WORLDBANKGROUP E du- -nI-- Departent of Foreign Affirn andTIrade VARIABL RENEW BLE NERG NTEGRTION lVRE WW .PA.RGF . .. .... Specifically, to the Pacific Power Association (PPA), The World Bank, ESMAP, and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, all who pursued the vision towards performing and evaluating CQ\AAD SCADA and EMS system design A WORTHY ASSESSMENT: across the Pacific Island Australian Covernrnent ICountries Combating challenges to ' RE-Asset installation throughout the PLEASE VISIT THIS LINK FOR FURTHER INFORMATION grids across the Pacific Islands http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/984391585680555610/pdf/Mýcronesia-Federated-States -of-Energy-Sector-Developrnent-Project.pdf 1 2 STUDYING ISLAND GRIDS AND CAPACITIES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF DECODING MANY CHALLENGES THAT PRESENT ITSELF WITH REGARD VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY (VRE) ASSET INSTALLATION AND TO VRE SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN SIDS: METHODS TO MITIGATE CHALLENGES Ensuring sufficient firm capacity: Ensuring that the generation fleet will be able to 0, THE INTEGRATION OF RE ASSETS INTO THE GRID: reliably supply electrical load at all times. 5 Achieving the transition to renewable energy relies on multiple factors. As Ensuring system stability: A known and a integration intensifies, technical challenges present itself. Small Island major technical concern this is more Developing States (SIDS) tend to face multiple challenges with regard to relevant when targeting high shares of VRE - - in small power systems.l operation across power systems, especially with regard to the integration of iw solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind into power systems. Compliance with physical limits: Issues Economic assessment based on Generation Dispatch Analysis Tool and Input with regard to thermal capacity of lines, data from each utility cables, transformers and other network elements that can lead to disruption in power flow. Flexibility with regard to future power generation: Systems with high-flexibility can be considered less sensitive to VRE integration - given that the generation can be - controlled on demand, SIDS rely on diesel generators for electrical supply, This means high ZIU ramping capacities, short start-up/shut-down times and low-technical minimum allowing them U to operate at partial load. U U .. r .. . . .... % VRE ENERGY PROVIDED htps//ocmetsworlbakor/e/pblcaio/dcu ensreports.'documentdNtailY799221594621241I952/finaf report and mad!M for chuuk . .. .. public utilitic,5 corporation-assessmeint-of variable fenewabck, energy grid-integratbon-and ovaluation of scada-and emns-systemn design in the paii.ila dcu te EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES TO INSTALL VRE-SYSTEMS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY THE CHALLENGE SPECIFICALLY WITH REGARD TO SOLAR SYSTEM FITTINGS: RE energy supply is functionally equivalent to reduction in demand - large, rapidly rising and falling fluctuations in demand for - - dispatchable power. Multiple factors play a role as disruptors especially when it comes to solar systems in grids. The challenges to integration especially with grids powered with solar battery are influenced b y remoteness, ntlaio nal generatorse provtide voltage...upport..and remoteness, isoaton and small-scale functionn ency contro to the grid. VRE generators can too, potentially, but and demand, and the scope and use with regard to t' a addtiona capital investment. the utilisation of SCADA systems for efficient and the safe operation of systems, LOW CAPACITY FACTOR: UNCERTAINTY: VRE plants only run when sun or wind cooperates. According to the Energy Information Administration, in 2014 the average capacity factor - production relative to potential - for The output of VPE plants cannot be predicted with perfec utility-scale solar PV was around 28 percent; for wind, 34 percent. (By way of comparison, the accuracy in day-ahead and day-of forecasts, so grid operators average capacity factor of US nuclear power was 92 percent: those plants are almost always have to keep excess reserve running just in case. producing power) Because of the low capacity factor of VRE, conventional plants are needed to take up the slack, but because of the high output of VRE in peak hours, conventional plants LOCATION-SPECIFICITY: sometimes don't get to run as often as needed to recover costs. Sun and wind are stronger (and thus more economical) in some places than in others - and not Small isolated systems tend to be unstable and causing many power outages and fluctuations of always in places that have the necessary transmission infrastructure to get the power to where it's voltage and frequency. Too much renewable energy could make the power grid more unstable. needed. Land area is limited on Pacific islands. 5mmm6m ft FULL-STEAM AHEAD: RESULTS AND PROJECT STUDIES THE PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION OF SCADA AND BATTERY POWERED SYSTEMS IN KOSRAE, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA: The project was undertaken by the Energy Sector Development Project (P148560, ESDP) and the Sustainable Energy Development and Access Project (P165183, SEDAP) to support the Kosrae Utilities Authority (KUA) to enable their RE capacity and improve efficiency. The additional solar PVs could increase the RE curtailment In order to mitigate the curtailment and make best use of KUA's power supply infrastructure, it is planned that a battery storage system with Capacity of approximately 1MW/1MWh will be deployed under SEDAP, and a SCADA is expected to be implemented under SEDAP. PLNO CIN STDYN VR ASE INERTO AN HO IT CNBE ~UbOIXFA'Vb d SAMOA GRID PHASING OUT DIESEL GENERATION - IMPACT ON JOTTING DOWN INFERENCES AND TAKE-AWAYS: PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS: We udertan I1 I Y I iiC .ti :I H ing aboth a lege w:ih I rI v K ci j :,)u o-7 s do s Me-,fere- cc e .Wk The existing HV network of the Samoa Grid is formed of 33kV, 22kV and 11kV feeders de__ndIs, and often sol rniv be unabLe to rn1 : .- e demr nd The generation mix consists of diesel, hydro, PV and wind with total instaled capacity of 59,775 kW. Based on the goals set by Pacific power utilities to Voltage Control and risks: Can be mitigated by equipping power supply transformers with off-load operate their network with little or no diesel generators, the Samoa grid is tap changers, main load centres can be electrically weak, and renewable power generation can be phasing out the existing diesel generators at Flaga with a capacity of 4 x remote and can differ as per requirements. Also, voltage instability may occur due to long 5,778kW, which accounts for approximately 45.8% of the total installed overhead circuits. Primary transformer set points can be changed manually or automatically by a generation capacity in the system. remote signal from the control room THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (RMI) STUDY FOR Small utilities: Can have a lack of data with regard to network and existing generation, Impact EBYE IS UNDERWAY: Assessment must be conducted, The World Bank currently implements the Exploring energy storage solutions: Energy storage can help balance generation and demand on Sustainable Energy Sector Development Project island networks. Battery storage reducing in price and increasingly co-located with renewable (SEDeP). SEDeP's objective is to increase the generation to help manage intermittency by smoothing outputs and enabling peak generation share of renewable energy generation, output shift, enhance the reliability of electricity supply and improve energy The VRE study provided recommendations and solutions specific to the challenges and paved efficiency in RMI. SEDeP phase 1 the way for new investment opportunities. has already been active and the project components ASSESSMENT OF BATTERY STORAGE IPP-PPP SCHEMES FOR THE PACIFIC UTILITIES(ENGLISH) include the investment ht p//d ocumen s.w i dbank.org/curated/en/5207215998851247/Assessment-of-Battery-storage-IPP-PPP- of 4MW scale solar Schemes-for-the-Pacific-Utilities PV and 1MWh battery storage in Majuro SEDeP is aligned with the WBG's . twin goals of ending extreme . poverty and promoting shared prosperity in a sustainable I manner by facilitating RMIs efforts to provide cleaner and less expensive electricity. Furthermore, beyond the grid-connected solar PV, it is anticipated that the project will help strengthen the capacity of the country to mainstream and scale up efficient and cleaner generation technology, aspects needed to meet demand in the years ahead. This will support the sector to move toward a more sustainable operation. The Government of RMI intends to explore the opportunities for further RE investments, with the support from SIDS DOCK Program, RMI hasO identified potential investments of renewable energy power projects in Ebeye and the Outer Islands (Wotje, Jalult, Rongrong, and Santo), and is preparing the design and the technical specificat ions for the discussion towards SEDeP phase 2. VRE SYSTEM ESMAP - SIDS DOCK Pacific VRE Work shops (Feb 2018 and Feb 2019 in Fiji) INTEGRATION: Go gle From the various system integration studies that have been ENERGY IS CENTRAL TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION. IT performed f rom the present pe AFFECTS ALL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT - SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL - system, we can ascertain that INCLUDING LIVELIHOODS, ACCESS TO WATER, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, HEALTH, energy storage would be POPULATION LEVELS, EDUCATION, AND GENDER-RELATED ISSUES. required, in addition to strategies, business models that are required CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE DEFINING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE OF OUR for storage systems in future GENERATION. THE WAY THE WORLD DEALS WITH CLIMATE CHANGE TODAY WILL HAVE A grids, For instance the utilisation Server and Support Engineer are located in Fiji. DIRECT BEARING ON THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF A LARGE SECTION OF HUMANITY. of the power system software (DigSILENT PowerFactory) would THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRACTICES WE need a grid model which was ENVISION GENERATING SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD TO provided by the VRE study to complement the software and the technical assistance for which was ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE, INNOVATION-BASED GROWTH. funded by another RET F, both Trust Funds are managed by the World Bank. 9 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THIS BROCHURE WAS PREPARED UNDER THE WORLD BANK'S REGI1ONAL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (P152653)1 AND THE PACIFIC POWER ASSOCIATION (PPA)2. ADMINISTERED BY THE WORLD BANK-ASSISTS LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES TO INCREASE THEIR KNOW-HOW AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY TO ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. ESMAP IS FUNDED BY AUSTRALIA, AUSTRIA, DENMARK, THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, FINLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, ICELAND, ITALY, JAPAN, LITHUANIA, LUXEMBURG, THE NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE WORLD BANK GROUP. COPYRIGHT © 2020 THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / THE WORLD BANK GROUP 1818 H STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE FINDINGS, INTERPRETATIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS PUIBLICATION ARE ENTIRELY THOSE OF THE AUTHORS AND SHOULD NOT BE ATTRIBUTED IN ANY MANNER TO THE WORLD BANK, OR ITS AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS, OR TO MEMBERS OF ITS BOARD OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS OR THE COUNTRIES THEY REPRESENT. THE WORLD BANK DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OF THE DATA INCLUDED IN THIS PUBLICATION AND ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR ANY CONSEQUENCE OF THEIR USE. 1 HTP:/PR J CT.WOLDBAK. R /E/PRJ CT- OERTIONS/