Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN - ADDENDAANDSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION, JANUARY 2005 - VOLUME 1: INTRODUCTION AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES VOLUME 2: NAKAI PLATEAU ­ EMDP AND RAP VOLUME 3: DOWNSTREAM AREAS ­ EMDP, RESETTLEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION VOLUME 4: PROJECT LANDS RESETTLEMENT (ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION) PLAN Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN - ADDENDA AND SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION, JANUARY 2005 - Summary Table of Content VOLUME 1: INTRODUCTION AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES Vol. 1 Chapters: 1 Introduction 2 Project Description 3 Legal and Policy Framework 4 Public Consultation, Participation and Disclosure 5 Health Impact Assessment and Public Health Action Plan 6 Organisational Framework and Responsibilities 7 Institutional Capacity Building and Staff Training 8 Risk Management Framework, Monitoring and Evaluation 9 EMDP Executive Summary Appendices: A Concession Agreement B Relevant Safeguard Policies of IFIs (WB and ADB) C National Legal and Policy Documents D Legal Instruments specific to the NT2 Project (Social Component) E Gender Action Plan ­ Addendums and Edits for SDP F IAG and POE Comments on the SDP G National Public Consultation Workshop H Bibliography VOLUME 2: NAKAI PLATEAU ­ EMDP AND RAP VOL. 2 PART 1: INTRODUCTION Executive Summary 10 Geographical Framework, Description of Impacts and Entitlements 11 Baseline Data ­ Nakai Plateau VOL. 2 PART 2: ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE NAKAI PLATEAU 12 Ethnicity and Project Planning 13 EMDP Baseline Data 14 Participation 15 Mitigation Measures 16 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity 17 Monitoring and Evaluation 18 Scheduling and Financing VOL. 2 PART 3: RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR THE NAKAI PLATEAU 19 Resettlement Site Selection and Land Tenure 20 Resettlement Infrastructure Development 21 Agriculture and Livestock Development 22 Irrigation System Planning 23 Forestry Management and Utilisation, Nakai Resettlement Area 24 Nakai Reservoir Fisheries Development and Management New or completely revised Chapter / Appendix Chapter partly revised ­ addendum covers selected sections 25 Livelihood Integration and Income Scenarios ­ Transition to Stability 26 Social Development and Community Strengthening 27 Consolidated Schedule of Plateau Resettlement Activities 28 Summary of Plateau/Reservoir Resettlement Budget Appendices: A Nakai Plateau Notification, Registration, Socio-economic Survey B Demonstration Farms C Pilot Village Experience D Agriculture and Livestock Development Modeling E Nakai Plateau Forestry Background Documents F Khamkerd Resettlement Village Site Planning G Sample of Family Labour and Time Profile H Process for Wealth Ranking in Villages VOLUME 3: DOWNSTREAM AREAS ­ EMDP, RESETTLEMENT AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION Vol. 3 Chapters: Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Baseline Data 3 Legal and Policy Framework and Entitlements 4 Description of Environmental Impacts 5 Description of Social Impacts 6 Public Consultation, Participation and Disclosure ­ Downstream Areas 7 Ethnic Minority Development Plan ­ Downstream Areas 8 Mitigation, Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration 9 Monitoring, Evaluation and Grievance Procedures Appendices: A Xe Bangfai Socio-economic Survey (2001) VOLUME 4: PROJECT LANDS ­ RESETTLEMENT (ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION) PLAN Vol. 4 Chapters: Executive Summary 1 Project Description 2 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts 3 Socio-economic Information and PAP Profiles 4 Ethnic Minority Framework for Project Lands 5 Policy and Legal Framework 6 Consultations and Participation in Compensation Planning 7 Resettlement, Livelihood Restoration Strategy and Budget 8 Organizational Framework and Responsibilities 9 Implementation Schedule 10 Monitoring and Evaluation Appendices: A Formats use for Data Collection and Land Registration B Folio of Photo-Maps of L.P.A. CONSTRUCTION PHASE SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN New or completely revised Chapter / Appendix Chapter partly revised ­ addendum covers selected sections Chapter 1: Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1 1.1 THE NT2 PROJECT ......................................................................................................1 1.2 PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN .........................................................................4 1.3 IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................5 1.4 ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEMOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK...................................................7 1.4.1 Provinces and Districts...................................................................................................................................7 1.4.2 Zonation...........................................................................................................................................................7 1.5 ORGANISATION OF VOLUME 3.................................................................................... 10 List of Tables Table 1-1: Summary of the probable Environment and Social (Livelihood) Impacts of the NT2 Project in and along the Xe Bangfai. ............................................................................................. 8 List of Figures Figure 1-1: Project Features Map........................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 1-2: Provincial and District Administrative Boundaries and NT2 Xe Bangfai Zones................... 9 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 i Chapter 1: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE NT2 PROJECT A full Project Description is provided in the SDP, Volume 1, Chapter 1, and the EAMP Chapter 2. The Nam Theun 2 (NT2) hydroelectric scheme in Khammouane, Bolikhamxay and Savannakhet Provinces in central Laos involves constructing a dam on the Nam Theun River, and the creation of a 450 square kilometre reservoir on the Nakai Plateau (See figure 1-1). Water from the reservoir will be diverted into a tunnel excavated in Phu Ark escarpment, and drop about 350 meters to the turbines located in a Powerhouse at the foot of the escarpment. Immediatly below the powerhosue, a regulating pond/dam will regulate flowss in to the into the Xe Bang Fai (XBF) river through a 27 kilometre, purpose-built downstream channel. The Project will also construct transmission lines to Thakhek and the Thai border, build or upgrade 150 km. of roads, and establish a number of rock quarries and soil deposit sites. The NT2 Project is a Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT) scheme to be developed by the Nam Theun 2 Power Company (NTPC), a limited company registered under Lao law. Major shareholders are the Lao Government (25% equity), EDF International (35% equity), EGCO of Thailand (25% equity), and Italian- Thai Development Public Company (25% equity). NT2 will generate an estimated USD 235 million gross annual revenues from the sale of electricity to Thailand. During the 25 year concession period, GOL will receive an average of USD 80 million a year from taxes, royalties and dividends, a large proportion of which will be used for poverty alleviation programs nationwide. NT2 will also fund the management of the globally important Nakai Nam Theun Protected Area which forms the watershed area of the NT2 Project. The Nam Theun 2 Project will impound waters of the Nam Theun river ('nam' meaning river in middle and northern Lao) just below the Nakai plateau. The waters will then be diverted from the Nam Theun river basin to the Xe Bangfai river basin via a tunnel in the Phu Ark mountain. These waters will pass thru electricity generating turbines into a regulating pond at the foot of Phu Ark mountain, after which regulated flows (of about 220 cumecs on average, with maximum of up to 330 cumecs) will be released into a 27km long downstream channel which flows, via the Nam Phit, directly to the Xe Bangfai river, entering about 9.5 km upstream from Mahaxai town, and 159 km upstream from the confluence with the Mekong river. (See Volume 1, Chapter 2 for a full project description). The downstream areas whose livelihoods may be impacted by these changes in hydrological regimes and water quality are: The Nam Theun river ­ downstream of dam and upstream (watershed); The Nam Phit and Nam Kathang; The Xe Bangfai, mainstream and hinterland villages XBF The Xe Bangfai river ('Xe' meaning river in southern Lao) is 386 km long from its source on the border between Laos and Vietnam to its confluence with the Mekong river, on the border between Laos and Thailand. The total area of its watershed is about 9,562 km2, of which 4,253 km2 are above the confluence of the downstream channel and about 5,309 km2 below the confluence. A total of 89 villages are located on the section of the Xe Bangfai river (and the Xe Noy tributary) that will be affected in some way by the NT2 project, although 18 of these villages will experience backwater affects only. In addition, there are about 69 non mainstream villages (hinterland villages) in which some of the households travel to the Xe Bangfai river to catch fish or collect aquatic products. That is, in the case of the non mainstream villages, the impacts will only be on those households who may from time to time fish in the Xe Bangfai (see Chapters 2 and 5). January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Nam Phit and Nam Kathang Water from the Nakai Reservoir will be let into the Xe Bangfai via mainly the Downstream Channel, which is partly embedded in Nam Phit (see Chapter 2 and Figure 2-2). A small amount of water (similar to the current, naturally flowing water) will be let through Nam Kathang as the supply of this river is cut off by the Downstream Channel. Nam Theun The area downstream the Nakai dam will be impacted by the reduced flow in the Nam Theun, since discharge will be limited to the minimum Riparian Release of 2 m3/s on the stretch between the dam and the Nam Phao tributary. There are no permanent settlements or established villages along this reach of the river, but some households (around 415) from nearby villages occasionally use this reach for their fishing activity. The area upstream of the future reservoir (the watershed) will be impacted as fish migration will be blocked by the dam. The change in the discharge regime due to the transferral of waters from the Nam Theun river has prompted various environmental and socioeconomic studies to be undertaken, as described in Chapter 2. These surveys and studies have provided valuable baseline data on which the NT2 Project has developed a program to mitigate and compensate for the predicted negative impacts that will follow the release of the NT2 waters into the XBF, to fully consult with and involve those people who may be affected and to facilitate the development of the region as a whole. This program has the following main components: (i) Incorporation of engineering design features to minimize environmental and social impacts, such as the intake channel, which will withdraw preferentially water from the oxygenated epilimnion in the dry season; the regulating pond (avoiding most variable flows into the XBF which would otherwise have resulted from the peak load operation of the powerhouse), the downstream channel (avoiding discharge into a small watercourse), the aeration weir in the downstream channel and the riverbank protection at the confluence of the downstream channel and the Xe Bangfai and improved dykes and water gates. (ii) The conduct of studies, and surveys in order to define current livelihood that may be impacted and predict the type of level of impacts. (iii) The mitigation in and along the XBF itself, where (a) selected sections of the riverbank will be protected against erosion, (b) village water supplies will be improved, if required, and (c) resolution of the problem of decreased dry season river crossing due to increased dry season flows and flood management. (iv) The compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration, whereby all and any negative impacts on villagers' socio-economy - mainly in fisheries and riverbank gardens - will be compensated and livelihoods restored, although the exact method and options to be implemented will depend on the on-going consultations with affected villagers. This program will be fully coordinated with the planned Xe Bangfai development program. (v) The conduct of on-going consultations in which (a) villagers are fully informed of predicted impacts and their rights to compensation and livelihood restoration, (b) villagers are encouraged to voice their concerns and forward proposals for mitigation and compensation approaches and activities, and (c) the villagers are fully involved in pilot compensation implementation and then the monitoring of impacts. (vi) The participatory monitoring program in which villagers work with GOL and NTPC to observe and measure the environmental impacts of the Project and any resultant socio-economic impacts, and adjust the compensation and development program accordingly. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 2 Chapter 1: Introduction Figure 1-1: Project Features Map January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.2 PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN This Downstream Areas Plan reflects ADB and World Bank safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement, which have the following objectives: (i) "to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever feasible; (ii) to minimize resettlement where population displacement is unavoidable by choosing alternative viable project options; and (iii) where involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, to ensure that affected people receive assistance, preferably under the project, so that they will be at least as well off as they would have been in the absence of the project. The main issues which have been investigated and considered in the development of mitigation and compensation and livelihood restoration strategies and plans in relation to the probable impacts in and along the Xe Bangfai and Nam Theun rivers, as a result of the NT2 projects flows into that river, include the following: 1. A prediction now of the potential physical impacts of erosion and flooding on riverside assets and gardens, water pumps, river access and electrification, and related incomes and livelihoods, which will vary depending on the zone or location along the river; 2. A prediction now of the potential impact on fisheries and aquatic resources due to the hydrology and water quality, and related impacts on incomes and livelihoods; 3. A prediction now of the potential impacts of flooding on agricultural lands; 4. Identification of affected villages and estimation of the population of those villages; 5. An understanding of the current livelihoods and income that may be impacted and current flooding patterns; 6. Developing consensus with regard to (a) the type of compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration options and then estimation of the cost of compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration, and (b) the process and scheduling of the compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration program. Based on the need to address these impacts and issues, the NT2 Project's mitigation and compensation and livelihood restoration strategy has taken the following approaches to key issues: · The delimitation of Project Affected People (PAP) and Project Affected Villages (PAVs) as being those households and persons living along the XBF mainstream, from just upstream of the junction of the downstream channel and the XBF, to the Mekong River, plus some villages along the lower reaches of the Xe Noy. For fisheries impacts, the population of PAP also includes those villagers who live somewhat distant from the XBF mainstream (hinterland villages) but who may go to the XBF to catch fish or gather aquatic products, plus Nam Theun hinterland villages (downstream the Nakai Dam) · The delimitation of zones along the Downstream Areas, based on river morphology, hydrology and distance from the downstream channel confluence, zones which may experience differential impacts as for example impact is expected to decrease in the Lower Xe Bangfai area. · Notwithstanding the fact that the NTPC is responsible only for compensating negative impacts caused by the Project, it will still be fully engaged to ensure its compensation activities are integrated with the GoLs rural development and poverty alleviation programs in the area. · The actual compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration program will depend largely on community consensus. While the Project favours the development of direct alternatives to impacted livelihoods, such as 'fish for fish' and 'gardens for gardens', some communities may request support for some type of irrigation, generally for integrated cropping and fish farming, which as both these activities require the pumping of water, should be able to be compromised. In any case, consultations will reveal the full range of villager preferred options for compensation linked to their socio-economic development perspectives January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 4 Chapter 1: Introduction · The NT2 Project will develop detailed compensation plans and implementation schedules prior to COD, based on the best predicted impacts. While some of the programs will be implemented fully prior to COD, and some will be implemented at pilot scale. These plans for post COD activities will be designed so that they can be scaled up or down to respond to the actual impact situation. · Definition of Compensation. Compensation in the current document is defined as resettlement and/or livelihood restoration where and when applicable. This implies that the Project aims at providing new houses where current houses will not be habitable in future (e.g. due to river bank erosion), and restoring livelihoods where these have been negatively impacted by the Project. Compensation relates to assistance to be provided to Project Affected People (PAPs) and/or Project Affected Villages (PAVs) for any negative socio-economic impact caused by the change in Xe Bangfai and Nam Theun flows and water quality due to the NT2 Project. Thus, compensation will be applicable to impacts such as · Reduction in mainstream fisheries catch; · Inability to establish dry season riverbank gardens and fields due to increased river levels and erosion; and · Difficulties in dry season crossing of the XBF river. The level of actual compensation required will be confirmed before project commissioning and actually assessed regularly after project commissioning. As a general rule, the type of compensation to be given will be identified by community review and consensus, on a household by household or village by village basis. However, it is possible to present the compensation options as having three general types, as follows: · Direct restoration or rehabilitation of impacted livelihoods, such as `fish for fish', `gardens for gardens', and the like; · Restoration of impacted livelihoods in terms of rehabilitation of incomes or protein ­ for example the development of cattle raising programs to compensate for loss in fish catch; or · The community may decide that they do not require income or food-based livelihood restoration as such, but more community development type activities. 1.3 IMPACTS Xe Bangfai The release of reservoir waters into the Xe Bangfai River will result in the river progressively modifying its geomorphology and ecosystem. Thus, the riparian population will have to adapt and modify livelihood which may be impacted by these increased water flows (an average of 220 m3/s to 330 m3/s will be added to current Xe Bangfai River flow, which is 13 m3/s on a monthly average in April and 920 on a monthly average in August) and modification of water quality. The NT2 Project will have both positive and negative impacts on: · Riverside gardens: There will be some losses of riverbank gardens because of higher water levels (+ 5 m in dry season and + 1.5 m in wet season at Mahaxai) and some erosion of the riverbanks in the upper reaches, in the early years. · Riverside assets: There may be losses of some riverside buildings due to the predicted erosion ­ due to the clear NT2 waters picking up sediment from the river banks, and to the weekly fluctuations. Erosion may be up to 20 m in some early stretches in the upper section, below downstream channel junction, although over what time frame is unknown. · Fisheries: There will be a decrease of fish catch (and aquatic product collection) in Xe Bangfai, Nam Phit and Nam Theun Downstream due to (a) modification of habitat as a result of increased dry season and some sedimentation of habitats; (b) possible effects of water quality in the early years, (c) more difficult fishing in the higher/faster waters in Xe Bangfai and (d) less water in Nam Theun Downstream. In terms of biodiversity, while there are no endemic fish species in the Xe Bangfai River, some species may be extirpated and others may flourish. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 5 Chapter 1: Introduction · Domestic water: While poor water quality in the early years (as the reservoir eutrophication stabilises) may result in the inability to use Xe Bangfai waters for domestic uses, higher ground water will make it easier and more reliable to extract well water. In the long run, it is anticipated that reservoir waters and downstream releases will be of reasonable quality. · Irrigation: Though modified water flow may require some modification to the flexible pump-to- supply connections, the overwhelming positive benefit will be the considerably more water during dry season, allowing (a) more reliable dry season irrigation with (b) cheaper pumping cost (savings of 28% in upper section and of 15% in mid-lower sections). · Access and Transportation: Higher water will make dry season river crossing more difficult, but will improve boat navigation along the river. · Flooding of Lower Xe Bangfai: Increased discharge will lead to increased flooding in terms of area, depth and duration. Rice production will be affected negatively and fish production in the wetlands is likely to benefit. Nam Phit The impacts on the Nam Phit are due to the fact that for much of its length it will be incorporated into the downstream channel. Impacts will include; · The upstream of the Nam Phit being isolated, and thus cut off by the Channel, in terms of fish migration, although there may be backwater effect that could provide a habitat for surviving fish species. · The velocity of water, 4.0 m/s in the upstream lined section and at 2.3 m/s in the downstream unlined section, will be too high for most of fish species to maintain a habitat or migrate. A more comprehensive summary of the probable environment and social impacts of the NT2 Project in and along the Xe Bangfai are presented in Table 1-1 and presented in Chapters 4 and 5. Nam Kathang Impacts of the Project on the Nam Kathang are expected to be very limited, mostly due to the conservation of the hydrologic pattern of the river and the water quality improvement of the water released from the regulating dam through the aerating device ("hydraulic jump"). The water may however no longer be suitable for domestic use, and this impact will be compensated through the construction of open wells or tube wells. Nam Theun - Downstream Environmental impacts on the stretch of the river comprised between the Nakai Dam and the first main tributary ­ the Nam Phao ­ will be quite significant. It is assumed that most of the current fish population will disappear, due to the changes in hydrology and hence in natural habitats. However, the social impact should remain very limited in this area, since few hinterland villages use the affected stretch for fishing. Nam Theun ­ Upstream (Watershed) It is expected that migratory fish in the Nam Theun will be impacted by the Dam. However, migration is to some extent already inhibited by the Nam Theun Hinboun Dam. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 6 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.4 ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEMOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK 1.4.1 Provinces and Districts The Xe Bangfai flows mainly through Khammouane Province in the central Lao PDR, and in its lower reaches forms the border between Khammouane and Savannakhet Provinces. In Khammouane Province, the Upper Xe Bangfai originates in Boualapha District before flowing into Mahaxai District, the first District in relation to NT2 Project impacts. Tributaries in the region flow to the Xe Bangfai from Gnommalat and Xaibouathong Districts. The river then flows through Xe Bangfai District before entering the Lower Xe Bangfai flood plain, in which it forms the southern border of Nongbok District, Khammouane Province, and the northern border of Xaybouli District, Savannakhet Province. 1.4.2 Zonation As impacts of the NT2 Project are expected to decrease progressively downstream of the Xe Bangfai and downstream channel confluence, and because of the different natural topography of the impacted areas along the Xe Bangfai, the NT2 Project has disaggregated sectors or zones of the Xe Bangfai, as follows: Upstream of Upper XBF: The area above the confluence of the downstream channel and the Xe Bangfai, which will experience backwater affect. Upper Xe Bangfai: The area below the confluence of the downstream channel and the Xe Bangfai, down to the Phu Soy range which presents a certain physical barrier. Middle Xe Bangfai: That area below the Phu Soy range until the start of the Xe Bangfai flood plan, just below the Road 13 Bridge. Lower Xe Bangfai: The natural flood plain of the Xe Bangfai, which is influenced by Mekong river backwater. Figure 1-2 illustrates the distribution of districts within which the Xe Bangfai flows, and the identification of the four zones along the Xe Bangfai in relation to the NT2 project. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 7 onti sed + water ) 8 - oductrnI:1 flow + + body Increa (larger e ) or apter wn, g by Ch anghc ed wno ets of ) gilln ) nt me ion drawdo drawup) - awninps osp - - - - - - Hydraulics- altin ex drawd esrgabg ay randedts hooks age pin (erosion) Bangfai. 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Figure 1-2: Provincial and District Administrative Boundaries and NT2 Xe Bangfai Zones. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 9 1.5 ORGANISATION OF VOLUME 3 Chapter 2 presents baseline data on demographics, ethnicity and livelihoods for PAPs in the various impact zones. Chapter 3 presents the legal and policy framework relevant to Downstream Areas as well as entitlement of PAPs. Chapter 4 describes the environmental impacts of the Project in the Downstream Areas. Chapter 5 describes the social impact of the Project. Chapter 6 presents the public consultation, participation and disclosure process implemented in and planned for the Downstream Areas. Chapter 7 holds the Ethnic Minority Development Plan in the Downstream Areas. Chapter 8 presents the mitigation, resettlement and livelihood restoration for Downstream Areas. Chapter 9 provides the monitoring, evaluation and grievance procedures. ********** * * * ********** January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 10 Chapter 2: Baseline Data CHAPTER 2 BASELINE DATA Table of Content 2.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODS....................................................................................1 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC BASELINE ...........................................................................................2 2.2.1 Downstream Nam Theun................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2.2 Nam Phit.............................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.3 Nam Kathang...................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Project Affected People along the XBF Mainstream, and Hinterland Fishers ....................................... 7 2.2.5 People Affected by Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai ................................................................................... 15 2.3 ETHNICITY................................................................................................................18 2.3.1 Ethnic Groups in the NT2 Watershed/ NPA ............................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Ethnic Groups Downstream of the Dam (Riparian)................................................................................. 20 2.3.3 Ethnic Groups along Nam Phit..................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.4 Ethnic Groups along Nam Gnom / Nam Kathang .................................................................................. 22 2.3.5 Ethnic Groups along Xe Bangfai .................................................................................................................. 22 2.4 HOUSEHOLD INCOME ...............................................................................................25 2.5 FLOODING OF THE LOWER XE BANGFAI...................................................................27 2.6 FISHERIES IN THE NAM THEUN DOWNSREAM AREA................................................34 2.6.1 Ranking of Fishing Location.......................................................................................................................... 34 2.6.2 Fish Catch.......................................................................................................................................................... 34 2.6.3 Aquatic Products .............................................................................................................................................. 37 2.6.4 Income................................................................................................................................................................ 38 2.7 FISHERIES ON THE NAM PHIT AND NAM KATHANG.................................................38 2.7.1 Fisheries on the Nam Phit .............................................................................................................................. 38 2.7.2 Fisheries on the Nam Kathang ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.8 FISHERIES ON THE XE BANGFAI................................................................................40 2.8.1 Ranking of Fisheries Locations...................................................................................................................... 40 2.8.2 Fishing Techniques and Gears....................................................................................................................... 41 2.8.3 Fish Consumption and Sale............................................................................................................................ 42 2.8.4 Aquaculture........................................................................................................................................................ 42 2.8.5 Current Fisheries and Aquatic Products Catch and Incomes................................................................... 43 2.8.6 Fishing Effort in the Xe Bangfai by Hinterland Village Fishers.............................................................. 46 2.9 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND IRRIGATION .......................................................47 2.10 RIVER BANK GARDENS ..............................................................................................54 2.10.1 Types of River Bank Gardens........................................................................................................................ 54 2.10.2 Tenure of Gardens........................................................................................................................................... 54 2.10.3 Area of Gardens, and Gardening Households............................................................................................ 55 2.11 LIVESTOCK AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY......................................................................60 2.12 DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES .....................................................................................60 2.12.1 Nam Phit............................................................................................................................................................ 60 2.12.2 Nam Kathang.................................................................................................................................................... 61 2.12.3 Xe Bangfai.......................................................................................................................................................... 63 2.13 ASSETS ALONG THE XBF ...........................................................................................65 2.13.1 Riverside Buildings........................................................................................................................................... 65 2.13.2 Description of Temples................................................................................................................................... 66 2.13.3 Two Downstream Villages in Xe Bangfai District ..................................................................................... 66 2.14 ACCESS ACROSS THE XBF ..........................................................................................67 2.15 ELECTRIFICATION.....................................................................................................68 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 i Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.16 HEALTH STATUS........................................................................................................71 2.16.1 General Health Status...................................................................................................................................... 71 2.16.2 Diseases Endemic to the Downstream......................................................................................................... 71 2.16.3 Nutritional and Reproductive Health Problems......................................................................................... 73 2.16.4 General Health Situation................................................................................................................................. 73 2.16.5 Health Facilities In and Adjacent to the Project Area ............................................................................... 75 2.17 EDUCATION...............................................................................................................75 List of Annexes Annex 2-1: Coordinates, Elevation and Location of Right Bank, Xe Bangfai................................................77 Annex 2-2: Coordinates, Elevation and Location of Left Bank, Xe Bangfai ............................................... 108 Annex 2-3: Photos of Tributary Structures along Lower Xe Bangfai............................................................ 131 Annex 2-4: Relative Importance of Water Sources for Various Water Uses in Dry and Wet Season in Villages along Nam Phit. .................................................................................................................. 137 Annex 2-5: Relative Importance of Water Sources for Various Water Uses in Dry and Wet Season, by Village, Gnommalath District.......................................................................................................... 139 Annex 2-6: Relative Importance of Water Sources for Various Water Uses in Dry and Wet Season on the Xe Bangfai, by Village and District................................................................................................. 145 List of Tables Table 2-1: Number of Households in 21 Villages surveyed, Nam Theun Downstream Area......................2 Table 2-2: Population Data for Villages along Nam Phit / Houay Khama and other Villages using this river (mainly for fisheries) .....................................................................................................................5 Table 2-3: List of Villages along Nam Kathang and Household Numbers .....................................................7 Table 2-4: Demography of Mainstream Villages ('01) and Hinterland Fishers ('04), by District..................8 Table 2-5: Demography of Mainstream Villages (2001) and Hinterland Fishers (2004), by Zone ..............8 Table 2-6: XBF Mainstream Villages - by Zone - and their household populations, 2001 ...........................9 Table 2-7: XBF Mainstream PAP Villages - by District - and population, 2001...........................................10 Table 2-8: Hinterland Villages and their Fishers, by Zone (2004)...................................................................12 Table 2-9: Hinterland Villages and their Fishers, by District (2004) ...............................................................13 Table 2-10: Rice Field Area and Populations of Villages Affected by Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai. ......15 Table 2-11: NPA Enclave Village Population (2001-Nakai District) and Ethnic Groups (IUCN 1998)....19 Table 2-12: Ethnic Groups and Demography in Nam Theun Downstream Area .........................................20 Table 2-13: Summary of declared Ethno-Linguistic category of both Male and Female Head of Households - Mainstream Xe Bangfai Villages, 2004.....................................................................23 Table 2-14: Sources of Income (Cash and Imputed) of Xe Bangfai Mainstream Villagers, as surveyed in 2001.........................................................................................................................................................26 Table 2-15: Features and Location of Flood Gates and other Tributary Structures, Lower Xe Bangfai....32 Table 2-16: Ranking of Importance of Waterbodies, Nam Theun Downstream Area..................................34 Table 2-17: Number of Fishers and Catch for each Water Body in the Nam Theun Downstream Area. .35 Table 2-18: Number of Households and Amount of Aquatic Animals Collected for each Water Body in the Nam Theun Downstream Area...................................................................................................36 Table 2-19: List of Villages Fishing in Nam Phit and Annual Catch of Fish, other Aquatic Animals and Aquatic Plants........................................................................................................................................39 Table 2-20: Relative Importance of Fishing Venues, Nam Gnom / Nam Kathang......................................40 Table 2-21: Estimated Catch of Fish from Nam Gnom / Nam Kathang. ......................................................40 Table 2-22: Qualitative Ranking Importance of Fishing Venues.......................................................................41 Table 2-23: Monthly and Annual Catch by Gear, Location and Season...........................................................42 Table 2-24: Relative Importance of Consumption and Sale of Fish and Aquatic Products..........................42 Table 2-25: Average Household Monthly and Annual Fish Catch, by Season and Location, as Estimated from 2001 XBF Survey (Fisheries Component)..............................................................................43 Table 2-26: Average Household Fish Catch and Imputed Income from the XBF and from Non-XBF Sources, in Two Seasons, as Determined from the 2001 XBF Survey, by Zone.......................43 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 ii Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-27: Average Household Fish Catch (of mainstream villages) from XBF and from Non-XBF Sources, in Two Seasons (2001 XBF Survey, fisheries component)............................................44 Table 2-28: Number of Fishers, Frequency of Fishing and Estimated Annual Catch in Xe Bangfai by Villagers from Hinterland Villages, 2004 ..........................................................................................47 Table 2-29: Indicative Paddy Areas and Irrigation Pumps, XBF Villages, 2003 .............................................48 Table 2-30: Size of and Households Having River Garden Areas in Mahaxai, Xe Bangfai, Nongbok and Xaybouli Districts, 2004 (ha). .............................................................................................................55 Table 2-31: Areas and Crops of Riverside Gardens by Village, Mahaxay District..........................................56 Table 2-32: Areas and Crops of Riverside Gardens by Village, Xe Bangfai District......................................57 Table 2-33: Areas and Crops of Riverside Gardens by Village, Nongbok District.........................................58 Table 2-34: Areas and Crops of Riverside Gardens by Village, Xaybouli District..........................................59 Table 2-35: Average Number of Livestock per Household................................................................................60 Table 2-36: Relative Importance (ranking points) of Dry Season Water Sources for Various Water Uses in 20 Villages of Gnommalath District along Nam Kathang.............................................................62 Table 2-37: Relative Importance (ranking points) of Wet Season Water Sources for Various Water Uses in 20 Villages of Gnommalath District along Nam Kathang.............................................................62 Table 2-38: Relative importance (ranking points) of Dry Season water sources for various water uses in 110 Villages of Gnommalath, Mahaxay, Xe Bangfai, Nongbok and Xaybouli Districts,. ........64 Table 2-39: Relative Importance of Wet Season water sources for various water uses in 110 Villages of Gnommalath, Mahaxay, Xe Bangfai, Nongbok and Xaybouli Districts, Wet Season...............64 Table 2-40: Number and Areas of Privately Owned Buildings within possible area of erosion along the Xe Bangfai..............................................................................................................................................65 Table 2-41: Number and Areas of Communally Owned Buildings within possible erosion area................66 Table 2-42: XBF Villages with Villagers Crossing the Xe Bangfai (and Xe Noy and Nam Phit) in the Dry Season.....................................................................................................................................................68 Table 2-43: Prevalent Illness in the Downstream.................................................................................................72 Table 2-44: Percentage of Children under 5 Years by Nutritional Status.........................................................74 Table 2-45: Health Facilities in Khammouane Province and Project Area Districts 2001............................75 Table 2-46: Medical Personnel in Khammouane Province and Project Area Districts 2001........................75 Table 2-47: Educational Levels................................................................................................................................76 List of Figures Figure 2-1: Riparian Area of Downstream Nakai Dam and Villages Participating in Riparian Release Study .........................................................................................................................................................4 Figure 2-2: Map of Nam Phit and Nam Kathang with Project Features and Affected Villages....................6 Figure 2-3: Location of Villages along the Xe Bangfai .......................................................................................11 Figure 2-4: Location of Hinterland Villages .........................................................................................................14 Figure 2-5: Map of Villages Subjected to Natural Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai Area...............................28 Figure 2-6: Extent and Depth of Natural Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai Area.............................................29 Figure 2-7: Elevation of Lower Xe Bangfai, Right Bank (Distrance from Confluence with the Mekong). .................................................................................................................................................................30 Figure 2-8: Elevation of Lower Xe Bangfai, Right Bank (Distrance from Confluence with the Mekong). .................................................................................................................................................................31 Figure 2-9: Location of Tributary Structures, Lower Xe Bangfai .....................................................................33 Figure 2-10: Amounts of Various Types of Aquatic Animals (other than Finfish) collected by Respondents in 21 Villages along Nam Theun Downstream................................................................................37 Figure 2-11: Maps of Rice Paddy Areas (Wet and Dry Season) and Irrigation Pump Locations, XBF Mainstream villages...............................................................................................................................51 Figure 2-12: Schematic Illustration of Three Types of River Bank Gardens ....................................................55 Figure 2-13: Sources of Water for Various Water Uses for the Villages along Nam Phit, Dry and Wet Season (Aggregate of Ranking Scores given to the 3 Most Frequent Sources (3, 2 and 1 points, respectively). .............................................................................................................................61 Figure 2-14: EDL Transmission Lines in the Area of the Xe Bangfai...............................................................70 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 iii Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2 BASELINE DATA 2.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODS A number of studies and survey have been conducted in order to understand the current socio-economic situation of villages along the Xe Bangfai, especially aspects which are predicted to be modified or impacted due to the NT2 project. These studies and surveys also provide a baseline on which to plan mitigation and compensation strategies and activities. Such studies and surveys include: · In 1997 NTPC and GOL conducted a survey of villages along the Xe Bangfai for rice production, rice losses and 1996-97 flood levels; · In 1996 the GOL/MAF Centre for Irrigation Investigation and Design produced a report "Feasibility study on conveyance of the Nam Theun (Xe Bangfai) water to upper Xe Chumpone Plan"; · "Potential Impacts of the NT2 Project on the fish and aquatic fauna of the Nam Theun and XBF basins", Kottelat, 1996; · Fishing technologies currently used along the XBF and possible impacts on use due to NT2 Project were studied in 2001; · The 2001 socio-economic survey of XBF villages, which was undertaken in cooperation with the National Statistics Centre, the Ministry of Health and the LARREC. Survey teams interviewed 15 families per village, and inquiried into three subject matters, (i) socio-economy and incomes, (ii) fisheries and (iii) health. Summary results of this survey are provided in Appendix N; · In 2003 NTPC and GOL a study was carried out identifying the ethnicity of each female and male head of household; · A study on domestic water use was undertaken in 2003 and 2004 by NTPC and GOL in mainstream villages along Xe Bangfai. A PRA methodology was used to rank water source importance for a range of domestic water uses, providing an understanding of the water sources used in each village; · A survey was undertaken by NTPC and GOL in 2004, whereby every household was asked to recall the location, area and type of crop grown in their riverbank gardens; · In 2004 a study was undertaken in villages not on the Xe Bangfai mainstream (hinterland villages) but whose populations may be fishing in the Xe Bangfai. · "Impact of releases from NT2 Power Station on the XBF river" SMEC 2002; · SMEC has completed a supplementary hydrological study of the Lower XBF, 2004; · In 2004 NTPC and GOL undertook a survey to enumerate the number and type of fixed assets (buildings only) located within 20 m of the top of the bank of the Xe Bangfai in its upper and middle zones; · Since 2002, NTPC has retained LARReC (GOL) and an independent consultant to undertake a fisheries pre-impoundment CPUE study which will continue for some years after COD. · A riparian release study was accied out by KBR in 2004. In addition, a consultation and disclosure program was implemented in 2004 in all potentially affected villages ongoing the Xe Bangfai to obtain more qualitative data on villages socio economy, and more importantly, villager concerns about the NT2 Project and their proposals for mitigation and compensation approaches and activities. This program will be continued through the project. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 1 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC BASELINE 2.2.1 Downstream Nam Theun No permanent villages lie along the Nam Theun and no land is cultivated from below the Nakai Dam until some 50 km downstream, ie. the headpond of the Theun-Hinboun Hydroelectric Project (see Figure 2-1). However, fishers and hunters from nearby villages ("hinterland villages"), use the stretch of river before the Nam Phao confluence (12 km downstream of the dam) and after the Nam Phao confluence, although surveys and interviews indicate that the value of catches is small. It is considered that up to about 415 households of the hinterland villages go to the Nam Theun for part of their fishing activity, including collection of aquatic products. This figure is based on the results of the Riparian Release study, just completed. The study looked at hydrological and environmental impacts of the riparian release from the Nakai Dam until the confluence between the Nam Kading and the Mekong, and at social impacts (mainly on fisheries) on the stretch of the Nam Theun from the Dam Site to the Theun-Hinboun area, and in the "Hinterland", where villagers use to a certain extent the resources of the Nam Theun. The overall objective of the study is to identify and, whenever possible, quantify the impacts (mainly hydrological, environmental and fisheries) of the Project downstream of the Nakai Dam. Village and household surveys (mainly fisheries) were undertaken in villages located in the vicinity of the Nam Theun and upstream of the Theun-Hinboun dam (see Figure 2-1). The fisheries component was carried out including 172 household interviews in 21 villages to identify the current practices of fishing and collection of aquatic products in the sub-watersheds of Nam Kading, Nam Phao, Nam Ngoy, Nam Gnouang, Nam Phouan and Nam Kata. Men, women and children of households from these villages obtain fish from various combinations of fishing, fish farming and collection of fish in the rice fields. The number of households, number of households fishing and number of households fishing in the Nam Theun are presented in Table 2-1. Table 2-1: Number of Households in 21 Villages surveyed, Nam Theun Downstream Area. # HH fishing Village # HH # HH fishing in Nam Theun Keng Bid 102 51 45 Khammouane 105 95 0 Kor Phay 161 32 19 Lak 5 101 51 0 Lak 7 114 15 0 Lak 10 106 48 0 Nadeua 90 41 4 Nakham 64 29 23 Nam Phao 99 45 0 Nong Kor 72 32 32 Oudom 152 61 49 Pha Meuang 99 79 0 Phone Sy 67 8 0 Phonlom 30 15 15 Phonthong 66 30 24 Sop Phouan 45 8 0 Tha Bac 169 85 85 Thong 92 74 0 Thong Ker 131 26 7 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 2 Chapter 2: Baseline Data # HH fishing Village # HH # HH fishing in Nam Theun Vang Kor 77 9 0 Vang Pha 92 83 0 Total # of HH 2,034 914 303 For the environmental component, transects of the riparian habitats were conducted and information was collected on the riparian vegetation and wildlife used by communities along the Nam Theun. This information is also collected during the fisheries survey. Water quality analysis was conducted at each survey site locations and the data will be inserted into a model. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 3 ta 4 DaeinlesaB:2rteaphC Studyes Relea ani Ripar in ing ipatict 3 Par lumeoV­ Villagesdna Plantn Dam velopmeeD kaia al N Soci­ ame ectj Pro2 wnstr Dofoa Theun Nam Are an Ripari 1:2- 2005 Figure January Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.2.2 Nam Phit Water from the Nakai Reservoir will be let into the Xe Bangfai via mainly the Downstream Channel, which is partly embedded in Nam Phit (see Chapter 2). A small amount of water (similar to the current, naturally flowing water) will be let through Nam Kathang as the supply of this river is cut off by the Downstream Channel (see Figure 2-2). Whereas the impact on Nam Phit is expected to be considerable in terms of water discharge and quality, the impacts are expected to be negligible for Nam Kathang. A survey on fisheries and domestic water use was carried out in Nam Phit area in July ­ August 2004. It identified 17 villages along Nam Phit / Houay Khama. These villages depend on Nam Phit / Houay Khama for domestic water supply, irrigation and fisheries. Other 14 villages along Nam Kathang and 5 villages along Xe Bangfai also depend on the Nam Phit / Houay Khama for fishing. For the 17 villages located along or near Nam Phit / Houay Khama the number of households is 1,372 (see Table 2-2). The total number of households in all 36 villages with people fishing in Nam Phit / Houay Khama is 2,913. Table 2-2: Population Data for Villages along Nam Phit / Houay Khama and other Villages using this river (mainly for fisheries) No. Village District Main Ethnic Groups No. of HH 1 Tham phuang + Tham Phong Gnommalath Lao, Brou and Sek 50 2 Thang beng Gnommalath Brou 43 3 Pa thoung + Phone Khene Gnommalath Sek and Tai Moey 75 4 Kaun phan Gnommalath Chalui, Lao and Katak 182 5 Tat Gnommalath Brou 130 6 Maung khai Gnommalath Brou 71 7 Phit (sikhai) Gnommalath Brou 85 8 Phone sang Gnommalath Brou 26 9 Phone thoy Gnommalath Brou 48 10 Khok Savang Gnommalath Brou (?) 41 11 Khok Mahaxai Brou 12 12 Phachoumkhong Mahaxai Lao Kaleung 58 13 Lak kao Mahaxai Phouthai, Lao and Brou 25 14 Na khok nai Mahaxai Lao & Brou 28 15 Lak jet Mahaxai Lao and Brou 144 16 Phon saat + Lak hok Mahaxai Phouthai, Kaleung and Brou 305 17 Phonkham Mahaxai Lao Kaleung 49 Total 1,372 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 5 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-2: Map of Nam Phit and Nam Kathang with Project Features and Affected Villages. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 6 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.2.3 Nam Kathang The 2001 Socio-economic survey covered apart from mainstream Xe Bangfai villages, also 23 villages along Nam Gnom / Nam Kathang. Interviews with 15 randomly selected respondents were made in each village. The total population in the 23 villages was 1,632 in 2001 (see Table 2-3). Table 2-3: List of Villages along Nam Kathang and Household Numbers No. Village Main Ethnic Groups No. of HH 1 Laonnagam Brou 130 2 Keovilay Brou 104 3 Koodphadang Kaleung 55 4 Nongsaeng Lao Kaleung 64 5 Vatthat Brou 51 6 Korbong Brou 60 7 Somsanook Brou 87 8 Namixay Brou and Lao Kaleung 86 9 Gnommalath Neua Lao Kaleung, Brou, Phouthai, Tai 75 10 Gnommalath Tay Lao Kaleung, Brou 57 11 Nongping Tai Katak 104 12 Kaenglake Chalui (Brou) 96 13 Naphoxay Brou 88 14 Boungbao Lao Kaleung 46 15 Donepeuang Lao Kaleung 67 16 Houiyeanh Lao Kaleung 72 17 Thaphaa Lao Kaleung 59 18 Naveang Phouthai and Lao Kaleung 65 19 Phontoum Phouthai and Lao Kaleung 67 20 Nahay Phouthai and Lao Kaleung 40 21 Nakatang Phouthai and Lao Kaleung 64 22 Phonsaerd Lao Kaleung, Nyo, Phouthai, Tai, Brou 51 23 Phonsavang Phouthai and Lao Kaleung 44 Total 1,632 Source: 2001 Socio-economic Survey and 2003 Ethnic Survey. 2.2.4 Project Affected People along the XBF Mainstream, and Hinterland Fishers The potentially Project Affected People (PAP) on (or near) the Xe Bangfai mainstream includes: (a) those persons living in 70 villages along the XBF mainstream from the junction of the Downstream Channel and the XBF, to the Mekong River; and (b) villages that will experience backwater affect, including 12 villages above the confluence of the Downstream Channel and the Xe Bangfai, and 7 villages on the lower Xe Noy. Household and population data on these 89 villages (as of 2001) are summarised in Table 2-4 and Table 2-5 and detailed in Table 2-6, and location of villages indicated in Figure 2-3. The zone upstream from the Upper XBF zone contains 12 villages, with impacts associated with the backwater effect created by the additional discharge entering the XBF. The Upper XBF zone also contains 12 villages which are likely to receive the greatest impacts caused by the additional discharge. Issues here are mainly related to changes in discharge regime and consequent increases in flows and river levels, January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 7 Chapter 2: Baseline Data erosion of the river banks, effects on land use (river bank gardens) and effects on fisheries. The Middle XBF zone contains a total of 12 villages, of which 5 - on the mainstream - will experience impacts similar to those outlined for the Upper zone, but to a probable lesser extent, while the 7 on the Xe Noy will be influenced only by backwater affect. The lower XBF zone comprises some 53 villages with likely impacts being some flooding of lower riverbank gardens and possible changes in fisheries catches. In addition, the timing and duration of flooding in this zone is likely to change somewhat, but the effect of this is expected to be largely beneficial. It is these 89 villages and their approximately 40,000 persons that are considered as the potentially affected (both positively & negatively) population along the Xe Bangfai. It should be noted that 53 (or 60 %) of these villages are in the lower XBF (its floodplain), an area where the Projects negative impacts will most likely be less. A study in 2004 in the hinterland region of the Xe Bangfai found that there are 66 villages not located on the mainstream Xe Bangfai river (hinterland villages) but whose population are using the XBF for fishing and collection of aquatic products. Details of the 3,356 persons in about 1,708 households are presented in Table 2-28 and location in Figure 2-4. A summary of all potentially project affected persons are summarized in Table 2-4 by district and Table 2-5 by zone below. Table 2-4: Demography of Mainstream Villages ('01) and Hinterland Fishers ('04), by District Mainstream Hinterland fishers only Villages HH Persons Villages HH 1 Persons 1 Mahaxai 21 1,215 6,494 8 113 211 2 XBF 16 1,503 7,867 19 637 1,128 3 Nongbok 20 1,915 10,677 18 251 411 4 Xaybouli 32 2,463 15,563 21 707 1,606 Total 89 7,096 40,601 66 1708 3,356 Table 2-5: Demography of Mainstream Villages (2001) and Hinterland Fishers (2004), by Zone Mainstream Hinterland fishers Villages HH Persons Villages HH 1 Persons 1 Upstream of DC 12 537 1,768 0 0 0 2 Upper XBF 12 852 5,509 10 132 252 3 Middle XBF 12 704 3,886 17 550 958 4 Lower XBF 53 5,003 29,438 39 1,026 2,146 Total 89 7,096 40,601 66 1,708 3,356 1Estimates only. Verification planned for October 2004. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 8 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-6: XBF Mainstream Villages - by Zone - and their household populations, 2001 No. Village Province District Total HH No. Village Province District Total HH Upstream of Upper XBF Lower XBF (cont.) 1 1 Kangyangkham Khammouane Mahaxai 28 44 8 Dongkaasinh Khammouane Nong Bok 79 2 2 Nathanedong Khammouane Mahaxai 36 45 9 Sorkbau Khammouane Nong Bok 105 3 3 Nathanethong Khammouane Mahaxai 32 46 10 Natay Khammouane Nong Bok 76 4 4 Veun Khammouane Mahaxai 33 47 11 Phak-eetou Khammouane Nong Bok 63 5 5 Nakhay Khammouane Mahaxai 51 48 12 Hatxiengdee Khammouane Nong Bok 204 6 6 Nongkok Khammouane Mahaxai 22 49 13 Dongsaanga Khammouane Nong Bok 68 7 7 Eelane Khammouane Mahaxai 59 50 14 Dongphakpheua Khammouane Nong Bok 153 8 8 Naphong Khammouane Mahaxai 56 51 15 Tanetheung Khammouane Nong Bok 148 9 9 Dangkang Khammouane Mahaxai 58 52 16 Sumnadee Khammouane Nong Bok 30 10 10 Vatthat Khammouane Mahaxai 37 53 17 Navangneua Khammouane Nong Bok 196 11 11 Somsanook Khammouane Mahaxai 45 54 18 Navangthong Khammouane Nong Bok 123 12 12 Nakea Khammouane Mahaxai 80 55 19 Hatxaifong Khammouane Nong Bok 56 Sub-total, upstream of upper XBF 537 56 20 Navangnoy Khammouane Nong Bok 69 Upper XBF 57 21 Navangtay Khammouane Nong Bok 73 13 1 Khaengsavang Khammouane Mahaxai 23 58 22 Saadeauneua Khammouane Nong Bok 130 14 2 Mahaxayneua Khammouane Mahaxai 66 59 23 Saadeautay Khammouane Nong Bok 90 15 3 Mahaxaykang Khammouane Mahaxai 99 60 24 Phonhsaoea Khammouane Nong Bok 66 16 4 Mahaxaytay Khammouane Mahaxai 146 61 25 Thamoang Khammouane Nong Bok 38 17 5 Povaneua Khammouane Mahaxai 86 62 26 Danepakse Khammouane Nong Bok 84 18 6 Povatay Khammouane Mahaxai 90 63 27 Manilad Savanakhet Saybouly 41 19 7 Phanang Khammouane Mahaxai 44 64 28 Khamsavang Savanakhet Saybouly 29 20 8 Khamfeuang Khammouane Mahaxai 88 65 29 Daangsavanh Savanakhet Saybouly 59 21 9 Pong Khammouane Mahaxai 36 66 30 Souvanxai Savanakhet Saybouly 73 22 10 Kengpair Khammouane XBF 75 67 31 Hatkhamdee Savanakhet Saybouly 38 23 11 Thakhor Khammouane XBF 49 68 32 Tonhaen Savanakhet Saybouly 175 24 12 Thahant Khammouane XBF 50 69 33 Beungse Savanakhet Saybouly 122 Sub-total, upper XBF 852 70 34 Hatsaisugneua Savanakhet Saybouly 129 Middle XBF 71 35 Hatsaisugtay Savanakhet Saybouly 105 25 1 Kengkhean Khammouane XBF 44 72 36 Thadorkham Savanakhet Saybouly 36 26 2 Kengkasee Khammouane XBF 43 73 37 Kangpa Savanakhet Saybouly 71 27 3 Veunsananh Khammouane XBF 63 74 38 Thabor Savanakhet Saybouly 57 28 4 Hatpeak Khammouane XBF 38 75 39 Kaengphosy Savanakhet Saybouly 69 29 5 Paksenoy Khammouane XBF 85 76 40 Sakong Savanakhet Saybouly 86 30 6 Thasida Khammouane XBF 32 77 41 Phakfeuaneua Savanakhet Saybouly 61 31 7 Nathane Khammouane XBF 83 78 42 Phakfeuatay Savanakhet Saybouly 63 32 8 Lao Savanakhet Saybouly 29 79 43 Somsaa-at Savanakhet Saybouly 102 33 9 Xiengkhay Savanakhet Saybouly 91 80 44 Houi-hai Savanakhet Saybouly 76 34 10 Kaengveang Savanakhet Saybouly 69 81 45 Naxiengkhane Savanakhet Saybouly 65 35 11 Dongmarfai Savanakhet Saybouly 91 82 46 Nongheuathongneu Savanakhet Saybouly 58 36 12 Pahlay Savanakhet Saybouly 36 83 47 Nongheuathongtay Savanakhet Saybouly 23 Sub-total Middle XBF 704 84 48 Thaphoxai Savanakhet Saybouly 102 Lower XBF 85 49 Thakharm Savanakhet Saybouly 97 37 1 Kuase Khammouane XBF 285 86 50 Nasang Savanakhet Saybouly 121 38 2 Dangtha Khammouane XBF 85 87 51 Bouakhay Savanakhet Saybouly 109 39 3 Naphoktha Khammouane XBF 73 88 52 Pong Savanakhet Saybouly 84 40 4 Somsa-at Khammouane XBF 43 89 53 Paksebangfai Savanakhet Saybouly 96 41 5 Yangkham Khammouane XBF 216 Sub-total Lower XBF 5,003 42 6 Hatkhamhieng Khammouane XBF 239 TOTAL 7,096 43 7 Namphou Khammouane Nong Bok 64 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 9 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-7: XBF Mainstream PAP Villages - by District - and population, 2001 No. Village Zone HH Persons No. Village Zone HH Persons Mahaxai District, Khammouane Province Nongbok (cont.) 1 1 Kangyangkham Upstream of Upper 28 124 73 9 Tanetheung Lower XBF 148 930 2 2 Nathanedong Upstream of Upper 36 201 74 10 Sumnadee Lower XBF 30 216 3 3 Nathanethong Upstream of Upper 32 165 75 11 Navangneua Lower XBF 196 700 4 4 Veun Upstream of Upper 33 150 76 12 Navangthong Lower XBF 123 462 5 5 Nakhay Upstream of Upper 51 300 77 13 Hatxaifong Lower XBF 56 337 6 6 Nongkok Upstream of Upper 22 115 78 14 Navangnoy Lower XBF 69 453 7 7 Eelane Upstream of Upper 59 258 79 15 Navangtay Lower XBF 73 402 8 8 Naphong Upstream of Upper 56 277 80 16 Saadeauneua Lower XBF 130 868 9 9 Dangkang Upstream of Upper 58 234 81 17 Saadeautay Lower XBF 90 636 10 10 Vatthat Upstream of Upper 37 230 82 18 Phonhsaoea Lower XBF 66 368 11 11 Somsanook Upstream of Upper 45 271 83 19 Thamoang Lower XBF 38 177 12 12 Nakea Upstream of Upper 80 436 84 20 Danepakse Lower XBF 84 431 13 13 Khaengsavang Upper XBF 23 134 Total, Nongbok District 1,915 10,677 14 14 Mahaxayneua Upper XBF 66 354 Xaybouli District, Savannakhet Province 15 15 Mahaxaykang Upper XBF 99 576 106 1 Lao Middle XBF 29 186 16 16 Mahaxaytay Upper XBF 146 844 107 2 Xiengkhay Middle XBF 91 521 17 17 Povaneua Upper XBF 86 476 108 3 Kaengveang Middle XBF 69 406 18 18 Povatay Upper XBF 90 506 109 4 Dongmarfai Middle XBF 91 547 19 19 Phanang Upper XBF 44 222 110 5 Pahlay Middle XBF 36 156 20 20 Khamfeuang Upper XBF 88 451 111 6 Manilad Lower XBF 41 220 21 21 Pong Upper XBF 36 170 112 7 Khamsavang Lower XBF 29 191 Total: Mahaxai District 1,215 6,494 113 8 Daangsavanh Lower XBF 59 489 Xe Bangfai District, Khammouane Province 114 9 Souvanxai Lower XBF 73 510 30 1 Kengpair Upper XBF 75 248 115 10 Hatkhamdee Lower XBF 38 241 31 2 Thakhor Upper XBF 49 261 116 11 Tonhaen Lower XBF 175 1,331 32 3 Thahant Upper XBF 50 274 117 12 Beungse Lower XBF 122 675 33 4 Kengkhean Middle XBF 44 203 118 13 Hatsaisugneua Lower XBF 129 842 34 5 Kengkasee Middle XBF 43 191 119 14 Hatsaisugtay Lower XBF 105 612 35 6 Veunsananh Middle XBF 63 307 120 15 Thadorkham Lower XBF 36 248 36 7 Hatpeak Middle XBF 38 181 121 16 Kangpa Lower XBF 71 509 37 8 Paksenoy Middle XBF 85 430 122 17 Thabor Lower XBF 57 382 38 9 Thasida Middle XBF 32 189 123 18 Kaengphosy Lower XBF 69 425 39 10 Nathane Middle XBF 83 505 124 19 Sakong Lower XBF 86 585 40 11 Kuase Lower XBF 285 1,415 125 20 Phakfeuaneua Lower XBF 61 434 41 12 Dangtha Lower XBF 85 508 126 21 Phakfeuatay Lower XBF 63 432 42 13 Naphoktha Lower XBF 73 401 127 22 Somsaa-at Lower XBF 102 592 43 14 Somsa-at Lower XBF 43 213 128 23 Houi-hai Lower XBF 76 467 44 15 Yangkham Lower XBF 216 1,209 129 24 Naxiengkhane Lower XBF 65 408 45 16 Hatkhamhieng Lower XBF 239 1,332 130 25 Nongheuathongneua Lower XBF 58 412 Total, Xe Bangfai District 1,503 7,867 131 26 Nongheuathongtay Lower XBF 23 169 Nongbok District, Khammouane Province 132 27 Thaphoxai Lower XBF 102 724 65 1 Namphou Lower XBF 64 258 133 28 Thakharm Lower XBF 97 519 66 2 Dongkaasinh Lower XBF 79 448 134 29 Nasang Lower XBF 121 763 67 3 Sorkbau Lower XBF 105 603 135 30 Bouakhay Lower XBF 109 556 68 4 Natay Lower XBF 76 518 136 31 Pong Lower XBF 84 486 69 5 Phak-eetou Lower XBF 63 374 137 32 Paksebangfai Lower XBF 96 525 70 6 Hatxiengdee Lower XBF 204 1,292 Sub-total, Xaibouly District 2,463 15,563 71 7 Dongsaanga Lower XBF 68 323 72 8 Dongphakpheua Lower XBF 153 881 TOTAL 7,096 40,601 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 10 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-3: Location of Villages along the Xe Bangfai January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 11 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-8: Hinterland Villages and their Fishers, by Zone (2004) Households Persons No. Village District Households Persons No. Village District total fishers total fishers total fishers total fishers Upper XBF Lower XBF 1 1 Khamfeuangnyai Mahaxai 92 49 371 109 28 1 Naphoktheung Xe Bangfai 85 77 513 144 2 2 Khampenyai Mahaxai 54 2 274 3 29 2 Navangkang (Tai) Nong Bok 79 22 473 29 3 3 Khampena Mahaxai 63 2 357 2 30 3 Khogsavang Nong Bok 65 2 427 2 4 4 Khampedong Mahaxai 50 14 242 19 31 4 Nakham Nong Bok 448 4 1775 5 5 5 Phonkham Mahaxai 53 6 329 9 32 5 Nongli Nong Bok 142 2 672 2 6 6 Phonsa-at Mahaxai 300 12 1475 27 33 6 Phon Nong Bok 165 2 952 2 7 7 Pachoomkong Mahaxai 56 24 290 32 34 7 Dongkhung Nong Bok 93 3 457 4 8 8 Phonkhen Mahaxai 12 4 71 10 35 8 Dongbounnoi Nong Bok 49 4 245 5 9 9 Some XeBangfai 85 17 456 38 36 9 Nongdone Nong Bok 181 76 1084 134 10 10 Tamlay XeBangfai 91 2 470 3 37 10 Dongbounyai Nong Bok 210 78 977 142 Sub-total, Upper XBF 856 132 4335 252 38 11 Sibounhoung Nong Bok 170 4 1025 5 39 12 Nongsapangthong Nong Bok 78 14 419 18 Middle XBF 40 13 Phonephieng Nong Bok 130 2 781 2 11 1 Noy Xe Bangfai 44 12 220 34 41 14 Nongpham Nong Bok 95 2 555 2 12 2 Yangnyai Xe Bangfai 204 20 1166 47 42 15 Nongsapangtha Nong Bok 108 14 592 21 13 3 Dongsavanh Xe Bangfai 35 9 198 21 43 16 Nongbok Nong Bok 202 2 898 2 14 4 Khongkengkhene Xe Bangfai 38 6 227 8 44 17 Dongpangpao Nong Bok 84 17 506 32 15 5 Nakhomkao Xe Bangfai 54 12 321 16 45 18 Nonchick Nong Bok 56 1 319 1 16 6 Deung Xe Bangfai 178 17 1256 22 46 19 Dongyang Nong Bok 16 2 93 3 17 7 Beunghuanatai Xe Bangfai 116 8 654 10 47 20 Nonenakham Xaybouli 80 31 541 60 18 8 Dongmakbah Xe Bangfai 115 8 663 16 48 21 Donggnang Xaybouli 47 19 301 45 19 9 Nongbone Xe Bangfai 139 62 979 83 49 22 Vernneua Xaybouli 159 122 1000 312 20 10 Huaylangmeu Xe Bangfai 66 14 401 18 50 23 Naoneua Xaybouli 127 124 840 315 21 11 Nakhomthong Xe Bangfai 107 17 664 22 51 24 Kangmixay Xaybouli 104 9 803 23 22 12 Beunghuanakang Xe Bangfai 37 6 216 11 52 25 Kangthong Xaybouli 104 25 813 65 23 13 Sang Xe Bangfai 149 188 1329 385 53 26 Yangkhamtai Xaybouli 100 70 708 180 24 14 Som Xe Bangfai 141 86 852 115 54 27 Dongpao Xaybouli 145 10 881 18 25 15 Beunghuananeua Xe Bangfai 56 72 325 130 55 28 Vernxai Xaybouli 126 77 789 162 26 16 Dongphang Xe Bangfai 44 4 247 5 56 29 Dongpou Xaybouli 164 56 685 106 27 17 Nathong Xaybouli 48 9 288 15 57 30 Syxiengmai Xaybouli 200 7 1204 9 Sub-total, Middle XBF 1571 550 10,006 958 58 31 Yangkhamneua Xaybouli 70 19 466 26 59 32 Naotai Xaybouli 166 2 1147 3 60 33 Vernsivilai Xaybouli 162 5 975 8 61 34 Nakhanay Xaybouli 129 35 902 68 62 35 Phontan Xaybouli 62 14 418 32 63 36 Verntai Xaybouli 157 32 936 82 64 37 Beungbouathong Xaybouli 130 17 889 30 65 38 Laodokmai Xaybouli 72 10 450 13 66 39 Kangtha Xaybouli 91 14 688 34 Sub-total, Lower XBF 4851 1026 28199 2146 Total, XBF Hinterland villages 7,278 1,708 42,540 3,356 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 12 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-9: Hinterland Villages and their Fishers, by District (2004) Households Persons Households Population No. Village Zone No. Village Zone Total Fisher Total Fishers Total Fisher Total Fishers Mahaxai District, Khammouane Province Nongbok District, Khammouane Province 1 1 Khamfeungnyai Upper XBF 92 49 371 109 28 1 Navangkang (Tai) Lower XBF 79 22 473 29 2 2 Khampenyai Upper XBF 54 2 274 3 29 2 Khogsavang Lower XBF 65 2 427 2 3 3 Khampena Upper XBF 63 2 357 2 30 3 Nakham Lower XBF 448 4 1775 5 4 4 Khampedong Upper XBF 50 14 242 19 31 4 Nongli Lower XBF 142 2 672 2 5 5 Phonkham Upper XBF 53 6 329 9 32 5 Phon Lower XBF 165 2 952 2 6 6 Phonsa-at Upper XBF 300 12 1475 27 33 6 Dongkhung Lower XBF 93 3 457 4 7 7 Pachoomkong Upper XBF 56 24 290 32 34 7 Dongbounnoi Lower XBF 49 4 245 5 8 8 Phonkhen Upper XBF 12 4 71 10 35 8 Nongdone Lower XBF 181 76 1084 134 Sub-total, Mahaxai District 680 113 3409 211 36 9 Dongbounyai Lower XBF 210 78 977 142 37 10 Sibounhoung Lower XBF 170 4 1025 5 Xe Bangfai District, Khammouane Province 38 11 Nongsapangthong Lower XBF 78 14 419 18 9 1 Some Upper XBF 85 17 456 38 39 12 Phonephieng Lower XBF 130 2 781 2 10 2 Noi Middle XBF 44 12 220 34 40 13 Nongpham Lower XBF 95 2 555 2 11 3 Yangnyai Middle XBF 204 20 1166 47 41 14 Nongsapangtha Lower XBF 108 14 592 21 12 4 Dongsavanh Middle XBF 35 9 198 21 42 15 Nongbok Lower XBF 202 2 898 2 13 5 Khogkengkhene Middle XBF 38 6 227 8 43 16 Dongpangpao Lower XBF 84 17 506 32 14 6 Nakhomkao Middle XBF 54 12 321 16 44 17 Nonchick Lower XBF 56 1 319 1 15 7 Deung Middle XBF 178 17 1256 22 45 18 Dongyang Lower XBF 16 2 93 3 16 8 Beunghuanatai Middle XBF 116 8 654 10 Sub-total, Nongbok District 2371 251 12250 411 17 9 Dongmakbah Middle XBF 115 8 663 16 Xaybouli District, Savannakhet Province 18 10 Nongbone Middle XBF 139 62 979 83 46 1 Nonenakham Lower XBF 80 31 541 60 19 11 Huaylangmeu Middle XBF 66 14 401 18 47 2 Donggnang Lower XBF 47 19 301 45 20 12 Nakhomthong Middle XBF 107 17 664 22 48 3 Vernneua Lower XBF 159 122 1000 312 21 13 Beunghuanakang Middle XBF 37 6 216 11 49 4 Naoneua Lower XBF 127 124 840 315 22 14 Sang Middle XBF 149 188 1329 385 50 5 Kangmixay Lower XBF 104 9 803 23 23 15 Som Middle XBF 141 86 852 115 51 6 Kangthong Lower XBF 104 25 813 65 24 16 Beunghuananeua Middle XBF 56 72 325 130 52 7 Yangkhamtai Lower XBF 100 70 708 180 25 17 Tamlay Upper XBF 91 2 470 3 53 8 Dongpao Lower XBF 145 10 881 18 26 18 Naphoktheung Lower XBF 85 77 513 144 54 9 Vernxai Lower XBF 126 77 789 162 27 19 Dongphang Middle XBF 44 4 247 5 55 10 Dongpou Lower XBF 164 56 685 106 Sub-total, Xe Bangfai District 1784 637 11157 1128 56 11 Syxiengmai Lower XBF 200 7 1204 9 57 12 Yangkhamneua Lower XBF 70 19 466 26 58 13 Naotai Lower XBF 166 2 1147 3 59 14 Vernsivilai Lower XBF 162 5 975 8 60 15 Nathong Middle XBF 48 9 288 15 61 16 Nakhanay Lower XBF 129 35 902 68 62 17 Phontan Lower XBF 62 14 418 32 63 18 Verntai Lower XBF 157 32 936 82 64 19 Beungbouathong Lower XBF 130 17 889 30 65 20 Laodokmai Lower XBF 72 10 450 13 66 21 Kangtha Lower XBF 91 14 688 34 Sub-total, Xaibouly District 244324 43 707 15724 1606 Total, XBF Hinterland Villages 7,278 1,708 42,540 3,356 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 13 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-4: Location of Hinterland Villages January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 14 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.2.5 People Affected by Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai Flooding of the Lower Xe Bangfai takes place on a regular basis. Villagers in most villages experience at least every two years that a part of their village gets flooded. The villages affected by these natural floods, the areas of their rice fields and populations are presented in Table 2-10. Table 2-10: Rice Field Area and Populations of Villages Affected by Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai. Rice field area (ha) No No Village Total wet season Dry season Flooded (??) HH no. Population Female Male Nongbok District 1 Natai 271.60 139.14 117.00 81 509 270 239 2 Phonesaoae 177.65 92.77 80.00 68 539 255 284 3 Thamouang 111.26 48.64 60.00 37 255 128 127 4 Namphou 261.00 97.20 153.00 74 483 279 204 5 Sadeuneua 299.43 184.71 105.00 151 847 487 360 6 Navangtay 223.66 155.48 60.00 156 875 421 454 7 Navangnoi 296.81 186.97 100.00 68 428 228 210 8 Navangthong 361.75 239.16 110.00 76 518 262 256 9 Navavngneua 263.28 155.12 100.00 80 476 238 238 10 Hatxaifong 401.12 122.06 157.00 66 312 144 168 11 Sumnady Un Known 30.83 54.00 38 263 126 110 12 Tanetheung 465.17 239.14 200.00 149 699 302 397 13 Dongpakpeua 446.00 221.40 200.00 168 1023 509 514 14 Donsangar 190.00 63.00 120.00 70 355 186 169 15 Hat Xiengdy 524.35 306.32 184.00 247 1245 634 611 16 Pakaeetou 240.54 135.49 90.00 69 416 217 194 17 Sokbor 332.00 120.50 200.00 96 613 315 298 18 Sadeutai 241.50 134.43 100.00 95 687 319 368 19 Dongkasin 282.22 200.00 60.00 81 503 253 250 20 Danpakxe 42.03 25.22 0.00 77 440 217 223 21 Dongsaphangpao 85.24 76.71 35.00 85 456 249 207 22 Dongngang 152.85 137.56 20.00 116 631 330 301 23 Dongkhouang 128.90 116.01 35.00 223 1107 572 535 24 Phone 122.00 109.80 35.00 169 928 465 463 25 Nongdone 187.14 164.42 75.00 177 1005 512 493 26 Nongbok 143.03 128.72 56.00 135 747 377 376 27 Sibounheuang 144.93 130.43 45.00 174 1009 492 517 28 Nongsaphangbok 160.02 104.44 31.70 80.00 102 546 281 265 29 Namkham 419.28 385.16 126.00 287 1775 875 918 30 Dongboungnai 297.85 260.06 197.00 176 984 498 486 31 Dongbounnoi 83.75 67.34 60.00 48 240 117 123 32 Nonechik 99.79 87.25 50.00 57 303 139 164 33 Khoksavang 144.98 115.98 70.00 70 489 229 266 34 Nongsaphangthong 112.75 95.84 90.00 35 Nongly 196.73 167.22 25.00 145 674 347 327 36 Nongphum 134.98 125.53 11.00 91 577 305 272 37 Phonepeang 275.50 256.21 53.50 135 777 412 365 38 1 Somsanouk 46.00 42.00 7.00 30.00 27 159 71 88 39 2 Mouangkhai 153.84 127.00 64.10 93 491 245 246 40 3 Beungtaneteung 282.03 259.46 120.00 80.00 114 652 348 304 41 4 Xiengvangthong 191.60 187.76 29.00 94 601 301 300 42 5 Songneuangtai 200.10 196.09 50.00 109 646 318 328 43 6 Songneuang 225.29 220.78 33.00 141 794 335 439 44 7 Phonetiew 78.53 76.95 25.00 43 230 125 105 45 8 Nongsaphanmouang 119.00 116.62 50.00 68 429 224 205 46 9 Khokkhong 170.00 153.02 24.00 99 463 242 221 47 10 Naongsome 210.60 189.54 38.00 159 874 461 413 48 11 Santisouk 19.50 17.55 12.00 106 405 233 172 49 12 Nongpalat 81.14 73.02 20.00 64 338 155 183 50 13 Napamane 131.27 118.14 51.00 100.00 191 963 484 479 51 14 Phonexay 102.16 95.00 10.00 69 548 222 326 52 15 Nanoi 78.11 72.64 4.00 56 344 184 160 53 16 Laokhung 39.88 38.95 8.00 43 240 104 100 54 17 Nachampa 206.32 196.02 25.00 121 690 390 300 55 18 Laona 166.37 158.05 50.00 135 703 368 335 56 19 Nalak 104.39 99.17 50.00 85 476 264 215 57 20 Pongkiew 223.04 211.88 63.00 112 672 340 332 Sub-total 11,150 8,076 2,524 1,765 6,066 34,452 17,404 17,003 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 15 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Rice field area (ha) No No Village Total wet season Dry season Flooded (??) HH no. Population Female Male Xebangfai District 1 Dangtha 163.00 157.00 90.00 86 476 260 216 2 Nathane 160.25 131.10 50.00 90 474 260 214 3 hatkhamhieng 436.72 436.72 250.00 239 1362 715 647 4 Somsaarth 95.83 52.84 30.00 34 188 97 91 5 Keangpe 46.00 38.00 0.00 80 365 191 174 6 Thakor 206.00 98.00 200.00 55 277 147 130 7 Thathath 78.67 47.67 0.00 58 248 137 111 8 Keangkhene 124.00 114.00 20.00 41 216 106 110 9 Napoktha 131.20 131.20 80.00 92 461 233 228 10 Gnangkham 407.23 403.23 180.00 230 1216 597 619 11 Keangkasi 82.00 76.00 0.00 54 270 142 128 12 Veunsanane 88.00 84.00 30.00 65 363 167 196 13 Hatpek 43.00 41.50 40.00 29 197 93 104 14 Thasida 51.26 48.96 0.00 30 197 99 98 15 Khouaxe 36.61 36.61 0.00 290 1533 779 754 16 Nongbone 275.03 273.03 76.78 145 971 477 494 17 Beunghouanatai 213.38 186.30 70.93 114 667 341 322 18 Beunghouananeua 41.10 37.10 20.00 67 327 172 135 19 Dongsavang 30.00 28.00 20.00 39 170 86 84 20 Dongmarbar 323.42 314.42 160.00 126 651 346 305 21 Sang 464.56 464.56 0.00 235 1229 628 601 22 Houaylangmer 95.91 98.41 0.00 71 393 176 217 23 Noy 139.30 139.30 0.00 74 552 236 316 24 Gnanggnai 578.52 572.52 0.00 232 1166 602 564 25 Som 349.16 349.16 0.00 143 865 451 414 26 Nakhomthong 170.42 169.42 0.00 135 614 319 295 27 Nakhomkao 158.38 152.38 0.00 60 326 155 171 28 Thamlai 125.26 121.26 0.00 98 445 252 193 29 Some 106.00 61.00 0.00 86 413 208 205 30 Naphokteung 125.50 125.50 0.00 87 425 217 208 31 Khokkengkhen 21.00 14.00 0.00 42 221 113 108 32 1 Xenoi 112.00 106.00 40.00 42 216 116 100 33 2 Beunghouana 76.48 73.48 17.00 38 219 102 117 34 3 Ting 352.40 352.40 300.00 239 1341 695 646 35 4 Nabeung 143.86 143.95 0.00 95 457 243 214 36 5 Phondeetong 92.09 92.09 0.00 42 209 99 110 37 6 Nongphang 81.63 79.63 0.00 42 214 108 106 38 7 Koktong 48.22 45.22 0.00 84 420 211 209 39 8 Sokbor 44.31 44.31 0.00 66 334 161 173 40 9 Than 33.23 27.23 0.00 85 514 270 244 41 10 Khoksavang 22.29 20.29 0.00 50 304 152 152 42 11 Khokkheemine 13.93 9.93 0.00 44 181 91 90 43 12 Khapha 41.66 38.60 0.00 65 294 157 137 44 13 Khamtear 17.16 15.16 0.00 56 269 143 126 45 14 Pongdeng 34.27 30.22 0.00 61 328 162 166 46 15 Nonkatea 63.00 58.00 0.00 64 313 145 116 47 16 Vangdeunha 15.37 13.16 0.00 41 216 104 112 48 17 Veunkhamkeio 18.80 15.80 0.00 36 196 83 113 49 18 Donesaad 11.88 8.88 0.00 21 120 53 67 50 19 Nachoi 31.00 27.00 0.00 90 474 200 214 Sub-total 6,620 6,205 1,675 - 4,488 23,897 12,097 11,664 Thakek District 1 1 DongDtai 414.76 414.76 15.00 26.00 142 704 382 322 2 2 Dongmakeak 477.67 477.67 0.00 16.00 127 869 433 396 3 3 Naphotha 294.04 294.04 0.00 16.00 114 582 317 265 4 4 Nadinejee 379.16 379.16 0.00 17.00 128 670 365 305 5 5 Mai 254.89 254.89 0.00 11.00 109 616 307 309 6 6 Donengai 120.25 120.25 11.00 13.00 93 425 215 210 7 7 Donethong 93.28 93.28 0.00 7.00 47 261 147 114 8 8 Nahea 74.71 74.71 0.00 5.00 62 304 152 436 9 9 Pakbang 195.94 195.94 0.00 3.00 176 938 502 436 10 10 Dongchok 448.00 448.00 0.00 4.50 97 516 303 281 11 11 Phonxay 421.56 421.56 0.00 4.00 107 613 332 281 12 12 Nontoum 222.26 222.26 0.00 16.00 56 319 171 148 13 13 Khokpathone 362.40 362.40 0.00 13.00 70 448 232 216 Sub-total 3,759 3,759 26 152 1,328 7,265 3,858 3,719 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 16 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Rice field area (ha) No No Village Total wet season Dry season Flooded (??) HH no. Population Female Male Xaybouli District 1 NaLao 57.50 57.50 7.00 40 231 129 102 2 XiengKhai 153.62 153.62 15.00 112 743 351 392 3 Kengveng 91.10 91.10 0.00 82 511 264 247 4 Dongmarkfai 149.02 149.02 0.00 94 617 302 315 5 Palai 27.45 27.45 0.00 40 195 106 89 6 Maniladth 34.11 34.11 0.00 76 442 210 232 7 Khamsavang 47.00 47.00 20.00 46 282 132 150 8 Dangsavanh 119.79 119.79 16.33 59 461 211 250 9 Souvanhxay 113.73 113.74 8.50 68 486 238 248 10 Hadkhamdee 225.00 225.00 4.50 47 243 123 120 11 Tonhean 356.00 232.00 150.00 203 1,352 698 654 12 Beungxe 319.70 317.00 109.00 124 784 393 391 13 Hadchaisungneua 334.00 262.04 64.64 145 801 443 358 14 Hadchaisungtai 155.00 155.00 54.72 132 712 354 358 15 Haddokkham 46.16 46.16 32.70 51 282 146 136 16 Thaboer 279.00 196.00 103.00 71 478 239 239 17 Kangpa 161.00 161.00 112.50 75 550 284 266 18 Hauyhea 217.00 217.00 58.00 88 501 259 242 19 Somsaad 239.00 239.00 53.00 113 660 232 428 20 Kengphosee 383.00 383.00 166.00 86 499 267 232 21 Sakong 130.00 70.00 83.00 99 655 305 350 22 Phakpheuaneua 196.00 166.00 84.00 68 474 245 229 23 Phakpheuatai 220.65 190.00 60.00 68 498 238 260 24 Naxiengkhan 182.00 110.00 76.00 80 456 222 234 25 Nongheuathongneua 98.20 90.20 45.72 73 478 248 230 26 Nongheuathongtai 17.45 14.25 0.00 27 179 83 96 27 Thaphoxay 198.99 178.00 4.64 103 655 311 344 28 Thakham 165.00 103.25 31.75 97 660 335 325 29 pong 39.00 31.44 16.41 88 526 255 271 30 Nasang 214.03 108.33 40.00 145 860 470 390 31 Bouakhai 136.18 114.26 62.00 125 656 331 325 32 Pakxebangfai 34.81 27.24 14.85 85 567 304 263 33 Veunneua 282.21 Tonhean Project 159 1,000 514 486 34 Veuntai 266.45 157 966 467 499 35 Veunxay 214.80 240.00 121 791 419 372 36 Veunsivilay 150.02 133 904 439 465 37 Phonthan 89.87 58 406 205 201 38 Xiengmai 397.00 Chaova 1 189 1084 559 525 39 Kangtha 204.34 Project 359.80 90 696 349 347 40 Kangthong 125.00 567.00 100 829 406 423 41 Kangmixay 95.50 98 821 402 419 42 Ngangkhamneua 216.78 216.78 0.00 67 460 233 227 43 Ngangkhamtai 184.70 184.70 0.00 95 630 329 301 44 Nakhangai 181.00 181.00 0.00 128 897 469 428 45 Laodokmai 61.60 61.60 0.00 66 431 221 210 46 Dongngang 79.30 79.30 70.00 46 298 152 146 47 Dongphou 183.13 183.13 25.00 165 911 461 450 48 Dongphao 279.63 279.63 40.90 134 881 440 441 49 Naotai 221.56 221.56 45.00 167 1167 610 557 50 Beungbouathong 196.27 196.27 0.00 128 889 450 439 51 1 Sikhay 319.00 135 814 434 380 52 2 Naoneua 204.30 204.30 65.00 127 840 435 405 Sub-total 9,093 6,805 2,339 - 5,173 33,209 16,722 16,487 Grand total 30,622 24,844 6,563 1,916 17,055 98,823 50,081 48,873 67 Mainstream villages 51 Hinterland villages 54 New villages, not covered by maintream or hinterland surveys 172 Total number of villages January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 17 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.3 ETHNICITY 2.3.1 Ethnic Groups in the NT2 Watershed/ NPA The Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) presents a framework and strategic approach for the sustainable development of project affected communities in the NT2 Watershed/NPA. Although these enclave villagers will be impacted only indirectly by the NT2 Project, SEMFOP, through a participatory approach, aims to improve their livelihoods, standard of living and quality of life, while at the same time, helping them to shift away from activities and technologies which impact negatively on biodiversity conservation. A total of 31 enclave villages are located within the NT2 Watershed/NPA, comprising 1,092 families and nearly 6,000 people, all reliant to varying degrees on NPA forest resources. Their ethnic backgrounds can best be described according to the three main groups found in the area: · Brou (ca. 60 percent), a homogenous group of the Western Katuic language family of the Austro- asiatic language family, who are found throughout the region and exhibit a number of livelihood systems; · Vietic groups (ca. 25 percent of the population), a number of small ethno-linguistic groups belonging to the Austro-asiatic language family, formally hunter-gatherers but now sedentary; and · Upland Tai groups (ca. 15 percent) consisting of the Sek who cultivate irrigated paddy in several villages in the north of the NPA and number of sub-groups such as Tai Men and Tai Moey who have recently arrived from north-west Lao PDR. The EMDP embodies participatory methods and follows a Community Driven Development approach with the following aims: · Culturally appropriate development on the local communities' own terms. · Improved land and resource security based on customary rights. · Increased family food security. · Diversification of livelihood options. · Reduced reliance on unsustainable natural resource use and extraction in the NPA. · Increased family food security. · Diversification of livelihood options. · Gradual intensification of land use away from reliance on hunting, gathering and shifting cultivation toward more productive and sustainable livelihood systems. · Reduced reliance on unsustainable natural resource use and extraction in the NPA. · Improved social services and opportunities for education, health and alternative employment. Table 2-11 presents demographic and ethic details for all villages in NT2 Watershed / NPA. For more details on the villages in the Watershed Area, refer to the latest version of SEMFOP. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 18 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Table 2-11: NPA Enclave Village Population (2001-Nakai District) and Ethnic Groups (IUCN 1998) Household Ethno-linguistic Village Name Persons Female units Branch Ethnic Group Khet B. Teung 2,103 1,067 402 1 B. MaKa 230 115 47 Vietic Kri, Phong1 2 B. Dteung 262 134 50 Tai- Kadai Sek 3 B. Seuk 89 51 17 Katuic Brou 4 B. ThongNoi 148 76 24 Vietic Phong 2 5 B. VangLae 119 59 24 Vietic Phong 2 6 B. Phoung 145 76 28 Vietic Phong 2 7 B. Peu 107 55 17 Katuic Brou 8 B. Dtong 139 77 28 Vietic Phong 2 9 B. Vangkhouay 116 58 21 Vietic Phong 2 10 B. HuaySarn 141 70 27 11 B. Beuk 140 68 31 Tai- Kadai Sek 12 B. NaMeo 153 75 29 Tai- Kadai Sek 13 B. NaMouy 314 153 59 Tai- Kadai Sek B. Kutnae Katuic Brou Khet B. Navang 1,861 932 328 14 B. Thameuang 420 224 72 Vietic Arao, Malang, Atel 15 B. SongKone 204 102 32 Vietic Malang (Brou) 16 B. NaHao 206 103 41 Tai- Kadai TaiSin, PhuTai 17 B. Navang 310 149 52 Katuic Brou 18 B. Kajing 175 88 31 Katuic Brou 19 B. Huay Maxong 88 45 24 Katuic Brou 20 B. Fangdaeng Neua 137 69 20 Katuic Brou 21 B. Fangdaenga Tai 165 89 30 Katuic Brou 22 B. ThongXart 156 63 26 Katuic Brou Khet B. Taipaiban 1,836 916 362 23 B. Vangjang 205 96 38 Katuic (Vietic) Brou (Themarou) 24 B. Sorklek 292 144 61 Katuic Brou 25 B. Singthong 132 66 27 Katuic Brou 26 B. NaGhang 186 85 44 Katuic Brou 27 B. Thaipaiban 240 119 44 Katuic Brou 28 B. Gorbong 202 111 39 Katuic Brou B. Makmi B. Hang` 29 B. Nava 142 71 27 Katuic Brou 30 B. Makfeuang 322 168 59 Katuic Brou 31 B. Peung 115 56 23 Katuic Brou Villages Total 5,800 2,915 1,092 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 19 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.3.2 Ethnic Groups Downstream of the Dam (Riparian) An initial survey of a 21-village sample of downstream of the dam communities was undertaken as part of the Riparian Study in 2004. This was a selection of different villages downstream of the dam in order to identify issues and the extent of impacts on fisheries. Baseline data on ethnic composition for most of the Khamkeut District that is in the watershed of the Nam Theun or potential impacted is presented in Table 2-12. Further studies will narrow down the extent of impacts and which villagers are impacted. Table 2-12: Ethnic Groups and Demography in Nam Theun Downstream Area Village Name Pop/HH 1995 Pop/HH 2003-04 Main Ethnic Groups Lak Sao to Nakai (8B) Namphao 681/119 968/181 Phou Thay, Meuy, Theng, Sek, Melang (Vietic) Chengsavang 118/23 765/120 Meuy, Pouak, Khmu Nam Thi 1015/143 Meuy, Hmong, Bo Phonxai 210/34 439/74 Meuy Ko Hai 1290/220 Hmong, Meuy Phonsouk 1290/221 Hmong, Meuy Phonsi 1290/222 433/88 Meuy Phonsa at mai No Data Hmong Phonkeo No Data Vietic groups (moved recently from village site) Phonsa at No Data 1016/172 Hmong, Khmu, Vietic Groups Pakkatan 294/47 212/34 To'e (Vietic groups) Area East of Lak Sao Poung 410/63 358/45 Kouane, Meuy Bo 250/38 Meuy Houaykoe II 111/24 771/115 Meuy, Kouan, Ngo, Hmog Nadeua 84/12 506/95 Meuy, Ngo, Phou Thay, Kouan Tonsan 109/18 Bo, Ngo Khammouan 55/8 666/105 Ngo Donxat 224/37 306/51 Meuy, Bo, Sek Sopphouan 326/52 283/50 Meuy, Khmu, Men Dongbang 118/23 874/132 Ngo, Phou Thay Below the Nam Theun Phonlom 150/22 389/64 Meuy, Hmong Nakham 99/14 465/83 Meuy, Hmong Kengkang 217/31 Meuy Nongxong 401/57 558/81 Vietic, Hmong Phamuang 188/26 801/148 Hmong, Tai Senkap Na-Goy 390/53 Meuy, Hmong Nam Kata Area Nakhua 316/46 Hmong Nakhoun 44/9 Vietic Groups Nongmek 196/27 495/97 Meuy, Possibly Vietic Groups Donkhoun 73/12 Meuy Phonvilai 203/31 1036/133 Hmong, Meuy, Khmu Phon-Hong 246/36 1174/189 Meuy, Men, Hmong Phoncheng 1058/146 1006/155 Meuy, Men, Hmong, Vietic Groups January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 20 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Village Name Pop/HH 1995 Pop/HH 2003-04 Main Ethnic Groups Phaphiang No Data Hmong Phako 86/19 Meuy Vangpha 201/37 638/123 Hmong, Meuy Vangko No Data 459/77 Meuy, Bo, Phou Thay Tongkhe 307/50 846/131 Phou Thay, Bo, Meuy, Theng Nafuang 263/46 Phou Thay Nakadok 806/114 653/127 Sek, Vietic Nathon 625/80 826/102 Meuy, Theng Phonkham 309/44 Theng Nahang 492/77 Meuy, Theng Nahai 645/110 641/96 Meuy, Bo Namuang 236/39 696/107 Meuy Nasao No Data Theng Phongnot No Data Meuy South to Lak Sao Nongpong 487/88 2435/448 Meuy, Hmong, Vietic Senkhoum No Data Men Senkhoun No Data No Data Phonthong 662/92 576/97 Meuy, Hmong Vangphala No Data Meuy Nakang 91/14 Meuy Lak Sao North to the Vietnamese Border Lak 20 (north) Somsanouk 52/7 760/145 Meuy, Men, Tai Lao, Hmong, Vietic Houaykeo 308/56 1396/258 Men, Meuy, Tai Lao Hmong, Vietic Nongdong 175/32 970/170 Meuy, Theng, Phouan Oudom 249/35 861/159 Meuy, Theng Nampan 1241/152 Lao, Men Phonmen 210/38 Lao, Men Phonpheng 1820/299 1482/288 Meuy, Ngo Nakhe 172/25 Men, Meuy Lak 12 145/22 812/124 Theng, Men, Puak, Meuy Lak 10 197/30 788/112 Phou Thay, Hmong Nalia 169/35 Hmong, Theng, Bo Lak 7 300/44 758/112 Theng, Bo, Hmong Naliang No Data Phou Thay Lak 5 338/56 682/114 Phou Thay, Theng Nong-O-Kao 159/27 780/98 Theng Nasalom 269/37 Hmong, Theng Nape 187/30 1159/154 Theng and Vietnamese Thongpe 53/10 1886/243 Hmong, Meuy, Theng Naphong No Data Bo Nachia ?? Theng January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 21 Chapter 2: Baseline Data There are a number of ethnic groups represented in Riparian communities (Bolikhamxai) that are not present in the other parts of the downstream (Khammouane and Savannakhet). These groups are present in the Nakai-Nam Theun NPA and are covered in the SEMFOP-1 since many of these villages are also classified as Peripheral Impact Zone (PIZ) villages (see Section 3). 2.3.3 Ethnic Groups along Nam Phit Table 2-2 indicates the ethnic groups of villages near the Nam Phit, and other villages whose housholds may fish in the Nam Phit. This data is based in part on the ethnic survey carried out in 2003 to supplement the data of the 2001 XBF socio-economic survey, in part collected from district sources and in part collected by anthropologists during short field visits and discussions with affected persons. In general, about 45% of the population along the Nam Katang and Nam Ngom are ethnic minorities, most belonging to the Kautic ethno-linguistic branch of the Mon Khmer group. These include the Brou (Makong or So) and the Chalui (Salui) and other smaller sub-groups. These groups speak languages that are mutually understandable and have similar cultures and belief systems. These groups have been living on the Gnommalath Plain and in surrounding areas together with the Lao Kaleung, Phou Thay, Tai Kadak, Tai Yooy and other lowland groups. All groups share a similar livelihood system based on a combination of irrigated and rain-fed paddy with limited swidden fields in surrounding upland areas for some groups. Ethnic differences to be aware of in consultations and monitoring are confined to language issues and culturally-sensitive approaches to local problems. Most Brou and other minorities are bilingual in this area but discussion groups and local-level consultations are likely to be easier in indigenous languages although information dissemination can be carried out in Lao. 2.3.4 Ethnic Groups along Nam Gnom / Nam Kathang Table 2-3 indicates the ethnic groups along the Nam Katang and Nam Ngom. This data is based in part on the ethnic survey carried out in 2003 to supplement the data of the 2001 socio-economic survey, in part collected from district sources and in part collected by anthropologists through a combination of short field visits and discussions with affected persons. It is necessary, however, as part of any further detailed survey relating to impacts and possible mitigation, to include more detailed questionaires on ethnic data. In general, about 40% of the population along the Nam Katang and Nam Ngom are ethnic minorities, most belonging to the Kautic ethno-linguistic branch of the Mon Khmer group. These include the Brou (Makong or So) and the Chalui (Salui) and other smaller sub-groups. These groups speak languages that are mutually understandable and have similar cultures and belief systems. These groups have been living on the Gnommalath Plain and in surrounding areas together with the Lao Kaleung, Phou Thay, Tai Kadak, Tai Yooy and other lowland groups. All groups share a similar livelihood system based on a combination of irrigated and rain-fed paddy with limited swidden fields in surrounding upland areas for some groups. Ethnic differences to be aware of in consultations and monitoring are confined to language issues and culturally-sensitive approaches to local problems. Most Brou and other minorities are bilingual in this area but discussion groups and local-level consultations are likely to be easier in indigenous languages although information dissemination can be carried out in Lao. 2.3.5 Ethnic Groups along Xe Bangfai In contrast to the Nakai Plateau, the population along the XBF are somewhat more permanent, and, in many places, more homogeneous. The majority of villagers belong to the Tai-Lao ethnic group, including the Tai Lao, Phou Thay, and Lao Kaleung as well as a number of groups that have been assimilated into Lao culture (categorized as "Lao Assimilated" in Chapter 6). There are, however, a number of villages inhabited by ethnic minorities, mostly the Brou (or Makong), although the livelihoods are very similar to the Tai-Lao groups. Table 2-13 presents an summary of the declared ethnicity each head-of household. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 22 Chapter 2: Baseline Data A full analysis of the ethnic dimension of villages along the Xe Bangfai is presented in Chapter 6, the XBF Ethnic Minority Development Plan, and declared ethnicity is summarised in Table 2-13 below. These communities of Brou or Makong qualify as "indigenous peoples" or ethnic minorities according to World Bank criteria as outlined in Operational Directive 4.20 because they exhibit some aspects of a distinct (although not necessarily readily discernable) social and cultural identity in comparison with the majority Tai-Lao ethnic groups. Characteristics of these ethnic group communities along the Xe Bangfai which indicate that they qualify under the World Bank policies on indigenous peoples, include: a) Language: While the ethnic minority languages in downstream areas are being replaced by Tai and Lao dialects that are mutually intelligible for lowlanders, there are still many bilingual speakers. b) Customs and Society: There are a number of customary and social institutions, and some hereditary positions of mediums (mo thiem) and ritual priests (mo phi) who perform local rituals and ceremonies, which differ from lowland rituals to some extent. Most of the ethnic groups and persons along the Xe Bangfai have coexisted for many generations, most practicing a form of "folk Buddhism" and cultivating rain-fed and more recently irrigated paddy rice. The Brou, Phou Thay and Lao groups in the lowland areas are well integrated into the national economy, especially in the Gnommalath plains, and the Upper and lower XBF, producing a surplus of rice that is sold in local markets or in Thakhek. Villages in upstream of the upper and the mid Xe Bangfai (many of which are Brou) are more isolated than the other PAVs, although even these villages a now being developed with road access, electricity (see section 30.11), and development of improved agricultural production systems. Table 2-13: Summary of declared Ethno-Linguistic category of both Male and Female Head of Households - Mainstream Xe Bangfai Villages, 2004. Phou Upland Total [HH, No Village Province District Tai Lao Thay Tai Kautuic Khmu Vietic other hHH 2001] Upstream of Upper XBF 1 1 Kangyangkham Khammouane Mahaxai 39 5 1 1 0 0 0 46 28 2 2 Nathanedong Khammouane Mahaxai 49 3 0 2 1 0 0 55 36 3 3 Nathanethong Khammouane Mahaxai 31 2 0 0 0 0 0 33 32 4 4 Veun Khammouane Mahaxai 37 1 0 0 0 0 0 38 33 5 5 Nakhay Khammouane Mahaxai 83 3 1 1 0 0 0 88 51 6 6 Nongkok Khammouane Mahaxai 36 0 0 1 0 0 0 37 22 7 7 Eelane Khammouane Mahaxai 17 1 0 80 0 0 0 98 59 8 8 Naphong Khammouane Mahaxai 1 1 1 91 0 0 0 94 56 9 9 Dangkang Khammouane Mahaxai 8 0 0 68 0 0 0 76 58 10 10 Vatthat Khammouane Mahaxai 5 0 2 67 0 0 0 74 37 11 11 Somsanook Khammouane Mahaxai 3 2 0 76 0 0 0 81 45 12 12 Nakea Khammouane Mahaxai 7 3 0 141 0 0 0 151 80 Upstream of Upper XBF total: 316 21 5 528 1 0 0 871 537 Upper XBF 13 1 Khaengsavang Khammouane Mahaxai 21 12 0 9 0 0 0 42 23 14 2 Mahaxayneua Khammouane Mahaxai 88 5 3 9 0 0 0 105 66 15 3 Mahaxaykang Khammouane Mahaxai 100 17 3 5 0 0 0 125 99 16 4 Mahaxaytay Khammouane Mahaxai 204 35 19 13 0 0 0 271 146 17 5 Povaneua Khammouane Mahaxai 155 2 2 0 0 0 0 159 86 18 6 Povatay Khammouane Mahaxai 138 16 60 12 0 0 1 227 90 19 7 Phanang Khammouane Mahaxai 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 44 20 8 Khamfeuang Khammouane Mahaxai 166 1 0 0 0 0 0 167 88 21 9 Pong Khammouane Mahaxai 8 2 2 57 0 0 0 69 36 22 10 Kengpair Khammouane XBF 108 5 1 2 0 0 0 116 75 23 11 Thakhor Khammouane XBF 67 4 1 2 0 0 0 74 49 24 12 Thahant Khammouane XBF 1 1 0 87 0 0 0 89 50 Upper XBF total: 1138 100 91 196 0 0 1 1526 852 Middle XBF January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 23 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Phou Upland Total [HH, No Village Province District Tai Lao Thay Tai Kautuic Khmu Vietic other hHH 2001] 25 1 Kengkhean Khammouane XBF 14 2 0 47 0 0 0 63 44 26 2 Kengkasee Khammouane XBF 30 15 2 39 0 0 0 86 43 27 3 Veunsananh Khammouane XBF 52 24 12 26 0 0 0 114 63 28 4 Hatpeak Khammouane XBF 3 0 0 39 0 0 0 42 38 29 5 Paksenoy Khammouane XBF 122 9 0 5 0 0 0 136 85 30 6 Thasida Khammouane XBF 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 40 32 31 7 Nathane Khammouane XBF 2 132 0 0 0 0 0 134 83 32 8 Lao Savanakhet Saybouly 1 60 0 0 0 0 0 61 29 33 9 Xiengkhay Savanakhet Saybouly 16 180 0 1 0 0 0 197 91 34 10 Kaengveang Savanakhet Saybouly 2 149 0 0 2 0 0 153 69 35 11 Dongmarfai Savanakhet Saybouly 161 2 0 1 1 0 0 165 91 36 12 Pahlay Savanakhet Saybouly 9 10 0 52 0 0 0 71 36 Middle XBF total: 412 623 14 210 3 0 0 1262 704 Lower XBF 37 1 Kuase Khammouan XBF 234 94 6 11 0 0 0 345 285 38 2 Dangtha Khammouan XBF 1 135 0 0 0 0 0 136 85 39 3 Naphoktha Khammouan XBF 152 3 1 0 0 0 0 156 73 40 4 Somsa-at Khammouan XBF 12 34 1 0 0 0 0 47 43 41 5 Yangkham Khammouan XBF 225 2 1 0 0 0 0 228 216 42 6 Hatkhamhieng Khammouan XBF 2 157 0 0 0 0 0 159 239 43 7 Namphou Khammouan Nong Bok 1 117 0 1 0 0 0 119 64 44 8 Dongkaasinh Khammouan Nong Bok 1 131 0 0 0 0 0 132 79 45 9 Sorkbau Khammouan Nong Bok 50 137 0 0 0 0 0 187 105 46 1 Natay Khammouan Nong Bok 145 0 0 0 0 0 145 76 47 10 Phak-eetou Khammouan Nong Bok 8 119 0 0 0 0 0 127 63 48 11 Hatxiengdee Khammouan Nong Bok 30 424 2 1 0 0 0 457 204 49 12 Dongsaangam Khammouan Nong Bok 56 68 6 3 0 0 0 133 68 50 13 Dongphakpheua Khammouan Nong Bok 7 102 0 0 212 0 0 321 153 51 14 Tanetheung Khammouan Nong Bok 231 82 0 0 0 0 0 313 148 52 15 Sumnadee Khammouan Nong Bok 676 351 126 9 0 0 0 1162 30 53 16 Navangneua Khammouan Nong Bok 5 253 3 1 0 0 0 262 196 54 1 Navangthong Khammouan Nong Bok 13 128 3 0 6 0 0 150 123 55 18 Hatxaifong Khammouan Nong Bok 2 112 0 0 0 0 0 114 56 56 29 Navangnoy Khammouan Nong Bok 0 132 0 0 0 0 0 132 69 57 20 Navangtay Khammouan Nong Bok 0 172 0 0 0 0 0 172 73 58 21 Saadeauneua Khammouan Nong Bok 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 130 59 22 Saadeautay Khammouan Nong Bok 17 8 0 3 1 0 0 29 90 60 23 Phonhsaoea Khammouan Nong Bok 15 11 1 7 121 0 0 155 66 61 24 Thamoang Khammouan Nong Bok 0 84 0 0 0 0 0 84 38 62 25 Danepakse Khammouan Nong Bok 117 16 3 1 0 0 0 137 84 63 26 Manilad Savanakhet Saybouly 120 26 0 2 0 0 0 148 41 64 2 Khamsavang Savanakhet Saybouly 94 0 0 1 0 0 0 95 29 65 28 Daangsavanh Savanakhet Saybouly 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 59 66 39 Souvanxai Savanakhet Saybouly 25 93 0 1 0 0 0 119 73 67 30 Hatkhamdee Savanakhet Saybouly 71 4 0 0 0 0 0 75 38 68 31 Tonhaen Savanakhet Saybouly 287 9 0 0 0 0 0 296 175 69 32 Beungse Savanakhet Saybouly 42 113 0 0 0 0 0 155 122 70 33 Hatsaisugneua Savanakhet Saybouly 208 1 0 0 0 0 0 209 129 71 34 Hatsaisugtay Savanakhet Saybouly 204 1 0 0 0 0 2 207 105 72 35 Thadorkham Savanakhet Saybouly 32 39 0 0 0 0 0 71 36 73 36 Kangpa Savanakhet Saybouly 36 77 1 0 1 0 0 115 71 74 3 Thabor Savanakhet Saybouly 20 77 0 0 0 0 0 97 57 75 38 Kaengphosy Savanakhet Saybouly 101 7 0 1 0 0 0 109 69 76 49 Sakong Savanakhet Saybouly 151 4 0 0 0 0 1 156 86 77 40 Phakfeuaneua Savanakhet Saybouly 101 0 2 0 0 0 0 103 61 78 41 Phakfeuatay Savanakhet Saybouly 109 0 1 0 1 0 0 111 63 79 42 Somsaa-at Savanakhet Saybouly 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 102 80 43 Houi-hai Savanakhet Saybouly 133 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 76 81 44 Naxiengkhane Savanakhet Saybouly 125 0 0 0 2 0 0 127 65 82 54 Nongheuathongne Savanakhet Saybouly 128 0 0 0 24 0 0 152 58 January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 24 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Phou Upland Total [HH, No Village Province District Tai Lao Thay Tai Kautuic Khmu Vietic other hHH 2001] 83 4 Nongheuathongtay Savanakhet Saybouly 20 2 0 0 0 0 1 23 23 84 4 Thaphoxai Savanakhet Saybouly 171 9 0 1 0 0 0 181 102 85 48 Thakharm Savanakhet Saybouly 151 1 0 0 0 0 0 152 97 86 59 Nasang Savanakhet Saybouly 163 67 0 4 2 0 2 238 121 87 50 Bouakhay Savanakhet Saybouly 213 20 0 1 0 0 5 239 109 88 51 Pong Savanakhet Saybouly 35 112 1 2 1 0 12 163 84 89 52 Paksebangfai Savanakhet Saybouly 136 7 0 0 0 0 12 155 96 3 Lower XBF total: 4633 3686 158 50 371 0 35 8933 5003 TOTAL 6,499 4,430 268 792 375 0 36 12,400 7,096 2.4 HOUSEHOLD INCOME An estimate of annual household income for the Xe Bangfai mainstream communities was obtained during the 2001 Xe Bangfai socio economic survey in which 15 persons per village were the subject of a questionnaire (recall) based survey. A summary of the results of this survey is presented in Table 2-8, and in more detail in detailed in Annex N. The most important source of livelihood is agriculture (17 ­ 43 %), fish (13 ­ 23 %) and wages (13 ­ 32 %). The imputed income for downstream households represents from 27 % (Upper XBF) to 44 % (Middle XBF) of the total income. Off-farm sources of income appear to account for a considerable amount of income for many downstream communities. Income from shops varied from 1.8 to 5.6 % on average per household in the downstream areas and income from services from 1.4 to 8.2 %. Wages in private and public sectors and pensions accounted for 28 %. This reveals that the downstream economy in general terms appears to be more diversified in relation to sources of income. Table 2-14 shows that household incomes in 2001 are highest in the Upper XBF and lowest in the Middle XBF. The average income per year of 6,110,319 Kip in all downstream communities is more than three times that reported for the Nakai Plateau (1,868,860 Kip) in 1998. However, because of the devaluation of the Kip between 1998 and 2001, the US dollar averages show less difference: US$ 664 in the lowlands versus US$ 450 on the Plateau. Approximately two-thirds of the households in the lowland communities are poor, using the Lao PDR definition of poverty (per capita monthly income below 82,000 Kip). Those households relying solely on agricultural production, i.e. full-time farmers, have the highest incidence of poverty in the lowland communities. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 25 ataDenliseaB XBF HH )piK(e 63 07 69 69 68 27 92 94 9 480,4 732,4 298,9 101,2 462,0 329,0 683,54 41 55 23 129,2 171,0 451,8 401,47 0,31 m ,657,31 ,176,41 6,11 p/yearik 26 Total co Average In 2:re 29.8 13.5 11.6 .43 1.6 .76 .84 13.0 0.8 1.4 .81 11.1 0.6 apt Ch HH F )piK(e 7 0 1 7 0 0 6 2 3 79 r 841,77 722,71 210,07 98,865 414,17 300,65 805,32 48,216 86,469 111,25 691,07 35,831 p/yik m 1,850,08 6,216,4 XB co Average In wer Lo deyevruSltaoT )piK(e 6 00 00 00 00 05 ,329 ,8006 ,2365 ,6001 ,0005 ,6926 ,2384 ,0003 moc ,810 8,598,07 8,332,03 8,742,66 8,445,08 8,485,72 In ,471 ,20966 ,55475 ,01761 ,26923 ,01932 ,23046 ,40945 4 26.5 2.3 14.4 6.7 2.6 8.6 3.9 22.6 1.4 1.8 1.2 3.9 2001 in ) 3 3 0 2 1 4 8 6 2 1 r F HH ,96 ,44 ,29 ,37 ,21 ,19 ,68 ,56 (Kipe 105 674 315 122 400 183 667,66 244,48 250,65 ,97 ,03 892, 188 181 p/yki rveyedussa XB ageer le Av mocnI 1,236 1,057 4,672 Midd s,r yede )p 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 agelliV Surv (Kie 9,8 7,0 8,0 5,0 3,9 0,0 4,0 5,0 5,0 5,5 653,376 372,200 361,800 taloT mocnI 222, 18,97 121, 56,76 21,99 72,03 33,06 190, 12,00 15,16 10,12 34,01 32,58 amret 16.9 .41 10.3 12.6 0.9 .46 .94 23 0.3 .92 .94 .75 .91 3e ) 9 0 9 3 6 3 2 0 0 7 2 6 r Mains HHeg 43 (Kipe 239,83,1 108,43 797,42 978,70 66,188 493,39 376,09 479,96,2 20,688 224,00 376,95 437,91 146,84 p/yik lumoV­ XBF Bangfai eravA mocnI 7,746, Xefo Upper anlPtnem ed ) 00 00 00 0 00 05 05 eyvr Su (Kipe ,3201 cedu taloT mocnI ,56 297 023,2,62 ,000383, ,800888, 191 234 885,0,51 ,000514, 118 262,2,09 ,900091, ,965,004 595 760,0,35 468,0,09 ,000001, 105 242,1,53 Develop rod Kip Imputed) 6 0 cialoS­ % and .903 3.7 .211 2.2 0.9 4.4 .542 8.2 5.6 0.8 1.9 lf-pesd ans nsio 9,200 F ) 5 5 8 0 2 7 0 0 7 3 r (Cash XB HH (Kipe 6,96 8,10 0,60 1,05 18 57 11 ,29254 5,54 4,06 5,10 7,66 3,33 30 22 41 28 ,83304 ,16769 7284, ectjorP2 p/yki giftht calculate eun me pperU ageer Av of mocnI 1,55 1,24 5,08 bose comni =1$SUginsu Th Incofo cludin in ed ulatedc Nam ed ) 05 00 00 00 ey 5,8 2,0 ucts cal Upstream od urcesoS Surv (Kipe 22,572,603 68,473,000 13,326,000 5,435,0 36,665,000 26,888,000 50,120,000 34,000,000 4,900,0 11,540,000 pr taloT mocnI cludint 186,83 149,41 al no arese are 2-14: ldoS ldoS ldoS elifd ble de culturirgA ans Lo comni$SU of of of Ta d ural ural Fishd of of ivestockLd of Wil & tirer eg ValuelatoT tscu fei Incomed * ** *** 2005yarunaJ ock ancet onsumeC ricult od Ag Pr ValuelatoT tscu ricult od Ag Pr ValuelatoT ons se onsumeC ValuelatoT hsFi ValuelatoT onsumeC Wildl & ValuelatoT vestiL gnisa Pensions, pers Wag Le vicingreS ShopsllamS mit tsna eravAlat Re Gr To Surveye Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.5 FLOODING OF THE LOWER XE BANGFAI The region of the Xe Bangfai between the Road 13 Bridge and the Mekong River is referred to as the lower region of the Xe Bangfai. Discharge in this region will be increased by approximately 220 m3/s in average over the entire year. Under normal conditions, this area is flooded every year due to backwater effects of the Mekong and flooding in the Xe Bangfai. According to the 36-year hydrologic record obtained at Road 13 Bridge, the Xe Bangfai flooded in 31 years. Figure 2-5 shows the villages that are flooded naturally by the Xe Bangfai. A distinction is made between mainstream villages and hinterland villages on one side for which demographic data exist, and villages not yet covered by any survey in the SDP. According to the model prepared by SMEC, the flooding in the Lower Xe Bangfai will in a 1.6 Year ARI event at Mahaxay cover a total of 24,661 ha (see Figure 2-6). Around two thirds of this area (15,895 ha) is flooded with more than 1 meter. Flooding in the Lower Xe Bangfai takes place through the tributaries and for this reason flood gates have been installed in many of these. Only late in the rainy season when water levels in the Xe Bangfai reach the banks will flooding take place here. Elevations of the right and left river banks have been measured for every 20-25 metres and are presented in Figure 2-7 and Figure 2-7, respectively. The full data set (with coordinates, elevation and location) for each point measured for the 45 km from the confluence with the Mekong is presented in Annex 2-1 for the right bank and Annex 2-2 for the left bank. Many flood gates are poorly designed, i.e. they only open one way and/or in a poor state. The features, dimensions and location of the flood gates are presented in Table 2-15 and photos of each of the 22 gates and other tributary structures are depicted in Annex 2-3. A map of all tributary locations with indication of presence of gates is given in Figure 2-6. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 27 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-5: Map of Villages Subjected to Natural Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai Area. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 28 Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-6: Extent and Depth of Natural Flooding in Lower Xe Bangfai Area. January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 29 ataDenliseaB 30 000 50, 2:re apt Ch 0 ,00 45 0 ,00 40 0 ,00 35 Mekong).ehth 00 ,003 ) wit m( 00 ,052 nagei Cha Confluence 3e from 000 20, lumoV­ ancert (Dis anlPtnem nkaB 000 15, Develop Right 000 cialoS­ ngfai,aB 10, ectjorP2 Xere 0 eun ,005 Th Low ofn Nam evatiolE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 2-7: 150 148 146 144 142)m( noit140 avelE 138 136 134 132 130 Figure 2005yarunaJ ataDenliseaB 31 50,000 2:re apt Ch 45,000 0,0004 0 35,00 Mekong).ehth 30,000 wit (m) gea 25,000 ain Ch Confluence 3e m fro 20,000 lumoV­ ancert (Dis ,000 anlPtnem nkaB 15 Develop Right cialoS­ 10,000 ngfai,aB ectjorP2 Xere eun ,0005 Th Low ofn Nam 0 evatiolE 2-8: 148.000 147.000 146.000 145.000 144.000 143.000 142.000 141.000 140.000 139.000 138.000 )m(noitavelE Figure 2005yarunaJ aerA ed odloF ha0 200 ah0063 ataDenliseaB egdirB no 32 n evati m m de El 421 m241 m m m 431 451 461 m341 m 361 m241 m041 m 421 m241 m241 m 421 m2 14 m241 m141 m4 14 441 m341 m141 2:re oo W opT apt E E Ch se natdirooC tingsaE 01 E9 E4 E7 58 68 49 944 E245294 E382194 E6 86 854 E673184 E0 E0 07 21 834 814 E372484 E3 E5 41 45 794 784 E751974 E2 E4 60 35 744 954 E128094 E467484 E3 E6 82 73 834 814 E733384 00 3284 90 54 814 844 ing th or N - N5199881 N N N N N N N N N N N N N 17 N6 N1 N2 N3 N3 05 22 37 85 79 53 35 20 14 94 34 01 98 86 63 25 891 90 87 18 18 881 N7428881 63 08 77 53 881 881 71 18 881 N3808781 08 25 11 62 69 18 871 881 85 18 N2205881 69 52 02 16 87 11 881 881 871 871 871 871 e ancst FBX 0 0 m 35 40 5 0 Di mofr 002 052 053 003 002 052 002 002 003 02 001 50 30 002 001 001 001 051 001 no el el el el el el el iti nd Good abe leba abe ro Po Co Us abesU abesU nekorB el abesU oodG seU Us abesU abesU abesU t r uilB eaY 91 19 8991 8 5 5 991 991 991 1991 1 002 1002 8791 5991 7791 8 8 6 971 971 991 i.a htgneL nwod-pu .57 5.7 01 01 01 5.21 10.3 01 9 9 5.21 5.21 2.71 Bangf Xere e m-h l tota 17 07 09 02 05 1.52 41 m31 m21 92 42 92 m22 42 06 43 61 11 21 m42 21 42 urctu dt wi cefa 0 0 0 8 5.3 m4 m7 m8 7 0 6.3 22 4 4 4 4 5 5.2 0 str th Low, le eig m 4 8 10 5 21 6 5 .55 8 8 7 5 8 5 01 3 3 3 7 .53 4 8 ho H W urestcurtS d' e f'dn f'dn f'dn d' f'dn d' d' f'dn f'dn f'dn f'dn f'dn e ge ypT brid egdirb ge ge infer,te brid brid dretnoC rei,e rei,e rei,e infer,te rei,e infer,te infer,te rei,e rei,e rei,e rei,e rei,e 3e ary oncreC retcnoC retcnoC retcnoC oncreC retcnoC oncreC oncreC retcnoC retcnoC retcnoC retcnoC retcnoC gedirbtoof o ibut m- Tr Size xHxN W 2x5.1x51. 2x2x5.1 6.1x61. 3x53.x52. 4x61.x6.1 3.1x3.1 4x 5.3x .53 2x61.x6.1 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 6.1x61. lumoV­ otherd desi lta anlPtnem anse gni ldeiF endoo endoo W W aletM aletM lateM lateM Me lateM aletM aletM aletM aletM aletM enpo o m- N 3x Gatdo teaG Size xHx 1.6x W .61 2x61.x6.1 2x 1.6x6.1 3x6.1x61. 3x5.3x5.2 4x61.x6.1 2x61.x6.1 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 2x6.1x61. 1x6.1x61. Develop cialoS­ Flofo desi fai onitac lidingsl,ta pingp pingp pingp bang Xe Me fla,lateM 2l,ateM gnippalf,aletM gnippalf,lateM flal,ta Me fla,lateM gnippalf,lateM gnippalf,lateM gnippalf,aletM gnippalf,aletM gnippalf,aletM ectjorP2 eun y Th Lo eg aTko gn gn gno and ng hiem eao hn h aTauehP eua ard Ph Nam Villa NongBonn Ba PhananB uo ngau ak ak mSa- DanaB Ph nh eouDa hnavaSg nS niah Ph rtKhaaH maN ouibS BorkroS anPhakiitouB Ba eeDgneiXnaB ayfoxtaH nPhonsa dan anB Ba anB arnD nPhonTa Ton Ba apgnaKnaB Ph anB anB SonaB raiHnaB uathoHgnoN g Features eni River/ e ma tcrist y g ng Di ko tcrist an kaKg cti a ya rka amh 2-15: teaG N fai KayuaH Lo Maem Sayn khSi apgnaK hnihP kea Pap riaH Th uayPhH haPyaSyauH kaaPyauH Dik bo yavyauH BorkroS KeyauH hnuoByauH bongkahPyauH ayuH ayuH ouedaSya Hu ayBanuH ayuH ayuH oungleaSya ble Hu ayuH ayuH ayuH ayuH ayuH ayuH Ta meIt ngaB ngo Distrliuob 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Xe N 10 11 21 13 Xay 14 15 61 17 18 19 20 21 22 2005yarunaJ Chapter 2: Baseline Data Figure 2-9: Location of Tributary Structures, Lower Xe Bangfai January 2005 Nam Theun 2 Project ­ Social Development Plan ­ Volume 3 33 Chapter 2: Baseline Data 2.6 FISHERIES IN THE NAM THEUN DOWNSREAM AREA A survey undertaken by LARReC (2004) covered approximately 9% of households (HH) (169 HH and 1,109 Project Affected Persons (PAP)) in 21 villages representing a population of 12,600 people and 1,929 HH. The 21 villages surveyed formed a sub-sample of the total population of 70 villages and were selected on the basis of their likely fishing activity and their direct use of the main stream Nam Theun. The villages were also selected on the basis of their distribution within the catchment, and aimed to establish (i) any differentiation between communities engaged in fisheries activities within the major tributaries, in relation to communities with a higher dependence on resource utilization of the Nam Theun mainstream; and (ii) the relationship between seasonal distribution and composition of fish stocks within the tributaries and the mainstream of the Nam Theun. In addition, persons interviewed were chosen specifically as the "fishers" of the village. Therefore, all estimates of the population mean fish catch from the Nam Theun should be considered as an overestimate of the true sample mean. 2.6.1 Ranking of Fishing Location A qualitative ranking of waterbodies in terms of fishery importance showed that tributaries of the Nam Theun tended to be of greater importance than the Nam Theun mainstream itself. Table 2-16 shows that approximately 40% of respondent ranked the Nam Phao and Nam Kata as the most important waterbodies. The mainstream Nam Theun ranked only seventh in terms of fishery importance with only 5.6% of respondent ranking it as the most important. Table 2-16: Ranking of Importance of Waterbodies, Nam Theun Downstream Area. Water Body % importance Nam Theun - mainstream 5.6 Nam Theun - TH Headpond 13.0 Nam Ao 0.6 Nam Phouane 5.7 Pond/Rice field 8.1 Nam Kata 19.9 Nam Phao 21.0 Nam Thin 4.1 Nam Ngoy 10.7 Huay Ping El 1.7 Nam Gnoung 2.0 Nam Phiat 2.3 Reservoir 1.2 Bought 0.5 No response 3.1 In summary, the Nam Theun mainstream is not an exclusive source of fisheries production. Fishing activity on the Nam Theun above the confluence with the Nam Phao is limited to flooding periods only. A range of habitats are exploited, from rapids and waterfalls to ponds and rice fields. Again, no one habitat appeared to be utilised exclusively. 2.6.2 Fish Catch A further analysis comparing catch rates within and between villages and locations utilizing all the villages that participated in the LARReC survey has been undertaken (Table 2-17). According to the conservative estimates of the survey, villagers catch around 60,000 kg of fish per year in the Nam Theun. Other 68,000 kg are caught in the tributaries Nam Phao, Nam Phouan, Nam Thin and Nam Kata, draining into Nam Theun above the Nam Theun Hinboun Headpond, and in ponds and rice fields. 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Cat HH earA ndoP gn 2 6 # 12 6 23 7 7 13 9 79 2 74 2 shifi 142 HH 26 ) marestnw /hct (kgeg 2 2 1 5 9 30 28 58 .40 na Ca 6 villa Mou /hct )gk( 0 0 34 32 dy ma Ca HH N boret gn 2 12 9 21 # shifi 2 HH Donue Wa ) 2 6 6 g /hct (kgeg 15 62 186 25 79 79 45 .30 an Ca 5 villa ou Gn /hc )gk( 3 1 11 23 1 5 8 8 Th m Cat HH Na ma # gnihsfi 3e 2 4 6 5 11 25 3 HH ) NehtniydoBret /hc 4 1 4 (kge 3 657,1 880,4 153 166 599,4 459,3 0.01 Cat 4 villag 14,92 Ngoy /hc ) 1 (kg 72 8 8 0 0 212 307 231 Cat HH lumoV­ Nam gn 2 4 # 23 20 15 11 73 shifi 8 HH . lat ) /hc (kgeg 68 97 165 .10 To Cat illageveht villa in anlPtnem Wahc gnidaK 4 (2x ) ing . d used Mi an rs)ehot /hct (kg 01 14 Ca HH am N 2 /hc )gk( fishsdlohe Develop Cat usoh eenbsahs HH gn ofe age earofhct cialoS­ 2 7 7 # shifi 1 HH centag ) lat /hc (kge To 5244, 4644, 864 151 23 23 2003, 7002, 5091, 0642, 336 191 511 per 40.1 the villrehtoehtr Cat 10, 2759, 5013, 3262, 6761, 9911, 6655, 8795, 855,95 foer villag guif n 3 Cadnasrehs euhT (1x ) d (kg 32 32 61 8 71 71 81 81 3 3 3 21 82 82 92 81 ager Mi an rs)ehot /hct andydobre Ca HH wat ave ma ectjorP2 N 1 /hc ) 5 9 2 (kg 77 87 8 5 - 031 78 24 95 102 17 402 17 86 93 83 34 Cat HH eachnign The.deinat # gni 2 45 19 4 23 32 49 15 24 85 7 eun shfi 302 HH 33 r.e shifign obt . es.id Th 1 5. waterbo Fifore onsaeS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS Octob-ya catiidnis Theun). ng)diaK rale M dentn am am sev Nam HH gn 4 as 51 95 32 51 15 48 40 29 45 32 61 79 15 30 85 74 26 83 91 spoer (N1gni (N2gni and2,1gni # shifi 8 8 9 usese season of ud fo gn mb 45% % HH shifi %05 90% 20% 50% 13% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 40% 80% 12% 50% 45% 18% 50% 80% 20% 12% 90% Wet;lripA- erbmuneht udclni udclni excl nosawsdlohesuohginhsfifo es,id es,id es,id bo bo bo casynamni HH 2 5 1 1 4 6 2 9 1 erb 90 64 99 72 99 67 30 66 45 92 77 92 morf ter ter ter ers Nu:71-2ebl shif # 10 10 16 10 11 10 15 16 13 2,034 vemoN edatulc as wafoxima wafoxima wafoxima geatnecrepno calsi omrf omrf omrf ionatmro as001 than e inf,s agll H nea 6 6 6 Vi na (kg)hc 7 nedfiedsin ers shiffo edn edn edn ay 6 6 6 Hfo lat gherhisilat diBgn ua oahP ngaue yS ongh To Ta Ke ammouhK Phr 5k 7k Ko La La 10kaL de mahk m roKgn mod M mol Phou caBa gno reKgno #la catla taibosihc taibosihc taibosihc of Na Na Na No Ou Pha Phone Phon Phont opS roKgn ahPgn Tofo Th Th Th Va Va Tot Tot % seasoyrD erbmuN Cat Cat Cat villageesehtroF % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2005yarunaJ ataDenliseaB 36 2:re apt .a latoTd eg 1 6 912 750 424 17 507 272 247 332 775 Ch Are Gran villa/htcaC ) 2728, 3508, 0744, 8814, 9933, 8304, 1314, 3532, 3086, (kg 13, 4515, 3615, 6502, 1474, 9071, 1786, 4754, 7063, 4853, 7733, 2651, 1881, 4171, 5092, 0442, 0921, 6731, 1543, 0904, 7742, 4473, 8772, 6952, 4791, 1,93 37,261 m sulp 6- 15 16 05 74 70 87 57 )g(k 581 441 173 - 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