and should be able to work at the employee health status. staff. safety relevant to the operation of the hydro facilities. hydro station for an indefinite Investigative/corrective action If deemed necessary by AESNP, a facility-specitic safety period of time without taken on all lost time incidents manual may be designed. experiencing any chronic health problems. Risks and hazards to workers and chance of lost-time accidents minimized to internationally acceptable levels AES Nile Power 429 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA _______ Chapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact-Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activitics Issue Location Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring! Follow-Up General Operation Issue: Management of Hazardous and Contaminating Material Release of waste Site area and Storage areas shall be designed such they will contain Limited/negligible risk of On going monitoring to ensure oil, hydraulic fluid, disposal location 110% of the largest containerivessel in the storage area. significant contamination effective separation of inert solid painits, solvents, BEC will develop a facility-specific Spill Prevention, waste from potentially and similar Control, and Contingency Plan, which outlines hydro contaminating hazardous waste materials into the station design features, spill prevention, and control cnvironment. procedures On-site dumping or burial of any potentially contaminating waste product will be strictly prohibited. All other potentially contaminating wastes will be recovered in sound, properly labelled containers and disposed of off-site at the appropriate facilities where available. Training of personnel who operate systems that use potentially contaminiating materials General Operation Issue: M\anagement of Solid Waste Incremental effect Local landfill Implementation of good site practices consisting of Minor incremental impacts on On going monitoring to ensure at disposal systematic collection and protected storage on-site; and soil, groundwatcr, and surface teffctive separation of inert solid location.. a waste managenlent program consisting of reduction, water at municipal disposal waste from potentially reuse, arid recycling of materials where possible. location. contaminating of hazardous waste AES Nile Power 430 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Ilydropoover Facility EIA Clhapter 7 Table 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue Location Mlitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring/ Follow-Up Cumulative Effects Cumulative effects Victoria Nile Recent analysis has not identified a consensus on The Bujagali project's AESNP report on status of of the proposed River basin cumulative effects. If some such conclusions were to cumulative effects appear to mitigation measures taken in hydropower facility enmerge, then the details of mitigation and optimisation be intermediate between those yearly progress report. on ecological and measures associated with the preferred project(s) would of Kalagala and Karuma, the social conditions, need to be worked out in order to assure that the cumulative two other prime hydropower aesthetics, and land effects of the (levelopment(s) on the basin and region were projects under recent, serious developmenit controlled and managed within acceptable limits. The consideration, suggesting that patterns measures presented in this EtA provide the Bujagali Bujagali might proceed project's commitments to date to advancing that process without excessive effects on environmental and social resources upstream of Lake Kyoga on the Victoria Nile system . Local Community and Developmental Benefits Allocation of Directly affected AESNP to implement a Community Development Strategy A significant net positive AESNP will encourage local benefits of the villages and to ensure local communities derive benefits associated with: effect on socio-economic business leaders to form a project to local, greater Jinja area * Health scrvices- conditions is expected in the project liaison group to assist host communities . Employment opportunities directly affected villages AESNP in monitoring local * Water supply; procurement practices * Electricity; * Fisheries; * Training and Financial Services; * Education; * Tourism; and, * Community Resources. AES Nile Powver 431 March, 2001 Bufjagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clwapter 7 Taable 7.19: Impact Mitigation, Net Effects Analysis, and Effects Monitoring Activities Issue T,ocation Mitigation Measures Net Effects Monitoring! Follow-Up Macro Econonic Benefits Creation of macro Uganda Developmenit of the project in accordance with the Development of the project is No monitoring anticipated economic benefits corporate policies of AES corporation and in adherence expected to result in: to Uganda with the project agreements entered into between AESNP * Reduced electricity and the Government of Uganda rationing and associated negative effects; * Increase in investment and nationial incomile; * Increase in export revenues; * Implemiientationi of rural electrification programmes; and, * Lower energy costs to the consumer. AES Nile Power 432 March, 2001 0 * S Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit, ElI Chapter 8 8. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN The management and monitoring actions proposed to avoid or minimize impacts during construction and operation of the Bujagali Hydropower Facility were identified and detailed in Chapter 7 of this EIA. This chapter presents the specific plan for implementing the management and monitoring requirements within the framework of an Environmental Action Plan (EAP). The following principles were used to guide the preparation of the EAP: * focus on occupational health, safety, and environment risk prevention; * conformance with relevant standards, codes, and practices in the application of safe technologies; * all activities will be performed in a safe and effective manner and all equipment will be maintained in good operating condition for the protection of the health and safety of all persons and to conserve the environment and property; * all necessary precautions will be taken to control, remove, or otherwise correct any leaks and/or spills of hazardous materials, or other health and safety hazards; and, * construction of the hydropower facility will meet relevant international standards that ensure sufficient technical levels of safety. At the time this EIA was written, certain detailed plamning and design activities were still to be completed. Thus, this section describes the EAP at the level of detail available at the time of writing. When the detailed activities are completed, they will be integrated within the framework of the EAP and an update will be prepared by AESNP. Currently, the EAP addresses the following key components: * environmental management policies and systems; • mitigation plans, procedures, and programs; * monitoring activities; * implementation schedules and cost estimates; and, • plans for integrating the EAP within the overall development plan for the project. AES Nile Power 433 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 8.1 Environmental Management AESNP is the project sponsor and will have overall responsibility for design and buildin,.r of the Hydropower Facility. AESNP will own and operate the hydropower facility for a 30 year period, after which time ownership will be transferred to the Government of Uganda. A joint 7enture company, known as the Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC), will construct the hydropower facility on a turnkey Engineer, Procure and Construct (EPC) basis. Based on its previous track record on similar projects and on a commitment to environmentally sustainable construction practices, BEC has been selected to construct both the hydropower facility and the transmission system components of the Bujagali project. BEC's participating companies and their relationships were previously outlined in Chapter 5 of this EIA. BEC will be governed by the environmental policies and procedures of Skanska Intemationa l Civil Engineering (Skanska), which are the most stringent of any of BEC's participating corrpanies, and are outlined later in this EAP. On 17 November 2000, AESNP and BEC signed an EPC contract for the construction of the Bujagali Hydropower Project and Transmission System. In general tenns, under this contract, BEC is responsible for implementing the majority of the day-to-day, construction- related environmental mitigation and monitoring measures specified in Chapter 7 of this EIA, and the measures stipulated in the contract ensuring full compliance with ISO 14001 standards. Figure 8.1 shows the relationship of BEC's project plan with ISO standards and Skanska policies. AESNP will be responsible for implementing the higher-level, project-related mu igation measures such as implementation of the resettlement action plan, and for operations-related mitigation measures. This EAP addresses both the construction and operational phases of the hydropower faciliry for a 30 year period, until UEB, or its successor, assumes ownership and responsibility of the hydropower facility. AESNP will continue to meet its social responsibilities for an additional 5 years after the hydropower facility is handed over to UEB (or its successor). In other words, AESNP's support to community development projects will cover a total of 35 years. Both AESNP and BEC are committed to executing their respective responsibilities in an environmentally responsible manner and in compliance with all applicable environmental laws, regulations, and guidelines. AES Vile Power 434 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 In adopting its environmental policy, BEC will communicate its principles and intentions to each employee, as well as the nature of their individual environmental responsibilities. Where appropriate, staff training will be undertaken to ensure employees' continued environmental perforrnance. Skanska's Environmental Policy is set out in Appendix H.2. It is anticipated that approximately 10% of the unskilled labour force during the construction phase will originate from affected villages within the project area. BEC will implement a Local Training Programme that is intended to provide training facilities, in order that local unskilled, unemployed persons can obtain the skills necessary to be hired to work on the hydropower project. Appendix H.1 contains additional details. AESNP and BEC are committed to the creation and implementation of programs to reduce the probability of occurrence of deleterious environmental incidents. Contingency plans will be developed for dealing with such adverse incidents, if they occur. AESNP and BEC expect the same level of environmental performance from their agents, suppliers, and sub-contractors and will stipulate this in any legally binding agreements it enters with these parties. These measures include those specified in the EPC Contract that BEC and AESNP signed in November 2000. BEC will be under contractual obligation to AESNP to implement the aspects of the EAP that apply to it, and to ensure compliance by its own subcontractors. AESNP and BEC will ensure that appropriate corporate resources, personnel and reporting and accountability systems, are in place for the successful implementation of the EAP. AESNP and BEC will, on a continuing basis, review the objectives of the EAP as well as the company's success in achieving them. Where objectives are not being achieved, corrective action will be taken. The EAP objectives will also be modified over the life of the project, as appropriate, to reflect changing environrmental laws, regulations, standards, and techlnologies. 8.2 Relationship of the EAP to Other Project Plans The EAP is an umbrella plan that is comprised of several components that are to be integrated and implemented by AESNP and BEC with regard to the Bujagali Hydropower Facility. BEC's Project Plan (an example draft is provided for informnation purposes in Appendix H.3, integrates all of the environmental mitigation and monitoring procedures into one overriding plan. For the purposes of this EIA, the components of the Project Plan are referred to as separate sub-plans (Figure 8.2). These sub-plans will be fully integrated by BEC into the Project Plan. AESN'ile Power 435 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Figure 8.1: Relationship of BEC's Bujagali Project Plan with ISO Standards and Skanska Policies InternalPProcedur es P o s r o eo |Skanska's l'Our Weaeeofe gr8orking' I Source:~~~~~~~ Bujagali E| osrim oebr20 3 E Cooect Ptan P Thisosectvion Outlione thesomPonenaats Ctht he beesin orotill bse, geradution ordser toex Handover EreArraA on andrar first, followed by those that(aretheresponsibili Bsee ure re3 Source: Bujagali EPC (Consortium, NovembCT 2000 8.3 EAP Component Plans T his section outlines the components that have been, or will be, generated in order to execute the E:AP. The components that are the responsibility of AESNP to generate and execute are ocutlined first, followed by those that are the responsibility of BEC. 8.3.1 AESNP Environmental Manual AESNP will compile a project specific Environmental Manual that will be made available to all project staff. This manual will be completed before mobilisation of the EPC contractor. The Environmental Manual will be a stand alone, working copy of this Environmental Action Plan, and will include all cross-referenced policies, regulations, procedures and detailed mitigation and monitoring specifications such as those in Chapter 7, and the project plan of BEC. Thus, it will contain all of the relevant policies and guidelines, mitigation measures to be implemented to reduce environmental (including social and economic) impacts of the project, and monitoring activities by which the effectiveness of mitigation will be assessed. The manual will serve as a guideline to AESNP and its agents and contractors. Figure 8.2: Component Plans of the Environmental Action Plan AESNile Power 436 March, 2007 Bujagali Project Hyidropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Figure 8.2 Component Plans of the Environmental Action Plan L__ ___ ___Environmental Action Plan P Sponsor's Poiicies and Plans | Construction Contractor's Policies l . . | 1t ~d nvironmental Management Plan (CEMP)| Environmental Manual | ]Project Planl Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) Hydropower Facility Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) Resettlement and Community Development . Action Plan . Hydropower Facility (RCDAP) . Environmental Monitoring Plan i ~~~(EM oP > Resettlement Action Plan UEB Transmission System ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ (U EE MTrans (RAP) Environmental Mitigalion Plan Cultural Property Management Plan (CPMP) ._ ........... Training Plan Community Development Action Plan Traffic Management Plan (CDAP) (TMP) =. j Waste Management Plan (WMP) Pollutant Spill Contingency Plan (PSCP) UEB Transmission System Environmental Monitoring Plan (UEMoP) Health & Safety Management Plan (H&S MP) AESNP also recognises that environmental and social issues covered by the Environmental Manual will change as the project proceeds. AESNP accepts the responsibility of managing these changes in a pro-active manner on an ongoing basis. To facilitate this management responsibility, AESNP proposes to appoint an Environmental Review Panel (ERP) with whom they can consult. The ERP will meet regularly to: * review internal environmental reports: * discuss significant issues as they an'se; * make decisions about modifications to mitigation and monitoring needs and requirements; and, A ES Nile Power 437 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitv EIA Chapter 8 * advise on external reporting of ERP issues, as required. Composition of the ERP will include a broad range of stakeholder groups including comimunity members, technical representatives, the witness NGO and BEC representatives. 8.3.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP) A PCDP has been developed in order to bring continuity to the consultation and disclosure process that has been completed to date, as described in Chapter 6 of this report. The PC DP and the results generated by it to date have been used to guide the impact assessment and mi-tigation measures outlined in Chapter 7. Specific elements of the PCDP are described in Chapter 6, and will continue to be executed by AESNP, based upon the schedule set out in the PCDP. Where appropriate, the EAP will be updated by AESNP based upon the outcome of future consultation and disclosure activitie s. BEC will have a role in the consultation and disclosure process during construction, particularly with regard to disclosure of information in relation to construction scheduling, traffic management, public health and safety, and the results of environmental monitoring. 8.3.3 Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (RCDAP) In order to minimize, compensate and mitigate effects on Project-Affected Persons (PAPs), AESNP will implement the Resettlement and Community Development Action Plan (R(CDAP). The RCDAP was finalized following the public consultations that were completed on the findings of the Draft EIA. Where further revisions are required, based upon lending agency comments or ongoing consultations, they will be incorporated into the RCDAP throt gh the Change Management process outlined below. The RCDAP consists of three component plans, as follows: * The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which outlines the measures to be carried out to resettle those PAPs whose properties will be completely occupied by the project, or whose properties will no longer be economically viable units. It also outlines the measure-; to be carried out to compensate these PAPs, and PAPs who lose assets, but who will not require resettlement. AES Nile Power 438 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 * The Cultural Property Management Plan (CPMP), which outlines the measures to be carried out to manage impacts on cultural properties in the project area. * The Community Development Action Plan (CDAP), which outlines the measures to be carried out to ensure that the affected community as a whole will benefit from the presence of the project. These measures are intended to go above and beyond direct compensation for lost assets, and include strengthening of health and educational services in the area, and provision of water and electricity supplies. For further details, consult the RCDAP volume, which accompanies this EIS. 8.4 Construction Contractor's Plan The existing environmental policies and management systems of Skanska will apply to BEC's activities on site. Skanska is certified under ISO 14001, and BEC will operate an Environrmental Management System that complies with this standard, as per the contract between AESNP and BEC. Skanska's policies for control of its projects and operations are articulated in the document 'Our Way of Working' (see Appendix H.3). This document provides a synthesis of the requirements arising from ISO 14001, ISO 9001 and the company's various internal policies regarding the working environment. The controlling plan for all of BEC's activities (including environmental responsibilities) will be its Project Plan, which outlines the 'way of working' for each specific project. The relationship between the ISO standards, Skanska's policies and the Bujagali Project Plan are shown in Figure 8.2 below. BEC will develop a single, integrated Project Plan for the civil construction component of the Bujagali project, covering both the Hydropower Component and the Transmission System Component. The Project Plan will be comprised of a set of method statements covering all critical construction and environmental management tasks. The entire plan and its components are currently under preparation, and will be complete before the commencement of construction. A preliminary draft of the Project Plan is provided in Appendix H.2. Aspects covered under 'Production Phase Preparation' and 'Production Phase Control' are shown in Figure 8.3 and 8.4, respectively. A ES Nile Power 439 Malch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 This page is intentionally blank. A ES Nile Power 440 Afart di, 2001 . 9 _ _ _ _ _ S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bujagaliroject Ilydr-opo over Facility El A Chapter- 8 Figure 8.3: Example Production Phase Preparation (Source: Bujagali EPC Consortiuim, Novemiber 2000) [AT-IACI IMENT TO PROJECT PLAN OVERVIEW FLOWCHART FIG. I Producioi Phase Pepa raio M-t..gs N-urement Ql-,W ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Saeuiy Maaemn Safety Plan ContTollIng essments Womatic. W. E-i-n- wal~~~~~~~~~~~~Dcumnt Assessments ~~~~~~~Roalites Management Plan' H-aindling of lma rinin. of Tr-aiiig ofconremeo dangerous Reiet, epoesepoesTo Eng.iter To Engineer Substances ulorle Control Plan ~MSDS SueyEvreellDisposal F StorageInuio Aares TeICertificates P-oduction Method Statements Test Reports Diartes Pr-cdures KDEI Revision 0 AESNilePoiver 441 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Figure 8.4: Example Production Phase Cointrol (Soitrce: BLijagali EPC Consortium, November 2000) ATTACHMENT ITO PROJECT PLAN OVERVIEW FLOWCHART FIG. 2 Production Phase Startup Control ofControl QEW Communications Plnnn tc c rlMct ngs Meetings Subcontractor Wr Cnn_ _ Planning o | Skanska Testing Skanska Poicy Project Cost Externa Internal works Requiremnts nvee Schedule ga za On NC R ___ _ | Olganization | | I | | 3 wEeek ConAt lns Locals ResidEit4 M 0Schedule mplementa | /Authorities | Control Audits Colns | Plans || oirn,| g~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ae Qualioltiny QEW_ Handling of Dangerous| _ Substances KDE /Revision O A ES Nile Power 442 March, 2001 * 0 . Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clhapter 8 The key components of the Project Plan are outlined in the following sections. 8.4.1 Hydropower Facility Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) Within this plan, BEC will specify the mitigation measures to be implemented in relation to construction of the hydropower facility. These mitigation measures require the approval of the WB/IFC. Elements of the Project Plan's Environmental Mitigation Plan that will address environmental issues are set out in the following subsections. 8.4.1.1 TrafJic/AccessManagement Plan (TMP) Within 30 days of the Project Commencement Date (defined as the date of project approval by lenders), BEC will produce a Traffic Management Plan (TMP) that contains appropriate strategies for moving materials and persons to, from and within construction areas, including abnormal loads. It will also contain provisions for management of connection points between site access roads and the main public highways, and for any upgrading work to be carried out. Specific traffic managcmcnt measures will include, but not be limited to, those provided in Chapter 7. The TMP will also specify the procedures for monitoring construction-generated traffic movements, and environmental problems arising therefrom. 8.4.1.2 Waste Management Plan (WMP) Within 30 days of the Project Commencement Date, BEC will produce a Waste Management Plan (WMP), which will be incorporated into the overall Project Plan for dealing with waste generated as a result of construction. The WMP will specify provisions for disposal, re-use or recycling of solid waste, hazardous waste, foul and process water. Specific waste management measures will include, but not be limited to, those provided in Chapter 7. A waste management plan from a previous, similar project is provided in Appendix H.4 as an example of the WMP to be developed for this project. 8.4.1.3 Pollutant Spill C.ontingency Plan (PSCP) Within 30 days of the Project Commencement Date, BEC will produce a Pollutant Spill Contingency Plan, which will be incorporated into the overall Project Plan on the proper handling of pollutant spills and procedures to be taken in the event of a pollutant spill. It will A.ES Aile Power 443 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 also specify equipment procurement and training of construction personnel. Specific pollution management measures will include, but not be limited to, those provided in Chapter 7. 8.4.2 Hydropower Facility Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) Within 30 days of the Project Commencement Date, BEC will prepare the EMoP for consr.ruction of the hydropower facility. The EMoP will identify the construction-related monitoring objectives and specify the type of monitoring required to achieve the obligations set ow in this EIA, as well as the obligations specified in the EPC Contract, and the appropriate locati.ns and equipment to be used. Specifically, the EMoP will identify: * environmental issues; * parameters to be monitored; * monitoring methodology including locations, equipment, frequency etc; * threshold limits that trigger corrective action; * reporting procedures; and, * responsibility for monitoring (within EPC team). BEC will monitor the parameters set out in the EMoP to ensure that the perfonnance of the Works complies with the threshold limits which trigger intervention, including relevant Ugandan standards (e.g., noise limits), performance standards of key lenders and internal corporate performance standards. 8.4.3 Health and Safety Management Procedures Health and Safety Management procedures will be prepared that address all Ugandan Health and Safety Standards, as well as the Health and Safety guidelines of the World Bank Group. incltuding: * workplace noise; * workplace air quality; * electrical safety in the workplace; * working in confined spaces; * general workplace health and safety; and, * personnel training. AES Nile Power 444 Mari h, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilit, EIA Chapter 8 The procedures will include internal incident tracking and a corrective action programme to prevent recurrence of any incidents that may occur. BEC will be responsible and accountable for the actions of its company and employees. These responsibilities will be incorporated into the contract documents consistent with the recommendations of the EAP. 8.4.4 Bujagali Transmission System Environmental Mitigation Plan (UEMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (UMoP) BEC's Project Plan for the construction of the Bujagali Transmission System - referred to in the EPC contract as the UEB Transmission System -- will incorporate a UEB Transmission System Environmental Mitigation Plan (UEMP) and UEB Transmission System Monitoring Plan (UEMoP). The UEMP and UEMoP will specify the measures to be implemented by BEC before, during and after construction of the transmission system, in order to mitigate the potential environmental impacts of the project. Details of the plans are set out in the Bujagali Transmission System EIS Report. The UEMP and UEMoP are mentioned here in order to set them in the context of the single combined Project Plan for the Bujagali project. Complete details are provided in the (separate) Transmission System EIS which accompanies this hydropower facility EIA. 8.5 Implementation of the Environmental Action Plan This section outlines the commitments of AESNP and BEC in relation to the staff resources, team structures and reporting lines required to implement the EAP. It also outlines the system for internal and external reporting and auditing in relation to environmental matters, and the proposed Change Management system that will be used to assess and manage the environmental impacts of future changes in project scope. 8.5.1 AESNP's Commitments and Resourcing In order to discharge its commitments with respect to management of biophysical impacts of the project, AESNP will designate a suitably qualified and experienced Environmental Manager, acceptable to NEMA. The Environmental Manager's key responsibilities will include the following: * point of contact for the Construction Contractor's Site Environmental Officer; * ensuring that all environmental protection procedures are followed as planned; AES AVile Power 445 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hyvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 • review and approval of the Environrnental components of the Construction Conrractor's Project Plan; * auditing the UEMoP; * liaison with members of the public, local organisations and governmental and non- governmental organisations; * liaison with other businesses potentially affected by the project; and, * reporting results of mitigation and monitoring activities to NEMA, the lenders ard other applicable parties. The Environmental Manager shall report directly to AESNP's Implementation Manager, and will be provided with sufficient support staff and facilities to allow all of AESNP's envirolnmental commitments to be discharged appropriately. The Environmental Manager and his team will be members of the overall Implementation Team for the project. The planned structure for the overall Implementation Team is outlined in Figure 8.5. Further details of the staff requlred for implementation of compensation, resettlement, cultural property management and community development plans are provided in the accompanying RCDAP. AES Nile Power 446 Marcei, 2001 E E '2~~~~~~~~~~ I.T? 2,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a -2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D 2 5 M u A~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 CC~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .~~ ~~~~~~ 2 X t~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E2, t Z L k W 0 H H U 2 2 C Bujagali Project ljvdropower Facility EL4 Chapter 8 The Environmental Manager's Team will be charged with management of issues in relation to the biophysical environment. With regard to the hydropower facility, these fall into two broad areas: the construction environment and the operational environment. A Task Manager will be appointed to deal with each of these. Construction environment issues are those short-term issues arising directly from construction activities, e.g. traffic, noise, air quality and waste issues. The Operational Environment Task Manager will be responsible for management of long-term and non-construction related issues including fisheries and agriculture. Staff requirements for management of transmission system issues are outlined in the separate EAP for the transmission system. Details of activities to be carried out by the Socio-Economic Environment Team are provided in the RCDAP, which accompanies this EIA. A detailed plan for the tasks to be undertaken by the Environmental Department is shown in Figure 8.7. 8.5.2 BEC's Commitments and Resourcing BEC will designate an appropriately qualified Site Environmental Officer (SEO) acceptable to AESNP and NEMA, who will be responsible for implementation of the measures set out in the EMP and EMoP. The SEO's key responsibilities will include the following: * ensuring that all environmental protection procedures are followed; * co-ordination of environmental monitoring of site-related activities in respect of the obligations of BEC's obligations; * liaison and reporting with the Environmental Manager; * the monitoring of hazardous substances on-site to ensure that the possibility of accidental release is minimised: • ensuring, where appropriate, that monitoring equipment required for the execution of the obligations of BEC are calibrated and maintained as required; * promoting on-site environmental awareness; * liaison with other businesses and industry; and, * maintaining an Environmental Management System based on ISO 14001. A ES Nile Power 449 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 There may be occasions where BEC considers that outside bodies are required for specia.]ist monitoring, training or consultation purposes. AESNP will be responsible for contacting any external parties, while the SEO shall co-ordinate any site-related monitoring conducted by those outside bodies and all monitoring results provided to BEC shall be reported directl y to the Environmental Manager. An alternative title for the SEO is the Environment/Working Environment (EWE) Manager. Skanska's preliminary job description for the EWE Manager is included in Appendix H.5. The proposed structure of the EWE Department (to be headed by the SEO/EWE Manager-) is outlined in Figure 8.6. The EWE Field Inspectors will be appointed during the mobilisation phase, and will be local staff with relevant environmental/engineering experience, who are fluent in local languages. The number of field inspectors may be adjusted upwards according to the environmental issues on-site. The EWE Manager will have overall responsibility for the activities of the EWE department. On a day-to-day basis the emphasis of his work will be upon liaison with AESNP's Environmental Manager, and with relevant authorities, local residents and NGOs on environrnental issues (i.e. external liaison). The responsibility for day-to-day managemerit of the field team will be devolved to the EWE Field Co-ordinator. The field team will comprise Field Inspectors, supported by drivers and labourers. The Field Inspectors will maintam a permanent presence on-site, carrying out routine checks of operating procedures and environmental monitoring as specified in Chapter 7. A ES AYile Power 450 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility, EIA Chapter 8 Figure 8.6: BEC Environment/Working Environment Department Organisation Chart Environment/Working Environment Manager Environmental Mapping/Documentation _ Environment/Working Environment Field Co-ordinator lx Driver 2 x Labourers 3 No. 4 x 4 Vehicles EWE Engineer EWE Field Inspector EWE Field Inspector |EWE Field Inspector Bujagali Site Office Bujagali Site Bujagali Site Transmission System 8.5.3 Reporting Lines And Decision-Making Reporting the results of environmental monitoring allows the responsible agencies to identify if any mitigation measure is not being effective and will enable corrective action to be taken. During construction, AESNP will have the ultimate responsibility to ensure environmental reporting procedures are being undertaken. The monitoring programme specified in Chapter 7 requires recurrent and ad hoc inspections and surveys for different parameters. A set of pro forma report documents will be drawn up and used by the Environmental Manager and SEO for recording the findings of these, and if necessary, reporting any exceptions to NEMA and project lenders. These documents may be inspected and/or audited by NEMA and project lenders from timc to time, in accordance with the above statute. A sample pro forma for monthly site inspections has been drawn up by BEC and is included in Appendix H.6. On a quarterly basis, the SEO will provide the Environmental Manager with a report containing monitoring results (and a summary of these), a synopsis of environmental issues encountered, and the efficacy of solutions to these issues. Extracts from a sample quarterly environmentaL report produced by Skanska (for a pipeline project in Zimbabwe) are provided in Appendix H.7. The Environmental Manager will use these as the basis for AESNP's AES Nile Power 451 March, 2001 Bujagali Project H-ydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 7). AESNP's quarterly reports will also include commentary on the implementation and efficacy of environmental mitigation actions implemented by AESNP. The ESRP will hold quarterly meetings, which will follow the issuance of quart:erly environmental reports by the Environmental Manager. These meetings will be the forum for discussion of environmental issues, and decision-making with regard to further mitigation, monitoring, or changes to construction practices. The Environmental Manager will provide annual environrmental reports both to NEMA (as a requirement of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations) and to the lenders. This will provide an opportunity for NEMA and the Lenders to comment both on the impacts of the project itself and the efficacy of the EAP. Where necessary, the EAP will be updated. A limited number of hard copies of the quarterly reports will be made available to local stakeholders at AESNP's Jinja and Kampala offices. In addition, AESNP and WBG will iDost the reports on their websites. All monitoring and reporting documents will be kept on file for the life of the project, and will not be disposed of without permission from NEMA. 8.5.4 Environmental Auditing Auditing of the environmental compliance of the project will be carried out at two levels: internal and external. AESNP will carry out animual internal audits of its compliance with the requirements of the EAP, and any other environmental requirements, such as those imposed by NEMA and/or the lenders. The responsibility for implementing these audits will lie with the Environmental Manager, who may elect to employ external Consultants. Audits of implementation of the RCDAP are outlined separately in the RCDAP report. Internal audits are also a requirement of the Environmental Management System, to be implemented as a requirement of Skanska's ISO 14001 certification. Skanska has trained more than 500 auditors and inspectors for this work. Audits will be carried out at a minimum frequency of six months. External audits of BEC's environrmental compliance will be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Skanska's ISO 14001 certification. A ES Nile Power 452 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter & External audits of BEC's environmental compliance will be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Skanska's ISO 14001 certification. It is a requirement of NEMA and the lenders that annual environmcntal reports ('self- auditing') be submitted for review. The Environmental Manager will be responsible for compiling and submitting these reports, and will consult with NEMA to determine any additional mitigation measures or monitoring that is considered to be required. Self-audit reports will be compiled from internal and external audits carried out by both AESNP and BEC. It should be noted that the EIA Regulations require the names and qualifications of persons carrying out 'self-auditing' to be approved by the Executive Director of NEMA. Therefore the Environmental Manager and the SEO/EWE Manager will have to be approved by NEMA before official appointment. 8.5.5 Change Management During the implementation of the project, change may be required to address unforeseen or unexpected conditions or situations. A change management process will be applied to ensure environmental and social issues are addressed as part of any significant changes to project procedures, processes, design or activities. Both AESNP and BEC will be responsible for managing changes within their respective areas of responsibility. AESNP will incorporate into its Environmental Manual, and BEC will incorporate into its project plan, a change management process similar to the following. 1. Identification of item/situation potentially requiring change. 2. Preparation of a Change Request Document that: a. Outlines the nature of the item/situation requiring change; b. Outlines impacts of the change (e.g., cost, schedule, safety, operability); and c. Identifies potential biophysical, socio-economic, or health concerns. 3. Review of the Change Request for compatibility with AESNP's environmental manual or BEC's Project Plan, as applicable: a. At the task manager level for minor changes; b. By the Environmental Review Panel for significant changes; c. Review and approval by NEMA and WB/IFC for significant changes. 4. Documentation of the approval or rejection of the change request. AES Nile Powver 453 Afarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Jvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 5. Application for, and receipt of, any approvals required to effect the change under Ugandan Law. 6. Implementation of the approved change, including communication to appropriate parties concerning the nature, scope, and timing of the change. 7. Summary of project changes and status to be included in quarterly reports to the Environmental Review Panel, NEMA and lenders. 8.6 Responsibilities and Costs for Environmental Mitigation Measures Table 8.1 below outlines the overall package of environmental mitigation measures that vill be implemented in relation to the Bujagali hydropower facility (as outlined in detail in Chapter 7). The table also assigns general responsibilities for implementing each group of mitigation measures. Details of the responsibilities for implementing individual mitigation measures are provided on the timelines in Figure 8.7. The detailed timelines provided in Figure 8.7 show the timing of environmental and sozial mitigation measures that will be carred out, in relation to the construction and operational activities that necessitate the mitigation measures. The columns on the left hand side of the figure show the budget cost for each activity, and the responsibility for its implementation. Consistent with the Bujagali Project's contracting strategy of integrating environmeintal protection and mitigation activities into the EPC Contractor's Scope of Work, the specifications for many of the activities were included in the bid package upon which EEC has developed its base rates. Therefore, since many of the costs associated with environmental protection and mitigation activities are included in BEC's base rates, it is not possible to present a detailed accounting of all the monies devoted to the project's construction phase environmental protection and mitigation activities. These costs are therefore described as 'Within construction budget' in Table 8. 1, but reported as $0 in Figure 8.7. Similarly, mitigation or monitoring measures that will be carried out by AESNP staff, with no additional expenditure required, are described as 'Within operational budget' in Table 8.1, and reported as $0 within Figure 8.7. AES Nile Power 454 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Note: details of responsibilities, timescales and costs for individual activities are provided in Figure 8.7. Table 8.1. General Responsibilities for Environmental Mitigation Measures Issue Action/s Location Responsibility Estimated Cost (USD) Compensation! Implement RAP Affected properties at AESNP II million Resettlement of PAPs Bujagali Cultural Property Implement CPMP Affected villages AESNP 125,000 Management Community Implement CDAP Affected villages AESNP 1.8 million Development Environmental Appoint Environmental To operate from AESNP 300,000 (5 yrs) Management Manager AESNP Jinja/Kampala offices Appoint Site To operate from BEC Within construction Environmental Officer Bujagali site office budget Environmental Review Fomi/chair Meetings at AESNP AESNP 20,000 Environmental Review Jinja office Panel Review annual self- Karnpala! Washington NEMA!IFC Within EIA fee monitoring reports from DC AESNP Environmental Quarterly construction Jinja BEC (SEO) Within SEO salary Reporting monitoring reports to Environmental Manager Quarterly monitoring Jinja AESNP Within reports to ERP. NEMA (Environmental Environmental and lendcrs Manager) Manager's salary Submit annual self- Jinja/Kampala AESNP Within monitoring reports to (Environmental Environmental ERP. NEMA and lenders Manager) Manager's salary Economic and social As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali site, AESNP and Included in project effects, other than surrounding villages BEC (as budget (plus Social physical and economic and Jinja specified in Responsibility fund) displacement Chapter 7) Forest loss, and bird Gazette and re-plant Remaining islands AESNP 20,000 roosting sites on remaining islands with (Forest/vetland Bujagali islands native species Task Manager) Ecotourisml recreation Tourism development Bujagali, Jinja and AESNP (Task 150,000 measures as specified in surrounding area. Manager - Chapter 7 Operational Environment) Traffic -related issues As specified in Chapter 7 West and east bank BEC (SEO) in Within construction highways, site access consultation budget roads, Mombasa to with AESNP Jinja highway (Environmental Manager) Construction noise As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction BEC (SEO) Within construction site budget Air quality As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction BEC (SEO) Within construction site budget Erosion control As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction BEC (SEO) Within construction site budget Erosion control As specified in Chapter 7 Reservoir margins AESNP TBD (depends on extent of erosion) Effluent disposal As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction BEC (SFO) Within construction AES Nile Power 455 M1arch, 2001 Bujagali Project 1Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Table 8.1. General Responsibilities for Environmental Mitigation Measures Issue Action/s Location Responsibility Estimated Cost (USD) site budget Solid waste As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction BEC (SEO) Within construction management site budget Hazardous waste As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagati construction BEC (SEO) Within construCti(:n management site budget Archaeology As specified in Chapter 7 Bujagali construction AESNP Within construction site (Environmental budget Manager) and BEC (SEO), in agreement with Antiquities Dept Residents' access to Maintain access as Upstream and BEC (SEO) Within constructicn river specified in Chapter 7 downstream of site budget during diversion Alternative drinking Options to be determined Kikubamutwe and AESNP See RCDAP water supplies (see RCDAP) Namizi villages Residents' access to Provide alternative Buloba, Kikubamutwe AESNP 114,000 boat/fish landing sites landing sites as specified and Namizi villages (preliminary in Chapter 7 estimate) Occupational Health As specified in Chapters Bujagali construction BEC (H&S Within construction and Safety 5 & 7 site, public highways Manager) budget Occupational Health As specified in Chapters Bujagali power station AESNP Within operational and Safety 5 & 7 and switchyard overheads HIV/AIDS Mitigation As specified in Chapter 7 Construction site BEC (H&S Within construction (clinic) and Jinja Manager) budget expatriate camp (Owen Falls Extension camp) Malaria nsk to Make anti-malarials Bujagali construction BEC (Site Within construction expatriate workers available to expatriate clinic and Jinja Doctor) budget staff expatriate camp Schistosomiasis vector Clear floating vegetation Reservoir AESNP Within operational habitat budget Public Safety and As specified in Chapters Public highways and BEC (SEO) Within construction Security 5 & 7 access roads budget Public Safety and As specified in Chapter 7 Access roads and AESNP Within operational Security reservoir budget Institutional As specified in Chapter 8 Various AESNP 55,000 for initial Strengthening assessment (monitoring agencies) Institutional Assess need prior to Bujagali HPP site, and AESNP TBD (funded fron, Strengthening (Plant handover to tJEB. UEB Kampala office Bujagali HPP and Environmental operating budget) Management within UEB) AES Nile Power 456 March, 2001 Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-I Year 1 Year 2 Year3 Year 4 YearS Year 6 Year 7 Year B ID Task Name _ __ _ Cost Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Qtr 1 9tr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Qtr 19tr2Qtr3 Qr4tr r 1Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtrt4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr Otr 1 Qtr2lQtr3Qtr4 Qtr I Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Qtrl Qtr2OQtr3Qtr4Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 1 Approval of Project by Lenders $0 2 Resettlement Action Plan $1 1,129,790 3 Appoint witness NGO $0 4 Appoint Legal Counsel $0 5 Compensation process preparation/Consultation $0 6 Prepare household files from database $0 NP 7 Calculation of amount owing $0 ESN. 8 Check $0 ESN 9 Develop detailed consultat,on/disclosure methodology $0 ,ESNI' 10 Disclosure of options at LC levels $0 EON It Preparabon of schedule for Individual disclosure $0 12 Individual disclosure of compensation options $0 { i NP 13 Update of database with disclosure/consultaton results $0 A E SNP 14 Agreement on compensabon certificates $0 EON 15 Resentlement process preparation $0 16 Determine residents to resettle from disclosure results $0 A ESNF 17 Determine resentled residents who need building construacon $0 A ESNf 10 Frealize aoquisition of resettlemnent land On West Bank $0 Al fNP 19 Finalize plot pattem of resedlement areas on West Bank $0 /ESNh 20 Agree with concemed PAPs on resethement plots on West Bank $0 iESN! 21 East Bank resettlement land aquired $0 22 Host Community Development Programme fihalized $0 23 Implementation plan finalized for vunerable peop e $0 24 Land Acquisition process preparation $0 t 25 Identity all persons concemed by Section 40 (Land Act) consents $0 L A ESNP' 26 Obtain Section 40 (Land Act) consents together with comp. cert. $0 %ESNP 27 Cash compensation S0 28 Notice to vacate $0 29 Cash compensabon payment 5 0 ESNP 30 Moving of cash compensated people (West Bank) $0 ESNP 31 Moving of cash compensated people (from East Bank to West Bank) $0 , ESNP 32 Moving of resegtled people (East Bank) $0 1 2 AESNP 33 Resettlement $0 34 Construcbon of resettlement buildings $0 2 AESNP 35 Notice to nacate $0 Project: Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) | Task Milestone * Summary ' Rolled up task Oate: Fri 4/6h01 * Cost for sumrnary tasks includes 10% cootingency for component plans Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year -1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 ID Task Name Cost ;Qtr I Otr 3t Q tr4t tr1Qt2tr Itr r3 lr4,Qtr1 Qtr2 9tr3 Qtr4 Qtr I Qtr2Otr3Qtr4 OtrlQtr2tr3Qtr4Otr ItrStr3Qtr4 OtrI Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Otr I Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 36 Cash compensation payment where applicable $0 ESNP 37 Moeng of nsettled people (West Bank) $0 .ESNP 38 Moving of resettled people (from East Bank to West Bank) $0 ESNP 39 Moving of resettled people (within East Bank) $0 AESNP 40 Assistance during moving and transition period $0 AESNP 41 Witness NGO activity $0 42 Witness consualation and disclosure meetings $0 itn NGO 43 Witness cash compensation payment $0 tne NGO 44 Witness resettlement $6 Witness NOO 45 Witness grievance procedure $0 , Witness NGO 46 Independent evaluation $0 47 1st mission $0 Independent Evaluator i 48 2nd mission (2 years after implementation completion) $0 . Independent Evaluator 49 Cultural Property Management Plan $125,000 , 50 Interdenominatfonal remembrance service $0 | ESNP 51 Appoint consultants for community level mitigahtn $0 52 Consult with villages $0 'tESN 53 Prepare programme for transfer and settlement ceremonies $0 L F NP 54 Implement transfer and settlement ceremonies $0 ESNP 55 Cultural awareness training of construction staff $0 BEC 56 Construction Activities $0 . 57 Start of construction So 58 Mobillsation $0 59 Contractor commences site work so 60 AccesslHaul roads $0 BEC 61 Site Installations $6 :BEC 62 Batching plants $0SEC 63 Cnusher BEC 64 aQuarry preparation $s BEC 65 Diversion $0 66 Stage 1 Diversion $0 .r SJBEC 67 Stage 2 Diversion $0 - _ | , .SEC 68 Powerstation construction $0 . 69 Mantfact-nng/Engineeing start $0 70 Foundation excavation $ ,EC' Project: Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) Task Milestone * Summary ' - Rolled up task Date Fri 41/016 . Cost for sumTnary tasks includes 10% contingency for component plaTns Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-i Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year5 Year 6 Year 7 YearS8 ID Task Name Cost Qtr 1 tr2tr Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr 3 Otr4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2tr 3 tr 4 Otr1_tr2Qtr 3Otr4 Qtr_Qtr 2, tr3Qtr4 Otr2Qtr3tr4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr 9tr4 tr,1_tr2Qtr 3 Otr4 Qtr_Qtr2 r3 71 Unit 1 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace $0 ,EC 72 Unit 2 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace $0 'EC la 73 Unit 3Powerhouse,lIntake& Tailrace $0 ,| L E 74 Unit 4 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace $0 BEC 75 Unit 5 Powerhouse, Intake & Tailrace (optional) $0 .EC 76 Spillway construction $0 77 E&MICivil works $0 78 Tallwater Excavation $0 79 Tamlwater Excavation $6 80 Dam construction 50 81 Dumbbell Island $0 82 West Bank $0 83 East Bank $0 64 Reservoir illing $. 85 Bujagall Switchyard Construction $0 ' 86 Civil Works $0 87 Electrcal Installaton $0 'EC 88 Commissloning $0 89 Dry, wet and performance tests $0 90 Environmental Mitigation Plan $95,000 q | 91 Environmental Management and Review $20,000 |: 92 Appoint Environmental Manager $0 , 93 Appoint EWE Manager/SEO $0 94 Form Environmental Review Panel $20,000 AES, 95 Environmental Planning $0 |. 96 Develop Project Plan $0 L B 97 Develop Environmental Manual $° | K A P 98 Develop detailed Construction Plan $0 E E EC 99 Develop Waste Management Plan $0 . |EC 100 Develop Traffic Management Plan $0 tE:EC 101 Develop Training Plan $0 C IEC 102 Commence Training Plan implementation $0 103 Develop Pollutant Spill Contingency Plan $0 C a B 104 Detailed Enviroamental Mapping $0 , C B 105 Site Facilities $ Project: Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) 1 Task Milestone * Summary ------ Rolled up task Date: Fri 4/6/01 Cost for sunmmary tasks includes 10% contingency for component plans Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Years Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 ID Task Name Cost Otr 1Qtr2 Otr Qtr4Otr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qt4t 2_Qtr 3 Qtr4 Qtr 1 ttr2 Qtr23tr4 OtrI Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Qtr 1 Otr2 Qtr4 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr 3Qtr4 Qtr 1 9tr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 106 Definelconstruct pedestrian access routes to Nile $0 107 Construct site effluent treatment plant $0 BEC ' 108 Constrmctsedimentation basic $0 BEC 109 Forest habitat and biodiversity $20,000 : . 11 O Assist Forest Department to gazente remaining Bujagali islands $10,000 ESNP 111 Enrichment planting of remaining Bujagali islands $10,000 NP 112 Archaeology $0 ' 113 ConceIt Dept of Antiquities $0 , 114 Develop archaeology component of tramning plan $0 EC 115 Site reinstatement $0 1 1t6 Landscape/replant quarry and borow areas $0 :C 117 Rehabilitabon of temporary land take aea $0 BEC 1 18 Access to fisheries during operaflon $0 119 Providefrxed or floating landing sites $0 ESI i 120 Institutional Strengthening $55,000 121 Consultations with UEB, Forest Dept and Local Authorities $5,000 ESNP 122 Develop and implement lnst StrengtheningfTA programs $50.000 I ESNP 123 Environmental Monitoring Plan $245,000 q 124 Baseline Monitoring $105,000 w . 125 Baseline water quality monitoring $20,000 126 Baselice water quality montoring 1 $5.000 F1 AESNP 127 Baseline water quality montonng 2 $5,000 C ABES P 128 Baseline water quality monitoring 3 $5,000 E AESNP 129 Basetine water quality moitonring 4 $5,000 , AESN:. 130 Baseline aquatic ecologylflsheries monitoring $80,000 131 Baseline aquatic ecology/fisheries monitoring 1 $20,000 C AESNP 132 Baseline aquatic eclogy(tisheries monitonng 2 $20,000 El AES lP 133 Baseline aquatic ecologylfisheries monitoring 3 $20,000 AESNP 134 Baseline aquatc ecology/lfisheres monitoring 4 $20,000 |l AESNP 135 Baseline tourism monitoring $5,000 136 Construction Monitoring $10,000 - .- 137 Water quality monitoring downstream in le $0 . i 138 Effluent qeafity monitoring $0 _ i - :BEC 139 Water table level (if groundwater used by BEC) $0 B E _- i i _ BEC 1 t40 Constmcton Noise $0 L I I I I I =i_| = BEC Project. Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) Task Milestone * Summary * - Rolled up task Date Fri 4/6101 Cost for sumrnary tasks includes 10% contingency for component plans C5 z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C z~~~~~~~~~~~ 20 0L 4~~~~~~~~~ U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L o LU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~u L z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U L CO C =Z---- - - EON 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c LI)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~( o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c 0) 0 a)) CD aI) E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E C II 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0) 5 000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E 9 ~~~~~~~ -- --~~~~E o 9CC 5~~~~~~~~~~- No 5 C~ CC E -O 000 E E E L o 0 CC C a CC CCC 52 -~ S -~ ~ a 00~ N N 000000 N-2 E E 5 C 0 CC CC S 00 -'5 CC CC E -- a 0000000 CC 0 .5 5 S S e C m 0 U U ~~~~~~~~~~c 0 :2~~~~~ - . U 0 0 0 0 -- - - - - .5 _ E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . C C C C C S - 0 0 C C C C 0 0 0 ~ - CC 5- - ~ - 0 0 C6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0~ ~0 0 0 0 0 0 0C oS S S S S 5 5 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CC0 S C O 29 90 hi~ E 0.-s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 000000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2mL _ 0LL ~ 0C C 0 0 0 ~ 9 9 Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-1 Year 1 _ Year 2 Year3 Year 4 YearS Year 6 Year 7 Year8 ID Task Name G ---Cost Qtr 1tGtr2 2Qtr 3 0tr04 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr3 Qtr 4 lIQtr 1_QtrS2 Qtr 3Qtr 4 Otr 1 i tr 2 Gtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr l_0tr 2 trG3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 20Otr 3 Qtr 4 itr l Qtr 2 Qtrtr3 Gtr4 Gir 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr 3 176 Establishment of trees on Bujagaei islands4 $0 AESNP 177 Establishment of trees on Bujagali islands 5 $0 AESNP 178 Establishment of trees on Buiagali islands 6 $0 AEE P 179 Establishment of trees on Bujagali islands 7 $0 AESNP 180 Establshlment of trees on Bujagali islands 6 $0 AES P 181 Commence post-construction tourism monitoring in Jinja $5,000 182 Environmental Reporting & Review $10,000 1t3 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager $0 164 Quarterly reports to Environmertal Manager 1 $0 BEG 185 Quarterty reports to Envinonmental Manager 2 $0 , + BEC 186 Quartedy reports to Environmental Manager 2 $0 BEG 187 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 4 80 BLtlECG 186 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 3 $0 . BEG 18 Quarlterly reports to Environmental Manager 8 $0 BEG 190 GOuarterly reports to Environmental Manager 7 0 : BEG 191 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 8 $0 BEG 18 Ge Qarlerly reports to Enviroa meatal Manager 8 280 BEG.|. B 189 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 16 $0 BEG 198 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 12 $0 BE 198 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 14 $.0 BE 188 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 15 80 BEG 189 Quarterly reports to Environmental Manager 16 $0 BEG 200 Quarterly reports to ERP S0 . . $0 281 Qsarterly rnpor1s to ERP' 1 $O80jEsN 202 Gearlerly reports to ERP 2 $0 : | AE8NIP. i 203 Qsartei1y reports to ERP 5 S0 . AE P: i 204 Quarterly reports to ERP 4 80 t AESNP: : | 205 Quarterly reports to ERP 5 S0 . .aagr AE2 NP : 286 Quarterly reports to ERP 8 $0 E P 207 Quarterly reports to ERP 7 80 . | BAEE JP i $0 208 Quarterly reports to ERP 8 80 Manager | AE P | 2089 Quarterly reports to ERP 8 0E P 210 Quartedy reports to ERP 10 0 E _ ESNP Project. uydro consolidated Plan (88) Task - tilestove * Semiary Rolled sp task Dale: Fri 4/6101 20Cost for eumtary tasks inclodes 10% cootingency for component plans Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 YearFS Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 ID Task Name Cost _ tQtr tQtr 2Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr Qtr 2 Qtr 3 tr4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr1 Qtr9Qtr 3SQtr 4 Qtr 1 ? Q2tr 3 Qtr 4Qtr 1 Qtr2Qtr 3tr4tr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3,Qtr 4Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr t 9tr 2 9tr 3 211 Quarterly reports to ERP 11 $0 AE p 40i 212 Quarterly reports to ERP 12 $0 P 213 Quarterly reports to ERP 13 $0 E p 214 Quarterly reports to ERP 14 $0 AES NP 215 Quartedy reports to ERP 15 $0 AE P 216 Quarterly reports to ERR 16 $0 AESNP 217 ERP meetings $0 218 ERP meeting 1 $0 AE PIE RP 219 ERPmeeting2 $0 AEs PIE RP 220 ERP meeting 3 $0 ,AES PIESRP 221 ERP meeting 4 $0 TAES P/E RP 222 ERP meeting 5 $0 IE; 223 ERP meeting 6 $0 AES PIE RP 224 ERP meeting 7 $0 AES P/EjRP 225 ERR meeting 6 $0 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AES}PIE,RP 225 ERP meeting 8 $0 AP/ES iRP 227 ERP meetieg 9 $0 AES QPiERP 227 ERP meeting 10 $0 A, ERP : ^ i 22B ERP meeting 11 $0 . t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~AESi P/Et RP , 228 ERP meeting 12 $0 tA S PIE$RP 230 ERR meeting 13 $0 | | I AiESfAPIE RP 231 ERP meeting 14 $0 -E iRP $0 ~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AES PIE R 232 ERP meeting 15 .AE PIESRP 233 ERP meeting 16 $0 AESNPIESRP 234 Prepare Annual Environmental Reports $20,000 235 AR1 $2,500 AESNP 230 AR2 $2,500 ESNP 237 AR3 $2,500 AESNP 238 AR4 $2,500 AESNP 239 Annual Environmental Reports to NEMA/Lenders $0 | 240 Annual Environmental Reports to NEMA 1 $0 . ESNP 241 Annual Environmental Reports to NEMA 2 $0 . ESNP 242 Annual Environrnental Reports to NEMA 3 $0 S. SNP 243 Annual Environmental Reports to NEMA 4 $0 7AESNP 244 Review annual envIronmental reports $0 245 Review annual environmental reports 1 $0 ' , . rNMAILender | Project. Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) Task r Milestone * Summary Rolled up task Date: Mon 419101 Cost for sutmtnary tasks includes 10% contingency for component plans ' C3 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---- ----- --- --- -- ------- ------ -- 03 CC) -J -j 0.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- ----------- o ~~~~~~~~~z U) ~ ~ 4,U o 5 ~~~~~~:- -tc~~~~~~~~~~I '- 02 I U) CO '- 2 8~~~~~~~~~ a) E' E E6 06 0) ~ ~ ~ o t - ; : t~~~~~~~~~ a ; w a. I -R C: a) S 2 2 0) a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a) C , ~ 0L Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year-1 Year 1 Year 2 Year3 Year4 YearS Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 ID Tack Name Cost OtrlO tr 2Otr 3Otr 4 (Stri 0tr2 Qtr 3 Otr 4Otrl tr 2Otr 3Qtr 4Otr iOtr 2Otr 3 0tr-406tr1 OtrZtOtr 3 Jtr 4QtrlIQtr 2 0r3QtrSO4 Qtrl tr 2 Qtr 3 Ctr 40tr 1 Qtr 2 trS3Otr 4Otrl tr 2 tr 3 281 5th meeting with 8 affected villages $0 ESNP 282 Drillieg works $56,000 .trillin Contractor 283 Drilling works commissioning S ydrogsn - Drilling Cont. 284 Determination of handpump installation level $0 ESNP 285 Handpump installation $16,000 ritlng Contractor 286 Caretaker training $0 ESNP 287 Post installation lst meeting with villages $0 ESNP 288 Post installation 2nd meehng with villages $0 tAESNP 289 Electricity Supply' $300,000 290 Consultation with UEB and 8 villages $20,000 ESNP 291 Technical studies, works supewision, commissioning $30,000 AESNP 292 Land acquisibon $go 293 Appointment of contractor $0 294 Provision of transformers, poles, conductors $220,000 ElectrIcal Contractor 295 Commissioning and connection to households $0 EectrIcal Contractor 298 Fisheries Development' $281,580 . _' 287 Consultation with Fisheries Associations $10,000 AESN 298 Draft detailed plan and budget $0 AESNP 299 Provision of Equipment $25,000 ' ' ESNP 300 Training $10,000 ESN 301 Technical studies & provision of landing facilities $120,000 ESNP 302 Start monitoring programme $100,000 303 Training and Financial Services' 811.0800 304 Selectionltramng of traisers $40.000 . : IESN 305 Certificabon of selected trainers $0 ES : 300 "Farming as a business" training session $0 E PlTralners 307 Additional training in business $0 : HCAE NPfTrainers' 308 Seleccon of MFI for credit line loans $0 ' 'E NP 309 Seoiing up of Saving and credit village associabons $0 ESNP 310 Seoiing up of eligibility cvteta for loans $0 ESNP 311 Implementation of the credit line $50,000 AESNP 312 Technical assistance and follow-up $10,000 AESNP 313 Education $420,000 314 Consultation with resideeta $0 AESNP 315 Finalise and agree specific proposals $0 , AESNPN; Project: Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) Task Milestone * Summary - Rolled up task Date: Fri 413@01 Cost for sunimary tasks includes 1 0% . contingency for component plans Figure 8.7: Timeline of Hydropower Compensation, Resettlement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Community Development Activities Year -1 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 ID Task Name Cost otr1 Otr2Qtr3 Otr4 Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4:Qtr1 Qtr2Qtr3 Qtr4Qtr I Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4 tr Qtr 2 Qtr3 Qtr4Qtr 1Qtr2Qtr3 Qtr4 Qtr 2 Qtr3 Qtr4 Qtr I Qtr 2 Qtr 3Qtr4-Qtr 1 Qtr2 Qtr3 316 Appoint architect, approve plans & BoQs $0 ESNP 317 Tender & appoint contractor $0ESNP 318 Works at School 1 S0 Contractor 319 Works at School 2 $0 Contractor 320 Works at School 3 $0 Contrator 321 Works at School 4 $0 Contractor 322 Works at School 5 $0 Contractor 323 Tourism $170,000 , 324 Establish Jinja Tounsm Development Association $0 _ _ -- AESNP 325 Research infommation for Cultural Centre $0 . _._,__ _ _ _ _ _ _i 326 Constuct Cultural Centre $0 AESNP/Contractor 327 Construct Hydro Visitors Centre 0 , AESNP/Contractor 328 Two WWR launch sites constructed $20,000 : AESNP 329 Health Centres $300,000 330 Add 40 beds and furnish Budondo Health Centre $75,000 - AESNP/Contractor 331 Establish AES Medical Centre in Naminya $225,000 - AESNP/Contractor 332 Implementation of COAP $S0,000 333 Establish Community Resource Centres $50,000 ,- - = AESNP Project: Hydro Consolidated Plan (98) Task Milestone * Summary ' Rolled up task Date Fr 4/6/01 1 o Cost for sunmmary tasks includes 10% contingency for component plans Bujagali Project Hydropower Facilitj, EJA Chapter 8 8.7 Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures Table 8.2 outlines the overall package of environmental monitoring that will be carried out in relation to the Bujagali hydropower facility (as outlined in detail in Chapter 7). The table also assigns responsibilities for each monitoring activity, and proposes parties who are capable of carrying out the monitoring, on behalf of the responsible body. Detailed timelines for monitoring, and cost estimates for monitoring activities are included in Figure 8.7 above. It should be noted that, consistent with the strategy of integrating environmental protection and mitigation activities into the EPC Contractor's Scope of Work, the specifications for many of the construction-related monitoring activities were included in the bid package upon which BEC developed its base rates. Therefore it is not possible to present a detailed accounting of all the monies devoted to the project's environmental monitoring activities during the construction phase. A ES NVile Power 477 Mar-ch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 This page is intentionally blank. AES ,Nile Power 478 March, 2007 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Table 8.2. General responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures Parameter to be monitored Reason for monitoring Monitorijig location Monitoring method Recommended trigger level Responsibility far instigation Responsibility for execution Baseline Baseline data to monitor impact oo fish Oni pstrears sod tir-e downstream Dff tial gravimetry (APHA, 19951 FAO standads: 100 mg/I (alert): 400 AESNP, via FIRRI, Jinja AESNP, via FIRRI, Jitija Waterquatlity: saspended solids sines DTroilgaimty(PA 95 mg/I (iaterveale) Water qaality nutricnts Baseline data to monitor impact oee fish One apsireaBs and three dawasteam Colr uesncu (API lA, 1995) Nonc AESNP, via FIR I, Jinja AESNP, via FIRRI, Jioja sites Water qislity. chlorophyll a Ba,etne data to monitor impact on fish Oar upstream aod three dasnstreao Acetone! alcolhol cxtractior arid None AESNP. via FIRRI, Jinja AESNP, ia FIRRI, Jmj. sites sprctrophroionctry (APHA, 19951 ocASP i IR,Jnj EN.vaFRI ij Commercial fish species Baseline data One tipsirean arid three dosorramGnlincto and scinc nets, catch sorveys Noise AESNP, via FIRRI, Jinja AESNP. via FIRRI, Jinja sites Invertebrates Baseline data One pstreans and three downstreaio Vertical net haul and grab samiples None AESNP, via FIRRI, Jinja AESNP. via FIt'RI, Jitja sites One upstream aod three downstream Visoal stisova by coperiecced aquatic Macrophytes Basehnie data sites botanist None AESNP, via FIRRI, Jinja AESNP. via FIRRI, Jinja Schistosomiasis vectors Baseline data River margins (both banks) Visual suveys by expertnc-d None AESNP, via FlIl I, Jioja AESNP, via FIRRI, Jinia nisierebrare biologist Tourison Bas-line data Jij,ja Collect baselcie tourist ovemight data None AESNP, via UTB AFSNP, via tJTB for Jinja, and reasons for visit Constroction Coivu-eti.n ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~To be deternmied by Independent AESNP/Independent Auditor AESNP Comphance with OD 4.30/OP 4.12. Outlsncd in RCDAP volumc Outlined in RCDAP volume Outlined in RCDAP volume Auditor Involuntary Resettlement Water quality: s-spcndcd solids Alert if detailed ntio itosirig required Dowi,strerti, ofvsise Visual inspection Visible plutiie >2 kh doswnstream BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) Water quality: suspended solids Achieve FAO standard Baseline monitoting sites I and 2 Differential gravimety (APHA, 1995) FAO standards: ISO mg/I (aler); 400 BEC (SF1)) BEC (SEO) tog/I (intervene) Water quality: oil & gredse Alert it detaded it1ostitoring required tiiiotediately do, nstreani of site Visoial ispection Visible slicks BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) Water quality: oil & grease Protect dowostrnaisi watei quality Immediately upstream and downstream Eatracton & eaporation (APHA, 1995) 2()ng/I BEC (SF0) BEC (SE01 Watcr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ quality Espillo & pontniAHAn19ge0 gl EC(EO BcySO Waler quality. spill contgipeitey Protect downstream seater quabty Constretion site Audit spilt contingency plan Plan or equipment is inadequate BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) planning Site dnnking water quality Ensure qLality to NEMAVWBG Point of supply Sterile sample and analysis (APHA Exceedance of NEMAAWBG standards BEC (SEO) BEC ( SEO via Field Inspector) standards methodology) for NEMA detemrinands Efflueot qoality: oIl NEMIA Cml determnnds (ifon-se treatmet Complywith NEMA ndated)/WBG All effent discharge locations e.g SamplinganlAPHAanalybis seeNIMA(undated)/We3Gstandods BECISEt) BECg(SEOiaFldIns option s.teetd) effliuerit standards dowrrstrearni of any sire, oblation blocks Smln n P-Aaayt e EA(oue)WI tnad E F)EC(F i il npco Effloent quality: BOD, TSS, bacteria, utrients, pH,- tempeature. C if on- Comply with NEMA (undated)/WBG All effluent discharge locations, e.g Saipling d APHA analysis c NEMA (-d.tcd)/WBG smda& BEC i SEO) BEC NSEO via Field Inspector site t.eatrientoptiot selected) effluent stanidards downstream of any site ahlution blocks Effluent quality: BOD, TSS, bactrria, Comsply with NEMA (undated)/WBO Site effluent discharge location Satrmpling and APHA analysis see NEMA (unrdated)/WBG standards AESNP AESNP (via DWD WRAP) nutrients, pH, temperature, EC effluent standards as ourceiof sitesdrinkin ater F isureaodepletion ofpublic resource borexoestnear sie abstraction ton Measure water table height using dipper Significant drawdown at observation BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO via Field Inspector) Water resources ~Etisisr safe atid adequate supply to Alternative water supply Motritor yield, sample and analysis for Yiel:Nla AESNP LC Water resources residents bactr Quality. see NEMA (undated)/WBG AESNP AESNP standards Ensure sanitary facilitics availablc to All remaining pit latrines within Direct observation, and consultation Altenrative facilities to bhprosided by AESNP Watcr level in pit lutirres residents Wakisi vrlBoge n with property owner AESNP if latrine no longer safe AESNP Water quality in aquifer Ensure safe and adequatc supply to All remaining wells within Sample aird analysis for NIEM-IIAJWB Exceedance of NEMA or WBG AESNP AESNP residnts o NEA/WB stadard Kilonbsorawe, Narnizi, Buloba and drinking waler determinands drinking water vtandard Waterqualiy inaquifr rcrdcnr to NNIA/BO stndors Wakist villages Constrisetion noi.se: orking hoairs and Mmmise mpaet Q. residentb Record hours of gravel crushng & fo be determined by ERP BEC I SEO BDEC (SEO via Field Inspector) public voMnaiaarrnOn site blasting, aud rev/dents' complaints AIES Nile Power 47MAarch, 2001 Bujagaei Pro)ject Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Table 8.2. General responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures Parameter to be monitored Reason for monitoring Monitoring location Monitoring method Recommended trigger level Responsibility for instigation Responsibility for execution Cottstntctiots noise M lioitni,c intpoct on resideots 15 om from site bondaty o Inst lumen af monitoriag ccording to Proposed s todNdords:WNC s ta Nad sWBG. ; Air quality Nuisance, potenial impacts on health As for noise nmonitoring PM,,, SO2 and NO, measuremeoit Proposed NEMA stondards/WBO BEC (SEO) BEC (SF1) Cornmunicable diseases Minimise inmpact ott residents, workers Siispect site clinic records for STD To be detemnined by site doctor AESNP, via DH() fo,r Jita & Mtlkimo AFSNP. vmia DCin tljol & M 4heno Corxmonicable diseases ~attd health facilities 'ceidence io --ek-v Malaria incidence Minitnise impet on expatriate markers Site clinic Iincidence in cpaords workes To be detenoined by site doctor AESNP. via DitO for Jinja & Mukotto AESNP, via DHO, Jittja & Mokono Solid Waste Marsageosenst Minimise etlvirotmntessal impact Working arma of site, plus desigttated Visual itspecion Nout-cotsspliance with WMP BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO via Field Inspector) disposal site Hazard Waste Managemetat M?isimise environtental impact Working area of site Monitor stonrac, hing andpe Non-compliance witb g WMP BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO via Field Inspecto,) procedures for rturring to sstpp Traffc Management Plan (TMP) Resident attd worker safety Site and access roads Audit of Trafftc Management Plao, None BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) including training records Implementation of TMP Resident atid worker safety Site and access Toads Visual chcks oftraftic management None BlC (SEO) BEC (Construction Manager! SEO) and driver behaviousr Deteriorationi irt ptiblic higlisays Public safety East and west bank priblic highways Visiial inspection aod phlotographs Significant deterioration NEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) Erosion of cat slopes Long-temi agricultural viabi]ityniver Teirporuy works area Visual isspection Significant erosion BEC (SEO) BEC (SEO) water qolinty Compaction of agricultutral so il, Viability of agriculturc or forestr post Temporary works area Visual tnspection and compaction Significant compaction BNC (SEO) BEC (SEO) construction ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~testing Archaeology PTotection of cssn-ently-unknown relics E io areas Operator training and vigilence, pltrs ad None BEC (SE) BEC (SEO) (chance finds) Ecvto -shoc Dept of Ajisiquities piresence Tourism Identify any negative itmipact on totirsstt Jnja Collect baseline tourist overnight data None AESNP via UTB AESNP via UTB Jinja ~~~~~for Jinja, and reasons fur viit Downstream flow Prevent dowtnstream flow depletion Mbilarmuti Gasigitid Statious MonitoT water lcsel vith gasging d25% edaction from Oen Falls AESNP via DWD AFSNP via DWD bourds dischage Wildlife on islands Danger to wildlife of rising reser-oir Islands uipstreanm of darii Visual inspection Nonc Environmental Manager Environmental Manager level Water quality: nuents ii oning site I' (mid- Colorimetnrc (APHA, 1995) None AESNP via DWD WRAP, Entebbe ApSNP via DWD WRAP, Entebbe isirpoundsaent Water qualitv: cehlroplsyll a in Prevent eutrophiicasion Naselite toiitorinsl site r (aid- Acetone! alcosol extraction and 20 ug/l chlorophyll a AESNP via DWD WRAP, Entebbe AESNP via DWD WRAP, Entebbe impoundnrent reservoir) spectropliotometry (API IA, 1995) Water quality,: stratification of Naseliste monitorring site I' (mid- Temoperature and dinsoir,ed oxygen Prevent impacts on animal species eseropfile to be easured by nreter and Hypolinrsetic DO l 5 mgil AESNP via DWD WRAP, Esebbe AESNP via DWD WRAP, Entebbe impoundment mse"w')~~~~~~nf Probe Erosion of rsvormargitas shvet oreliner haitpacts adlsofe-n gsViairptiSigssifi'cant crosian doe to rescrvasr AESNP AESNP Erso fcerPreci g-term inacts and loss of Reservioir margins Virstal inspectini filling or daily fluctuation in water level. Schistosotariasis vector habitat Prvesnt schistosoniasis risk Reservoir macgiuts (both banks) Visual ssrveys by expeieced tropical To be deternossed by inspector AESNP via MUIENR or VCIU, Jnja AESNP via MUIENR or VCU, Jina -ES Niledisease sector specialist AES Nile Po wer 480 Mlarch, 2001 Brttjagali Project Hydropower Facility EJ,J Chapter 8 Table 8.2. General responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Measures Parameter to be ionitored Reason for monitoring NMonitoring location Monitoring method Recommended trigger level Responsibility for instigation Responsibility for execution Schlsiosomtiasis sector incidence Prevent schistosomiasis risk Reservoir margins (both banks) Visual s-r-cys by espenenced tropical To be dtertrimied by inspector AESNP via VCtJ, tinja AESNP via VCU. Jinja disease vecto specialist Olichocerciasis vector incidence Prevetit onchocerciasis risk Spillway Vivual sorveys ha esperienced topical To be detersoiiied by inspector AESNP via VCU, Ji ja AESNP via VCU, Jiaija disease vector specialist Vector-bome diseases ldetit neede, Hdod and Wakisi Healthe Inspect health cenitre er-eds for None AESNP via DHO for Jinja & Mukoiso AESNP via DHO, Jinja & Mukono Identifyneed fo furihe actionCentres tiscr-eased itteidence Identify need for re-stockitig or other Seincgill-neteng. puts stck Statistick Fisherics actioi (e.g. food species or habitat One site in impoundment assesincoias and interviews with st-ok psst-constructron AESNP via PIRRI, Jiija AFSNP via PIRRI, Jinja nsaonitonng) fishermen Fish eitraimwent in prower statitO Identity if farther precautions necessary Intake scrocns Vis-al inspection Ta he determined in casatin with AESNP via FIRRI, Jinja AFSNP via FIRRI, Jinja Vcgctation on islands EPisare re-establisithent Islands remnaining aftcr reservoir fillinig Visual inspection by forestry expert None Rampaao AFSNP ,a Foet Depart.ent, Jinja or Ti,insmi Prevent negative impact on tourism jinja Collect baseline tourist overnight data Statistically aigniScant decrease is AESNP via UTB AESNP a UTB Iolmsm Prevent negativc impact n tourism J]llJafor Jina, and reasons for visit tourist revenne Vl. Same sampling sites vised for FIRRI fisheries survey conducted in 1999. Refer to Figure 3.4 for location of sites. AES Nile Power 481 Alarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Clwapter 8 This page is intentionally blank. AES Nile Power 482 hard,, 2t}fl Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility FIA Chapter 8 8.8 Institutional Strengthening This scction outlines the framework that AESNP will adopt for ensuring that the third party institutions that are assigned responsibilities under the EAP have the capacity to discharge these responsibilities. The approach that will be taken by AESNP will be guided by the following principles: 1. Any capacity to be developed within Ugandan institutions for dealing with or monitoring environmental impacts of the Bujagali project should be transferable, such that it can be used in relation to other projects or plans; and 2. Where appropriate, institutional strengthening should be integrated with existing programmes being planned or implemented by the institutions themselves, or by national or international organisations such as NGOs, lenders and aid agencies. Several governmental agencies at both the local and national levels will be responsible for ongoing monitoring of construction and operational conditions and activities. In general, AESNP will consult with the applicable agencies to establish the extent of each agency's 'in house' capability for managing such activities, and identify any shortfalls. The general process to be followed to establish institutional strengthening needs is as follows: * discuss the mandate and monitoring responsibilities of each agency, and develop a monitoring plan that will include details of procedures, equipment requirements and staff requirements; * establish the Agency's 'in house' capability for managing such activities, and identify any shortfalls; * develop, in consultation with the Agency, a plan for meeting these shortfalls; * assist the Agency to implement a specific capacity building plan, taking into account other capacity building programs being planned or implemented by government or international organisations; and, * monitor the effectiveness of institutional strengthening measures, and carry out any further measures as required. AES Nile Power 483 Mfarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Preliminary information about the institutional strengthening needs of the key government agencies involved, based on preliminary consultations during the EIA process, is outlined below. 8.8.1 Uganda Electricity Board (UEB) After 30 years, ownership of the hydropower facility, together with responsibility for environmental management, will be transferred from AESNP to UEB. Prior to the transfer, UEB may need assistance to develop in-house expertise to operate and maintain the facility. A program will be put in place well in advance of the transfer to ensure UEB has the capability to assume ownership and operational responsibility for the facility. 8.8.2 Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI) Although FIRRI is mandated to carry out fish stock assessment, the monitoring programme that has been recommended here is outside the scope of its routine monitoring activities. Discussions with FIRRI have indicated that although the Institute has sufficient staff and expertise to carry out the recommended programme, some specialised sampling equipment will need to be purchased. Some fishing equipment has been provided already as part ol the baseline surveys, and further support of this nature will be required for operations. Further discussions are required with FIRRI to establish their capability vis-a-vis the monitoring plan. 8.8.3 Directorate of Water Development - Water Resources Assessment Programme DWD has been the beneficiary of European Union funding which has supported the Water Resources Assessment Programme. While primarily concerned with compiling a national inventory of surface and ground water resources, this project has also funded the establishment of an international-standard testing laboratory at Entebbe. DWD now has the capability to carry out all of the monitoring exercises that have been assigned to it under the EMoP. The laboratory operates on a semi-commercial basis, and will require payment per sample analysed. The estimated costs presented in the EMoP are based on quotations for analyses provided by WRAP management, and will be met by AESNP. 8.8.4 District llealth Offices/Vector Control Unit In Mukono District, screening of patients for schistosomiasis and other vector-born diseases is currently carried out at the Nyenga Mission Hospital, near Njeru. Mukono DHO has AESNAiIe Power 484 March, '001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 indicated that it would like to take over this screening role as part of the EMP, but is precluded from doing so by lack of a few basic pieces of equipment (e.g. a microscope). Mukono DHO will be assisted in obtaining the necessary equipment. A budget for equipment is included in the cost estimates for disease and vector monitoring. The Vector Control Unit in Jinja works closely with the DHO in monitoring vector and disease incidence in the district. No additional staff resources will be required to undertake the monitoring recommended in this EMP. However, there is a requirement for financial assistance to obtain specialist field equipment and to cover fuel costs. Further consultation will be undertaken to confirm the specific equipment needs and to establish the capabilities of staff to operate and maintain the equipment. 8.8.5 District Environmental Offices DEOs in Jinja and Mukono report they have sufficiently qualified senior staff to deal with the environmental aspects of the project. However, as considerable field visits and consultation with residents may be required during the construction phase, it may be necessary for one or more administrative assistants to be employed by these organisations. AESNP will consult further with the DEOs to ascertain their specific needs and capabilities. 8.8.6 Health Units Through consultations, AESNP has confirmned that the existing health centres in the area of the hydropower facility are inadequate to meet required needs, particularly on the west side of the Nile River. There is only one health centre in the project area west of the Nile River, whereas there are nine located east of the Nile River. Most of these centres are poorly equipped and their structures are in need of repair. In view of the unequal apportionment of health facilities between the banks, AESNP is proposing to upgrade one health centre on the east bank and to construct a new AES community health centre on the west bank. The details of the proposed developments are provided in Chapter 27 of the RCDAP. 8.8.7 Forest Department The Forest Department offices in Jinja and Mukono have reported that they have adequate numbers and quality of staff to advise on conservation and restoration of forest areas AES Nile Power 485 Mlarch, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 associated with the project. However, the Forest Department expects the developer to nieet the cost of planting borrow areas and islands with indigenous vegetation. The cost for these has been incorporated into the cost estimates presented in the EAP. 8.8.8 Agriculture Department The District Agricultural Officers in Jinja and Mukono run extension services covering both banks. Of particular importance for the project are the SOR erosion control programs operating in this area that will be able to assist the project. In the longer tern, the Department will be able to advise on land restoration and the possible use of irrigation. At this time no specific institutional strengthening needs have been identified for the Agriculture Department, but this will be re-assessed as part of the proposed institutional strengthening program. 8.8.9 National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) NEMA has a dedicated Environmental Impact Assessment group, which has full capabilit y to assess EIAs. and to monitor the compliance of projects with environmental regulations. Consultations with NEMA has indicated that no strengthening of its capabilities will be required in order to oversee the environmental aspects of this project. 8.8.10 Uganda Wildlife Authority The Uganda Wildlife Authority may be required to monitor the effects of the project on wildlife and wildlife habitat, and specifically the effects on habitat and wildlife within the Jinja Animal Sanctuary. AESNP will consult with UWA to ascertain the capabilities of the UWA to monitor project activities and administer its responsibilities in the Jinja Animal Sanctuary. 8.9 Cash flow for mitigation, monitoring and community development Table 8.3 summarises the projected cashflows for environmental and social mitigation, monitoring and community development measures, with regard to the hydropower component of the Bujagali project. The table is broken down into quarterly cashflows within broad expenditure categories. A detailed breakdown of expenditure categories is included within Figure 8.7 AES Nile Power 486 March, 2001 Bujagali Project Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 8 Table 8.3 Cashflows for environmental and social mitigation and monitoring, and community development packages (thousand USD) Expenditure Category Total Quarter (relative to Lenders' Approval of Project) (USD x -6 -5 4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1000) 9 1 Resettlement Action Plan 11,130 11,130 Cultural Property Management Plan 125 125 Environmental Mitigation Plan Environmental Management and Review 20 20 Forest habitat and diversity 20 20 Institutional Strengthening 5ss 55 Environmental Monitoring Plan Baseline 105 100 5 Construction 10 to Operational 130 130 Environmental Reporting and Review 20 . 10 2.5 2.5 2 5 2.5 Community Development Action Plan Commercial Area 40 40 Water Resource Development 154 154 Electricity Supply 300 300 Fisheries Development 281 10 5_1 120 100 Training and Financial Services 110 40 70 Education 420 45 75 75 75 75 75= Tourtsm 170 70 20 80 Health Centres 300 75 225 Implementation of CDAP 50 = = ==- 50 = Grand Total 13,440 = = = = 1 = Note cashtlows for mitigation and monitoring of constructioni-related imipacts are included in EPC contract price, and are not duplicated in this table. . ES,Vile Power 487 March, 2001 Bu jagali Project Hydropower Facility ElA C hapter 8 This page is intentionally blank. IES Nile Power 488 .arch, 2001 BujagaliProiect HLydropower Facilify EIA Chtapter 9 9. REFERENCES ACDI-VOCA. 2000. BusinessEconomic Activities and the Rural Financial Svstems (Jinja). Business and Finance Training Unit. April, 2000. Uganda. Acres International Limited. 1990. Proposed Extension to Owen Falls Generation Station Feasibilitzi Studv. Uganda. Acres International Limited. 1991. Bujagali Hvdroelectric Project: Pre-investment Stuidv Report. Uganda Electricity Board and Canadian International Development Agency, Acres International Limited. Vancouver. Acres International Ltd. 1999. HIIdrologi' of the Victoria Nile (Update to December 1998 Report). Acres International Ltd. 2000. Assessnment of Generation Alternatives-Uganda. Report submitted to the International Finance Corporation. Niagara Falls: Acres International. Adrift. 1998. Promotional Brochure for White Water Rafting in Uganda. African Development Bank. 1995. Environmental Sectoral Policv Guidelines for the Industrial Sector. African Development Bank. 1995. Guidelines on Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in Development Projects. African Development Bank. 1997. Environmental Assessment Guidelines - Fisheries. African Development Bank. 1997. Environmental Assessment Guidelines - Forestrv and Watershed MVanagement. Alabaster, J.S. and Lloyd, R. 1982. Water Qualit)v' Criteria for Freshwater Fish. London, FAO/Butterworth. Alexander's Oil and Gas Connections. 2001. Oil Test Drilling in Western Uganda. Volume 6(1). January 11, 2001. Source: Newvs and Trends in Africa, Xinhua via Newspage. www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/nta 10297 .htm AES Nile Power 489 BujagaliProject yvdropower Facili4y EIA Chapter 9 Anderson, H.P. 1994. Local Resource Utilisation in Rural Uganda. University of Oslo, Resource Geography Group. Arinaitwe, J. East Africa History Society. Personal communication. July, 1998. Aulo, Grace Mbabazi. 1999. Implications of Hydroelectric Development on the Victojla Nile: What is the Current "Tourism Resource" of the River and What are ihe Different Ef,fects of Dam,/Reservoir Versus Run of River Developments Would Hai e? A paper presented to the workshop on the Victoria Nile Strategic EIA, KampaLa, Uganda, November 30, 1999. Ayele, T. and Walsh, J.F. 1991. Onchocerciasis Control in UJganda. WHO Document pp. (10. Balirwa, J.S., 1990. Perspective of conservation and management of the river Nile system in Uganda with special reference to the Fisheries. The conservation and management of rivers; an international conference, University of York, 10-13 Sept. pp 17. Barnett, M. Adrift (Uganda) Ltd. 1998. Personal Communication. Bennum, L., Njoroge, P., and Pomeroy, D. E. In press. Birds to WVatch: A Red Data Listjfor East Africa. Ostrich (PAOC Suppl). Bitarakwate, A. C., Kingston,W.P, and Watt, A. W. 1967. Working Plan for the Buso-a District Administration; Bush Reserves. 1st Edition. Breukelen. 1994. Environmental Guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) for ihe Production ofAsphalt Mixes. European Asphalt Pavement Association. Bujagali Dam Safety Panel. 2000. Report by the Bujagali Dam Safety Panel. April. Bujagali EPC Consortium (BEC). 2000. Engineer, Procure and Construct Agreement 'or Bujagali Hydro Electric Power Project. Volume III: Tender Schedules Cl -C4. Carswell, M C. 1986. Birds of the Kampala Area. Scopus Special Suppl. 2, EANHS, Nairobi, Kenya. Central Intelligence Agency. 1999. The World Factbook 1999 - Uganda. http ://iww.cia/,gov/cia/publications/factbooki'ug.html AES 1\ile Power 490 BuijragaliProject Hyd ropower Facilit, EIA Chapter 9 Chemusto, Samuel. 2000. Brief Assessment of the Kalagala Central Forest Reserve for Proposed Tourism Mitigations of the Bujagali Hydropower Project. Ghana. Corbet, P.S., 1961. Thie Food of Non-cichlid Fishes in the Lake lictoria Basin, With Remarks on Their Evolution and Adaption to Lacustrine Conditions. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 136:1-101. Crul, R.C.M. 1993. Limnology and Hvdrology of Lake Victoria. U`NESCO/IHP IV Project M-5.1. Dahl, Jon. 1998 and 2001. Director and Shareholder, Nile River Explorers. Personal communication. District Forest Officer. 2000. Personal communication with Titus Bitebekezi of AESNP on 11 December 2000. Jinja, Uganda. Dribidu, Enoch. 1999. Hydrological Impacts of Hydropower Developments on the Nile. A paper presented to the workshop on the Victoria Nile Strategic EIA, Kampala, Uganda, November 30, 1999. Kampala, Uganda. Unpublished document. Duncan Garrick International Ltd. 1998. Environmental Jmpact Assessment (EIA) of Bujagali Falls Hydroelectric Power Scheme Uganda - Tourism Appraisal. England. Electricite de France (EdF). 1998. Optimization Study: Load Forecast, Final Report. France Electricite de France (EdF). 2000. Uganda Load Forecast Review (Up-date 2000). France Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). 1999. Rural ElectriJication Strategy Study. September, 1999. World Bank. Washington, D.C. ESG Intemational. 2000. VZictoria Arile Strategic impact Assessment. Uganda. ESG International and WS Atkins Intemational. 2000. Environmental Impact Statement Transmission Line. Bujagali Hydropower Project. December 2000.Uganda. Failer, E. 2001. Bujagali HEPP-Co2 Emission. Lanmever Intemational. Germany. www.Bujagali.com/cco2 (January, 2001). AES Nile Power 491 BujagaliProject yvdropower Facilith EIA Chapter 9 FfRRI, 2000a. Aquatic and Fisheries Survey of the Upper Victoria Nile. First Quarter Survey, February 2000. Prepared for AES Nile Power. FIRRI, 2000b. Aquatic and Fisheries Survey of the Upper Victoria Nile. Second Quarter Survey, 5th-14th April 2000. Prepared for AES Nile Power. FIRRI, 2000c. Aquatic and Fisheries Survey of the Upper Victoria Nile. Third Quarter Survey, Is,_ S-h August 2000. Prepared for AES Nile Power. FIRRI, 2000d- Aquatic and Fisheries Survey of the Upper Victoria Nile. Fourth Quarter Survey, 6-1 1t" November 2000. Prepared for AES Nile Power. FIRRI 2001. Aquatic and Fisheries Survey of the Upper Victoria Nile. Final Report. January 2001. Prepared for AES Nile Power. Fountain Publishers Ltd. 1999. Uganda Primary Atlas for Social Studies. Harper Collins. Uganda. Fryer, G. & Iles, T.D. 1972. The Cichlid Fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd. Goodland. 1997. Environmental Sustainability in the Hydro Industry: Disaggregating the Debate. In Large Dams. Learning from the Past Look-ing into the Future. The World Conservation Union and the World Bank Group. Washington D.C. Gophen, M., Ochumba, P.B.O. & Kaufman, L.S. 1995. Some aspects of perturbation in i:he structure and biodiversity of the ecosystem of Lake Victoria (East Africa). Aquat. Living Resour. 8: 27-41. Gordon, R.M., and Lavoipierre, M.M.J. 1976. Entomology for Students of Medicine. Fourth Printing. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Greenwood, P.H., 1958. Reproduction in the East African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus Heckel. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 130: 547-567. Greenwood, P.H., 1962. A revision of Lake Victoria Haplochromis species (Pisces, cichlidae), Par IV. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool), 9(4): 139-214. Hecky and Bugemyi. 1989. (p67) AES Nile Power 492 BujagaliProject -Ihydropower Faci/ity EJA Chapter 9 ICBP. 1992. Putting Biodiversity on the Map. International Council for Bird Protection, Cambridge. England. Intemational Finance Corporation (IFC). 1 998. General Guidelines for Environmental Health and Safe/l. Intemational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 2(000. 2000 IUCANRed List of Threatened Species. www.redlist.org JDA (Jinja District Administration). 1997. District State of the Environment lReport, .Jinja 1997. (Draft). Kabatereine, N. 1998. Personal communication, August., 1998 Kamuhangire, Dr.. 1998. Commissioner for Antiquities and Museums, Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities. Personal Communication, November 30th, 1998. Kanani, Mehul. General Manager, Adrift (U) Ltd. Personal communication on 5th January 2001. Kangwagye. 1998. Personal communication. August, 1998. Karatunga, A.H. 1997. "Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Bujagali and Kalagala as Potential Hydropower Sites in Uganda. " International Institution for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences. Karekaho, Tobias. 1999. General Manager - Projects at the Uganda Electricity Board. Personal communication. November 24, 1999. Kendall, R.L. 1969. An Ecological History of the Lake Victoria Basin. Ecological Monographs 39: 121-176. Kennedy & Donkin, Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners, Government of Uganda. 1986. Power Development Studv, Uganda Electricity Svstem. Final Report. Kennedy and Donkin. 1997. Hydropower Development Master Plan. Uganda. Knight Piesold /Merz & McLellan. 1998. Bujagali Hydropower Project Feasibility Study. Volume 1 - Main Report. Client: AES Nile Power. AES Nile Power 493 BujagaliProject Hyvdropower Facility EIA Chapter 9 Knight Piesold /Merz & McLellan. 1998b. Bujagali Hydropower Project Feasibility Stu.dy. Volume 2 - Technical Annexures. Client: AES Nile Power. Knight Pi6sold/Merz McLellan Consulting Engineers. 1999. Bujagali Hydropower Pro ect Addendum to the Feasibility Study (Draft). Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper Collins, London Langdale-Brown, 1., Osmaston. H.A, and Wilson, J.G. 1964. The Vegetation of Uganda. and its Bearing on Land-use. Entebbe, Government of Uganda. Linaweaver. S. 2001. Project opponent. Personal communication with Intemational Finance Corporation via e-mail, January 17, 2001. Marshall. B.E. 1984. Predicting Ecology and Fish Yields in African Reservoirs from Preimpoundment Phvsico-chemical Data. CIFA Technical Paper No. 12. Rome, FAO. Mandahl-Barth, G. 1954. The Freshwater Molluscs of Uganda and Adjacent Territories. Tervuren. McCrae, A.W.R. 1977. "Intermittent Eradication of Simulium damnosum Theo. on the Nile from Jinja, Uganda 1951 - 1977." Medical Entomology Centenary Symposium Proceedings. Megapesca Lda. 1997. Nile perch - marketing success or ecological disaster?. URL: www.megapesca.con/nileperch.html (first published in Seafood International, Ivlay 1997). Ministry of Health. 1994. Health Planning Unit. Mubiru, Paul. 1999. Assistant Commissioner for Energy Efficiency at the Uganda Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development. Personal communication. November 25, 1999. Muramira, T. E. 2000. Mitigation Plan to the Environmental Economic Impacts of the 220 kV Electric Transmission Line Wayleave through Mabira Forest Reserve. Uganda Forest Department. AES NVile Power 494 BujagaliProject ylvdropower Facilit, EIA Chapter 9 Mutabazi, D., and Duke, B.O.L. 1998. Onchocerciasis Control in UJganda: flow Can Self- sustaining, Community-based Treatment with Ivermectin be Achieved? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitologji 92 (2), 195-203. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Undated. Environmental Standards and Preliminarv Envir-onnment Impact Assessmnent for Water Qualitv and Discharge of Effluent into U'ater and Land in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda.. NEMA. 1997. Guiidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment in Uganda. Draft, April 1997. NEMA. 1997b. Proposed Environmental Air Qua litY Standards for Uganda. First Draft, January 1997. Kampala. NEMA. 1997c. Draft Environmental Standards and Preliminarv Environment Impact Assessmentfor Control of loise Pollution. First Edition, January 1997. Kampala. Ndyomugyenyi, R. 1998. "The Burden of Onchocerciasis in Uganda." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 92, Supp 1: 133-137 Ndyomugyenyi, R. 1998. Personal communication. NORPLAN A.S. 1999. Karuma Falls Hydropower Project Environmental Impact Assessment. Alav 1999. Uganda. Norwegian Regulations for Planning, Construction and Operation of Dams (NRD), English version (1986). Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. FIRRI. Personal communication. Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. 1985. The effects of predation by the Nile perch, Lutes niloticus (Linne) introduced into Lake Kyoga (Uganda) in relation to fisheries of Lake Kyoga and Lake Victoria. FAQ Fish. Rep. 335: 18-41. Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. 1990. Changes in the prey ingested and the variations in the Nile perch and other fish stocks of Lake Kyoga and the northern water of Lake Victoria (Uganda). J. Fish. Biol. 37: 55-63. AES Nile Power 495 BujagaliProject Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 9 Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. 1994. Adjustments in fish stocks and in life historv characteristics of the Nile perch, Lates niloticus L., in Lakes Victoria, Kyoga and Nabugabo. Thesis, University of Manitoba, Canada (cited in UNEP, 1999). Okia. M. Sr. Entomologist, Malaria Control Unit. Entebbe. August, 1998. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1982. Eutrophication of Waters: Monitoring, Assessment and Control. Paris, OECD. Roberts, Andy. 2000. Analysis of Future Options Jfr Forest Department Eco-Tour.sm Development. A report prepared for the Forest Department. Uganda. Sanghvi, Arun. 1999. Lead Energy Specialist - Energy Sector Unit Africa Region at the World Bank. Personal communication. November 2, 1999. Seehausen, O., Lippitsch, E., Bouton, N. & Zwennes, H. 1998. "Mbipi, the rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Victoria: Description of three new genera and fifteen new species (Teleostei)." Ichthy. Expl. Freshw. 9: 129-228. SPIDER International Ltd. 1996. Water Resources Atlas of the River Nile Basin. Prepared for Canadian International Development Agency. Steadman Research Services. 2000. Local Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO)s) Opinions on the Bujagali Hydro Project in Uganda. Synergy Consulting. 1999. A Study of the River Nile and its Significance to Traditioial Religion and Practices of the Inhabitants of the Riverbank in Budondo Sub-County (East Bank). December, 1999. Uganda. Synergy Consulting. 2000. A Study of the River Nile and its Significance to Traditional Religion and Practices of the Inhabitants of the Riverbank in Wak-isi Sub-county (W est Bank). March, 2000. Uganda. Turyahikaho. 2000. Uganda's Need for the Bujagali Hydro Project. Presentation made by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development at the NGO Forum June 201)0. Washington, D.C. AES Nile Power 496 BujagaliProject Hlydropower Facility EIA Chapter 9 Uganda Department of Meteorology. Relative Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction at Jinja Kimaka Meteorology Station for the Period of January 1999- June 2000. Uganda Electricity Board. 2000. Personal communication with E. Kiyemba, General Manager (Transmission). August 17, 2000. Uganda Forest Department. 1999. Forestzy Nature Conservation Mlaster Plan, Volumze 1. Kampala. Uganda Forest Department. Undated. Forest Management Plan for Mabira Forest Reserve. Kampala. Uganda, Governient of. 1953. The Game Ordinance, Cap. 160, revised edition, 1951. Supplement to the Uganda Gazette, Volume XLVI, No. 45. UPPC, Entebbe. Uganda, Government of. 1962. The Game (Preservation and Control) Act, Cap. 226. Uganda, Government of. 1996. Uganda Wfildlife Statute. Uganda, Government of 1998. Statistical Abstract. Uganda Investment Authority. 1999. Implementation of the 'Big Push' Investment Promotion Strategy. Uganda. Uganda Wildlife Authority. 2000. Letter from the Executive Director to AESNP, dated December 19, 2000. Uganda Wildlife Authority. 2001. Arthur Mugisha, Director of Field Operations. Personal communication. UNEP. 1999. Environmental Impacts of Trade Liberalization and Policies for the Sustainzable Management of Natural Resources. A Study on Uganda's Fisheries Sector. Study led by Economic Policy Research Centre, Kampala. Published by United Nations, New York/Geneva. US Department of Energy (DoE). 2000. US Energy Information Administration International. www.eia. doe.gov!emeu/intemational/contents/html. AES Nile Power 497 BujagaliProject Hydropower Facility EIA Chapter 9 Vector Control Unit (VCU) and Ministry of Health. 1998. Consultation, August 1998. World Bank Group. 1988. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. Washington, D).C. World Factbook. 1 998. Appendix D. Selected International Environmental Agreements. Central Intelligence Agency: USA. World Bank. 1999. The World Bank Group - Countries: Uganda. http://www.worldbank .org/afr/ug2 .htm World Bank Group. 1998. P'ollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, 1998: Tollard Cleaner Production. Washington, D.C. World Commission on Dams. 2000. Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-,Making: Report of the WCD. Earthscan. London. World Health Organisation. 1980. Environnmental Health Criteria 12: Noise. Geneva, WHO. World Health Organisation. 1993. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality 2nd edition. Vc . I. Geneva, WHO. World Travel and Tounrsm Council (WTTC). 1998. Update on World Tourism. World Travel and Tourism Council. Brussels. http:l/ww-w.wttc.orgl WS Atkins. 1998. Bujagali Hydroelectric Project Environmental Impact Assessment Inception Report. Uganda. WS Atkins. 1999. Bujagali Hydroelectric Project Environmental Impact Statement. Uganda. WS Atkins International Ltd (WSAI). I 999b. Bujagali Hydroelectric Power Project, Connection to the 132 kV Transmission Network. Uganda. AES Nile Power 498