March 2013 E4072v3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN NAYA RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH  Naya Raipur Development Authority Near Mahanadi Dwar of Mantralaya Raipur – 492 001 Chhattisgarh, INDIA Tel: +91 0771 4066011 Fax: +91 771 4066188 Website: www.nayaraipur.com NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN NAYA RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India I NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Need of the project 1-2 1.2 Project background 3-5 1.3 Scope of study 6 1.4 Structure of EIA report 7 2.0 Project description 2.1 Naya Raipur 8 2.2 Road transport system 8-9 2.3 Project benefits 9 2.4 Proposed BRT system 10-11 2.5 BRTS components 11-20 2.6 Relocation of Utilities 20 2.7 Salient Features of BRTS 20 2.7.1 Alignment of Bus Lanes for BRT system in Naya Raipur 20 2.7.2 Open and Closed System for BRT operation 21 2.7.3 Proposed service system for Naya Raipur 21 2.7.4 Pedestrian and cycle tracks 21 2.7.5 Proposed buses 21-22 2.7.6 Frequency of operation 22 2.7.7 Fleet size 22 2.7.8 Feeder services 22 3.0 Review of environmental regulatory framework 3.1 Environmental clearance 23-25 3.2 Road policy of Chhattisgarh 25 3.3 State environment policy 25-26 3.4 Strategies 26 3.4.1 Environmental resource planning 26 3.4.2 Collaborative governance and market based mechanism 26 3.4.3 Positive intervention through public participation 26-27 3.5 State forest policy 27 3.5.1 Forest 27 3.6 Regulation for the village settlement areas 27-28 3.7 Regulation for the agriculture and other area outside the rural 28-29 settlement 3.8 General regulation 29-31 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India II NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CHAPTER NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. 3.9 NRDA policy on environment and conservation of water body 31 3.9.1 Green belt 31 3.9.2 Surface Water 31-32 3.9.3 Ground water 32 3.9.4 Sewerage 32 3.9.5 Drainage 32 3.9.6 Solid waste 32-33 3.9.7 Air pollution 33 3.9.8 Noise 33 3.9.9 Energy conservation 33-34 3.9.10 Environmental policy and legal issues 34 3.10 Environmental clearance 34-35 3.11 Applicable policies and norms 35 3.11.1 Application of the environmental social management 35 framework 3.11.2 Rehabilitation policy of the government of Chhattisgarh 36 3.11.3 NRDA policy on environment and conservation of water body 36 4.0 Analysis of alternatives 4.1 Without project 37 4.1.1 Bus transportation system 37-38 4.2 With project 39 4.3 Project component alternatives 39 4.3.1 Route/corridor alternative 40-47 4.3.2 Selection of appropriate BRT corridor 48-52 4.3.3 Bus depot and night parking facilities 52-54 4.4 Control Centre 54 5.0 Baseline environmental status 5.1 Methodology of conducting baseline study 55-56 5.2 Location of the study area 56 5.3 Climate and meteorology 56-58 5.4 Environmental attributes 59 5.4.1 Air 59-63 5.4.2 Noise environment 63-64 5.4.3 Water environment 64-73 5.5 Land environment 73-74 5.6 Soil 75-76 5.7 Ecological environment 76-77 5.7.1 Forest area and terrestrial ecology 77-79 5.7.2 Aquatic ecology 80-81 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India III NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CHAPTER NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. 5.8 Faunal Profile 82-84 5.9 Socio Economic Environment 85 5.9.1 Socio demographic profile 85-87 5.9.2 Social Profile 87-88 6.0 Public consultations 6.1 Objective 89 6.1.1 Approach 89 6.2 Methodology 89 6.3 Consultations outcome 90 6.3.1 Women commuters 90 6.3.2 Consultation with students from university, colleges and 90 schools 6.3.3 Residents near terminal at agriculture institute on NH-53 90 6.3.4 Residents near Pachpedinaka -Doomar Tarai terminal on 90 NH-30 6.3.5 Commuters in Raipur city 91 6.3.6 Consultation with conductors, drivers and owners of private 91 buses in Raipur and Naya Raipur 7.0 Assessment of potential impacts and mitigation measures 92 7.1 Pollution Sources 92-93 7.2 Identification of impacts 94-95 7.3 Air environment 96 7.4 Noise 97 7.5 Impact on water resources 97-98 7.6 Impacts on land environment 98-99 7.7 Waste disposal 99 7.8 Biological environment 99-104 7.9 Socio-economic environment 104-105 7.10 Summary of impacts 105-107 8.0 Environmental management plan 108 8.1 Broad Frame: Environment Management 109 8.1.1 Air Environment 109-111 8.1.2 Noise environment 111 8.1.3 Impact on water resources 111-113 8.1.4 Impacts on land environment 113-114 8.1.5 Biological environment 114-115 8.1.6 Religious and cultural structures affecting in the BRT route 116 8.2 Environment Management Plan 116-124 8.3 Environmental management system & monitoring plan 125-128 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India IV NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CHAPTER NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. 8.4 Budget provision for EMP 131-133 9.0 Summary & conclusions 134 ANNEXURE – I Environmental Clearance for Naya Raipur 135-150 ANNEXURE – II Climatological summary for IMD station at Raipur 151-152 ANNEXURE – III Traffic monitoring data 153-157 ANNEXURE – IV Types of soil in Chhattisgarh 158-159 ANNEXURE – V Proceedings of the public consultation 160-164 ANNEXURE – VI Comments of world bank 165-168 ANNEXURE VII 169-174 Road network constructed in Naya Raipur Travel demand analysis Traffic assignment Transportation system ANNEXURE VIII Location of pick up point at secretariat building 175 ANNEXURE IX Plantation along road side 176-182 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India V NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LIST OF TABLES Table No. Particular Table 1-1 Phases of Development – Naya Raipur Table 1-2 Details of the road network for Stage-I in Naya Raipur Table 1-3 Roads Constructed as SUTP Component Table 2-1 Origin and Destination of Corridors Table2.2 Scoring of Alternative Sites Table2.3 Pick up Points in Corridor I Table 2-4 Bus Shelters In Naya Raipur Table 3-1 A list of applicable legislations Table 3-2 Sitting Criteria Delineated by MOEF Table 4-1 Vehicular growth in Raipur in last 5 years Table 4-2 Details on public bus transport system in Raipur Table 4-3 Route/Corridor Alternative Table 4-4 Origin and Destination of the selected corridors Table 5-1 Climatological Summary for Raipur (2009) Table 5-2 Monitoring Locations Table 5-3 Monitoring Program Results – AQ1 Table 5-4 Monitoring Program Results – AQ2 Table 5-5 Monitoring Program Results – AQ3 Table 5-6 Monitoring Program Results – AQ4 Table 5-7 Monitoring Program Results – AQ5 Table 5-8 Monitoring Program Results – AQ6 Table 5-9 Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations Table 5-10 Monitoring Program Results – Noise Table 5-11 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations Table 5-12 Surface water Quality Monitoring Locations Table 5-13 Ground Water Test Results as per IS: 10500 Table 5-14 Surface Water Quality within Study Area Table 5-15 Soil Sampling Locations Table 5-16 Soil Characteristics of the study area Table 5-17 list of wild animals reported in study area EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India VI NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Table No. Particular Table 5-18 list of common avifauna recorded during survey Table 5-19 Population Growth of Raipur Urban Agglomeration Table 5-20 Sex Ratio and Literacy Rate of Raipur Urban Agglomeration Table 5-21 Work Participation Rate Table 7-1 Pollutant Sources & Characteristics Table 7-2 Identification of Impacts (Construction & Functional Phase) Table 7.3 Summary Matrix of Predicted Impacts Due to Proposed Project Table 8-1 Fugitive Dust Control Measurers Table 8-2 Plantation Plan For 1500 R.M. Table 8-3 Environment management Plan Table 8-4 Suggested Monitoring Program during Construction Phase Table 8-5 Table 8.5: Suggested Monitoring Program during Operation Phase Table 8-6 Record Keeping Requirements Table 8.7 Budget Estimation Annexure – I ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR NAYA RAIPUR Table 1 Climatological Summary for IMD Station at Raipur (1951- 1980) Table 2 Climatological summary for IMD Station at Raipur (1993- 2002) Annexure – III Traffic Monitoring Data Table 1 Traffic Movement at NH-30 – Weekday Table 2 Traffic Movement at NH-30 – Weekend Table 3 Traffic Movement at NH-53 – Weekday Table 4 Traffic Movement at NH-53 – Weekend Annexure – VI Comments of World Bank Table 1 Compliance of the World Bank Comments (13th Sept 2010) Table 2 Compliance of the PMCs Comments (15th Sept 2010) Table 3 Compliance of PMC Comments (16th3November 2010) Annexure – VII Road Network Constructed in Naya Raipur Table 1 details of the road network Naya Raipur Table 2 estimated bus passenger traffic demand along major corridors Table 3 Details of Bus Routes and Network Corridor EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India VII NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Table No. Particular Table 4 Travel Demand For Naya Raipur (Daily Trips) Table 5 Details Of Development Of BRT Lanes Table 6 Guidelines of MOUD ANNEXURE IX Table 1 List of species proposed in road side landscape EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India VIII NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Particular Figure 1-1 Location map of the Naya Raipur Figure 1-2 Road Network –Naya Raipur Figure 2-1 BRT Corridor Figure 2.2 Terminal / Interchange Point on Corridor I (Source: EMBARQ (India) Figure 2.3 Proposed Site for Bus Depot at Naya Raipur Figure 2.4 Location of Bus Shelters in Naya Raipur Figure 2.5 Vehicles guidance system for docking at bus shelter in naya raipur Figure 2.6 Proposed NMT Corridor in Naya Raipur Figure 4.1 Proposed Site for Bus Depot at Naya Raipur Figure 5.1 Wind Rose Raipur (Annual For 2009) Figure 5.2 Air Monitoring Stations Figure 5.3 Water Sampling Locations Figure 5.4 Seismic Map of Area Figure 5.5 Location of Quadrant Sampling Point (Sample Plot) Along Proposed Brt Corridor With Their Photograph Figure 5.6 Showing Lotic & Lentic Water Bodies Along The Proposed Corridor Figure 5.7 Population Distribution In Various Categories Figure 5.8 Main Workers: Engagement In Different Sectors Figure 5.9 Marginal workers : engagement in different sectors Figure 8.1 New Shitala MaTa Temple Beside Navangaon Pond Figure 1 Traffic Density – NH-30- Weekday Figure 2 Traffic Density – NH-30- Weekend Figure 3 Traffic Density – NH-53- Weekday Figure 4 Traffic Density – NH-53- Weekend Figure 5 Soil Types in Raipur (Chhattisgarh) Figure 6 Modal share in inter-city passenger trips Figure 7 Modal share in intra-city passenger trips Figure 8 Location of Pick up Point at Secretariat Building EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India IX NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LIST OF PHOTOS Picture No Particular Photo 5-1 Trees on Agricultural Field Bunds along No. 2 Photo 5-2 Village plantation along Road No. 4 Photo 5-3 Sendh Lake from Road No. 7 Photo 5-4 Hanuman Temple Near Telibandha Junction Photo 5-5 National Highway near Pachipadanaka Junction EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India X NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ABBREVIATIONS AAQSRN : Ambient Air Quality Standards In Respect of Noise AC : Alternating Current AH : Amp Hour BDL : Below Detectable Limit BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand BP : Bank Procedures BRT : Bus Rapid Transit BS : Bharat Stage CDP : City Development Plan CEC : Cation Exchange Capacity CECB Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board CGWB : Central Ground Water Board CNG : Compressed Natural Gas CO : Carbon Monoxide COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CTTS : Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study dB : Decibel DC : District Collector DC : Direct Current DDP : Desert Development Program DG : Diesel Generator EA : Environmental Assessment EC : Environmental Clearance EC : Electrical Conductivity EIA : Environment Impact Assessment EMP : Environment Management Plan EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India XI NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EPC : Engineering Procurement Construction ESMF : Environmental and Social Management Framework EU : Euro FY : Financial Year g/cc : Gram per cubic centimeter GEF : Global Environment Fund GHG : Green House Gas GIS : Geographical Information System GoC : Government of Chhattisgarh GoI : Government of India GPRS : Global Positioning Response System GPS : Global Positioning System GW : Ground Water ha : Hectare HMV : Heavy Motor Vehicles IMD : Indian Meteorological Department INR : Indian Rupees IPT : Intermediated Public Transport IRC : Indian Roads Congress IS : Indian Standard ISC3 : Industrial Source Complex Version 3 ITS : Intelligent Transport System IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature IVI : Intelligent Vehicle Initiatives JNNURM : Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission KW : Kilo Watt mbgl : Meters below ground level mg/l : Milligram per liter MNC : Multi National Companies EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India XII NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forest MoRT&H : Ministry of Road Transport & Highways MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development MPN : Most Probable Number NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAMP : National Ambient Monitoring Programme NCR : National Capital Region ND : Not Detectable NH : National Highway Nm : Newton Meter NMT : Non Motorized Transport NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen NR : No Relaxation NRDA : Naya Raipur Development Authority NTU : Nephlometric Turbidity Unit OP : Operational Policy PCB : Pollution Control Board PHPDT : Passengers per hour per direction of traffic flow PM : Particulate Matter PPP : Public Private Partnership PWD : Public Works Department RDA : Raipur Development Authority RMC : Raipur Municipal Authority RoW : Right of Way RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SAR : Sodium Absorption Ratio SC : Schedule Caste SO2 : Sulphur Dioxide SPCB : State Pollution Control Board EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India XIII NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY SPL : Sound Pressure Level SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter ST : Schedule Tribes SUTP : Sustainable Urban Transport Projects SW : Surface Water TAZ : Traffic Area Zones TDS : Total Dissolved Solids US EPA : United States Environmental Protection Agency EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR, Chhattisgarh, India XIV NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CHAPTER: I INTRODUCTION The State of Chhattisgarh was carved out of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh on November 1st, 2000 in deference to its distinctive historical social background and natural resources. The new state is located in the south eastern part of Madhya Pradesh. Raipur city serves as the capital of the state. To decongest the existing Raipur and create a world class city the ‘Naya Raipur’ is being developed in close proximity to the existing airport of Raipur and beside the Raipur-Vishakhapatnam rail line in a planned manner, with state of the art physical, social and economic infrastructure. Naya Raipur Development Authority (NRDA), the nodal agency for development and administration of Naya Raipur, has proposed a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system for the main routes with dedicated bus lanes and feeder bus service on all other arterial and sub arterial roads. The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Government of India would also provide assistance to NRDA for Implementation of BRTS (For Phase 2), Rolling Stock & On -Board ITS and loan for Implementation of BRTS ( For Phase 2) assistance from the World Bank, if desired by NRDA. Under GEF is giving debt to NRDA for TA for Transit Oriented Development, Training for Capacity Building components. The proposed scheme is eligible to get financial assistance under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for eligible components. The components not eligible under JNNURM funding will be funded by Global Environment Fund (GEF). 1.1 NEED OF THE PROJECT • Connectivity of New satellite city Naya Raipur and Raipur. Whereas there is no planned public transport system. • Sustainable mode of transport system, economic to local commuters, less polluting and socially accepted. • To save the time of commuter. • To decongest the existing Raipur city transport system EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 1 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY • Naya Raipur will have latest public facility like hospital, sports infrastructure, business hub, recreation, schools. The BRT will provide connectivity to this infrastructure to the dwellers of Raipur. Naya Raipur is being planned as an agent of economic change, social transformation, efficient engine of growth - prosperity, servicing hub of trade - hospitality, hub of cultural services, hub of high quality medical services, hub of quality education facilities and as a knowledge base, thus planning an effective environment and people friendly mass rapid transit system is essential from the very beginning. The major intention of NRDA is to provide a safe, sustainable and economically efficient transportation system. Therefore, a BRT System is proposed in Naya Raipur, which would connect Raipur with Naya Raipur and will run through the main corridors of Naya Raipur too. As Naya Raipur is a new development area, the existing transport infrastructure in Raipur is taken as a base and projected for Naya Raipur. The advent of BRT system expects to bring about new technologies which would focus on “cleaner technologies� wherein the PM emissions will be much lower. Thus the proposed project will provide an environment friendly and effective transportation system. FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE NAYA RAIPUR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 2 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 1.2 Project Background Naya Raipur is planned as a satellite town and will serve as the capital of Chhattisgarh. The development of the city is proposed to be carried out in a phased manner; spread over a period of 25 years. The details of phasing are presented in Table . TABLE 1.1 : PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT – NAYA RAIPUR Phase Horizon Year Cumulative Area (Ha) Population Phase I 2011 1,50,000 3057.46 Phase II 2021 3,65,000 3733.56 Phase III 2031 5,60,00 1222.16 Total developed area at the end of Phase III 8013.10 Source: Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031 In the first phase NRDA has already constructed 70 km major city roads having 100m and 60m ROW. 27.87 km will be utilized for BRTS. In addition to it 5.75 km. road is constructed as a BRT component. The details of roads constructed are given in the Table No. 1-2. Table 1.2: Details of the road network for Stage-I in Naya Raipur BRT Road Length Number Description Corridor Number (Kilometers) of Lanes Length 100m wide Expressway joining 8.5 4 lanes Yes 1 NH-53 (including interchange) (6.3+ 2.2 with to entry point of Naya Raipur. km median 7.236 km. 2 100 m wide road joining NH- Yes 53 to NH-30 via Capital 6 lanes complex 17.3 with 9.923+4.482 median = 14.405 km. 3 100 m wide road joining 60 m 4 lanes No wide road to the South of 2.4 with Transport Hub to Expressway median 4 100 m wide road joining Yes Expressway and Capital complex 1.076 km 4 lanes 10.1 (5.7 + On 100 m. with 4.4) ROW + median 1.520 km On 200 m ROW = EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 3 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY BRT Road Length Number Description Corridor Number (Kilometers) of Lanes Length 2.596 km. 5 100 m wide road near Yes 4 lanes Muktangan connecting NH-30 2.9 with and North South 100 m wide 3.433 km. median road 6 60 m wide road North of light 4 lanes No Service Industries 2.4 with median 7 60 m wide road additional link 4 lanes No from North South road around 4.1 with Sendh Lake median 8 60 m wide road joining 4 lanes No Expressway & Airport 3.3 with median 9A 60 m wide road starting from No West side 100 m wide road , 4 lanes going around capital complex 5.9 with and joining to the North of median Commercial Complex joining 100 m wide N-S road. 9B 60 m wide road starting from No west side 100 m wide road , 4 lanes going around capital complex 2.3 with and joining to the North of median Commercial Complex joining 100 m wide N-S road 10 60 m wide road joining South 4 lanes Yes 4.2 (3.1 of Capital Complex and N-S with +1.1) 100m wide road median 0.204 km. 11 60 m wide road surrounding No 4 lanes educational complex/ 3.6 with commercial Complex near median health complex on South Peripheral link roads 3.0 No Total length of the roads 70.0 27.87 Source: DPR For BRTS in Naya Raipur Table 1.3: Roads Constructed as SUTP Component New Roads Constructed as SUTP component for BRTS Road Road Section Existing RoW / Proposed Length No. Lane RoW 12 and Sector-27 link Road 2 lanes 60/60 meter 3.43 12 A 13 In between Sector No, 7- 2 lanes 60/60 meter 3.165 15, 15-16 and 20-21 Total New BRT Road 6.595 Source: NRDA Records EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 4 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY In terms of land use, ‘transportation’ accounts for 12.55 % (1005.77 Ha) of the gross area of Naya Raipur. The major road network in Naya Raipur extends over a total length of 117.86 km and accounts for 843.97 ha of land. The hierarchy of roads in Naya Raipur by right of way is as under: FIGURE 1.2: ROAD NETWORK –NAYA RAIPUR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 5 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY This Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed project is being carried out to cater to the needs of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) prepared for GEF-SUTP. Two corridors have been identified for the study. Corridor -1 – Raipur Railway Station to Capitol Complex at Naya Raipur (24.7) Corridor -3 – NH-53 to NH-30 within Naya Raipur (17.8) The Environment Impact Assessment study will focus on identifying the likely impacts associated with the construction and operation of the proposed BRT corridor in Naya Raipur and pickup points in Raipur and mitigate them through a detailed environment management plan. The study will also design an environmental monitoring plan and an implementation mechanism and a reporting system to assess compliance with the Environment Management Plan. The base line studies have been conducted in line with the Government of India / Government of Chhattisgarh and Environmental and Social Management Frame Work. The purpose of preparing Environment Impact Assessment report is: • Identify and estimate full range of potential project impacts, both negative and positive. • Recommend measures for avoiding or mitigating negative impacts, and for enhancing positive effects, wherever feasible. • Ensure consideration of impacts in the context of project alternatives, and • Prepare plans that achieve mitigation, monitoring, and management objectives of an environmental impact assessment. 1.4 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT The Environmental Impact Assessment report will discuss the following points. Chapter 1 : Introduction. Chapter 2 : Project Description Chapter 3 : Review of Environmental Regulatory Framework Chapter 4 : Analysis of Alternative Chapter 5 : Baseline Environmental status Chapter 6 : Public Consultation EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 6 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter 7 : Assessment of Potential Impact and Mitigation Measures Chapter 8 : Environmental Management Plan Chapter 9 : Summary & Conclusions EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 7 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter-II PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 NAYA RAIPUR The proposed project of constructing Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) in the city is aimed at providing access to high speed intercity travel between the Raipur and Naya Raipur. Naya Raipur being a new city designed to decongest the existing city, which is congested due to unplanned road network infested with heterogeneous traffic conditions. The project intervention is thus aimed at introducing exclusive bus lanes on all major arterial roads. For GEF-SUTP project it is proposed to initiate BRT System to cover the central spine of the Naya Raipur city. Proposed sub-components in the project include Bus Lanes, Bus Terminals / Shelters, procurement of Bus Fleet and also a technical assistance study on Transit Oriented Development. Project outlay for the city is estimated at INR 138.5 Crores and is to be implemented in the Phase I of the project. 2.2 ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM Two National Highways namely NH-53 and NH-30 flank the Naya Raipur and these are the busiest highways of the state. Most of the goods traffic within the state moves on these highways. With the formation and full functioning of the Naya Raipur, the traffic flow of Raipur is expected to divert towards Naya Raipur up to some extent. Public transport system occupies less road space, causes less pollution and offer economical travel costs. Prior to 2009, there was no organized public transportation system present in Raipur. In consideration of these facts, an initiative was taken by the District Administration, Raipur Municipal Corporation (RMC) and Raipur Development Authority to form and register under the Indian Companies Act, 1956; a Special Purpose Company namely “Raipur City Bus Limited (RCBL)� for the purpose of providing City Bus Service. Currently, the RCBL is operating 36 city buses in 9 routes. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 8 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY At present people are using Route No. 5 to reach nearby Naya Raipur i.e. Mandir Hasoud, from here they take services of Auto Rikhsa or small four wheelers i.e. Tata Magic, ACE etc. Naya Raipur is also approachable by NH-30. The people get down from Raipur – Jagadalpur buses near Radiant Public School and use local transport facilities to reach up to Naya Raipur. 2.3 PROJECT BENEFITS The proposed BRT system will have Techno economic, Social environmental benefits. Reduction in time of travel, Equitable access throughout the city; Apart from above, following subsidiary benefits would emerge introducing the BRT system in Naya Raipur. These are; i. Economic benefits a) Avoiding gridlock, time savings, money savings both for individual as well as economy of the state as a whole b) Optimizing investments into urban infrastructure c) Encouraging shifting of future personalized vehicle trips to Transit and pedestrian modes, thus reducing the need for large capital expenditures on roads, and reducing congestion as the transit network is expanded d) Technological efficiency and enhancement in quality of life would attract investments in the city thus increasing the competitiveness of Naya Raipur in the global world ii. Social Benefits a) Affordable public transport favours social equity and accessibility b) Reduced vehicles promote safety c) Reduced emissions and short walking/ biking trips promote public health d) Walkable spaces make vibrant cities iii. Environmental benefits a) Reduces travel by personalised vehicles i.e. (VKT) b) Maintains high standards of air quality in our cities c) Protects the environment EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 9 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2.4 PROPOSED BRT SYSTEM The concept of the BRT System in India is naive and displays potential to replace other forms of public bus transportation system. The policy matters in terms of design standards and principles exclusively for BRT System are not in practice in India, so the guidelines prepared by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) or Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRT&H) do not reflect it. Since the geometric designs for the BRT System is primarily a part of the road (urban /semi urban sections) cross sectional component either with exclusiveness or mixed condition, the design guidelines adopted for roads or highways (IRC 86:1983 Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Plains) will be applied for the BRT System corridors. Proposed BRT comprises of various components like Terminals, Depot, Pick up Points, Bus Shelters, Night Parking facilities, Bus Stops, Cycle Track and Pedestrian Walkways. Total BRT corridor length is 67km, out of which 40km is within Naya Raipur, 6km in Raipur and remaining on NH-53 and NH-30. Only 6.595 km road is constructed in Naya Raipur under the upcoming BRT project. The BRTS corridors linking Naya Raipur with Raipur and within planning area of Naya Raipur is shown in the following map. This map also displays the utilization of existing road network in BRTS. FIGURE 2.1: BRTS CORRIDORS EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 10 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Table 2.1: Origin and Destination of Corridors Bus Route Corridor Origin Via Destination Linking Length (in Naya Roads (in (km) Raipur) Raipur) Corridor 1 25 km Railway Old Secretariat, Capitol NH-53- Station Telibandha, Complex Expressway Seri Khedi interchange Corridor 3 17.8 -- -- Within Naya Road No. 2 Raipur 2.5 BRTS COMPONENTS A good bus transport system is that which provides reliable, fast, safe, comfortable and affordable means of transport. Bus infrastructures play an important role in making the system fast, safe and comfortable, which are most important attributes for the success of a BRT system. The components of the bus infrastructure broadly include Bus Depot/s, Night Shelter/s for buses, transfer station/s (Station/s) and Bus Stops. 2.5.1 BRT CORRIDORS Naya Raipur BRTS (Phase I) shall covert transit demand nodes within Raipur and Naya Raipur. The description of the corridors and bus infrastructure along them are given below Corridor I : The route in this corridor connects Raipur Railway Station and Capitol Complex in Naya Raipur via present Secretariat at Raipur. Two terminal points in Raipur - (1) Railway Station, (2) Existing Secretariat are proposed on this route. The night halt for buses on this route will be in the parking area of existing Secretariat since the buses will commence service from this point in the morning and terminate service at this point in the night. Maintenance of buses will be done during off-peak period in the bus depot located in Naya Raipur. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 11 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Figure 2.2 : Terminal / Interchange Point on Corridor I (Source: EMBARQ (India) 2.5.2 BUS DEPOT The depots generally have servicing and maintenance-workshop facilities, fuelling and night parking facilities. Three possible locations for the bus depot have been analyzed and rated as given below - i. Site (1): Near SIRD approach road junction at NH 30 ii. Site (2): Amanaka depot at Raipur iii. Site (3): Near junction of Road no 1 & Road no 3 in Naya Raipur The rating of the three sites mentioned above based on comparative advantages and disadvantages are described in the table below. Table 2.2: Scoring of Alternative Sites Scoring of alternative sites for different Parameters parameters Site (1) Site (2) Site (3) Land availability Low Low High Land Procurement Low Low High Facilitation for High Low High management Suitability in terms of Medium Low High congestion and habitation Suitability in terms of dead Low High Medium haulage EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 12 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Site No. 3 seems to be more suitable for development of the bus depot. A land area of about 37 Ha has been earmarked near the intersection of the Express way (Road no. 1) and Road No. 3 in Naya Raipur for development of a Bus Depot in the Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. However, for the present need, Bus Depot for 71 buses is proposed to be developed in a part of the land, in an area of 37270 sq m. The land is owned by NRDA. It is a tabled land having gentle slope. Sufficient land is available for future expansion. The site plan is given below: Figure 2.3 : Proposed Site for Bus Depot at Naya Raipur (Source : M/s Arya Architects) The depot, besides bus parking facilities shall provide bus washing facilities, minor repairing shed, refueling facilities, workers facilities such as waiting and resting areas, cleaning and changing rooms, lockers, dining facilities and Administration area for the Bus operator. 2.5.3 CONTROL CENTRE The control centre of Intelligent Transport System application to monitor the operations and information management of BRTS shall be located in Bus depot at Naya Raipur. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 13 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2.5.4 Night Parking Facilities in Raipur The parking space, in front of gate no. 4 of the existing Secretariat Building in Raipur, shall be used for night parking of buses of Corridor I. Till the time the above parking lot is developed, existing Amanaka bus depot that is presently being used for Raipur City buses shall also be used for night parking of BRT / Interim Service buses. 2.5.5 BUS STOPS ON THE BRT CORRIDOR The BRT Lite Buses would comprise of High Floor (900mm) buses which would have doors on both sides. On the left, the door shall have steps to operate in mixed traffic. The buses would operate in median side dedicated "bus only" lanes in Naya Raipur and in mixed traffic beyond Naya Raipur. The Bus Stops in mixed traffic are planned on the kerb side, one in each direction, at a given location. These are termed as "Pick up points". The left side of bus shall have steps to facilitate boarding and alighting at these pick up points. The bus stops in Naya Raipur are planned to be located on the medians and are termed as "Bus Shelter". The right side of the bus shall not have any step and would be used for level boarding and alighting through the high level median Bus Shelters by way of docking. The Bus stops in Raipur (Pick-up Points) and in Naya Raipur (Bus Shelters) have been identified on the major traffic generating nodes. 2.5.6 PICK-UP POINTS IN RAIPUR Pickup points have been identified within Raipur city at major passenger demand points so as to operate direct services from such identified points to enable efficient transit service for the employees working in the capital complex in the peak hours. In the initial years, the demand for the BRT System would be primarily EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 14 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY to establish efficient linkages between the employee housing colonies and the residential areas in Raipur. In view of the same, following pickup points have been identified and the details of the same are set out in the table below. A brief description of the location of the pick points is given below – Table 2.3: Pick up Points in Corridor I Sl.No Pick-Up Points Distance (km) 1 Railway Station - 2 Existing Secretariat 2 3 Capitol Complex 26 1) Raipur Railway Station This is the starting point for Corridor I. BRTS will have to cater to large passenger loads throughout the day. The central location of railway station in Raipur city provides connectivity to Naya Raipur for the people of the city in addition to those of nearby towns. There is a complex movement of vehicles resulting due to drop off and pick up for passengers traveling by train via public and private transport, pick up of employees in buses of private companies as well as parking of cars and two wheelers. A suitable site in the railway land has been identified in consultation with the railway officers and a concept plan has been developed by the consultant. Since this location is not final, the assessment and its mitigative measures will be done in separate report. 2) Existing Secretariat This site will provide easy access for employees, especially those, living in private houses in Raipur and also those commuting from other towns and visitors for transit to Naya Raipur. It will also be used for night parking of BRTS buses. The site is presently used for parking of vehicles of employees working in the secretariat. The existing plinths and landscape will be incorporated in the design or altered accordingly. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 15 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The pick-up points will have ramp at one side (at the side of the street junction) with checkered tiles which will make the Pick-up points disable friendly. The pick-up points will have electronic display boards, showing real time information of bus movements for passengers. 2.5.7 BUS SHELTERS IN NAYA RAIPUR Bus shelters in Naya Raipur are proposed at median. Two types of shelters based on the width of the median (6m and 20m) shall be developed. Bus shelters will be high level (900mm) with docking facility, to offer facility for level boarding and alighting to the users. The shelter will have ramp at one side (at the side of the street junction) with checkered tiles which will make the shelters disable friendly. The Bus shelters will have electronic display boards, showing real time information of bus movements for passengers. The shelters will also have provision of off-board ticketing system. This component will be designed as semi- open and an energy efficient structure. The shelter shall be developed before January 2014. In the first phase 2 shelters near Sector 21 and 20 shall be provided, while the terminal shall be in the Capitol Complex. Table 2.4: Bus Shelters in Naya Raipur CORRIDOR BUS SHELTER Corridor I At NH 53 and R.N. 1 Junction At Junction R.N. 13 and R.N. 4, 200m ROW Corridor III At Near Cricket Satadium, R.N. 2, At Junction of R.N.2 and 9B, and at R.N. 12 All locations of Proposed Bus Shelters have been shown in the map given below; EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 16 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Figure 2.4 : Location of Bus Shelters in Naya Raipur 2.5.8 Vehicle guidance system for docking Vehicle (Bus) guidance system shall be provided in the shelters for precise longitudinal and lateral placement of the bus door with the station doors for faster, safer and convenient boarding & alighting of the passengers. Operation of sliding doors of the buses as well as of the shelters shall be with the bus driver to ensure synchronization of operation. The system shall concept of RFID Reader at Doors, TAG on the Bus Side Glass near driver, RF wireless Transmitter on the bus driver for Open/Close. Following diagram shows typical plan of operation for Ahmedabad BRT, principle of which will be same in Naya Raipur - EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 17 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Source of Diagram: Courtesy CEPT University, Ahmedabad Figure 2.5: Vehicle guidance system for docking at Bus Shelters in Naya Raipur 2.5.9 PEDESTRIAN AND NMV FACILITIES Walk and cycle are two most environment friendly modes of travel. In Naya Raipur a majority of population will have shorter trip lengths for many of their daily travel needs. The region already has a significant usage of cycles as a travel mode and providing suitable facilities at Naya Raipur will help sustain the usage of cycles. Provision of safe and comfortable facilities for the pedestrians and cyclists will result in encouraging the use of walk and cycle as an alternative to motorized transport. Naya Raipur has been planned taking into account these aspects to provide an enabling environment to encourage walk and cycle modes. All the roads in Naya Raipur are planned with sufficient space allocation for building the pedestrian walkways and cycle tracks. A network of 70 km of major roads has already been developed. Good avenue plantation and landscaping has been proposed for the smooth and safe movement of pedestrians in Naya Raipur along with other pedestrian facilities such as foot-paths and zebra crossings, traffic signals, parking for cycles etc. The funding plan under the project includes Development of approximately 36 km Cycle Tracks and Pedestrian walkways. The NMT facilities shall be developed in phases. In the first phase, it is proposed to develop corridor of length 16.3 km within the project cost of INR 377 million. The alignment of NMT Corridor and phasing has been shown in the map given below; Proposed NMT Corridor in Naya Raipur EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 18 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Figure 2.6 : Proposed NMT Corridor in Naya Raipur 2.5.10 STREET LIGHTING, FURNITURE The provisions have been made for the street lighting for important corridors based on the requirements. Street lighting design of the proposed BRT corridor assumes special significance as it has to cater to various lighting requirement such as BRT buses plying on BRT lane, other motorized traffic on mixed lane, slow moving and motorized traffic on EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 19 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY service lanes and pedestrian on footpath. These aspects would be considered at in detail design stage. 2.6 RELOCATION OF UTILITIES As Naya Raipur is a new area being developed, the utilities have been planned taking into consideration implementation of mass transit systems and separate space / area has been made available for development / setting up of other utilities / facilities. In light of the above, there is no requirement for relocation of utilities. In the Raipur City section of Corridor I, Raipur Municipal Corporation has recently widened the roads by shifting the utilities. Divided carriage ways are in place. Shifting of utilities for development of Bus infrastructure shall not be required. Remaining portion of corridor II is NH 53 and a major portion of corridor II are being developed as a 4 lane road with service road on either side by NHAI under BoT contract, shifting of utilities for constriction of pick points shall not be required. 2.7 SALIENT FEATURES OF BRTS 2.7.1 Alignment of Bus Lanes for BRT system in Naya Raipur The curb lane operations of BRT buses are proposed for Naya Raipur for reasons given below: • The inter-city and intra-city public transport system envisaged for Naya Raipur focuses on the need/requirement of a public mass transportation system, that is efficient and cuts down, the usage of personalized modes of transport systems and hence would avoid reduction in the speed of the BRT buses at the intersections. • The average width of the roads in Naya Raipur is 40 meter (single direction). To provide easier accessibility to passengers from the footpaths, a curb lane system is proposed. • 2.7.2 Open and Closed System for BRT operation EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 20 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY In Naya Raipur, mix of open and closed system is being proposed, as the BRT buses would operate on both mixed and segregated lanes respectively. BRT will have dedicated lanes with mix of grade separators, demarcated by paint and physical barrier. 2.7.3 Proposed Service System for Naya Raipur A direct service with identified points in Raipur connected to BRT System corridors is proposed for Naya Raipur. The public bus transportation system would connect the other areas to the identified points, wherein the BRT buses would pick up passengers from identified points and transfer them to Naya Raipur. 2.7.4 Pedestrian and Cycle Tracks It is proposed to provide comfortable and safe facilities for pedestrians (minimum 2.0 m wide footpath, pedestrian corridors and plazas) and cyclists (Minimum 3.0 m wide cycle tracks) along the BRT corridors. The road constructed in Naya Raipur already incorporates pedestrian footpaths for about 7.5 km. The 36 km of roadway will be provided with pedestrian footpaths and exclusive cycle tracks, as part of the BRT system. 2.7.5 Proposed Buses The Buses shall be Front diesel engine operated bus of 900 mm floor height with 2 doors. Right side door shall be 2 meter wide with no stairs to facilitate level boarding operation in median side dedicated lane. The left side door shall have 1.65 meter width with stairs to operate in mixed traffic at kerb side pick up points. A fleet size of 23 standard Buses (capacity 70) is required during the Peak hours (8 am - 9 am & 5 pm - 6 pm) for the interim period. The spare fleet required works out to be 3 buses. During the off peak period services, at headway of 30 minutes and lay over time 10 minutes, 10 Buses shall be required. The peak hour rider ship in each of the Corridor I and II for the year 2014, 2015 and 2016 are 1790, 1829 and 1867. The peak hour rider ship for Corridor III for the corresponding years are 271, 311 and 344. The service shall be operated with policy headway of 20 minutes. The commercial speed of the buses shall be 30 kmph on Corridor I and 25 kmph on Corridor II. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 21 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2.7.6 Frequency of Operation The frequency of trips will be maintained high, with a minimum headway of five minutes between 7 am and 9 pm and before 7 am and after 9 pm headway can be slowly increased.. 2.7.7 Fleet Size As per estimates, Naya Raipur will be provided with an operational fleet of 63 buses in Phase I by the BRT project. 2.7.8 Feeder Services Naya Raipur BRTS will act as a Direct Service System. The Feeder services will be provided by mini-buses running in mixed traffic conditions with other private vehicles. A small fleet of mini buses is suggested for the internal transit as feeder services from the adjoining villages to the main terminals within Naya Raipur. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 22 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter-III REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 3.1 Environmental Clearance Several environmental standards specified by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and other ministries may be applicable to the proposed project of Naya Raipur roads. Project and project area will be under the purview of water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 via Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) i.e. State Pollution Control Board established for Chhattisgarh to implement and enforce the national standards for effluents, water quality, ambient air quality and ambient noise level. Further, the project will be under the purview of the guidelines of CECB formulated for municipal waste generation as Municipal waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998. A detail list of applicable legislations is given in Table 3.1 and sitting criteria for developmental projects specified by MoEF is given in Table 3.2 Table 3.1: A list of applicable legislations Applicable GOI Year Objectives Applicability Policies & Regulations Environmental 1986 To protect and improve overall Environment in (protection) Act environment general Environmental Impact 2002 Requirement of Environmental Direct Assessment (EIA) Impact Assessment notification: 1994 Air (prevention and 1974 To control air pollution by Air pollution control of pollution) Act controlling emission and air pollutants according to prescribed standards Water (Prevention and 1974 To control water pollution by Water pollution Control of Pollution) Act controlling emission & water and Cess Act of 1977 pollutants as per the prescribed standards Forest Conservation Act 1980 Regulation of Forest Land and Forests EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 23 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Applicable GOI Year Objectives Applicability Policies & Regulations Tree felling The Wildlife (protection) 1972 Protection of wildlife Wildlife Act The Land Acquisition 1894 & Set out rule for acquisition of Land Acquisition Act 1989 land by Government Noise Pollution 2001 Noise pollution regulation and Control of noise (Regulation and controls pollution Control) rules 2000 EIA notification 2006 2006 For impact assessment of Environmental infrastructural project clearance International International environmental Global environmental Environmental issues such as emission of issues regulation in which India green house gases is a signatory Table 3.2: Sitting Criteria Delineated by MOEF I. As far as possible prime agricultural land/forest land may not be converted into an industrial site II. Land acquired should be minimum but sufficient to provide for a green belt wherein the treated wastewater, if possible/suitable, could be utilized from wastewater treatment systems III. Enough space may be provided for storing solid wastes. The space and the waste can be made available for possible reuse in future IV. Layout and form of the project must conform to the landscape of the area without unduly affecting the scenic features of that place V. Associated township of the project if any to be created must provide for space for phyto- graphic barrier between the project and the township and should take into account predominant wind direction VI. Coastal Areas: at least 1/2 km from the high tide line (within 0.5 km of High Tide Line (HTL), specified activities as per CRZ notification, 1991 are permitted)(The HTL is to be delineated by the authorized agency only.) VII. Estuaries: At least 200 meters from the estuary boundaries VIII. Flood Plains of the Riverine systems: at least 500 meters from flood plain or modified floodplain or by flood control systems IX. Transport/Communication System: at least 500 meters from highway and railway X. Major Settlements (3,00,000 population) at least 25 km from the projected growth boundary of the settlement EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 24 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The proposed project is located in the rural area near Raipur where no reserved forest or ecologically sensitive water bodies exists. The road alignment selected is not expected to pass through environmentally sensitive locations. In Phase I the 70 km. of roads are constructed and environment clearance has already been taken along with the clearance for development of Naya Raipur a new city, under the category B of EIA notification 2006 of MoEF. 3.2 ROAD POLICY OF CHHATTISGARH The important objectives of the State Road Policy of Chhattisgarh: • Ensure good road connectivity in rural areas with particular emphasis on access to districts and block headquarters, healthcare centres, educational institutions, agricultural markets, tourism locations and cultural heritage sites. • Promote two north-south and four east-west high speed corridors to develop Chhattisgarh into a regional logistics and transhipment hub. • Facilitate social and economic development by strengthening the road network around industrial areas and growth centres. • Improve connectivity between industrial / cluster areas. Convert all national highways into two lane roads and convert three of the busiest national highways. Four broad strategies were laid down to meet the above-mentioned objectives: • Integrated road development and management • Private sector participation • Dedicated funding • Capacity building of State institutions 3.3 STATE ENVIRONMENT POLICY Given the need to balance the benefits of development with the need to maintain and improve the environment, the State has prepared its Environmental Policy that is aimed at: EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 25 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ♦ Ensuring sustainable development with an emphasis on social and intergenerational equity ♦ Enhancing environmental performance as a means of competitive advantage for the State ♦ Improving the quality of life of citizens 3.4 STRATEGIES The State’s Environmental Policy has been developed within the basic framework of economic and social priorities with the objective of ensuring environmental conservation without impeding any development imperatives. The Government of Chhattisgarh has decided on three broad strategies: 3.4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE PLANNING The government will focus on sustainable management of essential ecological processes and life support systems. This would ensure sustainable and rational utilisation, conservation and integrated environmental management, within all areas viz. land, air, water, forests, biodiversity, minerals, industry, agriculture, as well as urban planning and transport. 3.4.2 COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE AND MARKET BASED MECHANISM Through collaborative efforts, impact of actions of developmental projects on all affected biophysical and social elements would be considered. As the implementation of the Environmental Policy is the responsibility of various Departments, the requirements of the environmental policy would be integrated with the policies of Water Resources, Forest, Road, Transport, Housing, Industry & Mining departments. Measures will be undertaken wherever reasonable and practical, and with due regard to public interest, to ensure that the costs of environmental degradation are borne by the person(s) responsible for the degradation. 3.4.3 POSITIVE INTERVENTION THROUGH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Public awareness and participative decision making is essential for effective, long- term environmental protection and equitable utilisation of natural resources. The commitment and participation of people to this process and to matters of EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 26 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY environment that directly and indirectly concern them would hold the key to sustained prevention of environmental pollution and degradation. 3.5 STATE FOREST POLICY The State of Chhattisgarh has about 44 percent of its geographical area under forests and is the catchment area to at least four main river systems, i.e. Mahanadi, Godavari, Narmada and Ganga. Major rivers of the state are Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Sheonath, Arpa and Ibb. Tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry deciduous are the 2 categories of forests in this State. The State Forest Policy has the following basic objectives from the environmental point of view. ♦ Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and, where necessary, restoration of ecological balance; ♦ Preventing denudation of forests and soil erosion in the river catchment areas and reservoirs in order to bring about soil and water conservation; ♦ Increasing the forest cover in forest deficient districts through afforestation and agro-forestry/farm forestry programmes 3.5.1 FOREST Forest resources are of vital importance in maintaining the ecosystem and also influencing the climatic pattern of the region. Forest promotes biological diversity and better habitat for several species. But the area in question does not have any legal forest cover. 3.6 REGULATION FOR THE VILLAGE SETTLEMENT AREAS 1. These areas to be considered as residential use zone, all residential and incidental public and semi public facilities and utilities shall permit therein. Public and semi public facilities to be allowed within 0.5 km of the settlement. 2. In case of Central Village, a rural centre could be developed to provide middle level facilities such as education, health, recreation facilities and other facilities to serve a population in the surrounding 8-10 villages. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 27 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 3. Similarly in case of Rural Growth Centre a rural centre could be developed in for higher education, health, commercial and recreation facilities to serve the growth centre and the adjoining village. (Population up to 35,000) Source: Draft NCR Plan 3.7 REGULATION FOR THE AGRICULTURE AND OTHER AREA OUTSIDE THE RURAL SETTLEMENT The area includes mainly the vast agricultural land, forests. This zone agricultural land is being threatened by the spotted industrial/urban encroachments especially along the National Highways. The cheap cost of land in the rural areas, have accelerated the development along the roadsides. The following major landuse to be designated in the rural lands. 1. Intensive agriculture and allied activities with the focus on horticulture and cash crops 2. Social forestry/ afforestation especially on the barren lands 3. Dairy and poultry farming including milk chilling station and pasteurisation plant 4. Regional recreational facilities such as regional parks, wild life sanctuary. Recreational / tourist facilities not more than 4.5 m heights FAR not exceeding 5 percent of the plot area 5. Cemeteries, schools, institutions, like hospitals may be permitted. However, the proposed development should not involve the use of high yielding agricultural land nor should it adversely affect a site of special scenic beauty or ecological interest. 6. Existing village mandis and agriculture markets 7. Rural industries which are non-polluting in nature with focus on agro-based industries. 8. Bus shelters 9. Quarrying as per the environmental guidelines and approved site 10. Sanitary landfill, compost processing plant and other such activity sites with adequate protected belt as prescribed in the CPHEEO Manual of the Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation and the notifications issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests from time to time. 11. Fuel filing stations, service stations and repair workshops EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 28 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 12. Power plant / sub-station / water works / treatment plants and other utility services Source: Draft NCR Plan 3.8 GENERAL REGULATION 1) Construction along road right of way (r/w) The right of ways (R/Ws) is for different types of roads are as follows; 1. Expressway 100 m R/W 2. National Highways 100 m R/W 3. State Highways 60 m R/W 4. District Roads 45 m R/W 5. Rural Roads as per the norms applied by the Competent Authority 2) Construction of building not to encroach upon an area set upon for means of access. A. The highway corridor zone will be notified as controlled area / development area. B. No building shall be constructed which in any way encroaches upon or diminishes the area set apart as means of access required under this regulation. C. No Construction other than highways amenities like petrol pump and bus stand shall be permitted on both sides of National Highways and State Highways on both sides up to a depth of 100m. 3) Trunk Services A. Processed water, Power, Sewerage treatment plant and solid waste management may be established. Environmental clearance from the competent authority is required especially in the arrangements for disposal of solid and liquid wastes. B. Solid waste and development of landfill site should be according to the provisions of MSW 2000 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 29 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 4) Water Bodies All the water bodies should be protected and conserved. It can be taken up for development of recreational facilities. It should not be filled to develop any kind of building. A. These shall not be filled and also be protected from discharge of wastewater B. Mahanadi River shall be protected providing buffer of green belt of 500 m. These should be acquired as part of the development schemes and afforested under the control of the forest department. 5) Parks, Parking, Circulation and utilities Parks, parking and circulation, and utilities are permitted in the village settlement areas while agriculture and other area are outside the rural settlements. 6) Natural Conservation Zone and Regional Recreation Zone Recreation as an amenity has to meet certain competing types of demand such as the one from the urban population of the Region using countryside as an amenity; from a wide urban population coming to the agricultural community and also from the balanced physical development of the Region itself. The landuse policy on recreational area will meet the demand in the following way: A. In the Natural Conservation Zone the following activities are permitted: i) Agriculture and horticulture ii) Pisiculture iii) Social Forestry / plantation including afforestation iv) Regional recreational activities with no construction exceeding 0.5 percent of the area with the permission of the competent authority B. Areas of general level amenity as regional park in the proximity of the big urban centres, C. River fronts `as recreational areas’ by developing them and making them more accessible for such use, D. Historical monuments as Tourist attractions EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 30 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY E. Parks in rural areas noted for their landscape and scenic beauty which could be used as picnic spots, and F. National park in the vicinity of the Region Source: Draft NCR Plan 7) Forests and Green Buffers A. Forests (reserved, protected and open forests) to be avoided to bring under different uses. B. Afforestation measures to be implemented on barren lands C. Green buffers to be created along all roads, rivers, industrial units and mining areas. 3.9 NRDA Policy on Environment and Conservation of water body Any new development has some or the other impact on the environment. Naya Raipur will grow with time and the increasing population will create pressure on the natural resources. Conservation of natural resources in the settlement is of utmost importance to make it sustainable. Therefore the concept of environmental management is incorporated in the planning process from the very beginning. In brief following policy decision have been incorporated in the Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. 3.9.1 Green Belt A 500-meter wide belt all along the city has been marked as green belt. This shall remain in agricultural use. In due course of time, the resources permitting, the area could be afforested. 3.9.2 Surface Water Naya Raipur is dotted with a large number of water bodies. The total area under natural water bodies is 233.71 Ha. As a part of the conservation policy, the major water bodies and other environmentally sensitive areas in the city shall be conserved. Following points should be taken care of: ƒ A minimum buffer of 20 meters on either side of the canals and streams and 50 m around the water bodies shall be a no development zone in order to prevent pollution and conserve the natural water shed of the water body. ƒ 100 meters area all along the Mahanadi canal shall be reserved as green without allowing any development or construction activity. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 31 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ƒ No untreated water should be let out in the water bodies. 3.9.3 Ground water The depth of ground water table varies from 5 to 12.5 m bgl in the area. Following measures should be taken to maintain the quality and quantity of ground water. ƒ Construction of wells, bore wells, tube wells, etc. should be restricted with permission from the concerned agency. ƒ Water harvesting to be practiced on a large scale to maintain the level of ground water. ƒ Effluent should be properly treated before letting the same on vacant land to avoid seepage and contamination. 3.9.4 Sewerage Sewage would be treated to the standards as prescribed by the Central/State Water Pollution Control Boards. Efforts would be made for re-use of water for irrigation. 3.9.5 Drainage ƒ Roadside drains to be provided and the same to be managed in clean condition. ƒ The water from these drains should be recycled and reused. ƒ The major natural drainage channels not to be disturbed. 3.9.6 Solid Waste An effective solid waste management system is necessary for maintaining the health and hygiene within a city. The important points to be considered are as under ƒ Waste segregation should be practiced at household and community level. ƒ Dustbins should be provided at appropriate locations. ƒ Regular collection should be done by the competent authority ƒ The site for waste disposal should be properly and scientifically selected so that no contaminants percolate into the ground water, river or lake. ƒ Hazardous waste and bio-medical waste should be disposed off separately. ƒ Waste disposal areas should be planned down-wind of villages and townships. ƒ The pattern of filling disposal site should be planned to create better landscape and be approved by appropriate agency and the appropriately pre-treated solid wastes should be disposed according to the approved EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 32 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY plan. ƒ Intensive programs of tree plantation on disposal areas should be undertaken. 3.9.7 Air Pollution The setting up of Naya Raipur in the rural settings of the Raipur district is bound to have an impact on the air quality during the implementation phase as well as in the post implementation phase of the project. The construction activity results in a high concentration of SPM in the air. The vehicular emission in a city results in the concentration of NOx, CO, SO2, HC. The environmental policy of the city aims towards maintaining the air quality at the lowest possible levels through following steps: ƒ Minimizing the vehicular traffic through the introduction of integrated multi- modal transport system. ƒ Green buffers to attenuate the pollution effects. ƒ Mass transit system has been proposed for the new city in order to reduce the vehicular emissions to a large extent. ƒ The city wide pedestrian paths that have been incorporated in the design would also help discourage the use of vehicles over short distances. ƒ Controlling fuel quality (including switching to cleaner fuels and improving the quality of fuels to reduce emissions). 3.9.8 Noise The major sources of noise are - ƒ Road traffic; ƒ Aircraft; ƒ Industry To reduce the noise level, the arterial roads are designed to have 2 to 3 rows of plantation and also there could be additional rows of plantation as part of the development. 3.9.9 Energy Conservation The physical planning policy aims at achieving a sustainable growth through energy conservation and optimum utilization of the natural energy resources. ƒ Energy conservation shall be encouraged through community and site planning, design, and the use of energy-efficient materials and landscaping. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 33 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY When development applications are reviewed, consideration shall be given to energy conservation measures such as the solar orientation of buildings, use of landscaping and building materials. ƒ Energy conservation and efficiency shall be encouraged in all facilities owned and operated by the City. ƒ Renewable sources of energy shall be promoted to reduce pressure from the conventional sources of power. ƒ Solar energy to meet some of its energy requirements. Electrically run vehicles could be introduced within the sectors. The road signals could run through solar energy. 3.9.10 Environmental Policy and Legal Issues Project and project area will be under the purview of water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (projection) Act 1986 via Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board (CECB) i.e. State Pollution Control Board established for Chattisgarh to implement and enforce the national standards for effluents, water quality, ambient air quality and ambient noise level. Further, the project will be under the purview of the guidelines of CECB formulated for municipal waste generation as Municipal waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1999; Hospital Waste Generation as Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998. Source: Naya Raipur Development Plan – 2031 3.10 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE This project comes under the preview of Notification issued by MoEF on September 14, 2006. In this notification, projects are categorized as A category and B category based on the type of industry/development, pollution load and size of the project. The A category projects are appraised at the Central level whereas the category B projects are appraised at the State level. State level environment impact assessment authority, Chhattisgarh had given environment clearance stating that these road developments are neither National Highways nor State Highway. The roads designed and included in the master plan are treated as a part and parcel of Satellite Town – Naya Raipur. Hence this project is covered in serial no: ‘8(b) Townships and Area Development Project’ of EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 34 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA Notification, 2006. BRT system is being planned on the same area and does not differ with the road planning given in the Development Plan – 2031 for Naya Raipur. Henceforth separate Environment Clearance is not required. The Environmental Clearance for Naya Raipur is attached as Annexure – I. 3.11 APPLICABLE POLICIES AND NORMS The environmental and social safeguards policies shall be applied to all projects to be taken up under GEF-SUTP. Adoption of this framework shall ensure that the projects meet the national and state level environmental and social safeguards and are also consistent with the applicable safeguards policies and provisions of the World Bank. 3.11.1 Application of the Environmental Social Management Framework Projects triggering significant environmental / social impacts, i.e. projects with potential to trigger impacts on environmental sensitive areas, or large scale resettlement activities are not envisaged under GEF-SUTP. However, in the event of such projects, being critical to the GEF priorities, the projects shall be included after undertaking the necessary environmental and social assessments, as mandated by the GoI / state governments and conforming to the safeguard policies of the World Bank. National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 and the Land Acquisition Act 1894 (as amended in 1984) are the applicable legislations at the centre and these would be applicable for all components of the project. While at the state level, respective state governments have formulated a resettlement policy for various multilaterally funded projects being undertaken in the states and these would be applicable. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 35 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 3.11.2 REHABILITATION POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CHHATTISGARH Naya Raipur Development Authority (NRDA) has prepared a Rehabilitation Scheme based on the Rehabilitation Policy of the Government of Chhattisgarh, wherein it is emphasized in the Rehabilitation Plan1 that agricultural land for development is purchased from farmers by mutual consent and that the Land Acquisition Act will not be used as far as possible. The rates worked out for compensation are: 1. Land- a. Rs 11 Lakh per hectare for irrigated land b. Rs. 10.00 Lakh per hectare for un-irrigated land. 2. Additional Compensation – Rs 1 Lakh per hectare for irrigated and un- irrigated land 3. Compensation in lieu of special rehabilitation benefits- Rs. 2.75 Lakh per hectare. 4. Families, which need to be relocated, would be provided new houses in a residential colony developed by NRDA within 5Kms distance from their existing homes. Special benefits are also provided to the project affected landless labourers. 5. The provision of houses will be done as per the type of house presently owned by the affected families. The above rate are again revised with the consultation of PAPs and above breakups from 1 to 3 is merged. It is divided in to 2 types of rates for purchasing as under; a. Irrigated Land: Rs. 25 lakh/ha. b. Un-irrigated Land: Rs. 23.75 lakh/ha. 3.11.3 NRDA Policy on Environment and Conservation of water body The policy as stated in 3.9 above is a part and parcel of Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. The development plan is approved by the Government of Chhattisgarh wide gazette notification no. 1504/2382/32/07 dated 24-7-2008 published on Chhattisgarh Gazette dated 8-8-2008. This is applicable on all 1 NRDA Rehabilitation Plan for Naya Raipur Project EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 36 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY activities being carried for and in the development of Naya Raipur, within the provisions of Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. Chapter-IV ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 4.1 WITHOUT PROJECT Most of the public movement in the city of existing Raipur is through two wheelers, auto rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and private mini buses. Due to the mixed traffic there are traffic congestions on all the major arterial and sub arterial roads. Lack of organized parking spaces further aggravates the situation, resulting in delays and pollution of the environment. The yearly number of vehicles registered in Raipur was approximately 0.2 lakh in FY02 and has increased two fold to approximately 0.5 lakh in FY06. Two-wheelers constitute more than 81% of total vehicular population resulting rapid increase in the number of vehicles registered. The total number of registered vehicles in Raipur was approximately 4 lakh as of 2006. The annual growth rate of vehicle registration observed is about 12 %. The breakdown of number of vehicles registered in each year from 2006 to 2010 is set out in the table below Table 4.1: Vehicular growth in Raipur in last 5 years Passenger Rickshaw) 3 Wheeler 2 Wheeler Trucks H Mini Bus Wheeler Vehicle LGV 3- Goods (Auto Total Year LGV Bus Car 2005-06 3190 35901 535 11 665 2855 3996 289 47442 2006-07 3804 40889 750 18 559 3429 6192 337 55978 2007-08 4909 43589 727 33 710 4944 5027 403 60342 2008-09 5558 57292 578 115 600 3750 5307 327 73527 2009-10 6793 54857 667 137 562 2839 5528 236 71619 TOTAL 24254 232528 3257 314 3096 17817 26050 1592 308908 Source: Office of the Regional Transport Officer, Raipur EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 37 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 4.1.1 Bus Transportation System Public transport system occupies less road space, causes less pollution and offer economical travel costs. Prior to 2009, there was no organized public transportation system present in Raipur. In consideration of these facts, an initiative was taken by the District Administration, Raipur Municipal Corporation (RMC) and Raipur Development Authority to form and register under the Indian Companies Act, 1956; a Special Purpose Company namely “Raipur City Bus Limited (RCBL)� for the purpose of providing City Bus Service. Currently, the RCBL is operating 36 city buses in 9 routes, on Public Private Partnership frame work in which the operators are responsible for procuring Buses, operation and maintenance. Exclusive rights have been awarded to the operators on the given routes. The operator collects the revenue and shares it with RCBL. The details of the routes in Raipur are given below. Table 4.2: Details on public bus transport system in Raipur Route No. of Sl No. Particulars No. buses 1 1 Railway Station to Banjaridham 5 2 2 Tatibandh to Banjaridham 9 3 3 Ghadi Chowk to Sezbahar 4 4 4 Shastri Chowk to Vidhan Sabha 2 5 5 Ghadi Chowk to Mandir Hasaud 2 6 6 Ghadi Chowk to Shailendra Nagar, Pachpedi 2 Naka 7 7 Ghadi Chowk to Telibandha, Amlidih 2 8 8 Amleshwar to Ghadi Chowk via Purani Basti, 4 Shyam Takies 9 9 Railway Station to Airport via Mana Basti 6 Total 36 Source: Raipur City Bus Limited Without BRT system the same above existing system will be extended to Naya Raipur. In the absence of the proposed BRT project, both the cities (Raipur & EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 38 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Naya Raipur) will also find it difficult to have good transportation. This will also lead to Increased air pollution, due to slow moving traffic and congestion & Noise levels will rise. Traffic congestion, pollution, lengthy travel time, behavioral aspects of the transport personnel will persists. 4.2 WITH PROJECT Bus Rapid Transit Systems have important benefits in terms of travel time savings, increased ridership, land development impacts, and improved safety. Travel time reductions resulting from the introduction of BRT services may exceed 40%. Bus Rapid Transit Systems have achieved important benefits in terms of travel time savings, increased ridership, land development impacts, and improved safety. Travel time reduction resulting from the introduction of BRT services may go up to 40%. The travel time savings associated with buses operating on their own rights-of-way will also achieve operating costs and safety and environmentally benefits. It will reduce fatalities, drop in pollutants & less fuel consumption per capita for transportation. It is a green field project hence the BRT system is being easily amalgamated with the Land Use Planning Policies. This act increases chances of success in all respects. The commercial activity will be getting a good boost due to proposed BRT roads and will give rise to employment potential for people in and around these places. Therefore, the ‘project with’ scenario, with its minor impacts is more acceptable than the “without� project scenario, which would mean slow down development. Hence, implementation of the project will be a definite advantage in order to achieve all-round development of its economy and progress for its people. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 39 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 4.3 PROJECT COMPONENT ALTERNATIVES In this project, project alternatives in terms of location, option are very limited, as the BRT project is coming on the existing road network, which is already constructed. 4.3.1 Route/corridor alternative The alternatives have been worked out identifying possible routes covering the traffic generation nodes given in the table above from Raipur and leading to the capitol complex in Naya Raipur. The alternatives considered are described below : Table 4.3: Route/corridor alternative Alternative Origin Destination Via Total Route Length 1 Raipur Capitol Complex, Old Secretariat, Telibandha, 24.7 Railway Naya Raipur Agriculture University, Seri Station Khedi Interchange, 2 Kabir Nagar Capitol Complex, Hirapur Chowk, Tatibandh 37.6 Naya Raipur Chowk, DD Nagar, Mahadev Ghat Chowk, Santoshi Nagar Chowk, Pachpedi Naka, Dumartarai. 3 Kabir Nagar Capitol Complex, Hirapur Chowk, Tatibandh 37.1 Naya Raipur Chowk,Railway Station, Old Secretariat, Telibandha, Agriculture University, Seri Khedi Interchange, 4 Kabir Nagar Capitol Complex, Hirapur Chowk, Tatibandh 37.1 Naya Raipur Chowk,, University, NIT, Pachpedi Naka, Dumartarai, 5 Kabir Nagar Capitol Complex, Railway Station, Existing 31.6 Naya Raipur Secretariat, Teibandha, Agriculture University, Seri Khedi Interchange, Each alternative is discussed below: a. Alternative 1 The route connects Raipur Railway Station to Capitol Complex in Naya Raipur through NH-53 covering Raipur Railway Station; Inter State Bus Station, Existing Secretariat, Telibandha intersection which are important traffic generation nodes. Route Characteristics are as follows: EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 40 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY a Origin: Railway Station Chowk, Raipur b Destination: Capitol Complex, Naya Raipur c Via: Existing Secretariat, Telibandha, Sherikhedi interchange. d Route Length 24.7 km Sections of Route Length Raipur City limit: 9.4 km N.H Limit 2.4 km NRDA Limit 12.9 km Total 24.7 km Map: Alternative Route I i. Advantages : 1. It provides connectivity to the intercity passengers to Naya Raipur, as many of the government employees as well as visitors from all over the state will be visiting the capitol complex. 2. This route serves the CBD area of Naya Raipur. 3. Institutional areas in the east Raipur are also served. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 41 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 4. The road way has sufficient width, controlled road crossings so that the desired level of service can be maintained at this route. ii. Disadvantages : 1. Demand nodes for government employees, like Kabir Nagar, Tatibandh housing colony, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Nagar, Santoshi Nagar, Pachpedi Naka and Kashiram nagar are not covered. 2. Demand nodes for the visitors coming from all over from the southern part of the state (Dumartarai and Pachpedi Naka) are not served. b. Alternative 2 The route connects Kabir Nagar in Raipur to Capitol Complex in Naya Raipur through NH-30.The route covers government employees residential areas such as Kabir Nagar, Hirapur Tatibandh, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Nagar, Mahadeo Ghat area, Santoshi Nagar, Kashiram Nagar etc. and visitors coming from Durg, Bhilai (Tatibandh) and Southern part of state (pachpedi Naka and Dumar Tarai). Route Characteristics are as follows: a Origin: Kabir Nagar, Raipur b Destination Capitol Complex, Naya Raipur c Via: Tatibandh Chowk, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Nagar, Santoshi Nagar, Pachpedi Naka. d Route Length 37.6 km Sections of Route Length Raipur City limit: 20.1 km N.H Limit 8.7 km NRDA Limit 8.7 km Total 37.5 km EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 42 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Map : Alternative Route 2 The route has the following advantages and disadvantages i. Advantages It provides direct connectivity to the residential zones of the government employees like Kabir Nagar, Tatibandh Housing Colony, Deen dayal Upadhyay Nagar, Santoshi Nagar and Pachpedi Naka. 1. This alternative also provides connectivity to the employees commuting from other cities at Tatibandh Chowk. 2. The route has Comparatively less congestion as it runs through the Ring Road and NH-53. ii. Disadvantages 1. The intercity passenger demand is not served in this route as it does not connect to the railway station and it does not cover Inter State Bus Station. 2. It does not cover existing Secretariat demand where most of employees residing within city from are expected to use the BRTS buses. c. Alternative 3 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 43 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY This alternative route serves the Kabir nagar area as well as Raipur railway station and connects Naya Raipur through the inner city Road of Raipur and NH-53. The Route Characteristics are as follow: a Origin Kabir Nagar, Raipur b Destination Capitol Complex, Naya Raipur c Via Tatibandh, NIT Raipur, Railway Station, existing Secretariat, Telibandha, Seri Khedi Interchange. d Route Length 37.1 km Sections of Route Length Raipur City limit 21.7 km N.H Limit 2.4 km NRDA Limit 12.9 km Total 37.0 km Map : Alternative Route 3 i. Advantages 1. It covers employees residential zone at Kabir nagar Tatibandh, Some portion of Deen Dayal Nagar, residential areas of inner city, 2. It covers existing secretariat and intercity traffic at Tatibandh and Raipur railway station. ii. Disadvantages EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 44 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 1. The major disadvantage is that the level of service may reduce due to heavy demand at Kabir nagar and at railway station. The already occupied buses may get overloaded to crush capacity due to substantial amount of passengers boarding at Railway Station. 2. The route is characterised by highly heterogeneous traffic which will reduce the bus speed and cause further congestion. d. Alternative 4 The route connects Kabir nagar area with the Capitol complex in Naya Raipur through NH-53 . Route Characteristics are as follow: a Origin Kabir Nagar, Raipur b Destination Capitol Complex, Naya Raipur c Via Tatibandh, NIT Raipur, Sadar Bazar, Pachpedi naka, Dumratarai, d Route Length 37.1 km Sections of Route Length Raipur City limit 19.7 km N.H Limit 8.7 km NRDA Limit 8.7 km Total 37.1 km EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 45 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Map : Alternative Route 4 The comparative advantages and disadvantages of this route are discussed below – i. Advantages 1. The alternative serves the employees residential zone, institutional zones i.e., NIT Raipur and, University in Raipur 2. It covers inner city area. ii. Disadvantages 1. It does not cover major residential areas within Raipur such as Deen Dayal Upadhyay Nagar, Santoshi Nagar, Kanshiram Nagar. 2. The route passes through congested commercial areas 3. The route is characterised by mixed traffic e. Alternative 5 This alternative connects Kabir nagar area with the Capitol complex in Naya Raipur through NH-53 . Route Characteristics are as follow: a Origin Kabir Nagar, Raipur b Destination Capitol Complex, Naya Raipur c Via Railway Station, Telibandha, Near Agriculture University, Seri Khedi Interchange d Route Length 31.6 km Sections of Route Length Raipur City limit 16.3 km N.H Limit 2.4 km NRDA Limit 12.9 km Total EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 46 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Map : Alternative Route 5 The advantage and disadvantage of the route are given below i. Advantages Major traffic generation like Kabir Nagar, existing Secretariat, Railway Station are served by a single route. ii. Disadvantages Existing ROW has varying width and is dominated by mixed traffic which may cause delay and congestions from Kabir Nagar to Railway Station. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 47 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 4.3.2 SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE BRT CORRIDOR: The various options worked out are shown in the following map: The purpose is to select route (s) which provides efficient connectivity by serving the demand between Raipur and Naya Raipur along with demand within the Naya Raipur which will arise in the subsequent years. However any single route is not able to cover all of demand nodes. In view of this, Out of the 5 options discussed, 2 Corridors have been selected based on their comparative advantages and disadvantages to serve the demand providing connectivity between Raipur and Naya Raipur with equity as well as to make the system sustainable. The selected Corridors are as follows: A. Corridor I: The corridor can serve the regional level traffic by having its origin at railway station and Interstate Bus Station providing the connectivity to the daily commuters from the neighbouring cities. The reason for selecting this corridor above the others is that it is the only corridor which can be used to serve the demand of intercity passengers while maintaining the level of service. The selection of a complementary corridor takes care of the disadvantages off this corridor. The corridor length is 24.7 km (rounded of to 25 km). EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 48 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY B. Corridor II: The second corridor selected is having the route length of 37.6 km (rounded off to 38 km) and covers the residential zones, majorly those in which the government employees reside. The corridor passes through the ring road, covers almost half periphery of the Raipur city. The disadvantages of this corridor are reduced by the selection of corridor I along with this corridor. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 49 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY C. Corridor III: The Corridor III is selected keeping in view the future demand within Naya Raipur. Development of the residential zones in Naya Raipur will raise the demand in near future. This route serves the North-South the mobility covering the major points in Naya Raipur. The Route Characteristics are as follow: a Origin Within Naya Raipur b Destination Within Naya Raipur c Via Sports complex, Theme park, Community open spaces Residential zones, capitol complex, Botanical Park, University. d Route Length 17.8 km EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 50 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Map : BRT Route in Naya Raipur DISCRIPTION OF SELECTED CORRIDOR The selected corridors are shown in the map below: EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 51 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY A. Origin Destination: The Origin and Destination of the selected corridors are shown below: Table 4-4: Origin and Destination of the selected corridors Bus Route Corridor Origin Via Destination Linking Length (km) (in Raipur) (in Naya Roads Raipur) Corridor I 25 km Railway Old Secretariat, Capitol NH-53- Station Telibandha, Seri Complex Expressway Khedi interchange Corridor III 17.8 -- -- Within Naya Road No. 2 Raipur 4.3.3 BUS DEPOT AND NIGHT PARKING FACILITIES A. Bus Depot The depots generally have servicing and maintenance-workshop facilities, fuelling and night parking facilities. Three possible locations for the bus depot have been analyzed and rated as given below - iv. Site (1): Near SIRD approach road junction at NH-30 v. Site (2): Amanaka depot at Raipur vi. Site (3): Near junction of Road no 1 & Road no 3 in Naya Raipur The rating of the three sites mentioned above based on comparative advantages and disadvantages are described in the table below. Scoring of alternative sites for different parameters Parameters Site (1) Site (2) Site (3) Land availability Low Low High Land Procurement Low Low High Facilitation for management High Low High Suitability in terms of Medium Low High congestion and habitation Suitability in terms of dead Low High Medium haulage Site No. 3 seems to be more suitable for development of the bus depot. A land area of about 37 Ha has been earmarked near the intersection of the Express way (Road no. 1) and Road No. 3 in Naya Raipur for development of a Bus Depot in EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 52 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY the Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. However, for the present need, Bus Depot for 71 buses is proposed to be developed in a part of the land, in an area of 37270 sq m. The land is owned by NRDA. It is a tabled land having gentle slope. Sufficient land is available for future expansion. The site plan is given below: Figure: 4.1 Proposed Site for Bus Depot at Naya Raipur (Source : M/s Arya Architects) The depot will be beneficial for night halt once population shifts to Naya Raipur, however initially it will be used for maintenance and repair workshop. In the initial phases since the buses will start from Raipur and night parking will be provided in Raipur itself. This depot should be sufficient for both corridors for the present plan, it may further be enlarged when the demand grown in future. The depot, besides bus parking facilities shall provide bus washing facilities, minor repairing shed, refueling facilities, workers facilities such as waiting and resting areas, cleaning and changing rooms, lockers, dining facilities and Administration area for the Bus operator. NRDA shall construct the Bus depot and equip it with EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 53 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY maintenance facilities. It will be handed over to the selected Private bus operator for operation and maintenance during the concession period. B. Night Parking Facilities in Raipur In order to reduce dead haulage, existing Amanaka bus depot, presently being used for Raipur City buses shall be used for night parking of buses of Corridor II. The parking space, in front of gate no. 4 of the existing Secretariat Building in Raipur, shall be used for night parking of buses of Corridor I. 4.4 CONTROL CENTRE Basic application of Intelligent Transport System shall be used to achieve operational and managerial efficiency. Components of ITS shall include a GPS and GPRS/GSM Based Fleet Monitoring System, RFID for Flap Doors Passenger Information System at pick up points, Bus Shelters and on Buses and on web portal. A centralized Control Center at Bus Depot in Naya Raipur shall be established. A system integrator to operate and maintain the control center shall be selected through competitive bidding process. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 54 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter-V BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS To characterize existing baseline environmental and socio-economic conditions including establishing prevailing conditions primary monitoring, undertaking surveys, collection of secondary information from various published sources are adopted. This included the physical environment, biological environment and socio-economic environment. • Understanding the assessment of environmental characteristics of the project area • Assessing existing environmental attributes, as well as the environmental impact of future development; • Identification of environmental c and developing mitigation measures. 5.1 METHODOLOGY OF CONDUCTING BASELINE STUDY Components of physical environment like water, ecology, soil, air, socio-economic and noise quality in the surrounding areas were assessed primarily through field studies, and by undertaking monitoring and analysis of samples collected from the field. The potential impacts/mitigation measures for the attributes – Air, Noise, Water (surface & ground), Soil, Trees, Urban Ecosystems & Landscapes, Social Issues & Urban Infrastructure, Religious & Cultural Structures and Solid/Liquid Waste affecting the BRT route are discussed in detail in Chapter 5 & 6. With interdisciplinary team discussions and professional judgment, the scoping and extent of data generation was formulated. The study area for undertaking baseline studies is taken as 10 km on either side of the road alignment. Information about geology, hydrology, prevailing natural hazards like earthquakes, etc. is collected from literature reviews and authenticated information made available by government departments. Extensive surveys were carried out to understand and record the biological environment prevailing in the area and the EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 55 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY same was verified against published information and literature. The socioeconomic environment is studied through extensive consultations with various stakeholders with a strong focus on neighboring villages. 5.2 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA Naya Raipur is located near the centre of large fertile plains of Chhattisgarh region and is situated between 21012’6.108�N, 81052’37.141�E to 21013’56.718�N, 81046’31.296�E and 21003’13.481�N, 81048’59.611�E to 21006’57.204�N, 81041’39.609�E. The proposed Naya Raipur City is situated in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and occupies the South-Eastern part of upper Mahanadi basin. Raipur district is bounded on the North by Bilaspur & Janjgir Champa districts, on the South by Koraput district of Orissa state, on the East by Mahasamund, Raigarh and Orissa; and by Durg, Dhamtari, Kabirdham and Kanker on the West. Kharun River in the West forms the Western boundary of the district and Seonath & Mahanadi mark the Northern boundary with Bilaspur and Janjgir Champa districts. 5.3 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY Primary data was collected for the summer season to understand the air quality of the region and to assess the impact on air environment. Air quality sampling was carried out at six locations in the study area, namely Dumar Tarai village, Serikheri village, Capital Complex, Nawagaon village, Palaud village and Uparwara village. Raipur falls in the sub-tropical climatic region. The climate of the area is moderate and tropical, characterized by a hot summer from March to mid June, a humid monsoon or rainy season stretching from mid June to September, a short pleasant post-monsoon during October and November, and a cool winter spanning between December and February. Climatologically there are four seasons i.e. summer (pre- monsoon), monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. A) Meteorological Data Table 5 shows climatological summary for Raipur. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 56 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5.1 : CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR RAIPUR (2009) Mean Mean Max. Mean Min. Total Relative Wind Month Temperature Temperature Rainfall Humidity Speed (°C) (°C) (mm) (m/s) January 35.0 14.4 52.4 0.0 0.6 February 37.8 15.4 38.3 0.0 0.8 March 40.0 19.6 32.4 0.0 0.8 April 44.0 21.0 25.1 2.1 1.0 May 45.8 24.6 31.3 4.9 1.7 June 43.8 23.8 45.0 25.8 2.7 July 33.6 24.0 81.6 571.8 3.1 August 34.6 23.4 79.8 246.4 1.9 September 36.2 24.0 75.6 66.4 1.3 October 34.0 16.0 67.7 20.1 0.6 November 33.6 12.8 68.4 10.5 0.8 December 30.4 12.4 62.9 0.3 0.3 Average/ 37.4 19.3 55.0 948.3 1.3 Total Source: IMD Pune B) Long Term Climate Trends Long-term climate trend data was obtained for Raipur station from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The region is characterized by dry and warm climate. Summers are very hot which commences from March to mid-June. Winter witnesses cold waves between the months of October and February. Monsoon starts mid June and lasts till the end of September. The mean monthly average maximum and minimum temperature in winter i.e. in the month of January is about 27 and 13 °C respectively. Whereas, mean monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures in summer i.e. in the month of May are about 42 and 28 °C respectively. The relative humidity during South-West monsoon season is over 75 % but sometimes it goes to 100 %. During winter season, air is fairly dry. Rain is predominant during July and August. On an average, there are 61 rainy days in a year. The Raipur District receives 87.1 % of the total rainfall from the South-West monsoon during June to September. The winter–rainfall accounts for 9 % of the total rainfall. During the monsoon season, the maximum rainfall occurs during the months of July and August. Over the course of a year, wind usually blows in all directions, with varying frequencies. On an average, over the course of a year, the prevailing winds are from the North and Northeast direction. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 57 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The long-term climate trend of secondary data collected for the IMD station located in Raipur over a period of 1951-1980; as well as the decadal trend of secondary data collected from IMD Pune (1993-2002) is provided in Annexure – II. Wind rose summarizes a considerable amount of wind frequency information into a single graphic and is shown in Figure (annual for 2009). FIGURE 5.1 : WIND ROSE RAIPUR (ANNUAL FOR 2009) Development of BRT system in Naya Raipur DATA PERIOD 1st Jan 2009 31st Dec 2009 00.00-24.00 AVG WIND SPEED 1.28 m/s CALM WINDS FREQUENCY 40.15% DISPLAY WIND DIRECTION (Blowing From) SENES CONSULTANTS INDIA PVT. LTD. The annual wind rose diagram (IMD Raipur-42875) reveals that wind was blowing predominantly from the Northeast direction. The onsite average wind speed was observed 1.28 m s-1 with frequency of calm winds 40.15% during the monitoring period. The annual predominant wind direction is north easterly. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 58 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES 5.4.1 Air Site–specific Background Air Quality Monitoring A site specific background air quality monitoring program was conducted for one season (pre monsoon season). Background data was collected for SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx and CO. The general guidelines for the site selection are provided in the footnote2 below. Six sampling stations were located in the study area to provide the surrounding baseline air quality. The details of monitoring locations are specified in Table 5-2 and Figure 5-2. TABLE 5.2 : MONITORING LOCATIONS Monitor Description Land Use AQ1 Dumar Tarai Village Residential AQ2 Serikheri Village Residential AQ3 Capital Complex Institutional AQ4 Nawagaon Village Residential AQ5 Palaud Village Residential AQ6 Uparwara Village Residential 2 General Guidelines for Site Selection Siting guidelines refer to the environs surrounding a measurement location, and these differ depending on the zone representation intended for a specific monitoring site. Large nearby buildings and trees extending above the height of the monitor may present barriers or deposition surfaces. Certain trees may also be sources of PM in form of detritus, pollen, or insect parts. These can be avoided by locating samplers by placing them more than 20m from nearby trees, and twice the difference in elevation difference from nearby major buildings or other obstacles. The background monitoring sites should be located at more than 10km from large population centres, and more than 100m from roads and wood burning. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 59 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5.2 : AIR MONITORING STATIONS EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 60 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY As per standard methodologies and accepted protocols, as detailed by the MoEF the background-monitoring program was carried out. Monitoring was conducted in pre-monsoon season of the year 2009. Monitoring results (observed levels and ranges) of SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx and CO are presented in the Table 5-3 to Table 5-8. TABLE 5.3 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ1 Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 126.4 114.6 102.8 200 RSPM 30.3 26.3 22.4 100 SO2 13.9 12.9 11.8 80 NOx 16.4 15.6 14.8 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 TABLE 5.4 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ2 Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 96.7 92.5 88.3 200 RSPM 21.4 19.9 18.4 100 SO2 11.8 10.8 9.8 80 NOx 16.9 15.2 13.6 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 TABLE 5.5 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ3 ` Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 166.4 151.5 136.6 200 RSPM 36.2 31.3 26.4 100 SO2 14.8 13.5 12.2 80 NOx 17.2 16.3 15.4 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 61 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5.6 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ4 Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 88.3 82.5 76.8 200 RSPM 20.3 19.5 18.8 100 SO2 11.6 11.0 10.4 80 NOx 14.4 14.0 13.6 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 TABLE 5.7 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ5 Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 102.4 96.0 89.6 200 RSPM 24.6 22.6 20.6 100 SO2 13.8 12.7 11.6 80 NOx 17.4 16.3 15.2 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 TABLE 5.8 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – AQ6 Units: μg/m3 Monitoring results Parameter Maximu NAAQS Average Minimum m SPM 114.4 102.5 90.6 200 RSPM 25.4 22.9 20.3 100 SO2 13.2 12.4 11.6 80 NOx 16.9 16.1 15.3 80 CO < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2000 With respect to pollutants, the results of the monitoring program indicate the following: • The observed SPM and RSPM levels are within the NAAQS at all locations. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 62 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY • NOX and SO2 concentrations are well within the specified standards at all the monitored locations. • CO concentration is also within the specified standards at all the monitored locations. 5.4.2 Noise Environment Ambient Noise Quality Site-Specific Background Noise Quality Monitoring Noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations within the study area .The background-monitoring program was done in accordance with the requirements of an EIA study. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were automatically recorded to give the noise level for every hour continuously for 24 hours in a day. Accordingly one full day (i.e. 24 hourly values) of data was collected at each of the eight locations. These monitoring locations are set out below. TABLE 5.9 : AMBIENT NOISE MONITORING STATIONS Monitor Description Category N1 Dumar Tarai Residential N2 Serikheri Residential N3 Capital Complex Commercial N4 Nawagaon Village Residential N5 Palaud Residential N6 Uparwara Residential N7 Mana Residential National Highway Commercial N8 43 Table 4-10 provides equivalent noise levels viz., Leqday and Leqnight, at the noise monitoring locations, alongside noise standards as prescribed by the CPCB. Leq was calculated using the following equation: ⎛ n Li ⎞ Leq,T = 10 log⎜1 / n∑10 ⎟ ⎜ 10 ⎟ � i =1 ⎠ Where Li = levels observed at n equally spaced times during interval T. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 63 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5-1 : MONITORING PROGRAM RESULTS – NOISE Day Time3 Night Time4 Location Limit Limit Leq (dB (A)) Leq (dB (A)) Leq (dB (A)) Leq (dB (A)) Serikheri 43.3 55 39.0 45 Capital Complex 56.1 65 49.1 55 Navagaon 44.0 55 38.6 45 Village Dumar tarai 46.8 55 41.1 45 Palaud 44.8 55 38.8 45 Uparwara 44.4 55 39.1 45 Mana 46.9 55 40.6 45 NH-30 54.9 65 45.6 55 2 Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. 3 Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m The results of the monitoring program indicate that both daytime and nighttime levels of noise are within AAQSRN limits at all the 8 locations surveyed. 5.4.3 Water Environment 5.4.3.1 Baseline Water Quality & Sampling Locations To establish baseline water quality in the project area water sampling and analysis was conducted, following standard guidelines for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, though they are not getting affected due to project. Five ground water and surface water samples were evaluated in the study area. Table 5-11 & Table 5-12 give details of the ground water and surface water sampling stations. The sampling locations are also depicted in Figure . Noise Standards: Area Limits in dB (A) Leq* Category of Area/Zone Code Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 64 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5.11 : GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS Station Description No. GW - 1 Rakhi GW - 2 Navagaon GW - 3 DumarTarai GW - 4 Uparwara GW - 5 Palaud TABLE 5.12 : SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS Station Description No. SW - 1 Rakhi SW - 2 Navagaon SW - 3 DumarTarai SW- 4 Uparwara SW-5 Palaud Table 5-13 shows the physicochemical characteristics of composite ground water sampling in the selected areas as compared with the standard (IS 10500: Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values. Table 5-14 shows the physicochemical characteristics of surface water samples as compared to CPCB Standards for Class “C� water i.e. water to be used for drinking after conventional treatment followed by disinfections. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 65 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5.3: WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 66 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5.13 : GROUND WATER TEST RESULTS AS PER IS: 10500 Desirable Permissib S. Paramete Unit Limits as le Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 N r s per IS: as per IS: 10500 10500 1 pH - 7.34 7.48 7.22 7.52 7.66 6.5 – 8.5 NR 2 Color Haze 04 03 04 03 04 <5 <25 n 3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable - 4 Odor - Unobjectiona Unobjectiona Unobjectiona Unobjectiona Unobjectiona Unobjectiona - ble ble ble ble ble ble 5 Conductiv µs/c 542 566 1160 488 328 -- -- ity m 6 Turbidity NTU 1.60 1.30 2.30 1.30 1.20 <5 <10 (NTU) 7 Total mg/L 336 358 738 306 206 <500 <2000 Dissolve solids 8 Total mg/L 216 208 320 184 104 <300 <600 Hardness as CaCO3 9 Total mg/L 200 220 360 180 120 <200 <600 Alkalinity 10 Calcium mg/L 64 64 96 57 26 <75 <200 as Ca EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 67 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Desirable Permissib S. Paramete Unit Limits as le Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 N r s per IS: as per IS: 10500 10500 11 Magnesiu mg/L 13 12 19 10 09 <30 <100 m as Mg 12 Residual mg/L Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil <0.2 - Chlorine 13 Boron mg/L 0.20 0.30 0.60 0.50 0.40 <1.0 <5 14 Chloride mg/L 21 25 106 18 21 <250 <1000 as Cl 15 Sulphate mg/L 27 18 47 28 09 <200 <400 as SO4 16 Fluorides mg/L 0.80 0.50 1.70 0.50 0.40 <1.0 <1.5 as F- 17 Nitrates mg/L 06 05 14 06 03 <45 <100 as NO3 18 Sodium mg/L 23 32 115 24 25 -- -- as Na 19 Potassiu mg/L 02 03 06 02 02 -- -- m as K 20 Phenolic mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.002 Compoun ds 21 Cyanides mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.05 NR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 68 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Desirable Permissib S. Paramete Unit Limits as le Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 N r s per IS: as per IS: 10500 10500 22 Anionic mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.2 <1.0 Detergent s 23 Mineral mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.01 <0.03 Oil 24 Cadmium mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.01 NR as Cd 25 Arsenic mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.01 NR as As 26 Copper as mg/L 0.052 0.048 0.059 0.040 0.050 <0.05 <1.5 Cu 27 Lead as mg/L 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 <0.05 NR Pb 28 Mangane mg/L 0.10 0.12 0.22 0.18 0.15 <0.1 <0.3 se as Mn 29 Iron as Fe mg/L 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.26 0.24 <0.3 <1.0 30 Chromium mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.05 NR as Cr6+ 31 Zinc as mg/L 3 2 4 3 2 <5 <15 Zn 32 Aluminum mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.03 <0.2 as Al EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 69 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Desirable Permissib S. Paramete Unit Limits as le Limits GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 N r s per IS: as per IS: 10500 10500 33 Mercury mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.001 NR as Hg 34 Pesticides mg/L Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent <0.001 35 E-coli MPN Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent -- / 100 ml ND = Not Detectable NR= No Relaxation EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 70 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5.14 : SURFACE WATER QUALITY WITHIN STUDY AREA IS:2296 S.N Parameter Units SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 standards 1 pH - 6.88 7.28 6.98 6.99 6.92 6.5 – 8.5 2 Color Hazen 07 09 08 10 09 300 units 3 Conductivity μs/cm 469 486 1596 836 848 -- 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.10 5.30 4.80 5.30 5.10 > 4.0 5 BOD ( 3 days at mg/L 06 08 12 10 08 < 3.0 27oC) 6 Total Dissolved mg/L 296 308 988 524 536 <1500 Solids 7 Total Hardness mg/L 120 128 520 128 124 -- 8 Chloride as Cl mg/L 35 21 255 85 128 <600 - 9 Fluorides as F mg/L 0.50 0.50 1.90 1.30 1.40 <1.5 -- 10 Sulphate as SO4 mg/L 16 36 105 139 72 <400 11 Alkalinity mg/L 160 160 300 140 160 -- 12 Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 04 06 18 11 05 -- 13 Cyanides as CN mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 14 Calcium as Ca mg/L 29 35 85 32 29 -- 15 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 12 11 18 11 13 -- 16 Sodium as Na mg/L 51 48 167 129 133 -- 17 Potassium as K mg/L 02 03 06 06 06 -- 18 Iron as Fe mg/L 2.1 3.5 4.5 1.8 1.9 <50 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 71 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY IS:2296 S.N Parameter Units SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 standards 19 Chromium as Cr mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 20 Cadmium as Cd mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.01 21 Lead as Pb mg/L 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.06 <0.1 22 Copper as Cu mg/L 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.50 0.40 <1.5 23 Arsenic as As mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.2 24 Selenium as Se mg/L ND ND ND ND ND <0.05 25 Phenolics as mg/L Nil 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.004 <0.005 C6H5OH 26 Zinc as Zn mg/L 06 08 10 06 08 <15 27 Mercury as Hg mg/L ND ND ND ND ND -- 28 Aluminum as Al mg/L 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 -- 29 Anionic detergents mg/L 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 <1.0 as MBAS 30 Oil and grease mg/L 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 <0.1 32 Insecticides mg/L Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent ND = Not Detectable EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 72 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Various parameters of ground water and surface waters were tested and the results found are discussed hereunder: Ground water: At Rakhi village all the parameters are under the desirable limits as per IS:10500, at Navagaon village manganese and Total Alkalinity is found a bit higher than desirable limits as per IS:10500 but it is less than the permissible limits prescribed by IS:10500. Water sample at Dumartarai were found a bit higher in Manganese, TDS, total hardness as CaCO3, Total Alkalinity, Calcium and Fluorides but still these are under the permissible limits prescribed by IS:10500. Uparwara and Palaud were found a bit higher in Manganese yet under the permissible limits prescribed. Surface water: All the parameters tested at all the five sites, namely Rakhi, Navagaon, Dumartarai, Uparwara and Palaud were found under the permissible standards prescribed by IS: 2296 except for Biochemical Oxygen Demand which was higher at all the five sites, this may be attributed to the Organic substances present in waters though these were also under the standards prescribed by CPCB for disposal of waters into surface water bodies as per the relevant acts. 5.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 5.5.1 Seismo-Tectonic Appraisal of the Area Chhattisgarh has very low rates of seismic activity. In recent years, tremors from earthquakes in neighboring states are felt, most notably in 1969. Minor seismic activity was recorded in the vicinity of Chiraikund and Muirpur along the border with Madhya Pradesh. A few faults which form the eastern section of the Narmada-Son Fault Zone have shown movement during the Holocene epoch. Another active fault is the Tatapani Fault which trends in an East-West direction in the vicinity of Mainpur in Sarguja district. In the south, the active Godavari fault forms the Northern flank of the Godavari Graben and runs through the southern part of the state. The project site is located in the central India which is a seismically low region, as depicted in the figure below. Raipur falls under zone II category of seismic zone (i.e. having low seismic intensity) and therefore has a low risk of potential damage due to earthquake. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 73 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5.4: SEISMIC MAP OF AREA EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 74 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5.6 Soil Soil sampling was done to establish the baseline characteristics and to assess the anticipated impacts due to proposed project. Soil samples are collected using auger from a depth of 60 cm. Detail about the types of soil in Chhattisgarh state is given in Annexure – IV. TABLE 5.15 : SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS S.N Station Description o No. 1 S-1 Capital Complex 2 S-2 Navagaon A quantitative assessment of the particle size distribution in the soil was made by wet sieve analysis and sedimentation analysis using hydrometer, as per procedures laid down in IS: 2720 Part IV. The particle sizes5 were designated according to the scale given in IS: 1498. The three major type of soil are – (a) sands, which have at least 70% sand and less than 15 % clay (b) clay, which have more than 40 % clay content (c) loam, which is a mixture of sand silt and clay. The soil test results are tabulated below in Table 4-16Table 5. TABLE 5.16: SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA S. Parameter S1 S2 N 1 Texture Clay Clay a Sand (%) 18 14 5 Particle size scale (IS: 1498) Soil Type Texture Particle Size Coarse 20 – 80 mm Gravel Fine 4.75 – 20 mm Coarse 2.0 – 4.75 mm Sand Medium 0.425 – 2.0 mm Fine 0.075 – 0.425 mm Silt & Clay - Less than 0.075 mm EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 75 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S. Parameter S1 S2 N b Silt (%) 34 28 c Clay (%) 48 58 2 pH 7.50 7.24 3 EC (us/cm) 224 212 4 Bulk Density (g/cc) 1.12 1.08 5 SAR 1.30 1.22 6 Available Nitrogen (kg/ha) 198 166 7 Available P as PO4 (kg/ha) 36 28 8 Available K (kg/ha) 148 180 9 Exchangeable Ca 2.60 2.90 (meq/100g) 10 Exchangeable Mg 1.20 1.40 (meq/100g) 11 Exchangeable Na 3.40 2.90 (meq/100g) 12 Organic Carbon (%) 0.80 1.10 13 Manganese (meq/100g) 0.10 0.18 14 Zinc (meq/100g) 5.10 5.50 15 Boron (meq/100g) 0.20 0.28 Clayey soils are found in the area with bulk density of two samples as 1.08 and 1.12 g/cc respectively. Soil of the area is neutral to slightly alkaline with pH ranging from 7.2 to 7.5. Most crops grow best if the soil pH range is 6.0 to 7.5. Soluble salts expressed in terms of electrical conductivity of saturation extract of the different soil (ECe) samples are 224 and 212 μmhos/cm respectively. The Organic carbon percentages of the two samples are found to be 0.80 and 1.10 respectively. The analysis of the sample shows that SAR of the two soil samples studied is 1.30 and 1.22 milliequivalent /Kg respectively. 5.7 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The ecological survey is done to establish the baseline ecological conditions within study area to assess the potential ecological impacts of the proposed project on ecology, to develop adequate and feasible mitigation measures (via inputs to project design and layout, working practices, or compensate where appropriate) to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits, and to prepare comprehensive management plan. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 76 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The proposed capitol complex and BRT construction is located in plain rural areas, where the agricultural ecosystem predominate in the regional ecological structure. The aquatic biodiversity is very less in the region. The project is a linear green field project and does not passes through any sensitive Ecological Environment. Most of the area passes through barren and agricultural land. Trees falling in the corridor are actual counted and marked, recorded by the Forest Department and other ecological parameters are occulariliy adjudged being insignificant in the area of interest. 5.7.1 Forest Area and Terrestrial Ecology There is no legal forest area involved in the area of interest of the BRTS Project. The forest area is at about 40 km. aerial distance from the project site. The trees in plantation done by the private person and naturally growing trees on the bunds of agricultural fields falls in the project area. These are actually counted by the Forest Department and Recorded in the Marking Book. Only 478 trees are found and recorded in BRTS corridor. Identification of flora falling within the indirect impact i.e. within 10 km. radius, was conducted based on sample plot method along the proposed BRTS corridor, villages, and open field (agricultural field and waste land) in the study area. There is uniformity in patterns of distribution and growth. Majority of the species reported are common type, with growth along bunds, waste land and very less in agricultural field. Extensive growths of aquatic weeds are noticed where water logging or moisture are present. The overall biodiversity in study area is low due to barren land, similarity in species distribution and poor growth. Floral Profile along Existing National Highway The floral profile of the existing highway witness growth of weeds like Aristida purpurea, Erianthus munja and Lantana camara. These weeds had permanently replaced grasses covering lower strata. Dried twigs of Paranthenium hysterophorus, Heteropogon contortus, Datura stramonium, Chenchrus cilitaris etc. are also noticed in agricultural waste land or uncultivated land adjacent to National Highway. Among trees recorded, higher frequency of Albizzia Lebback, Euclyptus sp., Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia catechu, Azadirachta indica, Bamboo EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 77 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (Dendrocalamus strictus), (Bambuaa aroumdinacea), wild dates (Phoenix sylvestris) etc. are noticed. Agricultural Field Trees within agricultural field bunds and in small patches up to 0.1 hector in area are considered as farm forest. Majority of species reported in farm forest are naturally grown and few are planted. The planted species recorded in farm forest are Sagwan (Tectona grandis), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Ambla (Emblica officinalis), Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale), Mango (Mangifera indica), The naturally growing species are Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Bargad(Ficus bengalensis), Bair (Zizypus maurutiana), Babul (Acacia nilotica), Wild Photo dates (Phoenix sylvestris), 5-1 : Trees on Agricultural Field Bunds along Road No. 2 Prosopis sp., Bail (Aegle marmelose), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Jharber (Zizyphus numularia), Gamhar (Gmelina arborea) etc Weeds recorded in the agricultural field bunds are Calotropis (Calotropis procera), Lantana (Lantana camara), Bahia (Ipomea carnea), Cenchrus ciliaris, Saceharim spontaneum, Saccharum munja, Aristida depressa, Heteropogon contortus, Parthenium hysterophorous, etc Village Plantation Natural and planted trees on community or private land are considered as Village Woodlot. During the 70s and 80s decades, government land and private lands are brought under the USAID project and Social Forestry project. Under these projects, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), Ambla (Emblica officinalis) are planted. Mango (Mangifera indica), Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), (Bambuaa aroumdinacea), EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 78 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Banyan tree (Ficus bengalensis), Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), Teak (Tectona grandis), Mahua (Madhua indica) bamboo sp, Jamun (Syzygium cumini), etc are either naturally grown or planted a few. Road Side Plantation Based on sample plot Photo 5-2 : Village plantation along Road No. 4 methods trees, shrubs, bushes and weeds are recorded along the proposed BRTS corridor. Among trees Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Nilgri (Eucalyptus globulus), Wild dates (Phoenix sylvestris), Babul (Acacia nilotica), Prospic sp. Bail (Aegle marmelose), (Terminalia Balerica), Mahua (Madhuca Indica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Kamhar (Gmelia arborea), Imali (Tamarindus indica), Jharber (Zizyphus numularia), Bair (Ziziphus Mauritiana), Burgad (Ficus bengalensis) etc. are recorded along the proposed site. Undergrowth plant like shrubs, herbs and grasses are noticed in scattered manner. The undergrowth species recorded along the proposed BRTs corridor are mostly weeds and bushes. Weeds recorded along the road sides are Calotropis (Calotropis procera), Lantana (Lantana camara), Cenchrus ciliaris, Saceharim spontaneum, Saccharum munja, Aristida depressa, Heteropogon contortus, Parthenium hysterophorous, etc. Where soil is moist or along the edge of ponds growth of Bahia (Ipomea carnea) was noticed. Quadrant sampling method (Plot Sample) was used to calculate floral type and their distribution along the proposed BRTs Corridor. Location of sample plot is shown in Figure 5-5 and Table 5-18 gives the list of species recorded, with their frequency, density and abundance of distribution along the proposed BRTs Corridor. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 79 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5.7.2 Aquatic Ecology Along the proposed BRTs corridor a few large and small ponds are reported in adjacent or within 100 m away. Natural drainage are crossing Road no. 2 but they are seasonal in natural. Flora recorded along the flows of natural stream and nalas are weeds, reeds and bushes of Bahia (Ipomea carnea). At some locations, scattered growth of wild dates (Phoenix sylvestris) is noticed. Photo 5-2 : Sendh Lake from Road No. 7 The nearest river reported is Kharum River, which is about 5 km away. All these streams finally drain into Kharum River. Lentic water bodies reported along the proposed BRTs corridor are man-made ponds. No natural pond is noticed in the study area. Man made ponds are mostly perennial and are rain fed. These ponds are main source of water for the villagers, for drinking, bathing, irrigation, feeding animals and other anthropogenic activities. Along the edge of these ponds growth of hydrophytes like Ipomea carnea, Marsilea villosa, Cenchrus cilitaris are noticed. Pisciculture practices are commonly noticed in these ponds. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 80 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5.5 : LOCATION OF QUADRANT SAMPLING POINT (SAMPLE PLOT) ALONG PROPOSED BRT CORRIDOR WITH THEIR PHOTOGRAPH EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 81 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5.8 Faunal Profile Mammals No wild mammals are sited in the proposed project site and study area. Domesticated mammals like buffalo, cow, goat etc are commonly noticed grazing in open field. Small mammals like field mouse (vermin), five stripped squirrels and wild mammals like Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), rabbits (Lepus nigricollis), Monkey (Macaca Mulata) Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) and Jackal (Canis aureus) are reported by the villagers. Table 5-18 gives list of animals reported during site visit. TABLE 5.17 : LIST OF WILD ANIMALS REPORTED IN STUDY AREA S.No Local Name Scientific Name RED LIST (IUCN) 1 Hyaena Hyaena hyena Near Threatened- 2009 2 Rabbit Lepus nigricollis Least Concern - 2010 3 Monkey Macaca Mulata Least Concern -2009 4 Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern -2010 5 Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus Least Concern - 2009 6 Jackal Canis aureus Least Concern - 2010 (Source: Villagers & Forest department) Avifauna Sampling of avifauna was carried out between the hours 6:30 to 8: 00 A.M. This survey was based on a “Walk/Drive Though� survey. A point count sampling method was adopted to list the bird species seen or heard. Only listing of species is done. The Area lack rich diversity of avifauna. During the time of survey common birds like Common crow, Pigeon, Pariah kite, Jungle babbler, Ring dove, Spotted dove, Indian parakeet, Indian roller, Drango, White breasted king fisher, Common myna, Pond heron, Sparrow, Coot, etc are recorded. TABLE 5.18 : LIST OF COMMON AVIFAUNA RECORDED DURING SURVEY S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Source Wildlife Schedule 1. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sited IV 2. Athene brama Spotted Owlet Villagers IV 3. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Sited IV EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 82 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Source Wildlife Schedule 4. Corvus splendens House Crow Sited V 5. Cuculus canorus Cuckoo Villagers IV 6. Cutornix cutornix Quail Villagers IV 7. Dicrurous adsimilis Drango Sited IV 8. Milvus migrans Pariah Kite Sited IV 9. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sited IV 10. Psittacula krameri Roseringed Parakeet Sited IV 11. Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul Villagers IV 12. Turdoides caudata Common Babbler Sited IV 13. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sited IV 14. Halcyon smyrensis white throated Villagers IV kingfisher 15. Ceryle rudis Pied kingfisher Villagers IV 16. Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Sited IV 17. Fulica atra Coot Sited IV (Source: recorded during site visit and interaction with villagers) Amphibians Amphibians are recorded in ponds along the proposed project site and nearby settlements. The commonly reported amphibians are Bull frog, Indian skipper frog and Indian cricket frog. Only species are identified on ocular basis. Reptiles During survey no reptilian species are noticed. The villagers mention the presence Agama (Agama tuberculata), lizard (Calotes sp.) and skink (Scincilla sp.) in field, bushes along the road site and waste land. Among Snakes Dhaman (Ptyas mucosa) are commonly encounter by the farmers. Poisons snakes like Cobra (Naja naja), Banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus), Russel viper (Vipera ruselii), are rarely encounter by the farmers in the field. Scorpions are commonly noticed by the villagers in the study area. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 83 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5-6: SHOWING LOTIC & LENTIC WATER BODIES ALONG THE PROPOSED CORRIDOR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 84 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5.9 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The areas of discussion in this chapter are demographic structure, economic activity, education, literacy profile, land use and infrastructure resources. The assessment attempts to predict and evaluate the anticipated impacts of project upon people, their physical, psychological health and wellbeing, their economic facilities, cultural heritage, lifestyle and their value system. 5.9.1 Socio Demographic Profile Population Raipur is the capital of Chhattisgarh State with a population of 30,16,930 as per census 2001. The Raipur city population is 6,70,042; the projected population at the decadal growth rate of 34.8% would house a population of 10.64 lakh in 2011 and 14.98 lakh in 20216. The demographic details of Raipur urban agglomeration is given in Table 5-20. TABLE 5.19 : POPULATION GROWTH OF RAIPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION Population in Year Growth Rate (%) Lakhs 1951 0.89 -- 1961 1.39 56.18 1971 2.06 48.2 1981 3.38 64.08 1991 4.61 36.39 2001 6.69 45.12 Source :Census of India The decadal growth rate of Raipur increased from 36.39% in 1981-1991 to 45.12% in 1991-2001. The decadal growth rate of the district at the same time was 30.14% and 18.97%. This means higher urban growth rate in comparison to the overall population growth. The sex ratio, and literacy rate of Raipur is given in Table 5-21. TABLE 5.20 : SEX RATIO AND LITERACY RATE OF RAIPUR URBAN AGGLOMERATION Area Sex Ratio Literacy Rate (%) Raipur District 980 68.5 6 CDP, Raipur EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 85 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Area Sex Ratio Literacy Rate (%) Raipur City 923 81.1 Source: Census of India 2001 The population composition of Raipur District is depicted in 16% 12% Schedule Caste Schedule Tribe 72% Figure 5 which clearly General shows the sizable percentage of SC and ST population. FIGURE 5.7 : POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES Work Participation The workforce participation rate of Raipur district is 41.9% and Raipur city is 32.4%, as per census 2001.The involvement in different sectors is given in Table 5-22. TABLE 5.21 WORK PARTICIPATION RATE Total Workforce Main Workers Marginal Area (%) (%) Workers (%) Raipur District 41.92 76.03 23.97 Raipur City 32.48 91.57 8.43 Census of India 2001 The employment pattern in the district is given in Figure 5 and Figure 5. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 86 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5.8 : MAIN WORKERS: ENGAGEMENT IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 100% 80% Other Workers 60% Household 40% 20% Agriculturist 0% Cultivators Raipur Raipur City Main Workers FIGURE 5.9: MARGINAL WORKERS : ENGAGEMENT IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 100% 80% 60% Other Workers 40% 20% Household 0% Agriculturist Raipur Raipur City Cultivators Marginal Workers The figures above signify the dependency of urban population on other categories of employment. This means that for sustainable growth, investment in the industrial sector and provision of necessary infrastructure is the need of the day. Population of Naya Raipur Naya Raipur will take functions from Raipur city; also it will attract population from other parts of Chhattisgarh and from other states of India. The population of Naya Raipur is planned as 150,000 in 2011 to 560,000 in 2031. (Source: Naya Raipur Development Plan- 2031) The population estimates for Naya Raipur are related to and dependent on the development of various economic activities and other socio-economic and physical conditions. 5.9.2 Social Profile A project development entails a host of social concerns, which need to be identified for sustainable growth in the area. To identify project related social concerns, a series of consultations were carried out with the villagers who will be affected by the proposed project. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 87 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The villages covered in this process were Rakhi, Palaud, Nawagaon, Uparwara, Mana, Dumar Tarai, and Serikheri. The baseline information of these villages is summarized in the section given below: Social Amenities The amenities in the villages include electricity, water supply, telephone and sewerage. Power supply in the villages is available but there are power cuts. Water is available through hand pumps and a large portion of the population uses this source of water for domestic use. Community ponds are also used by animals and for washing. Livestock Animal husbandry is a major economic activity of villagers, which includes poultry farming and livestock. The goats, sheep, cows, pigs and backyard poultry are the most valuable species of livestock to all groups of farmers as it fulfills their own daily needs as well as is a important source of income. Religious and Cultural Sites There are three small religious structures very close to the proposed corridor: 1. Sitalla mata temple located in Nawagaon village 2. Bhasurur temple in Nawagaon Village 3. Hanuman temple near Telebandha Junction. Photo 5-3 : Hanuman Temple Near Telibandha Junction Culture and Tradition The local language used is “Chhattisgarhi�. Traditional medical practitioners are more acceptable to the rural folk. Festivals celebrated in the area are Gouri-Goura, Surti, Hareli, Pola and Teeja, which are celebrated in the month of 'Shravan'. The villagers follow a traditional life style. Photo 5-4 : National Highway near Pachipadanaka Junction EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 88 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter-VI PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS Public consultations with women commuter, students, employees of Agricultural University, general commuter of Raipur city, conductors, driver and bus owner and government employee were carried out during 14th to 16th April 2010. are given as Annexure – V. 6.1 OBJECTIVE To know the opinion of stake holders, consultations were held to identify impacts of the project, their concerns and issues relating to the BRTS and developing grievance redressal mechanism. Grievance redressal mechanism is given environmental management plan. 6.1.1 APPROACH Efforts were made to include vulnerable sections in order to voice their concerns. The groups that were consulted on the services were women, students from university and colleges, residents of proposed transfer station, commuters in Raipur city and conductors, drivers and owners of auto rickshaws and buses both private and public (plying under contract with government on select routes). 6.2 METHODOLOGY The consultations were conducted based on a random method during the site visits undertaken. The locations were decided on the basis on the BRTS routes, category (different groups women, students from university and colleges, residents of proposed transfer station, commuters in Raipur city and conductors, drivers and owners of auto rickshaws and buses both private and public). Groups were formed on the basis of availability, willingness of participants and expected use or impact by BRTS service. During visits to specific sites to meet specific individuals prior arrangements were made for suitability of time and the location to ensure boarder/specific participant groups. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 89 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 6.3 CONSULTATIONS OUTCOME 6.3.1 Women commuters Women are comfortable with the bus service as some seats are reserved for them, so they do not face major problems and issues. They are of the opinion that BRT system should have more frequency of buses. Currently they find the services are limited and during specific times the frequency is very less. For long journey air conditioned buses should be introduced considering the weather conditions in Raipur as the commuters face hardship due to the extreme heat, making the journey both uncomfortable and difficult. Overall opinion of the women for the BRT system can be summarized as largely good. 6.3.2 Consultation with students from university, colleges and schools Students in the university and colleges are of the view that more BRTS bus services should be provided during the morning and evening hours. University Specials should be introduced. Students should be issued concessional monthly passes for the BRTS. Parents of school going children feel that the school administration will operate their own buses if required in the near future for Naya Raipur and so do not have much stake in the BRTS service. 6.3.3 Residents near Terminal at Agriculture Institute on NH-53 Most of the BRT buses on NH-53 will ply from the terminal which is planned to be developed on land owned by Indira Gandhi Agriculture University. Passengers from city buses will de-board at this point and then board buses plying under BRT system to Naya Raipur. The identified land has staff quarters. The discussion with residents of the identified location gives an idea that most of the residents are working in university either on daily wages or as class IV employees. They are of the view that wherever university administration will shift them they are ready for it. Discussion with University authorities reveals on the same line that after formal intimation for land requirement from NRDA they will plan for dismantling and resettlement of the occupants. 6.3.4 Residents near Pachpedinaka -Doomar Tarai Terminal on NH-30 The plot to be developed as terminal on NH-30 is vacant land with no settlements. There are not any surface features needed to be resettled. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 90 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 6.3.5 Commuters in Raipur city Discussions were held with commuters travelling on different routes of the BRTS. Fare charges based on the distance are more affordable. Contradictory to the flat rate decided arbitrarily by the Auto rickshaw drivers, this is much higher than the BRTS rate. The commuters on BRTS routes are of the view that the frequency of existing city bus service is not enough. Commuters are of the opinion that traffic congestion can be decreased by banning some type of vehicles especially rickshaws on particular roads. Some passengers feel that A/c bus service should be introduced and that bus service should run on schedule. 6.3.6 Consultation with conductors, drivers and owners of private buses in Raipur and Naya Raipur At present the bus services are limited only to the identified routes. The government has selected the operators through a process of tendering. It is expected by bus owners and employees that for the new routes, operators will be selected by the same procedure. Existing routes should not be given to new operators as this will result in a loss for the current operators and their employees. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 91 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter-VII ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This chapter identifies sources of pollution from proposed Bus–based Road Transit system and evaluation of various impacts on environmental attributes in the study area. BRTS Naya Raipur is a Greenfield project. Potential environmental impacts are impacts on land, water, air, noise and ecology. These impacts can be classified in to construction phase and operation phase. "Environmental Impact" can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project, secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed BRTS assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring. Impact on various environmental parameters can be categorized into two phases, namely: • The construction phase: Impact during this phase may be regarded as temporary or short term; and • The functional phase: Impact during this phase shall have long term effects. Various impacts during these two phases have been studied and are discussed in the subsequent sections. 7.1 POLLUTION SOURCES Pollutants generated in the proposed development of BRTS during both the construction and functional phases are solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. Also the generation of pollution could be continuous, periodic or accidental. Sources of pollutants and their characteristics during the construction and functional phase are given below in Table 7.1 Table 7.1: Pollutant Sources & Characteristics EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 92 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Activity Pollutant Pollutant Frequency Characteristics No / Area CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Site Air emissions – SPM, Dust from Temporary during Preparation construction activities construction phase only PM10, CO, NOx, SO2 and excavation. bulk of the emissions are expected from ground Particulates, NOx working and leveling and CO from vehicle activities. exhaust Earth Solid waste from Periodic. construction activity / and excavation. solid waste / excavation Noise Noise generated from Temporary during initial construction construction phase. equipment and machinery 2 Labour Sewage Waste generated Temporary – during the Camps from temporary initial construction phase labour camps on site Solid Waste Solid Waste Temporary – during the generated from initial construction phase temporary labour camps on site FUNCTIONAL PHASE 1. Vehicular Air emissions Vehicle exhaust Continuous / Periodic movement emissions Noise Vehicular movement Continuous/ Periodic Water Presence of Oil & Periodic Grease, SS during rainy season Oil Spillage 2 Bus Depot/ Exhaust Emission from Hydrocarbon and Temporary workshop tuning and testing of CO Near junction vehicles of Road No. 1 Solvent Emission & 3 Naya CO, HC and NOx Raipur Emission from DG Sets Storage of Hazardous Sustance like motor oil, degreaser, brake fluid, petrol, solvent coolant, waste oil EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 93 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Activity Pollutant Pollutant Frequency Characteristics No / Area Waste generated from oil trap 3. Night Parking in Raipur 4. Safety of Pedestrian crossings at Raod users bus shelters and bus stops at At NH 53 and R.N. 1 Junction At Junction R.N. 13 and R.N. 4, 200m ROW At Near Cricket Satadium, R.N. 2, At Junction of R.N.2 and 9B, and at R.N. 12 5 Pick up points – Raipur Railway station Existing Secretariat 7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS The potential impacts due to proposed project have been identified in the following table.. Table 7.2 : Identification of Impacts (Construction & Functional Phase) Sr. Environmental Aspect Potential Impact No Attributes CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1 Ambient Air Quality Dust emissions from site preparation Minor negative impact excavation, material handling & other within site premises. No construction activities at site. negative impact outside site premises. Short term 2 Noise Noise generated from construction Minor negative impact activities, operation of construction near noise generation equipment and their movement sources within site. No significant impact on ambient noise levels outside site. Short term 3 Water quality Surface runoff from project site Oil/fuel No significant negative & waste spills. Improper debris disposal impact. Short term Discharge of sewage from labour camp. 4 Land use Excavation Minor negative impact EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 94 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Environmental Aspect Potential Impact No Attributes 5 Topography & Geology Site development No significant impacts 6 Soils Construction and excavation activity Minor negative impacts leading to topsoil removal & erosion. 7 Ecology Flora & Fauna Habitat disturbance during construction Minor negative impacts activity Short term 8 Socio-economy Increased job opportunity for locals. Overall positive impact Economy related to material supply etc. expected to boom. 9 Traffic Pattern Vehicle movement and possibility of Minor negative impact traffic congestions on the road. FUNCTIONAL PHASE 1 Ambient Air Quality Particulate and gaseous emissions from Minor Negative impact increased vehicular movement alongside the route. No negative impacts beyond 200 m from the road 2 Noise Noise from vehicle movement Minor negative impact to the receptors alongside the roads especially at junctions and crossings. 3. Water Quality Oil/fuel & waste spills. Discharge of Minor negative impact contaminated storm water 4 Soils Fuel and material spills No negative impact 5. Ecology Flora & Fauna Land use change, cutting of trees Minor negative impact coming along the route 6. Social & Economic Resettlement and rehabilitation Minor Positive Impact Improvement in Public Transportation 7 Traffic Pattern Changes to Traffic, Parking and Access Positive Separate route for Public Buses These impacts are discussed phase wise in subsequent sections. 7.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 7.3.1 Construction Phase During this phase, dust is expected to be the main pollutant associated with site development, stockpiles and material handling. Pollution emission sources will be EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 95 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY distributed throughout construction site of work shop, bus depots, terminal stations, control centre, night parking area, pick point and bus shelters. This involves excavation, leveling etc and can cause dust generation. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the project boundaries. 7.3.1.1 Emission from construction machinery The emissions from construction machinery would contain particulates, SOx, NOX, CO. However, the quantity of these pollutants is expected to be extremely low due to low fuel requirement and use of cleaner fuel like diesel. It is expected that the machinery will consume merely 20 to 30 L of diesel. The resultant emissions, therefore, are not expected to affect ambient air quality. 7.3.2 Operation Phase During operation phase of project major pollutants expected from the vehicular movement and operation of workshop and maintenance area of the buses. The main pollutant will be SO2 ,NOx, particulate matter of PM10, PM2.5, Carbon Monooxide, Benzene etc from vehicular operation and operation work shop. The diesel generator of work shop are the source of pollutant. The location of the above pollutant will be at the following locations. • Workshop and depots • Parking area • Bus pick up point and terminal. 7.4 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT 7.4.1 Construction Phase During the construction phase of work shop, bus depots, terminal stations, control centre, night parking area, pick point and bus shelters, the movement of construction vehicles, excavation of foundation will generate noise. 7.4.2 Operation Phase The operation of buses of BRTS and maintenance of workshop will generate noise. The maintenance buses will be limited to the work shop and will not have impact outside the workshop. 7.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 96 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Construction Phase Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on hydrology and ground water quality of the area in case the construction chemicals leaches into ground. minor impact on the surface water is expected. Potential impacts on the hydrology and ground water quality have been discussed with respect to the following: • Soil runoff from the site leading to off-site contamination (particularly during the rainy season). • Improper disposal of construction debris leading to off-site contamination of water resources. • Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps. • Spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream generated from on- site activities such as vehicles washing, workshop etc. Construction & Development of site Development of the proposed site could lead to stockpiling and excavation activity on site, thereby causing erosion of base soil. The run off from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The impact of runoff may not be very significant except during rainy season. The impact also envisaged from the construction practices and the type of material used. Construction waste is likely to create significant impact. This type of waste would be stock piled and disposed off properly. Workshop The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be generated from vehicle washing. The impact can be mitigated to a great extent by installing oil and grease traps. Labour Camp During construction phase, sewage will be generated from labour colony. High levels of BOD, SS, Nitrogen and E. coli would characterize the same. Significant water quality impact will occur, if the sewage is disposed without any prior treatment. Temporary soak pits and septic tanks shall be constructed on the site during construction phase to mitigate the impact. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 97 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Operation Phase Contamination of surface & ground water may be possible due to accidental spillage of oil, grease and diesel from the vehicles during operation phase of project. Other emissions from work shop and maintenance are as follows. • Solvent Emission, • Waste oil, • Brake fluid, • Coolant, • Solvent, • Wash down waters from floor, • Detergents, • Degreaser, • Storm water from maintenance area. 7.6 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT Land Use & Aesthetics The proposed project will built on existing road and comes under NRDA limit. Land required for proposed project is in possession with NRDA. There is minor change in land use pattern of the area and the land use will remain viz-a-viz to Naya Raipur Development Plan 2031. Topography & Geology The proposed activity during the construction phase would involve excavation work and minor leveling of site. Overall geology or topography of the region is not expected to change due to the project. No additional stresses will be imposed by the project on these parameters and hence no significant impacts are expected. Soil Construction Phase Impact on soil owing to the project construction activity includes soil erosion, compaction, physical and chemical desegregations. Erosion of soil may occur due to EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 98 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY removal of vegetation and excavation activity. Site selected for the project has almost no vegetation; hence impact owing to removal of vegetation would be minimal, however construction and associated activities would expedite erosion if not managed properly. Other factors contributing to soil erosion is increased runoff and decrease in permeability of the soil. Since proposed site is fairly leveled, excavation is expected to be minimal. Use of heavy machinery and storage of materials results in compaction of the soil. Compaction of the soil as well as mixing of construction material with soil would also lead to reduced infiltration of water, decrease in permeability and increased runoff. Several environmental management measures will be implemented to minimize the soil erosion and other impacts such as removal and use of topsoil from construction activity for future plantation, etc. Impact on account of soil erosion is expected to be minimal. Operation Phase During the operation phase, carefully designed tree plantation and landscaped areas along sides of the roads will be maintained. No significant adverse impact is expected on the soils and areas around the site. The following management measures are proposed: • Storm water will be used to recharge the aquifer. • The area of work shop/bus depot will be sufficiently paved leading no leaching of any substances in case of spills Hence, no negative impact on soil quality is expected due to the project activities. 7.7 WASTE DISPOSAL Construction Phase During the construction phase, solid waste generated will include vegetation/biomass from land clearing activities, waste from the labour camp and construction waste. Construction activities would generate solid wastes that need to be disposed; these are sand, concrete, gravel, stone, bricks, plastic, paper, wood, metal, glass etc. Exact estimation of these construction wastes is not practicable. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 99 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Potential pollution problems during construction activities include dumping of construction debris into or near by low-lying areas. Proposed mitigation measures will suggest maximum reuse of construction waste on site or removal of waste from the site and proper disposal, which would reduce adverse the impact, if any, significantly. Operation Phase During operation phase the solid waste from workshop and maintenance area will be generated. Solid waste on bus terminals will also be generated from the passengers. This will be municipal solid waste. Waste Product Source How Disposed Liquids Waste Oil Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Brake Fluid Workshop – replace ment of Recycled brake oil Coolant Workshop – maintenance of Evaporation/Trade Waste/ ETP buses and equipments Solvents Workshop – cleaning area Recycled/ETP Wash Down Waters (floor) Floor and bush wash Trade Waste/ ETP Detergent Workshop – maintenance of Trade Waste/ETP buses and equipments Degreaser Workshop – maintenance of Trade Waste/ETP buses and equipments Solids Cardboard Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Plastic Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Glass Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Aluminium Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Lunchroom Waste Workshop – maintenance of Disposal buses and equipments Oil Filters Workshop – maintenance of Recycled (Metal) buses and equipments Steel Workshop – maintenance of Recycled (Metal) buses and equipments Fan Belts, Hoses etc Workshop – maintenance of Disposed EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 100 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Waste Product Source How Disposed buses and equipments Paper Workshop – maintenance of Recycled buses and equipments Rags Workshop – maintenance of Disposed buses and equipments Absorptive Material Workshop – maintenance of Bagged & Disposed buses and equipments Other Disposed 7.8 IMPACT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Impacts on trees Trees at Road Number 13 – This road 478 trees felling was done for the construction of Road No. 13 of BRTS with due permission from the competent authority which is Collector Raipur. The compensatory afforestation was also been completed against this felling. Site Development: During construction, the vegetation on the land will be destroyed, and the local ecosystem at micro level may get changed. In addition, the destruction and fragmentation effect of the construction may diminish the habitats for some of the animal species, so that there may not be enough roosting places any more for them to survive. The development of the proposed site may cause direct impacts and loss of habitats and their associated flora & fauna. Only 478 trees have been cut for the BRTS and do not have significant value as more than 3 lacs saplings have been planted which will support more forms of life than the flora, fauna at the construction site, capable of strengthening the existing micro and macro level eco-system of the area. Air, noise and visual disturbance may be observed during the site development. The surrounding project site area is devoid of any major flora and fauna hence negative impacts are not envisaged. Aquatic ecology During construction phase the project will be confined to the site boundaries only and no aquatic body is involves. Hence, impacts on aquatic ecology cannot be expected. Operation Phase EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 101 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Potential impacts of this phase on terrestrial ecology include long term air and noise pollution and disturbance generated by area lighting and traffic. However, as mentioned in earlier sections, the impact due to increased traffic is minimum. Also, the study area supports common species of fauna & flora. Hence, potential impacts from these sources are expected to be minimal and can be reduced considerably adopting adequate mitigation measures. 7.9 Safety Occupational Safety HOUSEKEEPING To provide a first line of difference against accident and injuries the working environment shall be cleared of all unnecessary waste. General Housekeeping shall be carried out by the contractor and ensured at all times at Work Site, Construction Depot, Batching Plant, Labour Camp, Stores, Offices and toilets/urinals. Full height fence, barriers, barricades etc. be erected around the site in order to prevent the surrounding area from excavated soil, rubbish etc, The barricade/fence especially those exposed to public shall be aesthetically maintained by regular cleaning and painting as directed by the Employer. These shall be maintained in one line and level. WORKING AT HEIGHT The places designed above ground level for performing specific task shall be protected by fence of at least 1.2 m. height and if temporary working is to be done from a high place then net below the working place shall be suitably placed to protect the working person from any personal injury. Slipping, Tripping, Cutting, Drowning and Falling Hazards a) All places should be free from dust, debris or similar materials. b) Sharp projections or any protruding nails or similar objects shall be suitably guarded or shall even be avoided to make the place safe to work. Contractor shall not allow workmen to work or use platforms, scaffolds/passageways or any walkways, which has water, or oil or similar substances spilt and has a slipping hazard, unless it is cleaned off or covered or sanded or saw dusted or make it safe with any suitable material. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 102 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY Construction machineries may include dumpers and dump trucks, lift trucks and telescopic handlers piling rigs, vibro hammers, rail welding equipments, mobile elevating work platforms, cranes, tipper lorries, lorry loaders, skip wagons, 360° excavators, 180° backhoe loaders, crawler tractors, scrapers, graders, loading shovels, trenchers, side booms, pavers, planers, chippers, road rollers, locomotives, tankers and bowsers, trailers, hydraulic and mechanical breakers etc. These machineries shall be operated by a trained licence holder skilled person. All safety precautions shall be taken as per the manual of the specific machinery. SITE ELECTRICITY The contractor shall employ qualified and competent electrical personnel ƒ The contractor shall assess the size and location of the electrical loads and the manner in which they vary with time during the currency of the contract. ƒ The contractor shall elaborate as to how the total supply is to be obtained / generated. The details of the source of electricity, earthing requirement, substation / panel boards, distribution system shall be prepared and necessary approval from Employer /competent authority shall be obtained before proceeding of the execution of the job. ƒ The Contractor shall take into consideration the requirements of the sub / petty contractors’ electric power supply and arrive at the capacity of main source of power supply from diesel generators. ƒ As the sub / petty contractors’ small capacity generators create more noise and safety hazard, no small capacity diesel generators shall be allowed for whatsoever the type of job to be executed under this contract. If any unsafe noise making small capacity diesel generators are found used by sub / petty contractors the main contractor shall only be penalised. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE The objective of traffic management is to ensure the safe and efficient movement of traffic near the construction site as well as to ensure the safety of workmen and the road users. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 103 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The construction of bus shelters and bus stop will have intervention in the traffic and may pose potential accident to the road users. This shall be mitigated by providing proper Traffic Management Plan as per the EMP. 7.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Job Opportunity The local people would also get the job opportunities closer to their places of stay. Expenditure incurred by those employed at the project will boost local economy. Jobs would be created for unskilled, semi-skilled as well as skilled labour category, for which local population would be given preference. Thus, the project is expected to contribute to the over all development of the area. Improvement of Infrastructure Facilities The development of project will also create the services like road and communication, thereby improving the life of local populace. Wider Economic Growth The proposed project will increase the economic activities around the area, creating avenues for direct/indirect employment in the post project period. There would be a wider economic impact in terms of generating opportunities for other business like transportation, marketing, repair and maintenance tasks, etc. Transportation During functional phase, the vehicular movement would mainly comprise passenger cars and buses, two wheelers, cycles and light commercial vehicles. The impact would be mitigated by the suggested measures like better upkeep of vehicles and maintaining good road network. Transient Labour Population Construction activity may lead to influx of construction labours. Though majority of work force would be recruited locally, labours with specific skills, may be from outside. However, such labours would be limited in number. The camp shall be provided with all basic amenities like water supply, public toilet etc. Therefore no significant pressure on local infrastructure is envisaged. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Issues EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 104 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY A separate Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan has been prepared by the NRDA and under this Resettlement & Rehabilitation of the affected person will be done. 7.11 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS A summary of likely impacts due to proposed project is depicted in Table 7.4. Table 7.3: Summary Matrix of Predicted Impacts Due to Proposed Project Sr. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ambient air -Dust emissions from Minor Negative Impacts are temporary site preparation, impact inside project during construction phase. quality excavation, material premises. No Impacts will be confined to handling and other negative impact short distances, as coarse construction activities outside premises of particles will settle within at Site. site. the short distance from activities. 2. Noise Noise generated from Minor negative Temporary impacts during construction activities and impact near noise construction phase. No operation of construction generation sources blasting or other high equipment. inside premises. intensity noise activities envisaged. Baseline noise No significant impact is within the standards. on ambient noise Contribution of noise will levels outside be confined in time and premises. space. 3. Water quality -Surface runoff from Minimal due to Impact will be temporary. project site effective mitigation Local labour will be measures. employed to reduce size of -Oil/fuel and waste labour camps. No spills. perennial surface water -Improper debris resource adjacent to site. disposal Labour colonies shall be provided potable water for -Discharge of sewage drinking and toilet facility. from labour camp 4 Land use & -Land development Permanent positive There will not be change in aesthetics impact local land use pattern. The proposed development has also planned for landscaping areas, lawns, and open spaces. This will enhance the visual appeal of the area. 5. Topography & -Existing site is fairly No Significant Region is flat and hence geology levelled Impacts no impacts on topography. No deposits of minerals on site leading to loss of EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 105 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No revenue. Development is planned as per IS standards for earthquake protection. 6. Soils -Construction activity Minor negative Site is fairly levelled and leading to topsoil removal impact will need minimum cutting and erosion. and filling. Also adequate mitigation measures will reduce the same. 7. Ecology, Flora & -Habitat disturbance Minor negative The site and adjacent fauna during construction impact areas do not have any activity significant flora and fauna diversity and density. No endangered species recorded in study area. Development is planned in notified industrial area. 8. Socioeconomics Economy related to Overall positive Ancillary developments in commercial real estate impact the service sector is development, material expected supply etc. expected to boom. 9. Traffic pattern Decongestion of Existing Minor negative Location specific. Raipur Traffic and Haul Impact movement and possibility of traffic congestion on NH 53 and NH30 at peak hours OPERATION PHASE 1. Ambient air quality -Particulate and gaseous Minor negative Limited along side the emissions from vehicle impact routes movement 2. Noise -Noise from vehicle Minor negative New generation vehicles movement impact will be plying on the roads, which generate less noise. 3. Water quality -Oil/fuel and waste spills. No significant No wastewater discharge adverse impact outside the premises to -Discharge of sewage. the nearby water source. -Discharge of contaminated storm water 4. Water availability No impact -- 5 Soils - Accidental Fuel and No negative impact Excavated topsoil from the material spills area will be preserved and reused for horticulture purpose. 6. Ecology, flora & -Land use change Minor negative -- EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 106 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No fauna impact 7. Socio-economy -Increased job Overall positive Socio-economic status of opportunity impact the region will be improved. -Better social infrastructure 8. Traffic pattern Improved roads without Positive Impact - any obstruction Chapter VIII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN It has been evaluated that the study area will not be adversely affected significantly and impacts are mainly exposed to be confined to the proposed corridors. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall Management Plan are elicited to improve the supportive capacity and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies. The Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the maximum possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner where all contractors and subcontractors, including consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions. EMP also ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the design and by taking appropriate mitigative actions to reduce adverse environmental impacts during its life cycle. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 107 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Developmental works along BRTS routes to a certain extent, create inevitable impacts mainly during construction phase, but these are temporary and rather marginal and can be reduced significantly with the help of effective EMP. The potential environmental impacts, which need to regulate are mentioned below: • Air pollution due to the emission of Particulate Matter and gaseous pollutants; • Noise pollution due to various noise generating equipment as well as vehicular movement; • Wastewater generation from sanitary/domestic activities; and • Solid waste disposal. 8.1 BROAD FRAME : ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 8.1.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT A. Construction Phase To mitigate the impact of SPM/dust during the construction phase of the proposed project, the following measures are recommended: - A Fugitive dust control. - Procedural changes to construction activities. A1. Fugitive Dust Control Source wise Fugitive dust control measures are tabulated below: Table 8.1: Fugitive Dust Control Measurers Source Control Measures Earth moving - For any earth moving which are more than 30m from site boundary, conduct watering as necessary to prevent visible dust emissions. Disturbed surface - Apply dust suppression measures frequently to maintain a stabilized surface; areas - Areas, which cannot be stabilized, as evidenced by wind driven dust, must have an application of water at least twice per day. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 108 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Source Control Measures Inactive disturbed - Apply dust suppressants in sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a surface areas stabilized surface. Unpaved roads - Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic at least twice per day of active operations; OR - Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic once daily and restrict vehicle speed to 20 kmph, which will reduce dust emission. Open storage - Apply water to at least 80 percent of the surface areas of all open storage piles piles on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust; OR - Install an enclosure all along the storage piles. Track-out control - Downwash of construction vehicles (especially tyres) prior to departure from site. The most cost-effective dust suppressant is water. Water can be sprinkled by the handheld sprays or with the help of automatic sprinkler systems as the situation would demand. The incoming loads of dusty materials could be covered to avoid spreading of dust. Besides; loss of material in transport, especially if material is transported off-site, can very well be minimized. A2. Procedural Changes in Construction Activities • Material Production - The transport of materials such as concrete, asphalt, etc. to construction sites generate significant amounts of road dust, especially for sites that are relatively far off from the material manufacturers. Setting up the temporary portable concrete plants and/or asphalt plants at construction sites can eliminate haulage of these materials. • Idling Time Reduction - Construction equipment is generally left idling while the operators are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention of the operators. • Improved Maintenance - Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment maintenance, contractors could be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet at regular intervals as a part of the contract awarded to them. A monetary incentive/disincentive provision could be made to encourage contractors to comply with the regular maintenance requirements. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 109 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY • Reduction of on-site construction time - Rapid on-site construction could reduce the duration of traffic interference and therefore, reduce emissions from traffic delay. B. Functional Phase To mitigate the impact of pollutants from vehicular traffic during the operational phase of the site, the following measures are recommended for implementation: • Vehicle emission controls; and • Greenbelt development. B1. Vehicle Emission Controls Vehicles (Cars, Buses, Two-Three wheelers and Light Commercial Vehicles) to be used should be confirmed to BS-IV norms, which are in force. Regular maintenance of the vehicle should be mandatory. Restriction of speed is also helpful in the reducing the emission rate. Instead of petrol, the fuels like CNG/LPG could be encouraged. B2. Greenbelt Development Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants generate oxygen, serve as a sink for pollutants, reduce the flow of dust and reduce the noise pollution too along side the BRTS routes. 8.1.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT A. Construction Phase To mitigate the impact of noise from construction equipment, the following measures are suggested: • Noise prone activities could be restricted to the extent possible during night. • Workers employed in high noise areas would be rotated. Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective devices could be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. B. Functional Phase EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 110 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY To mitigate the impact of noise from Vehicular movement the following measures are recommended for implementation: B1. Greenbelt Development: Noise attenuating / breaking species is being planted and proposed to be planted in a greenbelt, especially surrounding the noise generating sources. B2. Vehicles loaded with latest technology: The buses will be loaded with latest technology especially the less noise generating engine and silencer fitted with turbo jet. 8.1.3 IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES A. Construction Phase To prevent degradation and maintain the quality of the water, adequate control measures have been proposed to check the surface run-off, as well as uncontrolled flow of water into any nearby water body, stream, etc. Following management measures are suggested to protect the water quality during this phase. • Avoid excavation during monsoon season. • Care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. • Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks should be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent the wastewater from entering into the water bodies. • To prevent surface and ground water contamination on account of oil/grease, etc. leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area should be kept effectively impervious. Any wash off from the oil/grease handling area or workshop should be drained through impervious drains and effluent should be treated appropriately before releasing it. • Construction activities generate disturbed soil, concrete fines, oils and other wastes. On-site collection and settling of storm water, prohibition of equipment wash downs, toxic releases from the construction site, etc. are some of the essential measures which prove helpful in minimising water pollution. B. Functional Phase EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 111 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The water for plantation will be used in minimum quantity applying the drip irrigation system or similar technology all along the BRTS routes. • Storm Water Management: Most of the storm water produced along the BRTS routes will be channeled to the well laid out storm water network devised alongside of both the corridors and it will recharge the aquifer through sand filter. • Rainwater harvesting: Rainwater harvesting can serve as a solution to the water problem in the water crises area by capturing the runoff. Rain water harvesting helps in utilizing the primary source of water and prevent the runoff from going into sewer, thereby serving dual purpose: Making water available for future use and reducing the load on treatment plants. Recharging the water aquifers help in improving the quality of existing groundwater through dilution. Rainwater harvesting comprises of two components • Storing Rainwater in ground water reservoirs for beneficial use in future. • Rain water harvesting for artificial recharge of ground water. In proposed BRTS collected rain water will recharge in ground water through recharge pit. 8.1.4 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT A. Construction Phase Waste generated from construction activity includes construction debris, biomass from land clearing activities, waste from the labour camp, etc. Following section discusses management for each type of waste. A1. Construction Debris Construction debris is bulky and heavy and re-utilization and recycling is an important strategy for management of such waste. As concrete and masonry constitute the majority of waste generated, recycling of this waste by conversion to aggregate can offer benefits of reduced landfill space and reduced extraction of raw material for new construction activity. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 112 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Recycled aggregate could be used for filler application, and as a sub base for road and paved surface construction. Construction contractors would be asked to remove metal scrap from structural steel, piping, concrete reinforcement and sheet metal work from the site. A significant portion of wood scrap can be reused on site. Recyclable wastes such as plastics, glass fibre insulation, roofing etc shall be sold to recyclers. NRDA has demarcated the construction debris landfill site within its limits. A2. Waste from labour camp & Biomass: Waste generated from labour camps will mainly comprise the household domestic waste, which would be collected and composted on site along with the biomass from the land clearing activities. The non-compostable and non-recyclable portion of the waste shall be collected and transported to the nearest identified landfill site. A3. Topsoil Management To minimize disruption of soil and for conservation of topsoil, the contractor shall take the topsoil out separately and stockpile it. After the construction activity is over, topsoil shall be utilized for landscaping activity. Other measures, which would be followed to prevent soil erosion and contamination include: • Maximize use of organic fertilizer for landscaping and green belt development. • To prevent soil contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers could be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the oil/grease handling area shall be drained through impervious drains and treated appropriately before disposal. • Removal minimum flora, as far as possible during the development, and re- vegetation of blank areas during and after the project. • Working in a small area at a point of time (phase wise construction). B. Functional Phase • Solid waste generation is not anticipated during operation phase. 8.1.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT A. Construction Phase EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 113 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Cutting, uprooting, coppicing of trees or small trees present in and around labour camps for cooking, burning or heating purposes will be prohibited and suitable alternatives for this purpose will be provided. After completion of major construction work, the green belt will be developed. B. Functional Phase Extensive plantation and landscaping is proposed to mitigate any impacts during this phase. • Plantation & Landscaping Road side Landscape plan is prepared. There are 10 plantation/landscape models of 150 m. different for each road, based on road speed design, ROW, and need of the adjacent area inherited from land use. Within the project area, around 215 Ha of land will be planted. Average 8000 trees will be planted in 1 Km. road i.e. 32000 in whole BRTS corridor within Naya Raipur. The details of the green area designed for development along the roads for 10 models i.e. 1500 Rm. Is given in the following Table no. 8.2 TABLE 8.2 : PLANTATION PLAN FOR 1500 R.M. Number of Type of Plants S.N. Component Plants 1 Drain 1650 Ground Cover / Shrub 2 Utility Corridor 23500 Ground Cover / Shrub 3 Slope 287 Ground Cover / Shrub 4 Greenery 357 Tree species Foot Path / Tree species 6 Drain 528 7 Bus By Lane 1205 Ground Cover / Shrub Short Height Tree, Ground Cover / 8 Median 740 Shrub Total 28267 Selected plants have mix of following characteristics. i. The species are fast growing and providing optimum penetrability. ii. The species are wind-firm and deep rooted. iii. The species forms a dense canopy. iv. The species are indigenous and locally available v. Species tolerant to air pollutants like SPM, SO2 & NOx are preferred. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 114 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY vi. The species are permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt. viii. Trees species have high foliage density, leaves with larger leaf area and hairy on both the surfaces. ix. Species have ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought. x. Species are soil improving (Nitrogen fixing, rapidly decomposable leaf litter). xi. Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance. 8.1.6 RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL STRUCTURES AFFECTING IN THE BRT ROUTE A temple of Shitala Mata near Navagaon which was coming in the BRT corridor is affected and shifted in the opposite direction, beside the Navagaon pond. Construction of this new temple is almost over. This is constructed with acceptance of Navagaon people. No other religious structures come in the BRT corridor. : OLD SHITALA MATA TEMPLE LOCATED ON & SHIFTED FROM THE BRT CORRIDOR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 115 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 8.1: NEW SHITALA MATA TEMPLE BESIDE NAVAGAON POND 8.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN To ensure better environment in & around the project site as well as the neighboring population, an effective EMP is developed for construction and operational phase as per the following table; Table 8.3 Environment Management Plan Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on Design Stage/ Pre-Construction Stage Rain Water Provision of rainwater Near the In the Contract NRDA Harvesting harvesting structure to Junction design or recharge the ground of Road phase water in the Work Shop NO. 1 and Depot and 4 village Reko Oil separator Provision of oil separator Near the In the Contract NRDA Junction design or of Road phase NO. 1 and 4 village Reko Management of Provision of Effluent Worksho In the Contract NRDA Liquid waste from the Treatment Plant to treat p/ depot design or Workshop/Depot the discharge from work shop containing oil, solvent, grease or detergent EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 116 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on External Influence of Selection of camp site Site of During Contract NRDA construction which should not have the Design or campsites intervention with the local labour community. camp. Clearances, Approvals Obtain all necessary All project Before Contract NRDA and Permits clearances and approvals componen start of the or including Environmental t and constructio Clearance, Forest whole n Clearance, and Consent to area establish and consent to operate under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act) 1974 and for felling of trees prior to commencing any road works Obtain written permission Contract NRDA from private landholders to or conduct activities on their land prior to commencing Adhere to all clearance Contract NRDA terms and conditions or Construction Stage Environmental This will include For the In the Contract NRDA Management and institutional requirements, project initial or Monitoring Facility for training, environmental stage of EMP management and the monitoring. Provision for constructio purchasing required n equipment. Ambient Air Environment Emission from All vehicles and Project Project Contractor NRDA construction vehicle machineries shall obtain area period and maintain the Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC). These vehicles will be maintained so that emissions conform to the standards prescribed in the certificate. Emission from Diesel The relevant NoC will be Project Before Contractor NRDA Generator obtained from the State Area start of Pollution Control Board. work and The Exhaust will be whole released at the height project prescribed by the CECB period and so that it does not affect the near by populations. Dust The construction site of Project Project Contractor NRDA work shop, depot and area period terminal station and bus shelter will be cordon off and boundary will be EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 117 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on sealed. Water sprinkling will be done at the source of dust. All internal roads and parking areas are to be sealed in either concrete or bitumen Noise Noise of Diesel Use of Silent DG set. Project Project Contractor NRDA Generator In case of non silent DG area period set , these DG sets will be place in acoustic rooms. The relevant NoC will be obtained from the CECB and maintain the noise level according to the prescribed level. The location of the DG set will be selected such way that it does not affect the local population. Noise and vibration of Machinery and vehicles Project Project Contractor NRDA Machineries and will be maintained to keep area period Vehicles their noise to a minimum. Equipment Selection Construction plant and Project Project Contractor NRDA maintenance and equipment will meet area period operation recognised international standards for emissions and will be maintained and operated in a manner that ensures that relevant air, noise, and discharge regulations are met Noise and vibration at The working house will be Project Project Contractor NRDA Construction Site maintained. In the area period residential area night time construction activity will be avoided while in commercial area the day time construction activity will be avoided. The working hour will be defined and disclosed for workers as well as local people. Water Flood Impacts and Provision of drains to Workshop/ Project Contractor NRDA Drainage at the collect the runoff from the depots/ period workshop and depot workshop/ depot, bus terminal shelters, terminal station to station/ the main drain or the bus stops/ stream. bus The runoff is not allowed to shelters mix with the oil, grease, solvents. Since these wastes will be treat in the ETP. All drains in the workshop will be lined drains to avoid EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 118 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on any leaching of solvents caused due to accidental spillage. Alteration of drainage Any alteration of drainage Project Project Contractor NRDA on the to be restored. area period Drainage for Bus Stop Drainage from the bus stop Bus stops/ Project Contractor NRDA to be connected to the Bus period main drain. Shelter Sanitation at the Provision of STP at Raipur Raipur Project Contractor NRDA Raipur Terminal Terminal Station Terminal period Station Station Contamination from Vehicle maintenance and Project Project Contractor NRDA fuel and lubricants refuelling will be confined area period to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Waste petroleum and lubricants must be collected and taken to approved disposal sites, according to GOI laws. Sanitation and Waste Sufficient measures will be Project Project Contractor NRDA Disposal in taken in the construction area period Construction Camps camps, i.e. provision of Sanitation at Terminal rubbish receptacles and Project Project Contractor NRDA Station at Naya Raipur sanitation facilities. Waste area period in septic tanks will be cleared periodically as necessary. Drinking water will meet Indian National Standards. Rubbish will be collected and disposed of frequently. Special attention shall be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. Camps will be located at a minimum distance of 200 m from water sources. Health and Safety Worker’s Health and Provision of Personnel Project Project Contractor NRDA Safety Protective Equipment area period (PPE) - The assessment of the requirement of PPE before the mobilization of worker at site and provision of the same. Training of the worker before mobilization to the site and refresher training provided to the worker. Loss of Access Temporary access should Project Project Contractor NRDA be maintained throughout area period the course of the work unless the contractors make agreements with any affected frontages or legitimate user. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 119 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on Traffic Jams and If there is traffic congestion Project Project Contractor NRDA congestion during construction of bus area period shelter/ stops, measures should be taken to relieve it as far as possible with the co-operation of the traffic police. Operation Stage Air Exhaust Emissions Tuning and testing are the Project Project Contractor NRDA point source of air area period pollution. These activities should be conducted inside the building. Washing facility for Bus The discharge from Project Project Contractor NRDA washing of buses will be area period treated then discharge into the drain or stream. Air-Conditioning Gas All work done on air- Project Project Contractor NRDA Recovery/Recycling conditioners will follow the area period Industry Code of Practice for automotive air- conditioning. Approved refrigerant gas recycling and storage equipment shall be used in these circumstances. Fire Protection Fire extinguishers should Project Project Contractor NRDA be located at suitable area period location. Staff Training All staff are trained in Project Project Contractor NRDA accordance with the area period provisions of this Environmental Management Plan. In particular staff are regularly briefed on : • correct position of equipment; • relevant environmental issues; • proper waste disposal methods. Spill Management The liquids should be Project Project Contractor NRDA stored undercover within area period the building. A spill kit comprising of rags, absorptive material, broom, shovel are kept in close proximity to the storage area. All large containers should be frequently checked as they are repeatedly used. All EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 120 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Implement Supervisi Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Time ing Location ng/Monit Aspect measures taken frame Organizati oring on liquid are stored in a constructed tray to contain any accidental spillage both for environmental protection reasons and workplace health and safety. Minor Spills The container is up- Project Project Contractor NRDA righted/checked and if area period required drained and the area spot cleaned with either absorptive material or rags. Major Spills Where the unlikely event of Project Project Contractor NRDA a major spill occurs (>20 area period litres) the level in the interceptor is checked and if required contacted to empty the triple interceptor. Storage of Hazardous Motor Oil, Various Project Project Contractor NRDA Substances Activities, Degreaser, area period Petrol, Brake Fluid, Solvent, Coolant, Waste Oil will be stored in the container as per the norms of CECB 1.4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT The basic objective of the following guidelines is to lay down procedures to be adopted by contractor to ensure the safe and efficient movement of traffic and also to ensure the safety of workmen at construction sites. a) All construction workers should be provided with high visibility jackets with reflective tapes as most of viaduct /tunnelling and station works or either above or under right-of- way. The conspicuity of workmen at all times shall be increased so as to protect from speeding vehicular traffic. b) The guiding principles to be adopted for safety in construction zone are; ƒ Warn the road user clearly and sufficiently in advance. ƒ Provide safe and clearly marked lanes for guiding road users. ƒ Provide safe and clearly marked buffer and work zones ƒ Provide adequate measures that control driver behaviour through construction zones. c) Legal permission EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 121 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ƒ In all cases, the contractor shall employ proper precautions. Wherever operations undertaken are likely to interfere with public traffic, specific traffic management plans shall be drawn up and implemented by the contractor in consultation with the approval of local police authorities and/or the concerned metropolitan/civil authorities as the case may be. ƒ Such traffic management plans shall include provision for traffic diversion and selection of alternative routes for transport of equipment. If necessary, the contractor shall carry out road widening before commencement of works to accommodate the extra load d) The primary traffic control devices used in work zones shall include signs, delineators, barricades, cones, pylons, pavement markings and flashing lights. e) The road construction and maintenance signs which fall into the same three major categories as do other traffic signs, that are Regulatory Signs, Warning Signs and Direction (or guidelines) Signs shall only be used. The IRC: 67 (Code of Practice for Road Signs) provide a list of traffic signs. The size, colours and placement of sign shall confirm to IRC: 67. f) Regulatory signs Regulatory signs impose legal restriction on all traffic. It is essential, therefore, that they are used only after consulting the local police and traffic authorities. g) Warning signs ƒ Warning signs in the traffic control zone shall be utilised to warn the drivers of specific hazards that may be encountered. ƒ The contractor shall place detour signage at strategic locations and install appropriate warning signs. In order to minimize disruption of access to residences and business, the contractor shall maintain at least one entrance to a property where multiple entrances exist. ƒ A warning sign as per IRC SP 55 shall be installed an at all secondary road which merges with the primary road where the construction work is in progress at sufficient distance before it merges with the primary road so as to alert the road users regarding the ‘Work in Progress’. ƒ Materials hanging over / protruded from the chassis / body of any vehicle especially during material handling shall be indicated by red indicator (red light/flag) to indicate the caution to the road users. h) Delineators The delineators are the elements of a total system of traffic control and have two distinct purposes: ƒ To delineate and guide the driver to and along a safe path ƒ As a taper to move traffic from one lane to another. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 122 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY − These channelising devices such as cones, traffic cylinders, tapes and drums shall be placed in or adjacent to the roadway to control the flow of traffic. These should normally be retro-reflectors complying to IRC: 79 - Recommended Practice for Road Delineators. − Traffic cones and cylinders Traffic cones of 500mm, 750mm and 1000mm high and 300mm to 500mm in diameter or in square shape at base and are often made of plastic or rubber and normally have retro-reflectorised red and white band shall be used wherever required. − Drums Drums about 800mm to 1000mm high and 300mm in diameter can be used either as channelising or warning devices. These are highly visible, give the appearance of being formidable objects and therefore command the respect of drivers. ƒ Barricades − Full height fence, barriers, barricades etc. shall be erected around the site in order to prevent the working area from the risk of accidents due to speedy vehicular movement. Same the way barricades protect the road users from the danger due to construction equipment and other temporary structures. − The structure dimension of the barricade, material and composition, its colour scheme, Logo and other details shall be in accordance with specifications laid down in tender document. − All barricades shall be erected as per the design requirements of the Employer, numbered, painted and maintained in good condition and also Barricade in-charge maintains a barricade register in site. − All barricades shall be conspicuously visible at night. This shall be ensured by affixing retro reflective stripes of required size and shape at appropriate angle at the bottom and middle portion of the barricade at a minimum gap of 1000mm. In addition minimum one red light or red light blinker should be placed at the top of each barricade. ƒ The contractor shall ensure that all his construction vehicles plying on public roads (like dump trucks, trailers, etc.) have proper license to ply on public roads from the State Transport Authority. Drivers holding proper valid license as per the requirements of Motor Vehicles Act shall drive these vehicles EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 123 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ƒ The contractor shall not undertake loading and unloading at carriageways obstructing the free flow of vehicular traffic and encroachment of existing roads by the contractor applying the excuse of work execution. ƒ Tow away vehicle The contractor shall make arrangements keeping tow away van / manpower to tow away any breakdown vehicle in the traffic flow without losing any time at his cost. ƒ Cleaning of roads The contractor shall avoid impact on the cleanliness of public roads and footpaths due to his works, by deploying proper manpower for sweeping, cleaning, washing, including proper disposal of dust and debris arising. 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & MONITORING PLAN For the effective implementation of EMP, an Environmental Management System (EMS) should be established at the site. The EMS should include the following: • An environmental management cell. • Environmental Monitoring. • Personnel Training. • Regular Environmental Audits & Corrective Action. • Documentation – Standard operating procedures 8.3.1. Environmental Management Cell A Cell for Environmental Management within NRDA at the project level, will take the overall responsibility for co-ordination of the actions required for environmental management and mitigation, and for monitoring the progress of the proposed management plans and actions to be taken for the project. The Cell will be headed by a qualified Environmental Engineer and the other members of the cell that will include an Environmental Field Officers, Scientist, Chemists and Operators. The cell will report to Chief Executive Officer NRDA for regular compliances. The EMC will prepare a formal report on environmental management at six-monthly intervals. Reports on any urgent or significant issues may be prepared at shorter intervals. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 124 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Apart from responsibilities listed above, the EMC will have the responsibility of the following: To implement the environmental management plan, - To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations, - To minimize environmental impacts as by strict adherence to the EMP, - To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule. - Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference. - Maintain environmental related records. - Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants, monitoring laboratories. - All the Environment related aspects will be handled by a dedicated group and will be responsible for the compliance to all the issues - To manage post project-monitoring plan as per approved EIA & EMP. - To develop & maintain green belt - To work for continuous & regular improvement in environmental engineering 8.3.2. Environmental Monitoring The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse affects are detected and timely action can be taken. In consultation with CECB, the NRDA will monitor ambient air quality, noise levels, groundwater quality and quantity, soil quality and solid wastes in accordance with an approved monitoring schedule. The monitoring protocol and location selection will have to be done carefully. The monitoring and sampling program should be discussed and approved. A suggested monitoring protocol, based on the predicted impacts, is given in Table 8.4. Table 8.4: Suggested Monitoring Program during Construction Phase Sr. Environmental No. Of Parameters Period and Locations Frequency No attribute EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 125 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Ambient Air Five stations Criteria Pollutants: • 24-hr average Quality per corridor SO2, N0x, SPM, sampling except for PM10, CO CO, which will be 8- hr sampling. – • Twice a week Ambient Noise Five stations dB(A) levels Hourly day and night per corridor time Leq levels every quarter during construction phase Water Quality Five Samples Drinking water Quarterly per corridor parameters as per IS 10500. Soil quality Five Samples Organic matter, C, Quarterly per corridor H, N, Alkalinity, Acidity, heavy metals and trace metal. Alkalinity, Acidity. Inventory of flora Once a two year Socio-economic Physical Survey Once in two year condition of local population Table 8.5: Suggested Monitoring Program during Operation Phase Sr. Environmental No. Of Parameters Period and Locations Frequency No attribute Ambient Air Three Criteria • 24-hr average Quality stations per Pollutants: SO2, sampling except corridor N0x, SPM, for CO, which will PM10, CO be 8-hr sampling. – Quarterly Ambient Noise Five stations dB(A) levels Hourly day and per corridor night time Leq levels • Twice a year Water Quality Four Drinking water Twice a year Samples per parameters as corridor per IS 10500. Soil quality four Samples Organic matter, Twice a year per corridor C, H, N, EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 126 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Alkalinity, Acidity, heavy metals and trace metal. Alkalinity, Acidity. Inventory of flora Once a year Socio-economic Physical Survey Once in two year condition of local population EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 127 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Monitoring will be carried out externally through respective reputed agencies/laboratory. NRDA will depute its Environmental Engineers for regular checking of monitoring programme in accordance with the suggested monitoring programme. 8.3.3 Personnel Awareness & Training Training and human resource development is an important link to achieve sustainable operation of the facility and environmental management. For successful functioning of the project, relevant EMP should be communicated both during constructional and functional phases to all concerned staff and contractors. 8.3.4. Environmental Audits & Corrective Action Plans To assess whether the implemented EMP is adequate, periodic environmental audits will be conducted by Environment Cell. These audits will be followed by Corrective Action Plans (CAP) to correct various issues identified during the audits. 8.3.5. Documentation – Standard operating procedures Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool. Records should be maintained for regulatory, monitoring and operational Parameter Particulars Solid Waste Handling &Disposal • Daily quantity of waste received • Daily quantity treated and recycled • Daily quantity sold Regulatory Licenses (Environmental) • Environmental Permits / Consents from CECB / MoEF (if required) • Copy of Waste manifests as per requirement Monitoring & Survey • Records of all monitoring carried out as per the finalized monitoring protocol. Other • Log book of compliance • Employee environmental, health and safety records • Equipment inspection & calibration records, where applicable • Vehicle maintenance and inspection records issues. Typical record keeping requirements is summarized in Table 8.6. Table 8.6: Record Keeping Requirements EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 128 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 8.4 BUDGET PROVISION FOR EMP It is necessary to include the environmental cost as a part of the budgetary cost component. The activity essential for the Environment Management is listed below in the table and its financial bearing is estimated. Costs No. of Locations/ Cost to be Sr. Environmental covered in Quantity covered in No DPR attribute EMP in INR In INR Provision of Rain water • Near The 1,243,231 harvesting structure to Junction of Road 1. recharge the Ground no. 1 and 4 water in the workshop and village Reko Depot Oil Separator • Near The 225,000 Junction of Road 2. no. 1 and 4 village Reko Supply, installation, testing • Work Shop 650,000 & commissioning of waste water DEWATA / SOIL 3. SCAPE SYSTEM Treatment Plant with collection tank. Dust suppression • The construction 1,350,000 site of workshop, Depot and terminal station and bus shelter will be cordon off and boundary will be sealed. Water sprinkling 4. will be done at the source of Dust. All internal roads and parking areas are to be sealed in either concrete or bitumen. 5. Washing facility for bus 17,537,776 Ambient Air Quality • Five stations per 5,720,000 6. Monitoring of all corridor parameters of NAAQS, • 104 sample per EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 129 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2009 year per location. Meteorological Monitoring • 2 location – One 1,664,000 of Wind speed, Wind in Raipur and direction, Humidity and other in Naya 7. temperature Raipur • 104 days in a year. Ambient Noise level • Five stations per 780,000 monitoring corridor 8. • 104 samples in a year Water Quality monitoring • Five Samples 160,000 Drinking water parameters per corridor. 9. as per IS 10500. • 3 seasons in year Soil quality monitoring • 10 locations. 160,000 Organic matter, C, H, N, 10. Alkalinity, Acidity, heavy • Twice a year metals and trace metal. Alkalinity, Acidity. 11. Inventory of flora • Once in a year 50,000 Socio-economic condition • Once in a year 2,00,000 12. of local population Physical Survey 13. Environmental • Once in a year 1,000,000 Training (Annual Training) Total 19,656,007 4,436,000 Operation Stage Ambient Air Quality • Three stations 3,432,000 Monitoring of all per corridor 14. parameters of NAAQS, 2009 • 104 sample per year per location. Ambient Noise • Five stations per 936,000 corridor 15. • 104 samples in year Water Quality Drinking • Four Samples 64,000 16. water parameters as per per corridor IS 10500. • Twice in a year Soil quality Organic • four Samples per 64,000 17. matter, C, H, N, Alkalinity, corridor Acidity, heavy metals and trace metal. Alkalinity, • Twice in year EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 130 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Acidity. 18. Inventory of flora • Once in a year 50,000 Socio-economic condition • Once in a year 2,00,000 19. of local population- Physical Survey 20. Staff Training • Once in a year 1,000,000 Total 5,746,000 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 131 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Chapter IX Summary & Conclusions The proposed BRT is essential for the future development of Naya Raipur. The project addresses the sustainable urban development through its road network implementation and traffic management system. It will provide a key premise for the district’s sustainable development. By sharing the city functions with the existing urban centre, district development will contribute to the sustainable development of the entire Raipur city. The project includes two components for urban traffic sustainability: 1) development of the BRT, 2) utility facilities. The EIA revealed that the BRT System at Naya Raipur will have not much environmental impacts on soil, air, water, urban and rural ecosystems, economic activities, communities and society. The EMP will reduce environmental impacts to acceptable levels. It includes environmental protection measures for all potential environmental impacts and a monitoring plan. It also designates relevant organization’s environmental responsibilities. The EMP ensures implementation of the environmental mitigation measures during construction and operation. Therefore, the BRT project will be implemented in an environmentally sound manner and will effectively contribute to the sustainable urban development of Chhattisgarh and the future development of Naya Raipur. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 132 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – I ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR NAYA RAIPUR EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 133 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 134 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 135 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 136 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 137 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 138 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 139 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 140 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 141 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 142 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 143 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 144 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 145 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 146 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 147 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 148 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – II CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR IMD STATION AT RAIPUR Table 1 discusses the long-term climate trend of secondary data collected for the IMD station located in Raipur, over the period of 1951-1980. Table 2 discusses the decadal trend of secondary data collected from IMD Pune, over a period of 1993-2002. TABLE 1: CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR IMD STATION AT RAIPUR (1951-1980) Mean Mean Max. Mean Min. Total Predomina Relative Wind Month Temperatur Temperatu Rainfall nt Wind Humidity Speed e (°C) re (°C) (mm) direction (m/s) January 27.5 13.3 50 6.7 1.1 N February 31.1 16.5 41 12.3 1.4 N March 35.5 20.8 33 24.6 1.7 N April 39.6 25.3 31 15.7 2.2 W May 42.0 28.3 31 18.8 2.6 W June 37.4 26.5 58 189.8 3.0 SW July 30.8 24.0 81 381.0 3.0 SW August 30.2 23.9 83 344.7 2.6 W Septemb 31.3 23.9 77 230.2 2.0 W er October 31.6 21.5 64 53.9 1.4 NE Novembe 29.6 16.5 54 7.4 1.1 NE r Decembe 27.3 13.2 52 3.7 0.9 NE r Average/ 32.8 21.1 55 1288.8 1.9 Total Source: Climatological Table, IMD EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 149 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 2: CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR IMD STATION AT RAIPUR (1993-2002) Mean Min. Total Mean Max. Relative Month Temperature Rainfall Temperature (°C) Humidity (°C) (mm) January 27.6 13.0 59.1 10.2 February 30.6 16.3 54.1 19.1 March 35.4 20.2 39.3 15.6 April 40.0 24.7 36.2 13.5 May 41.9 27.5 39.2 19.6 June 37.1 26.0 64.0 176.9 July 31.7 24.3 82.3 347.5 August 30.0 23.9 86.7 379.9 September 31.0 23.6 83.0 195.1 October 31.7 21.4 73.9 60.5 November 29.9 16.2 63.3 13.1 December 28.0 12.7 57.5 1.8 Average/ 32.9 20.8 61.5 1252.7 Total Source: IMD Pune EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 150 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – III TRAFFIC MONITORING DATA TABLE 1: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AT NH-30 – WEEKDAY Average Number of Vehicles Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 0100 17 5 21 17 17 1 0 0200 14 6 19 28 28 2 1 0300 22 14 28 28 33 1 0 0400 25 24 35 59 47 2 0 0500 39 35 61 68 40 3 0 0600 59 34 78 105 60 1 1 0700 108 60 110 120 44 0 0 0800 109 48 127 147 41 0 1 0900 134 34 166 151 48 4 0 1000 152 43 159 164 52 0 0 1100 164 37 181 170 41 0 0 1200 170 28 187 173 54 2 1 1300 167 22 197 145 43 4 2 1400 153 21 168 128 52 0 2 1500 130 26 165 114 37 0 0 1600 143 34 157 94 34 2 0 1700 156 42 131 107 35 0 0 1800 153 53 116 98 33 0 1 1900 125 35 105 69 41 0 0 2000 115 43 96 56 45 0 0 2100 98 29 78 43 47 0 0 2200 73 22 52 35 31 0 0 2300 42 17 34 26 23 1 1 2400 21 6 13 12 16 1 1 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 151 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 1: TRAFFIC DENSITY – NH-30- WEEKDAY Vehicular movement on weekdays at NH-43 250 Number of vehicles 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Tim e of the Day T wo Wheelers T hree Wheelers Cars & Vans Busses & Lorries HMV Cycles Cycle Rikshaw TABLE 2: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AT NH-30 – WEEKEND Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 0100 9.0 7.0 15.0 11.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 0200 5.0 9.0 13.0 15.0 29.0 2.0 1.0 0300 15.0 10.0 23.0 16.0 36.0 1.0 1.0 0400 13.0 24.0 23.0 26.0 39.0 1.0 0.0 0500 28.0 28.0 36.0 50.0 35.0 0.0 0.0 0600 38.0 26.0 40.0 65.0 39.0 0.0 0.0 0700 26.0 37.0 48.0 71.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 0800 61.0 50.0 76.0 84.0 36.0 0.0 0.0 0900 64.0 42.0 104.0 97.0 36.0 1.0 0.0 1000 76.0 34.0 80.0 135.0 38.0 2.0 0.0 1100 67.0 40.0 132.0 123.0 34.0 0.0 1.0 1200 100.0 30.0 124.0 154.0 30.0 1.0 0.0 1300 78.0 23.0 131.0 128.0 36.0 2.0 0.0 1400 59.0 19.0 126.0 91.0 35.0 0.0 2.0 1500 68.0 16.0 134.0 85.0 30.0 1.0 0.0 1600 42.0 17.0 112.0 66.0 26.0 0.0 0.0 1700 37.0 28.0 94.0 69.0 26.0 0.0 0.0 1800 28.0 15.0 88.0 56.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 1900 33.0 21.0 86.0 44.0 34.0 0.0 0.0 2000 24.0 9.0 73.0 38.0 27.0 0.0 0.0 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 152 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 2100 20.0 13.0 61.0 30.0 27.0 0.0 1.0 2200 26.0 10.0 41.0 24.0 16.0 0.0 0.0 2300 15.0 5.0 31.0 19.0 14.0 0.0 1.0 2400 8.0 5.0 7.0 5.0 11.0 0.0 3.0 FIGURE 2: TRAFFIC DENSITY – NH-30- WEEKEND Vehicular movement on NH-43 on weekend 200.0 Number of Vehicles 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 T ime of the day T wo wheelers T hree wheelers Cars & Vans Busses & Lorries HMV Cycles Cycle Rikshaw TABLE 3: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AT NH-53 – WEEKDAY Average Number of Vehicles Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 0100 14 10 24 17 25 2 1 0200 22 12 23 26 25 1 1 0300 23 17 30 35 22 0 0 0400 25 23 38 53 32 1 1 0500 33 33 51 52 34 3 0 0600 36 37 69 81 45 1 2 0700 61 42 90 98 51 0 0 0800 75 56 98 127 46 1 1 0900 86 46 132 133 50 0 1 1000 107 47 146 147 41 0 0 1100 132 40 157 147 50 1 0 1200 131 37 161 159 57 0 0 1300 138 46 176 142 50 1 1 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 153 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Average Number of Vehicles Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 1400 135 31 157 132 42 0 2 1500 121 31 140 106 32 0 0 1600 127 26 123 95 25 1 0 1700 147 31 115 88 39 0 0 1800 125 36 109 80 39 1 1 1900 69 31 100 69 35 0 0 2000 46 25 85 58 38 2 1 2100 31 24 72 46 58 0 1 2200 21 21 50 41 42 0 0 2300 18 15 34 26 32 2 0 2400 10 6 23 16 27 2 0 FIGURE 3: TRAFFIC DENSITY – NH-53- WEEKDAY Weekday Vehicular Movement on NH-6 200 Number of vehicles 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 T ime of the day T wo wheelers T hree Wheelers Cars & Vans Busses & Lorries HMV Cycles Cycle Rikshaw TABLE 4: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AT NH-53 – WEEKEND Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 0100 7 8 13 13 21 0 1 0200 7 10 13 13 33 0 0 0300 13 13 20 19 40 2 2 0400 10 15 22 22 48 1 0 0500 22 22 30 28 39 0 0 EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 154 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Cars Busses Two Three Cycle Time and & HMV Cycles Wheelers Wheelers Rikshaw vans Lorries 0600 34 26 34 50 39 0 0 0700 30 32 42 56 39 0 2 0800 46 37 58 76 35 2 1 0900 56 34 83 90 48 1 0 1000 66 40 66 104 37 0 0 1100 56 40 101 116 31 0 0 1200 92 34 108 131 33 1 0 1300 66 31 101 125 34 3 0 1400 53 24 115 80 34 0 0 1500 43 21 114 76 27 3 0 1600 33 17 106 60 33 0 0 1700 29 26 93 58 29 0 0 1800 24 15 78 53 25 0 0 1900 21 26 83 41 28 0 0 2000 17 14 68 34 34 0 0 2100 15 13 50 23 30 0 1 2200 22 8 36 21 26 1 0 2300 11 7 28 16 14 0 3 2400 6 5 9 7 14 0 1 FIGURE 4: TRAFFIC DENSITY – NH-53- WEEKEND Weekend Vehicular Movement on NH-6 140 120 Number of Vehicles 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time of the Day Tw o Wheelers Three Wheelers Cars & Vans Busses & Lorries HMV Cycles Cycle Rikshaw EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 155 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – IV TYPES OF SOIL IN CHHATTISGARH A wide variety of soil types are found in Chhattisgarh. The soil of the study area is very shallow, yellowish brown to reddish brown, sandy clay loam to clay loam. The agricultural properties and fertility status of the soil of this region are generally poor and not suitable for the growth of the various kinds of crops. In the study area, there water bodies in the form of lakes, ponds, nallahs and irrigation canals. Land is irrigated using surface water. Rain water is the main source for irrigation. A variety of factors control soil formation - climate, biotic factors, relief, drainage, parent rock materials and time. The soils in the region are as follows: Vertisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Typically form from highly basic rocks such as basalt in climates that are seasonally humid or subject to erratic droughts and floods. Depending on the parent material and the climate, they can range from grey or red to the more familiar deep black. Alfisols Having clay-enriched subsoil with a relatively high native fertility "Alf" refers to Aluminium (Al) and Iron (Fe). Alfisols have undergone only moderate leaching. By definition, they have at least 35% base saturation, meaning that Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium are relatively abundant Ultisols “Red clay soil", defined as mineral soils containing no calcareous material anywhere within the soil, with less than 10% weatherable minerals in the extreme top layer of soil, and less the 35% base saturation throughout the soil. These are found in Pilari, Baloda Bajar,Bilaigarh and Rajim area and various other parts of the district too. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 156 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 5: SOIL TYPES IN RAIPUR (CHHATTISGARH) EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 157 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – V PROCEEDINGS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION Different sections of people were explained about the BRT project and were asked to voice their concerns, suggestions and views for the same. The public consultation was carried out from 14th to 16th April 2010 by Mr. Ahsan Najeeb and Ms. Rajani Iyer (SENES Representatives) at varied locations in Raipur city and their consultations are provided below. 1) WOMEN COMMUTERS Location: Bus stops, Residential Colonies Date: 14th April, 2010. Time: 11:00am to 1:30pm 1. Asha Verma --- told that sufficient seats should be reserved for women. 2. Dhanlakshni Jain is of the Opinion that frequency of buses should be increased. 3. Sudha Sahu --- said some ladies special buses should be run in peak hours. 4. Maahi Chaubey --- told that AC buses must run for long distances, as extreme weather makes journey uncomfortable and difficult. 5. Seema Nigam --- feels bus routes are limited and frequency is less BRT buses should reach till major masses and more number of buses provided. 6. Ruchi Srivastav --- told that ladies seats should be reserved in all buses and should be marked properly and maintained strictly. 7. Usharani Dubey --- wants the buses to run on correct time, hence can be relied upon. 8. Bharati Sahay --- told travelling in normal buses makes the journey painful. AC buses with low fares should be started, so that the travel becomes relaxing. 9. Sanjana Goyal --- has odd working hours and so wants frequency of buses to increase. 10. Mahavi Singh --- said that some bus seats be booked for ladies and elderly persons and that ladies entry be from front door and men enter from rear door. 2) CONSULTATION WITH STUDENTS FROM UNIVERSITY, COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 158 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Location: Bus stops, Near University and college Date: 15th April, 2010. Time: 9:00am to 11:30am 1.) Manish Diwan --- Student of Bodhi Satva High school feels number of buses plying during morning and evening hours should be increased. 2.) Dinesh Naidu --- Student of Nac Mit Pt college feels students should be issued monthly passes as it will encourage them travel by bus which in turn will decrease congestion and traffic on road. 3.) Nitin Rai --- Student of Gurukul Institute says special university buses should be introduced for the students of different universities. 4.) Vikas Pali --- Student of RIT has an opinion that concessional seasonal or monthly bus passes should be introduced for students. 5.) Rajan Dahariya --- Student of Agrasen Mahavidhyalaya feels that more number of buses should run during the morning and evening hours, which will make traveling easier for students without congestion in buses. 6.) Aditya Dixit --- Student of RIT feels special university buses should be introduced for the students along with other people. 7.) Seema Lalwani --- Student of Disha Institute of Management & Technology feels more number of buses should ply during morning and evening hours. 8.) Lalit Yadav --- Student of Government Medical college feels more number of buses should be introduced so that traveling will be more comfortable. 9.) Krishna Soni --- Student of Government Medical college feels existing number of buses is not at all sufficient and more number of buses should be introduced. 10.) Kunal Dhawan --- Student of RIT syas bus passes should be issued to the students which will decrease the traffic as more students will be using public transport rather than their own transport. 3) CONSULTATIONS WITH PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES OF THE IGAU Location: Indira Gandhi Agricultural University Date: 15th April, 2010. Time: 6.00 pm to 7:30 pm 1. Upadhyaya ---As the family is staying in staff quarters they are willing to move where the university accommodates them. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 159 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 2. N.L. Shrivastava---both the husband and wife are not keeping good health and therefore he and his family want to be accommodated within the campus to reduce problems they will face if shifted from out of the university campus. 3. Dinesh Bhosale---Working as a peon in one of the departments feels that the university will make the necessary arrangements as the staff quarters they are living in are old and the families of the staff members have made partitions inside to accommodate their enlarging families. 4. S. Yadav ---Felt that as they were working and staying in the houses provided by the university, then even if the land is given for any project the university will shift them to other houses within the campus. 5. R. S.Tiwari---Referred to a road near their houses which is connecting their houses and a residential complex to the highway and mentioned that another road will have to be provided to enable people to go about their activity. 4) COMMUTERS IN RAIPUR CITY Location: Bus stops, Near Offices Date: 14th April, 2010. Time: 3:00pm to 5:30pm 1.) Ratan Sahu --- Government employee, feels number of buses should increase as he finds difficult to reach office once he misses bus. 2.) Ashok Gupta --- Feels A/c buses should be introduced as it will make the journey comfortable. 3.) Rahul Verma --- Says frequency of the buses should be more from one destination to other as it would decrease the load in the bus. 4.) Anil Jain --- A local businessman feels autorickshaws should be banned in some routes as they charge more rates and create kiosk in traffic. 5.) Ved Prakash Banchor --- Private job employee finds it difficult to travel during summer season and recommends A/c buses in different routes. 6.) Ashish Thakur --- Informed about the congestion in the present road and feels autorickshaws and heavy vehicles should be banned on some routes. 7.) Umesh Rawat --- Employee, says frequency of the buses should increase and buses should be more spacious. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 160 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 8.) Uttam Devangan --- Feels buses should maintain proper timing and also number of buses plying should increase. 9.) Riya Agarwal --- Thinks charges of the bus service is very much affordable and will be good if the buses run on time. 10.) Kripa Soni --- Feels number of buses plying in the city should increase and also proper timing should be maintained. 5) CONSULTATIONS WITH CONDUCTORS, DRIVERS AND OWNERS OF PRIVATE BUSES Location: Bus stands, Bus Depots Date: 15th April, 2010. Time: 3:00pm to 5:30pm 1. Deendayal Sharma --- feels that introducing BRT would be good for city’s progress but the existing buses should also be allowed to continue. 2. Babubhai Bhagel --- is of the opinion that existing bus drivers and conductors should be appointed for the new bus services, hence improving their lives. 3. Amit Sahay --- told that BRT buses must run in different routes, so as not to affect their daily income. 4. Mahendra Chandrakar --- (Owner of private bus firm) told that bus operators must be selected by a procedure of tendering, as near the case for appointing existing operators. 5. Raja Kumar --- told that bus lanes and other vehicle lanes should not be mixed anywhere, as it will disturb traffic and affect punctuality/efficiency of buses. 6. Daneshwar Sahu --- told that buses should be stopped only at bus stops and no other places. 7. Rajesh Chandrakar --- feels that the existing routes should not be given to new operators as it will result in loss of current operators and their employees. 6) CONSULTATIONS AT THE SECRETARIAT PICK UP POINT: EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 161 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY SENES representative: Mr. V. V. Subbarao and Ms. Rajani Iyer Location: NRDA Secretariat, where the new pick-up point is to be located Date: 27th October 2010 Topic : BRTS – SENES explained about BRTS project and asked the people there about their views / suggestions / problems associated with it. Time : 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm 1. Ramesh Yadav (Tea stall owner): said he is happy that more people will be coming there, so his daily earnings will increase. 2. Rajeev Nigam (Pan shop owner): will have to move his shop a little but then feels that more income is likely to generate. 3. Umang Jadav (a nearby resident) is of the opinion that the place will become crowded and vehicle traffic and honking will increase. 4. Dilip Mishra (Fruit & Vegetable vendor): he will need to get relocated from his usual place because of upcoming pick up point. 5. Alok Chaobe (Chaiwala): says it will be good for his business if pick up point comes at the Secretariat location. 6. Aakash Pandey (Resident): says it would become easy and convenient for him and his family to board the bus from the so near pick up point. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 162 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE – VI COMMENTS OF WORLD BANK TABLE 1: COMPLIANCE OF THE WORLD BANK COMMENTS (13TH SEPT 2010) Sr. Comments of World Bank Clarifications/Arguments No. There is no mention of consultations carried out. In that regard, of particular importance are consultations within Raipur Public Consultation with the relevant city where the new facilities are stakeholders like local residents, people coming up. Concerns from residing near the terminals, commuters 1. relevant stakeholders, including from Raipur city, women commuters, local residents, should be students, etc. are conducted and documented and the way they presented in the EIA report. are (to be) handled in the project design and implementation should also be clarified. No analysis of alternatives is presented. For instance, I remember we had a location initially considered for the bus stop close to the CM residence According to NRDA, no alternatives other where tree cutting would have than the current ones were proposed for 2. been an issue which is now Bus Terminals, Bus Depots, Bus Stops changed to a plot outside the and Bus Routes. city. Such analysis would give the readers who may not be familiar with the site enough confidence that these issues were indeed considered. Some mitigation and Oil interceptor and wate water treatment enhancement measures that can facility will be provided at the bus depot, actually show value that the EIA where the oily waste will be sold to local can bring - provision of oil and authorized agents and recycled water will grease traps where bus be reused for gardening purpose. maintenance is to be carried out, 3. public utilities like drinking water Bus Terminals will be provided with spouts, and toilets, provision of drinking water spouts and other public water harvesting, etc. seem to amenities. have been missed out. NRDA proposes to develop RWH system along the BRT corridor and Bus Terminals and Depots. There is no discussion of Safety Proper signages like entry and exit points due to the movement of buses of BRT, traffic lights, speed breakers, 4. within the colony areas. If it is pedestrian crossings, blow horn sign, already clear that this will be speed limit indication, marking BRT handled properly, it would be corridor on the roads, providing footpaths EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 163 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. Comments of World Bank Clarifications/Arguments No. useful to give the steps proposed and cycle paths will be provided to to be taken for such an influx of improve the safety within the colony area. buses at fixed hours. TABLE 2: COMPLIANCE OF THE PMCS COMMENTS (15TH SEPT 2010) Sr. No Comments of PMC Clarifications/Arguments . There is a need to revisit the The earlier comments are answered observations/comments provided appropriately and a compliance report for 1. earlier and if any doubt prevails the same is prepared and attached as then to seek clarification before appendix in the final EIA report. submitting the report. The second chapter needs 2. Done prudent editing. Analysis of Alternative needs to According to NRDA, no alternatives other be worked out as, also, pointed than the current ones were proposed for 3. out by W.B’s observation and Bus Terminals, Bus Depots, Bus Stops presented in a separate chapter. and Bus Routes. Public Consultation needs to be Public Consultation with the relevant presented. stakeholders like local residents, people residing near the terminals, commuters 4. from Raipur city, women commuters, students, etc. is conducted and presented in the EIA report. Chapter 4 should prudently give rational project specific data 5. Done rather than starting with definitions of the attributes. Chapter 5 ‘Assessment of Potential Impact & Mitigation measures’ & Chapter 6 6. ‘Environment Management Plan’ Done is weak and needs to be strengthened corresponding to data in chapter 4. Chapter 7, Summary & 7. Conclusions needs to be updated Done in light of the above changes. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 164 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 3: COMPLIANCE OF PMC COMMENTS (16TH NOVEMBER 2010) Sr. No Comments of PMC Clarifications/Arguments . Analysis of alternative has to be developed as discussed i.e., without/with project, trade-off 1. Provided Analysis of Alternatives between optional locations of any facility etc., leading to final selection. Public Consultation needs to be Annexure – V Proceedings of the Public 2. supported by necessary Consultation documentation. The Budget as discussed is erroneous and needs to be 3. Done brought in line with the desired Envionmental management. Chapter 1.2, Pg no. 3 Cover 4. facilities within BRT scope at Done Raipur, also. Chapter 2.7.1, Pg no. 12 Could we have a map in which various 5. Done BRT components are clearly shown. 2.7.2 Could you provide the figure 6. Done in the main text Chapter 3.0 Could we have short 7. discussion of applicable Environmental legislations Chapter 3.1 Do put the 8. Environmental Clearance for Annexure – I EC for Naya Raipur Naya Raipur in the Annex. Chapter 4.2 Could you provide 9. the Latitude/Longitude of the Provided project area. Chapter 4.3 Avoid giving 10. Done definition. 4.3.1 A Avoid giving definition and 11. Done keep historical data in Annex. 12. 4.3.2 Avoid giving definition. Done 13. 4.3.3 Avoid giving definition. Done 4.3.4 Keep explanations 14. pertaining to the table (bullets Done etc.) at the bottom of the table. 4.6.4 Are no. of streams crossing BRT corridor. If so, give name of 15. Done significant ones and chainages (where crossed by BRT corridor) EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 165 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Sr. No Comments of PMC Clarifications/Arguments . of others. Chapter 5 Could we have the analysis of potential Provided the attributes in the same order 16. impact/mitigation measures of the as in baseline chapter. attributes covered in the baseline and in the same sequence. Are you referring to area to be planted in the mitigation? Could 17. Provided you give the identified locations and the numbers too. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 166 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE VII ROAD NETWORK CONSTRUCTED IN NAYA RAIPUR Government of Chhattisgarh (GoC) has taken steps to develop Naya Raipur with completely sustainable infrastructure in place. The following road networks are in Phase I. The details of the road network are set out in the table below. TABLE 1 : DETAILS OF THE ROAD NETWORK NAYA RAIPUR Road Description Length Number of Lanes Numbe (Km) r 100 m wide Expressway joining 4 lanes with 1 NH-53 (including interchange) to 8.5 median entry point of Naya Raipur 100m wide road joining NH-53 to 4 lanes with 2 17.3 NH-30 via Capital Complex median 100m wide road joining 60m wide 4 lanes with 3 road to the south of transport hub 2.4 median to Expressway 100m wide road joining 4 lanes with 4 10.1 Expressway and Capital Complex median 100m wide road near Muktangan 4 lanes with 5 connecting NH-30 and North South 2.9 median 100 m wide road 60m wide road north of light 4 lanes with 6 2.4 Service Industries median 60m wide road additional link from 4 lanes with 7 North South road around Sendh 4.1 median Lake 60m wide road joining Expressway 4 lanes with 8 3.3 and Airport median 60m wide road starting from Westside 100m wide road, going around Capital Complex and 4 lanes with 9A 5.9 joining to the North of Commercial median Complex joining 100m wide N-S road 60m wide road starting from 4 lanes with 9B 2.3 Westside 100m wide road, going median EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 167 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Road Description Length Number of Lanes Numbe (Km) r around Capital Complex and joining to the North of Commercial Complex joining 100m wide N-S road 60m wide road joining south of 4 lanes with 10 Capital Complex and N-S 100m 4.2 median wide road 60m wide road surrounding educational complex/ Commercial 4 lanes with 11 3.6 Complex near health complex on median South Total length of roads 67.0 Source: DPR TRAVEL DEMAND ANALYSIS In absence of a Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study (CTTS) for Naya Raipur, the information collected from various sources such as Development Plan and Regional Plan is analyzed to delineate the traffic flow using transport models. Passenger trips are expected to be generated from the work/business trips, education trips and other/visitor trips. Trip detail is estimated using trip generation rates assumed based on the population, employment and area developed. The basic travel data obtained by assessing the travel characteristics, in this manner is the basis on which BRT System is designed. As per the development Plan, Naya Raipur is planned for a population size of 5.6 lakh people in 2031 and is estimated to have per-capita trip rate of 1.4. However, for study purpose, the per-capita trips performed by vehicular modes is assumed to be 0.8 (excluding walk and cycle trips). With this assumption, passenger trip is estimated separately by the trip purpose i.e work, education and other purpose trips. Based on the current assessment of development, the population anticipated in Naya Raipur in FY13 is 70,000 and employment of 31,000 of which the government offices will account for an employment of 7000. Also, about 75% of the projected population and employment targets for 2021 and 2031 will be realized by those timeframe. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 168 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Significant trips are expected from the surrounding area to Naya Raipur. Further, significant number of jobs in Naya Raipur would be served by non-resident population. The area was divided into 51 Traffic Area Zones (TAZs) in Naya Raipur, 34 TAZs in Raipur and 3 other TAZs. Apart from TAZs, various pick up points in Raipur, which will also form a part of the network corridor, are identified. The whole of Naya Raipur area is divided into TAZs as per sectors along with few other major areas of land use such as software Technology Park, integrated freight complex, Capital Complex, universities / institutional areas, industrial areas. The number of trips generated in each TAZ was assessed using the socio economic parameters of the TAZ. Model share on the basis of past studies and specific recommendations of Naya Raipur have been used. Modal Share The key transport service characteristics that influence choice of travel mode are identified and analyzed. In this regard, the modal share on the basis of past studies and specific recommendations of Naya Raipur is used. Modal share predicted amongst different modes in the Development Plan indicate that the share of trips by personalized vehicles and public/ intermediated public transport (IPT) account for 50% each respectively for inter-city trips. Larger modal share for public transit is assumed for intra–city trips also in view of proposed well networked facility. In case of intra-city and inter-city trips, the share of public transit could be 40%. The modal distribution assumed in general in case of inter-city and intra city is shown in the figures below: FIGURE 6 : MODAL SHARE IN INTER-CITY PASSENGER TRIPS EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 169 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY FIGURE 7 : MODAL SHARE IN INTRA-CITY PASSENGER TRIPS In addition, separate share of public transit system is adopted by purpose and travel pattern. Significant inter-city work trips are expected to be performed by public transit system due to trip lengths involved. Similarly, education trips are expected to be performed by school/college buses. It is estimated that the mass transit trip generation would be approximately 0.38 lakh trips per day by year FY13 and could grow upto approximately 1.73 lakh trips and 2.5 lakh trips per day by the year 2021 and 2031 respectively. Moreover, from the studies carried out for the BRT System in Ahmedabad, it is observed that there is a 32% modal shift from private to public transport vehicles in six months. Keeping in mind the BRT system proposed for the Naya Raipur with modal share of 40 % in the year 2031 the estimated bus passenger traffic demand along major corridors in the Naya Raipur is depicted below: TABLE 2 ESTIMATED BUS PASSENGER TRAFFIC DEMAND ALONG MAJOR CORRIDORS S. Passengers Per Hour Per Direction Traffic Flow Year No. (PHPDT) 1. 2013 800 – 1500 2. 2021 1650 – 6000 3. 2031 2400 – 7000 Traffic Assignment The travel pattern and routes are well defined within routes A1, A2, and A3 catering to Raipur and Naya Raipur trips, it is assumed that about 75% of trips EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 170 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY shall use A1 and A3 along NH-53 as NH-53 is being upgraded to 4 lane highway. Road number 2 and expressway via NH-53 are expected to serve majority of trips during the initial development phase. Route details for the corridor and travel demand for Naya Raipur are shown in Table 2-3 and Table 2-4 respectively. TABLE 3: DETAILS OF BUS ROUTES AND NETWORK CORRIDOR Bus Corridor Locations in Linking Locations in Naya Route Length Raipur Roads Raipur NH-53 – A1 18.0 Telibandh chowk Capital Complex Expressway NH-30 – A2 22.0 Santoshi chowk Capital Complex Khandwa Government A3 24.0 Housing Colony – NH-53 Capital Complex Telibandh chowk Nawagaon chowk – Capital Complex – A4 17.0 N.A N.A University Complex (NH- 30 Junction) Different sections of A5 8.0 N.A N.A Naya Raipur TABLE 4: TRAVEL DEMAND FOR NAYA RAIPUR (DAILY TRIPS) Bus Corrido 2013 2021 2031 route r Length Boardin PHPDT Boardi PHPDT Boardin PHPDT (Km) g ng g A1 & A3 18 & 24 44523 2214 205733 7306 221660 7515 A2 22 14841 738 68578 2435 147773 5010 A4 17 12915 644 42788 1429 78289 1674 A5 8 4305 215 28525 476 52193 1116 Total Boarding’s 76854 345624 499915 PHPDT – Per Hour per Direction Traffic Source: DPR To achieve efficient mobility and all round accessibility, primary network of the city would have to have public transit priority. The details of the BRT corridor are shown in Table 2-5. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 171 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY TABLE 5 DETAILS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRT LANES S. No Corridor Description Length (km) 1 Additional BRTS lanes along the 4-Lane Road 33.0 2 New Road Construction with Bus Lanes 7.0 Total length in kilometers 40.0 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM The estimated bus passenger traffic demand along major corridors in the Naya Raipur ranges between 800 to 1500 Per Hour Per Direction Traffic Flow (PHPDT) in the year 2013 and 1650 and 6000 PHPDT in the year 2021, it is likely to go upto 2400 and 7000 PHPDT in the year 2031. The demand is estimated for the Naya Raipur with modal share of 40% in the year 2031. The travel demand is estimated based on the envisaged land-use and likely travel pattern assumptions based on experience and the corridors already identified in the Development Plan. Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India suggests that the selection of transport system should be done with respect to the traffic demand and ground constraints. The guideline by MoUD is set out in the table below. TABLE 6 : GUIDELINES OF MOUD S.N Typical System Capacity (PHPDT) 1 Bus System (Mixed RoW) 4000 – 6000 2 Bus System ( exclusive right of way) 6000 – 15000 3 Mono Rail 15000 – 25000 4 Light rail transit system 15000 – 30000 5 Heavy rail metro system /Sub Urban 30000 – 80000 system 6 Suburban Electrical multiple units 30000 – 60000 The system capacity is planned to meet the traffic demand in Phase I to start with and will be augmented in subsequent phases to meet the development of Naya Raipur. The traffic demand along the major roads in Naya Raipur would be 12000 PHPDT in peak hours once all planned developments are completed. Hence, in terms with MoUD, a BRT System is proposed in Naya Raipur, which would connect Raipur and Naya Raipur and also serve the main corridors within. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 172 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE VIII CHAPTER 2: FIGURES FIGURE 8: LOCATION OF PICK UP POINT AT SECRETARIAT BUILDING EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 173 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ANNEXURE IX PLANTATION ALONG ROAD SIDE The design of right of way landscape and avenue plantation is done with a view to conserve, enhance and effective display of the urban and rural countryside through which the road passes. It shall improve the aesthetic and functional quality of the roads. The design has incorporated all types of vegetation suitable and tested in the area in different places, except herbs being short lived and demanding more maintenance. Types of vegetation used in avenue plantation and right of way landscape : Large Tree, Medium Tree, Small Tree, Shrub and Ground Cover. • Large Tree: A tree species that can attain a mature height of over 12 m. at maturity. • Medium Tree: A tree species that can attain a mature height of 8 to 12 m at maturity. • Small Tree: A tree species that can attain a mature height of less than 8 m. at maturity. • Shrub: A woody, perennial plant species, smaller than a tree, usually with several stems or trunks that can attain a mature height of 1.5 m to 8 m. at matuarity. Some can be grown as small trees if pruned properly. • Ground Cover: A herbaceous perennial plant species that can attain a mature height of less than 1.5 m. at maturity. TABLE 1: LIST OF SPECIES PROPOSED IN ROAD SIDE LANDSCAPE S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Satavar Satavar Withania G.C. somnifera 2 Leman Grass Lemon Grass Penisetum G.C. pedicellatum 3 Aakash Pushpa Duranta Duranta S.H. Repens 4 Rubber Plant Rubber Plant Ficus elastica S.H. 5 Pipal Pipal Ficus religiosa L.T. 6 Doob Doob Cynodon G.C. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 174 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 7 Vinca - Rosia Vinca - Rosia Vinca - Rosia S.H. sps 8 Pudina Mentha Mentha G.C. piperata 9 Ocimum Ocimum Ocimum sps G.C. 10 Seeta Ashok Ashoka Saraca indica M.T. 11 Amaltas Amaltas Cassia fistula, M.T. Spp. 12 Neem Neem Azadirachta L.T. indica 13 Vakul Moul Vakul Moul Mimosops L.T. Shree Shree elongi 14 Sulphi Fishtail palm Caryota urens L.T. 15 Putranjiva Luck bean tree Putranjiva M.T. roxburghii 16 Gulmohar Poinciana Delonix regia S.T. 17 Spathodia Fountain tree Spathodea L.T. Campanulata 18 Euphorbea Chrismas Emphorbea S.H. Flower pulcharima 19 Samaniya - Cassia samia S.H. Saman 20 Queens Flower Queens Lagerstroemia S.H. Flower flassigina 21 Imli Tamarind Tamarindus L.T. indica 22 Grliricidia Grliricidia Grliricidia M.T. masculata 23 Peltophorum Peltophorum Peltophorum S.T. enerme 24 Kadamba Kadamba Anthocephalus M.T. Kadamba 25 Grevillea Silver oak Grevillea L.T. Robusta Robusta 26 Makhan Ficus krishana Ficus krishana S.T. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 175 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 Katori/Dona 27 Colvillea Kilbili Colvillea M.T. Racemosa Racemosa 28 Parkiya Parkiya Parkiya M.T. biglandulusa 29 Pipal Ficus sps Ficus religeosa L.T. 30 Badam Badam Prunus L.T. emigdalous 31 Arjun Terminalia Terminalia M.T. arjuna 32 Ramkanta Prosopis Prosopis S.H. Babool julifera 33 Mitragyna Mitragyna Mitragyna M.T. parviflora 35 Amla Amla Phyllanthus S.T. emblica 36 Bael Bael Eagle S.T. marmelos 37 Harra Terminalia Terminalia L.T. chebula 38 Aam Mango Mangifera L.T. indica 39 Bargad Ficus Ficus L.T. benghalensis 40 Siris Siris Albizia lebbck K.T. 42 Baheda Ficus Terminalia L.T. bellerica 43 Jamun Syzigium Syzygium L.T. cummini 44 Kadamba Kadamba Anthocephallu L.T. s chinehsis 45 Karanj Karanj Pongamia M.T. pinnata 46 Kathal Jack-fruit Atrocarpus M.T. heterophyllus EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 176 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 47 Chatim Alstonia Alstonia scalris M.T. 48 Mohua Madhuca Madhuca M.T. indica 49 Bhindi Vriksha Thespesia Thespesia S.T. populnea 50 Jharul Lagrestromea Lagerstroemia M.T. speciosa 51 Spathodea Fountan tree Spathodea L.T. campanulata 53 Kusum Kusum Schalicherra M.T. trijuga 54 Rukhamani Ixora Ixora sps S.H. 55 Yellow Kaner Narium Narium S.H. odorum 56 Red Kaner Narium Narium S.H. odorum 57 Chandani Chandani Tabernaemont S.H. ana divaricata 58 Dwarf Kaner Dwarf Kaner Narium sps S.H. 59 Dhobi Dhobi Mussaenda S.H. ruteola 60 Ratanjot Jatropha Jatropha S.H. curcus 61 Gudahal Hibiscus Hibiscus S.H. rosasinesis 62 Adusa Adusa Adusa sps S.H. 63 Karonda Karonda Carrisa S.H. carandus 64 Palm Royal palm Oreodoxa L.T. regia 65 Lantana Lantana Lantana S.H. cammarra 66 Abuliton Abuliton Abuiton sps S.H. 67 Madhu Kumani Madhu Murrya exotica S.H. 68 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea Bougainvillea S.H. EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 177 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 sps 69 Dikamali Dikamali Dikamali sps S.T. 70 Acalypha Acalypha Acalypha sps S.H. 71 Pedilanthus Pedilanthus Pedilanthus S.H. sps 72 Parijath/ Parijath/ Parijath/ S.H. Harsingar Harsingar Harsingar sps 73 Codiam Codiam Codiam sps S.H. 74 Manihot Manihot Manihot sps S.H. 75 Pentas Pentas Pentas sps S.H. 76 Rambans sisal Agave Agave G.L. americana 77 Amltash Amltash Cassia S.T. 78 Euphorbia Euphorbia E. polychroma G.C. 79 Morpankhi Thuja Thuja S.H. oxidentalis 80 Mussaenda Mussaenda Mussaenda S.H. luteola 81 Cycus Cycus Cycus vanety S.H. 82 palm Date palm Cariyola vrens S.H. 83 Taberhaemonta Taberhaemont Taberhaemont S.H. na ana ana sps 84 Plumeria rubra Plumeria rubra Plumeria rubra S.T. 85 Jacaranda Jacaranda Jacaranda M.T. mimosifolia 86 Tecoma Tecoma Tecoma sps S.H. 87 Gandhraj Gardenia Gardenia sps S.T. 88 Bottle brush Bottle brush Callistomen S.T. lanceolatus 89 Allamanda Allamanda Allamanda sps S.H. 90 Nolina Nolina Nolina sps G.C. 91 Cuphea ignea Cuphea ignea Cuphea ignea S.T. sps EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 178 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 92 Phoenix Phoenix Phoenix sps S.H. 93 Jangali Jhau Casuarina Casuarina M.T. equisetifolia 94 Ashok (Ashupal) Pendula Ashok Polyalthia M.T. longifolia 95 Maharukh The tree of Ailanthus L.T. heaven excelsa 96 Golden Golden Ochna S.T. Champak Champak squarrosa 97 Hari Champa Hari Champa Artabotrys S.T. uncinatus 98 Marigold Marigold Tagets S.T. erecta/T. patula 99 Larkspur Larkspur Delphinium S.T. ajacis 100 Gerbera Gerbera Gerbera S.T. jasmesonii 101 Begonia Spp Begonia Spp Begnonia Spp S.T. 102 Jacaranda Jacaranda Jacaranda S.H. mimosaefolia 103 Champa Champa Michalia S.H. champaka 104 Nag kesar Nag kesar Mesua feria S.H. 105 Agastaya Agastaya Sesbenia S.T. grandifolia 106 Bakayan Bakayan Melia G.C. azedarech 107 Kapok Cotton tree Ceiba L.T. pentandra 108 Mahandi Mahandi Lawsonia alba S.T. 109 Gwarpatha Aloevera Aloevera G.C. 110 Cactus Cactus Cactus sps G.C. 111 Acalypha Acalypha Acalypha G.C. Hispids EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 179 NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY S.N. LOCAL NAME ENGLISH BOTANICAL TYPE OF TREE NAME NAME (SH,ST,MT,LT, GC) 1 2 3 4 5 112 Sane Sane Allamands G.C. eathartica EIA FOR BRTS IN NAYA RAIPUR C.G. 180