FINAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT (FEAR) FOR T & D NETWORK IN MOKOKCHUNG, KOHIMA, PHEK, WOKHA, ZUNHEBOTO, DIMAPUR & MON DISTRICTS UNDER NERPSIP TRANCHE-1, NAGALAND August, 2020 Prepared for: Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Prepared by: R. S. Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 402, BESTECH CHAMBER COMMERCIAL PLAZA, B-BLOCK, SUSHANT LOK-I, GURGAON Phone: +91-124-4295383: www.rstechnologies.co.in ABBREVIATIONS ADC - Assistant Deputy Collector AHH - Agricultural Households AP - Affected Persons CA - Compensatory Afforestation CEA - Central Electricity Authority CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon CPIU - Central Project Implementation Unit CPR - Common Property Resources CPTD - Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage CRM - Contractor’s Review Meeting DC - Deputy Collector DPN - Department of Power, Nagaland DPR - Detailed Project Report EMF - Electro Magnetic Field EMP - Environment Management Plan EN - Endangered EPA - Environment Protection Act ESMU - Environment and Social Management Unit ESPPF - Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Framework FEAR - Final Environment Assessment Report FRA - Forest Right Act FSI - Forest Survey of India GA - Geographical Area GCC - General Conditions of Contract GHG - Green House Gas GIS - Geographical Information System GoI - Government of India GoN - Government of Nagaland GPS - Global Positioning System GRC - Grievance Redress Committee GRM - Grievance Redressal Mechanism GSDP - Gross State Domestic Product GW - Green Wash HFL - High Flood Level HQ - Head Quarter IA - Implementing Agency IBA - Important Bird Area ICNIRP - International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection IEAR - Initial Environment Assessment Report ISFR - India State of Forest Report ITI - Industrial Training Institute IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature Km - Kilometer kV - KiloVolt LC - Least Concerned LILO - Line-In Line-Out MDF - Moderately Dense Forest MoEF&CC - Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change MSE - Medium and Small Enterprise MVA - Mega Volt Ampere MW - MegaWatt NA - Not Assessed NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NBSS&LUP - National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning NER - North East Region NERPSIP - North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project NH - National Highway NOC - No Objection Certificate NPV - Net Present Value NT - Near Threatened NTFP - Non Timber Forest Product NU - Nagaland University OF - Open Forest PCB - Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl PF - Protected Forest PGCIL - Powergrid Corporation of India Limited PIU - Project Implementation Unit PRA - Participatory Rural Appraisal PWD - Public Works Department RF - Reserved Forest RFA - Recorded Forest Area RFCTLARRA - Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act ROW - Right of Way RSET - R S Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. S/s - Substation SDO - Sub Divisional Officer SH - State Highway SIA - Social Impact Assessment SMF - Social Management Framework SPCU - State Project Coordination Unit Sq km - Square Kilometer ST - Scheduled Tribes T&D - Transmission and Distribution TOF - Tree Outside Forest TRC - Terrace Rice Cultivation VDF - Very Dense Forest VU - Vulnerable WB - World Bank ZSI - Zoological Survey of India CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION & PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1 1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 1.2 1.3 PROJECT BENEFIT 1.4 1.4 PRESENT SCOPE & PRESENT STUDY 1.5 1.4.1 Transmission Components 1.5 1.4.2 Distribution Components 1.6 1.5 OVERALL PRPJECT PROGRESS 1.9 1.6 OBJECTIVE & METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR FEAR STUDY 1.15 CHAPTER 2: BASELINE DATA 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 STUDY AREA DISTRICTS 2.1 2.2.1 Physical Environment 2.2 2.2.1.1 River System 2.7 2.2.1.2 Meteorology 2.7 2.2.1.3 Soil 2.10 2.2.1.4 Landuse Pattern 2.15 2.2.1.5 Landslide Vulnerability 2.17 2.2.1.6 Erosion Vulnerability 2.19 2.2.2 Biological Environment 2.20 2.2.2.1 Floristic 2.21 2.2.2.2 Forest Cover 2.22 2.2.2.3 Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) 2.24 2.2.2.4 Floristic Diversity 2.24 2.3 STUDY AREA BASELINE DATA 2.25 2..3.1 Floristics Elements 2.25 2.3.1.1 Taxonomic Diversity 2.26 2.3.1.2 Rare Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species 2.27 2.3.1.3 Invasive Species and Their Control 2.28 2.3.1.4 Vegetation Profile of the Sampling Area 2.30 2.3.1.5 Economically Important Plant Species 2.36 2.3.2 Faunal Elements 2.40 2.3.2.1 Mammals 2.40 2.3.2.2 Avifauna 2.41 2.3.2.3 Herpetofauna 2.45 2.3.2.4 Butterflies 2.46 2.3.3 Protected Areas 2.47 2.3.4 Community Reserve 2.48 2.3.5 Sacred Groves and Community Conserved Areas (CCA) 2.53 2.3.6 Important Bird Areas (IBA) 2.55 2.3.7 Wetland 2.62 2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 2.64 CHAPTER 3: POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1 3.2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 3.1 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROVISIONS 3.2 3.4 SOCIAL PROVISIONS 3.2 3.5 WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICY 3.8 3.6 STATUTORY PERMISSION/LICENSES/NOC OBTAINED 3.8 CHAPTER 4: MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE & ENVIRONMENT IMPACT 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.1 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION 4.1 4.3 MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE 4.29 4.3.1 Transmission lines 4.29 4.3.1.1 LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung Line at Longnak 4.29 4.3.1.2 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) 4.30 4.3.1.3 LILO of both Circuit of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero 4.33 4.3.1.4 132 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Wokha - Zunheboto - Mokokchung Line 4.34 4.3.1.5 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima - Mokokchung via Wokha Line 4.35 4.3.1.6 LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima - Wokha Line at 220 kV New Kohima Sub-station 4.37 4.3.2 Distribution Lines 4.38 4.3.2.1 33 kV line from tapping point of existing 33/11 kV Mokokchung – Mariani Line at Longtho Sub-station 4.38 4.3.2.2 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Zunheboto (new) to 33/11 kV Zunheboto South Point (new) Sub-station 4.39 4.3.2.3 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Power House (new) Sub-station 4.40 4.3.2.4 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Hospital (new) Sub-station 4.40 4.3.2.5 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Pfutsero (new) to 33/11 kV Pfutsero (New) Sub-station 4.41 4.3.2.6 33 kV line from existing 132/66/33 kV Nagarjan Sub-station to new 33/11 kV Padampukhri Sub-station 4.42 4.3.2.7 33 kV line from 33/11 Akuloto (existing) Sub-station to 33/11 kV Suruhuto (existing) Sub-station 4.44 4.3.2.8 33 kV line from existing 33/11 kV Pughoboto Sub-station to existing 33/11 kV Torogonyu Sub-station 4.45 4.4 PROJECT IMPACTS 4.45 4.4.1 Impact of Transmission & Distribution Lines 4.45 4.4.1.1 Type and Use of Land within Corridor Right of Way 4.45 4.4.1.2 Impact on Soil & Surface Geology 4.48 4.4.1.3 Impact on Land for Tower Base & Pole 4.48 4.4.1.4 Impact on Crop Area (RoW Corridor & Tower/Pole) 4.52 4.4.1.5 Impact on Trees 4.52 4.4.1.6 Impact on Other Assets (Small Shed in Agriculture Fields) 4.54 4.4.1.7 Other Damages 4.55 4.4.2 Impact Due to Construction of New Substation and Bay Extension 4.55 4.4.3 Impact on Indigenous People 4.56 4.4.4 Summary of Impacts 4.57 CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, EVALUATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1 5.2 IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION 5.1 5.2.1 Resettlement 5.1 5.2.2 Land Value Depreciation 5.2 5.2.3 Historical/Cultural Monuments/Value 5.2 5.2.4 Encroachment into Precious Ecological Areas 5.2 5.2.5 Encroachment into Other Valuable Lands 5.3 5.2.6 Interference with Other Utilities and Traffic 5.6 5.2.7 Interference with Drainage Pattern 5.6 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROVVBLEMS DUE TO DESIGN 5.7 5.3.1 Escape of Polluting Materials 5.7 5.3.2 Explosion/Fire Hazards 5.9 5.3.3 Erosion Hazards due to Inadequate Provision for Resurfacing of Exposed Area 5.9 5.3.4 Environmental Aesthetics 5.10 5.3.5 Noise/Vibration Nuisances 5.10 5.3.6 Blockage of Wildlife Passage 5.10 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 5.11 5.4.1 Uncontrolled Silt Runoff 5.11 5.4.2 Nuisance to Nearby Properties 5.14 5.4.3 Interference with Utilities and Traffic and Blockage of Access Way 5.15 5.4.4 Inadequate Resurfacing for Erosion Control 5.16 5.4.5 Inadequate Disposition of Borrow Area 5.21 5.4.6 Protection of Worker’s Health/Safety 5.22 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM OPERATION 5.33 5.5.1 O&M Staff/Skills Less than Acceptable Resulting in Variety of Adverse Effects 5.33 5.6 CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW CRITERIA 5.34 5.6.1 Loss of Irreplaceable Resources 5.34 5.6.2 Accelerated Use of Resources for Short-term Gains 5.34 5.6.3 Endangering of Species 5.34 5.6.4 Promoting Undesirable Rural-to Urban Migration 5.34 5.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 5.34 5.8 COMPLIANCE OF EMP 5.37 5.9 CONCLUSIONS 5.52 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING AND ORGANIZATION SUPPORT STRUCTURE 6.1 ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 6.2 REVIEW OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS 6.1 6.3 E&S MONITORING 6.2 6.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM (GRM) 6.4 6.4.1 Grievance Received & Resolved 6.7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: State Wise Scope of Work Proposed Under Tranche-1 1.2 Table 1.2: Details of State Wise Funding 1.2 Table 1.3: Summary of subprojects in Tranche-I Under NERPSIP 1.3 Table 1.4: Details of Transmission Network 1.5 Table 1.5: Details of Distribution Network 1.6 Table 1.6: Brief Status on Project Implementation Progress 1.9 Table 2.1: Rivers Flowing Through Project Districts 2.7 Table 2.2: Soils in Project Districts 2.10 Table 2.3: Land use Pattern of Project Districts 2.16 Table 2.4: Percentage Area under Different Forest Types of Nagaland 2.22 Table 2.5: Forest Cover in Project Districts 2.23 Table 2.6: Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area or (Green wash) in Nagaland 2.24 Table 2.7: Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb Species in different Type Groups of Nagaland 2.25 Table 2.8: Transmission Lines and Transects Locations for Vegetation Sampling 2.25 Table 2.9: RET Plant Species Reported from Study Area 2.28 Table 2.10: Wild Edible Plant Species Used by Tribes in Study Area 2.36 Table 2.11: Plant Species Used for Medicinal Purposes 2.37 Table 2.12: List of Mammals 2.41 Table 2.13: List of Avifauna 2.42 Table 2.14: List of Herpetofauna 2.45 Table 2.15: Butterflies in Nagaland 2.46 Table 2.16: Protected Areas Network in Nagaland 2.47 Table 2.17: List of Community Reserves Notified Under section 36C(1) Wildlife Protection Act 1972, in Nagaland 2.52 Table 2.18: List of Sacred Groves & Community Conserved Areas in Project Districts 2.54 Table 2.19: Important Bird Areas in Nagaland 2.59 Table 2.20: District Wise Area of Wetlands (Type-Wise) in Project Districts 2.63 Table 2.21: Demographic Profile of Project Districts 2.68 Table 2.22: Literacy Profile of Project Districts 2.68 Table 2.23: Occupational Pattern of Project Districts 2.69 Table 2.24: Main Worker Profile of Project Districts 2.69 Table 3.1: Environmental Provisions 3.3 Table 3.2: Social Provisions 3.6 Table 3.3: World Bank Operational Policy 3.9 Table 4.1: Change in Scope of Work w.r.t. IEAR 4.5 Table 4.2: Finalized Location of Transmission & Distribution Substation 4.8 Table 4.3: Type and Use of Land within Corridor of RoW 4.46 Table 4.4: Estimation of Actual Loss of Land for Tower Base & Pole 4.51 Table 4.5: Estimation on Loss of Land for Crop Damage due to Overhead Lines 4.53 Table 4.6: Loss of Trees 4.54 Table 4.7: Loss of Other Assets 4.55 Table 4.8: Summary of Impacts 4.57 Table 5.1: RoW Width & Clearance between Conductors and Trees 5.1 Table 5.2: Status of Crop & Tree Compensation 5.4 Table 5.3: Status of Land Compensation for Tower Base and Corridor 5.4 Table 5.4: Details of Slope Protection Measures 5.17 Table 5.5: Environment Monitoring Plan 5.39 Table 6.1: Details of Grievances/Complaints 6.7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Power Map of Nagaland 1.4 Figure 1.2: Proposed T&D Network in Mokokchung, Kohima, Phek, Zunheboto, Dimapur, Phek and Mon Districts under NERPSIP 1.8 Figure 2.1: Soil Map of Project Districts 2.15 Figure 2.2: Landslide Map of India 2.17 Figure 2.3: Areas Vulnerable to Erosion w.r.t. Sub-Projects 2.21 Figure 2.4: Forest Cover Map of Nagaland 2.23 Figure 2.5: Forest Cover in Project Districts 2.24 Figure 2.6: Protected Area Map of Nagaland 2.49 Figure 2.7: Distance of Sub-Projects from Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary 2.50 Figure 2.8: Distance of Sub-Projects from Rangapahar Wildlife Sanctuary 2.51 Figure 2.9: Distance of Chakasang Sacred Grove in Phek District w.r.t. to Sub-Projects 2.56 Figure 2.10: Distance of Ngaza and Ngatipang Sacred Groves in Mokokchung District w.r.t. to Sub-Project 2.57 Figure 2.11: Distance of Longkhum Community Conserved Area in Wokha District w.r.t. to Sub-Project 2.58 Figure 2.12: Distance of IBAs in Kohima District w.r.t. to Sub-Projects 2.60 Figure 2.13: Distance of Sub-Projects in Phek District w.r.t. to Nearest IBA 2.61 Figure 2.14: Wetland Area Map of Nagaland 2.62 Figure 4.1: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak 4.11 Figure 4.2: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) Transmission Line 4.12 Figure 4.3: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima- Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero 4.13 Figure 4.4: Satellite Imagery Showing Final and Alternative Routes of 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto-Mokokchung Transmission Line 4.14 Figure 4.5: Satellite Imagery Showing Final and Alternative Route of 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha Transmission Line 4.15 Figure 4.6: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at New Kohima Transmission Lines 4.16 Figure 4.7: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33 kV Mokokchung - Mariani Line to Proposed 33/11 kV Longtho S/s Distribution Line 4.17 Figure 4.8: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Zunheboto South Point Distribution Line 4.18 Figure 4.9: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Mokokchung Town Power House and Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Mokokchung Town Hospital Area Distribution Lines 4.19 Figure 4.10: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of New 132/33kV Pfutsero S/S to New 33/11kV Pfutsero Distribution Line 4.20 Figure 4.11: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Padam Pukhri Distribution Line 4.21 Figure 4.12: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/S to Existing 33/11kV S/S Akuloto Distribution Line 4.22 Figure 4.13: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/S to Existing 33/11kV S/S Torogonyu Distribution Line 4.23 Figure 4.14: Major Features en route of LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak 4.30 Figure 4.15: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Zadhima Village 4.31 Figure 4.16: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Phenza Village 4.32 Figure 4.17: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Chieswama Village 4.32 Figure 4.18: Avoidance of Agricultural Land and Institutional Area 4.33 Figure 4.19: Increase in Length of Span Between Tower 07 and Tower 08 4.34 Figure 4.20: Avoidance of Habitation in Tseminyu Village 4.36 Figure 4.21: Avoidance of Agricultural Field 4.37 Figure 4.22: Increase in Length of Span Between Pole 4 and Pole 5 over Chering River 4.39 Figure 4.23: Increase in Length of Span Between Pole 12 and Pole 13 4.41 Figure 4.24: Avoidance of Habitation Area at Pfutsero 4.42 Figure 4.25: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Nagarjan 4.43 Figure 4.26: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Naharbari 4.43 Figure 4.27: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Padampukhri 4.44 Figure 4.28: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing 4.49 Figure 4.29: 33 kV Lines (Single & H Pole) Depicting Base Area Impact 4.50 Figure 6.1: Constitution of Site Level GRC, NERPISP, Nagaland 6.5 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure I: List of Angiosperm Annexure II: Details of Tower Schedule of 132kV Lines Annexure III: NoC from Concerned Land owner/ Headman/ Village Council Annexure IV: Sample Case of Compensation Payment Annexure V: Drawing of Bird Guard/ Anti Perching Devises Annexure VI: Signed Copy of Safety Plan Submitted by Contractor Annexure VII: Safety/Penalty Provisions in Contract Conditions Annexure VIII: Approved Labour License & Insurance Policy by Contractor Annexure IX: Safety Checklists Annexure X: Details of Public Consultation LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Topographic map showing route details of 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) TL and LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at New Kohima TL Map 2: Topographic map showing route details of 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima- Mokokchung via Wokha TL and Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/s to Existing 33/11kV S/S Torogonyu DL Map 3: Topographic map showing route details of 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto- Mokokchung TL, New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/s to New 33/11kV s/s Zunheboto South Point DL and Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/s to Existing 33/11kV s/s Akuloto DL Map 4: Topographic map showing route details of LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima-Meluri (Kiphire) at Pfutsero DL and New 132/33kV Pfutsero SS to New 33/11kV Pfutsero DL Map 5: Topographic map showing route details of Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Power House DL and Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Hospital Area DL Map 6: Topographic map showing route details of Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan s/s to New 33/11kV s/s Padam Pukhri DL Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland EXECUTIVE SUMMARY North Eastern Region Power Supply Improvement Project (NERPSIP) is a World Bank funded project aimed at improving the impoverished power transmission and distribution system in the North Eastern states of India with Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (POWERGRID), the single transmission utility of the country as the implementing agency (IA). The present Final Environmental Assessment Report (FEAR) is for the transmission and distribution system in Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Mon, Phek, Wokha and Zunheboto district and has been undertaken to verify the actual locational details of the project elements, to report any impacts on the biodiversity and protected area and the project affected people, and to assess the compliance of the Initial Environmental Assessment Report (IEAR) /Environment Management Plan (EMP) prepared and submitted by the IA for the instant project. The elements of the present project include one 220 kV transmission line of 85 km, five 132 kV transmission lines of 78.333 km, construction of four new transmission sub-stations, bay extension of four transmission sub- stations, nine 33 kV distribution lines of 54.58 km, construction of nine new distribution sub-stations and augmentation/ bay extension of fourteen distribution sub-stations. The topography of the districts is mainly hilly, part of Dimapur, Mokokchung and Mon district is plain also. However, apart from one small 132 kV transmission line all the transmission lines are in hilly region. Similarly, apart from 2 distribution lines all the distribution lines are in hilly region. About 75% of the landscape has a forest cover (open forest, plantations) mostly in the hilly terrain, and the rest (25%) is constituted by jhum land, agricultural fields, settlements etc. Most of the land is privately owned and some are under the jurisdiction of the Village Council. The final layout of transmission lines has been carefully selected from three given options. The alignment has successfully avoided all reserve forests, protected areas, all ecological and social sensitive areas such as protected areas, sacred groves, community conserved areas, important bird areas, wetlands, settlements, common property resources, etc. The land use along the RoW (35 m for 220 kV and 27 m for 132 kV) of lines comprises of agricultural land, private plantation and govt. land. The original length of the line has been reduced to 163.333 km from earlier 177.05 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. As a result, the environmental RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland footprints have been reduced without any additional impacts as envisaged in IEAR. A total of 547 towers are being/to be erected for all 6 proposed transmission lines. Similarly, the distribution lines too have been aligned mostly along the existing roads and by avoiding dense forest areas. Here, the RoW corridor being narrower (15m) will further reduce the necessity of tree felling. Much of the line would only need lopping of branches for unhindered passage. The land use along the RoW of lines comprises of agricultural land, private plantation and govt. land. The original length of the line has been increased to 54.58 km from earlier 46.06 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. However, considering that distribution line has minimum environmental footprints and without any change in land use and other base line data, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. A total of around 848 poles are being/to be erected for all 9 proposed distribution lines. Sub-station locations are based on environment and social aspects and technical requirement. Various site-specific parameters that include availability of infrastructure facilities such as access roads, water, distance from railheads, type of land (Government/ revenue/private land); social impacts such as number of families getting affected; CPR including feasibility of acquisition were considered for analysis. The social aspects are provided due weightage after technical requirement in decision making for selection/finalization of land for substation. In the instant case land for all the proposed substations are either in possession of DPN or identified for purchase on willing seller–willing buyer basis. Impacts due to project have been analyzed for all the phases of project i.e. during design, construction and operation. Since, no involuntary acquisition was involved and fresh lands were secured only through private purchase there is no R & R and resettlement issues. Due to electricity supply, land value is expected to increase, therefore, possibility of land value depreciation is not envisaged. Final routes of lines and sites for construction of new sub-stations don’t involve any monuments of historical or cultural significance. Since forest area covered under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been completely avoided with careful selection of route alignment, therefore, provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 shall not prevail. However, in case of felling of trees in non-designated forest areas DPN/IA shall provide fund for compensatory afforestation for planting 3 trees for every tree to be felled subject to availability of land. As per existing law, land for tower/pole & right of way is not acquired and ownership of land remains with the owner and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland agricultural activities are allowed to continue after construction activity. However, as per existing laws compensation for all damages (tree/crop) are paid to the individual land owner. Additionally, land compensation @100% land value for tower base is also paid to land owner as per prevailing practices. execution of the projects covered in this report has not resulted in any steep rise in traffic volume. The project does not require availing clearances from Department of Railways, Department of Telecommunications, and the Ministry of Aviation. Further, the present project requires very less vehicular movement and that too restricted to construction period only. Hence, neither any interference with other utility nor steep rise in traffic volume is anticipated/ observed. The lines proposed under this scheme don’t involve any tower/ pole to be placed in river bed which could interfere with existing drainage patterns. In sub-stations, all drainage channels along or inside substations are being trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. Detailed specification with respect to equipment design and substation drainage and sewage design has been included in tender document to avoid any incidence of land and water contamination. Adequate safety measures are in place to avoid any potential fire/ explosion hazard. All the soil excavated for tower/pole footings and substations construction are optimally utilized for backfilling and the remaining soil being spread evenly and compacted. Top soil disturbed during the development of sites are used to restore the surface of the platform. Infertile and rocky material are dumped at carefully selected dumping areas and used as fill for substation/ and tower/pole foundations. Hence, possibility of erosion of exposed area due to construction activity is negligible. To contain the noise level within the permissible limits, measures like providing sound and vibration dampers and rectification of equipment are undertaken. In addition, plantations of sound absorbing species like Casuarinas, Tamarind, and Neem are raised at the substations that reduce the sound level appreciably. The proposed lines are not passing through any forest area, wildlife area. Since there is no protected area or demarcated/ documented migration path of wildlife like elephant corridor existing near to subproject locations, hence, possibility of any disturbance to wildlife is not imminent. No bird migration/fly path found in project area. Moreover, bird guard/anti perching devices are being made part of BoQ/tower design. Majority of tower/pole locations are on hilly terrain; therefore, tower/ poles have been positioned on hilltops and where ever positioning of tower on hill top is not possible leg extension is being utilized so as to minimize/ avoid RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Retaining walls are also being constructed to eliminate the chances of silt runoff/ soil erosion. Out of total 542 towers being/ to be erected approx. 66% (359 no.) are with leg extension. The excavated material has been backfilled and any remaining earth, if any have been spread around the base and compacted. In case of distribution lines all the excavated soil is backfilled and compacted after erection of tubular poles. In case of sub-station, existing one are located on flat land and adjacent to existing road and new ones are also being constructed on flat land after site clearing and leveling. So far there are no instances with potential of erosion during construction of above said lines. Any adverse impact arising during the construction is limited to the boundaries of proposed substation only and neither impacts nearby habitat/property nor health & safety of neighboring community. Tower/pole foundations involve excavations on small scale basis and the excavated soil is utilized for back filling. In case of substations, generally the sites are selected in such a manner that the volume of cutting is equal to volume of filling so as to avoid borrowing of the area. Issues relating to operational health and safety has been adequately addressed. The labourers are provided with safety gear and provisions for first aid and arrangement for shifting of affected persons to nearby hospitals are also in place. Compensation for injury and death has been ensured through provisions in Safety Plan & Contract condition. Proper sanitation facilities and safe drinking water are being provided in the project locations. The site managers have been advised to ensure that there are no instances of open defecation. The IA has a continuous monitoring mechanism of the project w.r.t. compliance of the mandatory requirements as stipulated in the IEAR. Thus, the adherences to the clauses by the contractors are regularly monitored especially in respect of EMP implementation, OHS compliance. The project has thus far had zero fatality which is indicative of the strict vigil of the IA. The Capacity building and Institutional Strengthening program of the IA is held intermittently to enhance the skills of the project officials. Further, meetings between IA and DPN are held on a monthly/ bimonthly basis to assess the work progress and difficulties encountered in respect of land acquisition, RoW and compensation if any. Public is informed about the project at every stage of execution. Public consultation using different technique like Public Meeting, Small Group Meeting, informal meetings have been carried out during different activities of project cycle. For the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), informal meetings were held with various stakeholders such as IA, contractors, labours, villagers RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland etc. to capture their view about the project. It emerged from the survey that the PAPs were appreciative of the project and hoped that the power scenario would improve after commissioning of the project. Local people are also getting benefited through project related employment that was being generated. Overall, the planning and layout of the project elements have been undertaken in a judicious manner so as to ensure minimum environmental impact. However, during the implementation phase, especially in respect of the construction, strict monitoring by the IA should be undertaken so as to ensure proper compliance by the contractors with reference to the IEAR and especially with regard to compliance of the health and safety measures. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter INTRODUCTION & PROJECT 1 DESCRIPTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND India's North East Region (NER) stretches across the eastern foothills of the Himalayan mountain range and is comprised of seven states including Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. Recognizing that intrastate Transmission & Distribution (T&D) systems in the NER states have remained very weak and that there is a critical need to improve the performance of these networks, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) developed a comprehensive scheme for the NER in consultation with POWERGRID and the concerned state governments. This scheme is intended to (a) augment the existing T&D infrastructure to improve the reliability of service delivery across all the NER states and (b) build institutional capacity of the power utilities and departments in the NER. This scheme is part of the Government of India’s (GoI) wider efforts to develop energy resources in the NER for electricity supply within the region, to strengthen transmission networks, expand and strengthen sub-transmission systems, and extend last mile electricity connectivity to household. GoI requested for World Bank’s (WB) support in implementing a set of priority investments in six NER States In 2016, the WB has approved a loan (IBRD 470 USD Million) to the GoI for North Eastern Region Power System Improvement Project (NERPSIP) which aims to create a robust intrastate transmission and distribution network in all the six (6) North Eastern States. The project being funded on 50:50 (WB loan: Gol) basis except the component of capacity building for Rs. 89 crore, which GoI will bear entirely. The scheme is to be taken up under a new Central Sector Plan Scheme of Ministry of Power (MoP). MoP, GoI has appointed Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL/ POWERGRID) as Implementing Agency (IA) to six North Eastern States for the said project under Tranche-1 in close coordination with the respective State Governments/Utilities. However, the ownership of the assets shall be with the respective State Utilities/State Government which upon progressive commissioning shall be handed over to them for taking care of Operation and Maintenance of assets. POWERGRID is also facilitating in building the institutional capacity of the state departments and utilities to continue RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland managing the rehabilitated networks in an efficient manner. The state wise scope of works proposed under Tranche-1 is given below in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: State Wise Scope of Work Proposed Under Tranche-1 Transmission/ Sub-station Distribution (33kV) (132kV & above) State Line New S/s Total MVA Line New S/s Total MVA (km) (No.) (New & Aug.) (km) (No.) (New & Aug.) Assam 233 11 1644 479 16 240 Manipur 254 2 160 131 13 229.4 Meghalaya 225 4 940 263 11 135 Mizoram 143 3 125 5 1 6.3 Nagaland 193 5 245 60 10 200 Tripura 261 9 1306.5 1096 34 450.5 Total 1309 34 4420.5 2034 85 1261.2 The project has two components namely Component A: Priority Investments for Strengthening Intrastate Transmission, Sub-transmission, and Distribution Systems, and Component B: Technical Assistance for Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening (CBIS) of Power Utilities and Departments of Participating States. The total project cost is Rs. 5111.33 Crore with financing from both GoI and Bank on 50:50 basis. The Bank is providing financial support to the tune of US$ 470 million (Rs. 2511.165 Crore) under the Loan No.-8631-IN which was signed on 28th November, 2016 and became effective from 20th February, 2017. The loan closing date is 31st March, 2023. The remaining financing including capacity building will be met through Govt. of India funding. Details of State wise funding is placed below in Table 1.2. Table 1.2: Details of State Wise Funding World Bank Government of India Total State Project Cost Project Cost Capacity Building (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) (Rs. in Cr.) Assam 729.485 729.485 14.83 1473.803 Manipur 213.690 213.690 14.83 442.213 Meghalaya 381.050 381.050 14.83 776.933 Mizoram 150.965 150.965 14.83 316.763 Nagaland 357.290 357.290 14.83 729.413 Tripura 678.685 678.685 14.83 1372.203 Total 2511.165 2511.165 89.00 5111.33 1.2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION The State of Nagaland is spread over an area of about 16,579 sq. km with a population of more than 19.80 lakh. The State of Nagaland faces significant bottlenecks in electricity access and availability. The present per capita energy consumption is of the order of 218 units (kWh) against the regional per capita RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland consumption of about 258 units and national per capita consumption of about 779 units. Department of Power, Nagaland (DPN) has generation capacity of 24 MW at Likimro Hydro Power Project of its own. Other mini hydel plants under the state sector are DuilumRoi stage I (0.54 MW), DuilomRoi stage II (0.2 MW), Telangsao (0.6 MW), Lang (1 MW) summing up to 26.34 MW. Apart from these sources of generation the remaining power requirements for DPN is met through its share from Central Sector Power generation and power purchases from electricity traders/other sources, which is wheeled through the PGCIL network of North Eastern Region. The present average peak demand of the State stands at 120 MW which is again restricted to 80 MW due to infrastructural constraints especially in the Transmission and Distribution networks. Besides this, the present Intra-State transmission system of the State is quite old & weak and is unable to cater to the growing power requirements of the State. Although the present transmission and distribution (T&D) system covers many areas of the State, it is inadequate in its reach and due to non- availability of redundant T&D system, outage of any transmission system element results in long term power shortages making the system highly unreliable. Besides, some of the network elements have undergone long term outage due to break-down. Therefore, it has become essential to address the above situation through remedial measures in the T&D system. Accordingly, phase wise strengthening of transmission & sub-transmission system has been proposed. The transmission schemes proposed under Tranche-1 of Nagaland State include construction of 193 km of 220/132 kV Transmission Lines (TL) & associated 5 nos. new substation and 59 km of 33 kV Distribution Lines (DL) & associated 10 nos. substation along with augmentation & strengthening of transmission and sub-transmission spread across the State. The Power Map of Nagaland indicating the existing and proposed T&D network is placed in Figure 1.1. Summary of subprojects to be implemented in the State in Tranche-1 under NERPSIP along with capacity addition and cost is shown in Table 1.3 below. Table 1.3: Summary of Subprojects in Tranche- I Under NERPSIP S. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost Name of the subproject No. (Nos.) (km/MVA) (Rs. in Cr.) 1 220/132 kV Transmission lines 7 193 km 220/132 kV substations 729.413 2 10 245 MVA (New/Augmentation) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Quantity Capacity Addition Estimated Cost Name of the subproject No. (Nos.) (km/MVA) (Rs. in Cr.) 3 33 kV Distribution lines 10 59 km 33/11kV substations 4 25 200 MVA (New/Augmentation) Figure 1.1: Power Map of Nagaland 1.3 PROJECT BENEFIT The proposed transmission and distribution schemes will not only improve overall power supply situation but will also improve reliability, quality, security and enhancement of power supply of the state. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 1.4 PROJECT SCOPE & PRESENT STUDY In line with DPN’s Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Framework (ESPPF), POWERGRID carried out comprehensive environment and social assessment of each subprojects and prepared Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR). These reports were subsequently disclosed for public information both on the State Utility, POWERGRID and Bank website after obtaining clearance from The World Bank. As mandated in the ESPPF, a Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) for each subproject need to be prepared with an objective to assess the compliance of mitigation measures identified in IEAR including implementation of EMP provisions by IA/ Contractor. However, as per Project Agreement signed between POWERGRID and Bank such study is required to be undertaken by Independent Agencies as per Term of Reference agreed with Bank. As a part of this development, POWERGRID appointed R S Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (RSET) as Independent consultant vide LOA Ref No.: NEGW/C&M/2019-20/NERPSIP/600-27/FEAR-NAG/LOA-24/311 dated 29/10/2019 to carry out FEAR study. The present Final Environment Assessment Report (FEAR) is a document developed as a consultancy assignment to validate the work undertaken and to critically examine any deviation, if any with respect to management measures as outlined in the IEAR which is based on DPN’s ESPPF, World Bank’s Operational Policies and Bank’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution. The scope of the present study includes 220/132 kV transmission line and associated 220/132/33 kV substations, 33 kV distribution lines and associated 33/11 kV substations which are being implemented in Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Mon, Phek, Wokha and Zunheboto Districts of Nagaland. Detail of T&D network are given below and shown in Figure 1.2. 1.4.1 Transmission Components The present study includes six 220/132 kV transmission lines and associated eight 220/132/33 kV substations being implemented in Kohima, Mokokchung, Phek, Wokha and Zunheboto Districts of Nagaland. Details of Transmission network are given below in Table 1.4. Table 1.4: Details of Transmission Network S. Name of New/ Existing Sub- Project Name of the Line No. station District/s 1 LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- Mokokchung RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of New/ Existing Sub- Project Name of the Line No. station District/s Mokokchung Line at Longnak station at Longnak (New) 132 kV D/C New Kohima Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- 2 (Zadhima) to New Secretariat station at Secretariat Complex Kohima Complex (NU Campus) Kohima (New) LILO of both Circuit of Kohima Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- 3 – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Phek station at Pfutsero (New) Pfutsero Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub- Wokha station at Wokha 132 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- Zunheboto 4 Wokha - Zunheboto - station at Zunheboto (New) Mokokchung Line Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub- station at Mokokchung (State Mokokchung Owned) 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Bay extension of 220/132 kV Kohima, Wokha, 5 New Kohima - Mokokchung via existing Sub-station at Zunheboto Wokha Line Mokokchung (PGCIL owned) LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima - Bay extension of 220/132 kV 6 Wokha Line at 220 kV New existing sub-station at New Kohima Kohima Sub-station Kohima 1.4.2 Distribution Components The present study includes nine 33 kV distribution lines and associated twenty-four 33 kV substations being implemented in Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Mon, Phek, Wokha and Zunheboto Districts of Nagaland. Details of Distribution network are given below in Table 1.5. Table 1.5: Details of Distribution Network S. Project Name of the Line Name of New/ Existing Sub-station No. District/s 33 kV line from tapping point of existing 33/11 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- 1 Mokokchung Mokokchung - Mariani Line at station at Longtho (New) Longtho Sub-station 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Zunheboto (new) to 33/11 kV 2 station at Zunheboto South Point Zunheboto Zunheboto South Point (new) (New) Sub-station 33 kV line from 66 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Mokokchung (existing) to 3 station at Mokokchung Power Mokokchung 33/11 kV Mokokchung Power House (New) House (new) Sub-station 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- 4 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town station at Mokokchung Town Mokokchung Hospital Area (new) Sub- Hospital Area (New) station 5 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Kohima RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Project Name of the Line Name of New/ Existing Sub-station No. District/s Kohima (new) Sub-station to station at Zhadima (Chiephobozou) 33/11 kV Zhadima (new) Sub- (New) station 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- 6 Pfutsero (new) to 33/11 kV Phek station at Pfutsero (New) Pfutsero (new) Sub-station 33 kV line from existing Bay extension of 132/66/33 kV Sub- Dimapur 132/66/33 kV Nagarjan Sub- station at Nagarjan 7 station to new 33/11 kV Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Dimapur Padampukhri Sub-station station at Padampukhri (New) 33 kV line from 33/11 Akuloto Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) Zunheboto (existing) Sub-station to 33/11 Sub-station at Akuloto 8 kV Suruhuto (existing) Sub- Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) Zunheboto station Sub-station at Suruhoto 33 kV line from existing 33/11 kV Pughoboto Sub-station to Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) 9 Kohima existing 33/11 kV Torogonyu Sub-station at Pughoboto Sub-station Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Mon station at Tizit (New) Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Kohima station at Lalmati (Zubza) (New) Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub-station at Mokokchung Changtongya Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub-station at Mokokchung Mangkolemba Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub-station at Wokha Wokha Power House Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV Wokha (Existing) Sub-station at Chukitong Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV Kohima (Existing) Sub-station at Tseminyu Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV Kohima (Existing) Sub-station at Botsa Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV Kohima (Existing) Sub-station at ITI Kohima Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV Kohima (Existing) Sub-station at Chakabama Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub-station at Industrial Dimapur Estate Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub-station at Referral Dimapur Hospital RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 1.2: Proposed T&D Network in Mokokchung, Kohima, Phek, Zunheboto, Dimapur, Phek and Mon Districts under NERPSIP RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.8 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 1.5 OVERALL PROJECT PROGRESS A brief status on project implementation progress of various transmission & distribution components till March, 2020 is given below in Table 1.6. Table 1.6: Brief Status on Project Implementation Progress S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. A Transmission and Distribution Line ➢ 5 out of 5 tower foundation completed LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung 1 ➢ 5 out of 5 tower erection completed Line at Longnak ➢ Stringing (0.637 km) yet to commence ➢ 22 out of 48 tower foundation completed 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to 2 ➢ 9 out of 48 tower erection completed New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) ➢ Stringing (13.971 km) yet to commence ➢ 10 out of 10 tower foundation completed LILO of both Circuit of 132 kV S/C Kohima 3 ➢ 7 out of 10 tower erection completed – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero ➢ Stringing (2.685 km) yet to commence ➢ 9 out of 168 tower foundation completed 132 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Wokha - ➢ Tower erection (168 Nos.) yet to 4 Zunheboto -Mokokchung Line commence ➢ Stringing (50.293 km) yet to commence ➢ 85 out of 285 tower foundation completed 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima - ➢ 17 out of 285 tower erection 5 Mokokchung via Wokha Line completed ➢ Stringing (86.942 km) yet to commence ➢ 16 out of 33 tower foundation completed LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima - Wokha Line 6 ➢ Tower erection (33 Nos.) yet to at 220 kV New Kohima Sub-station commence ➢ Stringing (9.54 km) yet to commence 33 kV line from tapping point of existing ➢ 14 out of 44 poles casted and 7 33/11 kV Mokokchung - Mariani Line at erected Longtho Sub-station ➢ Stringing (1.2 km) yet to commence ➢ 38 out of 93 poles casted and 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Zunheboto erected 8 (new) to 33/11 kV Zunheboto South ➢ Stringing (5.186 km) yet to Point (new) Sub-station commence Re survey of 16 km of route alignment 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung has been completed with DPN, Nagaland 9 (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town and report submitted to NERPSIP, Hospital Area (new) Sub-station* Guwahati RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.9 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. Completed 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Kohima (new) ➢ 13 out of 13 poles erected (1 no. 4 10 Sub-station to 33/11 kV Zhadima (new) pole, 3 nos. double pole & 3 nos. Sub-station single pole) ➢ Stringing (0.542 km) completed 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Pfutsero ➢ 13 out of 133 poles casted and 11 (new) to 33/11 kV Pfutsero (new) Sub- erected station ➢ Stringing (3.6 km) yet to commence ➢ 112 out of 192 poles casted and 33 kV line from existing 132/66/33 kV erected 12 Nagarjan Sub-station to new 33/11 kV ➢ Stringing (6.152 km) yet to Padampukhri (new) Sub-station commence 33 kV line from 33/11 Akuloto (existing) ➢ Checking of the survey going on due 13 Sub-station to 33/11 kV Suruhuto to excessive number of poles/ km (existing) Sub-station 33 kV line from existing 33/11 kV ➢ Survey completed from Pughoboto 14 Pughoboto Sub-station to existing 33/11 Jn. to Pughoboto balance Torogonyu kV Torogonyu Sub-station to Pughoboto Jn. yet to be done B Transmission and Distribution Sub-stations ➢ Land area measuring 4.7 acre secured from single landowner through private purchase on willing buyer willing seller based on 132/33 kV Sub-station at Longnak (New) negotiated/market rate. 1 (2 x 25 MVA) ➢ CRB under progress. ➢ Boundary wall, equipment foundation work under progress. ➢ Land area measuring 3.4 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN. ➢ Site levelling works almost completed ➢ RCC Retaining wall construction is under progress 132/33 kV Sub-station at Secretariat ➢ 10 no. 132 kV Tower 1 no. LM Tower 2 Complex Kohima (New) foundation casting completed (2 x 25 MVA) ➢ Till date more than 1000 Cu.M. RCC casting done ➢ Excavation works started for Column Footing of CRB ➢ 1 no. 25 MVA TFR Fdn. Construction works under progress 132/33 kV Sub-station at Pfutsero (New) ➢ Land area measuring 4.94 acre 3 (2 x 25 MVA) secured from single landowner RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.10 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. through private purchase on willing buyer willing seller based on negotiated/market rate. ➢ Re-Engineering of the layout is being taken up by the CC Engg. in order to protect the site from the landslide. ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub-station 4 fresh land secured at Wokha ➢ Civil work complete & equipment erection work yet to commence ➢ Land area measuring 14.64 acre secured from six landowners through private purchase on willing buyer 132/33 kV Sub-station at Zunheboto willing seller based on 5 (New) negotiated/market rate. (2 x 25 MVA) ➢ Site leveling under progress. ➢ Civil work under progress ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub-station 6 fresh land secured at Mokokchung (State Owned) ➢ Civil work & equipment erection work under progress ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 220/132 kV Sub-station 7 fresh land secured at Mokokchung (PGCIL owned) ➢ Civil work & equipment erection work under progress ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 220/132/33 kV Sub- 8 fresh land secured station at New Kohima (Zhadima) ➢ Civil work & equipment erection work almost complete ➢ Land area measuring 1.04 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 33/11 kV Sub-station at Longtho (New) 9 ➢ Excavation: 40/40 Nos. PCC: 40/40 (2 x 5 MVA) Nos. RCC up to Plinth Beam: 36/40 Nos. Plinth Beam- 86 m RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.11 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. ➢ 1 no. Transformer pad completed and another up to wing wall level completed ➢ Land area measuring 0.76 acre is 33/11 kV Sub-station at Zunheboto Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 10 South Point (New) (2 x 5 MVA) ➢ Rafting in both the Transformer Pads are completed. ➢ Land area measuring 0.15 acre is 33/11 kV Sub-station at Mokokchung Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 11 Power House (New) (2 x 10 MVA) ➢ Civil work & equipment erection work yet to commence ➢ Land area measuring 0.20 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN 33/11 kV Sub-station at Mokokchung ➢ 2 no. of TFR foundation completed 12 Town Hospital Area (New) (2 x 5 MVA) ➢ Control room building up to plinth level completed, Column completed, roof casting in progress. ➢ Land area measuring 0.37 acre is 33/11 kV Sub-station at Zhadima Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 13 (Chiephobozou) (New) (2 x 2.5 MVA) ➢ Equipment erection work under progress ➢ Land area measuring 0.15 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN 33/11 kV Sub-station at Pfutsero (New) 14 ➢ Tower foundation work under (2 x 5 MVA) progress ➢ Transformer Erection 2 no completed ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 132/66/33 kV Sub- 15 fresh land secured station at Nagarjan ➢ Equipment erection work under progress ➢ Land area measuring 0.74 acre secured from single landowners through private purchase on willing 33/11 kV Sub-station at Padampukhri buyer willing seller based on 16 (New) negotiated/market rate. (2 x 10 MVA) ➢ Civil work yet to be completed ➢ Erection work under progress Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub- ➢ Required land for extension work 17 station at Akuloto already available in the existing RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.12 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. substation premise and hence, no fresh land secured ➢ Excavation for Control Room building columns is completed ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub- substation premise and hence, no 18 station at Suruhoto fresh land secured (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Excavation for Transformer Pad foundation is completed ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Bay extension of 33/11 kV (Existing) Sub- fresh land secured 19 station at Pughoboto (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Transformer foundation completed ➢ Transformer reached at site for erection. ➢ Land area measuring 0.15 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 33/11 kV Sub-station at Tizit (New) 20 (2 x 5 MVA) ➢ Transformers test charged on 02.10.2019, yet to be handed over to DPN ➢ Land area measuring 0.33 acre is Govt. land and is provided by DPN. 33/11 kV Sub-station at Lalmati (Zubza) 21 (New) ➢ Transformers test charged on (2 x 5 MVA) 19.06.2019, yet to be handed over to DPN ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 22 (Existing) Sub-station at Changtongya (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Transformer foundation completed. ➢ 4 pole equipment foundation completed. ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 23 (Existing) Sub-station at Mangkolemba (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Transformer foundation completed. ➢ 4 pole equipment foundation completed. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.13 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. ➢ Cable trench completed ➢ Land area measuring 0.47 acre secured from six landowners through Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV DPN on willing buyer willing seller (Existing) Sub-station at Wokha Power 24 based on negotiated/market rate. House (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Survey report is submitted for approval from DPN ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 25 (Existing) Sub-station at Chukitong (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ CRB Columns are concreted ➢ Transformer foundation completed ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV substation premise and hence, no 26 (Existing) Sub-station at Tseminyu fresh land secured (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Excavation done for transformer foundation. ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 27 (Existing) Sub-station at Botsa (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Commissioned on 01.07.2019 (test charged yet to be put into commercial operation) ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured (Existing) Sub-station at ITI Kohima 28 {Replacement of (2x5MVA) Transformer ➢ (Commissioned on 7.04.2019 and with (2x10MVA)} 25.09.2019 both the transformers have been put into commercial operation. Provisional handing over done to DPN on 20.01.2020) ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 29 (Existing) Sub-station at Chakabama (1 x 5 MVA) ➢ Commissioned on 13.05.2019 (put into operation but formal handing over to be done) 30 Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV ➢ Required land for extension work RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.14 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of the T & D Components Progress as on March, 2020 No. (Existing) Sub-station at Industrial Estate already available in the existing (1 x 10 MVA) substation premise and hence, no fresh land secured ➢ Commissioned on 18.03.2019 and handed over to DPN Nagaland ➢ Required land for extension work already available in the existing substation premise and hence, no Capacity augmentation of 33/11 kV fresh land secured 31 (Existing) Sub-station at Referral Hospital (1 x 10 MVA) ➢ CRB work yet to be completed. ➢ Erection work under progress. Note: * 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Hospital Area (new) Sub-station includes 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Power House (new) Sub-station also 1.6 OBJECTIVE & METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR FEAR STUDY The main objectives of the FEAR study are to assess the mitigative measures as suggested in IEAR and/or EMP are effectively implemented/ addressed at the ground during pre-construction & construction stages of project cycles. The study also helps in establishing the status of compliance of various mitigation/management measures provided in the IEAR/EMP and suggests gaps or weaknesses, if any. To achieve this, RSET undertook a comprehensive biophysical, environmental, socioeconomic data gathering exercise along the transmission/ distribution line routes and substations location to assess/verify the actual site-specific measures implemented/ being implemented by IA/ Contractor in respect of measure/ actions listed in IEAR/EMP. The methodologies adopted for instant FEAR are as follows: Review of existing reports: Review of existing reports and data prepared and generated by POWERGRID such as Initial Environment Assessment Report (IEAR), Environment and Social Policy & Procedures Framework (ESPPF), Compensatory Plan for Temporary Damage (CPTD) etc. was undertaken and suitably incorporated in the present report. Literature review: Review of existing literature was undertaken for collection of secondary baseline data related to physiography, climatic conditions, demography, natural resources including forests/wildlife, protected area and socio-economic features of the study area. Sources and data so collected have been mentioned below: RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.15 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • ‘A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India’ by Champion and Seth (1968) was used for forest type classification of forests in the study area. • Data collected from published literature of Zoological Survey of India, Forest Survey of India, Botanical Survey of India and other research and government publications for floral and faunal diversity of the study area. • Soil map of the study area was prepared using ‘Soils of Nagaland for Optimising Land Use, NBSS Publ.67b, 2000’ published by National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), Nagpur. • Conservation status of flora and fauna of the study area as per Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972), threatened status according to IUCN Red List 2020.1, Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. • Census of India 2011 for demography of the study area. Collection of primary data and Physical verification of construction elements: To gather primary data/ physical verification, a field visit/ survey of the project area along with IA and Contractor staff was made in January 2020. The data which has been collected from field visit are implementation status of proposed environmental management plan and mitigation measures as suggested in IEAR. Ground truthing/ physical verification was made with photographic evidence and verification of record maintained by IA and Contracts for various activities for monitoring the compliance of mitigation measures like Health and Safety measures, Solid waste and sanitation, construction of protection wall/ retaining walls, status of labour camps location of proposed substations, towers, and Transmission & Distribution Lines alignments. Findings of field survey were consolidated along with secondary data for interpretation and finding the gaps for immediate necessary action. Surveys for flora and fauna: Being a transmission line project, phyto- sociological surveys for assessment of vegetation structure/ profile in the proximity of the proposed transmission lines, corridors of transmission line routes, sub-stations, etc. were conducted wherein line transact methodology has been followed. Faunal surveys also were conducted along the same transects. As the topography along the routes varied from foothills to top of the hills. It was therefore, not feasible to chart the entire routes of proposed RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.16 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland transmission line as large part of the routes has steep slopes and due to issues of accessibility at present. However, during the field surveys at least 10% of the route was covered for the collection of baseline data, which in some cases constituted a continuous stretch and in some cases could be covered in parts. The results of the primary field surveys were supplemented with secondary data to fill the gaps and further with the information generated through PRA. In addition, at all the sites bird walks were also undertaken, particularly areas under private plantations nearby the routes to locate nesting sites and for bird sightings. Consultation: Consultation was carried out with stakeholders like POWERGRID officials, Department of Power, Nagaland officials, Contractor, migratory labours, local labours, Gram Burrah (village head) and public representatives to collect data with respect to compliance of suggested Environmental Management Plan and implementation of mitigation measures. Development of Maps: Geo-referenced and Google maps with superimposed coordinates of project elements were generated to verify locational details and details of physical features of terrain of the project locations. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 1.17 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter 2 BASELINE DATA 2.1 INTRODUCTION Impact Assessment defines and assesses the potential physical, biological, and socio-economic impacts of a project and helps in formulating management and mitigation measures to minimize the impacts to a great extent. This chapter deals with the baseline status of physical, biological, socio-economic environment in the project districts as well as study area. 2.2 STUDY AREA DISTRICTS The project is an intra-state power sector project located in the State of Nagaland and project area covers Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung, Mon, Phek, Wokha, and Zunheboto districts of Nagaland. Dimapur district lies between 25°45' and 26°00' North latitude and 93°30' and 93°54' East longitude and is bounded by Kohima district on the East and Peren district in the South and Assam on its North and West. It is the most populous district of Nagaland. Total Geographical Area of the district is 927 sq km. Kohima district lies in the south-western part of Nagaland. It has an area of 1463 sq km. Kohima is located at 25°40’N to 25°67’ North latitude and 94°07’ to 94°12’ E longitude and has an average elevation of 1261m above sea level. It shares its borders with Assam State and Dimapur District in the West, Phek District in the East, Manipur State and Peren District in the South and Wokha District in the North. Mokokchung district is located between 26°20′N to 26°33’N latitude and 94°32′ to 94°53’E longitude. The district headquarters, Mokokchung, is at an elevation of 1,326 meters above mean sea level. The District has a total Geographical Area of 1615 sq km and is bounded by the state of Assam to its north, Tuensang to its east, Zunheboto to its south and Wokha and Assam to its west. Mon district is located between 26°43′ to 26°717´N latitude and 95°02′ to 95°33´E longitude. Total geographical area of the district is 1786 Sq.km. The district is bounded on the North by Sibsagar District of Assam, on the South by Tuensang District of Nagaland and Myanmar (Burma), on the East by Myanmar (Burma) and on the West by Tuensang and Mokokchung Districts of Nagaland. On the Northeast lies the Tirap District of Arunachal Pradesh. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Phek district is in southern part of Nagaland located between 94°35’to 94°38’E longitude and 25°37’ to 25°39’N latitude. It is bounded by Zunheboto and Tuensang to the north, Manipur and Myanmar to the south and east and Kohima district to the west, the district has an area of 2,026 sq. km. Wokha District is situated in the mid-western part of Nagaland State, adjacent to Sibsagar plain of the Assam State. It is bounded by Mokokchung District in the North, Kohima District in the South. Zunheboto District in the East and the State of the Assam in the West. The Wokha District is situated at a latitude of 26°80’ North and a longitude of 94°18’ East with a total geographical area of 1628 sq km. Zunheboto district is located between 25°6´ to 26°4´N latitude and 93°20´ to 95°15´E longitude and is bounded by Phek in the south, Kohima and Wokha in the west, Mokokchung in the north and Tuensang and Kiphire in the east. It has total geographical area of 1255 sq km. 2.2.1 Physical Environment Dimapur district, on the basis of basis of topography and physical features can be divided into two distinct regional and natural divisions, namely, (1) Jalukie- Medziphema Hills Tract and (2) Dimapur Plains, the first covering the hilly regions while the later covers mostly the plain areas. The major part of the district falls in Dimapur plain area. The Jalukie-Medziphema Hills Tract covers the administrative circles of Dhansiripar, Dimapur Sadar, Medziphema, Nihokhu, Kuhoboto and Niuland. The altitude of the hills in this region is on an average low varying from 150 meters to 600 meters above mean sea level. Geologically, this region is confined to Tipan Series and Changapara formation (Pliocene) and Barail Series, Simsang formation of Garo Hills (Oligocene). The soils are Udalfs- Ochrepts with small areas of Ochrepts-Orthents at the northernmost tip (high base soils of humid regions, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils of northern regions recently formed soils). The Dimapur Plains cover Dimapur town and parts of administrative circles of Dimapur Sadar Dhansiripar, Chümukedima and Medziphema. The region is the only plain sub-micron region in Nagaland. Dimapur is a fast-developing town in this region both industrially and commercially and has good communication with the rest of the country. The mean elevation of Dimapur is 260 meters above sea level. Geologically, this region is composed of Alluvium (Recent) and Burma Series and Baghmara formation of Garo Hills RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland (Miocene). Soils are combination of Ochrepts-Orthents, Udalfs (shallow black, brown alluvial, recently formed soils, high base status soils of humid regions. Kohima district forms an irregular plateau with the elevated ridges and peaks. The Barail range enters the district from the south-west. Following a northward direction, the range continues through Wokha into Mokokchung and Tuensang. Kohima, the district and state headquarters, is situated on a saddle, north of the Japfü-Barail intersections. It commands charming scenery and a magnificent landscape. The highest peak in the district is Japfü (3,014 meters) and is situated in southern part of this region. Another peak called Terogvuthun is in the northern part of Kohima in Rengma areas. Based on topography and physical features the district can be divided into two distinct regional and natural divisions, namely, (i) Kohima Hills and (ii) Tseminyu Hills. Kohima Hills is spread over the northeast-south-western portion of the district and comprises the administrative circles of Chiephobozou, Botsa, Kezocha, Jakhama, Kohima Sadar and Sechu-Zubza. Tseminyu Hills is situated on the north-western part of the district and occupies the administrative circles of Tseminyu and Tsogin. The altitude of this region varies from 600 meters to 1,800 meters. Geologically the region belongs to Dihing Series, Dupitila Series, Jaintia Series, Barail Series and Simang formation of Garo Hills. The soils are a combination of Ustalfs-Aqualfs- Aquepts, Udalfs-Orthents-Fluvents and Ochrepts-Orthents. Mokokchung district is mainly hilly and the plain areas are very limited. The district is situated on the hill ranges of Naga Hills which is a dismembered extension of the eastern Himalayan Mountain. The hill ranges traverse more or less parallel to one another in a north-east to south-west direction. The average height of the hills varies between 1,000 meters and 1,200 meters above mean sea level. The district headquarters, Mokokchung, is at an elevation of 1,326 meters above mean sea level. There are 6 important ranges in the district. They are Japukong, Jangpetkong, Asetkong, Langpangkong, Ongpangkong and Tsurangkong. Japukong and Jangpetkong ran almost parallel to one another. Langpangkong is the easternmost range and Ongpangkong the southernmost while Asetkong is in the central position. The hill ranges are generally higher in altitude on the eastern side of the district than that of the hills of the western side. Most parts of the region are covered with thick jungles and deciduous trees which yield valuable timber and firewood. On the basis of topography and physical features the district can be divided into two distinct regional and natural divisions, namely, (i) Eastern RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Mokokchung Hills and (ii) Western Mokokchung Hills. Eastern Mokokchung Hills is spread over the eastern portion of the district and comprises the administrative circles of Ongpangkong, Kubolong, Chuchuyimlang, Changtongya, part of Tuli and Mokokchung town. The region is entirely hilly. The region has a maximum height of 1,800 meters found in Ongpangkong circle and a minimum height of about 400 meters found near Tuli station. Geologically the region belongs to Dihing Series, Dupitila Series, Jaintia Series, Barail Series and Simang formation of Garo Hills. The soils are Ustalfs-Aqualfs- Aquepts and Ochrepts-Orthents. Western Mokokchung Hills spreads over the western portion of the district and occupies the administrative circles of Alongkima, Longchem, Mangkolemba and part of Tuli. The region has a maximum height of 1,200 meters which is found in Mangkolemba circle. The soils are a combination of Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts, Udalfs-Orthents-Fluvents and Ochrepts-Orthents. Mon district is mainly hilly, and the plain areas are very limited. The district is situated on the hill ranges of Naga Hills which is a dismembered extension of the eastern Himalayan Mountain. The hill ranges traverse more or less parallel to one another in a north-east to south-west direction. The district headquarters, Mon, is at an elevation of 898 meters above mean sea level. Based on topography and physical features the district can be divided into three distinct regional and natural divisions, namely, (i) Champang-Phomching Hilly Region, (ii) Mon Hilly Region and (iii) Singhphan-Chiknuyu Rolling Hills. Champang-Phomching Hilly Region lies on the southern portion of the district and comprises the administrative circles of Champang, Chen, Phomching and part of Mon Sadar. The region is entirely hilly, and the ranges spread towards east. The altitude of the rages varies from 400 to 1,800 meters approximately. The region consists mainly of tropical deciduous forests. The alpine forests are also visible on the top of the hills of this region. Vegetation is dense along the eastern part bordering Myanmar. Geologically the region belongs to Disang Series, Jaintia Series, Barail Series and Simang formation of Garo Hills. The soils are Orthents-Ochrepts. Mon Hilly Region traverse the middle portion of the district from the east to the west covering the administrative circle of Mon town and part of Naginimora, Mon Sadar and Tizit circles. The altitude of the ranges varies from 400 to 1,800 meters. The district headquarters is situated in this region. The entire region is hilly and the ranges slope down towards the north. The ranges are covered with tropical forests of different varieties. Geologically the region consists of Disang Series (Eocene), Jaintia Series and Simang formation of RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Garo Hills (Oligocene). The soils are the combination of Ustalfs- Ochrepts – Aquepts, Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts and Orthents-Ochrepts. Singhphan-Chiknuyu Rolling Hills is situated in the extreme northern part of the district bordering Assam in the north and covers part of administrative circles of Tizit, Mon Sadar and Naginimora. The entire region is low lying area with undulating hills having an altitude varying from 200 to 600 meter approximately. The region is covered by sub-tropical forest of various species of trees useful for commercial purposes. From the geological point of view the region consists of Tipam Series and Chengapara formation (Pliocene), Dihing Series, Dupitila Series (Pleistocene), Barail Series and Simang formation of Garo Hills (Oligocene) and Jaintia Series and Disang Series (Eocene). The soils are the combination of Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Aquepts, Ustalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents and Ustalfs-Aqualfs-Aquepts. Phek district is hilly with an altitude of about 1,444 meters above the sea level. The Phek district is sheltered by the Japfü peak to the west. The peak is 8,493 ft. high and is situated in the east of Meluri. Another peak named Terapimithu (7,200 ft.) is situated near Phek. The summits of the lofty peak are thickly wooded and clad with evergreen vegetation. The foothills are, however, deforested for jhum cultivation, yet these places have beautiful landscapes. The topography of Phek district is undulating with gentle slope to high slope. Wokha district is situated in the mid-western part of Nagaland, adjacent to the Sibsagar plains of the Assam State. The district more or less shares the same topographical character of the other district of Nagaland having ranges and ridges bisected by seasonal streams. Based on topography and physical features the district can be divided into three distinct ranges, namely, (i) Bhandari range or Lower Range, (ii) Sanis range and (iii) Wokha range. Bhandari range or Lower Range is the outer most part of the district which extends from Japukong range in the Mokokchung district and gradually slopes down to the Assam plains in the north-western side. Two of the most fertile valleys of the district namely, Baghty and Churang are situated in this range. This valley area is a long stretch of land and also the home of varieties of species of flora and fauna. These valleys are part of the lower range and possess the largest valley areas in the district. Of the two, the Baghty valley is the largest. The western part of the range gradually slopes down and merges with the plain of Assam. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Sanis range or the middle range is separated distinctly from the upper range by the Doyang River. The middle range appears to have merged with the Changkikong range emerging out of Mokokchung District in the north. It is a long and continuous stretch of hilly range starting with Mekokla in the north to Phyochu in the south. Had the Doyang River did not change its direction to south-west cutting this range from Phyochu, it would have extended up to Ralan area in a continuous stretch and merged with the Lower or the Bhandari range. The area is mostly hilly with rugged terrain throughout the stretch of land. On both sides of the middle range lie the intermontane valleys or low- lying areas. In the east the range dips steeply into the Doyang River and is marked by steep slopes. The west side of the range is characterized by gentle slopes which moves down and merges with the Baghty and Churang valleys. Wokha range or the upper range covers the upper area and lies in the eastern and northern parts of the district. It is a long chain of ranges and starts from Rengma area in Kohima district and gradually bends eastwards till it reaches river Doyang. It is dominated and characterized by hilly terrains and rugged topography. Major portion of this range is composed of landforms with high elevation varying from 200 to 1970 meters above mean sea level. The highest mountain peak in the district is Wokha peak which is locally called Tiyi Enung and on the foot of lies Wokha town, the district headquarter. The altitude of this peak (Tiyi Enung) is 1,969.61 meter. The peak is believed by some groups of the Lothas, Semas and Aos, to be a repository of their deceased. There are not many valleys in this district due to the steep character of the hills. The most important valleys are Baghty and Churang. Baghty is in lower range and is comparatively big and the land there is fertile. Churang valley is also in lower range and is in Akok – Mekokla area. Zunheboto district is centrally located within the state of Nagaland. The district is entirely hilly. The shape of the district is semi-rectangular and extends in south-north directions. The district can be divided into two sub- micron regions based on geology, soil, rainfall, climate and vegetation namely, (i) Western Zunheboto Hills, and (ii) Eastern Zunheboto Hills. The western Zunheboto hills are situated in the western part of the district bounded by Mokokchung district on the north, Wokha district on the west and Kohima district on the south and covers an area of 23 sq km approximately. The region covers the administrative circles of V.K., Akuluto, Atoizu, Akuhaito, Suruhoto (partly), Pughoboto and Ghathashi. There are many hill ranges running more or less parallel to one another extending from northeast to southeast. The tributaries of the river Doyang flow through this RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland region towards west. Geologically the region consists of Eocene (Jaintia series, Disang series) and Oligocene (Barail series and Simsang formulation of Garo hills) the soils are a combination of Udalf-Ochrepts-Orthents-Fluvents (high base status soils of humid regions, shallow black, brown and alluvial soils of northern region, recently formed soils and alluvial soils). The eastern Zunheboto hills region covers the administrative circles of Asuto, Ahgunato, Satoi, Zunheboto town and parts of Suruhuto, Zunheboto Sadar, Saptiqa and Satakha covering an area of about 53.2 sq km approximately. The altitude of the region varies from 1,200 meters to 2,400 meters above mean sea level. The hill ranges run more or less from northeast to southwest direction. The geology of the region is also of Eocene (Jaintia series, Disang series) and Oligocene (Barail series and Simsang formulation of Garo hills). Like the region of the western Zunheboto Hills the soils are the combination of Udalfs-Ochrepts-Orthents-Fluvents. 2.2.1.1 River System Project districts have several seasonal and perennial rivers and rivulets. The major rivers of Nagaland include Doyang, Dikhu, Dhansiri, Tizu, Tsurong, Nanung, Tsurang or Disai, Tsumok, Menung, Dzu, Langlong, Zunki, Likimro, Lanye, Dzuza and Manglu. All these rivers are dendritic in nature. While Dhansiri, Doyang and Dikhu flow westward into the Brahmaputra, the Tizu River, on the other hand, flows towards east and joins the Chindwin River in Burma. The main rivers flowing through project districts are given below in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Rivers Flowing Through Project Districts S. No. Name of District Name of River 1 Dimapur Dhansiri 2 Kohima Diyung, Nzhu, Zubza 3 Mokokchung Milak, Dikhu, Tsurang, Chubi, Tsumok, Menung 4 Mon Tapi, Yangnyu, Tikong, Tiru, Tijap, Dikhu 5 Phek Tizu, Lanye, Sedzu 6 Wokha Doyang, Chubi, Nzhu 7 Zunheboto Tizu, Doyang, Tsuthon 2.2.1.2 Meteorology The climate of Nagaland has a wet climate with high humidity levels. Annual Rainfall varies from 175 cm to 250 cm with maximum rainfall occurring during months of June to September. Summer temperature varies from 16°C to 31°C, while the winter temperature varies from 4°C to 24°C. Strong North West winds blow through the state during the months of February and March. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Dimapur is under the influence of the monsoon type of climate. The climate of district is hot and humid in the plains during summer reaching a maximum of 36°C, with humidity up to 93%. While the winter months are cool and pleasant. Rainfall is moderate and is mostly due to south-western monsoon. The average annual rainfall is 1504.7 mm. Kohima experience heavy rainfall during the monsoon months. South west monsoon sets in the middle of June and continues up to the middle of September. Rainfall is heavier on the eastern side of the region. Average rainfall is around 2,500 mm. The temperature during the summer does not rise above 32°C which is moderate while in the winter it comes down to around 2°C. During winter months of December and January, the coldest months in the year, frost in the higher hills is not uncommon. Winter and rainy seasons dominate the year while spring and autumn seasons are very short. During February-March the sky is clear for most parts of the day. Mokokchung is under the influence of the monsoon type of climate. Rainfall is moderate and is mostly due to south-western monsoon. Average rainfall is around 2,500 mm. South west monsoon sets in the middle of June and continues up to the middle of September. The rain falls for about nine months in a year, the heaviest concentration being in July and August. The temperature during the summer months is not very high while it is pleasant during the winter. The temperature does not rise above 32°C during the summer while in the winter it comes down to around 2°C during January and February which are the coldest months in a year. During February-March the sky is clear for most parts of the day. Fogs are a common sight during the winter months. Winter and rainy seasons dominate the year while spring and autumn seasons are very short. Mon is under the influence of the monsoon type of climate. Only two seasons are predominantly felt in this district. The summer starts generally from April and ends in September and the winter start from October and ends in March. Rainfall is moderate and is mostly due to south-western monsoon. South west monsoon sets in the middle of June and continues upto the middle of September. The rain falls for about nine months in a year, the heaviest concentration being in July and August. As compared to other regions of the state, the rainfall has been observed heaviest in the Mon hilly region during the monsoon. The temperature during the summer months is not very high while it is cold during the winter. The temperature seldom rises above 30°C during the summer while in the winter it comes down to around 20°C during January and February which are the coldest months in a year. During February-March the sky is clear for most parts of the day. Fogs are common RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.8 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland sights during the winter months. Winter and rainy seasons dominate the year while spring and autumn seasons are nominal and very short. The average relative humidity is 76%. The average annual rainfall ranges from 2000mm to 3000mm. Phek district enjoys a humid sub-tropical climate. The area enjoys a cold winter and mild summer. January and February are the coldest months when the night temperature comes down to around 0°C. In summer also, it is not at all hot, rather it is cold in comparison to the adjoining plains of Assam. During summer also, the temperature does not rise beyond 32°C and the average summer temperature is 27°C.The annual average rainfall of the district is 1527 mm. The maximum rainfall occurs during the months of June and July. Rainfall generally begins from April and continues till the end of September. Average rainfall is around 1,500 mm. Wokha district enjoys warm rainy summer and cold dry winter. Because of the difference in the landscape of the region the areas adjoining the border of Assam i.e. the lower or the Bhandari range which is mostly dominated by low lying areas experiences a slight variation in the climatic variables/elements such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, etc. in other words the temperature is slightly warmer and rainfall is little lesser when compared to the areas in the middle or upper range. In winter the night temperature is between 4°0 to 20°C. December and January are the coldest months. The average temperature in summer is approximately 27°C. Towards the end of the winter the wind starts blowing throughout day and night; it blows so strong that sometimes damage is caused to building and trees. The wind generally blows from southwest and sometimes its velocity rises to 100 Km. per hour. Towards the end of March, the wind slowly dies out. Southwest monsoon set in from the middle of June and continues up to the middle of September. The district received average annual rainfall of 2000 mm to 2500mm and rains for about six months in a year with greatest concentration in July and August. During summer, the average humidity is 85%, which goes sometimes up to 95% to 100%, and as such it is very damp during monsoon. Zunheboto has a moderate monsoon type climate. During the summer, the area falls under influence of the south-east monsoon while during the winter it is under the influence of the cold north-west monsoon. Due to high altitude the temperature is cold throughout the year round. During the summer months the temperature rises to about 22°C. during the winter the minimum temperature comes down to 1° C. January and February are the coldest months of the year while May and June are the hottest months. Frost and fog are a common sight in the night during the winter months. Rainfall is RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.9 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland abundant and provides water for cultivation and luxurious growth of lust vegetation all year round. Most of the rains are associated with the south-east monsoon. The hills are covered with both deciduous and evergreen forests. Average annual rainfall is about 200mm. June to August are the months of rainy seasons. North-east monsoon also provides some rain during the winter months. 2.2.1.3 Soil The soil taxonomic (family) classification map of project districts was prepared as per the data by National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP). Soil map prepared from this data is given at Figure 2.1. According to Figure 2.1 and Table 2.2 Soil Unit 34 is the most dominant Group (11.48%) which is characterized by moderately shallow, somewhat excessively drained fine soils on steeply sloping hill slopes having clayey surface with severe erosion hazard and moderate stoniness. Rest all the soil units covers less than 10% of the project districts. Table 2.2: Soils in Project Districts Soil Taxonomic Area Area Description Unit Classification (sq km) (%) Deep, well drained, fine soils on moderately sloping Fine, Typic side slopes of the hills having loamy surface with kanhapludalfs moderate erosion hazard; 1 336.93 3.15 associated with: Deep, well drained loamy soils on Fine - loamy, moderately sloping hills tops with moderate erosion Umbric hazard. Dystrochrepts Deep, excessively drained, fine loamy soils on gently Fine - loamy, sloping of the hills having loamy surface with Typic Paleudalfs moderate erosion hazards; 2 183.39 1.71 Fine - loamy, associated with: Deep moderately well drained, fine Typic loamy soils on gently sloping slight erosion hazards. Dystrochrepts Moderately deep, well drained, fine soils on gently Fine, Umbric sloping hill escarpment having clayey surface with Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard; 3 195.00 1.82 associated with: Deep, excessively drained fine loamy Fine - loamy, soils on gently sloping sides slopes of hills having Typic loamy surface with moderate erosion hazards. Udifluvents Deep, excessively drained, fine loamy soils Fine - loamy moderately sloping side slopes of the hills having Umbric loamy surface with moderate erosion hazards; Dystrochrepts 4 970.04 9.07 associated with: Deep excessively drained fine loamy, Fine - loamy, soils on steep sloping hill tops with moderate erosion Typic hazards and slight stoniness. Udifluvents Deep, somewhat excessively drained, loamy skeletal Loamy - soils on moderately steeply sloping side slopes of hills 5 Skeletal Umbric 292.68 2.74 having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard Dystrochrepts and slight stoniness; RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.10 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Soil Taxonomic Area Area Description Unit Classification (sq km) (%) associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained Fine - loamy, fine soils on gently sloping side slopes of hills with Typic moderate erosion hazards. Dystrochrepts Deep, well drained, fine loamy soils on, moderately Fine - loamy, sloping side slopes of foot hills having loamy surface Typic Paleudults with very slight erosion hazard; 6 289.33 2.70 associated with: Moderately deep well drained fine Fine, Umbric soils on gently sloping side slopes of hills having Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard, and slight stoniness. Moderately shallow, excessively drained fine soils on Fine, Umbric gently sloping side slopes of hills having loamy Dystrochrepts surface with moderate erosion hazard; 8 317.27 2.97 associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained Fine, Typic fine soils on steep hill tops with moderate erosion Dystrochrepts hazards. Deep, excessively drained, Coarse loamy soils on Coarse - loamy, moderately steep sloping side slopes of hills having Typic loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard; Udorthents 9 553.86 5.18 associated with: Deep moderately well drained, fine Fine, Typic soils on moderately steep sloping hill tops with Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard. Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine soils on moderately sloping side slopes of hills having loamy Fine, Humic surface with moderate erosion hazard and very slight Hapludults 10 stoniness; 247.46 2.31 associated with: Moderately deep, somewhat Fine, Typic excessively drained fine soils on steeply sloping hill Dystrochrepts tops with severe erosion hazard. Deep, excessively drained, fine soils on moderately Fine, Typic sloping side slopes of hills having loamy surface with Paleudults moderate erosion hazard and very slight stoniness; 11 associated with: Moderately shallow excessively Loamy - 149.89 1.40 drained loamy skeletal soils on moderately steep side Skeletal, slopes of hills with severe erosion hazard and Umbric moderate stoniness. Dystrochrepts Moderately shallow, somewhat excessively drained Loamy - loamy skeletal soils on steeply sloping side slopes of Skeletal, hills having clayey surface with severe erosion hazard Umbric 12 and moderate stoniness; Dystrochrepts 146.74 1.37 associated with: Deep excessively drained fine soils Fine, Typic on moderately sloping side slopes of hills with slight Dystrochrepts erosion hazard. Deep, well drained fine loamy soils on moderately Fine - loamy, steeply side slopes of hills having loamy surface with Umbric moderate erosion hazard and moderate stoniness; Dystrochrepts 13 758.40 7.09 associated with: Deep, well drained, fine soils on Fine, Typic moderately sloping hill tops with moderate erosion Paleudults hazard and slight stoniness. Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine soils on Fine, Umbric steeply sloping side slopes of hills with clayey surface Dystrochrepts 14 having moderate erosion hazard; 274.93 2.57 associated with: Deep somewhat excessively drained Fine - loamy, fine loamy soils on moderately steep sloping hill tops Typic RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.11 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Soil Taxonomic Area Area Description Unit Classification (sq km) (%) slight erosion hazard with slight stoniness. Dystrochrepts Deep, excessively drained loamy skeletal soils on Loamy - moderately steep sloping side slopes of hills with Skeletal, loamy surface having moderate erosion hazard and Umbric 15 slight stoniness; Dystrochrepts 586.95 5.49 associated with: Deep, well drained fine loamy soils Fine - loamy, on gently sloping side slopes of hills with moderate Typic erosion hazard. Dystrochrepts Deep, excessively drained fine soils on gently sloping Fine, Typic side slopes of hills with clayey surface having Paleudults moderate erosion hazard and very slight stoniness; 16 499.72 4.67 associated with: Deep, well drained fine soils on Fine - loamy, gently sloping hill tops with severe erosion hazard Typic and slight stoniness. Dystrochrepts Deep, excessively drained clayey skeletal soils on Clayey - steeply sloping side slopes of hills having clayey skeletal, Umbric surface with moderate erosion hazard and severe Dystrochrepts stoniness; 17 95.27 0.89 associated with: Moderately shallow somewhat excessively drained fine soils on moderately sloping Fine, Typic hill slopes with moderate erosion and slight Dystrochrepts stoniness. Moderately deep, excessively drained, fine soils on Fine, Typic steeply sloping hill tops having loamy surface with Dystrochrepts moderate erosion hazard; 18 77.37 0.72 associated with: Moderately deep, somewhat Loamy - excessively drained loamy skeletal sloping hill tops Skeletal, Pachic with moderate erosion hazards and slight stoniness. Haplumbret Shallow excessively drained fine loamy soils on Fine - Loamy, moderately steep sloping valleys loamy surface with Lithic moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness; Udorthents 19 74.46 0.70 associated with: Deep, excessively drained fine loamy Fine - loamy, soils on moderately sloping valleys with severe Umbric erosion hazard and slight stoniness. Dystrochrepts Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine soils on Loamy, Pachic gently sloping side slopes of hills having loamy Haplumbret surface with slight erosion hazard; 20 131.26 1.23 associated with: Deep, excessively drained fine loamy Fine - loamy, soils on steeply sloping piedmont plane with Typic moderate erosion hazards. Udorthents Moderately shallow, somewhat excessively drained Fine - loamy, fine loamy soils on moderately steep sloping side Typic slopes of hills with loamy surface having moderate Haplumbrepts erosion hazards; 21 41.44 0.39 associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively Clayey - drained clayey skeletal soils on gently sloping hill tops skeletal, Pachic having severe erosion hazard and moderate Haplumbrepts stoniness. Deep, excessively drained fine loamy soils on Fine - loamy, moderately steeply sloping hill tops with clayey Typic 22 surface soils having moderate erosion hazard; Haplumbrepts 11.13 0.10 associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained Fine - loamy, fine loamy soils on moderately steep sloping hill Pachic RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.12 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Soil Taxonomic Area Area Description Unit Classification (sq km) (%) slopes with moderate erosion hazards Haplumbrepts Moderately deep, somewhat excessively drained, Loamy - loamy skeletal soils on steeply sloping side slopes of Skeletal, Pachic hills with clayey surface having moderate erosion Haplumbret 23 hazard and moderate stoniness; 288.56 2.70 associated with: Shallow, excessively drained coarse Coarse - loamy, loamy soils on moderately steep sloping hill slopes Lithic having moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness. Udorthents Deep, excessively drained fine soils on moderately Fine, Typic sloping hill tops with clayey surface having moderate Haplohumults erosion hazard; 24 95.36 0.89 associated with: Moderately deep, somewhat Fine - loamy, excessively drained fine loamy soils on nearly level hill Dystric tops having slight erosion hazard. Eutrochrepts Moderately deep, excessively drained fine loamy soils Fine - loamy, on steeply sloping side slopes of hills with loamy Pachic surface having moderate erosion hazard and very Haplumbrepts slight stoniness; 25 69.71 0.65 associated with: Moderately deep, excessively Loamy - drained loamy skeletal soils on moderately steep Skeletal, sloping hill tops with moderate erosion hazard and Umbric slight and slight stoniness Dystrochrepts Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine soils on Fine, Typic steeply sloping side slopes of hills having loamy Paleudults surface having moderate erosion hazard; 26 35.41 0.33 associated with: Very shallow excessively drained Coarse - loamy, coarse loamy soils on moderately steep sloping hill Lithic slopes with severe erosion and slight stoniness. Udorthents Deep, excessively drained fine loamy soils on Fine -loamy, moderately sloping side slopes of hills having loamy Typic surface with moderate erosion hazard; Hapludults 27 associated with: Moderately shallow somewhat 501.63 4.69 Fine - Loamy, excessively drained fine loamy soils on steeply sloping Umbric side slopes of hills having moderate erosion hazard Dystrochrepts and moderate stoniness. Moderately deep, somewhat excessively drained, Loamy - loamy skeletal soils on steeply sloping side slopes of skeletal, Typic hills having loamy surface with moderate erosion Dystrochrepts 28 hazard and very slight stoniness; 831.82 7.77 associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained Fine - loamy, fine soils on moderately steep side slopes of hills with Typic severe erosion and slight stoniness. Udorthents Moderately shallow, excessively drained clayey Clayey - skeletal soils on moderately steep sloping side slopes skeletal, Pachic of hills having loamy surface with severe erosion Haplumbrepts 29 hazard and moderate stoniness; 143.63 1.34 associated with: Deep, excessively drained coarse Coarse - loamy, loamy soils on moderately steep sloping hills tops Typic having slight erosion hazards. Dystrochrepts Deep, excessively drained, fine soils on moderately Fine, Typic sloping side slopes of hills with clayey surface having 30 Dystrochrepts 462.46 4.32 moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness; associated with: Moderately shallow, excessively Loamy - RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.13 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Soil Taxonomic Area Area Description Unit Classification (sq km) (%) drained loamy skeletal soils on moderately steep skeletal, Typic sloping side slopes of hills with severe erosion hazard Dystrochrepts and moderate stoniness. Deep, somewhat excessively drained, fine soils on Fine, Pachic moderately steep sloping hill slopes with clayey Haplumbrepts surface having moderate erosion hazard; 31 171.70 1.60 associated with: Moderately deep somewhat Fine, Typic excessively drained fine soils on steeply sloping hill Dystrochrepts tops with severe erosion hazard and slight stoniness. Deep, excessively drained skeletal clayey - soils on Clayey - steeply sloping hill slopes having clayey surface with skeletal, Pachic moderate erosion hazard and slight stoniness; Haplumbrepts 33 290.06 2.71 associated with: Deep, excessively drained fine loamy Fine - loamy, soils on moderately steep sloping side hill slopes with Typic Paleudults severe erosion and moderate stoniness. Moderately shallow, somewhat excessively drained fine soils on steeply sloping hill slopes having clayey Fine, Pachic surface with severe erosion hazard and moderate Haplumbrepts 34 stoniness; 1228.53 11.48 associated with: Deep, somewhat excessively drained Fine, Typic fine soils on steeply sloping hill tops with moderate Haplohumults erosion hazards and slight stoniness. Deep, excessively drained fine soils on moderately Fine, Typic steep sloping side hill slopes having clayey surface Paleudults with moderate erosion and slight stoniness; 35 334.22 3.12 associated with: Moderately shallow drained loamy Loamy - skeletal soils on very steeply sloping hill slopes with skeletal, Dystric moderate erosion hazard and moderate stoniness. Eutrochrepts Shallow excessively drained fine loamy soils on Fine, loamy moderately steep sloping valley having loamy surface Lithic with moderate erosion and slight stoniness; Udorthents 36 13.39 0.13 associated with: Deep, excessively drained fine loamy Fine - loamy. soils on moderately sloping valley with severe erosion Umbric and slight stoniness. Dustrochrepts TOTAL 10700.00 100 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.14 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.1: Soil Map of Project Districts (For Legend Refer Table 2.2) 2.2.1.4 Land use Pattern Majority of the project district area i.e. 53.1% is covered by forest area, Net sown area covers 26.3%, Other uncultivated land excluding fallow land covers 7.4%, Fallow land covers 7.2% and the rest 6% of the project district area is not available for cultivation. The general land use pattern of the project area is given in Table 2.3. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.15 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.3: Land use Pattern of Project Districts Dimapur Kohima Mokokchung Mon Phek Wokha Zunheboto TOTAL Districts Area Area Area Area Area (Sq Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area Area (Sq km) (%) (Sq km) (%) km) (%) (Sq km) (%) (Sq km) (%) (Sq km) (%) (Sq km) (%) (Sq km) (%) Total Geographical Area 927 1463 1615 1786 2026 1628 1255 9072 Reporting Area for Land Utilization 923 1591 1610 1782 2023 1622 1248 9177 Forest 165 17.9 1011 63.5 817 50.7 1021 57.3 1248 61.7 742 45.8 614 49.2 4876 53.1 Area Under Non-Agricultural 105 11.3 92 5.8 103 6.4 76 4.3 96 4.7 88 5.4 65 5.2 537 5.8 Not Available Uses for Barren and Cultivation Unculturable 3 0.3 2 0.1 2 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.2 2 0.2 15 0.2 Land Classification of Reporting Area Permanent Pasture and 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Other Grazing Other Land Uncultivated Land Under Land Misc. Tree Crops Excluding and Groves not 15 1.6 33 2.1 105 6.5 83 4.7 108 5.4 107 6.6 46 3.7 390 4.3 Fallow Land Included in Net Area Sown Culturable 16 1.7 45 2.8 70 4.3 52 2.9 54 2.7 96 5.9 46 3.7 283 3.1 Waste Land Fallow Lands Other Than 16 1.7 66 4.1 114 7.1 93 5.2 96 4.7 171 10.6 71 5.7 456 4.9 Fallow Land Current Fallows Current Fallow 12 1.3 22 1.4 62 3.9 32 1.8 51 2.5 84 5.2 29 2.3 208 2.3 Net Sown Area 593 64.2 321 20.2 337 20.9 422 23.7 367 18.2 331 20.4 376 30.1 2416 26.3 Total Area for Land Utilization 923 100 1591 100 1610 100 1782 100 2023 100 1622 100 1248 100 9177 100 Source: Land use statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2016-17 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.16 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 2.2.1.5 Landslide Vulnerability Landslide hazard stands as the second geological hazard following earthquake (Li, et. al., 1999; the U.S. Geological Survey, 2000). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) states that steep terrain, vulnerable soil, heavy rainfall and earthquake activities make large parts of Asia highly susceptible to landslides. An area of about 0.49 million sq km out of the total area of India is vulnerable to landslide and about 0.098 sq km of an area in Northeast India is vulnerable to landslide. Nagaland comes under highly affected landslide hazard class (Figure 2.2). Figure 2.2: Landslide Map of India Source: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/220685/13/13_chapter%205.pdf Landslide, a common phenomenon in hilly region is one of the most important factors of soil erosion. Topsoil and vegetative covers on large scale are considerably lost every year during the monsoon season. Landslides are mainly found below settlement areas, terrace fields, rolling Jhum land and road construction. The possible factors responsible for landslide occurrence may be singular or a combination of several factors. Some of the factors responsible for landslide in Nagaland are: RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.17 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Soil formations: Clayey and shales have low hydraulic conductivity and can be difficult to drain. On the other hand, when the dip angle of the shale is along the slope, the soils over the shale are more susceptible to landslide. Most of the slides in the area are caused due to this reason. It is also observed that during rainy season the shallow soils lying above shale bed are prone to landslide. Increase in the Runoff Volume: It affects the regimes of the natural downhill drains and toe cutting has been observed in many cases. Such toe cutting leads to slope failure near these natural drains. Slope failure occurring near these drains adversely affects the stability of the slope in general and leads to repeated slope failure in that area. Such toe failure also leads to blockage of drains promoting infiltration of water into the ground causing saturation of the soil, which adversely affects the stability. During the summer season, more specifically from June to October, the rainfall is heavy and almost continuous. So, permeable materials get saturated due to long continued heavy rains that, instead of the pelting rain driving individual particles in the form of ‘rill’ or ‘rain-wash’ down the slope, the whole of the surficial materials becomes a mass of mud and debris. Faulty Road Construction: Another important factor causing landslides, it has aggravated the intensity of landslide. One of the main reasons for this is the slope cutting process while constructing the road as it disturbed the slope stability. Most of these slide areas remain weak with mud flow and sinking of highways occur every monsoon season due to the composition of loose sand and dark brown clays where water seepage are quite high. Urbanization: Due to increasing urbanization and demand for land in the city area, and lack of enforcement of development controls, people have started construction even on the valley lines, completely blocking the drainage path in some cases. These drains need to cross the road system in several stages through culverts. Eroded soils and garbage carried down by water during torrential rainy season block many a time cross drains and lead to overflowing of water onto the road. Increasing urbanization has also increased the surface runoff because extension in the pucca ground cover or black topping through the construction of building, courtyards, roads, pavements, etc., reduces infiltration of rainwater significantly and increases surface runoff, thereby increasing the volume and discharge in the area and drain which in turn remove the top soil rapidly and also cause landslide in the areas. In the instant scheme, during construction limited quantity of excavated material is generated from tower/pole foundations and sub-station RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.18 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland foundation. However, adequate mitigation measures have been given in the EMP and same are being undertaken to avoid any chances of landslide. In addition, excavation is avoided in rainy days. So far there are no instances of landslide due to any of the construction activity. Landslide due to operation and maintenance is not at all expected. 2.2.1.6 Erosion Vulnerability Unscientific land utilization incompatible with its carrying capacity leads to land degradation which has both environmental and economic consequences. The information on land degradation is needed for a variety of purposes like planning reclamation programs, rational land use planning, for bringing additional areas into cultivation, to improve productivity levels in degraded lands etc. As per the land degradation mapping undertaken by Department of Space, GoI along with partner institutions under National Natural Resources Census (NRC), water and wind are the most important land degradation process that occurs on the surface of the earth. Rainfall, soil, physical properties, terrain slope, land cover and management practices play a significant role in soil erosion. Some of the factors responsible for soil erosion in Nagaland are: Sheet Erosion: It is a common problem resulting from loss of topsoil. The soil particles are removed from the whole soil surface on a uniform basis in the form of thin layers. The severity of the problem is often difficult to visualize with naked eyes in the field. Rill Erosion: When sheet erosion is severe and the surface runoff goes in the form of a concentric flow, tiny water channels are formed in the field called rills. Rills are generally associated with the cultivated lands and are visible in the ploughed soil after first heavy showers. Gully Erosion: Gullies are formed as a result of localized surface run-off affecting the unconsolidated material resulting in the formation of perceptible channels causing undulating terrain. They are commonly found in sloping lands, developed as a result of concentrated run-off over fairly long time. They are mostly associated with stream courses, sloping grounds with good rainfall regions and foothill regions. Landslide/ Landslip Erosion: The region is quite prone to landslides/ landslips that take a heavy toll on valuable lands, property and life besides aggravating the problem of soil erosion. Factor responsible for landslide have already been explained in earlier section. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.19 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Faulty Road Construction: As explained in earlier section. Unscientific Disposal of Debris Generated by Road Construction: Roads are the only means of communication and form an important development activity in the region. Road construction in the mountainous terrain requires a lot of blasting and construction in a zigzag fashion. The debris thus produced is not properly disposed at dumping sites and is just pushed onto the river side slopes. This results in heavy erosion during the rainy season. Urbanization: As explained in earlier section. For the assessment of soil erosion vulnerable hazard area falling en route proposed transmission line, all the transmission lines were superimposed over erosion map of Nagaland (refer Figure 2.3). Except a small section of 132 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Wokha-Zunheboto-Mokokchung Line i.e. from Tower No. 36 to Tower No. 47 of Zunheboto – Mokokchung stretch which, either falls under or in close proximity to areas vulnerable to erosion, all transmission lines are nowhere near areas vulnerable to soil erosion. Since distribution lines are along the existing roads and almost negligible excavation is required therefore, vulnerability of such sites to distribution lines is not anticipated. In the present project, chances of contribution to soil erosion or getting affected by soil erosion, vulnerable area are negligible to very low. However, adequate mitigation measures have been given in the EMP and same shall be followed to avoid any chances of getting affected by soil erosion vulnerable areas. In addition, any work shall be avoided in rainy days. 2.2.2 Biological Environment It is pertinent to mention that, in the present project, forest area/land covered under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been completely avoided with careful selection of route alignment. Therefore, diversion of forest land is not involved in the project. In order to analyze the impacts and plan mitigation measures, it is imperative to study baseline information for transmission line and surrounding or proximity area as well (study area), which includes forest areas under the control of individual/community/village councils. The same has been described in ensuing paragraphs. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.20 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.3: Areas Vulnerable to Erosion w.r.t. Sub-Projects 2.2.2.1 Floristics Though Nagaland is a small State, it has been endowed with a wide variety of forest types on account of its unique geographic location and wide range of physiographic terrain. As per the Champion & Seth Classification of Forest Types (1968), the forests in Nagaland belong to seven Type Groups, which are further divided into 10 Forest Types and Plantation/Tree Outside Forest (TOF). Percentage area under different forest types of Nagaland is given below in Table 2.4. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.21 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.4: Percentage Area under Different Forest Types of Nagaland S. % of Forest Forest Type No. Cover 1B/C1 Assam Valley Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest 1 0.61 (Dipterocarpus) 2 1/2S1 Pioneer Euphorbiaceous Scrub 4.30 3 2B/2S2 Eastern Alluvial Secondary Semi-Evergreen Forest 17.55 4 2/2S1 Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes 5.09 5 3C/C3b East Himalayan Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest 38.44 6 8B/C2 Khasi Sub-Tropical Wet Hill Forest 16.09 7 9/C2 Assam Sub-Tropical Pine Forest 5.84 8 9/C2/DS1 Assam Subtropical Pine Savannah 0.17 9 11B/C2 Naga Hill Wet Temperate Forest 11.32 10 12/DS1 Montane Bamboo Brakes 0.07 11 Plantation/Tree Outside Forest (TOF) 0.52 Total 100 Source: India State of Forest Report 2019, Nagaland Forests in Nagaland are largely under the community and private forests. The Forest Department owns only certain areas classified as Reserved Forests, Protected Forests, Wildlife Sanctuaries, National parks, Nurseries & Botanical Gardens, therefore the department has purchased land from private owners for Biodiversity Conservation and taking up plantations. The total land purchased by the department is approximately 192.47 sq km. The State has started 'Joint Forest Management' program to elicit active participation of villagers in creation, management and protection of plantations. Intensification of Forest Management was carried out in the State by creating adequate infrastructure and controlling the incidences of forest fire. Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in the State is 8,623 sq km of which 234 sq km is Reserved Forest and 8,389 sq km is Unclassed Forests. In Nagaland, during the period 1st January 2015 to 5th February 2019, no forest land was diverted for non-forestry purposes under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 (MoEF&CC, 2019). 2.2.2.2 Forest Cover As per the India State of Forest Report (ISFR), 2019 by Forest Survey of India, the forest cover in the State is 12,486.40 sq km which is 75.31 % of the State's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 1,273.19 sq km under Very Dense Forest (VDF), 4,533.72 sq km under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 6,679.49 sq km under Open Forest (OF). Forest cover map of Nagaland is given below in Figure 2.4. Total forest cover in the project districts is 8164.94 sq km, which is 76.31 % of the project district’s geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.22 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland classes, the project districts have 546.84 sq km under VDF, 2938.91 sq km under MDF and 4679.19 sq km under OF. The details of forest cover of sub- project districts are given below in Table 2.5 and Figure 2.5. Table 2.5: Forest Cover in Project Districts 2019 Assessment S. Name of Geographical % of Very Dense Moderately Open Total No. District Area (GA) GA Forest Dense Forest Forest Area 1 Dimapur 927 24.00 161.71 406.38 592.09 63.87 2 Kohima 1463 131.70 377.68 673.28 1182.66 80.84 3 Mokokchung 1615 1.89 501.89 823.83 1327.61 82.20 4 Mon 1786 32.00 431.32 739.50 1202.82 67.35 5 Phek 2026 272.61 637.83 705.37 1615.81 79.75 6 Wokha 1628 1.00 465.13 839.68 1305.81 80.21 7 Zunheboto 1255 83.64 363.35 491.15 938.14 74.75 10700 546.84 2938.91 4679.19 8164.94 76.31 Source: India State of Forest Report 2019, Nagaland Figure 2.4: Forest Cover Map of Nagaland (Source: ISFR, FSI, Dehradun) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.23 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.5: Forest Cover in Project Districts 2.2.2.3 Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) The State has reported extent of recorded forest area (RFA) 8,623 sq km which is 52.01% of its geographical area. The reserved and unclassed forests are 2.71% and 97.29% of the recorded forest area in the State, respectively. Due to non-availability of digitized boundary of recorded forest areas from the State, the updated Green Wash from Survey of India (SoI) toposheets which is 10,633.44 sq km has been used as proxy to the RFA boundary and the analysis of forest cover inside and outside this area is given below in Table 2.6. Table 2.6: Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area or (Green Wash) in Nagaland Forest Cover inside the Recorded Forest Cover outside the Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) Forest Area (or Green Wash) VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total Area 1166 3279 4282 8727 107 1255 2397 3759 (sq km) Area 13.36 37.57 49.07 100 2.85 33.38 63.77 100 (%) Source: India State of Forest Report 2019, Nagaland 2.2.2.4 Floristic Diversity As per the rapid assessment of Biodiversity carried out by Forest Survey of India (FSI) at the national level for natural forests during September 2018 to May 2019 as part of the forest type mapping exercise in respect of Nagaland, total number of species reported in the state are 306, out of which 56 are tree species, 137 are shrub species and 113 are herb species. The Shannon-Wiener RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.24 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of the state are given below in Table 2.7. Table 2.7: Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of Nagaland S. Shannon-Wiener Index No. Forest Type Group Tree Shrub Herb 1 Group 1- Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests * 3.09 2.81 2 Group 2- Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests 2.15 2.97 2.35 3 Group 3- Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests 2.94 3.48 3.61 4 Group 8- Subtropical Broadleaved Hill Forests 2.62 3.40 2.92 5 Group 9- Subtropical Pine Forests 1.31 1.55 2.19 6 Group 11- Montane Wet Temperate Forests 1.04 1.17 1.90 7 Group 12- Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests * 1.16 * Source: India State of Forest Report 2019, Nagaland; * adequate number of sample plots were not available 2.3 STUDY AREA BASELINE DATA 2.3.1 Floristics Elements The study area for the floristic surveys has already been defined in the Chapter 1 which is defined as area in the proximity of the proposed transmission lines on both left and right sides, corridors of transmission line routes and substations. The description of the vegetation is based upon these observations and data collected around each site collected through transects as already mentioned above. In general, the vegetation in and areas around sampling sites is comprised of tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen floral elements. Therefore, field surveys for the assessment and composition of vegetation were conducted to assess the floral wealth in the proximity to the towers, sub-station and along the routes of transmission line. A series of transects were identified along the routes of transmission line covering the corridors between the ROW of transmission line and substations. Details of transmission line and locations (transects) selected for phyto- sociological survey are as given in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Transmission Lines and Transects Locations for Vegetation Sampling S. Distance Name of Transmission Line Stretch Covered No. Covered LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung Approx. 100 m 1 Longnak S/s to Tower 4 Line at Longnak – 0.64 km 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to Approx. 1.5 km New Secretariat 2 New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) – Complex to Tower 41 13.97 km RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.25 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Distance Name of Transmission Line Stretch Covered No. Covered LILO of both Circuit of Kohima – Meluri Pfutsero 132/33 kV S/s Approx. 250 m 3 (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero – 2.7 km to Tower No. 8 Tower 49-Tower 52 Approx. 800 m Tower 53- Tower 56 Approx. 600 m 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima- 4 Tower 92- Tower 107 Approx. 5 km Mokokchung via Wokha Line- 86.94 km Tower 202- Tower 206 Approx. 1.2 km Tower 214- Tower 222 Approx. 2.1 km LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima-Wokha Line Approx. 1.2 km 5 at 220 kV New Kohima sub-station - 9.54 Tower 2- Tower 8 km 2.3.1.1 Taxonomic Diversity Based upon the data collected during field surveys and data/information collected from secondary sources (Jamir, 1992; Eshuo, 2012, 2013; Moaakum and Chaturvedi, 2015; Leishangthem, 2018) inventory of 211 plant species found in the area surveyed was prepared. Details of these 211 plant species according to their families, genera and species are given in table below. Group Angiosperms Gymnosperms Pteridophytes Bryophytes Total Family 62 3 8 9 82 Genera 143 3 13 10 169 Species 184 3 13 11 211 A brief description of number of plant species recorded in various taxonomic groups is given in the following paragraphs. a) Angiosperms During the field surveys conducted in the study area 184 species of angiosperms belonging 62 families were recorded (For detailed list see Annexure I). These include trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. Herbaceous component comprises of 82 species, shrubs are 34 and trees are comprised of 69 species. Most common families recorded from the study area are Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Araceae and Solanaceae, Lauraceae, Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Polygonaceae. b) Gymnosperms Three species of gymnosperms recorded from the study area are: S. No. Family Botanical name 1 Cupressaceae Platycladus orientalis (Syn. Thuja orientalis) 2 Gnetaceae Gnetum montanum 3 Pinaceae Pinus kesiya RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.26 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland c) Pteridophytes During field survey thirteen species of Pteridophytes belonging to 8 families were recorded from the area. S. No. Family Botanical name 1 Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum 2 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis 3 Lindsaeaceae Sphenomeris chinensis 4 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum 5 Lygodiaceae Lygodium flexuosum 6 Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis 7 Polypodiaceae Drymoglossum piloselloides 8 Polypodiaceae Lepidogramitis rostrata 9 Polypodiaceae Lepisorus sordidus 10 Polypodiaceae Polypodium amoena 11 Pteridaceae Adiantum caudatum 12 Pteridaceae Onychium siliculosum 13 Pteridaceae Pteris vittata d) Bryophytes Eleven species belonging to 9 families of Bryophytes were recorded from the study area as follows. S. No. Family Botanical Name 1 Jubulaceae Frullania wallachiana 2 Lejeuneaceae Lejeunea curviloba 3 Marchantiaceae Dumortiera hirsuta 4 Marchantiaceae Marchantia linearis 5 Marchantiaceae Marchantia papiliata 6 Metzgeriaceae Metzgeria lindenbergii 7 Pelliaceae Pellia endiviifolia 8 Plagiochilaceae Plagiochila subtropica 9 Ricciaceae Ricciocarpos natans 10 Targioniaceae Targionia hypophylla 11 Weisnerellaceae Wiesnerella denudata 2.3.1.2 Rare Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species Conservation status of plant species found in the study area was assessed using IUCN Red list of Threatened Species Version 2020.1 (accessed in February 2020) as well as Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Botanical Survey of India. Majority of the 211 plant species found in the study area have not been evaluated or assessed yet by IUCN (2020.1) and only 27 species have been assessed (Table 2.9) and all of them fall under ‘Least Concern’ category of IUCN Red List. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.27 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland None of the plant species falls under any threatened category of Red Data Book of Indian Plants by BSI. Table 2.9: RET Plant Species Reported from Study Area Conservation Status Family Name of species IUCN 2020.1 Anacardiaceae Mangifera sylvatica LC Apiaceae Centella asiatica LC Betulaceae Alnus nepalensis LC Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis LC Cyperaceae Cyperus exaltatus LC Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus LC Fabaceae Acacia pennata LC Fabaceae Bauhinia purpurea LC Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata LC Fabaceae Erythrina variegata LC Fabaceae Mimosa pudica LC Fabaceae Parkia timoriana LC Juglandaceae Engelhardtia spicata LC Magnoliaceae Magnolia champaca LC Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis LC Meliaceae Toona ciliata LC Musaceae Musa acuminata LC Pandanaceae Pandanus odorifer LC Phyllanthaceaeceae Phyllanthus emblica LC Poaceae Dendrocalamus giganteus LC Poaceae Phragmites karka LC Poaceae Poa annua LC Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum LC Simaroubaceae Ailanthus integrifolia LC Solanaceae Physalis minima LC Theaceae Schima wallichii LC Urticaceae Urtica dioica LC 2.3.1.3 Invasive Species and Their Control An invasive plant is a non-native plant that is able to persist and proliferate outside of cultivation, resulting in ecological and/or economic harm. Once established in these areas, invasive plants often continue to spread to adjacent habitats. All invasive plant species are aggressive competitors with the ability to significantly reduce diversity of native plant and also disturb & alter wildlife habitat. As per ISFR, 2019, there are four invasive species in Nagaland, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoides, Mikania RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.28 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland micrantha and Chromolaena odorata. Beside these four species Lantana camara is another invasive species reported from all the over the state. During the field survey Parthenium hysterophorus was recorded from Longnak sub-station. Chromolaena odorata was recorded near tower 8 of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero and along the route of 220 kV S/C New Kohima-Mokokchung line. Mikania micrantha was recorded from 132 kV S/C Kohima-Wokha Line. Ageratum conyzoides was recorded at New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) and Mokokchung-Mariani Transmission Line route. The presence of large number of invasive plant species is indicative of degradation of vegetation in the study area i.e. transects studied along the different transmission lines, their routes and substations. This has happened mainly due to jhumming activities prevalent in the area. As per literature review, paste of green leaves of Ageratum conyzoides is used for cuts & sores and paste of roots is used as anthelmintic or anti- allergic. Invasive plants spread by a variety of mechanisms, including birds, wind, and water. Human activities are also a major factor in the spread of these plants, from gardening and transport of nursery stock to erosion control and wildlife plantings. The newly disturbed ground is prime habitat for more invasive species to colonize. A protective approach is required for eliminating or control the spread and establishment of invasive plants species, for which there are two key elements. First, project authorities would ensure to uproot all existing alien/invasive species from the labour colony and other working areas. Secondly, project workers will be discouraged to plant any alien and/or invasive species in the camp and colony areas, which may spread in the forest areas. Eliminating the invasive species by uprooting or pulling is laborious but may be the best choice for on steep or rough terrain. Replanting the area immediately with a desirable selection of native plants is necessary. There must be an emphasis on early detection and eradication of these invasive species populations in the area especially the new population. To control and check the growth of invasive species, plantation of indigenous species in the area occupied by invasive species is also necessary. The other factor that helps in control of non-indigenous species is the increase of knowledge and awareness among the workers and villagers. In the present project, none of the project activity contribute in the growth of any invasive species. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.29 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 2.3.1.4 Vegetation Profile of the Sampling Area Site 1: LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung Line at Longnak – 0.64 km The vegetation, in general, in area around Longnak sub-station is comprised of secondary vegetation with trees like Tectona grandis, Alangium chinense, Ficus oligodon, Oroxylum indicum and bamboos. The area along the RoW of Mokokchung-Mariani Transmission Line at Longnak is mainly under agricultural fields, fallow and scrub land. Vegetation in the area is mainly comprised of moderate sized trees like Alangium chinense, Ficus oligodon, Oroxylum indicum, etc. associated with shrub species like Acacia pennata, Aralia leschenaultia, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Sida rhombifolia, Strobilanthes coloratus, Ricinus communis, Murraya paniculata, Lantana camara, Jasminum amplexicaule, etc. Ground cover is mainly represented by grass species like Yushania hirsuta (Syn. Arundinaria hirsuta), Cyperus rotundus, Imperata cylindrica, Poa annua, Saccharum spontaneum, Thysanolaena maxima, etc. The herbaceous layer is represented by Ageratum conyzoides, Commelina bengalensis, Elatostema sessile and Lecanthes peduncularis and Parthenium hysterophorus. Agricultural Land along the route Secondary forest of Bamboo near Sub Station RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.30 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Secondary forest Sub Station Site 2: 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) – 13.97 km The site covers area along 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to New Secretariat Complex (NSC) and lies between NSC S/s to Pole 41. The vegetation at this site is characterized by secondary degraded form of tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forest. However, comparatively undisturbed vegetation is found quite far away on upper slopes from the route of transmission lines. The vegetation composition in this area is as follows. The main trees found in this area are Aglaia spectabilis, Altingia excelsa, Albizia chinensis, Alnus nepalensis, Bauhinia purpurea, Bischofia javanica, Duabanga grandiflora, Macaranga denticulata, Magnolia champaca, Phoebe hainesiana, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pinus kesiya, Shorea assamica and Terminalia myriocarpa. The shrubs are comprised of species like Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Actinodaphne obovata, Brassaiopsis hainla, Garcinia lanceifolia, Hedychium spicatum, Litsea salicifolia, Lantana camara, Mesua ferrea, Magnolia hodgsonii, Sauropus androgynus, etc. Undershrubs are comprised of bamboo thickets, banana, canes, palms, epiphytes and climbers. A shrubby parasitic species (Scurrula gracilifolia) can be observed on the trunks of tall trees. Common climbers are species of Argyreia, Cissus, Combretum, Derris, Entada, Hodgsonia and Trichosanthes. Ground vegetation is patchy and composed of terrestrial ferns, grasses and herbs such as Alpinia nigra, Ammomum aromaticum, Ageratum conyzoides, Phrynium pubinerve and Piper pedicellatum. Near under construction NSC sub-station vegetation is comprised of tree species like Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bischofia javanica, Duabanga grandiflora, Alangium chinense and Bauhinia purpurea. Shrubs are comprised RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.31 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland of Lantana camara and bamboo species (Bambusa spp. and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii). 06.01.2020 13:34 Secondary Forest of Bamboo near Sub Station 06.01.2020 08:15 06.01.2020 08:38 Floral survey along the route Site 3: LILO of both Circuit of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero – 2.7 km The site covered Kohima-Meluri-Pfutsero Transmission Line area and lies between tower 1 to tower 8 covering total distance of about 2.0 km. The area along the transect from tower 1 to tower 7 is characterized by vegetation comprised of tropical mixed evergreen and semi-evergreen floral elements. However, as seen from the pictures of the site below there are intermittent patches of slightly denser vegetation alternating with sparse vegetation. The vegetation composition is as follows. The vegetation of denser patches is comprised tall trees like Albizia procera, Altingia excelsa, Artocarpus chama, Bischofia javanica, Canarium bengalense, Duabanga grandiflora, Macaranga grandiflora, Phoebe hainesiana, Pinus kesiya, Pterospermum acerifolium, Balakata baccata, Terminalia myriocarpa, RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.32 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Alnus nepalensis, etc. In addition other tree and shrub species like Aglaia spectabilis, Bauhinia purpurea, Cinnamomum bejolghota, Erythrina variegata, Ficus glomerata, Oroxylum indicum, Parkia timoriana, Lantana camara and Euphorbia pulcherrima are also found. Near location of Tower 8, vegetation is characterized by scrub forest with abandoned Jhum land and agricultural fields. A few trees of Areca catechu (Betel nut) can be seen planted near habitation. Dense thickets of bamboos (Bambusa spp. and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) can be seen along the slopes in jhummed area along with Lantana camara and some tall reed grasses like species of Imperata, Saccharum, Themeda and Thysanolaena. Other plant species in the ground vegetation includes many tall undershrubs, weeds and herbs like species of Ageratum, Bidens, Chromolaena, Colocasia, Persicaria, Pollia, Strobilanthes, etc. along the nala. Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero T/L Location of Tower 8 Location of Tower 6 and Jhum Land along the corridor of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero T/L Location of Tower 2 & 6 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.33 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 07.01.2020 13:15 07.01.2020 13:42 Secondary Forest on abandoned Jhum land on the rout Site 4: 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha Line- 86.94 km For New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha transmission line survey was conducted in four different transects depend on the accessibility along the rout of line. The area between tower 49 to 52 is comprised of dense mixed vegetation along the corridors of transmission line route. While rest of the surveyed area are characterised by degraded vegetation with steep slopes and the areas which are abandoned after jhum dominant by bamboo and small tree and shrub species. In general, vegetation of the area is comprised of deciduous and evergreen tree species like Aglaia spectabilis, Albizia chinensis, Albizia procera, Artocarpus chama (Sam), Bischofia javanica, Bombax ceiba, Duabanga grandiflora (Khokon), Erythrina variegata, Pterospermum acerifolium, Sterculia villosa, Terminalia myriocarpa (Hollock), etc. Shrubs include bamboos and grasses like Saccharum, Themeda and Thysanolaena. Small trees are Arenga westerhoutii, Bauhinia purpurea, Brassaiopsis hainla, Ficus glomerata, Magnolia hodgsonii, etc. Common shrub elements in the area are Euphorbia pulcherrima, Lantana camara, Murraya paniculata, Bambusa tulda, Calamus spp., Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus strictus, etc. The ground flora comprises of species of grasses, undershrubs and herbs like Alpinia, Arundinaria, Chromolaena, Globba, Hedychium, Persicaria, Pollia and Thysanolaena. The common climbers here are Cayratia japonica, Combretum decandrum, Derris scandens, Dioscorea bulbifera, Thunbergia coccinea and Trichosanthes cordata. Among angiospermic epiphytes are species of Codonanthe devosiana, Bulbophyllum affine, Dendrobium spp., etc. The epiphytic ferns include Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Pyrrosia obovata, Vittaria spp., etc. and orchids belonging to the genera Bulbophyllum, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Vanda, etc. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.34 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha Tower Location 10.01.2020 11:15 10.01.2020 11:44 Plantation and natural Forest Private land in the route Site 5: LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima-Wokha Line at 220 kV New Kohima sub- station - 9.54 km The area between Tower 2 to 8 in the vicinity of proposed Kohima-Wokha transmission line project is comprised of a dense mixed vegetation. The area is characterized by disturbed and degraded secondary vegetation due to abandoned jhum land. Along the corridor, the vegetation is denser on steep slopes. The tall trees are Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, Aglaia spectabilis, Ailanthus integrifolia, Albizia chinensis, Altingia excelsa, Artocarpus chama, Bauhinia purpurea, Macaranga denticulata, Mesua ferrea, Phoebe hainsiana, Pterospermum acerifolium, Shorea assamica and Terminalia myriocarpa. Smaller trees are Actinodaphne obovata, Brassaiopsis glomerulata, Colona floribunda, Ficus oligodon, Ficus semicordata, Garcinia cowa, Gynocardia odorata, Magnolia hodgsoni, etc. Undergrowth is comprised of dense mixed vegetation of with small trees, tall spreading shrubs, and climbers like Lantana camara, Mikania micrantha, Murraya paniculata, Ricinus communis, Bambusa spp., Calamus tenuis, Cocculus orbiculatus, Fissistigma polyanthum, Chromolaena odorata, Debregeasia longifolia, Maesa indica, Oroxylum indicum, Rubus paniculatus, Solanum torvum and Strobilanthes hamiltoniana. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.35 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 10.01.2020 14:15 Transect Survey Along the corridor of Forest Cover of 132 kV S/C Kohima-Wokha Line at 220 kV New Kohima sub-station 2.3.1.5 Economically Important Plant Species The people of the area use wild plants in their daily life as food, medicine, fibre, fodder, fuel wood, timber, vegetables, fruits and various minor forest products. Agriculture is the major occupation in the project area and jhum cultivation is prevalent. Jhum paddy, WRC paddy, maize, soybean, and rapeseed/mustard are main crops cultivated. Among horticultural crops are pineapple, banana, orange, passion fruit and litchi. Among vegetable chili, colocasia, leafy vegetables, tapioca, pumpkin and ginger are common. Wild Edible Plants List of wild edible plants used by villagers in the study area was prepared from Pradheed et al. (2016) and the same is given at Table 2.10. Table 2.10: Wild Edible Plant Species Used by Tribes in Study Area S. No. Family Name of species Parts used 1 Anacardiaceae Rhus chinensis Fruit 2 Apiaceae Centella asiatica Leafy vegetable 3 Apiaceae Eryngium foetidum Leafy vegetable 4 Araceae Colocasia esculenta Leafy vegetable 5 Arecaceae Calamus tenuis Fruit 6 Burseraceae Canarium strictum Fruit 7 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album Leafy vegetable RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.36 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. No. Family Name of species Parts used 8 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica Fruit 9 Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata Flower bud 10 Lamiaceae Elsholtzia blanda Leafy vegetable 11 Moraceae Artocarpus chama Fruit 12 Moraceae Ficus auriculata Fruit 13 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum retusum Leafy vegetable 14 Solanaceae Solanum violaceum Unripe Fruit 15 Urticaceae Lecanthus peduncularis Leafy vegetable 16 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum glandulosum Leafy vegetable Nagaland state is famous for Naga Mircha/Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum chinense) known as world’s hottest chili, tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) consumed as vegetable and naga pineapple (Ananas comosus). Medicinal Plants Plant species are used for various medicinal purposes for treating various ailments by local tribal. The list of plant species used for various medicinal purposes by locals and found in the study area was prepared from Imchen & Jamir, 2011; Jamir & Tsurho, 2016 and the same is given at Table 2.11. Table 2.11: Plant Species Used for Medicinal Purposes S. Disease/ailment Family Name of species Parts used No. treated 1 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Entire plant Diuretic Leaves, 2 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus Weak womb in women inflorescence 3 Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea Flower Gastric problems 4 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Leaves Jaundice, stomachache Cough, malaria; 5 Apiaceae Centella asiatica Entire plant improves hair growth Blood purifier; 6 Apiaceae Coriandrum sativum Aerial part indigestion 7 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Seeds Constipation Leaves, 8 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus Cancer, diabetes flower Inflammatory diseases; 9 Araceae Alocasia macrorrhiza Leaves, roots a vermifuge 10 Araceae Arisaema tortuosum Roots, seeds Gastritis, indigestion Leaves, stem, 11 Araceae Colocasia esculenta Vermifuge, laxative rhizome 12 Araceae Lasia spinosa Aerial part Anthelmintic 13 Arecaceae Areca catechu Seeds A vermifuge 14 Asparagaceae Asparagus racemosus Root Diabetes, epilepsy 15 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Leaves, roots Leaves in cuts & sores; RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.37 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Disease/ailment Family Name of species Parts used No. treated roots anthelmintic, anti- allergic Soothing sore throat; a 16 Asteraceae Artemisia indica Stem source of vitamin Appetizer, source of 17 Asteraceae Artemisia nilagirica Entire plant vitamin; in dog bites Insect bites, itches, 18 Asteraceae Mikania cordata Leaves, stem wounds; stops bleeding 19 Asteraceae Spilanthes acmella Inflorescence Toothache; germicidal Headache, boils, 20 Asteraceae Tagetes erecta Leaves muscular pain 21 Begoniaceae Begonia palmata Leaves A febrifuge Treats toothache along 22 Cannaceae Canna indica Leaves with Solanum myriacanthum Snake and insect bites, 23 Caryophyllaceae Drymaria cordata Leaves sinus problem Jaundice, headache, 24 Costaceae Cheilocostus speciosus Stem fever; a germicide Wounds, insect bites, 25 Crassulaceae Bryophyllum pinnata Leaves gall bladder stone 26 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera Tubers Piles, dysentery Equisetum 27 Equisetaceae Entire plant Rheumatic pain, hair ramosissimum 28 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia royleana Latex Toothache, burns Used for brushing 29 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Branch stem during toothache Rheumatic body parts, 30 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Leaves blood clotting, bone fracture Bark paste is wrapped 31 Fabaceae Albizia chinensis Bark around injured part that supports as bandage Improves womb 32 Fabaceae Albizia lebbeck Leaves, seeds weakness Problems of womb in 33 Fabaceae Bauhinia glauca Roots women 34 Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida Leaves, bark Jaundice Wounds, insects’ bites, 35 Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Leaves jaundice, urinary problem Gastric problem & 36 Hypoxidaceae Curculigo orchioides Rhizome venereal diseases 37 Lamiaceae Elsholtzia blanda Leaves Stomach-ache, nervous RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.38 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Disease/ailment Family Name of species Parts used No. treated tension, constipation Cough, skin diseases, 38 Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum Leaves insect stings Measles, allergies; 39 Malvaceae Gossypium arboreum Seeds refrigerant Dysentery, gastric 40 Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves problems, indigestion 41 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Leaves Heart problems Artocarpus 42 Moraceae Seeds, bark Cancer, asthma heterophyllus 43 Moraceae Ficus altissima Fruits Appetizer 44 Moraceae Ficus carica Fruits Womb tumour 45 Musaceae Musa paradisiaca Latex Dysentery 46 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Leaves Dysentery; germicidal Jaundice, dysentery, 47 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Entire plant diarrhoea Cough; source of 48 Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus emblica Fruits vitamin improving eye sight As antiseptic in cuts and 49 Piperaceae Piper betle Leaves wounds; cough 50 Poaceae Bambusa tulda Shoot Piles Fever, dysentery, 51 Pteridaceae Adiantum lunulatum Aerial part malaria 52 Rosaceae Fragaria nilgerrensis Fruits Source of vitamin 53 Rutaceae Citrus limon Leaves, seeds Headache, dysentery 54 Solanaceae Brugmansia suaveolens Leaves Weak memory 55 Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum Seeds Cough, fever 56 Solanaceae Solanum myriacanthum Seeds Toothache; germicidal 57 Zingiberaceae Curcuma aeruginosa Rhizome Tuberculosis, cancer Body ache, swelling 58 Zingiberaceae Curcuma angustifolia Rhizome body parts, cuts & wounds Rheumatic pain, womb 59 Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Rhizome tumour Source: Imchen & Jamir, 2011; Jamir & Tsurho, 2016 Timber yielding Tree species Some of the timber yielding trees found in the study area are Albizia procera, Chukrasia tabularis, Magnolia champaca, Actinodaphne obovata, Schima wallichii, Terminalia myriocarpa, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera sylvatica. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.39 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 2.3.2 Faunal Elements While describing the faunal diversity in Nagaland, it would be imperative to address the ethnic composition, and their rights and privileges on forests. Forests in Nagaland are largely under the community and private forests. The tribes of the region are closely associated with the forest resources not only for their livelihood. But on the other hands, hunting is considered as a serious activity among the tribal community in Nagaland, therefore, many rituals are performed for the successful hunting. Hunting and trapping of mammals and birds and slash and burn practice (shifting cultivation) are common phenomena in the state, which are one of the major threats to the biodiversity; therefore, scientists and ecologists have been highlighting their consequences on biodiversity for long back. Deforestation for shifting cultivation and hunting practices in the state are resulting in degradation of wildlife habitat. To study the wild mammalian fauna of the study area, transects and trails were walked on same transects used for floral survey. During the field surveys, not a single species encountered during the transect walk. As informed by the local people, the wild mammals are found in upper reaches having dense forests and have not human interference. Due to large number of illegal hunting of these animals for the meat, medicine and other use like home decoration etc. the number of mammal’s species was decreases gradually in the area and they are seen very occasionally. Therefore, the fauna of the state has been compiled with the help of secondary sources. Data was compiled from published literature of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and Bhupathy et al. (2011). Nagaland harbours a variety of wildlife distributed throughout the state. For management and preservation of wildlife in the State, the Department of Forests, Environment & Ecology and Wildlife has a full-fledged wildlife Wing under the Chief Wildlife Warden. 2.3.2.1 Mammals As per the data compiled, 28 species of mammals belonging 17 families of 8 orders are reported from the project districts. As per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, 2020-1, 5 species are in Endangered (EN) category, 5 species are in Vulnerable (VU) category, 4 species are in Near Threatened (NT) category, 12 species are in Least Concerned (LC) category and 2 species were Not Assessed (NA). List of RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.40 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland important mammals found in the project districts along with their conservation status is given in Table 2.12. Table 2.12: List of Mammals Conservation S. Family Scientific Name Common Name Status (IUCN No. 2020.1) Order-Artiodactyla 1 Bovidae Bos frontalis Mithun NA 2 Bovidae Nemorhaedus goral Goral NT 3 Suidae Sus scrofa Wild Boar LC Order- Carnivora 4 Felidae Panthera tigris Tiger EN 5 Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard or Panther VU 6 Felidae Felis bengalensis Leopard Cat LC 7 Mustelidae Arctonyx collaris Hog-badger VU 8 Canidae Cuon alpinus Wild Dog EN 9 Ursidae Melursus urinus Sloth Bear VU 10 Mustelidae Lutra lutra Common Otter NT 11 Felidae Felis chaus Jungle Cat LC 12 Herpestidae Herpestes edwadsii Mongoose LC 13 Canidae Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox LC Martes foina intermedia, 14 Mustelidae Martins LC M. flavigula Paradoxums 15 Viverridae Tody Cat LC hermophroditus Order-Cetartiodactyla 16 Cervidae Muntiacus muntjak Barking Deer LC 17 Cervidae Cervus unicolor Sambar VU Order- Lagomorpha 18 Leporidae Lepus nigricollis Common Hare LC Order- Pholidota 19 Manidae Monis crassicaudata Pangolin EN Order- Primates 20 Hylobatidae Hylobates hoolock Hoolock EN 21 Lorisidae Nycticebus coucang Slow Lorris VU 22 Cercopithecidae Macaca assamensis Assamese Macaque NT 23 Cercopithecidae Canis aureus Jackal NT Order- Proboscidea 24 Elephantidae Elephas maximus Elephant EN Order- Rodentia 25 Sciuridae Petuarista petuarista Giant Flying Squirrel LC 26 Hystricidae Hystrix indica Porcupine LC 27 Sciuridae Ratufa indica Indian Giant Squirrel LC 28 Sciuridae Ratufa bicolor Black Giant Squirrel NA Source: NBSAP & ZSI; Bhupathy et al. (2011) 2.3.2.2 Avifauna As per the data compiled, 86 species of avifauna belonging 40 families of 15 orders are reported from the project districts. As per the IUCN Red List of RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.41 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Threatened species, 2020-1, 1 species is in Critically Endangered (CR) category, 1 species is in VU category, 3 species are in NT category and 81 species are in LC category. List of important avifauna found in the project districts along with their conservation status is given in Table 2.13. Table 2.13: List of Avifauna Conservation S. Order/ Family Scientific Name Common Name Status (IUCN No. 2020.1) Accipitriformes 1 Accipitridae Gyps himalayensis Himalayan Griffon NT 2 Accipitridae Milvus migrans Black Kite LC Anseriformes 3 Anatidae Anas crecca Common Teal LC Apodiformes 4 Apodinae Aerodramus brevirostris Himalayan Swiftlet LC 5 Apodidae Apus affinis Little swift LC 6 Apodidae Apus nipalensis House Swift LC Bucerotiformes 7 Bucerotidae Buceros bicornis Great Hornbill VU 8 Bucerotidae Ocyceros birostris Indain Grey Hornbill LC 9 Upupidae Upupa epops Eurasian hoopoe LC Caprimulgiformes 10 Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus asiaticus Indian nightjar LC Charadriiformes 11 Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red-wattled lapwing LC 12 Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago Common snipe LC 13 Scolopacidae Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper LC Columbiformes 14 Columbidae Columba livia Rock Pigeon LC Mountain Imperial- 15 Columbidae Ducula badia LC Pigeon 16 Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove LC 17 Columbidae Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove LC Yellow-footed green 18 Columbidae Treron phoenicoptera LC pigeon Coraciiformes 19 Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher LC 20 Coraciidae Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller LC 21 Meropidae Merops orientalis Green bee-eater LC Cuculiformes 22 Phasianidae Arborophila torqueola Hill Partridge LC 23 Cuculidae Centropus bengalensis Lesser Coucal LC 24 Cuculidae Centropus sinensis Great Coucal LC 25 Cuculidae Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel LC Falconiformes 26 Falconidae Falco amurensis* Amur falcon LC Galliformes 7 Ardeidae Ardea Cinerea Grey Heron LC 28 Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret LC RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.42 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Conservation S. Order/ Family Scientific Name Common Name Status (IUCN No. 2020.1) 29 Corvidae Corvus splendens House crow LC 30 Phasianidae Lophura leucomelanos Kalij Pheasant LC 31 Phasianidae Syrmaticus humiae Mrs Hume's Pheasant NT 32 Phasianidae Ophrysia superciliosa Himalayan Quail CR 33 Phasianidae Gallus gallus Red Jungle Fowl LC Polyplectron Grey Peacock- 34 Phasianidae LC bicalcaratum pheasant 35 Phasianidae Coturnix coturnix Common Quail LC 36 Odontophoridae Oreortyx pictus Mountain Quail LC Passeriformes 37 Campephagidae Pericrocotus speciosus Scarlet Minivet LC 38 Corvidae Dendrocitta formosae Gray Treepie LC 39 Corvidae Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie LC Yellow-billed Blue 40 Corvidae Urocissa erythroryncha LC Magpie Chestnut-eared 41 Emberizidae Emberiza fucata LC Bunting 42 Emberizidae Melophus lathami Crested Bunting LC 43 Leiothrichidae Heterophasia capistrata Rufous sibia LC 44 Leiothrichidae Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler LC Streptopelia Paradise flycatcher 45 Monarchidae LC senegalensis bird Indian Paradise- 46 Monarchidae Terpsiphone paradisi LC flycatcher 47 Motacillidae Motacilla alba White wagtail LC Chaimarrornis White-capped Water 48 Muscicapidae LC leucocephalus Redstart White-rumped 49 Muscicapidae Copsychus malabaricus LC shama Oriental Magpie 50 Muscicapidae Copsychus saularis LC Robin 51 Muscicapidae Enicurus maculatus Spotted Forktail LC Blue Whistling 52 Muscicapidae Myophonus caeruleus LC Thrush Plumbeous Water 53 Muscicapidae Rhyacornis fuliginosus LC Redstart 54 Nectariniidae Aethopyga siparaja Crimson sunbird LC 55 Paridae Parus major Great Tit LC 56 Passeridae Dendronanthus indicus Forest Wagtail LC 57 Passeridae Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail LC 58 Passeridae Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail LC Motacilla White-Browed 59 Passeridae LC maderaspatensis Wagtail 60 Passeridae Passer domesticus House Sparrow LC 61 Phasianidae Tragopan blythii Blyth's Tragopan LC 62 Phylloscopidae Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler LC Dendrocopos Yellow Crowned 63 Picidae LC mahrattensis Woodpecker 64 Pnoepygidae Pnoepyga albiventer Scaly-breasted LC RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. 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Order/ Family Scientific Name Common Name Status (IUCN No. 2020.1) Cupwing 65 Pnoepygidae Pnoepyga pusilla Pygmy Cupwing LC Hypsipetes 66 Pycnonotidae Black Bulbul LC leucocephalus Hypsipetes 67 Pycnonotidae Madagascar bulbul LC madagascariensis 68 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafer Red-Vented Bulbul LC 69 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered bulbul LC 70 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus leucogenys Himalayan Bulbul LC 71 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus melanicterus Black-crested Bulbul LC 72 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus striatus Striated Bulbul LC Grey-headed Canary- 73 Stenostiridae Culicicapa ceylonensis LC Flycatcher 74 Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Common Myna LC 75 Sturnidae Gracula religiosa Hill Myna LC Pin-striped Tit- 76 Timaliidae Mixornis gularis LC Babbler 77 Turdidae Turdus merula Common blackbird LC Pelecaniformes 78 Dicruridae Dicrurus adsimilis Fork Tail Drongo LC 79 Dicruridae Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo LC Lesser Racket-tailed 80 Dicruridae Dicrurus remifer LC Drongo Piciformes Black-crowned Night- 81 Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax LC heron 82 Megalaimidae Psilopogon asiaticus Blue Throated Barbet LC Psittacifromes 83 Psittaciormes Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed parakeet LC Blossom-headed 84 Psittacidae Psittacula roseata NT Parakeet Strigiformes 85 Strigidae Otus lettia Collared Scops-Owl LC 86 Strigidae Otus spilocephalus Mountain Scops-Owl LC Source: NBSAP & ZSI; Indian Birds Journal Vol. 6. No.2 (2010) Special Issue: Nagaland *Falco amurensis (Amur falcons), the world’s longest travelling raptors was also reported from the state. These amazing raptors travel one of the longest migration routes of all birds, up to 22,000 km in a year. They arrive in north- east India from Siberia en route to their destination at Somalia, Kenya and South Africa. In Nagaland state, Doyang Lake, Pangti village and nearby areas in Wokha district is better known as a roosting site for the Amur falcons during their annual migration from their breeding grounds to warmer South Africa. Thus, Nagaland is also known as the “Falcon Capital of the World”. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.44 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland The birds are the least concern under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and the species is categorized under Schedule-IV of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and the Convention on Migratory Species, to which India is a signatory (which means it is mandatory to protect the birds). Till 2013-14, hundreds of these migratory raptors were reportedly killed in Nagaland when they arrived at Doyang reservoir in Wokha to roost every winter. The efforts of the Nagaland forest department and villagers of Wokha district ensured that not a single falcon was killed last year while on their way to South Africa from Siberia. During field survey it was observed that neither the location of any substation nor any route of transmission line/ distribution line falls in migratory path of Amur falcons. 2.3.2.3 Herpetofauna As per the data compiled, 15 species of reptiles and 10 species of amphibians are reported from the project districts. List of important herpetofauna found in the project districts is given in Table 2.14. Table 2.14: List of Herpetofauna S. No. Family Scientific Name Common Name Reptiles Order-Squamata 1 Agamidae Calotis versicolor Common garden lizard 2 Agamidae Calotis emma Forest crested lizard 3 Agamidae Draco spilonotus Flying Lizard 4 Boidae Eryx johnii Indian sand boa 5 Colubridae Zamenis mucosus Common Rat Snake 6 Elapidae Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra 7 Elapidae Bungarus caeruleus Common krait 8 Elapidae Naja naja Indian cobra 9 Elapidae Bungarus niger Black krait 10 Gekkonidae Hemidactylus garnotii Gecko 11 Pythonidae Python reticulatus Reticulated Python 12 Scincidae Eutropis carinata Skink 13 Varanidae Varanus bengalensis Monitor Lizard 14 Viperidae Trimeresurus sp. Pit Viper Order-Testudines 15 Testudinidae Testudo graeca Tortoise Amphibians Order-Anura 16 Bufonidae Bufo melanostictus Asian Common Toad 17 Dicroglossidae Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian Bullfrog 18 Hylidae Hyla annectans Tree Frog 19 Megophryidae Megophrys glandulosa The Glandular Horned Toad 20 Ranidae Amolops gerbillus Stream frog RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.45 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 21 Ranidae Pterorana khare Indian Flying Frog 22 Ranidae Rana humeralis Bhamo Frog 23 Ranidae Rana tytleri Yellow-striped Leaf Frog 24 Rhacophoridae Rhacophorus bipunctatus The twin-spotted Flying Frog 25 Rhacophoridae Rhacophorus maximus Giant Gliding Frog Source: NBSAP & ZSI; Selvaraj (2013) 2.3.2.4 Butterflies As per the data compiled, 62 species of butterflies belonging 5 families are reported from the project districts. Of which, 34 species belong to Nymphalidae family, followed by 11 species belonging to Lycaenidae family. List of butterflies found in the project districts is given in Table 2.15. Table 2.15: Butterflies in Nagaland S. No. Family Scientific name Common name 1 Hesperiidae Choaspes benjaminii Indian Awlking 2 Hesperiidae Gerosis bhagava Common Yellow Breasted Flat 3 Hesperiidae Hasora chromus Common Banded Awl 4 Hesperiidae Oriens goloides Common Dartlet 5 Hesperiidae Spialia galba Indian Skipper 6 Hesperiidae Tagiades japetus Common Snow Flat 7 Lycaenidae Abisara fyllla Dark Judy 8 Lycaenidae Acytolepis puspa Common Hedge Blue 9 Lycaenidae Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot 10 Lycaenidae Chilades lajus Lime Blue 11 Lycaenidae Heliophorus epicles Purple Sapphire 12 Lycaenidae Jamides bochus Dark Cerulean 13 Lycaenidae Jamides celeno Common Cerulean 14 Lycaenidae Leptotes plinius Zebra blue 15 Lycaenidae Neopithecops zalmora Quaker 16 Lycaenidae Talicada nyseus Red Pierrot 17 Lycaenidae Taraka hamada Forest Pierrot 18 Nymphalidae Aglais cashmiriensis Indian Tortoise Shell 19 Nymphalidae Apatura ambica Indian Purple Emperor 20 Nymphalidae Argyreus hyperbius Indian Fritillary 21 Nymphalidae Ariadne merione Common Castor 22 Nymphalidae Athyma perius Common Sergeant 23 Nymphalidae Cethosia cyane Leopard Lacewing 24 Nymphalidae Charaxes bernardus Tawny Rajah 25 Nymphalidae Childrena childreni Large Silverstripe 26 Nymphalidae Cirrochroa tyche Common Yeoman 27 Nymphalidae Cyrestis thyodamas Common Map 28 Nymphalidae Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger 29 Nymphalidae Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palmfly 30 Nymphalidae Elymnias patna Blue-Striped Palmfly 31 Nymphalidae Euploea core Common Crow 32 Nymphalidae Euripus nyctelius Courtesan 33 Nymphalidae Fabriciana kamala Common Silverstripe 34 Nymphalidae Junonia lemonias Lemon Pansy 35 Nymphalidae Kallima inachus Orange Oakleaf 36 Nymphalidae Kaniska canace Blue Admiral 37 Nymphalidae Lethe bhairava Rusty Forester RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. 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No. Family Scientific name Common name 38 Nymphalidae Lethe insane Common Forester 39 Nymphalidae Moduza procris Commander 40 Nymphalidae Mycalesis perseus Common Bushbrown 41 Nymphalidae Parantica aglea Glassy Tiger 42 Nymphalidae Phalanta phalantha Common Leopard 43 Nymphalidae Polyura athamas Common Nawab 44 Nymphalidae Sumalia daraxa Green Commodore 45 Nymphalidae Symbrenthia hippoclus Common Jester 46 Nymphalidae Symbrenthia hypselis Himalayan Jester 47 Nymphalidae Vagrans egista Vagrant 48 Nymphalidae Vanessa cardui Painted Lady 49 Nymphalidae Vanessa indica Indian Red Admiral 50 Nymphalidae Ypthima asterope Common Threering 51 Nymphalidae Ypthima baldus Common Fivering 52 Papilionidae Graphium cloanthus Glassy Bluebottle 53 Papilionidae Papilio alcmenor Red Breast 54 Papilionidae Papilio polyctor Common Peacock 55 Pieridae Catopsilia pomona Common Emigrant 56 Pieridae Colias fieldii Dark Clouded Yellow 57 Pieridae Delias pasithoe Red-Base Jezebel 58 Pieridae Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow 59 Pieridae Ixias pyrene Yellow Orange Tip 60 Pieridae Pareronia valeria Common Wanderer 61 Pieridae Pieris brassicae Large Cabbage White 62 Pieridae Pieris canidia Indian Cabbage White Source: NBSAP & ZSI; Naro & Sondhi (2014), Bhupathy et al. (2011) 2.3.3 Protected Areas The protected area network in Nagaland occupies 222.36 sq. km area, which constitute about 1.34% of the state’s geographical area. The Protected Area Network includes 1 National Park (NP) and 3 Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS). Out of these 4 protected areas, Puliebadze and Rangapahar WLS falls in project districts. In the instant scheme, all such areas are completely avoided through careful route selection. Details of the protected areas are presented below in Table 2.16. Map showing location of all the protected areas in Nagaland is given at Figure 2.6. Table 2.16: Protected Area Network in Nagaland S. Area Year of Protected Areas District No. (sq km) Notification 1 Intaki National Park 202.02 Peren 1993 2 Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary 6.41 Kiphire 1980 3 Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary 9.23 Kohima 1980 4 Rangapahar Wildlife Sanctuary 4.70 Dimapur 1986 The nearest subproject from Puliebadze WLS is 132 kV DC New Kohima (Zadhima) to Secretariat Complex Kohima (NU Campus) Transmission Line (TL). The nearest component of the TL from the WLS is Nagaland University RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.47 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Campus Gantry, which is at a distance of approx. 7.66 km (refer Figure 2.7). The nearest new 132/33 kV Sub-station from the WLS is at Secretariat Complex Kohima, which is at a distance of approx. 7.66 km (refer Figure 2.7). The nearest new 33/11 kV Sub-station from the WLS is at Lalmati (Zubza), which is at a distance of approx. 6.48 km (refer Figure 2.7). The nearest subproject from Rangapahar WLS is 33 kV Distribution Line (DL) from Existing 132/66/33 kV Nagarjan Sub-station to New 33/11 kV Padampukhri Sub-station. The nearest component of the DL from the WLS is Pole no. 01, which is at a distance of approx. 2.66 km (refer Figure 2.8). The nearest new 132/33 kV Sub-station from the WLS is at Secretariat Complex Kohima, which is at a distance of approx. 39 km. The nearest new 33/11 kV Sub-station from the WLS is at Padampukhri, which is at a distance of approx. 7 km. 2.3.4 Community Reserves Community Reserves are the biodiversity abundant lands that are privately or community-owned and are managed by the individual(s)/communities in possession of the area. These reserves allow for extraction of natural resources, the levels of which are governed by a multi-stakeholder Reserve Management Committee. Community Reserve Management Committee is to consist of five representatives nominated by the local Village Panchayat or the Gram Sabha, and one representative each from the State Department of Forest and Wildlife. As per information available from State forest department and ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas, the State Government of Nagaland had Notified 57 Community Reserves (Table 2.17) under section 36C (1) of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. In the instant scheme, all such areas have been completely avoided through careful route selection. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.48 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.6: Protected Area Map of Nagaland RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.49 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.7: Distance of Sub-Projects from Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.50 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.8: Distance of Sub-Projects from Rangapahar Wildlife Sanctuary RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.51 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.17: List of Community Reserves Notified Under section 36C (1) Wildlife Protection Act 1972, in Nagaland S.No. Name of Community Reserve Year of Establishment Area (km2) 1 Atoizu Community Reserve 2015 4.0 2 Benreu Community Reserve 2018 30.0 3 Bhumbak Community Reserve 2018 6.5 4 Bonchu Community Reserve 2009 9.05 5 Chemekong Community Reserve 2015 29.175 6 Chishilimi Community Reserve 2015 3.5 7 D. Khel, Kohima Village Community Reserve 2015 3.0 8 Dihoma Community Reserve 2015 2.0 9 Gariphema Community Reserve 2018 2.65 10 Hukphang Community Reserve 2018 3.0 11 Jotsoma Community Reserve 2018 5.0 12 Kanjang Community Reserve 2018 1.0 13 Kezoma Community Reserve 2018 2.65 14 Khekiye Community Reserve 2015 2.5 15 Khonoma Community Reserve 2018 2.65 16 Khrieyalienuomaiko Community Reserve 2018 2.65 17 Khrokhropfu – Lephori Community Reserve 2009 6.15 18 Khudei Community Reserve 2018 4.8 19 Khutur Community Reserve 2018 4.89 20 Khwuma Khel Jotsoma Community Reserve 2018 3.0 21 Kidema Community Reserve 2018 2.65 22 Kigwema Community Reserve 2015 2.65 23 Kikruma Community Reserve 2015 1.1 24 Kilo Old Community Reserve 2018 2.0 25 Kiyelho Community Reserve 2018 3.0 26 Litem Community Reserve 2018 1.6 27 Lizuto Community Reserve 2015 2.5 28 Longra Community Reserve 2018 2.275 29 Longtang Community Reserve 2018 5.8 30 Lotovi Community Reserve 2018 1.0 31 Luzaphuhu Community Reserve 2015 14.0 32 Mezoma Community Reserve 2015 2.85 33 Morakjo Community Reserve 2015 6.5 34 Mpai Namci Community Reserve 2018 20.0 35 Nerhema Perazatsa Community Reserve 2018 20.0 36 Nerhema Yaoke Community Reserve 2018 20.0 37 Nian Community Reserve 2018 2.0 38 Noksen Community Reserve 2018 1.0 39 Piphema “A” Community Reserve 2018 1.0 40 Piphema “B” Community Reserve 2018 2.8 41 Rangkang Community Reserve 2018 5.15 42 Sakhabama Community Reserve 2018 2.5 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. 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Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S.No. Name of Community Reserve Year of Establishment Area (km2) 43 Sangdak Community Reserve 2018 5.09 44 Scaly-Mopungchuket Community Reserve 2009 15.0 45 Sitap Community Reserve 2018 1.5 46 Tamlu Community Reserve 2018 2.0 47 Thsuruhu Community Reserve 2015 2.7 48 Tsekhewelu Community Reserve 2015 8.0 49 Tsiepama Community Reserve 2015 3.325 50 Tuophema Village Community Reserve 2018 2.5. 51 Viswema Community Reserve 2018 2.65 52 Wakchin Chingla Community Reserve 2018 30.0 53 Yali Community Reserve 2018 14.0 54 Yangpi Community Reserve 2018 3.0007 55 Yaongyimchen Community Reserve 2018 8.0 56 Yongshei Community Reserve 2018 1.5 57 Yonyu Community Reserve 2018 4.8 Source: https://forest.nagaland.gov.in/introduction/ (accessed on 29April 2020) http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Database/Community%20Reserves_8228.aspx (accessed on 29April 2020) 2.3.5 Sacred Groves and Community Conserved Areas (CCA) India is well known for nature’s worship, which plays an integral role in the lives of many communities. Every aspect of religious and cultural practices is deeply rooted with the forest that helps in nature conservation. These types of forest bring the concept of “sacred groves”. Generally, sacred groves are a tract of virgin forest, harbouring rich biodiversity and protected traditionally by the local communities as a whole. The area of scared groves ranges from few square meters to several hectares. In Nagaland, various ethnic groups have preserved and protected several forest patches and even individual trees or animals with the belief in nature’s worship. As per available data, there are 33 sacred groves and community conserved areas in the project districts (refer Table 2.18). In the instant scheme, all such areas are completely avoided through careful route selection. The details of nearest distance i.e. less than 5 km of aerial distance between any sacred groves or community conserved areas from any component of the transmission line or distribution line are given below and shown if Figure 2.9 to Figure 2.11. From the map it is evident that though the distance is less than 1 km, route of lines is totally opposite to these sacred groves or community conserved areas. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.53 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • Chakasang Sacred Grove: Approx. 0.63 km from Tower No. 01 of LILO of both circuit Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero and Approx. 0.94 km from Pole No. 12 of 33 kV line from New 132/33 kV Pfutsero S/S to New 33/11 kV Pfutsero S/S (refer Figure 2.9). • Ngatipang Sacred Grove, Ungma Village: Approx. 0.24 km from Pole No. 66 of Existing 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung to New 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Hospital Area Sub-station (refer Figure 2.10). • Ngaza Sacred Grove, Ungma Village: Approx. 0.52 km from Pole No. 50 of Existing 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung to New 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Hospital Area Sub-station (refer Figure 2.10). • Longkhum Community Conserved Area: Approx. 1 km from Tower No. 269 of 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima - Mokokchung via Wokha TL (refer Figure 2.11). Table 2.18: List of Sacred Groves & Community Conserved Areas in Project Districts S. Name of Sacred Groves/ Community Location No. Conserved Areas District: Mokokchung 1 Jangjalong, Waromung village 94°31'05.3” E 26°32'18.3” N 2 Yimchingkaba, Lakhuni village 94°25'15.10” E 26°32' 24.46” N 3 Ngatipang, Ungma village 94°30'11.73” E 26°17'46.73” N 4 Ngaza, Ungma village 94°30'05.784” E 26°17'42.72” N 5 Naginimora 94°49'30.36” E 26°48'33.78” N 6 Kaiviou CCA in Longwa 95°11'18.48” E 26°39'58.85” N 7 Kanglatu CCA in Changtongya 94°39'57.66” E 26°34'0.37” N 8 CCA in Longkhum 94°24'35.37” E 26°15'54.02” N 9 Meinkong CCA 10 CCA in Changki 94°23'20.23” E 26°25'25.76"N District: Wokha 11 Mount Tiyi 94°16’27.55” E 26°12’32.59” N 12 Potsow lan, between Mt. Totsu and Mt. Tiyi 94°07ˈ07.2” E 26°01ˈ31.9” N 13 Limyon (‘Red field’), Echuyonton 94° 09’1.6” E 26°02’06.9” N 14 Liko Emvu (‘Unclean land’), Yanphiso 94°19’1.4” E 26°04’05.4” N 15 Ali-Merum (‘Red Soil’), N. Longidang village 94°28’11.6” E 26°88’18.5” N 16 Sako-Selek, N. Longidang village 94°09’22.8” E 26°02’27.2” N 17 Doyang Reservoir 94°25’58” E 25°59’30” N 18 Baghty CCA 94°12'32.27” E 26°14'43.74” N District: Zunhebhoto 19 Yemetsu Lhove, Mishelili village 94°60’09” E 25°53’28.9” N 20 Sungato, Mishelimi village 94°15’42.1” E 25°53’8” N 21 Ghosu bird sanctuary, Ghukiye village 94°26’1.10” E 25°59’31.50” N 22 Tizu CCA 94°31'33.96” E 25°51'25.64” N 23 Chishilami CCA 94°22'21.11” E 25°53'38.61” N District: Mon 24 Oloanu, Zakho village 95°05’58” E 26°49’20.20” N 25 Naginimora 94°49'30.36” E 26°48'33.78” N RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.54 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Name of Sacred Groves/ Community Location No. Conserved Areas 26 Kaiviou CCA in Longwa 95°11'18.48” E 26°39'58.85” N District: Phek 27 Chakasang area 94°17'56.42” E 25°34'42.91” N 28 CCA in Lazuphu 94°28'9.93” E 25°37'29.03” N 29 CCA in Chizami 94°22'57.52” E 25°36'3.47” N 30 CCA in Kikruma 94°14'13.42” E 25°35'39.76” N District: Kohima 31 Khonoma Sanctuary 94°00'04” E 25°37'35” N 32 Kigwema CCA 94°8'10.48” E 25°36'47.86” N 33 Sendenyu CCA 94°7'5.86” E 25°54'6.71” N Source: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/219638/13/13_chapter%204.pdf https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/125730/7/07%20chapter%203.pdf https://www.iccaconsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Documentation-of-Community-Conserved- Areas-of-Nagaland-final.pdf 2.3.6 Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) Bird Life International (www.birdlife.org) has identified 9 Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Nagaland. These IBAs cover 606.25 sq km area, which constitute about 3.66% of the state’s geographical area. Out of these 9 IBAs, only 5 IBAs falls in project districts. However, the proposed transmission and distribution lines don’t pass through any IBAs. In the instant scheme, all such areas are completely avoided through careful route selection. Details of the IBAs are presented below in Table 2.19. The IBAs which are nearest from subprojects i.e. within 10 km aerial distance are Khonoma Nature Conservation & Tragopan Sanctuary and Puliebadze- Dzukou-Zapfu IBA from 132 kV DC New Kohima (Zadhima) to Secretariat Complex Kohima (NU Campus) TL and Pfutsero-Chizami IBA from LILO of both Circuit of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) TL. The distance of IBAs with respect to T&D network and sub-stations is given in Figure 2.12 and Figure 2.13. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.55 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.9: Distance of Chakasang Sacred Grove in Phek District w.r.t. to Sub-Projects RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.56 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.10: Distance of Ngaza and Ngatipang Sacred Groves in Mokokchung District w.r.t. to Sub-Project RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.57 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.11: Distance of Longkhum Community Conserved Area in Wokha District w.r.t. to Sub-Project RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.58 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.19: Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas in Nagaland S. IBA Area IBA Name Criteria Important Species District No. Code (sq km) Fakim Wildlife Tragopan blythii, Syrmaticus 1 IN421 Sanctuary and A1, A2 30.00 Kiphire humiae, Aceros nipalensis Saramati area Cairina scutulata, Aceros 2 IN422 Intaki National Park A1, A3 202.02 Peren nipalensis Khonoma Nature Tragopan blythii, Apus 3 IN423 Conservation and A1, A2 25.00 Kohima acuticauda Tragopan Sanctuary Tragopan blythii, Aceros 4 IN424 Mount Paona A1, A2 30.00 Peren nipalensis Tragopan blythii, Syrmaticus 5 IN425 Mount Zanibu A1, A2 humiae, Columba punicea, 40.00 Phek Aceros nipalensis Tragopan blythii, Syrmaticus 6 IN426 Mount Ziphu A1, A2 humiae, Gallinago nemoricola, 50.00 Phek Aceros nipalensis Tragopan blythii, Syrmaticus 7 IN427 Pfutsero-Chizami A1, A2 70.00 Phek humiae Puliebadze-Dzukou- Tragopan blythii, Apus 8 IN428 A1, A2 109.23 Kohima Zapfu acuticauda Tragopan blythii, Syrmaticus 9 IN429 Satoi Range A1, A2 50.00 Kiphire humiae, Aceros nipalensis Source: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/india. Checked on 2020-04-24 http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/IBA_8463.aspx Checked on 2020-04-24 International Bird Areas are achieved through the application of quantitative ornithological criteria, grounded in up-to-date knowledge of the sizes and trends of bird populations. The Global criteria are as follows: A1. Globally threatened species Criterion: The site is known or thought regularly to hold significant numbers of a globally threatened species, or other species of global conservation concern. A2. Restricted-range species Criterion: The site is known or thought to hold a significant component of a group of species whose breeding distributions define an Endemic Bird Area (EBA) or Secondary Area (SA). A3. Biome-restricted species Criterion: The site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species whose distributions are largely or wholly confined to one biome. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.59 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.12: Distance of IBAs in Kohima District w.r.t. to Sub-Projects RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.60 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 2.13: Distance of Sub-Projects in Phek District w.r.t. to Nearest IBA RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.61 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 2.3.7 Wetland As per the National Wetland Atlas of India, the estimated wetland area of the state is 21544 ha area, which is 1.3% of total geographic area of the state. It includes 267 small wetlands (<2.25 ha) also. Total number of wetlands present in the State is 421, however, none of the wetlands is in the Ramsar list. Doyang Lake, Chathe Reservoir, Shilloi Lake and parts of Tizu river are important wetlands of the State. River/Stream is the single most dominant wetland type of the state with 89.37% contribution. Among, other wetland types, reservoir/barrage is the major one. Two reservoirs are mapped with 1547 ha area (7.18%). Only one natural lake/pond is mapped with 3 ha area. Wetland map of the state is shown in Figure 2.14. In the project districts, the estimated 15371 ha, which is 1.4% of total geographic area of the project districts. It includes 232 small wetlands also. District wise area of wetlands (type-wise) in project district is given in Table 2.17. Figure 2.14: Wetland Area Map of Nagaland RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.62 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.20: District Wise Area of Wetlands (Type-Wise) in Project Districts Wetland Type Area (ha) Sub S. Name of Geographical Ox-bow Wetlands Total Lake/ Waterlogged River/ Reservoir Tank/ Total No. District Area (sq km) lake/ Cut-off (<2.25 ha) (ha) pond (Natural) Stream / Barrage Pond (ha) meander 1 Dimapur 927 3 334 1494 11 41 1883 130 2013 2 Kohima 1463 3 1161 1164 9 1173 3 Mokokchung 1615 20 1713 1733 14 1747 4 Mon 1786 6 6 2792 2804 16 2820 5 Phek 2026 15 2394 2409 5 2414 6 Wokha 1628 32 1336 1536 2904 42 2946 7 Zunheboto 1255 2242 2242 16 2258 TOTAL 10700 3 9 407 13132 1547 41 15139 232 15371 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.63 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT For sustainable development, it is important to understand social and economic conditions of the community in the region, impacts of development on the community, measures to mitigate negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts. For new development initiatives, socio economic assessment plays an important role to ensure community participation and their acceptance of the development activity. It also helps in planning the activities for local area development. Nagaland has a high literacy rate of 80.1 per cent. Majority of the population in the state speaks English, which is the official language of the state. The state offers technical and medical education. Nevertheless, agriculture and forestry contribute majority of Nagaland's Gross Domestic Product. Most of state's population, about 68 per cent of the total, depends on rural cultivation. The main crops of the state are rice, millet, maize, and pulses. Cash crops, like sugarcane and potato, are also grown in some parts. Plantation crops such as premium coffee, cardamom, and tea are grown in hilly areas in small quantities, but a large growth potential. Most people cultivate rice as it is the main staple diet of the people. About 80% of the cropped area is dedicated to rice. Oil seeds is another, higher income crop gaining ground in Nagaland. The farm productivity for all crops is low, compared to other Indian states, suggesting significant opportunity for farmer income increase. Currently the Jhum to Terraced cultivation ratio is 4:3; where Jhum is local name for cut-and-burn shift farming. Jhum farming is ancient, causes a lot of pollution and soil damage, yet accounts for majority of farmed area. The state does not produce enough food and depends on trade of food from others states of India. Forestry is also an important source of income. Cottage industries such as weaving, woodwork, and pottery are also an important source of revenue. Tourism has a lot of potential, but largely limited due to insurgency and concern of violence over the last five decades. Nagaland's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $1.4 billion in current prices. Dimapur is one of the main commercial hubs of Nagaland and is referred as Gateway to Nagaland and Manipur. According to 2011 census, the district has a population of 378,811 with a population density of 409 per sq. km. The sex ratio of the district is 919 females for 1000 males. 59.1% of the total district population is schedule tribe (Table 2.21). The district enjoys a good literacy rate of around 84.8% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 40%, of which 81% are main workers and 19% are marginal workers ( Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 17% are cultivators, 4% are agricultural labour, 2% RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.64 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland are household worker and the rest 77% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). The agriculture in the district is Terrace Rice Cultivation (TRC), rain fed and traditional. By and large mono cropping is practiced in the district. The TRC paddy alone covers an area of 32,900 ha where as Jhum covers about 7,800 ha. The second important crop in the district is Maize, which covers about 2500 ha. Important Pulses such as pea, lentil, black gram, beans, green gram, pigeon pea and oilseeds such as groundnut, soybean, sesame, sunflower, mustard, linseed, etc. are also grown in the district. Commercially viable crops such as sugarcane, ginger, jute, turmeric, tea, potato etc. are also grown in the district covering an area of 1,580 ha. Number of registered industrial units belonging to MSE sectors is 575, while registered industrial units belonging to Medium and large scale is 12. The main indigenous inhabitants of Kohima District are the Angami Nagas and the Rengma Nagas. But Kohima being the capital city, has a cosmopolitan appearance. As of 2011 Census, Kohima district has a population of 267,988. Out of this, male population numbers 138,966 while females’ numbers 129,022. Population density of the district is 213 per sq. km. The sex ratio of the district is 928 females for 1000 males (Table 2.21). Kohima has an average literacy rate of 85.2%, higher tha’n the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 88.7% and female literacy is 81.5% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 43%, of which 87% are main workers and 13% are marginal workers (Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 38% are cultivators, 1% are agricultural labour, 1% are household worker and the rest 60% are other workers’ (Table 2.24). Though some minerals like sand, sandstone, boulder stone etc. have been reported from the district, there are no Public Sector or large-scale Industries are in the district. Total number of registered industrial units in the district is 204, which are micro enterprises. Mokokchung is the cultural center of the Ao people and is economically and politically the most important urban center in Northern Nagaland. According to the 2011 census, Mokokchung district has a population of 194,622 and a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1000 males (Table 2.21). The district enjoys a high literacy rate of 91.6% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 59%, of which 71% are main workers and 29% are marginal workers (Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 52% are cultivators, 6% are agricultural labour, 2% are household worker and the rest 40% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in the district with a total cultivable area of 18433 Ha. Rice, Tuber, Maize, Soybean and Mustard the main crops while Tea and Orange are the main cash crops. Total number of registered Industrial units in the district is 95, while number of medium and large industrial units is 6. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.65 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Mon district’s main inhabitants belong to Konyak tribe of Nagas. According to 2011 census, the total population of the district is 250,260, with a population density of 140. The sex ratio of the district is 899 females for 1000 males (Table 2.21). The district has a literacy rate of 57.0%, which is lower than the corresponding National figure (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 51%, of which 81% are main workers and 19% are marginal workers (Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 80% are cultivators, 4% are agricultural labour, 1% are household worker and the rest 15% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). The economic condition of the people lags behind when compared to the living conditions of the people of other districts in Nagaland. As it is in the remotest part of Nagaland, its economic development has not been satisfactory. The recent trend in the District is tea-cultivation by the local people. The gentle slopes of Mon provide ample scope for developing the Mon District for the cultivation with all modern techniques. Only 121 registered small-scale industries are present in the district. Phek district is the home to Chakhesangs and Pochurys tribes of Nagas. The district has a population of 163,418 with a population density of 81 people/sq km. Phek has a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1000 males (Table 2.21) and a literacy rate of 78.1% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 49%, of which 79% are main workers and 21% are marginal workers ( Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 69% are cultivators, 2% are agricultural labour, 1% are household worker and the rest 28% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). TRC is widely practiced. Besides agriculture, some allied activities like salt making, weaving, bamboo and wood carving and fruit juice making also give employment to a part of the population. Total number of registered industrial units in the district is 22, while there is only one registered medium and large- scale industrial unit. Wokha district is primarily inhabited by Lothas tribe of Nagas. Total population of the district is 166,343 with a population density of 103 people/sq km. The sex ratio of the district is 968 females per 1000 males (Table 2.21). The district enjoys a high literacy rate of 87.7% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 47%, of which 81% are main workers and 19% are marginal workers (Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 66% are cultivators, 4% are agricultural labour, 1% are household worker and the rest 29% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). Cultivation is one of the main occupations of the people of this district. Jhum type of cultivation is widely practiced. The other form of cultivation is terrace, which is done in a small area. But as a result of Govt. efforts, the area under terrace is increasing. Number of registered industrial units in the district is 250, all of which are RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.66 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland small scale industries. Weaving, Poultry, Blacksmith, Carpentry and handicrafts are the main cottage industries of the district. Zunheboto district is the home of the Sumi Nagas. According to the 2011 census Zunheboto district has a population of 140,757 with a sex ratio of 976 females for every 1000 males (Table 2.21). The district has a healthy literacy rate of 85.3% (Table 2.22). Total working population of the district is 57%, of which 62% are main workers and 38% are marginal workers (Table 2.23). Of the main workers, 62% are cultivators, 4% are agricultural labour, 1% are household worker and the rest 33% are ‘other workers’ (Table 2.24). Agriculture is the main stay of people’s livelihood. Both Jhum and Terrace cultivation are practiced. Paddy, millet, maize, taro, French bean, potato, pumpkin, cucumber, chilly and several varieties of gourd are mainly grown. Total number of registered industrial units in the state is 95, all of which are small scale industries. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.67 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.21: Demographic Profile of Project Districts Population Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Districts No. of Household Sex Ratio Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female % 1 2 3 4 5 6 = (5/4*1000) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 = (10/3*100) Dimapur 78,605 378,811 197,394 181,417 919 0 0 0 223989 110892 113097 59.1 Kohima 54,391 267,988 138,966 129,022 928 0 0 0 224738 110617 114121 83.9 Mokokchung 42,690 194,622 101,092 93,530 925 0 0 0 178431 90567 87864 91.7 Mon 41,978 250,260 131,753 118,507 899 0 0 0 238285 124343 113942 95.2 Phek 36,639 163,418 83,743 79,675 951 0 0 0 157146 79536 77610 96.2 Wokha 31,891 166,343 84,505 81,838 968 0 0 0 156621 78816 77805 94.2 Zunheboto 27,835 140,757 71,217 69,540 976 0 0 0 136561 68071 68490 97.0 TOTAL 314,029 1,562,199 808,670 753,529 932 0 0 0 1,315,771 662,842 652,929 84.2 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 2.22: Literacy Profile of Project Districts Total population Population (above 6 years) Literate (Number) Literate Rate (%) Districts Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 11 = 12 = 13 = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (8/5*100) (9/6*100) (10/7*100) Dimapur 378,811 197,394 181,417 327,913 171,505 156,408 278,037 150,142 127,895 84.8 87.5 81.8 Kohima 267,988 138,966 129,022 231,702 120,687 111,015 197,489 107,038 90,451 85.2 88.7 81.5 Mokokchung 194,622 101,092 93,530 174086 90558 83528 159494 83479 76015 91.6 92.2 91.0 Mon 250,260 131,753 118,507 209,918 110,654 99,264 119,626 67,432 52,194 57.0 60.9 52.6 Phek 163,418 83,743 79,675 135666 69238 66428 105893 57926 47967 78.1 83.7 72.2 Wokha 166,343 84,505 81,838 146205 74207 71998 128208 67385 60823 87.7 90.8 84.5 Zunheboto 140,757 71,217 69,540 120664 60901 59763 102881 53504 49377 85.3 87.9 82.6 TOTAL 1,562,199 808,670 753,529 1,346,154 697,750 648,404 1,091,628 586,906 504,722 81.1 84.1 77.8 Source: Census of India, 2011 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.68 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 2.23: Occupational Pattern of Project Districts Working Population Total Non-Worker District Total Worker Main Worker Marginal Worker Population Total Male Female %* Total Male Female %** Total Male Female %*** Total Male Female %**** Dimapur 378,811 151350 99645 51705 40.0 122358 88055 34303 80.8 28992 11590 17402 19.2 227461 97749 129712 60.0 Kohima 267,988 114825 68140 46685 42.8 99408 60839 38569 86.6 15417 7301 8116 13.4 153163 70826 82337 57.2 Mokokchung 194622 100067 57084 42983 59.0 81046 48355 32691 71.1 19021 8729 10292 28.9 94555 44008 50547 41.0 Mon 250260 147654 79425 68229 51.4 104981 58695 46286 81.0 42673 20730 21943 19.0 102606 52328 50278 48.6 Phek 163418 80277 41556 38721 49.1 63645 34382 29263 79.3 16632 7174 9458 20.7 83141 42187 40954 50.9 Wokha 166343 78412 42096 36316 47.1 63512 35692 27820 81.0 14900 6404 8496 19.0 87931 42409 45522 52.9 Zunheboto 140757 79466 41178 38288 56.5 49382 27876 21506 62.1 30084 13302 16782 37.9 61291 30039 31252 43.5 TOTAL 1,562,199 752,051 429,124 322,927 48.1 584,332 353,894 230,438 77.7 167,719 75,230 92,489 22.3 810,148 379,546 430,602 51.9 Source: Census of India, 2011 Note: *Total Worker% = Total Worker/ Total Population x 100, **Main Worker% = Main Worker/ Total Worker x 100, *** Marginal Worker% = Marginal Worker/ Total Worker x 100, **** Non-Worker% = Non-Worker/ Total Population x 100 Table 2.24: Main Worker Profile of Project Districts Main Cultivators Agricultural Labour Household Industry Worker Other Workers Districts Worker Total Male Female %* Total Male Female %** Total Male Female %*** Total Male Female %**** Dimapur 122358 20591 12140 8451 16.8 4506 2743 1763 3.7 2338 1190 1148 1.9 94923 71982 22941 77.6 Kohima 99408 38017 16525 21492 38.2 911 507 404 0.9 1131 622 509 1.1 59349 43185 16164 59.7 Mokokchung 81046 42236 21940 20296 52.1 4863 3013 1850 6.0 1939 777 1162 2.4 32008 22625 9383 39.5 Mon 104981 84402 43463 40939 80.4 3947 2111 1836 3.8 609 370 239 0.6 16023 12751 3272 15.3 Phek 63645 44069 19982 24087 69.2 1311 692 619 2.1 609 303 306 1.0 17656 13405 4251 27.7 Wokha 63512 41862 20233 21629 65.9 2375 1298 1077 3.7 874 409 465 1.4 18401 13752 4649 29.0 Zunheboto 49382 30738 14787 15951 62.2 1763 858 905 3.6 613 308 305 1.2 16268 11923 4345 32.9 584332 301915 149070 152845 51.7 19676 11222 8454 3.4 8113 3979 4134 1.4 254628 189623 65005 43.6 Source: Census of India, 2011 Note: *Total Cultivator% = Total Cultivator/ Main Worker x 100, **Total Agricultural Labour% = Total Agricultural Labour/ Main Worker x 100, ***Household Industry Worker% = Total Household Industry Worker/ Main Worker x 100, **** Total Other Workers% = Total Other Workers/ Main Worker x 100 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 2.69 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY 3 FRAMEWORK 3.1 INTRODUCTION Power transmission and distribution project activities by their inherent nature and flexibility have negligible impacts on environmental and social attributes. Indian laws relating to environmental and social issues have strengthened in the last decade both due to local needs and international commitments. DPN, IA and contractors are undertaking its activities within the purview of Indian and State specific laws keeping in mind appropriate international obligations and directives and guidelines with respect to environmental and social considerations of World Bank’s Operational Policies. 3.2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Subsequent to the first United Nations Conference on Human Environment at Stockholm in June, 1972, which emphasized the need to preserve and protect the natural environment, the Constitution of India was amended through the historical 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 by inserting Article 48-A and 51-A (g) for protection and promotion of the environment under the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Duties respectively. The amendment, inter alia provides: "The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country". (New Article 48A) "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”. [New Article 51 A(g)] Article 21 of the constitution provides, “no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”. Article 21 is the heart of the fundamental rights and has received expanded meaning from time to time after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1978. The Article 21 guarantees fundamental right to life – a life of dignity to be lived in a proper environment, free of danger or disease or infection. Recently, Supreme Court has broadly and liberally interpreted the Article 21, transgressing into the area of protection of environment, and held that the citizen’s right to live in an eco-friendly atmosphere is to be interpreted as the basic right guaranteed under Article 21. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Thus, the Indian Constitution now has a two folds provision: (a) On the one hand, it gives directive to the State for the protection and improvement of environment. (b) On the other hand, the citizens owe a constitutional duty to protect and improve the natural environment. Article 371 A Provides special provision with respect to state of Nagaland which states “no act of parliament in respect of religious and social practices of the Naga, Naga customary laws and procedures, administration of civil and criminal justices involving decisions according to Naga customary law and ownership and transfer of land and its resources shall apply to the state of Nagaland, unless Legislative Assembly of the state, by a resolution, so decides”. Constitutional provisions in regard to social safeguards are well enshrined in the preamble such as JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles guarantee the right to life and liberty. Health, safety and livelihood have been interpreted as part of this larger right. Social safeguards provisions are dealt in detail in different Article such as Article-14, 15 17, 23, 24, 25, 46, 330, 332 etc. 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROVISIONS Environmental issues of T&D projects are manageable given the inherently small ‘foot print’ of towers and flexibility in siting facilities within a relatively large host area and are mostly localized to RoW. However, transmission line project may have some adverse effects on natural resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection and siting of substations. The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project and its status of compliance are presented in Table 3.1. 3.4 SOCIAL PROVISIONS The applicable acts, rules, and relevant policies in the context of the project and its status of compliance are presented in Table 3.2. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 3.1: Environmental Provisions S. Acts, Notifications Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. and Policies the project 1. Electricity Act, 2003 To consolidate the laws relating to Applicable - Transmission line projects are Complied with: MoP, generation, transmission, distribution, constructed under the ambit of Electricity GoI approved the trading and use of electricity. Act, 2003 following the provisions of NERPSIP Section 67 & 68 of act. comprehensive Under the provisions of Section 68(1):- scheme for six North Prior approval of the Govt. of Nagaland Eastern States (GoN) is a mandatory requirement to including Nagaland undertake any new transmission project under vide its Office 66kV upward and for distribution project of Memorandum dated 33kV system in the State. 1st December 2014. 2. Forest (Conservation) To protect and conserve Forest Areas and Not Applicable - No notified forest area is Not Required Act, 1980 Tree Cover. Any transmission/ distribution involved in any of the line routes or line traverses forest land, prior clearance is substations location. mandatorily required from Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), GoI under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Government of Nagaland vide its Notification No. FOR-58/82 dated 03-07- 1986 has extended the application of this Act to forest lands under the control of Forest Department. Natural forest under control of private individuals or community is not under the preview of the Act. 3. Environment To protect and improve the overall Applicable – Though some limited Complied with: (Protection) Act, 1986 environment. It is umbrella legislation for compliance measures notified under this Though applicable as the protection and improvement of EPA, 1986 are to be adhered to relevant it is umbrella environment. rules and regulations under the EPA, 1986 legislation, however, applicable to the as such statutory operations of DPN. permission/ license is not required. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Acts, Notifications Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. and Policies the project i) Ozone Depleting Regulate and control manufacturing, Applicable - As per the notification, certain Complied with: Only Substances import, export and use of Ozone Depleting control and regulation has been imposed CFC free equipments (Regulation and Substances under Montreal Protocol on manufacturing, import, export, and use are being procured/ Control) Rules, 2000 adopted on 16th September 1987 of these compounds. specified in tender document ii) Batteries Provides certain restriction on disposal of Applicable during operation phase only – Batteries are used (Management and used batteries and its handling and to file Used batteries to be disposed to dealers, during operation Handling) Rules, 2001 half yearly return in prescribed form to the manufacturer, registered recycler, phase. Hence, the concerned State Pollution Control Board. reconditioners or at the designated issue of proper collection centers only. A half-yearly handling and disposal return to be filed as per Form-8 to the of batteries as per Nagaland State Pollution Control Board rules not an issue during construction stage. iii) Hazardous Wastes To ensure that the hazardous wastes are Applicable – Requires proper handling, Generally Used oil is (Management, managed in a manner which shall protect storage and disposed only to authorized generated after 10-15 Handling and the health and the environment against the disposal facility (registered recyclers/ years of operation of Transboundary adverse effects that may result from such reprocessors). In case it is decided to transformers and Movement) Rules, waste. The used transformer oil has been outsource the process of recycle of used 2008 declared as a hazardous waste vide this oil to registered recycler as per the hence the issues of notification. provisions of notification then DPN shall handling and submit the desired return in prescribed disposals of form to concerned State Pollution Control hazardous Board at the time of disposal of used oil. transformer oil is not an issue at this stage. iv) E-waste (Management To ensure that e-waste is managed in a Applicable – To dispose e-waste generated E-waste disposal is and Handling) Rules, manner which shall protect health and the in environmentally sound manner by not an issue during 2011 environment against the adverse effects channelizing to authorized collection construction phase. that may result from hazardous substance centres/ registered dismantler/ recyclers/ contained in such wastes. It is the return to producers. DPN, being a bulk responsibility of the bulk consumer to consumer of electrical and electronics ensure that e-waste generated is equipment’s shall maintain record as per RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Acts, Notifications Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. and Policies the project channelized to authorized collection Form-2 for scrutiny by State Pollution centre(s) or registered dismantler(s) or Control Board. recycler(s) or is returned to the pick-up of take back services provided by the producer. 4. The Biological To provide for conservation of biological Not Applicable - The present project does Not Required Diversity Act, 2002 diversity, sustainable use of its components not involve any biosphere reserves. and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources, knowledge and for matters connected therewith. All restrictions applicable to protected areas like National Park & Sanctuaries are also applicable to these reserves. 5. The Nagaland Tree It deals with felling of trees from non-forest Applicable Felling Regulation, and registered plantation areas. Felling of 2002 trees for construction of transmission lines would be governed under this Act wherever it is applicable. 6. The Scheduled Tribes When transmission projects pass through Not Applicable - No forest clearance is Not Required & Other Traditional forest land, NOC from DC has to be involved. Forest Dwellers obtained before Stage-II approval in (Recognition of Forest compliance to FRA Act as per MoEF&CC Rights) Act, 2006 circular dated 5th February 2013 7. Ancient Monuments To prevent damage to archaeological sites Not Applicable - All such areas have been Not Required & Archaeological Sites and its maintenance. It also places completely avoided. and Remains Act, restriction on activities which can cause 1958 harm to the monument /property. The law is however applicable only in monuments identified by the Archaeological Survey of India. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 3.2: Social Provisions S. Acts, Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. Notifications and the project Policies 1. The Right to Fair Act ensures appropriate identification of the Not Applicable – Till the state Not Required Compensation affected families/ households, fair legislative Assembly adopts a and Transparency compensation and rehabilitation of resolution in this regard, as per the in Land titleholders and non-titleholders. provision of Article 371 A of the Acquisition, Rehabilitation Constitution of India. The Act authorizes State Govt. (i.e. GoN) or its and Resettlement authorized Government agency to complete Act, 2013 the whole process of acquisition of private land including Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Action Plan for R&R (i.e. Rehabilitation and Resettlement) & its implementation and the DPN responsibility is limited to identification and selection of suitable land based on technical requirement and ensuring budget allocation. 2. Rights of Way The Electricity Act, 2003 has a provision for Applicable - DPN may seek for GoN Complied with: (RoW) and notifying transmission company under section authorization to exercise all the Implementing Agency has Compensation 164 (B) to avail benefits of eminent domain powers that the Telegraph authority already been vested with provided under the Indian Telegraph Act, possesses and can spot, construct and powers of telegraph 1885. erect towers without acquiring the authority by GoI vide land. Moreover, all damages due to its Gazette Notification dated activity shall be compensated at Dec.24, 2003. However, market rate. In case of agricultural or compensation for all private land the provisions of section- damages are being paid to 67 and or section-68 (5 & 6) of the the individual land owner Electricity Act, 2003 and section-10 of as per the provision of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 are Section-10 (d) of Indian followed for assessment and payment Telegraph Act, 1885 of compensation towards such damages. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Acts, Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. Notifications and the project Policies 3. The Right to To provide for setting out the practical Applicable - Designated authorities to Complied with: Designated Information Act, regime of right to information for citizens to be in place. authorities are already in 2005 secure access to information under the place in DPN. control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. 4. Indian Treasure To provide for procedures to be followed in Not Applicable - No such instances Not Required Trove Act, 1878 case of finding of any treasure, archaeological reported. as amended in artifacts etc. during excavation. 1949 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 3.5 WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICY When World Bank provide governments with financing to invest in projects such as building a road, connecting people to electricity, or treating waste water, World Bank we aim to ensure that the people and the environment are protected from potential adverse impacts. World Bank do this through policies that identify, avoid, and minimize harm to people and the environment. These policies require the borrowing governments to address certain environmental and social risks in order to receive World Bank support for investment projects. The mandatory environment and social requirements with respect to World Bank Operational Policies are presented in Table 3.3. 3.6 STATUTORY PERMISSION/LICENSES/NOC OBTAINED The applicability of acts, notifications and policies have already been described in above paragraphs and table. As per the applicability, necessary permission/ licenses/ NOC so far obtained by IA or contractor are: • Under the provisions of Section 68(1) of Electricity Act, 2003, prior approval GoN is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new transmission project 66kV upward and for distribution project of 33kV system in the State. As a part of permission/ approval, GoI approved the NERPSIP comprehensive scheme for six North Eastern States including Nagaland under vide its Office Memorandum dated 1st December 2014. In addition, Implementation/ Participation agreement between DoP and PGCIL has been signed on 26th March, 2015. • All the contractors are operating with valid labor license as per provision under section – 12(1) of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 and also certified under Section- 7(3) of the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1996 from Ministry of Labour & Employment. • All the contractors have obtained requisite insurance policy as per provisions of Employee Compensation Act, 1923 for its employed workforce. • Since the tower locations are coming under various villages of 6 districts, No Objection Certificates (NoC) from concerned land owner/ Headman /Village Council are being obtained as per the progress of work. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.8 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 3.3: World Bank Operational Policy S. Acts, Notifications Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. and Policies the project 1. OP- 4.01: To ensure the environmental and social and Applicable - E & S aspects of the Complied with: E & S Environmental sustainability of investment projects. Support project have already been integrated aspects of the project Assessment integration of environmental and social aspects into management procedures based have already been of projects in the decision-making process. on comprehensive environment integrated into assessment undertaken by IA. management procedures based on comprehensive environment assessment undertaken by IA during 2015. 2. OP- 4.04: Natural To promote and supports natural habitat Not Applicable - The present project Not Required Habitats conservation and improved land use to does not involve any natural habitats integrate into national and regional such as biodiversity area, protected development the conservation of natural area, sacred groves etc. However, NoC habitats and the maintenance of ecological from village councils (Head man, Gram functions. Furthermore, to promote the Burrah) and land owners are being rehabilitation of degraded natural habitats. obtained in this regard. 3. OP-4.11: Physical To preserve PCR and in avoiding their Not Applicable - The Present project Not Required Cultural Resources destruction or damage. PCR includes resources does not encroach upon any such (PCR) of archaeological, paleontological, historical, resources. architectural, and religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. 4. OP-4.36: Applicable – Though all line routes and To harness the potential of forests to reduce Complied with: To Forests substation poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate locations successfully minimise adverse impact avoided encroachment into any forests effectively into sustainable economic on forests, management Protected and Reserve forests. development, and protect the vital local and measure already However, line routes pass through global environmental services and values of provided in DPN’s ESPPF forests community and private forests. To of June, 2015 minimise adverse impact on forests, management measure already provided in DPN’s ESPPF 5. WB EHS Guidelines The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Applicable - EHS guidelines are being Complied with: EHS for Electric Power Guidelines are technical reference documents followed during project guidelines are being Transmission and with general and industry specific examples of implementation. followed during project Distribution Good International Industry Practice. The EHS implementation. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.9 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Acts, Notifications Relevance Applicability to Status of Compliance No. and Policies the project Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. 6. OP 4.12 – Covers direct economic and social impacts both Not Applicable - As no involuntary Not Required. Involuntary resulting from Bank-assisted investment acquisition invoked for securing land Resettlement projects and are caused by the involuntary for proposed substations. However, taking of land. To avoid or minimize involuntary fresh land required for construction of resettlement and, where this is not feasible, 132/33 kV substation at Longnak, assist displaced persons in improving or at least 132/33 kV substation at Pfutsero, restoring their livelihoods and standards of 132/33 kV substation at Zunheboto living in real terms relative to pre-displacement and 33/11 kV substations at levels or to levels prevailing prior to the Padampukhri were secured through beginning of project implementation, direct Purchase on Willing Buyer whichever is higher. Willing Seller basis on negotiated rate 7. OP 4.10 – This policy contributes to the Bank’s mission of Explicit consent from ADC and the Complied with: NoC of Indigenous poverty reduction and sustainable Village Councils is required in the case from village councils Peoples development by ensuring that the development of acquisition of lands which is not (Head man, Gram process fully respects the dignity, human rights, applicable in instant project. However, Burrah) and land owners economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples. NoC of from village councils (Head being obtained for The objective is to design and implement man, Gram Burrah) and land owners community forest projects in a way that fosters full respect for obtained for community forest land/ADC area indigenous peoples so that they receive land/ADC area wherever applicable. wherever applicable. culturally compatible social and economic benefits, and do not suffer adverse effects during the development process. The project shall ascertain broad community support for the project based on social assessment and free prior and informed consultation with the affected Tribal community, if any. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 3.10 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE 4 & ENVIRONMENT IMPACT 4.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental impact of transmission and distribution (T&D) line projects are not far reaching and are mostly localized to RoW. However, T&D project has some effects on natural and socio-culture resources. These impacts can be minimized by careful route selection. To minimize these possible impacts, DPN & IA at the system planning stage itself try to avoid ecological sensitive areas like forest. Wherever such infringements are substantial, different alternative options are considered to select most viable route alignment. For further optimization of route modern survey techniques/tools like GIS, GPS aerial photography is also applied. Introduction of GIS and GPS in route selection result in access to updated/latest information, through satellite images and further optimization of route having minimal environmental impact. Moreover, availability of various details, constraints like topographical and geotechnical details, forest and environmental details etc. help in planning the effective mitigate measures including engineering variations depending upon the site situation/location. The route/site selection criteria followed is detailed below in the ensuing paragraphs. 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION For selection of optimum route, the following points are taken into consideration: i. The route of the proposed lines does not involve any human rehabilitation. ii. Any monument of cultural or historical importance is not affected by the route of the line. iii. The proposed route does not create any threat to the survival of any community with special reference to Tribal Community. iv. The proposed route does not affect any public utility services like playgrounds, schools, other establishments etc. v. The line route does not pass through any sanctuaries, National Park etc. vi. The line route does not infringe with area of natural resources. In order to achieve this, DPN undertook route selection for individual transmission & distribution lines in close consultation with representatives of concerned Forest Department and the Department of Revenue. Although under National law, DPN has the right of eminent domain, yet alternative alignments are considered keeping in mind the above-mentioned factors RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland during site selection, with minor alterations often added to avoid environmentally sensitive areas and settlements at execution stage. • As a rule, alignments are generally cited away from major towns, whenever possible, to account for future urban expansion (refer Figure 4.1 to Figure 4.13 and Map 1 to Map 6 for final route of all T&D network). • Similarly, forests are avoided to the extent possible, and when it is not possible, a route is selected in consultation with the local Divisional Forest Officer, that causes minimum damage to existing forest resources. • Alignments are selected to avoid wetlands and unstable areas for both financial and environmental reasons. In addition, care is also taken to avoid National parks, Sanctuaries, Eco- sensitive zones, Tiger reserves, Biosphere reserves, Elephant corridors and IBA sites etc. Keeping above in mind the routes of proposed lines under the project have been so aligned that it takes care of above factors. As such, different alternatives for transmission lines were studied with the help of Govt. published data like Forest atlas, Survey of India etc. and Google Maps to arrive at the most optimum route, which can be taken up for detailed survey and assessment of environmental & social impacts for their proper management. Similarly, the TOR for detailed survey using modern tool like GIS/GPS also contained parameters to avoid/reduce environmental impact while deciding the final route alignment. The major objectives for detailed survey that are part of contract are summarized below: (i) The alignment of transmission line shall be most economical from the point of view of construction and maintenance. (ii) Routing of transmission line through protected and reserved forest area should be avoided. In case it is not possible to avoid the forest or areas having large trees completely then keeping in view of the overall economy, the route should be aligned in such a way that cutting of trees is minimum. (iii) The route should have minimum crossing of major rivers, railway lines, and national/state highways, overhead EHP power lines and communication lines. (iv) The number of angle point shall be kept to a minimum. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland (v) The distance between the terminal points specified shall be kept shortest possible, consistent with the terrain that is encountered. (vi) Marshy and low line areas, river beds and earth slip zones shall be avoided to minimum risk to the foundations. (vii) It would be preferable to utilize level ground for the alignment. (viii) Crossing of power line shall be minimal. Alignment will be kept at a minimum distance of 300 meters from power lines to avoid induction problems on the lower voltage lines. (ix) Crossings of communication lines shall be minimized and it shall be preferably at right angle, proximity and paralyses with telecom lines shall be eliminated to avoid danger of induction to them. (x) Area subjected to flooding searches streams shall be avoided. (xi) Restricted areas such as civil and military airfield shall be avoided. Care shall also be taken to avoid the aircraft landing approaches. (xii) All alignment should be easily accessible both in dry and rainy seasons to enable maintenance throughout the year. (xiii) Certain areas such as query sites, tea, tobacco and saffron fields and rich plantation, gardens and nurseries that will present the owner problems in of right of way and leave clearance during construction and maintenance should be avoided. (xiv) Angle point should be selected such that shifting of the point within 100 m radius is possible at the time of construction of the line. (xv) The line routing should avoid large habitation densely populated areas to the extent possible. (xvi) The area requires special foundations and those prone to flooding should be avoided. (xvii) For examination of the alternatives and identification of the most appropriate route, besides making use of information/data/details available/extracted through survey of India topographical maps and computer aided processing of NRSA satellite imagery, the contractor shall also carry out reconnaissance/preliminary survey as may be required for the verification and collection of additional information/data/details. (xviii) The contractor shall submit his preliminary observation and suggestion along with various information/data/details collected and also processed satellite imagery data, topographical map data marked with alternative routes etc. The final evaluation of the alternative routes RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland shall be conducted by the contractor in consultation with owners’ representatives and optimal route alignment shall be proposed by the contractor. Digital terrain modeling using contour data from topographical maps as well as processed satellite data shall be done by the contractor for the selected route. A flythrough perspective using suitable software(s) shall be developed or further refinement of the selected route. If required site visit and field verification shall be conducted by the contractor jointly with the owners’ representatives for the proposed route alignment. (xix) Final digitized route alignment drawing with the latest topographical and other details/features including all river railway lines, canals, roads etc. up to 8 Kms on both side of selected route alignment shall be submitted by the contractors for owner’s approval along with report containing other information / details as mentioned above. In the instant project also, criteria for route selection as mentioned above, has been duly adhered to and the proposed 220 kV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha Transmission Line and 132 kV S/C (On D/C Tower) Wokha-Zunheboto-Mokokchung (State) Transmission Line routes have been selected from analysis of three (03) alternatives routes as described in the IEAR. Subsequently, the proposed routes were considered for detail survey by Contractor Agency (after awarding of contract). During detailed survey minor alterations as well as geometrical corrections of the route have been carried out which seems inevitable due to actual ground conditions with prime objective of avoiding dense forest/private plantation areas, settlements, Common Property Resource (CPR), and also considering the technical feasibility of the route from operation and maintenance point of view in consultation with the local village councils prevalent in the project area. Therefore, following minor change in scope of work has been observed with respect to IEAR scope which resulted due to the best effort of IA/DPN in effectively integrating safeguard and engineering measures in successful minimization of impact on forest and environment. The proposed distribution lines connect 2 substations in close vicinity and are having line length of less than 10 km (except one distribution line), thus, having negligible environment and social impacts including no involvement of any forest area. Hence, no alternative has been studied for the distribution lines proposed under instant scheme. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland For changes in scope of work with respect to IEAR scope i.e. changes in the route alignment based upon alternatives studies and detailed survey for transmission and distribution line is given is Table 4.1. For sub-station, site selection analysis of 2-3 alternatives sites is usually carried out based on environment and social aspects and technical requirement. Such analysis considers various site-specific parameters that include availability of infrastructure facilities such as access roads, water, distance from railheads, type of land (Government/ revenue/private land); social impacts such as number of families getting affected; CPR including feasibility of acquisition. The finalization of substation land is done based on above analysis and site visit/verification. The social aspects are provided due weightage after technical requirement in decision making for selection/finalization of land for substation. It may be noted that in the instant case land for all the proposed substations are either in possession of DPN or identified for purchase on willing seller – willing buyer basis and therefore, the said exercise is not so relevant for proposed project as the consent of owner is major criteria in addition to technical feasibility. However, as per the provisions of ESPPF, all land donations and direct purchases will be subject to a review/ approval by a broad-based committee comprising representatives of different sections including those from the IA and GoN. The finalized location of transmission and distribution substations is given below in Table 4.2. Table 4.1: Change in Scope of Work w.r.t. IEAR S. Scope as per IEAR Current Status with Remarks No. Line Substation justification Transmission Component 1 LILO of 132 kV Final route is 0.804 km Meticulous realignment Establishment of Mariani - and line length is during ground truthing 132/33 kV Sub- Mokokchung reduced by 1.2 km due to survey has reduced line station at Line at Longnak – change in tapping point length further. Longnak (New) 2.0 km from existing TL. 2 Final line route is 13.97 • Complete avoidance 132 kV D/C New km and there is an of habitation areas. Establishment of Kohima increase of around 7.4 • Avoidance of 132/33 kV Sub- (Zadhima) to km. so that environment Reserved Forest areas. station at New Secretariat & social sensitive areas • CPR are not impacted. Secretariat Complex (NU are avoided/ minimized. • It does not pass Complex Kohima Campus) – 6.55 The location of sub- through any protected (New) km station was also changed area and monuments from Thizama village to of archaeological RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Scope as per IEAR Current Status with Remarks No. Line Substation justification Tseisema village due to importance. space constraints. • Tree cutting can also be minimized in valley portions along the route. 3 LILO of both Final route is 2.411 km Meticulous realignment Circuit of Kohima Establishment of and line length is during ground truthing – Meluri 132/33 kV Sub- reduced by around 0.6 survey has reduced line (Kiphire) Line at station at km due to further length further. Pfutsero – 3.0 Pfutsero (New) optimization during km ground truthing survey. 4 Bay extension of Final route is 50.293 km Meticulous realignment 132/33 kV Sub- and line length is during ground truthing station at reduced by around 30 survey has reduced line Wokha km due to further length further. 132 kV S/C (on Establishment of optimization during D/C Tower) 132/33 kV Sub- ground truthing survey Wokha - station at considering construction Zunheboto - Zunheboto difficulties and RoW Mokokchung (New) issues. Line – 80.0 km Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub- station at Mokokchung (State Owned) 5 Final line route is 86.637 • Complete avoidance km and there is a of habitation areas. negligible increase of • Avoidance of around 1.637 km. so that Reserved Forest areas. environment & social • CPR are not impacted. sensitive areas are • It does not pass avoided/ minimized. through any protected Preferred due to area and monuments 220 kV S/C (on Bay extension of feasibility and lesser of archaeological D/C Tower) New 220/132 kV ROW problems. importance. Kohima - existing Sub- • All alignments will be Mokokchung via station at easily approachable in Wokha Line – Mokokchung dry and rainy seasons 85.0 km (PGCIL owned) to enable maintenance throughout the year. • No major river crossing, crossing over 3 minor rivers. • Involves minimum tree felling 6 LILO of 132 kV Bay extension of 9.218 km S/C Kohima - 220/132 kV Wokha Line at existing sub- 220 kV New station at New Kohima Sub- Kohima RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Scope as per IEAR Current Status with Remarks No. Line Substation justification station – 0.5 km Distribution Component 1 33 kV line from Final route is 1.2 km and Meticulous realignment tapping point of line length is increased during ground truthing Establishment of existing 33/11 kV by 0.7 km due to further survey has reduced line 33/11 kV Sub- Mokokchung - optimization during length further. station at Mariani Line at ground truthing survey. Longtho (New) Longtho Sub- station – 0.5 km 2 33 kV line from Final route is 5.53 km Meticulous realignment Establishment of 132/33 kV and line length is during ground truthing 33/11 kV Sub- Zunheboto (new) reduced by around 1 km survey has reduced line station at to 33/11 kV due to further length further. Zunheboto Zunheboto South optimization during South Point Point (new) Sub- ground truthing survey. (New) station – 6.6 km 3 33 kV line from Final route is 9 km and Meticulous realignment 66 kV line length is increased during ground truthing Establishment of Mokokchung by around 0.3 km due to survey has reduced line 33/11 kV Sub- (existing) to further optimization length further. station at 33/11 kV during ground truthing Mokokchung Mokokchung survey. Power House Town Power (New) House (new) Sub- station – 8.7 km 4 33 kV line from Final route is 3 km and Meticulous realignment 66 kV line length is reduced by during ground truthing Establishment of Mokokchung around 4.4 km due to survey has reduced line 33/11 kV Sub- (existing) to further optimization length further. station at 33/11 kV during ground truthing Mokokchung Mokokchung survey. Town Hospital Town Hospital Area (New) Area (new) Sub- station – 7.42 km 5 33 kV line from Final route is 0.54 km 132/33 kV Kohima (new) Sub-station to 33/11 kV Zhadima (new) Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- Sub-station station at (Within the Zhadima 220/132/33 kV (Chiephobozou) New Kohima (New) Campus which is under construction by State Govt.) 6 Establishment of After detailed survey • It does not affect any 33 kV line from 33/11 kV Sub- final route approved is of public utility services. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland S. Scope as per IEAR Current Status with Remarks No. Line Substation justification 132/33 kV station at length 3.6 km with total • As far as possible Pfutsero (new) Pfutsero (New) 25 poles. The final route agriculture fields have to 33/11 kV avoids market area, been avoided. Pfutsero (new) habitation and a patch of • It does not pass Sub-station dense forest. through any protected (Within the area and monuments proposed of archaeological 132/33 kV importance Campus of Pfutsero new substation.) 7 33 kV line from Bay extension of Final line route is 6.15 • Human habitation and existing 132/66/33 kV km km and there is an private property have 132/66/33 kV Sub-station at increase of around 2 km been completely Nagarjan Sub- Nagarjan so as to avoid human avoided. station to new Establishment of habitation and private • It does not pass 33/11 kV 33/11 kV Sub- property. through any protected Padampukhri station at area and monuments (new) Sub- Padampukhri of archaeological station - 4.34 km (New) importance 8 Bay extension of Final line route is 23.29 • Complete avoidance 33/11 kV km and there is an of habitation areas. (Existing) Sub- increase of around 14 km • Avoidance of 33 kV line from station at so that environment & Reserved Forest areas. 33/11 Akuloto Akuloto social sensitive areas are • CPR are not impacted. (existing) Sub- avoided/ minimized. • It does not pass station to 33/11 Bay extension of Preferred due to through any protected kV Suruhuto 33/11 kV feasibility and lesser area and monuments (existing) Sub- (Existing) Sub- ROW problems. of archaeological station – 9.5 km station at importance. Suruhoto • Involves minimum tree felling 9 33 kV line from Final route is 2.27 km Meticulous realignment existing 33/11 kV Bay extension of and line length is during ground truthing Pughoboto Sub- 33/11 kV reduced by around 7 km survey has reduced line station to (Existing) Sub- due to further length further. existing 33/11 kV station at optimization during Torogonyu Sub- Pughoboto ground truthing survey station – 9 km Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor Table 4.2: Finalized Location of Transmission & Distribution Substation Earlier Identified Land as Reason for S.No. Name of Substation Finalized Land (Actual) per IEAR Change A Transmission Substation Changki Village located on Changki village located on 132/33 KV at Remain 1 Longnak- Mangkolemba Longnak - Mangkolemba Longnak (New) Unchanged road road 132/33 KV at Lizu Village around 4 km Lizu Village around 4 Km Remain 2 Zunheboto (New) from Zunheboto town from Zunheboto town Unchanged RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.8 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Earlier Identified Land as Reason for S.No. Name of Substation Finalized Land (Actual) per IEAR Change Thizama village within the Changed 132/33 KV at Tseisema village located State police dept. Near due to 3 Secretariat Complex near NH 2 (61) Road near the campus of Nagaland space Kohima (New) Nagaland University state Secretariat. constraints Rukizu Colony Pfutsero 132/33 KV at Pfutsero - Phek Bypass Remain 4 owned by Phusachodumi Pfutsero (New) Road Unchanged Baptist Church trust 132/33 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 5 Mokokchung (State) 132/33 KV Mokokchung 132/33 KV Mokokchung Unchanged (Extension) S/S of DoP, Nagaland S/S of DoP, Nagaland 220/132 KV at Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 6 Mokokchung 220 kV Mokokchung S/S 220 KV Mokokchung S/S Unchanged (PGCIL) (Extension) of POWERGRID of POWERGRID. 220/132/33 KV at Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 7 New Kohima 220/132kV New Kohima 220/132/ KV New Kohima Unchanged (Extension) S/S of DoP, Nagaland S/S of DoP, Nagaland Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 132/33 KV at Wokha Remain 8 132/33 KV Wokha S/S of 132/33 KV Wokha S/S of (Extension) Unchanged DoP, Nagaland DoP, Nagaland A Distribution Substation Longtho village near Longtho village near 33/11 KV at Longtho Timber / Plywood factory Timber / Plywood factory Remain 9 (New) adjacent to Mokokchung - adjacent to Mokokchung - Unchanged Mariani PWD road Mariani PWD road 33/11 KV at Within existing 33/11 KV Within existing 33/11 KV Remain 10 Mokokchung Power Substation, Mokokchung Substation, Mokokchung Unchanged House (New) 33/11 KV at Imkongliba Memorial Imkongliba Memorial Remain 11 Mokokchung District Hospital District Hospital Unchanged Hospital Area (New) Mokokchung Mokokchung Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV at 66/33 KV Zunheboto 66/33 KV Zunheboto Remain 12 Zunheboto South Substation, Alahuto Substation, Alahuto Unchanged Point (New) Colony Colony Within campus of Power Within campus of Power Slightly 33/11 KV at Lalmati 13 Deptt, near SDO (Civil), Deptt, near SDO (Civil), Changed 30 (Zubza) (New) Zubza Office Zubza Office to 40 m Slightly 33/11 KV at Within existing 220/132 Within existing 220/132 Changed as Zhadima KV New Kohima KV New Kohima 14 per (Chiephobozou) (Zhadima) Campus at (Zhadima) Campus at instruction (New) Chiephobozou Chiephobozou of DoP Slightly Within the same plot Adjacent plot of existing Changed as 33/11 KV at 15 identified for 132/33kV 33/11 Kv Pfutsero S/s of per Pfutsero (New) Pfutsero Substation DoP, Nagaland instruction of DoP Within existing 66/33 KV Within existing 66/33 KV 33/11 KV at Tizit Remain 16 substation at ADC Colony substation at ADC Colony (New) Unchanged Tizit HQ Tizit HQ 17 33/11 KV at Near the Ao Church, Near the Ao Church, Remain RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.9 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Earlier Identified Land as Reason for S.No. Name of Substation Finalized Land (Actual) per IEAR Change Padampukhri (New) Padampukhri. Approx. 1.6Padampukhri. Approx. 1.6 Unchanged Km from the Dimapur - Km from the Dimapur - Kohima PWD Road Kohima PWD Road 33/11 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 18 Changtongya 33/11 KV Changtongya 33/11 KV Changtongya Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation 33/11 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 19 Mangkolemba 33/11 KV Mangkolemba 33/11 KV Mangkolemba Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV Suruhuto Remain 20 33/11 KV Suruhuto 33/11 KV Suruhuto (Augmentation) Unchanged Substation Substation 33/11 KV Wokha Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 21 Power House 33/11 KV Wokha Power 33/11 KV Wokha Power Unchanged (Augmentation) House House Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV Chukitong Remain 22 33/11 KV Chukitong 33/11 KV Chukitong (Augmentation) Unchanged Substation Substation Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV Tseminyu Remain 23 33/11 KV Tseminyu 33/11 KV Tseminyu (Augmentation) Unchanged Substation Substation 33/11 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 24 Pughoboto 33/11 KV Pughoboto 33/11 KV Pughoboto Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation Within existing campus of 33/11 KV Botsa Within existing campus of Remain 25 33/11 KV Botsa (Augmentation) 33/11 KV Botsa Substation Unchanged Substation Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV ITI Kohima Remain 26 33/11 KV ITI Kohima 33/11 KV ITI Kohima (Augmentation) Unchanged Substation Substation 33/11 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 27 Chakabama 33/11 KV Chakabama 33/11 KV Chakabama Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation 33/11 KV Industrial Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 28 Estate 33/11 KV Industrial Estate 33/11 KV Industrial Estate Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation 33/11 KV Referral Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 29 Hospital 33/11 KV Referral Hospital 33/11 KV Referral Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Hospital Substation 132/66/33 KV Within existing campus of Within existing campus of Remain 30 Nagarjan 132/66/33 KV Nagarjan 132/66/33 KV Nagarjan Unchanged (Augmentation) Substation Substation Within existing campus of Within existing campus of 33/11 KV Akuloto Remain 31 33/11 KV Akuloto 33/11 KV Akuloto (Augmentation) Unchanged Substation Substation Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.10 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.1: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.11 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.2: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) Transmission Lines RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.12 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.3: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima-Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero Transmission Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.13 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.4: Satellite Imagery Showing Final and Alternative Routes of 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto-Mokokchung Transmission Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.14 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.5: Satellite Imagery Showing Final and Alternative Route of 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha Transmission Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.15 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.6: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at New Kohima Transmission Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.16 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.7: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33 kV Mokokchung - Mariani Line to Proposed 33/11 kV Longtho S/s Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.17 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.8: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Zunheboto South Point Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.18 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.9: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Mokokchung Town Power House and Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Mokokchung Town Hospital Area Distribution Lines RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.19 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.10: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of New 132/33kV Pfutsero S/S to New 33/11kV Pfutsero Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.20 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.11: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan S/S to New 33/11kV S/S Padam Pukhri Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.21 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.12: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/S to Existing 33/11kV S/S Akuloto Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.22 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.13: Satellite Imagery Showing Route of Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/S to Existing 33/11kV S/S Torogonyu Distribution Line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.23 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 132/33 kV Substation at Longnak (New) 132/33 kV Substation at Zunheboto (New) 132/33 kV Substation at Secretariat Complex (New) 132/33 kV Substation at Pfutsero (New) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.24 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 132/33 kV Substation at Mokokchung (State) (Extension) 132/33 kV Substation at Wokha (Extension) 33/11 kV Substation at Longtho (New) 33/11 kV Substation at Mokokchung Power House (New) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.25 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 33/11 kV Substation at Mokokchung Hospital Area (New) 33/11 kV Substation at Zunheboto South Point (New) 33/11 kV Substation at Lalmati (Zubza) (New) 33/11 kV Substation at Pfutsero (New) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.26 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 33/11 kV Substation at Padampukhri (New) 33/11 kV Substation at Changtongya (Augmentation) 33/11 kV Substation at Chukitong (Augmentation) 33/11 kV Substation at Tseminyu (Augmentation) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.27 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 33/11 kV Substation at Botsa (Augmentation) 33/11 kV Substation at ITI Kohima (Augmentation) 33/11 kV Substation at Chakabama (Augmentation) 33/11 kV Substation at Industrial Estate (Augmentation) RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.28 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 33/11 kV Substation at Nagarjan (Bay Extension) 4.3 MAJOR FEATURES OF FINAL ROUTE 4.3.1 Transmission Lines Of the total 6 transmission lines, 5 lines are passing through hilly terrain and rest 1 line is passing through plains. These lines mostly pass through private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. lands (refer Figure 4.1- 4.6). The lines do not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. The lines route doesn’t involve any notified forest land which would necessitate forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Besides all protected areas like National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserve etc.; Natural habitats, IBAs, Sacred groves, Wetlands etc. have been completely avoided. It has been observed that there are some variations in final route length of lines from earlier routes so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized. However, decrease in total line length by 13.717 km for all lines (from earlier 177.05 km to 163.333 km) without any change in land use and other base line data, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. A total of around 547 towers are being/to be erected for all 6 proposed transmission lines having a total line length of 163.333 km. 4.3.1.1 LILO of 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung Line at Longnak The transmission line passes through plain paddy fields and private plantation/ lands owned by village council. The selected line does not pass through any National Highway, Power line, Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing a ditch, village road, footpath and one stream, which do not require any special towers. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 1.2 km i.e. from 2.0 km to 0.804 km due to change in tapping point from existing 132 kV Mariani - Mokokchung TL. Since there is a significant reduction in line RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.29 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. Moreover, in order to avoid tower in private plantation area and therefore minimizing tree cutting, tower AP-3 is scheduled at a distance of 226 m from tower AP-2 and tower AP-4 is scheduled at a distance of 114 m from tower AP-3 (Figure 4.14). The line has a total 5 towers without any National Highway (NH), railways and major river crossings. The types of towers used are double circuit (DC and DD) towers. All the tower locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. Figure 4.14: Major Features en route of LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak 4.3.1.2 132 kV D/C New Kohima (Zadhima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU Campus) The transmission line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of agricultural field, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. Major crossing en route of the line are National Highway between tower 29 and tower 30, Proposed 400 kV D/C Imphal to Kohima TL between tower 31 and tower 31AO, Proposed 132 kV S/C Kohima – Wokha TL between tower 35 and tower 36, 33kV lines, nalas, unmetalled roads, metaled roads, village roads and footpaths. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by approx. 7 km i.e. from 6.55 km to 13.97 km due to change in sub-station from Thizama RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.30 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland village to Tseisema village as there was space constraints at Thizama village, also, so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized (refer Figure 4.15 to Figure 4.18). Though there is an increase in line length, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. Moreover, environment & social safeguard issues which have been taken care off are: - • Habitation areas along the route (villages namely Ziezou, Zhadima, Phehza, Chieswama) have been completely avoided • Reserved Forest areas have been completely avoided • It is ensured that common property resources (CPR) are not impacted. • Any areas/monuments of archaeological importance are also not encountered along the route. • The tree cutting has also been minimized in valley portions along the route. The line has a total 48 angle towers. Since the terrain is hilly, leg extension is being utilized in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Out of the total 48 angle towers, 14 towers are provided with leg extension. In addition to that retaining wall has been proposed AP-08 and AP-18 so as to eliminate the chances of soil erosion. The types of towers used are double circuit (DB, DC and DD) towers. All the tower locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. Figure 4.15: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Zadhima Village RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.31 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.16: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Phenza Village Figure 4.17: Avoidance of Habitation Area in Chieswama Village RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.32 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.18: Avoidance of Agricultural Land and Institutional Area 4.3.1.3 LILO of both Circuit of Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) Line at Pfutsero The transmission line passes through hilly private plantation/ lands owned by village council. Major crossing en route of the line are National Highway between tower 90 of already existing 132 kV Kohima – Meluri (Kiphire) line and tower 01, 11 kV line between tower 3 and tower 4, nala between tower 7 and tower 8, and village road at 3 location. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 0.6 km i.e. from 3.0 km to 2.411 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. Since there is a slight reduction in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. Moreover, in order to minimize tree cutting, span length has been increased in valley between tower 7 and tower 8 (refer Figure 4.19). The line has a total 10 towers. The types of towers used are double circuit (DB, DC and DD) towers. Since the terrain is hilly, leg extension is being utilized in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Out of the total 10 towers, 7 towers are provided with leg extension. In addition to that retaining wall has been proposed for 6 towers so as to eliminate the chances of soil erosion. All the tower locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.33 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.19: Increase in Length of Span Between Tower 07 and Tower 08 4.3.1.4 132 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) Wokha - Zunheboto - Mokokchung Line The transmission line passes through hilly agricultural land, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. Major crossing en route of the line are National Highway 702A, twice between tower 46 and tower 47, twice between tower 51 and tower 52, twice between tower 56 and tower 57, between tower 58 and tower 59, between tower 62 and tower 63, twice between tower 63 and tower 64, between tower 68 and tower 69; Proposed 220 kV D/C New Kohima to Mokokchung TL between tower 11 and tower 12; 66/33/11 kV lines; LT lines; nalas; unmetalled roads; metaled road; village roads; rain cuts; ponds; sheds and footpaths/ foot tracks. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 30 km i.e. from 80.0 km to 50.293 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey considering construction difficulties and RoW issues. Since there is a significant reduction in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. Moreover, environment & social safeguard issues which have been taken care off are: - • Habitation areas along the route (villages namely Philimi, Rotomi, Akuhaito, Emlomi, Litsami, Lizu New, Yesholtomi, Asukhuto, Atoizu, Kitsakita, Aotsakilimi, Lokobomi, Akuluto, Lumthsami, Alaphumi, Lumami, Zaphumi New & Old, Shitsumi, Sumi-Settsu, Settsu, Aolijen) have been completely avoided RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.34 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • Reserved Forest areas have been completely avoided • It is ensured that common property resources (CPR) are not impacted. • Any areas/monuments of archaeological importance are also not encountered along the route. • The tree cutting has also been minimized in valley portions along the route. The line has a total 166 towers. Since the terrain is hilly, leg extension is being utilized in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. The types of towers used are double circuit (DB, DC and DD) towers. Out of the total 166 towers, 101 towers are provided with leg extension. To carryout construction and maintenance activity, construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. 4.3.1.5 220 kV S/C (on D/C Tower) New Kohima - Mokokchung via Wokha Line The transmission line passes through hilly agricultural land, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. Major crossing en route of the line are National Highway 2 at several locations; Proposed 132 kV D/C Wokha to Zunheboto TL between tower 190 and tower 191; 66/33/11 kV lines; LT lines; Doyang river between tower 152 and tower 154, between tower 201 and tower 202; Tulo river between tower 176 and tower 177; nalas; drains; unmetalled roads; metaled road; village roads; rain cuts; ponds; rubber, tea & coffee garden; sheds and footpaths/ foot tracks. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by approx. 1.5 km, which is very negligible considering the change in total length of line i.e. from 85.0 km to 86.637 km. The line length has been increased so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized and the route was preferred due to feasibility and lesser ROW problems (refer Figure 4.20 and Figure 4.21). Though there is an increase in line length, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. Moreover, environment & social safeguard issues which have been taken care off are: - • Habitation areas of 23 villages (namely Zhadima, Tetzama, Tsiemekhuma, Botsa, Terogunye, Phenwehyu, Zunpha, Tseminyu, Tesophenyunew, Sishunu, Gokhunyu, Asukiqa, Kitami, Council Hall, Sana old, Phlimi, Doyang, V.K.Town, Sasanu, Lohgkhum, Alchcn, Sehsu) along the route have been completely avoided. • Reserved Forest areas have been completely avoided RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.35 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • It is ensured that common property resources (CPR) are not impacted. • Any areas/monuments of archaeological importance are also not encountered along the route. • The tree cutting has also been minimized in valley portions along the route. The line has a total 285 towers. Since the terrain is hilly, leg extension is being utilized in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. The stretches where TL is crossing river, DC towers are being used instead DB towers as single span limit is crossed, in addition, cross-arm strengthening has been suggested. The types of towers used are double circuit (DC and DD) towers. Out of the total 285 towers, 223 towers are provided with leg extension. In addition to that, exact no. of retaining walls to be proposed so as to eliminate the chances of soil erosion is being assessed. All alignments are easily approachable in dry and rainy seasons to enable maintenance throughout the year. To carryout construction and maintenance activity, construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. Figure 4.20: Avoidance of Habitation in Tseminyu Village RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.36 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.21: Avoidance of Agricultural Field 4.3.1.6 LILO of 132 kV S/C Kohima - Wokha Line at 220 kV New Kohima Sub-station The transmission line passes through hilly agricultural land, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any National Highway, Power line, Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing unmetaled roads, nalas and foot track/ footpath, which do not require any special towers. The line route doesn’t involve any notified forest land which would necessitate forest clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. Besides all protected areas like National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserve etc.; Natural habitats, IBAs, Sacred groves, Wetlands etc. have been completely avoided. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by approx. 8.7 km i.e. from 0.5 km to 9.218 km. The line length has been increased so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized and the route was preferred due to feasibility and lesser ROW problems. Though there is an increase in line length, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. Moreover, environment & social safeguard issues which have been taken care off are: - • Habitation areas along the route have been completely avoided. • Reserved Forest areas have been completely avoided • It is ensured that common property resources (CPR) are not impacted. • Any areas/monuments of archaeological importance are also not encountered along the route. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.37 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • The tree cutting has also been minimized in valley portions along the route. The line has a total 33 towers. Since the terrain is hilly, leg extension is being utilized in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. The types of towers used are double circuit (DB, DC and DD) towers. Out of the total 33 towers, 14 towers are provided with leg extension. All alignments are easily approachable in dry and rainy seasons to enable maintenance throughout the year. All the tower locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Details of tower schedule of final route alignment describing important features of line route are placed as Annexure II. 4.3.2 Distribution Lines About 80% of the lines are passing through hilly terrain and 20% through plains i.e. out of the total 9 distribution lines, 7 are in hilly terrain and rest 2 are in plains. These lines mostly pass through private plantation and Govt. lands along existing roads and do not involve any reserve/protected forest land (refer Figure 4.7- 4.13). It has been observed that there are some variations in final route length of lines from earlier routes so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized. However, considering that distribution line has minimum environmental footprints and increase in total line length by 8.52 km for all lines (from earlier 46.06 km to 54.58 km) without any change in land use and other base line data, no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/EMP are anticipated. A total of around 848 poles are being/to be erected for all 9 proposed distribution lines having a total line length of 54.58 km. 4.3.2.1 33 kV line from tapping point of existing 33/11 kV Mokokchung - Mariani Line at Longtho Sub-station The line passes through plain terrain comprising of Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any National Highway, Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing a 11 kV line between pole 1 and pole 2, between pole 4/1 and pole 5 and between pole 12 and pole 13; Chering river between pole 4 and pole 4/1; nala; village road; foot track and shed. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by 0.7 km i.e. from 0.5 km to 1.2 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. The line length is increased so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized. Moreover, in order to cross Chering river, pole 5/0 is scheduled at a distance of 135 m from pole 4 (refer Figure 4.22). It may RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.38 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland be noted that no special provision is envisaged in DL or pole in terms of river crossing. The line has a total 44 poles. The types of poles used are Single Pole (SP), Double Pole (DP) and Four Pole (FP). All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Figure 4.22: Increase in Length of Span Between Pole 4 and Pole 5 over Chering River 4.3.2.2 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Zunheboto (new) to 33/11 kV Zunheboto South Point (new) Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing National Highway between pole 89 and pole 90; 11 kV line between pole 22 and pole 23, between pole 35 and pole 36 and between pole 44 and pole 45; village road and foot track. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 1 km i.e. from 6.6 km to 5.53 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. Since there is a reduction in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. The line has a total 93 poles. The types of poles used are Double Circuit Double Pole (DC DP) and Double Circuit Four Pole (DC FP). All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.39 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 4.3.2.3 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Power House (new) Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of agricultural land, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing National Highway between pole 133 and pole 134; 33 kV line between pole 138 and pole 139 and between pole 144 and pole 145; 11 kV line between pole 96 and pole 97, between pole 130 and pole 131, between pole 133 and pole 134 and between pole 145 and pole 146; nalas; village road, metaled roads; footpath and LT line. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been negligible increased by approx. 0.3 km i.e. from 8.7 km to 9 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. Since there is a negligible increase in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will not increase. The line has a total 55 poles without any railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are SP, DP and FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. 4.3.2.4 33 kV line from 66 kV Mokokchung (existing) to 33/11 kV Mokokchung Town Hospital (new) Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing National Highway; 33/11 kV line; nalas; village road, metaled roads and LT line at several locations. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 4.4 km i.e. from 7.42 km to 3 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. Since there is a significant reduction in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. The line has a total 132 poles without any railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are SP, DP, FP, Double Circuit Single Pole (DC SP), DC DP and DC FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.40 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 4.3.2.5 33 kV line from 132/33 kV Pfutsero (new) to 33/11 kV Pfutsero (New) Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of private plantation/ lands owned by village council. The selected line does not pass through any National Highway, Power line, Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing a ditch, village road, footpath and one stream, which do not require any special towers. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) is 3.6 km. The final route avoids market area, habitation and a patch of dense forest. In order to avoid pole in private plantation area and therefore minimizing tree cutting, pole 13 is scheduled at a distance of 713 m from tower pole 12 (refer Figure 4.23). Market area has been avoided from pole 18 to pole 21 and human habitation has been avoided from pole 1 to pole 12 (refer Figure 4.24). The line has a total 25 poles without any National Highway (NH), railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are DC DP and DC FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. Figure 4.23: Increase in Length of Span Between Pole 12 and Pole 13 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.41 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.24: Avoidance of Habitation Area at Pfutsero 4.3.2.6 33 kV line from existing 132/66/33 kV Nagarjan Sub-station to new 33/11 kV Padampukhri Sub-station The line passes through plain terrain, comprises of private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line travels along NH 129A from pole 90 to 98; from existing 66 kV Nagarjan sub-station to pole 89 it travels along the existing road in Nagarjan area and from pole 90 to proposed new 33/11 kV Padampukhri substation in Padampukhri area. The line does not require any special towers. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by approx. 2 km i.e. from 4.34 km to 6.15 km so as to avoid human habitation and private property (refer Figure 4.25 to Figure 4.27). Though there is a significant increase in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental and social footprints will be nil as it travels along existing road and no felling of tree will required, only lopping of tree branches will suffice for ROW clearance. The line has a total 192 poles without any railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are SP, DP and FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.42 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.25: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Nagarjan Figure 4.26: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Naharbari RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.43 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.27: Route along the existing Road to Avoid Habitation Area at Padampukhri 4.3.2.7 33 kV line from 33/11 Akuloto (existing) Sub-station to 33/11 kV Suruhuto (existing) Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of agricultural land, private plantation/ lands owned by village council and Govt. land. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing National Highway 702A; 33/11 kV line; nalas; village road, metaled roads, hut, tea garden and LT line at several locations. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been increased by approx. 14 km i.e. from 9.5 km to 23.29 km so that environment & social sensitive areas are avoided/ minimized. This route has been preferred due to feasibility and lesser ROW problems. This is the only line which is more than 10 km in length as it travels along the village road and National Highway 702A. The line has a total 252 poles (though checking of the survey going on due to excessive number of poles/ km) without any railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are SP, DP and FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. 4.3.2.8 33 kV line from existing 33/11 kV Pughoboto Sub-station to existing 33/11 kV Torogonyu Sub-station The line passes through hilly terrain, comprises of agricultural land and private plantation/ lands owned by village council. The selected line does not pass through any Railway crossings and Settlement. However, the line is crossing RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.44 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland National Highway 2 at several locations; 33 kV line between pole 38 and pole 39; village road; LT line; foot track and metaled road. The line length of final route (Table 4.1) has been reduced by approx. 7 km i.e. from 9 km to 2.27 km due to further optimization during ground truthing survey. Since there is a significant reduction in line length it is expected that the resultant environmental footprints will be further reduced. Moreover, in order to avoid tower in private plantation area and therefore minimizing tree cutting, pole 10 is scheduled at a distance of 163 m from pole 9. The line has a total 42 poles without any railways and major river crossings. The types of poles used are SP, DP and FP. All the pole locations are easily accessible through existing road to carryout construction and maintenance activity and construction of new approach road is not required. 4.4 PROJECT IMPACTS Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts due to the construction/ bay extension of sub-stations and along the final route of transmission and distribution lines have been assessed. 4.4.1 Impact of Transmission & Distribution Lines The project does not require any private land acquisition for construction of transmission/distribution lines. Therefore, no physical displacement is foreseen in the project. However, there are some social impacts due to construction of lines/placing of towers & poles which are temporary in nature i.e. impacts in terms of loss of standing crops/trees/structures in the RoW, which lasts during construction phase only. The construction phase itself is very limited. Detailed survey has been carried out for transmission/distribution line to estimate/ arrive at impacts. 4.4.1.1 Type and Use of Land within Corridor Right of Way The line corridor will pass through mixed land uses which are generally agricultural land, private plantation, government land etc. The calculations are based on detailed survey/ investigation carried out along the route of transmission/distribution lines and considering the total line length of the line and its right of way. The total line length is 217.91 km which will impact an estimated of 1463.25 acre of land. These include 19.11 km of line passing through agricultural land (137.82 acre of agricultural land), 186.72 km of private plantation (1261.28 acre of private plantation land) and 11.99 km of government land (61.16 acre of government/ barren land). A brief description about the type and use of land in the corridor is given in Table 4.3. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.45 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 4.3: Type and Use of Land within Corridor of RoW Agricultural Private RoW Forest Land Govt. Land Total S. Land Plantation Name of Line Width No. Length Area Length Area Length Area Length Area Length Area (m) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) A Transmission Lines 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New 1 27 1.5 10.01 11.97 79.86 Nil Nil 0.5 3.34 13.97 93.20 Secretariat Complex (NU campus) 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima- 2 35 8.637 74.70 76 657.28 Nil Nil 2 17.30 86.637 749.27 Mokokchung via Wokha 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha- 3 27 5 33.36 42.993 286.83 Nil Nil 2.3 15.34 50.293 335.54 Zunheboto-Mokokchung LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at 4 27 Nil Nil 0.804 5.36 Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.804 5.36 Longnak LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima- 5 27 Nil Nil 2.411 16.09 Nil Nil Nil Nil 2.411 16.09 Meluri (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at new 6 27 1.7 11.34 7 46.70 Nil Nil 0.518 3.46 9.218 61.50 Kohima Sub Total 16.837 129.40 141.18 1092.12 Nil Nil 5.318 39.43 163.333 1260.96 B Distribution Lines Existing 33 kV Mok -Mariani line to prop. 7 15 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1.2 4.45 1.2 4.45 33/11 kV Longtho S/s Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 8 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Power 15 1 3.71 7 25.95 Nil Nil 1 3.71 9 33.36 House Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 9 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Hospital 15 Nil Nil 2.5 9.27 Nil Nil 0.5 1.85 3 11.12 Area New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/s to New 10 15 Nil Nil 5 18.53 Nil Nil 0.53 1.96 5.53 20.50 33/11kV s/s Zunheboto South Point Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/s to Exist. 11 15 1 3.71 20 74.13 Nil Nil 2.29 8.49 23.29 86.32 33/11kV s/s Akuloto Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/s to Exist. 12 15 0.27 1.00 2 7.41 Nil Nil Nil Nil 2.27 8.41 33/11kV s/s Torogonyu 13 132/33kV Kohima (New) SS to 33/11kV 15 Nil Nil 0.54 2.00 Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.54 2.00 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.46 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Agricultural Private RoW Forest Land Govt. Land Total S. Land Plantation Name of Line Width No. Length Area Length Area Length Area Length Area Length Area (m) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) (km) (acre) Zhadima New 132/33kV Pfutsero SS to New 33/11kV 14 15 Nil Nil 3.6 13.34 Nil Nil Nil Nil 3.6 13.34 Pfutsero Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan s/s to New 15 15 Nil Nil 5 18.53 Nil Nil 1.15 4.26 6.15 22.79 33/11kV s/s Padam Pukhri Sub Total 2.27 8.41 45.64 169.16 Nil Nil 6.67 24.722 54.58 202.3 TOTAL 19.11 137.82 186.82 1261.28 0.00 0.00 11.99 64.16 217.91 1463.25 Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.47 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 4.4.1.2 Impact on Soil & Surface Geology In plain areas impact on soil & geology is almost negligible as the excavated pit material is stacked properly and back filled as well as used for resurfacing the area. On hill slopes where soil is disturbed and prone to erosion is suitably protected by revetment, breast walls, and proper drainage. Besides extensive leg /chimney extension is being used to avoid benching or cutting of slopes to minimize the impact on slope stability. In all there are 542 towers proposed under 5 transmission lines to be constructed in hilly terrain. Of these 542 towers, around 66% of the towers i.e. 359 are being provided with leg extension/ chimney extension. 4.4.1.3 Impact on Land for Tower Base & Pole As per the assessment carried out in Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) by PGCIL, the land requirement for erection of tower legs is very small i.e. for each leg of tower actual construction is done on a small square area with side length ranging from 0.20 to 0.30 meter depending on the types of tower. Four such square pieces of land will be required to place the legs of tower. The area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of tower legs for an average 132 kV D/c transmission tower ranges from 0.16- 0.36 sq m of land. Thus, the actual impact is restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue as clearly depicted in the Figure 4.28. In case of 33 kV distribution line area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of pole is insignificant as approx. 1 sq. ft. land area is occupied for one pole (refer Figure 4.29). Due diligence confirms that land is either agricultural or barren, and current land use is not altered and resumed after construction. As already explained, the impact of transmission line is restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue after construction activity is over. The average land area will be unavailable for agriculture after erection of one 220kV/132 kV T/L tower and one pole for 33 kV D/L is approx. 0.25 sq m & 0.092 sq m, respectively. Based on above, total land loss for construction 86.637 km of 220kV transmission line, construction of 76.696 km of 132 kV transmission line and 54.58 km of 33 kV distribution line proposed under the present scheme is estimated 0.053 acre. However, compensation toward loss land shall be provided to APs which is part of RoW compensation. Details of land loss for tower base & pole are given in Table 4.4. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.48 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.28: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.49 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Figure 4.29: 33 kV Lines (Single & H Pole) Depicting Base Area Impact RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.50 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 4.4: Estimation of Actual Loss of Land for Tower Base & Pole Total Land loss Total land Line S. Tower/ per tower/ loss area for Name of Line Length No. Pole pole base tower & pole (Kms.) (Nos.) (sq m) base (sq m) A Transmission Lines 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to 1 13.97 48 0.25 12 New Secretariat Complex (NU campus) 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New 2 86.637 285 0.25 71.25 Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha- 3 50.293 166 0.25 41.5 Zunheboto-Mokokchung LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung- 4 0.804 5 0.25 1.25 Mariani at Longnak LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima- 5 2.411 10 0.25 2.5 Meluri (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at 6 9.218 33 0.25 8.25 new Kohima 136.75 ≅ TOTAL - A 163.333 547 0.034 acre B Distribution Lines Existing 33 kV Mok -Mariani line to 7 1.2 44 0.092 4.048 prop. 33/11 kV Longtho S/s Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to 8 New 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town 9 55 0.092 5.06 Power House Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to 9 New 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town 3 132 0.092 12.144 Hospital Area New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/s to New 10 5.53 93 0.092 8.56 33/11kV s/s Zunheboto South Point Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/s to Exist. 11 23.29 252 0.092 23.184 33/11kV s/s Akuloto Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/s to 12 2.27 42 0.092 3.864 Exist. 33/11kV s/s Torogonyu 132/33kV Kohima (New) SS to 33/11kV 13 0.54 13 0.092 1.196 Zhadima New 132/33kV Pfutsero SS to New 14 3.6 25 0.092 2.3 33/11kV Pfutsero Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan s/s to 15 6.15 192 0.092 17.67 New 33/11kV s/s Padam Pukhri 78.026 ≅ TOTAL - B 54.58 848 0.019 acre 214.776 ≅ TOTAL A+B 217.913 1395 0.053 acre Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.51 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 4.4.1.4 Impact on Crop Area (RoW Corridor & Tower/Pole) Construction of line in crop season is avoided as far as possible. In case when installation of towers/poles impacts on agricultural activity, detailed assessment/survey is conducted looking at existing crops, general crop patterns, seasonal particulars, nature and extent of yield. This data is compiled and analysed to study the extent and nature of impact. For the temporary loss of crops, only agricultural land and private plantation land are considered for estimation. The damages are not done in complete RoW of line (35m for 220kV D/c & 27 m for 132 kV D/c) but mostly restricted to tip to tip of the conductor and tower base area where average affected width/corridor would be limited to 27 & 20 meter (maximum). In 33 kV distribution lines, damages are minimal (mostly near bi-pole/quad-pole structure) however, 10 m corridor is considered for accessing the damages. Moreover, all efforts are made to reduce the damages to crops and to minimize the impacts whatsoever. One of the reasons is that schedules of construction activities are undertaken in lean season or post-harvest periods. Assets of any sorts will not be acquired but during construction, only temporary damages will occur. Based on the above estimation, the total land considered for crop damage for transmission/distribution line corridor and tower/pole foundation for the entire subproject is 1056.99 acre. Details of estimated impacted area for crop damages are given in Table 4.5. 4.4.1.5 Impact on Trees Construction of line in fruit bearing season is avoided as far as possible. Tree compensation is calculated on the basis of tree enumeration, tree species and an estimate of the compensation will be calculated on the basis of 8 years yield (assessed by revenue/horticulture department). Total numbers of trees likely to be affected due to construction of 163.333 km of 220kV/132 kV line and for 54.58 km of 33 kV distribution line is approx. 16096 nos., out of which 14104 are private trees and 1996 trees in govt. land. Additionally, 5100 nos. bamboo trees are also likely to be affected. The major species to be affected are Bamboo (Bambusa balcooa), Orange tree (Citrus x sinensis), Banana (Musa acuminata), Tiksung (Tectona grandis) & Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica). As per the conservation status by IUCN 2020.1, all the species falls under LC category. Details on number of trees for each line are given in Table 4.6. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.52 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 4.5: Estimation on Loss of Land for Crop Damage due to Overhead Lines Width Considered Total Total Land Area Total Total Line Length S. for Estimation of Private considered for Crop Name of Line Agricultural Considered for Crop No. Loss of Crops and Plantation Compensation Land (km) Compensation (km) other impacts (m) (km) (acre) A Transmission Lines 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New 1 20 1.5 11.97 13.47 66.57 Secretariat Complex (NU campus) 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima- 2 27 8.637 76 84.637 564.66 Mokokchung via Wokha 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto- 3 20 5 45.293 50.293 248.54 Mokokchung 4 LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak 20 Nil 0.804 0.804 3.97 LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima-Meluri 5 20 Nil 2.41 2.41 11.91 (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero 6 LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at new Kohima 20 1.7 7 8.7 42.99 TOTAL - A 16.83 143.48 160.31 938.64 B Distribution Lines Existing 33 kV Mok -Mariani line to prop. 33/11 kV 7 10 Nil Nil Nil Nil Longtho S/s LILO of Existing 33kV Mok -Mariani line at Exist. 33/11 8 10 Nil Nil Nil Nil kV Longnak S/s Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 33/11kV s/s 9 10 1 7 8 19.76 Mokokchung Town Power House Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 33/11kV s/s 10 10 Nil 2.5 2.5 6.18 Mokokchung Town Hospital Area New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/s to New 33/11kV s/s 11 10 Nil 5 5 12.35 Zunheboto South Point Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/s to Exist. 33/11kV s/s 12 10 1 20 21 51.89 Akuloto Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/s to Exist. 33/11kV s/s 13 10 0.27 2 2.27 5.60 Torogonyu 14 132/33kV Kohima (New) SS to 33/11kV Zhadima 10 Nil 0.54 0.54 1.33 15 New 132/33kV Pfutsero SS to New 33/11kV Pfutsero 10 Nil 3.6 3.6 8.89 Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan s/s to New 33/11kV 16 10 Nil 5 5 12.35 s/s Padam Pukhri TOTAL - B 2.27 45.64 47.91 118.35 Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.53 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 4.6: Loss of Trees Trees in Trees in S. Total Trees Name of Line Private Govt. No. (No.) Area (No.) Area (No.) A Transmission Lines 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New 1304+400 280+100 1584+500 1 Secretariat Complex (NU campus) Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima- 5000+2200 700+380 5700+2580 2 Mokokchung via Wokha Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto- 4400+1200 580+300 4980+1500 3 Mokokchung Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at 4 140 10 150 Longnak LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima-Meluri 5 300 20 320 (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero 1000+200 152+70 1152+270 6 LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at new Kohima Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo 12144+4000 1742+850 13886+4850 TOTAL - A Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo B Distribution Lines Existing 33 kV Mok -Mariani line to prop. 33/11 7 20 10 30 kV Longtho S/s LILO of Existing 33kV Mok -Mariani line at Exist. 8 20 10 30 33/11 kV Longnak S/s Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 9 250 30 280 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Power House Existing 66/33kV Mokokchung S/s to New 10 90 10 100 33/11kV s/s Mokokchung Town Hospital Area New 132/33kV Zunheboto S/s to New 33/11kV 11 250 30 280 s/s Zunheboto South Point Existing 33/11kV Suruhuto S/s to Exist. 33/11kV 920+200 100+50 1020+250 12 s/s Akuloto Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Existing 33/11kV Pughoboto S/s to Exist. 33/11kV 13 70 NIL 70 s/s Torogonyu 14 132/33kV Kohima (New) SS to 33/11kV Zhadima 30 NIL 30 New 132/33kV Pfutsero SS to New 33/11kV 15 160 10 170 Pfutsero Existing 132/66/33kV Nagarjan s/s to New 16 150 50 200 33/11kV s/s Padam Pukhri 1960+200 250+50 2210+250 TOTAL - B Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo 14104+4200 1992+900 16096+5100 TOTAL A+B Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor 4.4.1.6 Impact on Other Assets (Small Shed in Agriculture Fields) It has been observed during survey that approximately 10 numbers of small structures exist along the right of way of proposed transmission lines. No such structures exist along the right of way of distribution lines. These are small storage sheds/huts which are mostly temporary structure associated with the RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.54 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland agricultural fields. People do not use these small structures/sheds for residential purpose and they use it as storage of agricultural purpose only. Details on impacts on small structures are given in Table 4.7. Table 4.7: Loss of Other Assets S. No. of Storage Name of Line No. Sheds/ Huts A Transmission Lines 1 132 KV D/C New Kohima (Zhadima) to New Secretariat Complex (NU campus) 8 2 220 KV S/C (On D/C Tower) New Kohima-Mokokchung via Wokha 2 3 132 kV S/C (on D/C tower) Wokha-Zunheboto-Mokokchung 0 4 LILO of 132kV S/C Mokokchung-Mariani at Longnak 0 5 LILO of both ckts of 132kV D/C Kohima-Meluri (Kiphire) line at Pfutsero 0 6 LILO of 132kV S/C Kohima-Wokha at new Kohima 0 TOTAL 10 Source: Detailed Survey of POWERGRID/ Contractor 4.4.1.7 Other Damages Other damages like bunds, water bodies, fish ponds, approach paths, drainage and irrigation canals etc. are at best avoided. However, if damaged, the Revenue Department assesses the cost of damage as per State Govt. norms. The total estimate is submitted for approval to the competent authority. Payments are made to owners in the presence of local revenue authorities or village head/ Sarpanch and respective acknowledgements are obtained and POWERGRID/ DPN pays the compensation. Hindrances to power, telecom carrier & communication lines etc. shall be paid as per Govt. norms. 4.4.2 Impact Due to Construction of New Substation and Bay Extension The project component consists of establishment/ bay extension of eight 132/33 kV sub-stations i.e. at Longnak, New Secretariat Complex Kohima, Pfutsero and Zunheboto and twenty three 33/11 kV sub-stations However, only in case of 5 substations, fresh lands were secured through private purchased on negotiated rates based on “willing buyer-willing seller basis”. For remaining new sub-stations and bay extensions of the EHV and DMS substations land is already available with DPN. Since involuntary acquisition is involved, R&R will not be an issue in the instant project. The details are provided in Table 1.6 of Chapter 1. The other environmental impacts that impact environment due to construction/ bay extension of sub-station are uncontrolled silt runoff, nuisance to nearby area, inadequate resurfacing for erosion control, inadequate disposition of borrow area, workers health/ safety. All these impacts and their management are discussed in detail in Chapter 5. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.55 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Another impact is construction of access road. Access to all the new/ existing sub-stations will be along existing roads or village paths; minor improvements to paths may be made where necessary, but no major construction of roads, except, 132/33 kV sub-stations at Zunheboto, Secretariat Complex and Pfutsero where approach road of 2 km, 300 m and 200 m respectively is proposed/ under implementation will be necessary during construction. The approach road at Secretariat Complex and Pfutsero is proposed/ being constructed on already acquired land for the construction of sub-station. The approach road of 2 km for 132/33 kV Zunheboto sub-station is proposed from Lizo old village to sub-station. Presently, it is an existing foot path only on community land, being used by villagers for movement from their home to agricultural field. Since the approach road will be utilized during construction phase only, whereas for villagers it will be a permanent upgradation of their footpath to road, therefore, villagers have given their consent for this expansion. In many areas such improvement in the access road is highly appreciated by the local population. Since none of these segments require any additional land and thus have insignificant environmental and social impacts, these would fall in low risk category as per E & S screening criteria. However, Construction of road may lead to soil erosion, increase the airborne dust particles, nuisance to nearby area, require land for temporary accessibility etc. Impacts due to road construction and its management are discussed in detail in Chapter 5. 4.4.3 Impact on Indigenous People Government of India, under Article 342 of the Constitution, considers the following characteristics to define indigenous peoples [Scheduled Tribes (ST)]: i. tribes’ primitive traits; ii. distinctive culture; iii. shyness with the public at large; iv. geographical isolation; and v. social and economic backwardness before notifying them as a Scheduled Tribe. Essentially, indigenous people have a social and cultural identity distinct from the ‘mainstream’ society that makes them vulnerable to being overlooked or marginalized in the development processes. STs, who have no modern means of subsistence, with distinctive culture and are characterized by socio- economic backwardness, could be identified as Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous people are also characterized by cultural continuity. Constitution of India identifies schedule areas which are predominately inhabited by such people. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.56 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland The State of Nagaland is pre-dominantly a tribal state with > 89% population, inhabited by 16 major tribes under the umbrella term of the 'Naga', and along with a number of sub-tribes. Accordingly, special provision has extended to the State under Article 371 A of the Constitution of India which provides “no act of parliament in respect of religious and social practices of the Naga, Naga customary laws and procedures, administration of civil and criminal justices involving decisions according to Naga customary law and ownership and transfer of land and its resources shall apply to the state of Nagaland, unless Legislative Assembly of the state, by a resolution, so decides. Since, the project under NERPSIP is envisaged for economic uplifting of the NE region, hence, no indigenous population will be negatively impacted in the project area. However, It may be noted that all social issues shall be dealt separately in accordance with the provisions of Social Management Framework (SMF, A-C) placed in the Further, It may be noted that all social issues shall be dealt separately in accordance with the provisions of Social Management Framework (SMF, A-C), placed in the ESPPF of DPN”. 4.4.4 Summary of Impacts Based on the above analysis of final route of transmission and distribution lines and location of EHV and DMS sub-stations, the summarized environmental & social impact matrix is presented below in Table 4.8. Table 4.8: Summary of Impacts S. No. PARAMETERS EXTENT OF IMPACT 1. A. Total Line length - The TL length has reduced by approx. 14 km, while the DL length (TL -163.333 km, has increased by approx. 8.5 km. Due to significant reduction in DL- 54.58 km) final route of 220/ 132kV line length, it is expected that resultant environmental footprints will be less as envisaged earlier. Though final route length of DL has increased, still no additional impacts of any kind apart from earlier identified impacts in IEAR/ EMP are anticipated as there is no change in land use and other base line data. Moreover, changes in the final route length have been made so as to avoid/ minimize environment & social sensitive areas. As compared to IEAR, no additional impacts are anticipated. B. Terrain: Plain Almost entire (approx. 96%) of lines are passing through hilly area area- 0.804 km and remaining approx. 4% through plains Similarly, around 80% of (TL)+ 7.35 km (DL); sub-stations to be constructed/ augmented are in hilly areas and Hilly area- 162.529 the remaining 20% are in plains. Hence, provisions for revetment, km (TL)+ 47.23 breast walls, and proper drainage etc. have been made. Besides (DL) extensive leg /chimney extension is being used to avoid benching or cutting of slopes to minimize the impact on slope stability. 2. Forest land No notified forest. Only private plantation of approx. 190 km of traversed (km) total line length having vegetation encountered. It is estimated that maximum 16906 trees and 5100 bamboo will be felled. Further, in hilly area due to additional height gain of towers and availability of adequate clearance tree felling will be further minimized. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.57 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 3. Forest type NA 4. Forest density NA 5. Rare/endangered No rare/endangered flora found in project area. flora 6. Rare/ No rare/endangered flora found in project area. endangered fauna 7. Migrating NA Wildlife/ breeding ground 8. National Park / No protected areas involved sanctuaries 9. Wet land None traversed 10. Soil erodibility Low 11. Historical / None Cultural monuments 12. Total Affected As per assessment carried out under CPTD, total APs are 1149, of Persons (APs) which 568 are due to TLs and 581 are due to DLs. All APs will be compensated as per the Govt. norms. 13. Relocation of None villagers 14. Area of actual land Total 0.053 acre of actual loss of land will be taking place under loss under Tower tower/ pole base, of which 0.034 will be under tower base and Base 0.019 under tower. This loss is temporary in nature i.e. during construction time only. APs will be compensated for actual land loss. 15. Affected 10 small sheds being used for agricultural purpose shall be affected Structures due to TLs. APs will be compensated for affected structures. 16. Temporary Total 1056.99 acre of area has been estimated to come under Damage to Crop temporary damage to crop. This loss is temporary in nature i.e. during construction time only. APs will be compensated for actual land loss. 17. Loss/ Hindrance to Negligible, restricted to construction phase only. Public Utilities RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 4.58 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL 5 IMPACTS, EVALUATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental impacts of Transmission & Distribution (T & D) projects are not far reaching and are mostly localized to RoW (refer Table 5.1). However, T & D projects have some effects on natural and socio-culture resources. All possible measures have been taken during the finalization of route alignment as described in the earlier chapter for the proposed transmission/distribution system, however, due to the peculiarity of terrain where project is being implemented, some environmental impacts may be there. The explanations in brief with regard to possible environmental impact and measures taken to minimize the same are given in ensuing paragraph. Table 5.1: RoW Width & Clearance between Conductors and Trees Min. Clearance (m) between Transmission Voltage Max. RoW (m) conductor & Trees 220 kV 35 4.6 132 kV 27 4.0 33 kV 15 2.8 5.2 IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION AND DESIGN 5.2.1 Resettlement Land is required for a) erection of towers/ pole for transmission and distribution lines and b) construction of substations. As explained in previous chapter during line routing stage itself all measures have been undertaken by IA to avoid settlements such as cities, villages etc. in line with the guiding principle of avoidance as per ESPPF. During detail survey modern techniques/tools like GIS, GPS, and aerial photography were utilized to further optimization the final route alignment avoiding human habitation and other ecological and socially sensitive areas. Moreover, the project does not require any resettlement of villagers as no land is acquired for tower/pole foundation as per existing law. The present project involves construction of 3 new 132/33 kV sub-stations at Longnak, Pfutsero and Zunheboto; one new 33/11 kV sub-stations at Padam Pukhri and Capacity augmentation of one existing 33/11 kV sub-station at RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Wokha Power House for which fresh lands have been secured through private purchase on willing–buyer and willing-seller basis on negotiated/market rate. A total of 25.49 acre land has been secured for these sub-stations from 15 private persons who willing sold their land. Apart from this, for the construction of new 132/33 kV sub-station at New Secretariat and 33/11 kV sub-stations at Longtho, Zunheboto South Point, Mokokchung Power House, Mokokchung Town Hospital Area, Zhadima (Chiephobozou), Pfutsero, Tizit and Lalmati (Zubza), 6.91 acre of Govt. land has been provided by DPN. In addition, the augmentation/extension work at sub-stations are being undertaken in the already existing DPN sub-stations premise and no acquisition of fresh land was required for this purpose. Since, no involuntary acquisition was involved and fresh lands were secured only through private purchase there is no R & R and resettlement issues. 5.2.2 Land Value Depreciation It is evident that electric power being an enabler sector acts as a catalyst for the growth and development of areas having accessibility to it. Based on past experience land prices are generally expected to rise in the areas receiving power. In the present project, transmission lines pass through agriculture fields, private plantation area and govt. land (mostly uninhabited and scrub land), where the land-use is not going to change in foreseeable future. Therefore, the value of land is not adversely affected to a significant degree. Moreover, distribution lines are primarily intended to provide power supply to populated area which boost the economic status as well as land price of the area, thus, outweighing possible negative impacts, if any. 5.2.3 Historical/Cultural Monuments/Value Final routes of transmission and distribution line and sites for construction of new sub-stations don’t involve any monuments of historical or cultural significance. 5.2.4 Encroachment into Precious Ecological Areas In accordance with the policy of route selection, IA/Utility have taken all precautions right from the planning stage itself to avoid routing of line through forest, protected areas like national park, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve/ biodiversity hotspot and other ecological sensitive areas. In the instant scheme, forest area covered under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been completely avoided with careful selection of route alignment, therefore, provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 shall not prevail. However, in case of felling of trees in non-designated forest areas i.e. areas under the control of individual/community/village councils, mitigation measures as referred in ESPPF shall be undertaken. The mitigation measure as suggested in ESPPF for minimizing adverse impact on forests in non- designated forest areas states that DPN/IA shall provide fund for RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland compensatory afforestation for planting 3 trees for every tree to be felled subject to availability of land. Accordingly, provision of Rs. 177 lakhs (@ 1 lakh/km) has been kept in budget towards voluntary afforestation program in the ratio of 1:3. The estimated no. of tree to be felled are 16096, additionally 5100 bamboo trees are also likely to be affected. In addition, suitable management measures like minimizing RoW requirement, use of tall or extended tower (3-9 m) etc., wherever feasible, is being undertaken to minimize the loss of vegetation. 5.2.5 Encroachment into Other Valuable Lands The final route of transmission and distribution line passes through agricultural land (approximately 9%), most through private plantation (approximately 87%) and the remaining approximately 4% passes through government land. As per existing law, land for tower/pole & right of way is not acquired and ownership of land remains with the owner and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after construction activity. However, as per existing laws, compensation for all damages (tree/crop) are paid to the individual land owner. Additionally, land compensation @100% land value for tower base is also paid to land owner as per prevailing practices. In case of 33 kV distribution line, area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of pole is insignificant as approximately one sq. ft. land area is occupied for one pole. As already mentioned in Table 4.4, total land loss area for 848 poles is only 0.019 acre, therefore, land value for pole base is not considered for land compensation. In the instant case, all the 547 tower locations are falling either on private land or community land or government land. Since the tower locations are falling under various villages of 6 districts, No Objection Certificates (NoC) from concerned land owner/ Headman /Village Council are being obtained as per the progress of work (Annexure III highlights the NoCs already obtained). The agriculture, horticulture departments have been approached to determine the rates of compensation for the paddy fields and rubber/ tea/ coffee respectively. Similarly, for land compensation, the land rate has been fixed by District Collector/ ADCs. In line with the compensation procedures laid down in ESPPF & CPTD, compensation towards damage to tree/crop and land diminution value have been paid to affected persons after assessment of actual damage based on market rate and verification by concerned revenue authorities. A sample case of compensation payment including notice to land owner, assessment and verification by revenue authority and payment to affected person etc. is enclosed as Annexure IV. The status of crop & tree compensation and land compensation for tower base and corridor plan up to March 2020 has been given in Table 5.2 and Table 5.3 respectively. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 5.2: Status of Crop & Tree Compensation 220 kV S/C New 132 kV D/C 132 kV S/C Wokha- LILO132 kV S/C LILO 132kV LILO 132 kV Name of the Line Kohima-Wokha- Kohima-New Zunheboto- Mokokchung- S/c Kohima- D/c Kohima- Total Mokokchung Sec. Complex Mokokchung Mariani Wokha Meluri Affected Persons (APs) issued with 95 21 0 5 14 10 145 notice (No.) Compensation already paid to APs (No.) 53 16 0 5 0 0 74 Compensation for APs under progress 42 5 0 0 14 10 71 (No.) 1.01 Affected Land Area (ha) 0.668 0.148 0 0.038 0.121 0.038 3 Foundation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Compensation Paid for Erection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 crop damages (Rs. Lakhs) Stringing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Tree Affected (No.) 2349 283 0 43 944 0 3619 Compensation Paid for Foundation 6.75 1.05 0 0.07 0.00 0.00 7.87 Tree damages (Rs. in Erection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lakh) Stringing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No. of Pending cases/ non-eligible cases with details thereof (e.g. Govt land/title NIL disputes/ any other reasons) Table 5.3: Status of Land Compensation for Tower Base and Corridor 220 kV S/C New 132 kV D/C 132 kV S/C Wokha- LILO132 kV S/C LILO 132kV LILO 132 kV Name of the Line Kohima-Wokha- Kohima-New Zunheboto- Mokokchung- S/c Kohima- D/c Kohima- Total Mokokchung Sec. Complex Mokokchung Mariani Wokha Meluri Total Foundation Completed (No.) 73 23 10 5 14 8 133 Total Affected Persons for Tower 95 25 12 5 14 10 166 Foundation (No.) Compensation already paid to 53 16 0 5 0 10 84 Affected Persons (No.) Compensation for APs under progress 42 5 10 0 14 0 71 (No.) Total Compensation paid for Tower 68.40 14.40 0 21.25 0 10.09 114.14 RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 220 kV S/C New 132 kV D/C 132 kV S/C Wokha- LILO132 kV S/C LILO 132kV LILO 132 kV Name of the Line Kohima-Wokha- Kohima-New Zunheboto- Mokokchung- S/c Kohima- D/c Kohima- Total Mokokchung Sec. Complex Mokokchung Mariani Wokha Meluri Base (Rs. in lakh) Total Stringing Completed (km) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Affected Persons in RoW Corridor (No.) Compensation already paid to Affected Persons in RoW Corridor Not Applicable as (No.) State Govt. has not adopted MoP guidelines Compensation for APs for RoW Corridor under progress (No.) Total Compensation paid for RoW Corridor (Rs. in lakh) No. of Pending cases/non-eligible cases with details thereof (e.g. Govt NIL land/ title disputes/ any other reasons RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.2.6 Interference with other Utilities and Traffic As per regulations, it is mandatory for IA/Utility to seek clearance prior to construction from department of Railways, Telecommunications and wherever necessary from aviation authorities that are likely to be affected by the construction of transmission lines. The transmission and distribution lines do not interfere with telecommunication towers. Further, railway lines and aviation routes are not present in the project locations. It is therefore not required to avail clearances from Department of Railways, Department of Telecommunications, and the Ministry of Aviation. As regard inference with traffic, it is to may be noted that National Highway- 61 (NH-61) and National Highway-39 (NH-39) are the main roads which connect various subproject areas including the sub-station sites through various state roads, district roads and village roads. Traffic on NH-39 is comparatively more than traffic on NH-61. However, as expected that execution of the projects covered in this report has not resulted in any steep rise in traffic volume. Further, the present project requires very less vehicular movement and that too restricted to construction period only. Hence, no steep rise in traffic volume is anticipated/ observed. 5.2.7 Interference with Drainage Pattern As the transmission lines are constructed aerially and the blockage of ground surface is limited to area of tower footings, which is very small, there is little possibility of affecting drainage pattern. The transmission & distribution lines proposed under this scheme don’t involve any tower/ pole to be placed in river bed which could interfere with existing drainage patterns. Further, to avoid any interfere, DC towers are being used instead DB tower as single span limit is crossed in the stretches where TL/ DL is crossing river, cross-arm strengthening has been suggested. Also, as mentioned in previous chapter, use of leg extension is being made in towers to minimize/avoid benching/ revetment, to minimize/ avoid chances of soil erosion, to minimize/ avoid sedimentation of river, to provide great stability. Another measure already suggested in EMP and in place is to avoid dumping of fill materials in sensitive drainage area. In case of substations, all drainage channels along or inside substations are being trained and connected to main or existing drainage to avoid any erosion due to uncontrolled flow of water. Same can be observed from the photographs placed below. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Irrigation Canal Drainage Protection/ Boundary Wall along the Irrigation Canal and Stream 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO DESIGN 5.3.1 Escape of Polluting Materials The equipment installed on lines and substations are static in nature and do not generate any fumes or waste materials. However, detailed specification with respect to equipment design and substation drainage and sewage design has been included in tender document to avoid any incidence of land and water contamination. Transformers have been designed with oil spill containment systems having sump of capacity of 200% of oil volume of largest transformer, and purpose-built oil, lubricant and fuel storage system, complete with spill cleanup equipment. Substations include drainage and sewage disposal systems to avoid offsite land and water pollution. Apart from this, solid waste like packing materials, cables, aluminum conductor, sand, aggregate material, cements and steel generated during construction is carefully handled and removed from the sites periodically to avoid any contamination. Same can be figured out with the help of photographs placed below. Also, the system helps in avoiding accidents through contamination, spills and fire. Drainage and Sewage system within the Lalmati (Zubza) Substation RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Arrangement to avoid contamination and accidents Sectional Detail of Switchyard Open Drain & Plinth Protection Drain Details of Soak Pit & Septic Tank RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.8 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.3.2 Explosion/Fire Hazards During the survey and site selection for transmission lines, and substations, it has been ensured that these are kept away from oil/gas pipelines and other sites with potential for creating explosions or fires. Fires due to flashover from lines can be a more serious problem in forest. However, adequate safety measures are taken to avoid such incidence. In the present project, the route line routes and substations are not located close to the vicinity of oil/gas pipelines or other installations with potential fire/ explosion hazard. Apart from this, automatic tripping mechanism for transmission/distribution and substations are being installed so that line gets disconnected in fraction of seconds to prevent fire hazards. Also, fire wall between transformers are being constructed to prevent fire from spreading. Firefighting instruments including fire extinguishers are kept in appropriate place for immediate action in case of any fire hazard. The only substation which is surrounded by residential area is 33/11 kV New Lalmati substation. It may be noted that sub-stations are being constructed on the land provided by DPN after considering all the risks and after following ESPPF. Lalmati was an existing sub-station, however, it is being considered as new as it was totally dismantled before construction. Measures taken at Lalmati substation to avoid any such hazard are construction of fire wall between transformers and the boundary wall of the substation is high as compared to other substations. Apart from Lalmati substation there is no sub- station that needs such additional attention. Fire Wall at ITI, Kohima Fire Wall at Padampukhri 5.3.3 Erosion Hazards due to Inadequate Provision for Resurfacing of Exposed Area Construction of 220/132kV line involves only small-scale excavation of area i.e. 3m L x 3m W x 3m H for tower footing that may result in generation of 108 m3 of excavated material from each tower. In case of 220/132/33 kV substation foundation, excavation of soil to the tune of 7500 m 3 is required RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.9 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland depending on site condition. Similarly, in case of 33 kV line, soil excavation is limited to 0.72 m3 for each pole, and for 33/11 kV sub-station, excavation of around 2000 m3 is required. It has been worked out that a total of approximately 1,07,678 m3 (547x108 + 4x7500 + 848x0.72 + 9x2000) of excavated materials gets generated for construction of 547 nos. of tower, 4 nos. of 220/132 kV substations, 848 nos. of poles and 9 nos. of 33/11 KV substations proposed under present scheme. However, all the soil excavated for tower/pole footings and substations construction are optimally (about 80- 90%) utilized for backfilling and the remaining soil being spread evenly and compacted. Top soil disturbed during the development of sites are used to restore the surface of the platform. Infertile and rocky material are dumped at carefully selected dumping areas and used as fill for substation/ and tower/pole foundations. Hence, possibility of erosion of exposed area due to construction activity is negligible. 5.3.4 Environmental Aesthetics Since spacing between the towers/poles in case of 220/132 kV transmission & 33 kV distribution lines is approximately 300 meters and 100 meters, respectively, these don’t affect the visual aesthetics of the localities particularly when it is ensured to route the lines as far away from the localities as possible. DPN takes up plantation of trees to buffer the visual effect around its substations and to provide better living conditions. Wherever DPN feels it appropriate, discussions are held with local Forest Department officials to determine feasibility of planting trees along roads running parallel to transmission lines to buffer visual effect in these areas. In addition, towers are painted grey or green to merge with the background. 5.3.5 Noise/Vibration Nuisances The equipment installed at substation are mostly static and are so designed that the noise level always remains within permissible limits i.e. 85 dB as per Indian standards. Transformers with maximum noise emitting level of 75 dB and DG set with proper enclosures are part of equipment specification/ design criteria. Some noise is unavoidable during construction phase like noise produced by concrete mixing equipment and excavators which are temporary and only in day time. However, regular monitoring by IA/Contractors and due maintenance of equipment are ensured to keep the noise level well within the prescribed limit. Further, to contain the noise level within the permissible limits whenever noise level increases beyond permissible limits, measures like providing sound and vibration dampers and rectification of equipment are undertaken. In addition, plantations of sound absorbing species like Casuarinas, Tamarind, and Neem are raised at the substations that reduce the sound level appreciably. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.10 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.3.6 Blockage of Wildlife Passage/ Impact on Avifauna The proposed transmission & distribution lines are not passing through any forest area, wildlife area. Since there is no protected area or demarcated/ documented migration path of wildlife like elephant corridor existing near to subproject locations, hence, possibility of any disturbance to wildlife is not imminent. Avian hazards mostly encountered in bird sanctuaries area, IBAs and fly path of migratory bird predominantly related to nesting site. Since in the instant case due to routing of line away from such areas, bird hit/electrocution is not anticipated. Although the incidence of avian hazards is rare due to the distance between the conductors, however, as an additional measure to prevent any avian hazards, bird guards/ anti perch devices are part of BoQ and also integral part of tower design (drawing attached as Annexure V). 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 5.4.1 Uncontrolled Silt Runoff Majority of tower/pole locations are on hilly terrain; therefore, tower/ poles have been positioned on hilltops and where ever positioning of tower on hill top is not possible leg extension is being utilized so as to minimize/ avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Retaining walls are also being constructed to eliminate the chances of silt runoff/ soil erosion. Out of total 542 towers being/ to be erected approx. 66% (359 no.) are with leg extension. The excavated material has been backfilled and any remaining earth, if any have been spread around the base and compacted. In case of distribution lines all the excavated soil is backfilled and compacted after erection of tubular poles. In case of sub-station, existing one are located on flat land and adjacent to existing road and new ones are also being constructed on flat land after site clearing and leveling. It is also being ensured that new sub-stations are close to existing road and construction of approach road is avoided as far as possible, however, in some cases i.e. 132/33 kV sub-stations at Zunheboto, Secretariat Complex and Pfutsero approach road of 2 km, 300 m and 200 m respectively is proposed/ under implementation. As already explained, during construction limited quantity of excavated material is generated from tower/pole foundations and sub-station foundation. However, adequate measures have been taken to store excavated materials properly for refilling after construction is over. Further, excavation in the hilly areas is avoided in rainy days. Hence, uncontrolled silt run off is not RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.11 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland anticipated. However, during construction, precautions are being taken by contractors, boundary/ retaining/ breast walls are being constructed to avoid any such runoff of excavated material from the construction sites. Moreover, sub-stations are being constructed above the high flood level (HFL) by raising the foundation pad, therefore, are not prone to flooding/ erosive losses of soil. So far there are no instances with potential of erosion during construction of above said lines. Similarly, there are no instances of erosion/losses of soils into adjoining area as all the overburden are being backfilled within the substation boundary walls and properly managed. The substations are not located in the vicinity of water bodies or ecologically sensitive areas. Refilling and levelling of excavated material at substations and tower foundation & erection works have been demonstrated with the help of following photographs taken during the field visit. Earth cutting and Levelling at 132/33kV Secretariat Complex Kohima Surplus Earth labelling at Lalmati S/S RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.12 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Refilling and leveling of excavated material at Chiephobozou Substation Cutting and leveling of excavated material at Zunheboto Substation Refilling and leveling of excavated material at Longleng DMS and Pfutsero Substations Refilling and leveling of excavated material after tower foundation and erection work RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.13 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Refilling and leveling of excavated material after tower foundation and erection work 5.4.2 Nuisance to Nearby Properties During site selection due care is taken to keep the transmission & distribution lines and substations away from settlements. Further, all the construction activities are undertaken through the use of small mechanical devices e.g. tractors and manual labour, therefore, nuisance to the nearby properties if any, is not expected. The construction activities are normally undertaken in lean period and post harvesting to avoid/minimize such impact. All construction sites of new sub-station are prohibited for general public both due to its separation/demarcation by boundary wall and also due to statutory provisions. Hence, any adverse impact arising during the construction of substation is temporary i.e. will last during construction phase only, and limited to the boundaries of proposed substation only and neither impacts nearby habitat/property nor health & safety of neighboring community. 132/33 kV Wokha S/S Boundary Wall & Gate 33/11 kV Padampukhri S/S B. Wall & Gate RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.14 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 33/11 kV Chiephobozou S/S Boundary Wall 33/11 kV ITI, Kohima S/S Gate 33/11 kV Lalmati (Zubza) S/S Boundary Wall 132/33 kV Longnak S/S Boundary Wall 33/11 kV Pfutsero S/S Boundary Wall 33/11 kV Chukitong S/S Boundary Wall 5.4.3 Interference with Utilities and Traffic and Blockage of Access Way Since all the locations of subprojects are not well connected through rail link, transportation of construction materials will be mostly through road network. Access to the site will be along existing roads or village paths; minor improvements to paths may be made where necessary, but no major construction of roads, except, 132/33 kV sub-stations at Zunheboto, Secretariat Complex and Pfutsero where approach road of 2 km, 300 m and 200 m respectively is proposed/ under implementation will be necessary either during construction. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.15 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland The approach road at Secretariat Complex and Pfutsero is proposed/ being constructed on already acquired land for the construction of sub-station therefore, neither it will interfere with utilities and traffic and block the access way nor compensation for any damage to crop or field will be paid to the owner. The approach road of 2 km for 132/33 kV Zunheboto sub-station is proposed from Lizo old village to sub-station. Presently, it is existing foot path only being used by villagers for movement from their home to agricultural field. Since it is a foot path which leads to nothing but agricultural field therefore, interfere with utilities and traffic and block the access way is not at all expected. In many areas such improvement in the access road is highly appreciated by the local population. Moreover, since none of these segments require any additional land and thus have insignificant environmental and social impacts, these would fall in low risk category as per E & S screening criteria. The transmission and distribution lines do not interfere with telecommunication towers. Further, railway lines and aviation routes are not present in the project locations. Therefore, interfere with utilities and block the access way in this regard is also not at all expected. As and when a transmission line crosses any road, the short span angle (DT) towers are located at a distance so as not to cause any hindrance to the movement of traffic. Stringing at the construction stage is carried out during lean traffic period in consultation with the concerned authorities and angle towers are planted to facilitate execution of work in different stages. 5.4.4 Inadequate Resurfacing for Erosion Control As explained earlier, majority of tower/pole locations hilly terrain, therefore, tower/ poles have been positioned on hilltops and where ever positioning of tower on hill top is not possible leg extension is being utilized so as to minimize/ avoid benching/ revetment and to provide great stability. Retaining walls are also being constructed to eliminate the chances of silt runoff/ soil erosion. However, till date no instances with potential of erosion observed during construction of above said lines. Further, construction is generally undertaken in dry/non- monsoon period. Similarly, existing sub-stations are located on flat land but new sub-stations are being constructed on flat land after site clearing and leveling. Further, due to undulating terrain and for slope protection, retaining / RRM walls have been planned/ being implemented as erosion protection measure in the sub- stations mentioned in Table 5.4. Typical section of retaining wall for various depth is shown as figure below. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.16 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 5.4: Details of Slope Protection Measures S. Measure Purpose of Location Present Status No. Type Measure Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- RCC Retaining To avoid landslide/ 1 Yet to start station at Zunheboto (New) Wall soil erosion Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- Completed up to RCC Retaining To avoid landslide/ 2 station at Secretariat Complex 42 m length and Wall soil erosion Kohima (New) 2.2 m height Establishment of 132/33 kV Sub- RCC Retaining To avoid landslide/ 3 Under Progress station at Pfutsero (New) Wall soil erosion Completed. Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub- RRM Wall To avoid landslide/ 4 (13.3 m + 9.6 m station at Wokha soil erosion length) Bay extension of 132/33 kV Sub- To avoid landslide/ Completed up to 5 station at Mokokchung (State RRM Wall soil erosion 8m Owned) Under Establishment of 33/11 kV Sub- To avoid landslide/ 6 RRM Wall construction station at Pfutsero (New) soil erosion (approx. 40m) Capacity augmentation of 33/11 To avoid landslide/ Completed 7 RRM Wall kV (Existing) Sub-station at Botsa soil erosion (approx. 18m) Capacity augmentation of 33/11 To avoid landslide/ Completed 8 kV (Existing) Sub-station at RRM Wall soil erosion (approx. 12m) Chakabama 9 Mostly in all sub-stations Stone Pitching To retain the soil Shall be provided Typical Section of Retaining Wall for Various Depth For tower/ pole and sub-station located on flat terrain, problem of soil erosion is not envisaged. Few such instances have been demonstrated with the help of following photographs. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.17 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Pole erection work from Nagarjan to Padampukhri Pole erection work from Zunheboto South Point to Zunheboto Tower Foundation work at Pfutsero Tower Erection work at Longnak Tower Foundation at Mokokchung RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.18 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland RCC Retaining Wall at 132/33kV New Secretariat Complex Sub-station RRM Wall at 132/33kV Wokha Sub-station RRM Wall at 132/33 kV Mokokchung Sub-station RRM Wall at 33/11 kV Pfutsero S/S RRM Wall 33/11 kV Botsa S/S RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.19 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland RRM Wall at 33/11 kV Chakabama S/S During field visit, it was observed that: • At few construction sites, there is a possibility of erosion along the slopes getting triggered by excavated soils dumped without protection/ retaining wall. Tseminyu DMS Site has been left unattended after excavation work without any protection around the construction site. • Similarly, at DMS Mokokchung Hospital area, excavated soil mass has blocked a seasonal drain, However, IA staff/ engineers assured that as per approved design protection wall will be constructed all along the boundary of DMS at the right bank of nala. Approach Road 133/33 kV Sub Station Sec. Complex, Kohima Drainage Line Tseminyu DMS Site Mokokchung Hospital Area DMS Site RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.20 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Also, it was observed that during construction at 132/33 kV Lognak substation site, huge number of boulders were excavated. (Refer photographs shown below). Such quantity of boulders was not anticipated during planning stage. The contractor has sought advice from IA regarding the disposal of these boulders. Since the quantity of boulders excavated are much more than the required quantity for filling within sub-station therefore, a suitable disposal site needs to be identified and provided to contractor in order to ensure systematic disposal of excavated boulders. Unexpected excavation of boulders from 132/33 kV Lognak substation site 5.4.5 Inadequate Disposition of Borrow Area As mentioned earlier the tower/pole foundations involve excavations on small scale basis and the excavated soil is utilized for back filling. In case of substations, generally the sites are selected in such a manner that the volume of cutting is equal to volume of filling avoiding borrowing of the area. In the instant project also, the excavated material is disposed off in the same sub- station premises only. However, a quantity of 1066.215 m3 earth/ soil is required in 33/11 kV Padampukhri sub-station for which borrow area is yet to be finalized. If found suitable i.e. physical and financially viable than surplus boulders to be disposed off at 132/33 kV Longnak sub-station can be utilized at 33/11 kV Padampukhri sub-station. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.21 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.4.6 Protection of Worker's Health/Safety All health & safety issues and their management aspects are integral part of project/contract specific safety plan (Annexure VI), which is also part of contract conditions. Various aspects such as, work and safety regulations, workmen's compensation, insurance are adequately covered under the General Conditions of Contract (GCC), a part of bidding documents. Project is being executed as per the approved plan and is regularly monitored by dedicated Safety personnel. Moreover, for strict compliance of safety standard/plan a special provision as a deterrent has been added in the contract which provides for a heavy penalty of Rs.10 lakhs for each accidental death and Rs 1.0 lakh for each injury and is deducted from the contractor’s payment and paid to the deceased/affected family (Annexure VII). Additionally, work and safety regulations, workmen's compensation, insurance are adequately covered under the General Conditions of Contract (GCC), a part of bidding documents. The project authority ensures that all contractors are operating with valid labor license as per provision under section – 12(1) of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 and also certified under Section- 7(3) of the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act, 1996 from Ministry of Labour & Employment. Besides, the contractors have obtained requisite insurance policy as per provisions of Employee Compensation Act, 1923 for its employed workforce. Sample copy of labor license and insurance policy for workers is attached as Annexure VIII. During construction work, safety guidelines/checklists including work permits and safety precautions are being strictly followed which are also regularly monitored by site in-charge. Sample copy of filled checklist is enclosed as Annexure IX. Efforts are being made to hire labourers locally to the extent possible, else same have been outsourced. The workers have been provided with PPEs such as boots and helmets. Mock drills such as fire safety, first aid etc. are conducted periodically to enhance the preparedness level of the workforce. Safety induction & awareness programme including HIV/AID are also conducted at every active site. Safety film for transmission project in local language is shown to workers for better awareness. Proper drinking water has also been provided. First aid boxes and provisions for treatment in case of emergencies were arranged locally/ nearby towns. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.22 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Protection of Workers Health and Safety at various construction sites Lalmati (Zubza) Substation Secretariat Complex Substation Mokokchung (State) Substation Longtho Substation RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.23 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Wokha Substation Longnak Substation Padampukhri Substation RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.24 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Labour Camps at various Construction Sites Chiephobozou Substation Chukitong Substation Longnak Substation Secretariat Complex Substation Zunheboto Substation RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.25 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Health and Saftey Training Tool box talk at Padampukhri S/s Toll Box talk at Lalmati S/s Toll Box Talk at Pfutsero S/s Firefighting Training at Dimapur Training on Emergency preparedness Training on material handling Chiepobouzo S/s on 05.06.2018 World Environment Day Celebration RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.26 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Medical Health Check-up at Botsa S/s Medical Health Check-up at Lalmati S/s First Aid talk at Lalmati S/s Training on Height Work General Safety training at ITI Kohima S/s Training on Excavation & Material Handling at (Lalmati/Zubza) S/s RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.27 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland SAFETY INDUCTION TRAINING 220 kV S/C on D/C Tower New Kohima – Mokokchung T/L Longtho S/S 132 kV line at Zhadima RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.28 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland NATIONAL SAFETY WEEK CELEBRATION CBIS TRAINING RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.29 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland During site visit, it was observed that at some sites, condition of labour camps needs to be improved. It was observed at Chukitong site that labour camps are also being used for storing cement bags and other construction material which can cause serious respiratory problems to the labours. At Secretariat Complex and Longnak sites, lack of awareness regarding cleanliness of surrounding and lack of mechanism of disposal of solid waste was observed. Following photographs have been taken to highlight same. At all construction sites, supervisors/ engineers of contractor as well as IA staff were seen without any PPEs during construction and monitoring of the works. During consultation with labours and IA staff it was observed that workers at the site were not aware about their health and safety during construction. Also, it was observed at few places that labours avoid usage of PPEs as they consider it as hindrance in smooth conduction of construction activities. Labours were not aware about availability of first aid box at construction site. Similarly, records of labours’ health checkup were missing at most of the sites. These are due to the lack of induction and training programme as committed in Health and Safety Plan. IA staff and contractor informed that the group of labours/ gangs gets change frequently therefore it becomes difficult to impart with induction and training at regular basis as well provide with PPEs. Following photographs taken during the field visit demonstrate lack of use of PPEs at work sites. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.30 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Lack of use of PPEs Safety Plan (Annexure VI), an action plan to mitigate and manage such issues already forms an integral part of agreement/ contract conditions signed by the respective contractors. It is the duty of safety officer/ site in-charge/ IA to ensure that safety plan is being strictly followed to avoid any untoward incidence. The IA on their part carries out routine safety check/ audits, informs the contractor and seeks their compliance on the same. Similarly, based upon the field visit for the FEAR study and observations pertaining to safety related and other aspects made by the team, IA issued letter and sought clarifications from concerned contractor as reproduced below. It was observed that safety plan signed and submitted by contractor is RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.31 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland sufficient enough to avoid any untoward incidence and thus, any other additional action plan to mitigate and manage such issues may not be needed. Typical Letters/notices being issued by IA to Contractors RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.32 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM OPERATION 5.5.1 O&M Staff/Skills Less Than Acceptable Resulting in Variety of Adverse Effects The O& M program is normally implemented by substation personnel for both the lines as well as substations. Monitoring measures employed include patrolling and thermo-vision scanning. The supervisors and managers entrusted with O&M responsibilities are intensively trained for necessary skills and expertise for handling these aspects. A monthly preventive maintenance program is carried out to disclose problems related to cooling oil, gaskets, circuit breakers, vibration measurements, contact resistance, condensers, air handling units, electrical panels and compressors. Any sign of soil erosion is also reported and rectified. Monthly monitoring reports are generated and appraised to Management, including a report of corrective action taken and a schedule for future action. DPN follows the best international practices while designing its system to maintain acceptable prescribed Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) level. The ICNIRP guideline for acceptable EMF level for the general public (up to 24 hours a day) is a maximum exposure level of 1,000 mG or 100T. Further, because of health and safety issues such as fire safety, safe voltages on metallic parts of buildings, and safety clearances to avoid flashover, the transmission lines do not pass directly over any residential properties and as such the potential for EMF effects to occur is further diminished. Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) due to their high heat capacity, low flammability and low electrical conductivity were extensively used as insulating material in capacitors and transformers. But after the finding that these PCBs are non-biodegradable and have carcinogenic tendency, their use in electrical equipment as insulating medium has been banned all over the world long back. However, it has been reported in some studies that chances of contamination of oil with PCB is possible. Keeping that in mind, DPN has discontinued procurement of electrical equipment containing PCB more than 2 mg/kg and specification (as per IEC 61619 or ASTM D4059) is being stated in the tender document. Moreover, the subject scheme doesn’t involve replacement of any PCB containing equipment, hence no disposal of such equipment is anticipated. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.33 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.6 CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW CRITERIA 5.6.1 Loss of Irreplaceable Resources In the instant project none of the project elements encroach upon any forest area, protected areas, and ecologically sensitive areas hence, the problem of losing natural resources is not anticipated. 5.6.2 Accelerated Use of Resources for Short-term Gains The subprojects are not making use of any natural resources occurring in the area during construction and are not utilizing the same during maintenance phases. The construction material such as tower members, cement etc. are being sourced from factories while the excavated soil is being reused for backfilling to restore the surface. During construction of transmission line, very small quantity of water is required which is met from nearby existing source or through tankers. However, for substation water requirement is met mostly by ground water derived by digging a borewell during construction as well as for operational stage. Moreover, provision of rain water harvesting in all proposed substations under the present scheme has been made to conserve precious water resources and enhance the ground water level. The aggregates used for construction are already available within sub-station area due to cutting, thus no new borrow area will be created. Hence, it may be seen that the activities associated with implementation of subject project shall not cause any accelerated use of resources for short term gain. 5.6.3 Endangering of Species As described earlier, no endangered species of flora and fauna exist in the subprojects area is getting affected and considering aerial nature of transmission and distribution project, there is no possibility of endangering/ causing extinction of any species. 5.6.4 Promoting Undesirable Rural-to Urban Migration The subprojects will not cause loss of land holdings that normally trigger migration. It also does not involve resettlement due to acquisition of any private land holdings. Hence, there is no possibility of any migration. 5.7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION Public consultation/ information dissemination is a continuous process starting with the project conception and continues during project implementation and even during O&M stage. Public is informed about the project at every stage of execution. During survey, DPN & POWERGRID site officials met people and informed them about the routing of transmission and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.34 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland distribution lines. During the construction, every individual, on whose land tower is erected and people affected by RoW, were consulted. Apart from this, Public consultation using different technique like Public Meeting, Small Group Meeting, informal Meeting have been carried out during different activities of project cycle. During such consultation, the public is informed about the project in general and in particular about the following: • Complete project plan (i.e. its route and terminating point and substations, if any, in between); • Design standards in relation to approved international standards; • Health impacts in relation to EMF; • Measures taken to avoid public utilities such as school, hospitals, etc.; • Other impacts associated with transmission & distribution lines and DPN approach to minimizing and solving them; • Trees and crop compensation process. In the instant project also, many group meetings were organized (informally and formally) by IA & DPN in all villages where the interventions are happening. These meetings were attended by Village Panchayat members, senior/respected person of village, interested villagers/general public and representatives from DPN & IA. To ensure maximum participation, prior intimation in local language was given and such notices were also displayed at prominent places/panchayat office etc. During consultations/interaction processes with people of the localized areas, DPN field staffs explained benefit of the project, impacts of transmission line, payment of compensation for damaged of crops, trees, huts etc. as per The Indian Electricity Act, 2003 and The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and measures to avoid public utilities such as schools, hospital etc. People more or less welcomed the construction of the proposed project. Various issues inter alia raised by the people during public consultation and informal group meetings are as follows; • To involve village headman during survey work/finalization of line corridor; • To engage local people in various works associated with construction of line and if required proper training may be provided to engage them. • To provide flexibility in disbursement of compensation; • Direct payment of compensation to affected land owners and expeditious disbursement of compensation. Also, during site visits, consultations were conducted with various stake holders belonging to community and affected people. Target group included contractor, contractor’s labor, IA & DPN Staff and villagers as well as Municipal Corporation, Pfutsero. These consultations were carried out to capture the views of stakeholders about the project plan, design and layout of RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.35 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland the project, environmental and social impacts, compensation process, benefits or drawback of the project etc. It needs to be emphasized that public consultation was kept restricted due to the apprehensions of IA and contractors for security and other law & order related issues which were communicated and advised to field team at onset of field surveys itself and hence limited stakeholder consultations have been carried out. However, it was ensured that consultations representatively covered most stakeholders involved. Major findings of the consultations are summarized below: • People are well aware about the project, its various components and confirmed that IA & DPN informs about the project at every stage of execution. • Considering that the state of electricity supply in the state is very weak, people welcomed the project as it will not only improve overall power supply situation but will also improve reliability, quality, security and enhancement of power supply of the state. • People confirmed that IA & DPN are taking every step possible to avoid/ minimize the environmental and social impacts along the route of transmission lines and at site of sub stations. • People confirmed that community reserves, sacred groves and community conserved areas are completely avoided while finalizing the route of lines. • People also confirmed that their common property resources such as cemetery, school, community hall, habitation areas etc. have been completely avoided while finalizing the route of lines. • People informed that staff of IA/ contractor are easily approachable and are very open to address their grievances. As a result, no written grievance has been received till date. • People are very much happy with the rate of compensation being given to them and they are being involved in the process of deciding the rate of compensation. • People confirmed that there is no disturbance of any sort to their life/ livelihood due to the construction or various other activities being carried out under the project. • Stakeholder at Longnak informed that due to the construction of new substation, a small irrigation channel from nearby nala to their agricultural field was getting affected. However, on their request, IA assured that not only construction activities avoid disturbance to irrigation channel; it also ensures to train the channel. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.36 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • Stakeholder at Old Lizo village near Zunheboto informed that they welcomed the proposal of IA to upgrade the existing footpath to approach road. This upgradation will provide them with better accessibility to their agricultural fields. • No cases of conflict between migrant and local population has been reported till date. • Execution of project work provides opportunities to local contractors to get involved in construction, fabrication, transportation etc. activities. • Most of the sub-contracts are awarded/ being awarded to local peoples. • Contractor prefer and engage local peoples for skilled and unskilled works • Local villagers rented out their buildings to contractor and IA for temporary offices and staff quarters in local that helps in income generation • Wherever possible contractor and IA purchase daily need requirements for local vendors and shopkeepers that helps in economic upliftment of the area • The contractor labor informed that they have been provided with PPEs such as boots and helmets. • Mock drills such as fire safety, first aid etc. are conducted periodically to enhance the preparedness level. Safety induction & awareness programme including HIV/AID are also conducted. Safety film for transmission project in local language is shown for better awareness. • Migrant labors confirmed that they have been provided with camps and all basic facilities such as food, fuel, proper drinking water etc. They also confirmed that they do not source fuel wood from the forest areas. • First aid boxes and provisions for treatment in case of emergencies are arranged locally/ nearby towns. • It was revealed that contractor and IA work with close coordination with village heads and community to avoid any misunderstanding during work Details of public consultation meetings carried out during site visit and public consultation using different technique like Public Meeting, Small Group Meeting, informal Meeting undertaken by IA & DPN including minutes of meeting, list of participants and photographs are enclosed as Annexure X. 5.8 COMPLIANCE OF EMP The IA has a continuous monitoring mechanism of the project w.r.t. compliance of the mandatory requirements as stipulated in the IEAR. As many RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.37 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland provisions of EMP related to construction contractor, EMP has been made integral part of contract document for its proper implementation by contractor/sub-contractor. Thus, the adherence to the clauses by the contractor is regularly monitored especially in respect of various implementation E & S measures including health and safety aspects. As part of the present study, mitigation measures as stipulated in the IEAR have been critically assessed/evaluated for compliance through physical inspection, verification of record/ documents/ drawing, interaction with project officials/contractor/ villagers/construction workers and PRA etc. Based on above, a detailed compliance status w.r.t. each identified impacts enlisted in EMP have been prepared and is presented in Table 5.5. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.38 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Table 5.5: Environment Monitoring Plan Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. Pre-Construction Complied with. Location of overhead line Route alignment criterion is part of survey Setback of dwellings to overhead line route towers/ poles/ underground contract wherein all statutory Electrical Exposure to safety designed in accordance with permitted level 1 distribution lines and clearances as stipulated under CEA’s related risks of power frequency and the regulation of alignment regulations, 2010 (Measures related to supervision at sites. & design safety & electric supply) are considered/ ensured. Complied with. Part of technical specification of PCBs not used in substation transformers or transformer. PCB is not used or non- other project facilities or equipment. detectable level (i.e. less than 2mg/kg) as Release of chemicals and per IEC 61619 or ASTM D4059 Equipment specifications and 2 gases in receptors (air, Processes, equipment and systems not to Complied with. design parameters water, land) use chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), including CFC free equipment is part of tender halon, and their use, if any, in existing specifications processes and systems should be phased out and to be disposed of in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Government Complied with. DPN follows the best international practices while designing its system to maintain Exposure to Line design to comply with the limits of Transmission/ Distribution line acceptable prescribed Electro Magnetic Field 3 electromagnetic electromagnetic interference from overhead design (EMF) level. The ICNIRP guideline for interference power lines acceptable EMF level for the general public (up to 24 hours a day) is a maximum exposure level of 1,000 mG or 100T. Complied with. Transformers with maximum noise emitting Design of plant enclosures to comply with 4 Substation location and design Exposure to noise level of 75 dB specified in tender noise regulations. specifications. Sound proof enclosures used for D.G sets RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.39 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. Careful selection of site to avoid Complied with. encroachment of socially, culturally and No encroachment of any socially sensitive archaeological sensitive areas (i. g. sacred areas due to proposed substations. Social inequities groves, graveyard, religious worship place, monuments etc.) Complied with. Avoidance of such water bodies to the Part of detailed alignment survey and extent possible. Avoidance of placement of Impact on water bodies design. tower inside water bodies to the extent of possible No tower/pole located in water bodies. Complied with. Careful route selection to avoid existing Part of detailed tower/pole alignment settlements and sensitive locations survey design. Complied with. Though major section of proposed lines are Location of overhead line routed through agricultural land in order to towers/poles/ laying of avoid impact on environmentally/ socially 5 underground distribution line sensitive areas, efforts such as scheduling of Minimise impact on agricultural land & alignment and design construction lean/ post-harvest period, Social inequities consultation with local authorities/ autonomous councils etc. are being made to minimize impacts on agricultural land/produce to the extent possible Careful selection of site and route Complied with. alignment to avoid encroachment of All settlements & ecologically sensitive areas socially, culturally and archaeological avoided. sensitive areas (i. e. sacred groves, graveyard, religious worship place, monuments etc.) Involuntary acquisition or Since no involuntary acquisition of land is Compensation and R&R measures as per 6 permanent land acquisition for Social inequities involved, there is no R&R issue. provision of RFCTLARRA, 2013 substation. 7 Line through protected area/ Loss of precious Avoid siting into such areas by careful site Complied with. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.40 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. precious ecological area ecological values/ and alignment selection (National Parks, Part of detailed siting and alignment damage to precious Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves/ survey/design. All such areas are avoided species Biodiversity Hotspots) Minimize the need by using RoW wherever possible Study of earmarked elephant corridors to Not Applicable as there are no wildlife avoid such corridors, Adequate ground corridors clearance, Fault clearing by Circuit Breaker, Barbed wire wrapping on towers, reduced Line through identified spans etc., if applicable Damage to the Wildlife/ 8 Elephant corridor / Migratory Avoidance of established/ identified Complied with. Birds and also to line bird migration path (Birds & Bats). Provision of Bird guard/ anti perch devices are part of flight diverter/reflectors, Bird guard, BoQ and also integral part of tower design. elevated perches, insulating jumper loops, obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable Complied with. Avoid siting of line by careful site and As part of detailed siting and alignment alignment selection survey, forest areas have been completely avoided. Complied with. Minimise the need by using existing Tower extensions of 3-9 m have been Deforestation and loss of towers, tall towers and RoW, wherever 9 Line through forestland provided to reduce tree felling, wherever biodiversity, edge effect possible needed Measures to avoid invasion of alien species Invasion of alien species not anticipated Obtain statutory clearances from the Not applicable as there is no involvement of Government forest land Consultation with autonomous councils Complied with. wherever required Use existing tower or footings wherever Not applicable Loss of agricultural possible 10 Lines through farmland production/ change in Complied with. Avoid siting new towers on farmland cropping pattern Part of detailed sitting and alignment survey. wherever feasible Though it is unavoidable but efforts have RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.41 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. been made to minimized the impact/loss of production Complied with. Part of detailed equipment design. Substations are appropriately sited and Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to ensure 11 Noise related away from settlement area. Transformers neighbouring properties noise will not be a nuisance with maximum noise emitting level of 75 dB and DG set with proper enclosures are part of equipment specification/ design criteria. Complied with. Interference with drainage Flooding hazards/ loss of Appropriate sitting of towers to avoid Part of detailed alignment survey, 12 patterns/Irrigation channels agricultural production channel interference Interference with drainage patterns/ irrigation channels not anticipated Complied with. Transformers designed with oil spill Part of detailed equipment design containment systems, and purpose-built oil, /drawings. Designed with oil spill lubricant and fuel storage system, complete containment systems having sump of with spill cleanup equipment. capacity of 200% of oil volume of largest 13 Escape of polluting materials Environmental pollution transformer Complied with. Substations to include drainage and sewage Proper drainage and sewage system are part disposal systems to avoid offsite land and of detailed substation layout and design water pollution. /drawings based on site condition. Complied with. Substations constructed above the high Equipment submerged under Contamination of Part of detailed substation layout and design 14 flood level (HFL) by raising the foundation flood receptors /drawings. All substations are being pad constructed above HFL. Complied with. Design of substations to include modern Part of detailed substation layout and design firefighting equipment /drawings. Compliance assured by site Explosions 15 Hazards to life manager /Fire Complied with. Provision of firefighting equipment to be Part of detailed substation layout and design located close to transformers /drawings. Compliance assured by site RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.42 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. manager Construction Complied with (Refer Section 5.3.5). Construction techniques and machinery Noise produced by concrete mixing Equipment layout and 16 Noise and vibrations selection seeking to minimize ground equipment and excavators are temporary installation disturbance. and confined to day time only. No ground disturbance observed. Complied with (Refer Section 5.2.5). Excavations not done during monsoon which is the cropping period. However, full Construction activities on cropping land compensation as per assessment of revenue Disturbed farming timed to avoid disturbance of field crops authorities are being paid to land owner/ 17 Physical construction activity (within one month of harvest wherever farmer by IA/DPN in case of inevitable possible). damages. Till date no grievance has been received in this regard Complied with (Refer Section 5.3.5). Some noise is unavoidable during day time but no noise at night as no work is being Noise, vibration and undertaken at night. Noise levels’ Construction equipment to be well operator safety, efficient measurements are done regularly by IA & maintained. 18 Mechanized construction operation Construction contractor. Noise level measured during site visits to all active sites found to be within permissible limits (<75 dB). Noise, vibration, Complied with. Turning off plant not in use. equipment wear and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.43 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. tear Complied with. Existing roads and tracks are being used for Existing roads and tracks used for construction and maintenance. However, Increase in airborne dust construction and maintenance access to the only road widening works is needed from particles line wherever possible. Old Lizo village to New 132/33 kV Substation Zunheboto. Water sprinkling will be done whenever required. Construction of roads for 19 accessibility Complied with. Most of the tower locations are easily Increased land accessible through existing roads/ paths. All requirement New access ways restricted to a single substations sites are located close to existing for temporary carriageway width within the RoW. road. However, only road widening works is accessibility needed from Old Lizo village to New 132/33 kV Substation Zunheboto. Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.2). Coordination with local communities for Excavated areas are barricaded and Safety of construction schedules, Barricading the restriction to enter work site during local villagers construction area and spreading awareness construction strictly followed at most of the among locals sites. 20 Construction activities Complied with. Most of the tower/pole locations are in Coordination with local authority/ requisite farm/barren land. Hence, no traffic Local traffic obstruction permission for smooth flow of traffic obstruction is witnessed. For substation location, smooth traffic flow is ensured by project authorities/contractor in close co- ordination with local authorities wherever RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.44 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. necessary. Complied with (Refer Section 5.3.5). No dumping is observed. All overburden is managed optimally by reutilizing it as fill materials. However, a seasonal nala is being Overflows, reduced Measure in place to avoid dumping of fill blocked during construction of 33/11 kV S/s 21 Temporary blockage of utilities discharge materials in sensitive drainage area at Mokokchung Hospital Area as a repercussion of dumping. However, IA assured that as proposed in design, a retaining wall will be constructed along the S/s boundary at the right bank of nala. Prior to undertaking clearance, marking has been undertaken to ensure minimal removal of vegetation during detailed survey. Marking of vegetation to be removed prior to clearance, and strict control on clearing 22 Site clearance Vegetation Minimum trees will be felled for activities to ensure minimal clearance. construction of T&D network and new DMS and Transmission S/s. (Refer Section 4.6.4) No use of herbicides and pesticides Not Applicable Trees allowed growing up to a height within The work is yet to start. the RoW by maintaining adequate clearance Fire hazards between the top of tree and the conductor To be complied during stringing work to as per the regulations. maintain safe electrical clearance as per applicable norms (CEA’s regulations, 2010 Trimming 23 Trees that can survive pruning to comply (Measures related to safety & electric /cutting of trees within RoW should be pruned instead of cleared. supply)). Loss of vegetation and deforestation Felled trees and other cleared or pruned Felled trees are handed over to land owner. vegetation to be disposed of as authorized IA/DPN have no role in storage or disposal of by the statutory bodies. felled trees/wood RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.45 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. Not fully complied with. Construction workers prohibited from harvesting wood in the project area during Loss of vegetation and Cooking Gas/ fuel wood is being provided by 24 Wood/ vegetation harvesting their employment, (apart from locally deforestation the Contractor. However, workers use felled employed staff continuing current legal trees/shrubs also. activities) Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.1). Soil excavated from tower footings/ Runoff to cause water Soil backfilled and excess spread out evenly substation foundation disposed of by 25 Surplus earthwork/soil pollution, solid waste and compacted. Excavated soil was properly placement along roadsides, or at nearby disposal stored and no dumping observed in visited house blocks if requested by landowners sites/ location. Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.1 & 5.4.4). Loss of soil is not a major issue as excavated soil will be mostly reused for filling. Excavated soil used optimally for backfilling However, in case of requirement of excess and distribution within the substations’ Loss of soil soil the same will be met from existing boundary is adequate. No additional quarry or through deep excavation of requirements of soil observed for any existing pond or other nearby barren land 26 Substation construction substations. with agreement of local communities Complied with Construction activities involving significant ground disturbance (i.e. substation land Water pollution No construction during monsoons. No forming) not undertaken during the seepage or water pollution observed monsoon season Tree clearances for easement establishment to only involve cutting trees off at ground Complied with/to be complied 27 Site clearance Vegetation level or pruning as appropriate, with tree stumps and roots left in place and ground cover left undisturbed Substation foundation/ Tower Excessfill from substation/tower foundation Complied/ to be complied (Refer Section 28 erection disposal of surplus Waste disposal excavation disposed of next to roads or 5.4.1 & 5.4.4) earthwork/fill around houses, in agreement with the local RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.46 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. community or landowner Excavated soil optimally used. Backfilling and spreading of excess soil within substation area assured by project authorities. Proper compliance to be ensured. Contamination of Storage of chemicals and Fuel and other hazardous materials securely 29 receptors (land, water, materials stored above high flood level. To be stored in designated area inside the air) premise at most sites. Complied with Construction activities only undertaken Noise nuisance to 30 Construction schedules during the day and local communities neighbouring properties Construction in day time only informed of the construction schedule. Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.6). Contamination of Construction workforce facilities to include Provision of facilities for However, there is scope for further 31 receptors (land, water, proper sanitation, water supply and waste construction workers improvement in improving the living air) disposal facilities. conditions of workers Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.6). Conflict with local 32 Influx of migratory workers population to share local Using local workers for appropriate asks Local workforces have been given resources preference based on skill levels. Use existing access roads wherever possible Complied with. Ensure existing irrigation facilities are maintained in working condition Observation already provided at Clause no Loss of agricultural Protect /preserve tops soil and reinstate 19 above. productivity after construction completed Repair/restoration done immediately 33 Lines through farmland wherever required. Repair /reinstate damaged bunds etc. after Till date no grievance has been received in construction completed this regard. Land owners/ Farmers compensated for any Compensation for land and damage to Social inequities temporary loss of productive land as per crop/tree etc. is being paid to land owner RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.47 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. existing regulation. after assessment by revenue authorities. It is suggested that project authorities expedite process for early payment Need for access tracks minimised, use of Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.1). existing roads. Limit site clearing to work areas Observation already provided at Clause no Regeneration of vegetation to stabilise 19 above. Uncontrolled erosion/silt Soil loss, downstream 34 works areas on completion (where Construction during monsoon avoided as far runoff siltation applicable) as possible. Avoidance of excavation in wet season Water courses protected from siltation through use of bunds and sediment ponds Contract clauses specifying careful Complied with (Refer Section 5.4.2). construction practices. As much as possible existing access ways will Good construction practices with proper Losses to neighbouring be used scheduling of construction activities land uses/ values observed in all active sites. No major 35 Nuisance to nearby properties Productive land will be reinstated following deviation with respect to contract conditions completion of construction by the contractor found/reported Compensation will be paid for loss of Observation already provided at Clause no Social inequities production, if any. 34 above. Flooding hazards due to Flooding and loss of Avoid natural drainage pattern/ facilities Observation already provided at Clause no 36 construction impediments of soils, contamination of being disturbed/blocked/ diverted by 21 above. natural drainage receptors (land, water) ongoing construction activities Complied with Equipment submerged under Contamination of Equipment stored at secure place above the 37 flood receptors (land, water) high flood level (HFL) Substations are constructed above HFL Complied with. Existing borrow sites will be used to source Inadequate siting of borrow 38 Loss of land values aggregates, therefore, no need to develop No new site is being developed for areas (quarry areas) new sources of aggregates aggregates. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.48 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. Safety equipment’s (PPEs) for construction Not fully complied with (Refer Section 5.4.6) workers Contract provisions specifying minimum Safety equipment available but often not requirements for construction camps used by workers. Worker facilities/camp Contractor to prepare and implement a available but needs further improvement Injury and sickness of with respect to sanitation. Health & safety 39 Health and safety workers and members of health and safety plan. plan in place, however proper the public implementation needs to be ensured. No Contractor to arrange for health and major accident/incident reported for any safety training sessions site till date. More training to be conducted to create awareness on use of PPEs /safety gear. Training of environmental monitoring More specific and periodic awareness/ personnel training on IEAR, ESPPF etc. requirements Implementation of effective environmental for effective implementation/ monitoring of monitoring and reporting system using provisions of IEAR, ESPPF and contract Inadequate construction stage Likely to maximise checklist of all contractual environmental conditions to achieve 100% compliance. 40 monitoring damages requirements Appropriate contact clauses to ensure It is suggested to deploy more satisfactory implementation of contractual environmental professionals for effective environmental mitigation measures. environmental monitoring and reporting system. Operation and Maintenance 41 Location of line towers/poles Exposure to safety Setback of dwellings to overhead line route Not applicable at present. Pertain to and overhead/ underground related risks designed in accordance with permitted level Operation & Maintenance period only line alignment & design of power frequency and the regulation of supervision at sites. 42 Line through identified bird Injury/ mortality to birds, Avoidance of established/ identified flyways, migratory path bats etc. due to collision migration path (Birds & Bats). Provision of and electrocution flight diverter/reflectors, elevated perches, insulating jumper loops, obstructive perch deterrents, raptor hoods etc., if applicable 43 Equipment submerged under Contamination of Equipment installed above the high flood flood receptors (land, water) level (HFL) by raising the foundation pad. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.49 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. 44 Oil spillage Contamination of Substation transformers located within land/nearby water secure and impervious sump areas with a bodies storage capacity of at least 100% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. 45 SF6 Emission of most potent Reduction of SF6 emission through management GHG causing climate awareness, replacement of old seals, proper change handling & storage by controlled inventory and use, enhance recovery and applying new technologies to reduce leakage 46 Inadequate provision of Injury and sickness of Careful design using appropriate staff/workers health and staff /workers technologies to minimise hazards safety during operations Safety awareness raising for staff. Preparation of fire emergency action plan and training given to staff on implementing emergency action plan Provide adequate sanitation and water supply facilities 47 Electric Shock Hazards Injury/ mortality to staff Careful design using appropriate and public technologies to minimise hazards Security fences around substations Barriers to prevent climbing on/ dismantling of transmission Appropriate warning signs on facilities Electricity safety awareness raising in project areas 48 Operations and maintenance Unnecessary Adequate training in O&M to all relevant staff skills less than acceptable environmental losses of staff of substations & transmission/ various types distribution line maintenance crews. Preparation and training in the use of O&M manuals and standard operating practices 49 Inadequate periodic Diminished ecological Staff to receive training in environmental environmental monitoring. and social values. monitoring of project operations and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.50 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Cl. Compliance Status Project activity/ stage Potential impact Proposed mitigation measures No. maintenance activities. 50 Equipment specifications and Release of chemicals and Processes, equipment and systems using design parameters gases in receptors (air, cholofluorocarbons (CFCs), including halon, water, land) should be phased out and to be disposed of in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Govt. 51 Transmission/ distribution line Exposure to Transmission/ distribution line design to maintenance electromagnetic comply with the limits of electromagnetic interference interference from overhead power lines 52 Uncontrolled growth of Fire hazard due to Periodic pruning of vegetation to maintain vegetation growth of tree/shrub requisite electrical clearance. /bamboo along RoW No use of herbicides/ pesticides 53 Noise related Nuisance to Substations sited and designed to ensure neighbouring properties noise will not be a nuisance. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.51 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland 5.9 CONCLUSIONS It is vivid from the above discussion that all transmission & distribution line routes and substations location have been selected judiciously by considering the technical, environmental, socio-economic aspects. Though some changes in line length & route alignment have been observed in transmission /distribution lines as compared to IEAR scope but as a result careful route selection IA could able to avoid ecologically & socially sensitive areas including forest, protected areas, PCR etc. completely in all the lines and substations being implemented under this project. The provisions of IEAR & EMP are being implemented at ground level and strict compliance by construction contractors is ensured through regular monitoring by IA. So far, no major impacts apart from earlier identified impacts are anticipated due to such changes in scope. Besides, all other applicable laws/rules/regulations of the country & funding agencies are being complied with and till date no violation/ penalty with respect to contravention of any regulations has been reported. During assessment, it has also been observed that so far, the project has achieved zero fatality with no major non- compliance of EMP/Contract provisions as stipulated in IEAR, which is an indicative of the strict vigil of the IA. It has also emerged from the survey & PRA exercise that the PAPs were appreciative of the project and hoped that the power scenario would improve after commissioning of the project. Local people also benefited through project related employment that was being generated. However, following suggestions may be considered to further improve the safeguard measures and also enhance the environmental sustainability of project. • During the construction phase, the implementing agency needs to ensure strict compliance of the contract provisions/EMP by Contractor especially in respect of workers health and safety. • Along with labours, supervisors, engineers and Staff of Implementing Agency (IA) should also need to follow the health and safety precautions. • Need of regular induction and training program for labours and engineers at all sites. • Training for PMU staff regarding monitoring and implantation of EMP as proposed in IEAR. It is suggested to deploy more environmental professionals for effective environmental monitoring and reporting system. • Lack of coordination between IA officers and contractors regarding implementation of Health and Safety Plan. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.52 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland • Records of labour registration, health checkup of labours and other working staff need to be maintained at all sites and strictly monitoring to avoid engagement of child labour. • Training and awareness regarding cleanliness and solid waste disposal to maintain the hygiene in the labour camps and construction sites. • Demarcation and protection for sites where work has been on hold due to various reasons to avoid accidents and runoff of excavated soil from construction sites • Project staff of the implementing agency should be well versed with the contents of the IEAR so as to ensure proper compliance by the contractors. Overall, the commissioning of the project will augment the power distribution and availability in the region which will further catalyze economic activity and development of the area/region. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 5.53 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Chapter MONITORING AND ORGANIZATION 6 SUPPORT STRUCTURE For smooth implementation of this project, following administrative and functional set up have been institutionalized for project implementation, review and monitoring etc. 6.1 ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENT FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU) - A body responsible for coordinating the preparation and implementation of the project housed within the IA’s offices at Guwahati. The “Project-In-Charge” of IA & Head of each of the SPCU shall be a member of CPIU. State Project Coordination Unit (SPCU) – A body formed by the State Utility and responsible for coordinating with IA in preparing and implementing the project at the State level. It consists of experts across different areas from the Utility headed by an officer of the rank not below Chief Engineer, from the Utility. Project Implementation Unit (PIU) – A body formed by the IA, including members of Utility on deputation, and responsible for implementing the Project across the State, with its personnel being distributed over the work site/s & operating in close association with the SPCU/ CPIU. PIU reports to the State level “Project Manager” nominated by the Project-in-Charge of IA. The IA has a Core team stationed at the CPIU on a permanent basis, and other IA officers (with required skills) make visits as and when required by this core team. This team represents IA is responsible for all coordination with SPCU, PIU, within IA and MoP, GoI. CPIU also assists MoP, GoI in monitoring project progress and coordination with The Bank. 6.2 REVIEW OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS To enable timely implementation of the project/subprojects, following committee has been set up to review the progress; A. Joint Co-ordination Committee (JCC): IA and SPCU nominate their representatives in a body called JCC to review the project. IA specifies quarterly milestones or targets, which are reviewed by JCC through a formal monthly review meeting. This meeting forum is called as Joint Co- ordination Committee Meeting (JCCM). The IA convenes & keeps record of every meeting. MoP, GoI and The Bank join in as and when needed. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.1 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland B. High Power Committee (HPC): The Utility in consultation with its State Government has constituted a High Power Committee (HPC) consisting of high level officials from the Utility, State/ District Administration, Law enforcement agencies, Forest Department, etc. so that various permission/ approvals/ consents/ clearances etc. are processed expeditiously so as to reach the benefits of the Project to the end consumers. HPC meets on bimonthly basis or earlier, as per requirement. This forum is called as High Power Committee Meeting (HPCM) and the SPCU keeps records of every meeting. Minutes of the meeting will be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. C. Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM): Periodic Review Meeting is held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and if required with core team of IA at Guwahati. These meetings are called “Contractor’s Review Meeting” (CRM). PIU shall keep a record of all CRMs, which shall be shared with all concerned and if required, with GoI and The Bank. D. Review meetings are held among MoP, GoI, The Bank, State Government, Utility and IA, at four (4) months interval or earlier if needed, primarily to maintain oversight at the top level, and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. Minutes of the meeting shall be prepared by IA and shared with all concerned. 6.3 E&S MONITORING The arrangement for monitoring and reviewing of project from the perspective of environment and social management forms part of overall arrangements for project management and implementation environment. Environmental monitoring is a continuous process throughout the Project life cycle starting from site selection to construction and maintenance stage. As IA, POWERGRID endeavours to implement the project in close coordination with the respective state power utilities and departments. POWERGRID has been implementing the project based on the Implementation/Participation agreements that were signed separately between POWERGRID and the Power utilities. The IA has appointed dedicated Environment Officer in each state including Nagaland to oversee the E&S management. Besides, DPN also has a separate cell at the Circle office level namely Environment and Social Management Unit (ESMU) headed by Chief Engineer (Power) for proper implementation and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.2 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland monitoring of environmental & social management measures. Apart from day to day E&S monitoring other major responsibilities are; • Coordinating environmental and social commitments and initiatives with various multilateral agencies, MoEF&CC and Govt. of Nagaland. • Coordination of all environmental activities related to a project from conceptualization to operation and maintenance stage. • Advising site offices to follow-up with the state forest offices and other state departments for expediting forest clearances and other E&S issues of various projects. • Providing a focal point for interaction with the MoEF&CC for expediting forest clearances • Training of Circle and Site officials on E&S issues arising out of Transmission/Distribution projects and their management plan. • Training of other departments to familiarize them with the ESPP document. Additionally, Field In-Charge reviews the progress on daily basis and periodic review by higher management including review by Heads of SPCU and CPIU undertaken wherein apart from construction issues the environmental aspects of the projects are discussed and remedial measures taken wherever required. Besides, Periodic Contractor’s Review Meeting (CRM) are being held by officials of PIU with Contractors at field offices, State Head Quarters (PIU location) and with CPIU at Guwahati for better co-ordination and resolution any pending issues. The World Bank mission team also visits various sites every six months to review the progress status including ground level implementation of safeguard measures. Any observation/agreed action plan suggested by the Bank is religiously complied in time bound manner. Additionally, review meeting among MoP, GoI, The Bank, State Governments., Utility and IA being held periodically to maintain oversight at the top level and also to debottleneck issues that require intervention at GoI/ State Government level. The Capacity building and Institutional Strengthening program of the IA is held intermittently to enhance the skills of the project officials. Besides, separate E&S training are also organized for Official of State Utility under Capacity Building & Institutional Strengthening (CBIS) programme. Further, State utility meetings between IA and DPN are held on a monthly/ bimonthly basis to assess the work progress and difficulties encountered in respect of land acquisition, RoW and compensation if any. The IA has a continuous monitoring mechanism of the project w.r.t. compliance of the mitigation measures as stipulated in the IEAR. Thus, the RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.3 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland adherences to the clauses by the contractors are regularly monitored especially in respect of various implementations of E&S measures including health and safety aspects. Due to such strong institutional support structure coupled with monitoring mechanism in place, no major non-compliance was observed/reported during the implementation of projects till date. The project has so far had zero fatality which is indicative of the strict vigil of the IA. During the present study, it was observed that mitigation measures as suggested in IEAR are mostly complied with even though some gaps were found with respect to proper documentation and condition of labour camp at one of the DMS sub-station. 6.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM (GRM) Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is an integral and important mechanism for addressing/resolving the concern and grievances in a transparent and swift manner. In accordance with the provision in ESPPF, Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) have to be constituted in Nagaland both at the project/site level and at Corporate/HQ. This GRC is aimed to provide a trusted way to voice and resolve environment & social concerns of the project, and to address the concerns of the affected person/community in a time bound manner without impacting project implementation. The flow chart showing Grievance Redressal Mechanism is presented below. Complainant/ Appellant On the spot/minor Not Addressed Grievance Resolution Project/ Site Office Grievance Redressal Grievance Addressed Committee Grievance Resolution HQ GRC DC/ DM Court of Law The above referred GRCs are meant to act as supplement/ complement and in no way substitute the legal systems, especially embedded within RFCTLARR Act 2013, The Electricity Act, 2003, and Right to Information Act. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.4 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland However, till date, Corporate/HQ level GRC have not been constituted by SPCU. Similarly, out of the required 7 site level GRCs in the sub-project districts only 2 site level GRCs have been constituted by SPCU. Moreover, these 2-site level GRC don’t have representatives from local administration, village panchayat, affected persons representatives, reputed persons from the society etc. PIU vide its Letter No. NERPSIP/KOH/5000/08/2018-18/1316 dated 22/03/2019 has requested SPCU for formation of all the GRCs with required members. Letter regarding constitution of site level GRC is given as Figure 6.1. Figure 6.1: Constitution of Site Level GRC, NERPSIP, Nagaland RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.5 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Apart from above, grievance redressal is in built in crop/tree/tower footing compensation process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. Grievances received towards compensation are generally addressed in open forum and in the presence of many witnesses. Process of spot verification and random checking by the district collector/ its authorized representative also provides forum for raising the grievance towards any irregularity/complain. Moreover, DPN & POWERGRID officials also address to the complaints of affected farmers and the same are forwarded to revenue official for doing the needful, if required. It may also be noted that concerns of public are addressed regularly through public consultation process which started from project planning to construction and will be continued in operation and maintenance also. Besides, many concerns/grievances from affected persons/public have been received by Site Offices which are also regularly tracked for early resolution. However, it has been observed that most of them were minor in nature and RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.6 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland were resolved instantly and amicably by Site Officials after discussion & deliberation with affected person/ in consultation of revenue/district officials. 6.4.1 Grievances Received & Resolved Till date only verbal grievances have been received at site during project execution. Details of grievances/ complaints received up to Jan., 2020 are given in Table 6.1. Table 6.1: Details of Grievances/ Complaints Name of the Date of S. Name of Main Issue of Status of Subproject Location complaints No. complainants Complaints complaint /State A. Court Cases No Court Case has been registered so far against any subprojects under NERPSIP B. Written Complaints No written complaint has been received so far C. Verbal Complaints Discussed New 33/11 Kv Visakuolie with DoP, 1 S/s at Chiephobozou Kiewhuo 06.06.2018 Road Condition regarding Chiephobozou (Villager) repairing the road. Issue New 33/11 Kv Nearest resolved 2 S/s at Sechu- Zubza Church 04.06.2018 Power cut through Zubza authorities discussion Complain Dr. Ropfu Dolie Regarding Road resolved 3 Botsa 01.03.2018 (PHC) Block within 3 hours. 33/11 Kv Discussed Aug./Ext. S/s at with con. Botsa Villagers of Fencing the S/s Agency they 4 Botsa 07.05.2018 Botsa Surrounding will take necessary action. New 33/11Kv Unpleasant Resolved 5 S/s at Padampukhri 18.07.2018 sound during through Padampukhri construction discussion New 132Kv S/C New Kohima- Compensation Resolved New Secretariat related issue through 6 Zhadima (AP-21) Neizolie Loueii 13.01.2019 complex (for trees & discussion Transmission Land Area) (meeting) Line Unpleasant Local villagers sound during Resolved 33/11KV S/S at 7 Lalmati of Lalmati 02.02.2019 four-pole through Lalmati (Zubza) structure discussion foundation RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.7 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Final Environment Assessment Report - 1, Nagaland Name of the Date of S. Name of Main Issue of Status of Subproject Location complaints No. complainants Complaints complaint /State casting (Night time at 8PM). Proposal for payment of New 132Kv S/C Concerned compensatio New Kohima- land owners of n for 09 New Secretariat Compensation 8 Zhadima Loc no 01 to 28 06.06.2019 location has complex related issue of Zhadima forwarded to Transmission village Guwahati for Line further process New 220kV New Ehunny, AP-113 Village council 10.07.2019 Without Resolved Kohima to to 121 of Ehunnu concern of land through Mokokchung via owners discussion Wokha NAG- contractor (other than 9 TW-01 damage the RoW area standing will be property for compensated approach road by contractor. New 132Kv S/C Zhadima, AP-24 Concerned 14.10.2019 Approach road Land owners New Kohima- land owners of issue were assured New Secretariat Loc 24 of that the complex Zhadima approach 10 Transmission village road making Line NAG-TW-05 will be handled by the M/S SPIL. 132kV Kohima Phezha AP-01 MEDOSAO 21.10.2019 RoW (not Negotiation to Wokha NAG- SEMOU allowing line to under 11 TW-06 pass through his Progress property) New 132Kv S/C Zhadima, AP- 1. Visazolie 08.11.2019 Approach road Land owners New Kohima- 24,21,22,20,19 2. issue were assured New Secretariat Thekruneilhou that the complex 3. Neizelie approach 12 Transmission 4. road making Line NAG-TW-05 Khriesamhalie will be 5. Neisakhotuo handled by 6. Neizelie the M/S SPIL. RS Envirolink Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 6.8 ANNEXURE I List of Angiosperm Annexure I List of Angiosperms Family Name of species Family Name of species Acanthaceae Eranthemum pulchellum Convolvulaceae Argyreia argentea Acanthaceae Justicia mollissima Cucurbitaceae Hodgsonia heteroclita Acanthaceae Strobilanthes coloratus Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes cordata Acanthaceae Strobilanthes hamiltoniana Cyperaceae Cyperus exaltatus Acanthaceae Thunbergia coccinea Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Altingiaceae Altingia excelsa Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Dipterocarpaceae Shorea assamica Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album Euphorbiaceae Balakata baccatum Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Anacardiaceae Rhus chinensis Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Anacradiaceae Mangifera sylvatica Euphorbiaceae Macaranga denticulata Annonaceae Fissistigma polyanthum Euphorbiaceae Macaranga grandiflora Apiaceae Centella asiatica Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Apiaceae Eryngium foetidum Euphorbiaceae Sauropus androgynus Araceae Alocasia fallax Euphorbiaceae Mallotus albus Araceae Arisaema concinnum Fabaceae Acacia pennata Araceae Colocasia forniculata Fabaceae Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Araceae Lasia spinosa Fabaceae Albizia chinensis Araliaceae Brassaiopsis glomerulata Fabaceae Albizia lucidior Araliaceae Brassaiopsis hainla Fabaceae Albizia procera Arecaceae Areca catechu Fabaceae Bauhinia purpurea Arecaceae Calamus erectus Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata Arecaceae Calamus floribundus Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida Arecaceae Calamus tenuis Fabaceae Dalbergia pinnata Arecaceae Trachycarpus martianus Fabaceae Derris scandens Asparagaceae Asparagus racemosus Fabaceae Entada rheedii Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Fabaceae Erythrina variegata Asteraceae Artemisia nilagirica Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Asteraceae Bidens pilosa Fabaceae Parkia timoriana Asteraceae Chromolaena odoratum Fagaceae Castanopsis indica Asteraceae Mikania micrantha Juglandaceae Engelhardtia spicata Asteraceae Parthenium hysteropharus Lamiaceae Callicarpa arborea Balsaminaceae Impatiens bicornuta Lamiaceae Elsholtzia blanda Begoniaceae Begonia nepalensis Lamiaceae Gmelina arborea Begoniaceae Begonia palmata Lamiaceae Tectona grandis Betulaceae Alnus nepalensis Lauraceae Actinodaphne obovata Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Lauraceae Cinnamomum bejolghota Burseraceae Canarium bengalense Lauraceae Cinnamomum glaucescens Burseraceae Canarium strictum Lauraceae Litsea salicifolia Calophyllaceae Mesua ferrea Lauraceae Phoebe cooperiana Caryophyllaceae Drymaria cordata Lauraceae Phoebe hainesiana Clusiaceae Garcinia cowa Loranthaceae Scurrula gracilifolia Clusiaceae Garcinia lanceifolia Lythraceae Duabanga grandiflora Combretaceae Combretum decandrum Magnoliaceae Magnolia champaca Combretaceae Terminalia myriocarpa Magnoliaceae Magnolia hodgsonii Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis Malvaceae Bombax ceiba Commelinaceae Commelina paluda Malvaceae Colona floribunda Commelinaceae Pollia subumbellata Malvaceae Pterospermum acerifolium Family Name of species Family Name of species Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia Poaceae Arundinaria suberecta Malvaceae Urena lobata Poaceae Bambusa balcooa Meliaceae Aglaia spectabilis Poaceae Bambusa khasiana Meliaceae Chukrasia tabularis Poaceae Bambusa pallida Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Poaceae Bambusa tulda Meliaceae Toona hexandra Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Menispermaceae Cocculus orbiculatus Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Moraceae Artocarpus chama Poaceae Dendrocalamus giganteus Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Poaceae Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Moraceae Ficus auriculata Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Moraceae Ficus glomerata Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Moraceae Ficus oligodon Poaceae Phragmites karka Moraceae Ficus roxburghii Poaceae Poa annua Moraceae Ficus semicordata Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum Musaceae Musa acuminata Poaceae Themeda villosa Musaceae Musa balbisiana Poaceae Thysanolaena maxima Myrtaceae Syzygium tetragonum Polygonaceae Fagopyrum esculentum Oleaceae Jasminum amplexicaule Polygonaceae Persicaria capitata Orchidaceae Aerides roseum Rosaceae Rubus paniculatus Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum dyerianum Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum piluliferum Sapindaceae Sapindus rarak Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum reptans Simaroubaceae Ailanthus integrifolia Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum roxburghii Simaroubaceae Alangium chinense Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum wallichii Solanaceae Capsicum annuum Orchidaceae Calanthe gracilis Solanaceae Datura metel Orchidaceae Ceratostylis teres Solanaceae Physalis minima Orchidaceae Cleisostoma striatum Solanaceae Solanum indicum Orchidaceae Coelogyne cristata Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Orchidaceae Coelogyne griffithii Solanaceae Solanum xanthocarpum Orchidaceae Dendrobium acinaciforme Sterculiaceae Sterculia villosa Orchidaceae Dendrobium hookerianum Theaceae Schima wallichii Orchidaceae Eria acervata Tiliaceae Triumfetta bartramia Orchidaceae Eria amica Urticaceae Debregeasia longifolia Orchidaceae Eulophia nuda Urticaceae Elatostema sessile Orchidaceae Liparis assamica Urticaceae Lecanthus peduncularis Orchidaceae Luisia teretifolia Urticaceae Urtica dioica Oxalidaceae Oxalis acetocella Verbenaceae Lantana camara Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Zingiberaceae Alpinia nigra Pandanaceae Pandanus odorifer Zingiberaceae Curcuma angustifolia Phyllanthaceae Bischofia javanica Zingiberaceae Globba multiflora Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus emblica Zingiberaceae Hedychium spicatum Piperaceae Piper betle Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Poaceae Arundinaria hirsuta ANNEXURE II Details of Tower Schedule of 132kV Lines E o 4,, z P L I t c |- o J F z F 4 \ o IrJ q s z J t F .E o- 8 z !: s! = ,a o E I E z z z z z o o o (, o z l-!.1 z o z z z z z z o o (, o o o z o z o 2 o 9 9 o ,t ) I j lEl = ( o J z 5 _j t 5 l;l 5 Y l-l; II o UF- aA o o E z I !; 'q 5 o 6- t J ? ll: I lc r :.r i z < l! ---J- J F ts ql F EI t- J q.l J f z F E.l* I; o z u'l !. o ao t llJ F F o 4 x H o = F ,i i I il IJJ ,a Irl E o o E^ii r- ; _,,Q I a= il qPz F F L F d F d F d F v o=i I N zea i') L EI !l. E6A EI 6 o o o o o o o d F z I I IB 4 F 6 o L L = e -, 6z z Q b l= o q lJ.l o ia t o EI o- F z uJ J () qo . 6i CHECKED BY: BYI P.G C.r.L CLIENTTP G.C I - L DETAILED SURVEY TOWER SCHEDULE LINK:220 KV S/C ON D/C NEW KOHIMA TO MOKOKCHUNG TRANSMISSION LINE SL CONNECT LEG EXTENSION CHI INEY EXTENSION sEc LEVEL NO NO NO MA.'OR CROSSING DETAIL wG3 ,NIM) LENG. LENGIH __!9Br!1!!L 2?1 DE 0 0 15 0 0 -31 53 353 39 -r0310 343 00 ,!5 1Q -{a7ln--]i;;;;m-- 272 DD 9 I 6 200 106 30 21311 19 05 132 KVs/C Doy.ng io Aolijeh Used DDld.r iislead ot OC du€ lo DD 6 6 6 0 0 2AA shgl. span Lim coss.d 57A 00 11216 -230 03 317 22 3714 laa6 DD s 9 I 0 100 167 06 7291a s69 97 -100 62 DC 6 75 T5 6 0 10tr 00 -16133 42 9A 2A1AA 31713 214 29 276 oc 0 0 3 0 0 a 0 200 33.4 00 317 ?0 ,369 68 a2 4A 32471 -536 99 -262 21 97 05 277 DD 13 13 13 13 0 350 374 AO 663 35 a7199 -6 53 212 132 XV S/C Ooyang to Aolijen 274 DO l3 13 13 1A 0 0 0 500 21',t 41 291 t3 95 53 317 0e -5 96 237 DC 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 150 3& O0 163 59 r0843 272 A3 153 45 199 92 2AA DC NONE 0 15 15 0 0 050 628 00 -155 37 24s 2a 216 53 216 00 17 00 2A1 DB 3 3 6 0 0 104 547 00 274 37 355 53 -17/ 16 r88 38 124 7315 NH.2 11KV 242 DA x-am sl€nqiheoing sugoesred 3 3 3 45 0 a 0 429 204 575 00 4886! 263 30 6051t 3!3 83 943 99 ,1455 OD x-am slEnglhenn9 s!99esred 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1!7 8.v 100 211 00 11630 521 1a 6.43_40 ,196 83 -96114 2U DD 0 0 3 0 0 0 ; _0a !!zgq 150 ,r* 12100 591 10 1031 19 82831 242 A9 285 DD o 0 0 0 0 0 0 .L 160 00 320 92 226 9A -145 A9 434 23 2AS 34 236 ; .1t* OD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 00 -217 92 39111 173.45 524 63 192 45 -32 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157 00 -2U 7/ -2U n -36768 -367 63 2BA T-153 OB 13 18 13 0 0 0 000 181 00 *a 30 38 30 -92 95 15 50 2A9 T,159 DB 6'09 30 LT 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 000 230 00 219 30 36360 537 90 273 95 514 59 7AA 51 -1121 294 293 293fi DD 116'231J LT s 9 0 0 0 150 269 00 ,3r9 60 1S 62 137 03 !65 59 13310 224 -50 70 291 294n DD 01'55 37 LT 9 75 6 6 0 ,38369 0 0 292 00 -2 62 -17349 -309 60 72 124 BAY 0 0 0 o 0 46637 12'17 2 000 72 0a 926 926 -2 08 -2 08 I oI t9 CHECKED BY: BY: P.G.C.I.L LINK:LILO OF 132 KV SC KOHIMA TO WOKHA AT NEW KOHIMA TR.LINE DETAILED SURVEY TOWER SCHEDULE [ ".,=rr'r.n.".,.. WEIGI{T SPAN IN ( GPS CO-ORDINATE SUM WEIGHT SPAN IN ( HOT) FOUNDA CONNf, COIINE CHIMNEY SPAI{ CUMLTY ,OF coLD) MAJOR CROSSINC TYPE ANGLE LEG EXTENSION SEC. LEVEL WINI) VILL NAME SL AP TOWER CT CT EXTENSION IN(M R.L C.P.D. TION OF REMARKS OF LENG. DIFF. ADJ. SPAN DETAIL wGs;-84 NO NO NO WITH WITH LENGTH TOTA TYPE TOWER Df,VIATION ) SPAN LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGH TOTAL BB NT L EASTING NORTHING A B c D A B c D 100.00 50.00 -29s.83 -295.83 -514.74 -514.74 TSIESEMA 94'04'54.54" 25"45'51.07" 20'53'19"RT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1270.84 I EXT-Towe c FP 100 19.07 100 100 63.00 395.83 -485.01 -89.18 614.74 -800.25 -185.51 TSIESEMA 94'04'55.06', 25"45',54.20" 1/0 (oN 3 3 6 0 0 0 0 1287.41 0.5 126.00 2 I DD BB 0 92'49',s4"17 6 I INtr\ 7.14 Boundary 26 26 126 | 39.00 69.50 511.01 -280.20 230.81 826.2s 493.33 332.92 TSIESEMA 94'04'53.89', 2s"45'54.32" 56'45'27',RT 4.5 3 6 0 0 0 0 1294.55 0.5 3 2 2t0 DD BB 0 ; 2 Nos I 1KV, Bormdary, NH-2 113 20.98 239 507.00 2s3.50 393.20 143.32 249.87 606.33 -3s8.76 247.57 TSIESEMA 94'04'51.92' 25'45'57.50" 0 0 0 0 0 1 319.03 I 4 3 3/0 DB BB X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 4"39'.g',RT 0 0 0 394 73.94 394 633 537.32 -218.84 318.49 752.76 -446.31 306.45 TSIESEMA 94'04',45.91" 25'46',09.1 3', 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 1390.47 1.5 67s.00 337.50 5 5 5/0 DD BB 0 35'8',41',RT 3 281 55.68 281 914 239.00 499.84 ls.47 515.31 727.31 -37.09 690.21 TSIESEMA 94"04'47.56" 25"46'18.'13" s"47'23"LT o 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 1443.65 2 478.00 o 6 6/0 DB BB 0 x-Arm Strengthening Suggested 197 9.02 t97 11il 589.00 294.50 18t .53 61.05 242.59 234.09 -24.37 209.72 NERHEMA 94"04'48.28" 25"46',24.43" 36'15'0"17 4.5 3 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 1454.17 0.5 7 8 8/0 DD BB 0 2 Nos FP, Pond 392 29.17 392 1503 836.00 418.00 330.95 789.73 I 120.68 416.37 1 149.1 I 1565.48 NERHEMA 94'04',41.04', 25"46'35.4" o 0 0 0 1477.84 1 8 9 9/0 DB BB 0 x-Arm Strengthening Suggested 9'1 2'40"17 I I I 0 -t 39.00 2 Nos FP 444 444 1947 832.00 -345.73 174.70 -17 1.03 -705. I 1 162.48 -542.64 NERHEMA 94'04'30.55" 25'46'46.30" 0 0 0 0 0 0 1347.84 I 416.00 9 10 1 0/0 DC BB x-Arm strengthentng Suggesleo 21"36'42"RT 0 0 4.13 2 Nos Foot Track, Nala 388 Used DC type instead of DB type 388 2335 94'04'2s.90" 25'46's8.17" 134A.97 I 720.00 360.00 213.30 423.71 637.01 225.52 586.84 812.37 ZHADIMA 10 11 11lO DC BB 0 due to Sum of adj. span limit 1 3'47'01'LT 4.5 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 Nala, 1lKV, Fencing, Foot crossed. 332 47.18 Track 332 2667 423.00 -9t.71 234.42 142.71 -254.84 354.01 99.17 ZHADIMA 25'47'07.16" 6 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 300.79 0 211.50 t1 12 12t0 DB BB 0 05'28'47"RT 6 Nala 91 -9.48 91 2758 -143.42 98.s7 44.85 -263.01 74.56 -188.45 ZHADIMA cL'oL'17 7)' 2s"47'09.65" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1295.81 1.5 364.00 182.00 12 13 1 3/0 DC BB 23"O4',44"RT 0 5.71 Nala 273 273 3031 114.43 288.56 462.99 198.44 394.63 593.07 ZHADIMA 94"04't6.78" 25'47'78.47' 0 't298.02 1 515.00 257.50 13 14 14lO DB BB 0 02"20'12"LT 4.5 4.5 3 3 0 0 0 -22.36 FP 242 242 3273 270.50 46.56 -122.64 -169.20 -152.63 -294.91 447.54 ZHADIMA 94'04'15.68" 25'47'26.34" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1278.66 I 541.00 t4 15 1 5/0 DB BB 09"03'09"17 0 44.87 Nala 299 299 3572 203.50 421.64 -369.65 52.00 593.91 -637.82 43.91 ZHADIMA 94'04'12.57" 25'47'3s.62' 't7'17'.48"LT 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 't321.0s 1.5 407.00 15 16 1 6/0 DC BB 0 X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 3 108 2s.23 Used DC type instead of DB type 108 3680 1345.76 1 585.00 292.50 477.65 481.82 96s.47 745.82 645.6s 1391.47 ZHADIMA 94'04'10.29" 25'47'38.61' 16 17 17lO DC BB 0 due to single span limit crossed (X- 10"2s'24"RT 4.5 3 3 4.5 0 0 0 0 Arm Strengthening Suggested) -65.58 Nala 477 477 4157 -10.82 147 .ls 136.32 -168.65 166.23 -2.42 ZHADIMA 94'04'03.13" 25'47',52.57" 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1282.68 0.5 711.00 355.50 t7 19 19lO DD BB 56"27'48"R' 1.5 enotneer -3.89 Nala 234 234 4391 240.50 86.85 193.40 280.25 67 .77 237.64 305.41 ZHADIMA 94"O4'O7.62', 25'47'59.23" 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 1276.79 1.5 481.00 18 20 20lo DC BB 0 21"41's6"LT 4.5 -9.52 2 Nos Foot Track, Nala 247 247 4638 327.00 53.60 305.80 3s9.41 9.36 370.s6 379.92 ZHADIMA 94'04'09.46',', 25'48'06.82" 0 0 0 0 1266.77 I 654.00 21lO DC BB 0 1 8'38'32"17 3 3 3 3 19 21 2 Nos Foot Track, FP 407 -22.96 407 . so45 94"04'08.2r' 25'48'20.10" 1244.31 1.5 613.00 306.50 101.20 795.90 897.10 36.44 t234.52 1270.96 ZHADIMA 20 23 23tO DC BB 0 X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 1 7"31'55"LT 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 .78.7 | Foot Track ; 206 5251 694.00 347.00 -589.90 625.01 35 11 -t028.52 866.20 -162.32 ZHADIMA 94'04'05.33" 25"48'26.2t" 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 165.10 I 21 24 24lO DB BB 0 X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 07'56'06',17 3 3 a -102.53 2 Nos Nala 488 s139 323.50 -137.01 187.40 50.38 -378.20 255.70 -122.51 ZHADIMA 94'03'56.30" 2s'48'39.79" 0 0 I 065.57 1 647.00 22 24A. 24NO DB BB 12'53'5',RT 1.5 0 ; 0 0 0 159 -9.46 159 5898 254.00 -28.40 7.91 -20.49 -96.70 -97.54 -194.24 ZHADIMA 94'03'54.40" 25'48'44.6t" 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1055.1 'l 0 508.00 23 25 25lO DB BB 09'27'35'LT 1.5 Nala 349 32.06 349 6247 4'.14.00 237.00 341.09 -80.69 260.40 446.54 -171.33 275.21 ZHADIMA 94'03',48.52" 2s'48'54.51" Used DC type instead of DB type 0 0 0 1 080.1 7 2 24 26 26lO DC BB 0 14"1 0'09"17 9 I I I 0 9.87 Foot Track 125 125 6372 205.69 141.22 346.91 296.33 161.29 457.63 ZHADIMA 94'03'45.50" 2s'48',57.50" 0 0 1 095.04 1 344.00 172.00 25 27 27lO DB BB 0 01 "43'56',RT 3 4.5 3 3 0 0 #HS N"44.&iJ' SUBMITTED BY: @uw ,/!-\ {rAl APPROVED BY: CHECKED BY: SHYAMA POWER(I) LTD. P.G.C.l.L P.G.C.l.L ffi;- I GLIENT:P.G.C.l.L DETAILED SURVEY I'OWER SCHEDULE LINK:LILO OF 132 KV SC KOHIMA TO WOKHA AT NEW KOHTMA TR.L|NE CONNE CONNE WEIGHT SPAII IN ( TYPE ANGLE CHIi,INEY SPAN SUM WETGHT SPAN rN ( HOT SL AP TOWER CT CT LEG EXTENSION CUMLTV FOUNDA GPS CO.ORDINATE OF REMARKS OF EXTENSION sEc. LEVEL OF WI ND COLD) MAJOR CROSSING NO NO NO WITH WITH IN(M R-L C.P.D. TION VILL NAME TOWER DEYIATION LENG. DIFF. ADJ. SPAN TOTA DETAIL BB NT ) LENGTH LEFT RIGHT TYPE wGs-84 AIBIC D A B C D SPAN LEFT RIGHT TOTAL L EASTING NORTHING 25 27 27t0 DB BB 0 01'43'56"RT 3 4.5 3 '1095.04 3 0 0 0 0 1 344.00 172.00 20s.69 141.22 346.91 296.33 161.29 457.63 ZHADIMA 94"03',45.50', 25"48',57.50' 2'19 -3.83 FP 26 28 2810 DB BB 0 X-Arm Strenothenino Suooested 12'54'35'LT 219 6s91 I I I I 0 0 0 0 1084.71 0.5 398.00 t 99.00 77.78 407 .41 485.20 57.71 608.66 666.37 ZHADIMA 94"03'40.27" 25"49',02.99" 179 -31.38 179 6770 27 29 29lO DD BB 0 29"30'25"RT 3 6 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 060.83 2 s90.00 295.00 -228.41 579.71 351.30 429.66 816.59 386.93 ZHADIMA 94'03',3s.17', 25"49'06.47" 411 -84.81 2 Nos Nala 28 30 30/0 DC BB 0 X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 411 71 8l 19'18',27',RT 6 4.5 3 4.5 0 0 0 0 974.02 0 731.00 365.50 -168.71 726.77 558.06 405.59 1085.54 679.95 ZHADIMA 25"49'78.64', 320 -100.01 Foot Track 29 31 31t0 DB BB X-Arm Strengthening Suqqested 05'08'36',RT 320 7501 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 878.01 I 586.00 293.00 406.77 166.68 -240.09 -76s.s4 188.00 -577.s4 ZHADIMA 266 4.94 Nala 30 32 32tO DB BB 0 X-Arm Strengtheninq Suqqested 04'48'54"RT 266 7767 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 870.07 1 638.00 319.00 99.32 551.81 65 1.14 78.00 783.38 861.38 ZHADIMA 94'O3'.28.44" 25"49'.37.59' 372 -'7 5.04 31 33 33/0 DD BB X-Arm Strengthening Suggested 37"'tg',12"Lr 372 8l 39 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 797.53 0.5 673.00 336.50 -179.81 618.03 438.21 -41.1.38 {tz.st 502.60 ZHADIMA 301 -77.60 32 34 Used DD type both side due to 30 8440 Umetal Road 34t0 DD BB 0 '1 1'50',57"17 6 7.5 lono soan 6 6 0 0 0 0 714.43 1 909.00 454.50 -317.03 -148.50 -46s.53 -612.98 -434.94 -'t047.92 ZHADIMA Used DD type both side due to 608 151.71 Nala 608 9048 33 35 35/0 DD BB 0 long span (X-Arm Strenotheninq 16"42'.1s"LT 3 3 ,5 3 3 0 0 0 0 870.64 687.00 343.50 756.50 466.89 289.6'l 1042.94 -787.45 2s5.49 ZHADIMA 94'03'08.65" 25'50',t2.26" Suggested) 79 22.06 ilcmg 34 36 36/0 DD BB 1 3'1 9'03',17 79 9127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 893.20 0 170.00 85.00 545.89 -69.88 476.01 866.4s -142.92 723.53 ZHADIMA 91 5.79 35 Bay Gantry 9l 9218 898.99 0 91.00 45.50 160.88 160.88 233.92 233.92 ZHADIMA 94"03'03.03' 25'50',14.t7', CONNE CONNE WETGIIT SPAN IN ( TYPE ANGLE CHIMNEY SPAN SUM WETGHT SPAN rN ( HOT) SL AP TOWER CT CT LEG EXTENSION CUMLTV FOUNDA GPS CO.ORDINATE OF REMARKS EXTENSION SEC. LEVEL OF WIND COLD) MAJOR CROSSING NO NO NO WITH WITH OF IN(M RL C.P.D. LENG. DIFF. ADJ. SPAN TION VILL NAME TOWER DEVIATION LENGTH TOTA DETAIL BB NT ) Lf,FT RIGHT TYPE wGS-84 AT;TcT; A t, c D SPAN LEFT RIGHT TOTAL L EASTING NORTHING I 1 1/0 (oN DD BB 0 83'32'25',17 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 1287.41 LINE} 0.5 133.00 66.50 -86.08 -86.08 -1 53.87 -153.87 TSIESEMA 94'04'55.06" 25"45',54.20" 42 2.48 2 EXT-Towe c 24'44',56',RT 42 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1292.39 0 42.00 21.00 128.08 128.08 195.87 195.87 TSIESEMA 94'04'55.07', 2s'45'55.6s" 6 3 3 6 z - t\igr\l *'r SUBMITTED BY: @[*, -u$' SHYAMA POWERO LTD. dw CHECKED BY: P.G.C.r.L P.G.C.r.L ANNEXURE III NoC from Concerned Land owner/ Headman/ Village Council OFFICE OF THE TS MINYU VILLAGE VILLAGE COUNCIL P.O TSEMINYU -797109 KOIIIMA: NAGALAND NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE This is to certifu that construction of upcoming 220 Kv line from Ap -73/0 to Ap-E910 under the jurisdiction of rseminyu (ur) is well known from every location as proposed by your company for the purpose, using my authority I have no objection towards the execufion of work any time at yow own convenience. . - Wish'ing the Project grand success. 4""P OFFICE GF TI{E \rICE-CHAIRI\IAN ALICHEN COMPOUND COMMITTEE SPO Alichen-?98607 Mokokchung Dist. Nagaland I Emait alncmpd@rediffmail.com I Offce : -tgr-9,1366,1?08? NOAC{1/1[isc-NOC/201 9/ l? /Dated theAlichen L tnfe$ rc This is to certit/ that construction of upcoming 22OKV line from Ap-27710 to AP-288/0 under the jurisdiction of Alichen (ur) is well known from every location as proposed by your company. For the purpose, using my authority I have no objection towards the execution of work any time at your own conventence. Wishing the project a grand success. i -i^i6ran (Kr MER) \r,(::##* itl (Name & Designation ofthe issuing anrhorit\') 44 3"e-\69 OFFICE OF THE VIIIAGE COI'IICN UNGMA MOKOKCIIT NG : NAGALAND P.O., MOKOKCHUNG - P,S. II MOKOKCHUNG PIN - 798601 nate:.,.*.:. ?-:. k.t l,'1.,.,,. wPteo".ilY ^t +c &t..n'fy .t1*.1 (?{v+Xc-o,t-l;Pvt \ LrC V-ut Li r,.,r_ @ E?-2xn &r4 +p- Lql tt^/x&eq * L\NIMS \.4*.rgl 4tt-ut 4 wLL! l*q.+-tv.rt e,4'(k.( Lcto.,j*at ".'vit-Qo.4e iq w-+o*t ,\ f""1 r9tu= J.as cl-t"lV il4r.o, { -fLi_ .4 r\ .L41'1 -t cu-u.{4 *w"',4 aS 0'r rCar 12:-r\/e +'v1t-*ttZ. ,\v 9{trr^"4 .h* Vt.nlr-I er tr*""A &:utc t e y<. wteu. n ilk3;#;.r!!!sri 3 OFFICEOFTIM Nsuuyu Vu.,racE Gourclr, P.O/P.S. Tseminyu, Kohima - Nagatand - 297109 g"f x". o.n zaf.o7f.u-w... ilo A&rfa cTz o = d= z= != i. 6= z? o= :! l(o =z s: 6e q-* o.i E -E -E E .E .E E .E 0= i: 2 6 9!g =E E6 E3 3 E o o. E E ! .\' g .g q - E E =: i! ,9i E z* d,> E€ +3 s(- S< E: ! _-E _eE _6E _eE _oE 7-\ E -i :,s -6E ! i-: zz !,: Pz t-: 2Z E_4 ;.r 2z 3-: $ E :5 tc €3 E! -LI a $ 2 E z J 3 :t :1 e 6 I fN )o y: 9!(o L iii 5 :] - z z6 ?5 zi -o 1= 1A z= >= zf; :; != Y'= 'ii srg (!.. :v . 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E E,= \Y t ?5 PoP \5 e J d z=z \ 99 s na s! ;* .E -t Fe K! -Ei; e d X v $??+ F v \v jsff = E (E Za2 x f t:nEt ,: 6 \OEoY E F\ O.\ .l '+ tr\M ,'lc € I F,5 Ez na li f9 _,h t: E ; ! 1si€tsF rrBrF'' -9< 3 w''6 * to hI) E F' IE (arFds{d|{firsqq) POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (A Government of India Enterprise) NAGALAND: KOHIIVA NORTH EASTERN REGION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN and surface damages incurred during the construction of 132kV New-Kohima (Zhadima) to New Secretariat complexQ''lagaland university campus) Transmission Line under NERpsIp, Nagaland at location no.....+?7 of Zhadima Village, Kohima district measuring an Area of lV5.l,.l?.6. . . ..ro.o. (Sienature of landowner) Registered office I B'9, Qutab lnstitutional Area, Katwaria sarai, New Dethi-1 10 016, Tel.: 26560121 Fax : 01 1-26560039 ,NATGRID' Gram . strd ffiqqrq Save Energy for Benefit of Selfand Nation qisinq qfaf6 irna_ t ii:'i d ii.i ai., r \ rjrr rs? r $rrnjs ir.:? State Bank Of India 105301tt2383 CURREI{I AJC PREFIX t . 15150q!m2 tt.EB958 tnr ?51 ?OO ? lO tr: OOO5Elil d't \4 POWER GRID CORPORATION O" '*ffiffiTH (A Goyernmert of India Enterprise.l qr-+aftf5 NAGALAND: KoHIMA NORTH EASTERN REGION and surface damages incurred during the "o.rrt.u",io'or rrruu *".'*otin'u lZtua*f,t;:t*T Transmission Line under NERPSIP, Nagaland at illage, Kohima district measuring an Area of Witness (i). (ii) r(;f)qfs'|q1aq:fl-g. Registered ofiice : B-9, eurab lnstirutionar Area, Kalwaria sar.t ,"- odl,#i$# . 26s6o121Fax . j 1_26560039 0 Gram , ,NATGRTD, Save Energy for Benefit of Self and Nation ssrtrc rtr f6 (002r4)-KOHtUA E 4rii-j,F1;i ii i..,{ ia , {arr; fta j lrair,e ai,x.. State Bank Of lndia :is4fi00002r| SW|FT: E v,a /-rl c rt € IrrgEg5g:ln. ?q?OO;tO?r: OOOSEIilT pC \>/ ,€ .,J ffi (rTFd sr6Tr6T sqc) POWER GRID CORPORATION OF'INDIA LIMITED (A Government of India Ent€rprise) (NORTH EASTERN REGION POWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT) NAGALAND: KOHIMA NORTH EASTERN REGION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN ....3u.r.v....Tt*:.o...TIte.'/..1.1dD....7!+1t>..ttzu..DgEA..E.l.F.f/..:|..1,ro.... has been duly compensated to Sliii/lvls . . . A.N /.V/. :. Q. . for the land and surface damages incurred during the construction of I 3 2kV New-Kohima (Zhadrma) to New Secretariat ComplexQ.,lagaland University Campus) Transmission Line under NERPSIP, Nagaland at location "o....*(.:.9......... of Zhadima Village, Kohima district measuring an Area of .E 0.9.,.9. 1.(......... sq.n. Witness (i) (iD. Grsolre-aflOIEBCRID) riffqilsTqldq : fr-s. gil{.**qq(c|.rd yftqr, oeqRqrsqq. r{ftid-110016. {rqrs : 26560121fw : 011-26560039dx : iznrs- Registered Office: B-9, Qutab Institutional Area, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi110 016, Tel,: 26560121 Fax:01I-26560039 Gram : 'NATGRID' sBncqrrvRnM{src Save Energy for Benefit of Self and Nation seEf,6 ?- - LtA 6 list of Earthlng EquiPment's q6 , tist of qualifled SafetY officer tr+ - 118 Envlrcnment, Heahh and Safety Policy qq On Site Emergency Plan 5o-=E 51- +2 lt Safety Trainlng Module 1z- +tl J Safety fBl Tralning Record iolicy Schedule for Employees compensatlon *- J lnsurance 'tc - fr labour Licence 'A +-t- 8o ERECnON RlsK POLICY, (INCLUDING THIRD Att PARW TIABILITIES, MARINE CARO INSURANE, at -q6 WORKMEN COMPESATION POLICY & BOCW b -:, !-e F - 1 tt 7 I 7 i? 4 - 4 - Fl' qFsTsgar rTfuc Etrrrd v.Esr BENGAL AA 501505 -" ta -- SAFEW PLAN -" THls sAFEw PLAN is made this 14 th day of August. 2o1B by Joint venture (JV) of M/s Techno -' Power Enterprises private Ltd, Kolkata ( the lead partner) of JV), a company incorporated under >.:t the law of companies A€t, 1956 h,aving its Principal place of business and Register€d office at Infinity think tank..,, Towerll, 10' Floor, Sector V, Salt lake City, Kolkata-7ooog1 and M/s -: Rausheena Udyog Limited, Guwahati i the other Pafiner of JV), a company incorporated under the law of companies Act, 1956 having its Principal place of business and Registered ofiice at TN Road, Guwahati-O1, (hereinafter called as 'Contracto/ which expression shall include its -a - successors and permitted assign) for approval of Power Grid corporation of India Limited, a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 having its Registered Office at ,B-9, eutab Institutional area, Katwari, New delhi-110016 and its corporate office at saudamani, plot No.2, 'Sector-29, Gurgaon(Haryana)-122001 for its Contract for package DMS-2 for Nagaland - Associated with NER Power system tmprovement project specific€tion No.cc-csig2- - NER/REW-3661/1/G5 WHREAS Power Grid corporation of India Ltd.(pcctL) has awarded to the contractor the aforesaid contract vide its Notification of Award/contract No. cc-cslg2- -t - NER/REW3661/1/G5/NOA-1117597 dt.11.01.2018( here in after called the Contract) in terms of which the contractor is required to submit 'safety Plan' along with certain documents to the Engineer ln-charge/Projecl Manager of the Employer within sixty (60) days of Notification of F - !-r Award for its approyal. Now THEREFORE, the contractor undertakes to execute the contract as per the safety plan as follows: u 1. THAT the Contractor shall execute the works as per provisions of Bidding Documents including those in regard to safety Precautions / provisions as per statutory requirements, l-; 2. THAT the Contraclor shall execute the works in a well planned manner from commencement of Conkact as per agreed mile stones of work completion the F F I - schedule so that planning and execution of construction works goes smoothly and quarter of the consistently through out the contract duration without handling pressure in last financial year/lasi months of the Contract and the shall be flnalized in association with EMPLOYER Engineer In-charge/Project Manager from time to time as required' ? THAT the Contractor has prepared the Safe work procedure for each activity i.e. foundation works including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning' disposal of miterials at site / store etc. to be executed at site, which is enclosed at Annexure - 1A (SP) for acceptance and approval of Engineer ln-charge/Project Manager. The Ccntractor sirall ensure that cn app!-oval cf the same fl'om Engineer ln-charge/Project Manager,theapprovedcopieswillbecircu|atedtoEmp|oyer,spersonne|atSite personnel at site [Gang leader, supervisor(s) [SupJrvisor(s)/Executive(s)] and Contractor's etc.l in their local language / language understood by gang. THAT the Contractor has prepared minimum manpower deployment plan, activity wise as stated above, which is enclosed at Annexure - 1E} (SP) for approval of Engineer ln- charge/Project Manager. THAT the contractor shall ensure while executing works that they will deploy minimum 257o of their own experienced work force who are on the permanent roll of the company and 75o/o can be a suitable mixed with the hired gangs / local workers / casual workers if 'alance The above balance 75Vo work force should be provided with at least 10 days reouired. training by the construction agencies at sites and shall be issued with a certificate. No workeisnlll be engaged without a valid certificate. Hired gang workers shall also follow safe working procedurei and sat-ety norms as is being followecj by company's workmen. lt should also be ensured by the contractor that certified fitters who are climbing towers / doing stringing operations can be easily identifiable with a system like issue of Badge / ldentific;tion cards (lD cards) etc. Colour identiflcation batches should be worn by the workers. Contractor has to ensure that inexperience workers / unskilled workers should nol be deployed for skilled .job. c. THAT the Contractor's Gang leader / supervisor / senior most member available at every construction site shall brief to each worker daily before start of work about safety reouirement and warn about imminent dangers and precautions to be taken against the imminent dangers (Daily safety Drill). This is to be ensured without fail by contractor ano maintain record of each gang about daily safety instructions issued to workers and put up to EMPLOYER site In-charge for his review and record 6. THAT the Contractor shall ensure that working Gangs at site should not be left at the discretion of their Gang Leaders who are generally hired and having little knowledge about ."vel! versed '"vith the safe working safety. Gang l€ader should be experenced and pro"edur"" applicable for transmission line/ sub station works. ln case gang is having Gang ieader not on permanent roll of the company then additional Supervisor from company's own roll having thorough knowledge about the works would be deployed so as to percolate safety instructions up to the grass root level in healthy spirits. Contractor has to ensure close supervision while executing critical locations of transmission lines / sub stations and ensures that all safety instructions are in place and are being followed' 7. THAT the contractor shall maintatn in healthy and working conditlon all kind of Equipments / Machineries / Lifting tools / Lifting tackles / Lifting gears / All kind of Ropes including wire ropes / Polypropylene ropes etc. used for Lifting purpose during execution ofthe project and get them periodically examined and load tested for safe worktng load in accordance with ielevant piovisions and requirement of Building & other construction workers Regulation of Employment and conditions of services Act and central Rule 1998, Factories Act 1948, Indian Electricity Act 2003 before start of the project. A register of such examinations and tests shall be properly maintained by the contractor and will be promptly produced as and -3 4 when desired by the Engineer In-charge/Prolect Manager or by the person authorised by - 4 him. The Contractor has to ensure to give special attention on the formation / condition of eye splices of wire rope slings as per requirement of lS 2762 Specification for wire rope slings and sling legs. -t FJ THAT the Contractor has prepared a list of all Lifting machines, lifting Tools / Lifting Tackles / Lifting Gears etc. / All types of ropes and Slings which are subject to safe working load is tst enclosed at Annexure - 2 (SP) for review and approval of Engineer In-charge/project Manager. -l 8. THAT the Contractor has to procure sufficient quantity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)conforming to Indian / International standards and provide these equipment to every - workman at site as per need and to the satisfaction of Engineer-in-charge/project Manager -t of EMPLOYER. The Contractor's Site Supervisor/ Project Manager has to ensure that all 4 workmen must use Personal Protective Equipment at site. The Contractor shall also ensure that Industrial safety helmets are being used by all workmen at site irrespective of their 4 working (at height or on ground). The Contractor shall further ensure use of safety shoes by all ground level workers and canvas shoes for all workers working at height, Rubber Gum Boots for workers working in rainy season and concreting job, Use of Twin Lanyard Full -t body Safety Harness with attachment of light weight such as aluminium alloy etc. and having features of automatic locking arrangement of snap hook, by all workers working at - height for more than three meters and also for horizontal movement on tower shall be -t rE ensured by contractor. The Contractor shall not use ordinary half body safety harness at t site. The contractor has to ensure use of Retractable type fall arrestors by workers for ascenCing / descending on suspension insulator string and other similar works etc., Use cf a Mobile fall arrestor for ascending / descending from tower by all workers. The contractor has - >, to provide cotton / leather hand gloves as per requirement, Electrical Resistance Hand t gloves for operating electrical installations / switches, Face shietd for protecting eyes white -? doing welding works and Dust masks to workers as per requirement. The contractor will have to take action against the workers not using Personal protective Equipment at site and b those workers shall be asked to rest for that day and also their salary be deducted for that day. EMPLoYER may issue warning |etter to Project l\Ianager of contractor in violation of above norms. -: THAT the Contractor shall prepare a detailed list of PPES, activity wise, to commensurate - with manpower deployed, which is enclosed at Annexure - 3 (Sp) for revjew and approval of Engineer In-charge/Project Manager. lt shall also be ensured that the sample of these - equipment shall be got approved from EMPLOYER supervisory staff before being distributed to workers. The contractor shall submit relevant test certificates as oer lS 7 - International Standard as applicable to PPEs used during execution of work. All the ppE's -! to be distributed to the workers shall be checked by EMpLoyER supervisory staff before jts usage. -- h- The Contractor also agrees for addition / modification to the list of ppE, if any, as advised by Engineer ln-Charge/Project Manager. - 9. THAT the Contractor shall procure, if required sufficient quantity of Earthing Equipment / i-' I Earthing Devices complving with requirements of relevant IEC standards (Generally lECs standards for Earthing Equipments / Earthing Devices are - BSS, 1230, 1235 etc.) and to the satisfaction of Engineer In-charge/ Project Manager and contractor to ensures to L- maintained them in healthy condition. b- THAT the Contractor has prepared / worked out minimum number of healthy Earthing L- Equipments with Earthing lead confirming to relevant lS / European standards per gang wise during stringing activityias per requirement, which is enclosed herewith.at Annexure { -t -3 $,- E - 4 (SP) for review and acceptance of Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager prior toexecution of work. 10. THAT the Contractor shall provide communication facilities i.e. Walky - Talkie / Mobile Phone, Display of Flags / whistles for easy communication among workers during Tower E 11. erection / stringing activity, as per requirement. THAT the Contractor undertakes to deploy qualifled safety personnel responsible for safety as per requirements of Employer/Statutory Authorities. THAT the Contractoi ernploying nrore than 250 workmen wheiher temporary, easual, probationer, regular or permanent or on contract, shall employ at least one full time officer exclusively as qualified safety officer having diploma in safety to supervise safety aspects of E u, the equipment and workmen who will coordinate with Engineer In-charge /Project Manager/Safety Coordinator of the Employer. In case of work being carried out through sub contractors the sub contractor's workmen / employees will also be considered as the - contractor's employees / workmen for the above purpose. lf the number of workers are less than 250 then one qualified safety officer is to be deployed for each contract. He will report tr directly to his head of organization and not the Project Manager of contractor He shall also not be assigned any other work except assigning the work of safety. The curriculum vitae of such person shall be got cleared from EMPLOYER Project Manager / Construction staff. The name and address of such safety officers of contractor will be promptly informed in E lj writing to Engineer In-charge with a copy to safety officer - In-charge before start of work or imrnediately after any change of the incumbent is !'nade during the cu!'!'ency of the ccntract. The list is enclosed at Annexure - 5A (SP). THAT the Contractor has atso prepared a tist inctuding details of Exptosive Operator (if H required), Saf€ty officer / Safety supervisor / nominated person for safuty for each erection i stringing gang, list of personnel trained in First Aid Techniques as well as copy of organrsation structure of the Contractor in regard to safety. The list is enclosed at Annexure t-- 12. - sB (sP). The Project Manager shall have the right at his sole discretion to stop the work, if in his opinion the work is being carried out in such a way that it may cause accidents and endanger the safety of the persons and/or property, and/or equipment. In such cases, the E Contractor shall . be informed in writing about the nature of hazards and possible injury/accident and he shall comply to remove shortcomings promptly. The Contractor after stopping the specific work can, if felt necessary, appeal against the order of stoppage of work to the Project Manager within 3 days of such stoppage of work and decision of the Project Manager in this respect shall be conclusive and binding on the Contractor. 13. THAT, if, any Employer's Engineer/ supervisor at site observes that the Contractor is failing E to provide safe working environment at site as per agreed Safety Plan / EMPLOYER Safety Rule/ Safety Instructions / Statutory safety requirement and creates hazardous conditions at site and there is possibility of an accident to workmen or workmen of the other contractor or public or the work is being carried out in an un safe manner or he continues to work even after being instructed to stop the work by Engineer / Superviso!'at site / RHQ / Corp. Centre, the Contractor shall be bound to pay a penalty of Rs. '10,000/ - per incident per day till the instructions are complied and as certified by Engineer / Supervisor of Employer at site. The work will remain suspended and no activity will take place without compliance and obtaining clearance / certification of the Site Engineer / Supervisor of the Employer to start the work. E 111 14. THAT, if the investigation committee of Employer observes any accident or the Engineer In- charge/Project Manager of the Emoloyer based on the report of the Engineer/supervisor of the Employer at site observes any failure on the Contractor's part -E = to comply with safety requirement / safety rules/ safety standards/ safety instruction as prescribed by the Employer or as prescribed under the applicable law for the safety of the equipment, plant and personnel and the contractor does not take adequate steps to prevent hazardous conditions which may cause injury to its own contractor's employees or employee of any other contractors or Employer or any other person at site or adjacent thereto. or oublic involvement because of the contractor's negligence of safety norms, the contractor shall be iiabie to pay a compensation of Rs. 10,00,000/- (Rupees Ten Lakh only) per person affected causing death and Rs. 1,00,000^ (Rupees One Lakh only) per person for serious injuries / 25o/o ot moe permanent disability to the Employer for further E h disbursement to the deceased familyi Injured persons. The permanent disability has the same meaning as indicated in Workmen's Compensation Act 1923. The above stipulations is in addition to all other compensation payable to sufferer as per workmen compensation Act / Rules THAT as per the Employer's instructions, the Contractor agrees that this amount shall be E deducted from their running bill(s) immediately after the accident, That the Contractor understands that this amount shall be over and above the compensation amount liable to be h paid as per the Workmen's Compensation Act /other statutory requiremenV provisions of the Bidding Documents. THAT the Contractor shall submit Near-Miss-Accident report along with action plan for 1- 15. avoidance such incidence /accidents to Engineer - In-charge/ Proiect Manager. Contractor lj shall also submit Monthly Safety Activities report to Engineer - In-charge/ Project Manager and copy of the Monthly Safety Activities report also to be sent to Safety ln-charge at RHQ lj of the Employer for his revi€w record and ifistructions. lj 16. THAT the Contractor is submitting a copy of Safety Policy/ Safety Documents of its Company which is enclosed at Annexure - 6 (SP) and ensure that the safety Policy and l-- safety documents are implemented in healthy spirit. THAT the Contractor shall make available of First Aid Box lcontents of which shall be as per Building & other construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services Act and Central Rule 1998 / EMPLOYER Guidelines)l to the satisfaction of E 18. Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager with each gang at site and not at camp and ensures that trained persons in First Aid Techniques with each gang before execution of work. THAT the Contractor shall submit an 'Emergency Preparedness Plan' for different incidences i.e. Fall from height, Electrocution, Sun Stroke, Collapse of pit, Collapse of Tower, Snake bite, Fire in camp / Store, Flood, Storm, Earthquake, lMilitancy etc. while carrying out different activities under execution i.e. foundation works including civil works, E erection, stringing (as applicable), testing I commissioflifig, disposal of matetials at site / store etc. which is enclosed at Annexure - 7 (SP) for approval of the Engineer In-Charge/ Project Manager before start of work. 19. THAT the Contractor shall organise Safety Training Programs on Safety, Health and Environment and for safe execution of different activities of works ie. foundation works E including civil works, erection, stringing (as applicable), testing & commissioning, disposal of materials at site / store etc. for their own employees including sub contractor workers on regular basis. E The Contractor, therefore, submits copy of the module of training program, enclosed at Annexure - 9 (SP), to Engineer ln-charge/Project Manager for its acceptance andapproval and records maintained. E a ? f" ? 20. THAT the Contractor shall conduct safety audit, as per Safety Audit Check Lists encloseo ar Annexure - I (SP), by his Safety Office(s) every month during construction of ir Transmission Lines / Sub Stations / any other work and copy of the safety audit report will be foMarded to the Employer's Engineer In-charge / Site In-charge/Projeci Manager for his comments and feedback. During safety audit, healthiness of all Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) shall be checked individually by safety officer of contractor and issue a - ?. certificate of its healthiness or rejection of faulty PPES and contractor has to ensure that all faulty PPEs and all faulty lifting tools and tackles should be destroyed in the presence of 4 EMPLOYER construction staff. Contractor has to ensure that each gang be safety audited at least once in two months. During safety audit by the contractor, Safety officeis feedback from EMPLOYER concerned shall be taken and recorded. The Employer's site officials shall - also conduct safety audit at their own from time to time when construction activities are 4 under progress. Apart from above, the Employer may also conduct surveillance safety audits. The Employer may take action against the person / persons as deemed fit under 4 various statutory acts/provisions under the Contract for any violation of safety norms / safety 4 standards. 21. THAT the Contractor shall develop and dispiay Saf-ety Posters of construction activity at site and also at camp where workers are generally residing. - -, 22. THAT the Contractor shall ensure to provide potable and safe drinking water for workers at site / at camp. -ata 23. THAT the Contractor shall do health check up of all workers from competenl agencies and reports will be submitted to Engineer In-Char_oe within fifteen (15) days of health check up of E a, workers as per statutory requirement. h a, 24. THAT the Contractor shall submit information along with documentary evidences in regard to compliance to various statutory requirements as applicable which are enclosed -? Annexure - 10A (SP). at h ,a The Contractor shall also submit details of Insurance Policies taken by the Contractor for -t insurance coverage against accident for all empto)/ees are enclosed at Annexure - 108(SP). -t 25. THAT a checkJist in respect of aforesaid enclosures along with the Contractor's remarks, wherever required, is attached as Annexure - Check List herewith. - -t THE CONTRACTOR shall incorporate modifications/changes in this'safety Plan' necessitated on the basis of review/comments of the Engineer In-Charge/Project Manager within fourteen (14) days of receipt of reviedcomments and on final approval of the Engineer In-Charge/Project - Manager of this 'Safety Plan', the Contractor shall execute the works under the Contract as per approved 'Safety Plan'. Further, the Contractor has also noted that the flrst progressive payment - L- towards Services Contract shall be made on submission of 'Safety Plan'along with all requisite t: L. documents and approval of the same by the Engineer In-Charge/Project Manager. lN wlrNESS WHEREOF, the contractor has hereunto set its hand through its authorised representative under the common seal of the Company, the day, month and year first above mentioned. l- For and on behaif of t: wlTNESS 1. rvvs zf*tlY 9 r Py* ?:y:'#!Lyf' Signature. L- OrJt t: r.rame...ffi.1{df...9-: ."e4 Address.frt+ t6w Lr' 8La L city S"r$,\arzr K"1y..p,.""R 2. signature..f.4 *3"*,tly*f Name.n{AMAIA ...D tu o a P tT (Common Seal) .inili[.1....I]io V T ot\k ) (ln case of Company) n, sa.fll tal, lName of Documentary evidence in suppott of )o. a compliancel -" (iv) Any otner statutory requrrement(s) Yes/No h lplease specifl -= Iet lName of Documentary evidence in suppott of compliancel - 13. Annexure - 108 (SP) - Details of Insurance Policies alongwith - documentary evidences taken by the Contractor for the insurance coverage against accident for all - emolovees as below: - h- (D Yes/No Rules. - Y"t lName of Documentary evidence in suppoft of I insurance takenl - I-! (ii) Public Insurance Liabilities Act 1991 Yes/[o 'l e.t I I ; - - beurcfury evidene ift suryort of takenl Jer;lNo [Name of Documentary evidence.in.suppori d /rE/ 8t R,\ ANNEXURE VII Safety/Penalty Provisions in Contract Conditions 0219 Section Vlll. partia-b. : PC 21,.3.4 Replace the word 'may' in Iine no. 10 with ,is,. Addition of New Clauses (pC21.3.5, pC21.3.6) afrer GC 21.3.4 PC 21.3.5 Packing The Contractor shall provide such packing of the Goods as it is requi:ai o1-ig: deteriorario,i a*i"f-o^"srt :::::1^,1"]i, destination .or- as indicated in t' -."^'116 (rarrDrr ro tu tnelr rheir E The packing shall be sufficier i withstand, withouL 6rrrir.l^lo"oucl ,nor, rough handling durrng u..Dr( .,x'. ...,crr,. r^ exposure .^ te to extreme ^_!_^*^ t"t' .i* and ,.". salt --, precipitation _-^-Y.,------'o I traruit .r and open storage. p d"tl"g Fd consirterari^- .^,L^-^ case and weights shall talie io considerarion, ^-,-_ . where appropriate, .slze rhe .;";;;t;;;:"";. destinarion and rhe absence of h.""y h;;;ii;f?"of** ut au poir,= I = PC 2r.3.6 marking and documenrarion wirhrn ll^:,_^T*tlt:, packages shall comply and ourside i: strictly with such special -"rfrjJ, requirements as sha-l h expressly provided for in the Conrrac .ia, ro any sutreqEeE by the Employer .or,rirt",.,t *,tii rhe il:::.ff1:aered requiremen= i PC 21.4 Replace the word ,materials, in line no. 2 with,plant and Equipment,- Add the word ,includine liabilities for port charges if any, after the rr:i: 'clearance' in line no. 3_ s ub-Clauses c22.2.s.1, p c22.2.s.2, p c22.2.s.3, fr.jtfilj (p p c 22 2_3-s PC 22.2.3.\ Compliance with Labour Regula tions s that may be passed or notificati._:: law in future either by the State c: I authority. The employees of th: ln no case shall be treated as th: il"'ii"Xt"?i,IiF;?Y"f"1'NAG-DMS-02'NAG-DMS-03'&,NAG-Dr,4s-04 lmprovemenl ProjecL employees of the Employer at any point of bime. PC 22.2.3.2 The Contractor shall keep the Employer indemnified in case any action is taken against the Employer by the competent authority on account of contravenLion of any of the provisions of any Act or rules made thereunder, regulations or notifications including amendments. PC 22.2.3.3 If ihe Employer is caused to pay under any law as principal employer such amounts as may be necessary to cause or observe, or for non observance of the provisions stipulated in the notifications/ " byelaws / Acts / Rules/ regulations including amendments, if any, on the part of the Contractor, the Employer shall have the right to deduct any money due to the Contractor under this conbract or any other conhact with the employer including his amount of performance security for adjusting the aforesaid payment. The Employer shall also have right to recover from the Conhactor any sum required or estimated to be required for making good the loss or damage suffered by the Employer. PC 22.2.3.4 Salient features of some major laws applicable to establishments engaged in building and other construction works are indicated at Appendix-I to PC. Addition of New Sub-Clauses (PC22.4.T to 22.4.3 including its sub- clauses) of GC 22.4 PC 22.4.r Protection of Environment The Contractor shall take al1 reasonable steps to protect the environment on and off the Site and to avoid damage or nuisance to persons or to property of the public or others resulting from pollution, noise or other causes arising as consequence of his methods of operation. During continuance of the Contract, the Contractor and his Sub- contractors shall abide at all times by all existing enactments on environmental protection and rules made there under, regulations, notifications and bye-laws of the State or Centrai Governrnent, or local authorities and any other law, byeJaw, regulations that may be passed or nobification that may be issued in this respect in fuhrre by the State or CenLral Government or the local authority. Salient feabures of some of the major laws that are applicable are given belon,: :.-.:i' 028! Section Vlll. Particular Conditions 8-14 This provides f* tn" pr"rr".,tion and control of water pollution and the maintaining an-d rerto.ing of wholesomeness of water' 'Pollution' .rn:uttt. t,ttl contamiiration of water or such alteration of the physical, chemical dt biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or lrade effl.,e"nt o, oi ur,y other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into wat6i (whether directly or indirectly) as may, or is likely to, create a nulsance or render such water trarmful or iniurious to public health or safety' or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses/ or to the life and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms' This provides for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution 'Air Pollution' means th" pr"r"r,." in the atmosphere of any 'air pollutant', which means any so[d, [quid or gaseous substance (including noise) present in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend to be iniurious to human beings or other living creatures or plants or Property or environment. e Environment (Pro tectio4 This provides for the Protectlon and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith, and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures' plants and property. 'Environment' includes water, air and land and the inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and properry. The Public Liabilitv Insurance Act, 1991, This provides for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing immediate relief to the persons affected by accident occurring while handling hazardous substances and for matters connected herewith or incidental thereto Hazardous substance means any substance or preparation which is defined as hazardous substance under Environment (Protechion) Act, 1986, and exceeding such quantify as may be specified by notification by the Central Government' PC 22.4.2 (i) The Contractor shall (a) establish an operafional system of managing envirorthental irnpacts, (b) carry out all the monitoring and mihigation measures set forth in the environment management plan attached to the Particular Condihons as Appendix-Il, and (c) allocate the budget required to ensure that such measures are carriecl out The Packages NAG-DMS-0'1, NAG-DN,4S-02, NAG-DMS-03 & lmprovement Project l, I! f. .f';;.;;, 3282 r u Section Vlll. Particular Conditions 8-15 r r Contractor shall submit to the Employer (quarterly) semi- armual) reports on the carrying out of such rneasures. r F (ii) The Contractor shall adequately record the conditions of roads, agricultural Iand and other infrastructure prior to transport of material and construction commencement, and shall fulty reinstate road / pathways, other local infrastructure and t-' r agricultural land to atleast their pre-project condition upon construc tion completion. (iii) The Contractor shall undertake detailed survey of the affected (: persons during transmission line alignment finalization under E' the Project, where applicable. and r l-,= r. (i") The Contractor shall conduct health and safety programme for workers employed under the Conhact and shill include information on the risk of sexually transrnitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS in such prograrns. u u PC 22.4.3 Safety Precautions L PC22.4.3.1 The Contractor shall observe all applicable regulations r r regarding safety on the Site. Unless otherwise agreed, the Contractor shall, from the r commencement of work on Site until taking over, provide: a) fencing, lighting, guarding and watching of the Works r' 8". wherever required, and b) temporary roadways, footways, guards and fences l:"' which may be necessary for the accommodation and protection of Employer / his representatives and occupiers of adjacent property, the public and others. |- t-- PC22.4.3.2 l-: lJ-. l: r- lleCeSSary. l- l:" lj r: lj" ( :. rJ , t', 0283 Section Vlll. Particutar Conditions I ( PC 22.4.3.3 The Conhactor will notify well-in advance to the Engineer of ( his intention to bring to the ( _Site any container filled with liquid or gaseous fuel or expiosive or petroleurn substance or such chernicals which may in..olve hazards. The 1 Engineer shall have the right to prescribe the conditions, ( under which such container is to be stored, handled and used during the perforrrpnce of the works and the ( Conhactor shall strictly adhere to and comply with such C instructions. The Engineer shall have the rigtrt at his sole discretion to inspect any such container or such ( conshuction plant/equipment for which material in the a container is required to be used and if in his opiniory i its ase is not safe, he may forbid its use. No claim due prohibition shall be entertained by the Owner to such t and the Owner shall not entertain any claim of the Contractor towards additional safety provisions/conditions provided for/conshructed as per the Engineer,s to be at rnstructrons. I Further, any such decision of the Engineer shall t no! in any / way, absolve the Contractor of his -responsibilities \ and in case, use of such a container or en h_y thereof into the Site ) \ area is forbidden by the Engineer, the Contractor shall use alternative methods. with the approval of the without any cost implication io flIE EMpLOyiR Engineer a extension of work schedule. or ) tl PC22.4.3.4 Where it is ( produ*s .iEjiiJ": TT'ffi:":f :ffiffii:'"ffi Contractor shall be responsible for carryrng_out provision and/or storage in accordance with the such rules and I b regulations laicl down in petroleum Act 1934, Explosives Act, 7949 and petroleum and Carbide of Calcium'Manual d published by the Chief Inspector of Explosives - of India. Alt such storage shall,have prior approvai of the Engineer. In case/ any approvals are necessary from the Chief"Inspector I (Explosives) or any statutory authorities, il the contractor shall be responsible for obtaining the same. -- J PC 22.4.3.5 All equipment used in construction and erection by ) Conhactor shall meet Indian/ Interna tional Standards and ) where such standards do not exist, the Contractor shall J ) J l 1 -l 0 284 Particular Conditions ensure these to be absolutely safe. All equipment sl.rall be strictly operated and marntained by the Contractor in accordance with manufacfurer,s Operation Manual and safety instructions and as per Gu idelines/ rules of THE EN{PLOYER in rhis regard. PC 22'4'3 6 Periodicar examinatio.s ancr alr tes ts for all rif ting/hoisfing equipment & tackles shall be carried_out in accordance with the relevant provisions of Factories Act 194g, Indian Elechicity.Act 1910 and associated Laws/Rules in force from time to time. A register of such exammations and tests shall be properly maintained by the Contractor and will be promptly produced as and when desired by the Engineer or by the person authorised by him. PC 22.4.3.7 The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the safe storage of his and his Sub-Contractor,s radioactive l: sources in accordance with BARC/DAE Rules and other applicable provisions. All precautionary measure, ,tip.riu L' BARC/DAE. in. ted by connection with use, ,to.ug. ur,d handling L' of such material n ill be taken by the ConLractor. L- PC 22.4.3.8 The ConLractor shall provide suitable safety equipment of t: prescribed standa rd to all employees and workmen according to the need, as may be Jlr".t"d by the Engineer r l.: who will also have right to examine these safety equiiment to determine their suitability, reliability, acceptability aclaptability. and r L: L: PC 22.4.3.9 Where explosives are to be used, the same shall be used I and supervision of an expert, rrd competent person strictlv in e of prachce/Rules frarnecl under L: Indian Explosives Act pertaining to handling, storage and l' usc of erplosives. t' PC 22.4.3.L0 The Contractor shall provide safe working conclitions to workmen and employees at tl_re Site including safe _a,lJ means of access, railings, stairs, ladders, ;caffoldinls - etc. Jhe scaffoldings shall be erected under the conuJ and supervision of an expericnced and competent person. For -- *erection, good ancl standard qualiry of material only slia.U -, o ; i'i.>i.,.rl .''- 0285 j &18 Section Vlll. Parttcular Conditions F -be used by the Contractor. c el PC 22.4.3.11 : The Contractor shall not interfere or disturb electric fuses, r/ - wiring and other electrical equipment belonging to the - Owner or other Contractors ) under any circumstances, whatsoever, unless expressly permitted in writing by THE --EMPLOIGR to handle such fuses, wiring or electrical equipment PC22.4.3.12 Before the Contractor connects any electrical appliances to any plug or socket belonging to the other Contractor or Owner, he shall: I I . a. Satisfy the Engineer that the appliance is in good working condition; b. Inform the Engineer of the maximum current rating, voltage and phases of the appliances; c. Obtain permission of the Engineer detailing the sockets to which the appliances may be connected. " PC22.4.3.13 The Engineer will not grant permission to connect until he is satisfied thaq a. The appliance is in good condition and is fitted with suitable plug; b. The appliance is fitted with a suitable cable having two earth conductors, one of which shall be an earthed metal sheath surrounding the cores. PC22.4.3.1.4 No electric cable in use by the €onhactor/Owner will be disturbed without prior permission. No weight of any description will be imposed on any table and no ladder or similar equipment will rest against or attached to it. PC 22.4.3.15 No repair work shall be carried out on any live equipment. The equipment must be declared safe by the Engineer and a permit to work shall be issued by the Engineer before . any repair work is carried out by the Contractor. While . working on electric lines/equipment, whether live or dead, suitable type and sufficient quantity of tools will have to he provided by the Contractor to & NAG-DMS-04 for Nagaland Section Vlll Particular Conditions 0286 t B-19 elechicians/ r,vorkmen/ officers I \ t PC 22.1.3.76 The Contractors shall employ ."."rrurf number of qualified, full time electricians/ electrical sirpervisors to maintain his temporary electrical installa tioi k' L. PC 22.4.3.17 k L- k t, t t purpose. T t t t t PC 22.iI.3.18 t L L- f PC 22.4.3.19 t L L- rJ L L L tj -t'[""%T]iF-?S? oI NAG-DMS-o2 NAG-DMS-o3 & NAG-Dt!4s 04 ror Nasaidnd aisqsigteo wnrr NER power system L u' I c4 .. of such stoppage of work and decision of the Engineer in this respect shall be conclusive and binding on the Contractor. PC22.4.3.20 The Contractor shall not be - entitled for any damages/compensation for stoppage of work due to safety reasoru as provided in para GCC 22.4.3.19 above and the period of such stoppage of work will not be taken as an gxtension of time for completion of work and will not be 'the ground for waiver of levy of liquidated damages. PC22.4.3.21, It is mandatory for the Contractor to observe during the execution of the works, requirements of Srifety Rules which would generally include but not limited to following: Safefy Rules a) .Each employee shall be provided with initial - : indoctrination regarding safety by the Contractor, so as to enable him to conhuct his work in a safe manner. b) No employee shall be given a new assignment of work unfamiliar to him without proper introduction as to the hazards incident thereto, both to himseH and his fellow enployees. c) Under no circumstances shall an employee hurry or take unnecessary chance when working under hazardous conditions. d) Employees must not ledve naked fires unattended. Smoking shall not be permitted around fire prone areas and adequate fire fighting equipment shall be provided at crucial location. e) Employees under the influence of any intoxicating beverage, even to the slightest degree shall not be permitted to remain at work. I' l. L Section Vlll. Particular Conditions 0 288 t-- L: f) There shall be a suitable arrangement at every work site for relrdering prompt and sufficient first aid to t- the injured. LJ g) The staircases and passageways shall be adequately L: lighted. .- L: h) The employees when working around moving L: machinery, must not be permitted to wear loose garments. Safety shoes are recommended when L: working in shops or places where materials or tools tj are likely to fall. Only experienced workers shall be permitted to go behind guard rails or to clean l,: around energized or moving equipment. L: i) The ernployees must use the standard protection t- equipment intended for each job. Each piece of equipment shall be inspected before and after it is L: used. t- Requirements of ventilation in underwater working t) L: to Licenced and experienced divers, use of gum L- boots for working in slushy or in inundated conditions are essenLial requirements to be fulfilled. LJ L- k) In case of rock excavation, blasting shall invariably be done through Licenced blasters and other L: precautions during blasting and storage/ transport of charge material shall be observed shictly. L: LJ PC22.4.3.22 The Contractor shall follow and comply with ali THE EMPLOYER Safely Rules, relevant provisions of L: applicable laws pertaining to the safety of workmen, ernployees, plant and equipment as may be prescribed L- from time to time without any dernur, protest or contest L- or reservations. In case of any 6li561spancy between statutory requirement and THE EMPLOYER Safety Rules L: referred above, the laner shall be binding on the"-- L- Conhactor unless the statutorv rrrovisions are more stringent. L- t_ PC22.4.3.23 safe work.ins L: Packages NAG-DMS-01. NAG-DMS-02, NER Power System lmprovement Project L- L- L: Lj ,7.-T 0289 8-22 Section Vlll. Particular Conditions environment as per THE EMPLOYER Safety Rules or continues the work even after being instructed to stop work by the Engineer as provided in para GCC 22.4.3J9 above, the Contractor shall promptly pay to THE EMPLOYER, on demand by the Owner, compensation at the rate of Rs.5, 000/- per day of part thereof rill the instructions are complied with and so cerlified by the Engineer. However, in case of accident taking place causing injury to any individual, the provisions contained in para GCC 22.4.3.24 shall also apply in addition to compensation mentioned in this para. PC22.4.3.24 If the Contractor does not take adequate safety precautions and/or fails to cornply with the Safety Rules as prescribed by THE EMPLOYER or under the applicable law for the safety of the equipment and plant or for the safety of personnel or the Contractor does not prevent hazardous conditions which cause injury to his own employees or employees of other Conlractors or THE EMPLOYER ernployees or any other person who are at Site or adjacent thereto, then the Contractor shail be responsible for payment of a sum as indicated below to be deposited"with THE EMPLOYER, which will be passed on by THE EMPLOYER to such person or next to kith and kin of the deceased: a. Fatal injury or Rs. 1,000,000/- per accident causing person death b. Major injuries or Rs. 100,000/- per accident causing 25% person or more permanent disablement Permanent disablement shall have same meaning as indicated in Workmen's Compensafion Act. The amount to be deposited with THE EMPLOYER and passed on to the person mentioned above shall be in addition to the compensation payable under the relevant provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act and rules framed there under or any other applicable laws as applicable from time to time- In case the Contractor does not deposit the above mentioned amount with THE EMPLOYER, such Packages NAG-DMS-01, NAG-DN,lS-02, Power System lmprovement Prqect Section Vlll. Particular Conditions f r L amount shall be recoverecl by THE EMPLOYER from any monies due or becoming due to the Conbractor under the contract or any other on-going contract. f f t't-lz.+-3-z) Ifthe Contractor observes all the Safety Rules and Codes, Statutory Laws and Rules during the currency of Contract ET awarded by the Owner and no accident occurs then THE EMPLOYER may consider the performance of the f Contractor and award suitabie 'ACCIDENT FREE f SAFETY MERITORIOUS AWARD' as per scheme as may be announced separately from time to time. f f; I-r PC22.4.3.26 The Conhactor shall also submit 'Safety Plan' as per proforma specified in Section IX: Contract Forms, Part-3 of Bidding Documents alongwith all the requisite f documents mentioned therein and as per check-list contained therein to the Engineer In-Charge for its f approval within 60 days of award of Contract. u f Further, one of the conditions for release of first progressive payment / subsequent payment towards f Services Contract shall be submission of 'Safety Pla4' alongwith all requisite documents and approval of the same by the Engineer In-Charge. PC 22.6 Emergency Work (GC Clause 22.6) Replace the words "Otherwise" with "In case such work is not in the scope of the Contractor", in the second last line of second paragraph of GC clause 22.6. PC 23.3 Supplementing sub-clause GC 23.3 For notification of testing, fo.r. *""k, shall be deemed as reasonable advance notice. PC23.7 Test and Inspection (GC Clause 23.7) Replace the words "GC Sub-Clause 6.1" with "GC Sub-Clause 46.1", in the last line of GC clause 23.7. ANNEXURE VIII Approved Labour License & Insurance Policy by Contractor l 7t- 2r/'r//t MIN YMENT OFFICE OF THE SSIONER (CENTRAL) COLLEGE ROAD, SIICHAR.788 OO4, ASSAM E-mail alc.sil-a@gov.in TELEPHONE NO. 03842-267330 \o. !6 ::3 20r&s/A Dated - 16. 04. 2018 To I/3 FOWER MECH PROJECTS LIMITED POWEN OruO CONPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED CONTRACTOR REPRESENTED THROUGH: ,ll Shri S. KISHORE BABU, CHARIMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR S/O SHESHAGIRI RAO SAJJA t2t Shri N. BHUPESH CHOWDARY, WHOLE TIME DIRECTOR & CEO S/O STHIRA.IULU NAGINENI r3l Shri G.D.V.PRASADA RAO, INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR S/O KRISHNA RAO GORIJAI"A 14| Shri SANToSH KUMAR SINHA, ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER (AGM-SMX) & PowER oF ATTORNEY S/O SHzuDHAR PRASAD SINHA REGISTERED & CORPORATE OFFICE: PI,oT NO. 77, JUBILEE ENCI"AVE, OPPOSITE HITEX VADIIAPUR, HYDERABAD - 5OOO81. E-matl lnfo@Powermech'net I M - O937llOSa42' &ry- GnPat:t Labour (Regulation and. Abolition) Act, 1970 and Conttact Labour Regulation & Abolition Central Ruleg 1971 , Issue of Licence to M/s POWER MECH PROJECTS LIMITED, POWER GRID C)R?ORATI)N OF INDIA LIMIiED CONTRACTOR, REGISTERED & CORPoRATE oFFICE: PLOT li2. 77, JUBILEE ENCLAVE, OPPOSITE HITEX, MADHAPUR' HMERABAD _ 5OOO81. Dc-k- please refer to your Application for Licence No. PMPL/PGCIL/NAG/SS-PKG/2018- 19/06 dated- IO-()i+J)18 atcsived at this office on to,o+.zots1 for issue of Licence under s€ction-12 (1) of the Contract l,abour tRrgtu zr -{bolition) Act, 1970. I, in accordaice with the plovisions under Section-12 (1) of tne said Act under the Autholity vested ur E 5 tb€ Ljcensing olhcer of the area hereby issue the Licence in FoRM-vI presc firc *gnf"riott ar,'d Abolition) Central Rules, 1971 against the work "Supply of Se.eice hcbGF-f$_SS.O4 including Transformer for (i) 132/33 KV Pfutsero (New) S/S and (ii) I u-o&---rmission System for Nagaland State associated with NER Power System Improvement Project. Specification \;o- cc-Cs 92-\-ER/SS-3622/ 1/c3 (NAG-SS-o4) & NoA No. cc-cS/92-NER/SS-3622/ 1/G3/NoAJI/7550 dated- 13.12-4-^7. Licence is issued without prejudice to the legal action taken or to be taken by the Department for not ot aiE4 ii:ase in the Past. receipt of the same. Eoe : O\El U Yours faitlrfully, Assistant l,abour C issioner (Centra.l) 6ovt.oftnd,, Goveinment of India ,'{i:r,itry o, SILCHAR irb;r, @-@-P: (11 flc tupuv (Central), 'ral), GUWAHATI. 12l Ttc Labur LUMDING. A copA of the application for Licence in FI.]?M-II receiued frrn tle Contractor fi.ereuith uid.e Licence No. CLA/ 106/2018-5/A dated-16.O4.2018 ho.s been gr@td -SrTi to the Contrador for 50 (FIFTY) Iabours. L A. Stwrma, Assistant General Manage1 Pouter Gid Cotporation of India Limited, IVERPSIP, xqoland" IJpper chandmai Lane, PWD Road, Opposite P\lD central store, Kohima-7970o 1, lqoland for information uide Licence No. CLA/ 106/2 PfroJrcTE LIMITED for 50 (FIFTY) labours. Assista,n Government of lndia SIrcHAR iir FORM-VI (sEE RULE- 25(1) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAIIOUR & EMPLOYMENT OFFICE OF THE LICENSING OFFICER AND ASSISTANT LABOUR COMMISSIONER {CENTRAL) COLLEGE ROAD. SILCHAR-788004. DIST. CACI{AR. ASSAM LICENCE NO. CLAI 106l20 18-S/A DATE: 16.04.2018 LICENCE Rs.38.00 Deposited through bharatkosh. gov.in vide FEE PAID (RUPEES THIRTY EIGHT) Transaction Ref. No. 1004180001454 ONLY dated - 10.04.201 LICENCE 1. Licence is hereby granted to M/s POWER MECH PROJECTS LIMITED, POWER GRID coRPoRATIoN oF INDIA LIMITED coNTRAcroR, REPRESENTED THROUGHT (t) shri s. KISHORE BABU, CHARIMAN & MANAGING DIREcroR, s/o SHESHAGIRI RAo SAJJA (2) sbri N. BHUPESH .- cHowDARY, wHoLE TIME DIRECToR & cEo, s/o ETHIRA"IULU NAGINENI (3) shri G.D.!.pRASADA RAo, INDEPENDENT DIREcroR, s/o KRISHNA RAo coRIJAt A (4) shri sANTosH KUMAR srNHA, ASSISTANT GENERAL MIINAGER (AGM-SMX) & POWER OF ATTORNEY, S/O SHRIDTIAR PRASAD SIN}IA. REGISTERED & CORPoRATE OFFICE: PLOT NO. 77 , JUBILEE ENCLAVE, OPPOSITE HITEX, MADI{APUR; ITDERABAD - 500081 under Section 12 (l) of the Contract l,abour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 19T6 subject to the conditions specilied in the ANNEXURE. 2. Tbe Licence is for doing the work - 'supply of Services contract for Substation package-NAG-SS- 04 including'Transformer for (4 132/33 KV Pfutsero (New) S/S and (ii) 132 Kv wokha s/s (Extn) under Transrnission System for Nagaland State associated with NER Power System ImproveEent Project. Spicilicirtion No. CC-CS,/92- NER/SS-3622/ 1/G3 (NAG-sS-o4) & NoA No. CC-CS/92-NER/SS-3622/ 1/G3/NoA-it/75so dated-l3. r2.2orz, n the establishment of Shri L. A. Sharma, Assistant General Manager, Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, NERPSIP, Nagaland, upper chandmari Lane, pwD Road, opposite pwD central store, Kohima- 79700l,Nagaland. 3. The Licence shall remain in force )ate:16.O4.2O18 J4 o;;i;" 2e) A NNEXUR E Ihe Licence slnll be non - Ttansferable. 2. as contract Labour in the est.,bristan'nr shalr m:XTffir##men"ewloaed not on ana d.a!, paid forthe grant, or as the case ?fr#n:ffiff:#:y"Hn;f.f"* tuts be, for reneuat of 4., not be less than the r.ates Aq i94B (r 1 of 1948), and t settlement or award, not 5. (b) tn rates,_hoMags, of e ltours 1lo.rk and. anditions of seruice of the workmen '{, such as mas be speci7ed tn tii" n"r,i}.is'r*"';;"d iTu# ^uo* Euery.Contract Labour sl.'.Il b. tn all',,ances, beneft5 foritities etc. as prescibed contact Labour (Resltration and :l?U-"! Aboritioi ;;,1;;i;;;19201 in the and. Rur.es mnde there under. No women shall be employed. by ang Contractor before 6 A.M. or after 7 p.M. hovided that this clause shaflltot ap-p.!-!1 and canteen and as mid,_wiues and. nurses !"3 e19a.^ent of uorkmen in pit head baths, crdches _ in HospitaLs rLnd DlspetTsanes. notifu ang clwnge in trle number of u.torkmen tr #;"3# or the conditions of trork to the 10. shall be disptaged. prominenttg at the premises t#;"y# :fnce u'here te contract uork is I t. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT LABOUR COMMISSIONER (CENTRAL) COLLEGE ROAD, SILCHAR-788 OO4, ASSAM E-mail a]c. sil- agasov. in TELEPHONE NO. 03842-267330 Dated:16.04.2018 No. s7 (89 ) I 2ola-s/A To M/s POWER MECH PROJECTS LIMITED POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED CONTRACTOR REPRESENTED THROUGH: {1) Shri S. KISHORE BABU, CHARIMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR S/O SHESHAGIzu RAO SAJJA Ol Shri N. BHUPESH CHOWDARY, WHOLE TIME DIRECTOR & CEO S/O gIHIRA.IULU NAGINENI {3) Shri G.D.V.PRASADA RAO, INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR S/O KRISHNA RAO GORIJAI"A @I ShTi SANTOSH KUMAR SINHA, ASSISTANT GDNERAL MANAGER (AGM-SMX) & POWER OF ATTORNEY S/O SHRIDHAR PRASAD SINHA REGISTERED&CORPORATEOFFICE:PLOTNOTT,JUBILEEENCIj'VE'OPPOSITEHITEX MADHAPUR,HYDERABAD_5oOO81.E-matlinfo@powermech'netll'-o937||o5s42' Subject: Buitding and Other Construction Worke I 1996 and Build.ing and Other Construction ruce) Central tuttJs, 1998 - Issue of Registratio GPJD C)RP)RATIC,N oF INDIA LIM.TED-CONTRACTOR, REGIS,IERED & CORPORATE OFFICE: PLOT NO. 77' _ JUBILEE ENCLAVE, OPPOSITE HITEX, MADIIAPUR, HYDERABAD 5OOO8 1 ' Dear Sir, please refer to your Application for Registration No. PMPL/PGCIL/NAG/SS'PKG/ 2018'19/06 dated- 10.04.2018 (received at this office o.t-iO.O+.ZO1S1 in respect of Registration under Section 7(3) of the Building and ottrer construction workers (Regulation of Employment and condition of service) Act, 1996. I, in accordancJwith the provisions under Section-7 (3) of the said Act under the Authority vested to me as the Registering Ofhcer of tlle area hereby issue the Registration in FORM-II prescribed under the Building ard Other Constriction Workers (Regulation of Emplo]'rnent rd Condition of Serrrice) Act, 1996 against the work "Supply oi S"*i""" Contract for Substation Pactage-NAG-SS-04 including Transformer for (i) 132/33 KV Pfutsero (New) S/S and (ii) 132 KV Wokha S/S {Extn) under Tiansmission System for Naga-latrd State associated with NER Power System Improvement project. Specitication No. CC-CS/92-NER/SS-3622/ 1/G3 (NAG-SS-o4) & NOA No. CC-CS/92-NER/SS- 3622 / | lG3lNOA-ll/7550 dated- 13.12.20\7". The without prejudice to the legal action taten or to be taken by the Department for not obtaining Please Enclo: 1 (One) rt,\ Yours faithfuily, "^::T"r,y:",, E"rl.y",",; \.r n",i 5 Assista-ntLabour issioner(Central) <\t'1r o?rarru.-tf! ,r., _ /; e",;;.,., ;,.". ? 4 -^ Govemment of India SILCHAR 9ep!-@e4E4-b.: (1) The Deputg \e; Chief :,v(Centrdl), GUWAHATL (2) The Labour ), LUMDING. A copA of the qpplication for Regi.strolion in FORM-I receiued dated - 16.04.2018 from the Contiactor is eniiosed. hereutith vide Registration No. REG/ BOCW 89/ 2O18-S/A hos been granted to the Contractor for 5O (FIFTYI labours Sh.i L. A. Sharma, Assistant General Manager' Pou)er of India Limited, NERPSiP, Nagaland, Upper Chandmai Lane, PWD Road" N ag atand for info rmati o n. Assistant FORM-N {See RuIe - 24(1)} No. REG/ BOCW 89/ 2O1 8-S/ A Date: 16. 04. 2018 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF IABOUR & EMPLOYMENT OFFICE OF THE REGISTERING OFFICER & ASSISTANT LABOUR COMMISSIONER (CENTRAL) , A certiflcote of Regi.strqtian is herebg granted. under 's\,b-Section (3) of Section-7 of the Building and Other Constnration Woiters lfizgutition of Emplogmeit and Condition of Service) Act, 1996 aail the rules m.ode there under to M/s PowER MEcIl.PKa]EcTs LMTIDD, PowER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA L]MITED CONTRACTOR, REPRASEIyTED 'I'IIROUGH:(1) Shn S. KISIIORE BABU, CIIARIMAN & MANAGING DIREC'r1O?" S/O SHESI{AGIRI RAO SAJJA (4 Slvi N. BHWESH CHOWDARY, WHOLE G.D.V.PRASADA RAA INDEPENDEI'IT DIREC"TOR, S/ ASSTSfAI{r GEjVER4' MANAGER (AGM-SW) & POWER OF & CORPORATE OFFICE: PLOT NO. 77, JIJBILEE ENCLAW OPPOS0E HITEX, MADHAPUR' HWERABAD - 50OO81 having the follouing partiantars subiec.t to conditions laid, daun in the Annentre I Postal dddress / loution u.ttere M/s POWER MECH PROJECTS LIM0ED' POWER GRID CORPORATION OF building orother @nsfiuction work is INDIA LIMITED CONTRAC'IOR, work Site At - Seruices Corltract for to be carried on bg the furyrloger Substation Package-NAGSS-)4 inctuding Tlansformer for (i) 132/33 Kv Pfutserc (Neu) S/S dnd (ii) 132 KV Wokln S/S (Ertn) und.et Tlansmission Sgstem for Nagaland Stdte Q.ssociated uith NER Pouer Sgstem ImDrovement Proied 2 Name and address of emploger itnluding locatiotl ofthe building & ottrer I As ahoue in Sl' No.l @nstrudion uork Name and, pemnnerLt address of thc M/ s POWER MECH PRAJECTS LIMITED, POWER GRID CORPORATION OF estoblblv@nt. INDIA LIMITED CONTRACTOR, REGISTERED & CORNMTE OFFICE: PLOT NO. 77, JUBILEE ENCLAW, OPPOSITE HITEX, MADHAPUR, LIYDERABAD _, 500081 4 Nature oJ uork in uhich buildirtg Supplg of Serui@s Coftlact for Substation Pocka4e-NAGSgO4 iacluding uorkers arc emploged. or ore to be Ttansfodner for (i) 132/ 33 Kv finselo (New) S/S ond (ii) 132 KV Wokha enptryed. S/ S @rtd und.er Transmission fusten for Nagaland State a.ssociated uith NER Pouer Sqstem Inlprovenent Prcject. Specification No. CC-CS/ 92- NER/ 55-3622/ 1/G3 (NAG-SSO4) & NOA No. CC-CS/ 92-NER/SS- 3622/ 1/ G3/ NOA-II/ 7550 dated-13.12.2O17 5 Maximum rutmber oJ building uorkers s0(Frrl'Y)Nos. to be enqloged on artg dag bg tle efttDlouer Probabte d.dte of cDmnencenent and 30. 1 1.2017 TO 30.05.2020 clnDletion ofu)ork .#lR. 7 K ri { Place: SIrcHAR : Date: 16.04.2018 [q (a) The certificate of t wDt! '{iii7W1"7ir.-" h) The rutmber of rut &fr in the estabtishmed n'80 gel,'#Mih" maxitnum nurnbet re gistration. the ct ,rtifcqt e of 'l&'qJt- (c) S(rue or provided, in these rules, tle fees paid for tle grant of registrolion certificate shalt be non-refwndable. (d) Thc rates of uages paAable to building uorkers bg the emploAer slnll not be le-ss than tlLe rates prescibed under tlg Minimum woges A4 1948 (E of 1948) for such enplogm.ent ullere awlic&le, atd where the rates trolE been fixed bg agreenent, selllenent or award' nat (e) n@ emploger shail complg withthe Prouisiot],s ofttle Act ANNEXURE IX Safety Checklists NERPSIP, NAGALAND Safety Check List Voltage Level: 32 .