E574 v. 8 (revised) Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Urban Environment and Development Project Drainage Component Environmental Impact Report Ti anj in Academy of Environmental Science July 2002 FILE =O. Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Urban Environment and Development Project Drainage Component Environmental Impact Report 0 -.-L-As"i -A _ 1" Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science July 2002 Introduction 1.1 Project Background Tianjin is the 4th biggest city in China, ranking the 2"d in north Chinla. It had a perm-lanent population of 10,011,400 in the year 2000 and is one of the econolmlic and cultural centers in northern China, especially in the Bohai Sea Ring Region. Withl the rapid social and economic development of the city and the improvement in people's standard of living in recent years, the city has been generating and discharging mor-e sanitary sewage every year. Though various urban and environmental infrastructul-es have been built in succession, the investment in water pollution control facilities is far from sufficient and is lagged behind of the wastewater generation. Furthermore, years of draught has significantly reduced natural flows in rivers of the region, and thuls dilutioni and assimilative capacity in the receiving water bodies. As a result, the water- environmiiienit in Tinajin has been suffering serious pollution, affecting quality of life for residents of Tianjin as well as environrnental and ecological systems in the regioni. According to the statistics by relevant departments of the city, the anllual sewage discharge of the city was 599 million tons in 2000, but the treatment rate was only 45%. A large amloullt of sewage is directly discharged without treatment into the rivers of the Haihe River Basin (HRB) through the urban sewage system and then into the Baolhai Sea, resultilng in water environment deterioration in HBB rivers and the Tianjlll area of the Bohai Sea. At the same time, serious shortage of water supply compounided witlh water pollution also restrict the economic development of the city and improvemelnt of standard of living for the people. Clearly, water pollution and shortage of water resources are two key problems which must be solved by the Tianjin Municipality now. The Tianjin Municipal Government (TMG) has given these water polltion and shortage problems a high priority. Based on the national campaigns of Blue Bohai Sea Program, the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatmenit Plan and Tianj in's own Urban Master Plan which have been approved by the State CouLncil of tlhe People's Republic of China (PRC), the TMG has decided to initiate and implemiielnt Blue Water Project Plan in the year 2002. According to the Plan, RMB 17.51437 billion will be invested for nine environmental protection and water pollution control projects. Its goal is to protect the safety of domestic water supply, and ecological water- systemiis for the 10 million people in the city and to make significant improvement of the area water quality by the year 2005. The implementation of the Plan will contribute to controlling the pollution of the Haihe River Basin and the Bohai Sea, the urban water, ecological and sanitary environrments, the rational utilization of water resoLu-ces, tlhe sustainable development of the economy of Tianjin region and improvemenit of living1 quality of the people. Today, the Blue Water Project Plan has started and the Dagu canal dredging project, urban drainage network project, wastewater treatment plant project and sewage reuse project which are to be included in the Second Tianjil Urbanl Development and Environment project (STUDEP), to be partially financed by a World Bank loan are part of the Plan. The completion of the STUDEP will eventually beneFit the 10 million citizens of Tianjin and the over 100 million residents arounld the Bohai Sea Rim region. 1.2 Shortage of water resources and pollution of water environment in Tianjin 1.2.1 Shortage of water resources in Tianjin Tianjin is located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin and was once benefited from the rich water resources of the Haihe River in the past. Since the 1990's, howevel-, the river has experienced a sharp drop of flows from upstream due to the incr-ease in tlhe population within the basin, economic development and increase in water consumption. 1In 1983, Luanhe River Diversion Project was completed which introduces Luanhe river water to Tainjin and temporarily eased the water shortage in Tianjil. However, since available Luanhe river water was limited, water supply guarantee rate was low. Due to the draught from 1997 to 2001, the water stored in the Panjiakou Reservoir, source of the Luanhe River Water to Diversion Project, dropped to below the dead storage level. To solve the water shortage of the city, the Yellow River Water Diversion Project whiclh introduces Yellow River water to Tianjin had to start again in 2000. The shortage of water resources can be seen from a water supply and demand analysis for Tianjin for the years 2010 and 2015, according to the Tianjin Urban Master Plan, as shown in Table 1-1. Table I - I Conditions of Water Shortage in Tianjin (unit: 100 million In3) 2010 2015 Region 50% 75% 95% 50% 75% 95% guarantee guarantee guarantee guarantee guaranitee guaranitee rate rate rate rate rate rate Urban -9.61 -9.61 -11.93 -12.86 -12.86 - 13.68 Rural -1.165 -10.97 -15.443 -6.142 -12.19 -17.01 Total -11.265 -20.58 -27.373 -19.002 -25.05 -30.69 From the above table we can see that under these water supply guaranitee rates, water consumption in Tianjin in the future will face shortage. To make up for the insufficiency of water resources, to ensure the sustainable development of Tianjin and to improve availability of water resources to social and economic development, effective measures must be taken. These may include water conservationi, exploring other potential and diversified water sources, and accelerate the efforts for water division projects from the water abundant south China. Only by successfully implementing these measures, can the water resources of Tianjin basically reach a balance between supply and demand. 1.2.2 Pollution of water environment in Tianjin Major rivers and reservoirs in Tianjin include the Yuqiao Reservoir whichi is a mainl source of drinking water diverted from the Luanhe River, Beisanhie River water system, Yongdinghe River water system, Haihe River main stream water system, Daqinghe River wafer system, Zhangwei Nanyunhe River water system and others, making up the main and backup drinking water sources, agricultural irrigation water sources as well as the area's scenery and landscape waterbodies. Water quality of the river systems are monitored through a network of monitoring stations. The monitoring results have showed that among the 57 water monitoring sections in Tianjin, only the Luanhe River Diversion Project water meets Category III standards and a few which meets Category V standards, all others are belong to Category V (Figure 3.1.2-2). At these water quality levels, the rivers cannot meet the requirements for functional uses of the water bodies. Among the 20 water quality monitor stations in offshore area into the Roohai sea. only four reach the applicable standards for the areas. In the monitoring stations, inorganiic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and/or petroleum exceed the applicable stanidards (Figure 3.3.2-1). In particular, inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus exceed standards in a large area of the sea, resulting in eutrophication in these areas and red tide events from time to time. Today, there are a total of 8,054 waste water discharge outlets in the city, whicl discharge some 599.51 million tons of wastewater. Many years of studies have shown that the water environment of Tianjin mainly has seven problems, nanmely: (l) Water pollution of the Luanhe River Water Diversion Project: It is mainly due to the long distance and open channels nature of the Project, the lack of mainitenianice and repair of the hydraulic facilities of the Project and the rapid increase of the economic development in the upper reach areas. (2) Water shortage and deterioration of water quality thus caused: The water supply to Tianjin from upper streams flows into the city mainly during the flood season. Since the water storage capability of the city is poor, a very large portion of the water is discharged to the sea, resulting in water shortage in other seasons. The low natural water flows in the non flood seasons have very limited dilutioni and assimilative capacity, causing deterioration of water quality. (3) Water pollution of upstream water: In virtually all border sections monitored, water flowing into the Tianjin has been seriously polluted year round by the upstream activities. Accoriding to the monitoring results, water quality greatly exceeds tlhe applicable surface water standards. (4) Pollution of the main stream of the Haihe River: Starting in 1958, 1 00-plus big and medium-sized reservoirs have been built at the lower reaches of the Haihe River through the initiative of water retaining at the upper reaches of the Haihe River Basin, causing obvious reduction in water flows from upper reaches. At the same time, a large amounlt of urban storm and sanitary water from Tianjin is discharged into the Haihe River, water quality of the river deteriorates. In addition, because of the toxic substances accumulation in the sediment, secondary pollution may also occurs. (5) Shortage of water resources and water pollution lead to serious agricultural ecological problems: Tianjin is one of the largest sewage irrigation regions in thle countiy and has irrigated with sewage for nearly four decades. This affects the farnnlands and soil property of irrigated areas. (6) Sea environment: More than 80% of the pollutants received by the Bohai sea are discharged from the land. They mainly contain inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and petroleum based oil. (7) Excessive extraction of groundwater: Due to shortage of surface water resouL-ces, Tianjin has to extract a large amount of groundwater every year to make Lip for the shortage of water supplies. The over extraction has caused formation of hopper under the ground and subsidence of coastal tidal barrages, hence reduction in storm surge resistance. 1.3 Strategies of China and Tianjin Municipality on water pollution control in the Bohai Sea and Tianjin and their relations with this project 1.3.1 Haihe River Basin water pollution control plan In August 1996, the State Council promulgated Decisions on1 the Problems Regardinig Environmental Protection, which decided that "three rivers" and "three lakes" (The Huaihe River, the Liaohe River and the Haihe River and the Taihu Lake, the Chao11u Lake and the Dianchi Lake) as the national priority water pollution control and ancl improvement bodies. Under the Decisions, water quality of the Haihe River is required to be significantly improved and to reach the applicable national surface water standards. In June 1999, the State Council formally approved the Haihe River Basil Water Pollution Control Plan, based on which the Tianjin Municipality laid dowvn its owIn Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan, which requires that total CODcr load in 2000 to be 199,100 tons and that for 2010, 149,500 tons and that other pollutants should also be reduced accordingly. The implementation of the drainage network component of this project will help reduce the direct discharge of sewage in Tianjin along the Haihe River. The construction of the Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant and Hangu Yingcheng Sewage Treatmelnt Plant will help improve the sewage treatment rate of Tianjin and reduce the discharge of pollutants. The dredging of the Dagu Canalwill help reduce the pollutanits caused by thle re-suspension of sediment in the river bottom. The intermediate water reuse component in the eastern suburbs of Tianjin and Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant will recycle the treated wastewater to users, which can effectively lower the water consuLMptio, hence conserve water resources. In summary, the completion of the project will be part of implementationi of the Hailhe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjil. As suchI, it will contribute significantly to pollution control of the Haihe River Basin and improvement of surface water quality in the project area. 1.3.2 Bohai Sea Blue Sea Program Being a nearly closed, the Bohai Sea boasts an important strategic position in political, economic and social development in north China. With the rapid social and economic development along its coast, large quantities of pollutants have been discharged into the sea, which is to blame for the repeated occurrence of pollution incidents in the offshore sea area, continuous and serious deterioration of sea water quality and the marinie ecological environment. Excessive, disorderly development with little attention paid to natural resources protection has resulted in serious and worsening regional environumental problems. To halt the deteriorating environmental quality at the Bohai sea, the State Council has laid down the Bohai Clear Sea Program, based on which the Tianjin Municipality has also established its own Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianjiln. Based on the Tianjin program, the sewage treatment rate of Tianjin in 2005 should reach 80% (1.49 million tons/d) and the pollutants entering the Tianjin sea area from controllable non-point sources and river mouth should be cut down to 170,000 toins (CODcr), 19,400 tons (inorganic nitrogen), 880 tons (inorganic phosphorus) and 560 tons (petroleum), respectively. The construction of this project will greatly contribute to meeting these target of cuttinig down the total pollutants loads discharged into the sea and the completion of the two sewage treatment plants will increase the sewage treatment capability of the city by 350,000 tons/d, which will contribute to 62% increase in sewage treatment rate. In the meantime, they will greatly reduce the total pollutant loads discharged into the sea, thus contributing to meeting the target of total pollutant loads reduction as required by the Bohai Clear Sea Program. 1.4 Tianjin Clear Water Program To carry out the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjin and the Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianj in, the Tianjin MuLicipality has developed Tianjin Clear Water Program. The city has approvecl a detailed iiiplementation plan. The overall targets of the Program for 2005 are: - Significantly improve the water environment of the city. Water quality of 42 control/monitoring sections in the Haihe river systems will reach the applicable quality standards for the areas and 12 control stations in the offshore area of the Bohai sea, the applicable quality standards for the sea area. - The water quality at 96% of the drinking water sources will meet to the Category III standards or better. - The water body in the urban area of the Haihe River (upstream of the Erdao dam) will become clear and its key water quality parameters meet Category V standards; fI addition, 100% of the state controlled sections of water bodies will reachl their respectable water quality standards - The water quality of key irrigation rivers such as Yongdingxinhlle River will gradually reach the agricultural irrigation water quality standards as stipulated in the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Plan of Tianjin; - The standard exceedance rates of individual pollutant parameters in the offshore sea area will be controlled within the levels stipulated in the Bohai Clear Sea Progri-amll of Tianjin, namely, N: less than 60%, P: less than 60%, COD: less thani 90% and petroleum oil: less than 80%; - Urban sewage treatment rate will reach 84% and sewage reuse rate, more than 30%; - Total COD discharge will be cut down by more than 20% and unit GDP water consumption will be maintained to lower than the national average level. To achieve the above targets, Tianjin will carry out the following nine water environLment protection and pollution control projects: (1) Drinking water source protection project, which will mainly include water quality protection of the Luanhe River Water diversion project and countryside drinking water source protection project to improve the water quality along the Luanhe River diversion project. (2) Scenery water bodes protection project, which will mainly include the Haihe River urban section dredging project, Ziyahe River west dam downstream section remediation project, the Outer Ring River dredging project, scenery rivers water resources distribution project, etc. (3) Agricultural irrigation rivers protection project, which will mainly include the Dagu canal dredging and remediation, Yongdingxinhe River dredging, Duliujianhe River control, Jiyunhe River control, Tanggu River Course comprehensive dredging, irrigation river water resources distribution project, irrigation river water quality protection project, etc. (4) Offshore sea area water quality protection project. It will mainly include construction of ancient seaboard and wetland natural reservcs, ConIStruCltiol o T.liig-i District Lujuhe River Mesolittoral zone sea natural reserves, construction of Hangu shallow sea ecological system sea special reserves, construction of Dagang coastal wet land special reserves, construction of Baitang river- mouth sea special reserves, construction of Hahe River mouth ecological demonstration project, etc. (5) Centralized sewage treatment plants. This will mainly include 23 centralized sewage treatment plants to increase water treatment capacity by 2.342 million tons/day to ensure that the sewage treatment rate in the urban area of the city can reach 84% and that in small towns can reach 50%. (6) Sewage reuse project. It will mainly include the Meijiang Residential Quarter- inteimnediate water reuse project, Jizhuangzi recovered water agricultural ir-igationi project, eastern suburbs recovered water reuse project, TEDA recovered water reuse project, Ninghe recovered sewage reuse project, Dagang District recovered water reuse project, etc. (7) Urban area source pollution control project. This is to achieve separate stomn and sewage collection systems and alleviate the pollution of sewage to the water environment. (8) Countryside area source pollution control project. (9) Point source water pollution control project. This is to ensure the concurrent environmental protection and economic development. Today, Tianjin Clear Water Project Implementation Plan has been approved and some of the above projects have started. 1.5 The First WB Financed Project and its relation with this project Since the 1990s, Tianjin has taken the advantage of the first World Bank loan to build drainage projects to build new drainage facilities and improve the urban drailage system. These included six key projects, the Nanweidihe River remediation, abandoned Qiangzihe River remediation, Yueyahe River remediation, Jiefang South Road drainage, Tianjin Hotel Area drainage and Zhangxingzhuang and Yangzhuangzi drainage. Thanks to the construction of the above projects, the drainage capability of the Nanweidihe River, abandoned Qiangzihe River and Yueyahe River, has been enllanced and the drainage conditions in the low height areas along the rivers have been improved, and thus the reduction of ponding after rain storms. Storm water and sewage are separated in the project areas, which helps solve the sewage discharge in these areas and halt the trend of the environrment deterioration. After being completed, the projects have achieved expected positive impacts, which have in deed brought enormous benefits to the residents in the project areas. The project has been highly complimented by the citizens of Tianj in. The construction of the current World Bank financed drainage project is intended for expanding the scope of drainage system upgrading to further bring benefits to more people in additional those already benefited from the first project. Meanwhile, construction-of sewage treatment plants are also a continuation of the first World Bank financed project, as they will thoroughly solve the final treatment of the sewage collected in the drainage systems built by the first project. 1.6 Environmental assessment procedures (1) Composition of documents Based on the World Bank operational policy OP4.01, documents for environmiental assessment include environment impact assessment (EIA) report, enviroiinienital management plan (EMP) and executive summary (Table 1-2). Table 1-2 Composition of documents for environmental assessment Document Key contents EJA report Category A project: Environment assessment will investigate the potential negative and positive impacts of the proposed project on the environment, make a comparison with feasible alternatives (including the alternative of without the project) and recommend measures for preventing, alleviating or compensating for negative impacts and actions for improving the environment. a) Executive summary: Description of important discoveries and recommended actions. b) Policy, law and management provisions. c) Project description: A brief introduction to the proposed project and its geographical, ecological, social and time background, including investment outside construction site which is needed by the project. d) Baseline data: Determination of the area of the region under study and description of relevant physical, biological, social and economic conditions. e) Impacts on the environment: Quantitative terms should be employed as many as possible to express the possible positive and negative impacts of forecasted and assessed project and determine alleviation measures and other negative impacts which cannot be alleviated; Search for opportunities for improving the environment; determination and evaluation of the quality and scope of data used, important data loopholes and uncertainty in forecast and naming special topics which need no further attention. f) Analysis of alternatives: A systematic comparison of alternatives (including alternative of without the project) and the site selection, technology and design of the proposed project, as well as the potential impacts of its operation on the environment to alleviate the feasibility of impacts, funds needs and current expenses, adaptability under local conditions and necessary organizations, training and monitor. g) Environment management plan: mitigationi measures, environmental monitoring and institutional strengthening. Environmental Mitigation, monitoring and management measures needed during management construction and operation periods for preventing and mitigating plan negative impacts on the social and natural environments or reducing them to an acceptable level. a) Mitigation measures: Decide and summarize all expected negative impacts on the environment and describe each mitigation measure (including Classs of impacts related to it and conditions needed);. predict the effectiveness of these measures on the environlmenit and provide the relations of other alleviation measures needed by project. b) Monitoring: Specific description and technical details of monitoring measures, such as monitoring factor, methods to be adopted, sampling locations and frequency, test limits and data accuracy, monitoring and reporting procedures and evaluation. c) Capacity building and training: Evaluate the current situationi, duties and capabilities of local or consulting environmlienital organizations, recommendations for construction and development plan for employee training, detailed description of the arrangement and technical support of the relevant institutions, procurement of equipment and other necessary articles and change in organizations. d) Implementation plan and cost estimate for environmllental management. Executive A brief introduction to the project, summary positive and negative summary impacts of the proposed project and recommended mitigation measures on the environment and estimated residual impacts. (2) Requirements of the World Bank and Chinese authorities on environmllenital assessment Requirements of the World Bank on environment assessment are outlined in the Bank's Operational Policy OP4.01 and other safeguards policies. Requirements from Chinlese authorities are included in the Notice on Strengthening the Environment Impact Assessment Management of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations. Both requirements are similar, as briefly outlined in Table 1-3. Table 1-3 Demand of the World Bank and China on environment assessment No. Chapter Content I Introduction Origin and purpose of and strategic background to a project and environment assessment procedures. 2 Law, statutes and Law and statutes; an introduction to discharge impact assessment standards standards; check of ten safety policies 3 An introduction to the The geography, climate, social and economic features, water resources, Haihe River Basin, ecology, water resources and others of the Haihe River Basin (especially Tianjin, Dagu River and Tianjin) and the Bohai Sea; drainage conditions of Dagu River and the Bohai Sea Tianjin. 4 Current data Current conditions of the water quality in Tianjin and the offshore sea area of the Bohai Sea and environment data background values of construction area. 5 An introduction to the Project composition; dredging of the Dagu River and construction of project drainage pipe network, sewage treatment plants and intermediate water reuse project. 6 Analysis of alternatives Alternatives of site selection, route and sewage treatment. 7 Benefits within the Water quality, ecological restoration, conservation of water resources, scope of the basin public health, the Bohai Sea and other bvenefits 8 Impacts and mitigation Land acquisition and settlement, impacts on water system, air quality, measures impacts of noises and others on the public, impacts during construction period and alleviation, remaining impacts and risk impacts. 9 Sludge management Current conditions of solid waste management system, sludge management and disposal plan, analysis of alternatives, impacts of sludge disposal on the environment and alleviation and remaining impacts. 10 Public participation Methods and documents for two rounds of public participation, problems and focuses of public concern, reply and final acceptance by the public Environment Environment management system, environment monitor plan. management plan organization construction and training, expenses for environment management and alleviation measures and implementation plan. 12 Conclusion Problems discovered and summary of assessment. The initial environmental impact assessment report is a report requiring national agency review and approval. The key steps in the environment assessment are: Completion of terms of reference (TOR) for the environmental assessment, review and approval of the TOR by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), completion of the environmental assessment documentation, and review and approval of the documentation by the SEPA. 2. Law and standards 2.1 Environmental protection law and statutes The applicable laws for the project environmental assessment include: Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China on Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Noise Pollution Prevention and Contr-ol Law of the People's Republic of China on Solid Waste Pollution Preventioni and Control Law of the People's Republic of China on Marine Environiment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation SL(2001) No.124, written reply of the State Council to the Bohai Sea Blue Sea Program, Notice of the General Office of the State Council on approving the Haihe SGOL(1999) No.21, River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Damages to the Sea Environment by Seaboard Construction Projects No.253 decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China: Management Regulations on the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects. EM (1993) No.324, Notice on Strengthening the Environment Impact Assessment Management of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations WB Operational Policy OP4.01 and other safeguards policies (2000) No.28 decree of the Tianjin People's Government: Management Regulatiolns of Tianjin on the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects. JGI (2000) No.83 of the Tianjin People's Government: Notice on Printing and Issuing Blue Sky Project Implementation Plan Tianjin Urban Overall Plan Regulation of Tianjin on the Protection of Basic Farmlands Management Regulations of Tianjin on the Protection of Basic Vegetable Fields (1994) No.25 decree of Tianjin People's Government: Management Measures of Tianjin on the Prevention of Water Pollution JGI (2001) No.93: Notice of the Tianjin People's Government on the Prohibition of the Sales and Use of Phosphorus-Containing Detergents (2000) JGI No.60 of the Tianjin People's Government: Measures for the Managemiienlt of the Jhllle River and Other River Courses 2.2 Documents regarding environmental protection planning Documents of the Tianjin People's Government JGI (2002) No.9: Notice on kpproviiig an(d Referrinig the lImplementationi of the Blue Sky Project in 2000 vy tlh Environmental Protection Bureau of the City JEPG (2001) No.350 of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Tianj in: Letter on the Adjustment of the Plan for the Division of the Environmental Noise Standards Applicable Areas in the Urban Area of Tianjin Tianjin environmental protection lO'h Five Year plan and 2015 long-term plan The Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan of Tianjin The Bohai Clear Sea Program of Tianjin 2.3 Relevant technical documents (1) HJ/T2.1-2.3-93 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts of the State Bureau of Environmental Protection (2) HJ/T2.4-1995 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmelntal lImpacts * Sound Environment of the State Environmental Protection Administr-ationi (3) JTJO05-96 Standards for the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Higlhway Construction Projects (for Trial Implementation) (4) HJ/T19-1997 Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts * Non-Pollution Ecological Impacts of the State Bureau of Environmenital Protection 2.4 Project category and scope of assessment Based on relevant World Bank policies on environmental assessment classification, the environmental assessment for this project is Category A. With reference to the basic principles on classification environmental impacts assessment of the Technical Guidance for the Assessment of Envirornental Impacts, the assessment of the key environmental elements of the various components are rated as shown in the Table 2-4-1: Table 2-4-1 Classification of the Assessment of Key Environmental Elements Component Assessment Classification Air Surface water Noise Ecology Drainage system upgrading C C C and intermediate water reuse component Dagu Canal remediation C C C B Shuanglin and Yingcheng C B C Sewage Treatment Plants For the scope of assessment of the environmental impacts of the various components involved in this assessment (Table 2-4-2). Table 2-4-2 Scope of Assessment of Various Components Scope of special topic assessment during operation period Con structi on Component period Atmosphere Surface water Noise Ecology or solid wastes Scope of assessment of stink impact Scope of Drainage system S covers a square assessment is a transformation arthe a round antea (side Upper section of round area with and intermediate the area through length. 500m) the Haihe River pump station as which pipes run with pump Erdao Gate its center and \cater reuse (100 to 150m) station as its whose radius is center and 500m prevailing wind direction as its main axis. (I) Dagu canal It starts from the confluence opening between the Xianyang Road and MiyuLn Road Pump Stations and extends to the Dongdagu Pump Station, where it empties into the seaport, having a total length of 67.47km (The section from the Xianyang Road Pump Station to the confluence opening between the Xianyang Road and Miyun Road Pump Stations has been Dagu canal changed into square culvert during the construction of the Xianyang Road Sewage Plant ). i-emediation (2) Jizhuangzi River: It starts from the lizhuangzi Sewage Plant to Sihaofang in the Xiqilng District, having a length of 3.67km. (3) Xianfeng River: It starts from the Shuanglin Pump Station to the Jugezhuang Pump Station, having a length of 12.5km. The above three blowdown rivers have a total length of 83.64kni and involve the 500m area along their banks Scope of assessment of Within the stink (H2S and I OOm-wide NH3) impact Shuanglin and areas along the covers a square The receiving Im outside ihe Solid wastes are Yingcheng sewage main area (side section of the evaluated to the Sewage and trunk pipes length: 4km) Xianfeng boundary of the destination of Treatment and areas around with the sewage Blowdown sewage mud disposal Plants the site of the treatment plant River treatment plant path. proposed plant as its center and (within 150m). prevailing wind direction as its main axis 2.5 Assessment standards adopted in this project 2.5.1 Atmospheric environment Nuisance Odor Discharge Standards (DB12/-059-95), new revision, Class B; Environmental Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996 Class B; Designed Sanitary Standards for Industrial Enterprise TJ36-79 residential quarter; Technical Measures for Laying Down Local Atmospheric Pollutanit Discharge Standards GB/T13201-91; Boiler Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Standards JIN/DHJBI-1999. The specific standard limits are presented in Table 2-5-1. Table 2-5-1 Atmosphere Assessment Standards Concentration limit mg/ni3 tacaid No. Pollution factor Class Stancai-cs Hour Daily average I TSP Environment 0 30 2 SO, Environment 0.50 0.15 3 NO, Environment 0.24 0 12 4 CO Environment 10.0 4 0 5 Stink air Discharge 20 (transient) concentration Environment 20 (transient) DB I 9/-059/95 Discharge ~~~~~~I 0(boundary of 6 N 1-13 Dscharge plant) . _________________ Environment 0 20(one time) T.J36-79 7 H.S Discharge 0 03(boundary of DB 12/-059/95 7 HSplant) Environment 0.0 I(one time) TJ36-79 2.5.2 Water environment evaluation standards Quality Standards of Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewers GJ 18-86; Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards GHZB 1-1999 Class V; Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards GB8978-1996 grade B; Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standards GB5084-92. Specific limits of these standards are presented in Table 2-5-2. Table 2-5-2 Water Environment Assessment Standards mg/I (except pH) GB8978- 1996 class B GHZB I - I'()' No pollutant GJI 8-86 GB5084-92 Intended for Limit Class V I pH 6-9 5.5 -8.5 All sewage discharge units 6-9 6-9 2 SS 400 200(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatment 30 1_00(vegetable) plants in towns 3 COD,, 500 300(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatment 120 40 COD_, 500 150(vegetable) plants in towns 4 BOD 300 150(dry farming) Grade B sewage treatrncnt 30 10 BOD5 300 80(vegetable) plants in towns Ammonia 5 and 30 (Casparian nitrogen) Other units 25 niaiogen I nitrogen niIoe 6 phosphate 10 (total phosphorus) All sewage discharge units I 0(based phn 0 2 (total I I I ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P) phosphoruLs) 2.5.3 Noise evaluation standards (1) Noise standards for regional environment will follow the noise functional area standards of GB3096-93 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (Table 2-5-3). Table 2-5-3 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (Excerpt) Class Standard value (LAe, dB) During the day At night Class I area 55 45 Class 2 area 60 50 Class 3 area 65 55 Class 4 area 70 55 Note: Standards for Class I area are applicable to areas dominated by residential houses and cultural and educational organizations. The standards can also be referred to by a counltryside residential environment; Standards for Class 2 area are applicable to areas with residential houses, commercial and industrial enterprises and business downtowni areas; Standards for Class 3 area are applicable to industrial areas and Standards for Class 4 area are applicable to areas along the sides of trunk roads. (2) Noise standards for the boundary of industrial enterprises will follow GB 1 2348-90 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standards. Refer to table 2-5-4. Table 2-5-4 Environmental Noise Standards for the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (Excerpt) Class Standard value (LAe, dB) During the day At night Class I area 55 45 Class 2 area 60 50 Class 3 area 65 55 Class 4 area 70 55 Note: Division of various Class of areas is the same as that in (1). (3) Construction site boundary will follow GB12523-90 Building Construction Site Boundary Noise Limits and GB12524-90 Building Construction Site Boundary Noise Measurement Methods. Table 2-5-5 Equivalent Sound Level Limits for Construction Site Boundary Unit- LA dB Construction Noise limit Key noise sources stage Day Night stone work Bulldozer, excavator and loader 75 75 Construction Piling Piling machines 85 is forbidden Structure Concrete mixer, poker vibrator and 70 55 electric saw decoration Crane and elevator 65 55 2.5.4 Farmland soil environmental quality standards Fanrnland soil environmental quality standards will follow the grade B standar-ds in GB15618-1995 Soil Environmental Quality Standards. For TN, TP and organiic substances which are not stipulated in the standards, refer to the correspooling contenits in the soils of the Huabei Plain. Specific limits of the standards are presented in Tables 2-5-6 and 2-5-7. Table 2-5-6 Heavy Metal Limits in Soil Environmental Quality Standards mg/kg Item Hg As Cr Pb Cd Ni Zn j PH > 7.5 grade 1.0 20 250 350 0.6 60 300 B = | PH>6 5 grade 1.5 30 300 500 1.0 200 500 Table 2-5-7 TN, TP and Organic Substance Contents in Soils of the Huabei Plain mg /kg Item TP (ppm) TN (ppm) Organic substance ( %) . . lCommon . . om Range Rich soil soil Rich soil soil Content 440-1000 800-1100 350-650 1.1-11.5 1.5-1.0 2.5.5 Sediment environmental quality standards Sediment environmental quality standards will follow GB4284-84 Control Standards of the Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge. For TN, TP and organic substances which are not stipulated in the standards, refer to the corresponding contents in the soils of the Huabei Plain. For specific limits, refer to Table 2-5-8. Forecast and analysis of sediment EP toxicity will follow GB5085.3-1996 Standards for Identifying Dangelous Wastes - Identification of Leaching Toxicity, whose limits are shown in table 2-5-9. Table 2-5-8 Standards for the Control of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge mg/kg dry sludge Item Hg As Cr Pb Cd Ni Zn Limit PH<6.5 5 75 600 300 5 100 500 PH 6.5 15 75 1000 1000 20 200 1000 Table 2-5-9 Standards for Assessing Leached Toxicity in Sludge mg/I Item i Hg As Cr Pb Cd6+| Ni Zn Standard 0.05 1.5 10 3 0.3 10 50 2.6 Assessment periods Assessment periods include constructioni and operation period. For the operation perliod, the assessment years are set for 2010 and 2020. 2.7 Safeguards policies Based on the relevant operational policies of the World Bank, special attentioll should be paid to public interests during the construction of a project. This is also a focus of tlhe environmental impacts assessment by the Environmental Assessment (EA) team. Furthermnore, the EA team has also screened each of the World Bank safeguards policies to determine their applicability in this EA. The result of this screeninlg is presented in Table 2-7-1. Table 2-7-1 Summary of Safeguard Policies Review No. Safeguards policics Screening result I Environmental Assessment Assessment of the impacts on the environment has bee carried out, environment assessment report has bcen drafted. environment management measures have been worked out and work is under way for their implementation. Dui Ulg environment assessment, we found that two projects had hidden environmental troubles in termis of site selection and had changed their original sites Besides, xvcve also adopted new sites which are good to the environment 2 Natural habitat The project involves part of the ancient lagoon wet land natural reserves in Beidagang, Tianjin. It is the habitat of birds and aquatic organisms. The implementation of the project will have positive effects on it and is good to the survival of the animals and plants there. 3 Involuntary Resettlement Detailed project-related residents' relocation plan and compensation measures have been worked out, which have been approved by residents 4 Indigenous People Not involved in this project. 5 Cultural property On-the-spot investigation and document inquiry by environiiment assessment experts, cultural relic scholars and historians about the regions involved in the project have confirmed that there arc no historic cultural rclics and legacy in the area of the protcct 6 Disputed area Not involved in this project 7 Dam safety Not involved in this project 8 International water Not involved in this project 9 Forest Not involved in this project 10 Pesticide management Not involved in this project 3. Haihe River Basin, Dagu Canal, Bohai Sea and Hangu Sewage Reservoir 3.1 The Haihe River Basin 3.1.1 General situation of the Haihe River Basin Having a total area of 318,000 km2, 165 million mu of the cultivated land and a total population of 122 million, the Haihe River Basin is bordered by the Bohai Sea to the east, the Yellow River to the soutlh, the Taihangshan Mountain to the west and the Inner- Mongolia Plateau to the north, covering eight provinces, municipalities and autonomous region, including Beijing, Tianj in, most part of the Hebei Provinice, easterni part of the Shanxi Province, northern part of the Shandong Province and Henan Province and a small part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province (Figure 3. 1. 1-1). The Haihe river basin has three key water systems, namiiely, the Haihe River, Luanhe River and Tuhaimaxia River Systems. The Haihe River System, the dominant among the three, consists of the Jiyunhe River, Chaobaihe River, Beiyunhe River and Yongdinghe River of the northern system and the Daqinglhe River, Ziyahe River and Zhangweihe River of the southern system. The Luanhe River System includes the Luanhe River and the coastal rivers in the eastern part of the Hebei Province. The Tuhaimaxia River System is at the southern tip of the basin, being a plain river course that enters the sea alone. The Haihe River System passes through Tianjin municipal ity. During the 9th Five Year, the state initiated the "Three River and Three Lake" program and one of them is the water pollution prevention and control of the Haihe River Basin. Some of the components included in this project have been included in the Hai lie Rivelr Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan of Tianjin. The water sources of the Haihe River Basin have the following features: (1) Per capita water resources are low. The amount of the water resources in the Haihe River Basin is 40.41 billion m3 while population in the region totals 120 million, whiclh accounts for 9.7% of the population of the whole country. Its arable land is 166 million mu, accounting for 10.8% of the national total. However, its water resources accounlt for only 1.5% of the country's total. Therefore, it is a region where water resources, population and arable land are rather unbalanced. The per capita and per mu water- quantity in the Haihe River Basin are 340 and 240m3, respectively, less than 1/6 anid 1/8 of their respective national average, being the last among the key basins of the COunltry. (2) Great changes in water quantity. The surface water resources in the basin mailly come from precipitation. The distribution of precipitation in a year is rathel- concentrated with 75% to 85% of yearly total occurring in the four months (June to September) of the flood season. On the other hand, many rivers will have no natrlal flows and become dry following the flood season. The flows of the various riveer systems in the basin experience great changes each year and between the years. Tlle ratio between a high flow year and a low flow year is as high as 10 to 25 times. Therefore, water is often discharged into the sea during a high flow year or even causes a flood disaster. During a low flow year, however, water stored in reservoirs is limited little and water supply is insufficient. The geographic distribution of water resources is also unbalanced. Often Areas with rich surface water also have rich groundwater, while plain areas not only have limited surface water resources but also insufficienit Ir'ritndlwater. Sinice nlain areas often have an aivanced econoynv. it adds to thr ;dlrc:idv Inner Mongolia A . .\ . . . . . ....>.~~. ,.. . . . ....Q . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . XH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mai Sa Legend:T Academyof . . Reg . 4v-Type. V water.......... ...body Qai Bas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ShanZdoN Prvincem, /**:Y // ( %t 7; S~Typ fV wtr/ body Scienceiiace A~~~ ~yeVwae oyFgr 3:-1-1'-1X Watean Wtr ).~ ~Tp V.iu water body Quait of th Haih RierBai serious problem between supply and demand of water in the basin. (3) Distribution of water resources is unbalanced. Distribution of surface water anfc groulidwater in terms of region is rather unbalanced. Surface water is rich in the windwar-d slope of the Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain and gradually lowers in leeward areas and plain areas. The distribution of groundwater is also rathier- ulibalaniced, whose distribution is more or less the same as surface water (4) Development and utilization rate of water resources is high. The surface water- development and utilizationi rate in the whole basin has reachied 58% and that of groundwater is 73%. From 1953 to 1960, more than 20 big reservoirs and thousanlds ol small and medium-sized reservoirs were built, such as the Guantinig Reservoir, MiyLun Reservoi-, Huangbizhuang Reservoir, Gangnan Reservoir, WangkLual Reservoir-. Xidayang Reservori and Yuqiao Reservoir. In the meantime, big Yellow River Water Diversion for Irrigation projects were also built, such as the People's Victory Canal and Comimlunisimi Canal. After 1964, attention was paid to the dredging of the river CoLIrses at middle and lower reaches for preventing and fighting floods, and Ziyaxinhe River. Zlhangweixinhe River, Chaobaixinhe River and Yongdingxinhe River were opened up, \vhich changed the situation that the water systems would first converge In the main streamii of the Haihe River before emptying into the sea in the past. In late 1970s. Panjiakou Reservoir, Daheiting Reservoir, Luanhe River Water to Tianjil and Luanh1e River Water Diversion to Tangshan projects were built one after anothiel- to ease the contr-adiction between water supply and demand in Beijing, Tianjil and Tangshan Besides, key rivers have been equipped with check gates of various sizes, whlich contributes to the improvement in the capability of artificial control. 3.1.2 An introduction of Tianjin area in the Haihe River Basin 3.1.2.1 Natural environment of Tianjin (I) Geographical location Tianjin, one of the four municipalities directly under the centr-al goverinimlenit juLrisdiction, is a hub of sea and land transportation in northern China and the gateway to the nation's capital. It is located at the east of the Huabei Plain and on the lower reaches of the Haihe River basin, being at the foot of the Yanshan Mountain in the notlh and bordering on the Bohai Sea in the east. Its geographical coordinate lies between nol-til latitude 38°33'57 " to 40014'57 " and east longitude 116042'05 " to I 11803'31 . It rulis about 186 km from north to south and extends about 101km fi-om east to west. having total area of 11,919.7 km2 . Tianjin has a coastal line is totaling.3 km in length (2) Topography and landforms The topography of Tianjin becomes gradually lower from northwest to southeast. TI-o the northi of Jingshen Highway lie hills, which account for about 5% of the total city area, and elevation of mountainous regions ranges from 400 to 500 m above the sea level. The south part of the city is an open alluvial plain whose elevation ranges fi-om 3.5 to 50 m above the sea. Except the mountainous region in the northi of the Jixian County, where bed rocks are exposed, most land is very flat covered with a very thick cleposit of the Kainozoic era. The main trunk course of the Haihe river runs through the city and its urban area. The river banks land is low and flat, level of groundwater is high and soils are seriously salinlizecl. (3) Climate cind weather The clim-nate of Tianjin belongs to warm temperate and semi-damp continlelntal molnsooln climate. It has four seasons and obvious monsoon. For years in succession, its mean temperature is 12.50C and mean precipitation 559 mm and relative huLidiclity 61%. 1he meani wind speed in the central urban area has been 2.7 m/s for years in successionI alid the mean wind speed of its coastal region reaches 4.5 ni/s throughout the year. Its number of hours of sunshilne for years in succession is 2,613 hours. Fu-ther details of the climate information is presented in Tables 3-1-1 and 3-1-2 and Figul-e 3-1-2-1. Table 3-1-1 Mean Wind Speed Frequency in the Urban Area of Tianjin Winld direction N NNE NE NEN E ESE SE SSE Parameter Wmid Speed 3.6 3.0 2.7 3.7 3.8 3. 6 2. 3 2. I Mn/sI Frequency % 6 4 3 4 4 6 4 6 Wind direction S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW P~alameter Wind/speed 2.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.8 3. 6 4. 3 6 Frequency% 8 1 1 8 5 3 5 5 j 10 Table 3-1-2 Stability Grade and Frequency in Tianjini Region Grade A B C D E F Parameter Frequjency % 7.8 2.0 16.9 56.7 4.6 12.0 Figure 3-1-2-1 Wind Speed and Frequency Rose Figure of Tianjin region N NW/ 'NE WNW . - NEN W E WSW / ESE SW SE SSW SSE S Over the recent years, the climate in Tianjin has been experiencing abnor-miial chanetes. The temperature is on the rise and rainfall time and distribution are rather non0-Lullifollrm. Its huLnidity is highi, wind speed is low and number of hours of suLnshlille is oil the increase. In 2000, the weather in Tianjin maintained warm continuously and the meani temperature of the urban area in the year reached 13.90C, 1.60C higher tlhani previous years. In 2000, the precipitation in all parts of the city ranged from 253 to 607 mm. the mean precipitation of the whole city was 448 mm and the precipitation of the ul-ball area thl-ouglhout the year was 418 mm. The precipitation in July and August was relatively high, being 11 1.8 mm and 98.4 mm respectively. That in January ancl 1Februar-a \Vyas the lowest, being nil. In 2000, the annual average relative humidity ol the uLbani area w\vs 61% and the annual average wind speed 2. Im/s, 0.6 m/s lower thani in previous Vyearl\ average. In 2000, the mean number of hours of sunshine in the uL-bani area wvas 2.079.8 11ours/year. (4) Geological characteristics T-ianjini region is located to the northeast of the subduction zone of the HLuabei Plaill. Very thick Cainozoic Quaternary and Tertiary loose deposit layers are available. wvhich cover the layers of the Paleozoic erathem and Proterozoic erathemii. Tianjin is locatedl at the junictioi between latitudinal tectonic system and Neocathaysiani tectoniic svstelil. With a complicated base, the city has been attacked by earthquakes olteni. Its subduction zone is cut into sub-first rise and depression. 3.1.2.2 Currenit situation of the water resources in Tianjin 20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~o x tA o t Typ I wae bod cn ftt d eCS f ~~~~~~~~~NM Legend: Tianj in Academy of Type 111 water body Environmental Type IV water body --v Science Type V water body Figure 3-1-2-2 Tianjin Water System Type V-minus water body of the Haihe River Basin and Its No water Conditions of Water Quality Located at the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin, Tianjin has an extensive river- network and many depressions and shallow lakes. In the past, Tianjinl had a ricil incomilng flows through upstream rivers. The city is traversed by 5 water systems wlicih belong to the Haihe River Basin, namely, the Beisanhe River, Yongdlighie River, Daqinghe River, Zhangweinanyunhe River and Haihe River main stream. Amonig the water systems, there are 19 big rivers with a total lengthi of 1,095.1 km and 79 mediuLIM-sized rivers with a total length is 1,363.4 km. This World Bank Financedl project will involve the Haihe River main river course In the Haihe River System and the JiyuLInhe River in the Beisanhe River System. The Dagu canal is a drainage challilel artificially excavated and does not belong to the above water systems. The Haihe River main stream is formed by the lower reaches (from the Sancha river mouth to the estuaIry) of the Yongdinghe River, Beiyunhe River, Daqinghe River, Ziyahe River andcl Nanyunhie River, which are converged at the upper reaches of the Haihe River. In 1 983 when the Luanhe River Water Diversion to Tianjin Project was not yet complete, the Haihe River had been the water sources for ensuring the industrial and agricultuLal productioni and people's life of Tianjin. For details regarding the rivers in Tianjin, reler to Table 3-1-2-2. TIhe Haihe River Water System is a typical sector water system whichi is large in tipper reachies and small in lower reaches. In the past, floods and waterloggilng foughit with each other- for river course, making its lower reaches obstructed. However, its watel- resources fl-om11 upper reaches was abundant. From 1917 to 1958, the average run1of0fs of the maini streamils of the Haihe River was 6.74 billion m3 (max. 17 billion rn3/y and nmln 3 billion m3/y), which could completely satisfy the demanids for the indListrial andl agricultural activities and people's life of the city. Since the 1950s, a series of fo\\v control facilities had been completed throughout the basin to retain water in the upper reaches, dredge in the middle reaches and discharge in the lower reaches, which contributed to a great improvement in water conservancy conditions. Meanwhlile, due to the economic and social development and increase in population in the upper reaches. urbanizatioii picked up speed and water demand rose sharply. Nearly 2,000 bi,. medium-sized and small reservoirs were built at the middle and upper reachies of the Haihe River respectively, whose total capacity reached 110 billion ni3, thus imprvlillng the capability of retaining flood water and the utilization rate of water resources and alleviating the pressure of the floods at the lower reaches. This, however-, also caused a sharp drop in water entering into Tianjin municip4lity. Figure 3-1-2-3 presents a chart showling the fows of the past 40 years. FigLire 3-1-2-3 Annual Average Water Enterinig Tianjill The anilual distribution of the water entering Tianjin is unbalaniced. In 1996, water entering Tianjin totaled 8.357 billion m3, whereas that in 1993, only 527 million in'. The ratio between the two is 15.86. Besides annual distribution of water resoul-ces which is unbalanced, 70% to 80% of surface runoffs occur in the flood season and are discharged to lower reaches together with the sewage accumulated at the upper reacies, resulting in poor water quality. During the non-flood seasons, most rivers In Tianjill have no natural runoffs at the upper reaches and become water storage bodies, tlhus losing the ecological functions of the normal rivers. Tianjin has changed into a city lacking water from one rich in water resources. As sea water back flOws upstream causing the water for supply to the city being salinized. Water for agricultuL-e is in a seriouis sshortaQe and wetland area has been shrinking. The shortage of sii-face water has 2 resulted in excessive extraction of groundwater and subsidence of the ground. To solve the water supply problem of Tianjin, the Yellow River water was diverted to Tianjin five times, in 1972, 1973, 1975, 1981 and 1982 respectively. In Septembel- 1 983, the Luanhe River Water Diversion to Tianjin Project was complete. For guar-aniteeillg a rate of 75%, the Panjiakou Reservoir could deliver I billion m3 of water to Tianjin in a year. Due to various losses along the way, the net water from the diversion project entering the city was around 750 million m3, which helped ease the short supply of fi-esh water ofTianjin. Based on the statistics from 1991 to 1999 (Table 3-1-3), the annuLal average suLface rulloffs in Tianjin were 895 million n3, the annual average water entering the city \viS around 2.614 billion m3, water entering the city from the Luanhle River diversion project was 792 million 113 and anniual average water leaving, the city was about 2.384 billion ni3. Table 3-1-3 Statistics of the Water Enter-ing and Leaving Tianjin f'romli 1991 to 1999 Uniit: 100 mllillloln r11'' Yea 1991 1992 1 93 1994 1995 1996 1997 | 998 1999 Ax\ c ra.X c SuL-face riunoffs 12.86 6 05 3.75 9 55 20 05 15 13 2 79 9) 74 ( 67 S 5 Water entei g the city 19 09 S 30 5 27 31 43 38 41 83.57 12.88 21 7i 8 7(0 20 1 4 I Water- enterilng the city 5.29 9 31 8.23 10 22 8 50 6 .2 7 5S 7 (2 fiom the Luanhe River Water leaving the city 0 44 0.26 0.45 1 02 0 62 1 28 0 I5 08 (1 03 (153 ater- emilptyling Into th 17.41 1 40 1 34 29.37 49.88 84.59 4 95 I S 66 23 I I sea__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Note: Surface runoffs come from the natural rainfall of Tianjin; Water enter-ing(, the city refers to the water discharged from upstream following diversioni and retainin-l (excluding water from the Luanhe River); Water leaving the city refel-s to wvater mI the Jiyunhe River which passes through the Juhe River and then rulls into the Haizi Reservoir in Beijing. Tianjin has certain groundwater resources. Except some groundwate- in mounlltallious areas, most of the groundwater resources are buried deeply (more thani 1,000 im). The shallow groundwater (less than 300 m) is brackish which basically canllot be used. Based on the mid-term and long-term water supply and demand progr-am of Tianjill (from 1996 to 2000 to 2010), the city has a total of 817 million m3 of groundwater resources, of which 702 million m3 can be extracted each year (176 million nm can be extracted in the city). For the distribution of groundwater resources. refer to Table 3-1-4. Table 3-1-4 Distribution of Groundwater Resources in Tianjin Itemn Total amount of Amount which can Amount of Amioulit which can bc resources be extracted resources in the citv' extracted in the citv Central urban area 0.08 0.07 O.08 0 07 ot) l anggu District 0 2 0.17 0 iS ()S - Hangu District 0.1 0 09 0.07 0 06 > Dagang District 0.27 0 23 0.13 0 11 Total 0.65 0.56 0.43 0 32 Dongli District 0 14 0 12 00 00 ? 2 Xiqing District 0 25 0 21 0.14 0 12 Jinnan District 0.12 0.10 0 07 0 06 Beichen District 0 23 0.20 0.13 0 1 1 Total 0.74 0 63 0 42 036 Jixian County 2.41 2.07 0 13 0 11 Baodi County 1.94 1.67 0 42 0 40 WuLgrig County 1.28 I .1 0.37 0 32 Ninghe County 0.63 0.54 0 13 (0 II Jinghai County 0 52 0.45 0.16 0 14 Total 6 78 5 83 1 21 I OS Grand total of thc city 8.17 7 02 2 06 1 76 A suLmm11lary of the actual data on water resources from 1991 to 1999 shows that annual average surface runoffs were 895 million m , water enterinig the city was 2.6 14 billioin m3 groLidwater was 702 million m3 and water from the Luanlhe River was 790( million III . The total amount of water resources in Tianjin was around 5 billion m3 (It was a high flow year in 1996, when water entering the city reached 8.357 billion rn3. xwhich. however, could not be retained and used effectively. ) and per capita water resouL-ces \VCIc abouLt 521 ni3, being 1/5 of the average of the country. Tianjin has become an urball arca where water is in serious short supply. Based on the results of the assessment of water resources of the country, the amounlit of the surface water resources in Tianjin was 2.330 and 1.280 billion r3 and 495 miillioni il ' respectively when guarantee rate was 50%, 75% and 95%. For the conditions of tle \vater resources of Tianjin under different guarantee rates, refer to Table 3-1-5. Table 3-1-5 Composition of the Water Resources in Tianjill Year Guaranitee Amount of Water Amount Water Total Per- capita rate local surface entering of from the amlouLtl of water the city groundwa Luanhle water ter River resources * % 100 million m3 100 100 100 100 m-'/people million m3 million m3 million mi3 million i3 Level year 50 8.70 14.60 7.02 7.50 37.82 394 Low flow 75 5.50 7.30 7.02 7.50 27.32 285 year- Extremely 95 2.50 2.45 7.02 4.13 16.10 168 low flow year Average of years 9.86 18.74 7.02 7.92 43.54 454 Average from 8.95 26.14 7.02 7.92 50.03 52 1 19911- 999 * Per capita amount of water resources is based on the assumptioll that the population of the whole city is 9.6 million. The above data show that there is a very big difference between the anllual sur-face water resources in Tianjin and the differences can be as many as a billion or several 2 billion cubic meters. The geographical distribution of the water resoul-ces in the region Is unbalanced. The plain and mountainous regions to the north of the Yongdillglle River accoullt for 57% of the whole city, whereas its water resources accoullt for 67.8% of the whole city. The plain in which the southern system of the Haihe River is located accounts for 43% of the whole city, whereas its water resources accoullt for only 32.2% of the whole city. Due to the serious shortage of water resources, Tianjin is forced to irr-igate large areas with sewage. The total area of the arable land irrigated by sewage at the thl-ee largest irrigation areas, namely, the Beijing Sewage Canal, Bei(tang) canal and Dagu canal, is as higlh as 1.786 million mu (1.253 mu for the Beijing sewage canal, 184,000 mu for the Beitang canal and 349,000 mu for the Dagu canal). The total ai-ea of raw sewage irrigation is 666,000 mu (580,000 mu for the Beijing canal, 56,000 mu for the Beitang canal and 30,000 mu for the Dagu canal), accounting for 33.8% and 12.6%/, of the 5.29 miollio mu, the total area of irrigated land In the city, respectively. Besides the thl-ee se\vaue irrigation areas, such counties and districts as the Jixian Coultly. .linghai CouL1ty. Baodi County and Tanggu District also use sewage from sewage dischal-glilg canals/rivers. Hence, the total area of sewage irrigated land in the municipality has been mainitaining at about 2 million mu for many years, accounting for 3 7.S% of the 5.29 million mu, the total area of farmnland in the city. Sewage irrigatioll uses about 180 million m3 of sewage each year. The Tianjin Hangu Yingcheng Sewage Treatmiienit Plant in this project is to provide treatment to raw sewage before discharging into the canals wlhich are used for agricultural irrigation. It will also improve the curl-elnt situationi wvhere sewage stored in the Hangu Sewage Reservoir is directly dischar-ged into the Bohai Sea through the Yongdingxinhe River. And the constructioni of the Shuallglill Sewage Treatment Plant and Dagu canal remediationi will also greatly impr-ove the \water quality of in the canal and help improve the overall water quality conditiolns of the ilTigation systems. Anotlher feature of the surface water environment of Tianjin is that its water storage capability is very poor, which renders it impossible to retain effectively the water discharged from upstream during the flood season. While there are numnel-ous pits, pools, depressions and shallow lakes in the Tianjin area, there are only two big reservoirs which can serve the water supply system, namely, the Yuqiao Reservoir and Beidagang Reservoir. The normal storage capacity for regulation are 421 and 277 million m3 respectively. In a word, shortage of water resources and poor water retaining capability are among the key water environment problems of Tianjin. 3.1.2.3 Reusable water resources in Tianjin Regulation of natural flows are needed in solving the water shor-tage, but the most impor-tant solution is to diversify water sources. As fresh water resouLrces are limited and water diversion projects involving different river basins are enormllous witlh a long, construction period, wastewater treatment and recycling becomes a viable and effective measure as a part of the solution for shortage in water resources. Today, the daily sewage discharge alone in Tianjin ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 million rn'. By 2005, the city plans to provide 1.49 million m3/d of treated wastewater for reuse, 1.69 millioin m3/d by 2005 and 1.99 million m3/d by 2015. The Dongjiao Sewage Treatmenit Plant will plrovide 400,000 m3/d and the designed capacity of the Shuangliti Sewage Treatmlienlt Plant will be 200,000 mn3/d. Compared with surface water resouL-ces, reusable water CSoI-Irces are not affected by the weather, and thus reliable with hiclhl water suppl 2 guarantee rates. Tianjini is the first city in the country to divert water fi-om other river basils. TIhe Luanhe River Water Diversion Project has provided a stable and reliable water souli-ce for the city, eased the competing demands of water consumption between urball and rural/township areas, and supported the industrial and agricultural production of the city. In recent years, however, water from the Luanhe River has dropped gradually due to the reduction in precipitation and construction of water storage projects upstreamii. Fromii a long term point of view, the only way for fundamentally solving the water resour-ce shortage in Tianjin is the South Water Diversion to the North Project. At presenlt, the central goveniment has decided to carry out the project as soon as possible, but water from the Changjiang (Yangtzi) River cannot reach Tianjin within a short time because of the mega scale of the project, requiring very long construction period and high costs H[ence, Tianjil should give priority to regulate the river flows, to tap the potential fi-oml the existing sources, and diversify sources as interim solutions to the water shor-tage problemi. One of the advantages of diverting water from other basins is that the diverted water is of good quality, but its most serious disadvantages are the huge investment and energy consumptionl required. Researches have indicated that the capital investmiienat in construction of urban sewage treatment facilities to obtain reusable water is equivalenit that for a 30 km water diversion project. It is therefore obvious that sewage treatmiienit and recycle/reuse is more economical. Wastewater recycling has the following significance: Ease the water shortage: Water resources are in short supply il manay parts of the country and water distribution in the south and the north is unbalanced. The vast regionl in the north has been lacking water supply for many years and water shortage is very serious. The total area of regions suffering from a water shortage is about 580,000 km- and the per capita water availability of the region is only 1/5 of the national average. The per capita amoullt water availability in the Haihe River Basin (including Beijilg and Tianj'in) is 300 m3 only, accounting for 1/7 of the country's average. At present, more than 200 cities in China suffer from water shortage and over 40 suffer friom serious water shortage. Water is in short supply by more than 20 million m3 each day. Economic losses due to water shortage is about more than RMB20 billion each year Serious water shortage has become one of the key factors restricting social and economic development. At the same time, however, the country discharges 36.8 billion m3 of wastewater each year at present, equivalent to about 100 million m3 each day. TIhe wastewater treatment rate of in the urban areas is only 2.9%. Large amount of wastewater has been discharged into rivers, lakes and the sea without treatment or after only partial treatment, causing serious pollution in the receiving water bodies. According to a recent statistics, 82% (436) of the rivers throughout the couLntry have been polluted at various degrees and more than 65% of people have to drink polluled water. Water pollution is also to be blamed for the further deterioration of water shortage, as well as endangering the ecological environment, affecting people' life and physical healtlh and restricting economic development. To ease the serious shortage of water resources and serious pollution of the water environment, treated wastewater from the urban areas can be developed into a new water source for reuse in such sectors as industry, munllicipal works and agriculture. The reuse would save precious new and freslh water suL)ply, reduce demand for new water sources, ease the competing demanlds 2 for water resources between industry and agricultul-e and control the pollutioll ofwaler bodies. According to relevant government planning, the treatment rate of urban \vastewater will reach 20 to 30% in the year 2000. It means that treatmenit capacity will reach 20 to 30 million m3/day, indicating that 7.5 to 10 billion m3 of reusable water resources will be provided each year. Therefore, it is of great significance to streligthell recyclling and reuse of urban wastewater. It is also a strategic measure for solving the problems restricting the economic development and urban construction. Diversion of water from another place will cost huge investment and consume mucIh energy. The investimient in the water diversion of the Luanhe River Water to Tianjil Project and Yellow River Water to Qingdao Project ranges from RMB 1,000 to 3,000 Yuan/rin', plus water delivery costs, whicih are RMB I to 2 Yuan/mi3. But urbani wastewater is abundant and its quality is relatively stable. It is in the same place where it may be rcuseec and its treatment costs are much lower than those for water diversion. The investimienit for a wvaste\vater treatment project ranges from RMB400 to 600 Yuan/rin' water and treatments costs are typically less than RMB I Yuani/in3 water. After treatmeint, wastewater can be used as low quality water for industrial cooling or washing, mnti.icipal landscape, roads sprays, urban afforestation and other purposes, which can both ease the shortage of water resources and reduce water pollutioll. Besides, it can also improve the economilc perfonrance of sewage treatment plants (2) Contribute to comprehensive control of regional water pollution: Regionlal pol lutioll control and wastewater reuse involve collection and treatment of wastewater and i-euse of the treated water for non-drinking purposes, such as green area watering, indLustiy, cooling, recreation, toilet, cleaning in the city and agricultural irrigation in the rul-al areas. Suchi a comprehenisive control and reuse will promote the virtuous circle of the water maniagemilenit. (3) Conser-ve water resources and bring environmental benefits: wastewater treatmenit and reuse is a quality based water supply systems. The treated wastewater can eithel- be retuLr-ned to surface water bodies to be used again indirectly or to separate water supply pipelines for direct reuse. It not only eases the tension in the supply of new and freshi \vater in a city and reduces the loads of water mains and sewers, but also is a measuL-e for water saving. In terms of discharge, reuse of sewage both can reduce the pollutionl to the environment and promote the virtuous circle of water resources maliagemilenlt. Helice, wastewater recycle and reuse is an effective measure for.water conser-vationi aLid the environimental management. 3.1.2.4 Social and economic environment of Tianjin (I) Population in administrative areas With a total area of 11,919.7 kmi2, Tianjin municipality is divided into the ul-bani area, coastal area, new area and rural counties. Its urban area consists of six districts (Heping District, Hexi District, Hedong District, Hebei District, Nankai District and Honuqiao District), with a area of 239 kM2, coastal area, three districts (Tanggu District, Ha-angu District and Dagang District) with a total area totals 2,256.78 kmi, new area with foul districts (Beichen District, Dongli District, Jinnan District and Xiqing District) with a total area of 1,910 17 km2 and the rural area with five districts and coulities (WiqCing, District, Baodi District, Jinghai County, Ninghe County and Jixian Coulity) with a total area of 7,584.99 km2. By the end of 2000, the city has a permanent population of 10.0114 millioll and registered population of 9.12 million, with that 3.714 million in 1.28 househIolds in the SIX urban districts. Its annual natural population growth rate is 1.55%oo approxilrately. The population distribution of the city has the following feature: dense populatioll In the urban districts which support 41% of the total population with its 2.01% of the total land. Its population density is as high as 22,305 people/km2. The population distribution is unbalanced with low population density in the rural areas. (2) Econiomiiy Being the biggest open city in northern China, Tianjin is the economic center- of the Bohai Sea Rim Region. In 2000, its GDP totaled RMB163.94 billion Yuani and per capita GDP was RMB 17,940 Yuan/person. Being the birthplace of tie modern induistr-y of Clilina, Tianjin boasts a rich variety of industries. In 2000, there were 5,430 indIustrial enterprises with sales income above RMB5 million Yuan and its total industrial OUtpUt value was RMB260.638 billion Yuan. A lot of new industries and products have taken shape in recent years, such as mini-bus, color TV, motorcycle, refrigerator compressor-, elevators, seamless steel pipe, ethylene, electronic and communicationi equipment. Its hi-tech industry has enjoyed a rapid development and has accouLited for 24.2% of its total industrial output value. Hi-tech products are mainly found in electronics anc inforimiationi sectors. In addition, there are new materials, biology, medicinie, and ne\ ener-gy resources industries, etc. As a commercial port with a long history, Tianjin boasts an advanced comimierce, catering industry and service industry. The city has more than 40 shoppincg centers withi 2 area over 10,000 m . In 2000, its total volume of retail sales of consuLImption goods reached RMB73.663 billion Yuan. Today, more than 110 countries and regions have invested in Tianjill includiig Europe, Asia, America and Australia. The city has actually used US$31.346 billion of foreign i11vestmnent. With economic development, the living standards of the city's residents have also been raised gradually. In 2000, per capita disposable income for the residents in the city reached RMB8,141 Yuan, an actual increase of 6.8% than the previous year; per capita noniproductive expenditure was RMB6,121 Yuan, an actual increase of 5% than tlhe 2 previous year; and per capita housing in the city was 13.9 m (3) Construction of urban infrastructure With the continuous development of its economy in the recent years, Tianjil has increased its investment in its infrastructure. An urban road network consistinig of three ring roads and 14 radiating roads has been built in the city. During the 9 Five Year Plan period, Tianjin invested a total of RMB30.96 billion Yuan in its munlicipal and public infrastructures. By the end of 2000, 3,607 km of roads have been paved in the city with a total area of 41.61 million square meters. Taxis in service was 31,940 and public transit had 338 service lines, with a total service mileage of 7,714 km and tranisportationi volume of around 5.30 million people each year; Urban water drainage capability was 827 m3/s and there were 315 drainage pumping stations and 7,032 km of cdi-ainiage pipes. There were three big urban sewage treatment plants, with total treatment capability of- 850,000 tons/d. The strong increase in the municipal and public infiastructure of the city has contributed to the obvious improvement in its overall functionis and residents' living standards. Tianjin boasts an advanced education and culture. In 2000, there were 3,350 schools ofl all levels, where 1.6222 million students were studying. Among thiemii wvere 21 colleges uti Li s l l Fs.C I' 'S, iO'.! i1 i 7,700 ,tUd-2!l.i .tidi 69)0 1ii;iih SChuIO S \\ ii! rn flfl il&nI:,; 2 The admission rate of school age children reached 99.99%. The city has 549,800 professionial technicians, with 549 scientific and tecmnical personnel with each 10,000 general popLIlation or 2,726 scientific and technical personnel per 10,000 employees.. The city possesses 45 public libraries and museums and 9 TV stations. 3.2 Dagu canal and the drainage system of Tianjin The Tianjin Municipal Government proposed in 1957-58 Haihe river- remediationi to tackle the diminishing flow and deteriorating water quality in the main stream Haihe river. The plan included building tide control dams at the lower reaches of the H[aihe River for holding the fresh water flow from upstream and stopping the backflow saline water. As a result, the Haihe river lost some its drainage and flood discharge capability. Two dedicated drainage canals were thus built at the south and nor-tlh of the Ilaihe river respectively, to accept wastewater and part of the stonm water from the ul-ban area and the surface runoff from farmland in the suburbs. These are Dagu and Beitang calials whlicl \vere complete in 1959. In the meantime, the urban area was divided into five drainage systems based on the conditionis of original drainage facilities, distributioll of river courses, density of buildinigs and area topography, quality of pavement and other factors. They were the Xianyanig Road System to the south of the Haihe River, the JizhLianigzi Systeml, ShlLaniglin System, the Zhangguizhuang System and the Zhaoguli System to the east of' the Haihe River. After 1959, the Beicang Drainage System was created, which was the sixth drainage system. The six systems are also the foundationi for the constructiol of centralized sewage treatment plants. The Dagu canal (also known as the South canal) is mainly intended for accepting wastewater from the Xianyang Road System, the Jizhuangzi System and the SlhUangljin System. It starts from the Xianyang Road Pumping Station and extends to Sihaofang in western suburb, where the flow is merged that of the Jizhuangzi canal. The flow then passes through Paoshuiwa Pumping Station, where it is lifted and then flows throughl the Jugezlhuang Village in the east, where it is merged with the flow from the Xianfelln canal and is finally to the Bohai sea at Dongdagu in the Tanggu District. The main trullk of the Dagu canal is 71.2 km with its branches, the Jizhuangzi canal at 4 km and Xianfeing canal at 12.5 km. Today, the Dagu canal is still main wastewater drainage body for the Nanka Distr-ict, Heping District, Hexi District, Xiqing District, Jinnan District, Dagang District andc Tanggu District. As an important canal in the south of the urban area (south of Haille river), Dagu canal has made great contributions to the urban constructioll of Tianjinl and its economic development. However, due to the lack of maintenance and uipgr-adilng includinig systematic dredging, many engineering, technical and enviroinmenital protection problems have occur in the past 40-plus years.. The Tianjin People's Government has planned to use the World Bank loans to remediate the DagLi canal so that it conforms to the targets of the Tianjin Urban Development Master Plan. According to the Plan, Dagu Canal remediation is a system project. Besides dredgilln, wastewater treatment plants will be built along the river to end the dischargecd of raw wastewater into the canal and alleviate the canal pollution. The details of the wastewater treatment plants in the Dagu canal area are presented Table 3-2-1. Table 3-2-1 Plan for the Constructioll of Sewage 2 Sewage ~~~Legend: %e inhe Rt898t . /Beicang System Zhaoguli System * Xianyang Road System .,,,, \b / > Jizhuangzi System El Zhangguizhuang System Shuanglin System \ \I Blowdown River * Pumping station Sluice gate ff m ~~Haihe River tDn Tanggu Saltworks Bohai Sea <2Y / \ / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tianjmn Academy of Environmental 87 t 1 t ~~~~~~~~~~Figure 3-2-1 Conditions of the Dagu River and Treatment Plants along the Dagu Blowdown River Sewage treatment plant Treatment Planned time Remarks capacity of completion (10,000 ton/d) Xianyang Road Sewage 45 2005 Early stage work has Treatment Plant been finished. Jizhuangzi Sewage First stage (260,000 tons/d) has been Treatment Plant 54 completed and second stage is under construction. Shuanglin Sewage 20 2005 This WB loan Treatment Plant Xiqing Sewage Treatment 2 2005 Plant Jinghai Chengguan Sewage 5 2005 Treatment Plant Jinghai Daqiuzhuang 2 2005 Sewage Treatment Plant . Jinnian Sewage Treatment 5 2005 Plant Jinnan Zhangwo Sewage 2 2005 Treatment Plant Tanggu Nanpaihe Sewage 15 2005 Treatment Plant Dagang Chengqu Sewage 10 2005 Treatment Plant Dagang Zhongtang Town 1 2005 Sewage Treatment Plant Tanggu Donggu Sewage 10 2010 Treatment Plant Dagu Chemical Plant 5 2005 Sewage Treatment Plant Grand total 176 3.3 The Bohai Sea 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.1.1 Natural environment As a nearly-closed sea area, the Bohai Sea is almost an inland sea in China. The Bohai sea is surrounded by Liaodong peninsula to the northeast, Liaohe plain to the north, Laoxi mountains to the northwest, Huabei plain to the southwest, and Shangdong peninsula to the south. The Bohai Strait with width of about 57 miles is the only connection with the outer sea at the Huanghai Sea. Basically the line connecting the southwest corner of the Laotieshan Mountain at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula and the Penglai Cape at the northern tip of the Shandong Peninsula is the dividing line between the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea. 2 q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Zheng)da g di ogy"gUU8orgce9 iajm Aadmy o * ch o1'~~~~~~ guan in ~ ~ Yin Liaodbllg- igr 331 odiinso n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bohai Wa - Ith Bha Sa nd It mia o C~ ~ ~ ~ ~~erphr The Bohai Sea is located at 117°32' E in the west, 122°08' E in the east, 37007' N in the south and 40°55' N in the north. It is about 555 km from northeast to southwest and 2- about 346 km from east to west, with a total area of about 77,000 km .:lts coastlile is around 3,780 km long including about 3,020 km of land coastline and average depth is around 18 m with the maximum depth of about 80 m. The entire Bohai Sea consists of five sections, namely, the Liaodong Bay in the northl, the Bohai Bay in the west, the Laizhou Bay in the south, the central basin in the middle 2 and the Bohai Strait in the east. The Liaodong Bay has an area of around 18,000 kmil average depth of 22 m and maximum depth of 32 m. The Bohai Bay has an area of 2 around 12,500 km , average depth of 20m and the depth of the deepest depression of 26 m. The Laizhou Bay has an area of around 7,400 kM2, where water is shallow at average of 13 m. The central basin is the main part of the Bohai Sea, with its depth ranging from 20 m to 25 m and the maximum depth of 30 m. The Bohai Strait is the intersection between the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea. In the middle and southern section, the Miaodao Islands scatter longitudinally from south to north dividing the Bohai Strait into 12 water courses. Their width and depth vary from each other, but basically wider in the north and narrower in the south, shallow in the south and deep in the north. The Laotieshan Water Course in the north is the widest and deepest one, with the maximum depth of 80 m. There are 406 islands in the Bohai Sea, among which 268 have an area of more than 500 m2. They mainly include the Miaodao Islands, Changxing Island, Fengming Island, Snake Island, Xizhong Island, Juhua Island, etc. The Bohai Sea is a spacious shallow sea and there are shoals as well as hundreds of thousands of hectares of low-lying saline and alkaline land along its coast. It is one of the most active and valuable resources in the development and utilization of sea areas at present. Based on administrative divisions, the Liaoning Province has around 1,549.3 km2 of shoals in the Bohai Sea, the Hebei Province about 1,167.9 km2, Tianjin around 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 370 km2 and Shandong Province around 2,377.7 km . The Bohai Bay has a big area but a small mouth, hence poor sea water exchange capability. As for the time required for a complete exchange of the water in the Bohai Bay with the outer sea, there are different opiniOlns ranging from 16 years, 40 years or 160 years, none of which is the dominianit opinion. 3.3.1.2 Geology and landforms The Bohai Sea belongs to continental shelf and its landforms at the bottom of the sea are high in the west and low in the east, which slopes smoothly from nortlhwest to southeast and slopes from three bays to the center and to the Bohai Strait. The water depth is shallow from northeast to southwest and 26% of the sea area has a depth of less than 10 m. The inter-tidal zones along the coast of the three bays are wide and some can reach dozens of kilometers. The landform of the Bohai Strait rises and falls the most and submarine trenches as deep as 80m which have been washed by tides are available in some areas of the Laotieshan Water Course. The Bohai Sea is a Mesozoic and Kainozoic depressed basin and its basement is made of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The particle size of the superficial deposits at the bottom of the sea has the following features, namely, the particles all around the bays are fine and those on the central basin are coarse. The Liaodong Bay is dominated by coarse silts and fine sands. The Bohai Bay is dominated by silt sludge and clayey bed mud. The Laizhou Bay is dominated by silt sediments and the central basin is by silts and sands. The bottom of the strait is dominated by bed rocks which are exposed and thin layers of quaternary loose sediments are available at the bottom of the Changshan Water Course. The coast of the Bohai Sea falls into three Classes: sludge coast, bed rock coast and gravel .coast. Sludge coast can be found near the mouth of such big rivers as the Liaohe River, the Luanlhe River, the Haihe River and the Yellow River and bed rock coast can be found at the Liaodong Peninsula, the Changxing Island, the western part of the Shanhaiguan and along the coast of Penglai. At the mouth of the Yellow River, there are land deltas due to large amount of silts. Besides, slurry sedimentation areas, a peculiar delta landform, are also available. 3.3.1.3 Marine hydrology (1) Water temperature The water temperature of the Bohai Sea is greatly affected by the land and monsoons. In the winter, the average water temperature is I.2°C and that in the summer is more than 20°C. The temperature of the various water courses rises sharply in the summer. The temperature of the water on the surface course can reach 28°C and the isothermal line is roughly parallel to the fathom line. In the summer, the water temperature along the coast drops gradually from the coastline to the open seas and does not have a big difference between the north and south, rangi ng between 27°C to 31°C. In the winter, however, it is another story. When the water temperature at the coast is low while that in the opens seas is high. The isothennal line is roughly parallel to the coastline. (2) Salinity The factors which restrict the changes in the salinity of the sea water in the Bohai Sea are mainly related with incoming runoffs, evaporation capacity, precipitation, circulating currents, movement and growth and decline of water masses, etc. The average salinity of the sea water in the Bohai Sea is 30 x 103 . The salinity in the east is slightly higher (3 1 x 103 and above) due to the warm currents from the Huanghai Sea. That at the river mouth area offshore is low throughout the year, being less than 26 x 103 . And the salinity changes a lot within a year. (3) Tide The Bohai Sea is mainly dominated by irregular semi-diurnal tides, which are also found along the coast of the Laizhou Bay, the Bohai Bay and&the Liaodong Bay. The Qinlhuanigdao Island and some of the sea areas in the east and some of the sea areas to the south of the Shenxiangou of the mouth of the Yellow River are dominated by regular diurnal tides. Others are dominated by irregular semi-diurnial tides along theil coasts. The Bohai Strait is dominated by regular semi-diurnal tides. Besides, standilng waves present themselves as a rotary tide system around joints near the Qinlluangdao Island and the mouth of the Yellow River, fonning two no-tide points. The average tidal range along the coast of the Bohai Sea is from 0.70 m to 2.71 r1. That near the Qinhuangdao Island is less than 2 m and that at other places along the coast is about 3 m. The tidal range at the top of the Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay is the highest, being more than 4 m and 5 m respectively. (4) Tidal current The three bays of the Bohai Sea are all dominated by regular semi-diurnal tidal curl-relts. The sea area from the Liaodong Peninsula (the line between the Zaihe River and Shicheng Island is the demarcation line) to the Bohai Strait in the west is dominated by regular semi-diurnal tidal currents. The max. tidal current in the Bohai Sea is usually less than 2 knots, but the tidal currents in the Bohai Strait are veiy strong and can reachl as high as 5 knots in the north. Due to the topography, tidal currents form many vortexes at the Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and Laizhou Bay, which makes the tidal wave system of the Bohai Sea rather complicated. (5) Ocean current The Bohai Sea is mainly comprised of the Huanghai Sea warm current and coastal current systems. After entering the Bohai Sea, the warm currents along the coast of the Liaoning Province and the currents along the coast of the Huanghai Sea will converge with the diluent water from the Liaohe River to form cyclonic weak circulating currents. At the coast of the Shandong Province, the diluent water from the Yellow River ruslhes to the north of the Laizhou Bay, where it flows eastward to form anti-cyclonic weak circulating currents with counter currents entering the Laizhou Bay from the southern coast of the strait. Large amount of diluent water from the land enters the sea to mix with the sea water to form low temperature coastal current systems with low salinity, such as the Liaodong coastal currents. The intensity, size and growth and decline of these ocean currents are will change in different seasons and areas. (6) Waves The Bohai Sea is mainly dominated by wind waves, rather than surges. Wind waves reaches their peak in the winter, at Grade 3 to Grade 4. They range from Grade 2 to Grade 3 in other seasons. The average height of the waves in the Bohai Sea is aroulld 0.5 m, while The maximum wave height, from 3 to 8 m in the Bohai Sea, 4 to 5m in the Liaodong Bay, and around 3m in the Bohai Bay. The wave height along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula is higher, ranging from 7 to 8 m and is often more than 8 m at strait. (7) Water color and transparency Rivers emptying into the Bohai Sea carry large quantities of silts, such as the Yellow River and Liaohe River. Since there are many planktons, offshore sea water looks light yellow and yellow at the mouth of big rivers. Its transparency is about 2 m. In the central area of the sea area, the sea water looks green, with its transparency ranging from 5 to 10 m. 3.3.1.4 Organic substances and nutrient salt in the Bohai Sea Since many terrigenous substances are poured into the Baohai Sea and upcurrents are active, the primary and secondary productivity of the sea area is high. In average, the entire sea area contains an appropriate amount of phosphate, silicate and nitrate, three key nutrients. These nutrient contents are higher at the sea area along the coast. For instance, the content of phosphate in the Bohai Sea ranges from 0.40 to 7.09 mg/L, that of silicate at the mouth of the Yellow River ranges from 8 to 30 mg/L in average and that of nitrate in the offshore sea area in the Hebei Province ranges from 0.6 to 2.0 mg/L. Chlorophyll is an embodiment of the productivity of the sea. It ranges from 0.2'mg/m3 to 8 mg/im3 in the Bohai Sea and its changes with the seasons have two peaks. It reaches its peak in March each year and second peak in September and October. It becomes low in June and reaches the bottom in December and January. Converted into organic carbon, the primary productivity of the Bohai Sea ranges from 3 90 mg/(m3 d) to 112 mg/(m3Ad). It is the highest along the coast of the Laizhou Bai and the lowest in the Baohai Bay. The primary productivity in the sea areas of river mouth is relatively high. 3.3.1.5 Incoming rivers Rivers withinl the area, big and small, which flow into the Bohai Sea and Huaiglhai Sea are usually seasonal streams. In the summer, they have ample runoffs, which is malilly due to discharge of floods. In the winter, however, runoffs are little or even dried LIp with no flow. The rivers mainly include the Yellow River, the Haihe River, the Liaohe River Water System, the Luanhe River, the Shuangtaizihe River, the big and small Linghe River, the small Qinghe River, the Wulihe River, etc. There are 19 large rivers (drainage area larger than 500 km2) in Liaoning Province which directly discharge into the Bohai sea. They mainly include the Liaohe River, the Huitaihe River, the Raoyanghe River, the big and small Linghe River, the Liuguhe River, etc. The total drainage area of the rivers is 298,895 km2. The coast of the Bohai Sea has a drainage area of 220,410 kM2, accounting for 73.7% of the total area. The coast of the Huanghai Sea has an area of 78,485 kmi2, accounting for 26.3% of the total area. Their perennial average incoming runoffs reach 29.72 billion m3 and their perennlial average incoming sands are about 51.60 million tons. Thei-e are 47 key rivers along the coast of the Hebei Province. They belong to four water systems respectively, namely, the Luanhe River coastal single flow river, the Luandong coastal single flow river, the Luanxi coastal single flow river and Yundongzhuhe River. The Luanhe River is the biggest coastal river and the Zhangweixinhe River serves cas the boundary between the Hebei Province and Shandong Province. The perennial average incoming runoff of the coastal rivers is 5.22 billion m3 and perennial average incoming sands are 22.522 million tonls. The sands delivered by the Luanhe River account for 89.2% of the total. The sea discharging rivers in Tianjin mainly involve the six water systems (drained from by 19 rivers) in the Haihe River Basin, namely, the Beisanhe Water System, the Yongdinghe River Water System, the Daqinghe River Water System, the Zhangweinanhe River Water System, the Heilongganghe River, the Yundong Region Water System and the Haihe River Main Stream Water System. Rivers with single flow estuary are the Haihe River and Jiyunhe River. Their annual runoff reaches 15.4 billion 3 m. There are many rivers along the coast of the Shandong region which directly discharge into the sea, but most of them are seasonal ones. Their runoff is greatly affected by the seasons. Among them there are 19 key rivers. In recent years, the Yellow River, the biggest river, has experienced seasonal cut-off many times. In a normal year, its annual average runoff ranges from 18.7 to 88.8 billion m3 and its annual sand delivery ranges from 1.05 to 1.6 billion m3. 3.3.1.6 Natural resources of the Bohai Sea (I) Biological resources More than 600 kinds of organisms are present in the sea area of the Bohai Sea, among them are more than 120 kinds of phytoplankton, more than 100 kinds of pelagians, more than 140 kinds of intertidal zone zoobenthos, more than 200 kinds of subtidal zone shallow sea zoobenthos and more than 120 kinds of nektons. The annual primary productivity of phytoplankton ranges from 90 to 112 mg/m3 and its output ranks the top 3 in the four sea areas in China. The fresh weight of net primary productivity ranges from 144 to 178 million tons. Converted into the output of fish, it ranges fi-om 486,000 to 604,000 tons. Its continuous amount of fishing can reach 243,000 to 302,000 tons. The aLnual output of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea ranges from 8 to 9 millioni tons. (2) Marine fishery resources Fishery resources of the Bohai Sea fall into 5 families and 27 species and the Fishinlg area reaches 73,300 kM2, which mainly include the Liaodong Bay Fishing Grounld, tlhe Luainhe River Mouth Fishing Ground, the Bohai Bay Fishing Ground, the Baohai Sea Middle Fishing Ground, etc. Among the key resources are big and small yellow croakers, hairtail, mullet, Spanish mackerel, redeye mullet, Chinese herrinig, lefteye flounder, perch, prawn, shrimp, swimming crab, abalone, scallop, mussel, sea cucumber, blood clam, jellyfish, etc. Among the rare ones are Chinese prawn, stichopus japonicus, harbor seal, etc. (3) Shoal resources Spacious shallow sea and shoals are available in the Bohai Sea Rim region, which have great values and potentials for development, where a variety of marine industries can be developed, such as marine culture, baysalt, tourism and coastal engineering. According to the estimation by three provinces and one city, the Bohai Sea has 37,500kkm2 of(0 to 20 m) shallow sea and 5,466 km2 of shoals, where prawn, crabs, blood clam, oyster and other shellfishes, Tilapia mossambica, redeye mullet and other economical fish, kelp, laver and others can be cultivated. 3.3.2 Tianjin offshore sea area of the Bohai Sea The Tianjin offshore sea area is located at the bottom of the Bohai Bay. Its coastline starts from the mouth of the Jianhe River in the north and ends at Qikou in the southl, with a total length of 153.33 km. The coast is wide and straight at the bottom and its soils are dominated by wet land, salinized wet and moist soils and salinized soils. The elevation along the coast of the sea area ranges from 2 to 3 m and the width of its inter-tidal zone ranges from 3 to 5 km. Its soils are quatemary loose sediments, which form a typical silt coast. The sea area has a poor self purification capability. Based on the sea water quality standards and the requirements on the division of sea area functional areas of the state, Tianjin sea area is divided into class A, class B, class C and class D sea areas. Details are presented in Figure 3-3-2-1. 3.4 Hangu Wastewater Reservoir The Hangu Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant, a component of this WB financed project, is intended for treating the sewage from the urban area of Hangu district and the chemical section of the Tianjin Economic Development area which was originally discharged to the Hangu Wastewater Reservoirs to change the serious pollution of the Hangu Sewage Reservoir and serious deterioration of surrounding ecological environment at present. To protect the water quality of the Jiyunhe River, a depressed land about 10 km to the south of the Hangu District was converted into a wastewater reservoir in early 1976. In 1991, the wastewater reservoir was upgraded to include a pre-treatment oxidation pond. Water from the oxidation pond was discharged into a stabilization pond (the original wastewater reservoir). After the pond was completed, a test run was conducted. Since its treatment effects were not good, it has not been operated ever since. With a 3 m embankment (average elevation 5.38 m), the wastewater reservoir occupies an area of 3 00~~~~/~ 7 :~~~~~~~21 Legend: Tianjin Academy of El Type A sea area U Type B sea area Environimental ElType C sea area Type D sea area Science OUp-to-standard station 00ver-standard station Figure 3-3-2-i Bohai Sea Tianj"m Sea Area and its Water Quality Conditions 2.98 million m2 and can store 5.60 million m3 of wastewater, at the average depth 2 m. In April 1976, the wastewater reservoir formally accepted the industrial and domestic wastewater from the entire district which was lifted by pumping stations and transmitted through underground pipes. When the Jiyunhe River could discharge floods during flood season, the gates would be lifted to release the wastewater into the river, where it would be discharged into the sea together with the natural flow in the river. At present, the gates and overflow pipes of the wastewater reservoir have been obstructed due to serious sludge sedimentation and accumulation, whlich should be solved immediately. The current water quality at the entrance and exit of thle sewage reservoir are presented in Table 3-4-1. Table 3-4-1 Water Quality Conditions of the Sewage Reservoir in 2000 Unit: mg/I, except PH Item Entrance Exit Mean value Pi Standard valuc PH 7.06 7.85 7.46 0 23 6-9 Permanganate index 401.2 624.2 512.7 - - Dissolved oxygen Undetected Undetected - - - Amimionia and nitrogen 38.6 24.0 313 1 25 25 BOD 543 550.3 546.7 9 11 60 COD 1891 1248.4 1569.7 10 46 150 Arsenic 0 073 0.066 0.070 0 14 0 5 Cvanide Undetected Undetected - - - Cadmium Undetected Undetected () I Bacillus coli >2.4X 104 > 2.4X X104 _ From the above table we can see that among the pollutant parameters in the Hangii Wastewater Reservoir, ammonia and nitrogen, BOD and COD exceed standards with BOD and COD substantially exceed standards, at 8.11 times and 9.46 times respectively. Effective measures must be taken to keep it under control. Current situation of sediment Table 3-4-2 shows the sediment monitoring data of the wastewater reservoir in 2001, which were collected by the Hangu District Environment Monitor Station. Table 3-4-2 Current Heavy Metals in Sediment of the Wastewater Reservoir Unit: mg/kg Station Entrance Center Exit Item Hg 2.37 0.94 1.53 Zn 101.20 84.34 110.84 Sulfide 1887.86 322.58 767.05 To compare, the mercury concentration in the crust is 0.08 mg/kg and background mercury concentration soils ranges from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg world wide, with the median at 0.06 mg/kg. Only a trace of mercury can be found in unpolluted sediment, but the mercury content in polluted sediment can be as high as dozens of milligrams per 3 kilogram. Among the three points of the sewage reservoir where sediment has been sampled, mercury content at the entrance is the highest (2.37 mg/kg), whiclh is obviously higher than the mercury content in the background soi]ls and exceeds Grade C standards for soil. So the sediment has been polluted, but not very seriously, whichi is mainly because that Tianjin Chemical Plant has invested a lot in mercury control in recent years. Such effort results in the drop of mercury content in discharged wastewater and reduction in its deposit in the sediment of the wastewater reservoir. (Note: Sampling depth is 30 cm and the mercury content in deep sediment should be higher than this monitoring results from earlier time deposition). The zinc content in the crust is 70 mg/kg and the zinc in the background soils raniges from I to 900 mg/kg worldwide, with the median at 90 mg/kg. If a water body is polluted by heavy metals, zinc content in sediment will be higher than in soils. Amolng the three points of the wastewater reservoir where substrate has been sampled, zinlc content at the exit is the highest (110.84 mg/kg), which can meet the requirements of Grade B standards for soil, indicating that the sediment of the sewage reservoir has not been obviously polluted by Zn. Sulfide content in unpolluted soils and sediment is very low. The results of this sediment sampling monitor shows that the sediment of the wastewater reservoir has been seriously polluted by sulfur-containinlg organiic substances. 3 4. Project description 4.1 Basic description of the project The drainage component of the second WB Financed Tianjin Urban Development and Environment Project includes the following subprojects: Dagu Canal remediation, drainage pipe network upgrading, Shuanglin Wastewater Treatmenit Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant construction, as well as the wastewater recycling in the Eastern Suburb Wastewater Treatment Plant and Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. The specific composition are shown in Figure 4-1-1 geographical location, Figure 4-1-2. panchang and Beichang Are 3 tN |drainage (Ist stage) 0 g o9 ~~Fukang Road southward draing o 0 gproject ranSoutheni sobrb beyoind draueagn 0mirgjet proj |Da u Canal conitrol| Shutangzin WastealcteroTetl n q ShuanginP sWastewater Treat e Yingcheng Wastewater Treatmeni Plant Eastern Suburb Wastewater Treatment Plant intennediate wate reuse project Shuanglin Wastewater Treatmenit Plant intennediate water reus CD vroject Figure 4-1-1 Composition of the drainage component The basic description of the subprojects are presented in Table 4-1- I. r 1 Map of China 2Map of Tianjin City 3 Geographical Location of the Project Legend: OWater Discharge Area of Tianjin (DShuanglin Sewage Treamn Plant and Shuaglin Intenmediate Water Reuse Subproject Tia nj irn mental @Y;ngeiheg Sewage Treatmient Plant Constucion Subproject Science @Eostmn Suburb Sewage Treatment Plant Intermediate Water Reuse Subproject Figure 4-1-2 Geographical Dagu Blowdown River Control Subprojeet Location of Tianjin Second W B . Financed Project Drainage - Xianfeng Blowdown River Control Subprojeet (Subproject of the Dagu Blowdown River Component Control Subprojeet) - lizhuangzi Blowdown River Control Subproject (Subproject of the Dagu Blowdown River Control Subprojecl) 4-1 Table 4-1-1 Basic Description of the Drainage Component of Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Development and Environment Project Shuanglin Yingcheng Dagu River Drainage pipe Wastewater Wastewater Inteimediate Subproject network Treatment Treatmenlt control construction Plant Plant water reuse construction construction Within the drainage area of Eastern Suburb Location Along the Nanchang, The Jinnan Hangu and Shuanglin Dagu River Beichang, District Disctrict Wastewater Fukang Road Treatmenit Plant and Shuanglin One Wastewate One r treatment Wastewater rpteatent treatment : Dredging of :Rain water and plantl plant (daily Two ofstructuresastetoswathietnjrn tonsjandmtatonsan Dredgng ofe (derteauilay Twoiayppeie the Dagu Wastewater treatment teatment intesiediate pipes and capacity Cotent River and pmping capacity 1pwateri treatm-rient Content transformation pumping 200,000 150,00 stationss antd of structures stations within tons) and tonls) anid auxiliary along the river dranae ahreas auxiliary uiir'pplie draiage reas pipelines pipelines ppeis and and pumping pupn Investment (10,000 38531.28 76210.28 59000 29869.15 7268.44 Yuan) WB loan (10,000 16183.14 32008.32 24780 10325.45 3052.74 Yuan) Time of completion 2008 2005 2005 2004.9 2008 4.2 Project introduction 4.2.1 Dagu Canal Remidation 4.2.1.1 Existing conditions of Dagu Canal For years, the Dagu Canal has been discharging wastewater from the south of the Haihe River in the urban area of Tianjin. It has long been lacking of maintenance. The river course is seriously accumulated with sediment limiting waste discharging capability. Furthermore, the sludge at the bottom of the canal is seriously polluted. Based on the preliminary investigations of and research on the sediment of the canal, the sludge can be divided into slightly polluted, moderately polluted and seriously polluted. These sludge categories are about 60%,30% and 10% o the total, respectively. Affected by the tides from the Bohai Bay, the contents of heavy metals (chromium, mercuL-y and arsenic) in the sediment at the lower reaches of the estuary of the Dagu canal are lower thanl thle standard values in the Standards for the Control of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge. Contents of zinc and nickel all exceed the standards. The max. zinc content exceecds standards by more than 3 times and the max. nickel content exceeds standards by over 60 times. Copper and cadmium exceed standards seriously in some areas. 4.2. 1. Dagu Canal remediation subproject (I Purposes To meet the planned targets for wastewater reuse and discharge, to convert the wastewater into usable resources, to improve the quality of living and residential environment, to improve urban and rural landscape and to improve the ecological environment of farmlands and the water quality of offshore sea areas near Tianj in. (2) Scope of engineering work I ) Dagu Canal: From the intersection between the Xianyang Road Pumping Station and the Miyun Road Pumping Station to the estuary of the Dongdagu Pumping Station (total lengthi: 67.47km). 2) Jizhuangzi Canal: From the Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant to the Sihaofanlg in Xiqing District (total length: 3.67km). 3) Xianfeng Canal (Shuangju Canal ): Frm the Shuanglin Pumping Station to the Jugezhuang Pumping Station (total length: 12.5km). The total length of the above three canals to be covered by the remediation plan is 83.64 km (Figure 4-2- 1 - 1). (3) Key engineering design parameters 1) Discharge volume Urban area. Xianyang Road drainage system 164.25 million m3/a J izhuangzi drainage system 197.10 million m3/a Shuanglin drainage system 73 million m3/a Total amount of discharge in the urban area 434.35 million m3/a Moderate and light rain (Xianyang Road) 158.63 million m3/a Suburbs: Xiqing District. 9.49 million m3/a along the Dagu canal and Jizhuangzi Canal Jinnan District. 49.17 million m3/a along the Dagu Canal and Jizhuangzi Canal Tanggu District. 7.48 million m3/a along the Dagu Canal 2) Water consumption along the project area Xiqing District. 42.72 million m3/a j/ Legend: I / - ~~~Work location USludge filling yard Eastern Su P'. i'- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Available sewage treatment ______________________ ~~ ~~~plant 0 Sewage pumpipng sain Check gate TWaU~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i ~~~~~~~River course NOW Put ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~Taj Academy of Environmen I tal Science Figure 4-2-11 Conditions - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~of the Dagu B lowdown River ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~Subproject 4-3 Jinnan District. 38.50 million m3/a (3) Actual discharge volumes: Table 4-2-1-1. Table 4-2-1-lActual Amount of Discharge of the Dagu Canal Non-agricultural Agricultural Section Name irrigation period irrigation period (m3/s) (m3/s) Upper Sihaofang 11.46 11.46 reaches Middle Jugezhuang 13.77 8.77 Lower Dagukou 15.27 10.04 reaches (4) Designed flow and sections: Table 4-2-1-2. (5) Key contents of the subproject The subproject mainly involves five components: river course dredging, embankment upgrading, protective lining, structure improvement, pumping station reconlslLrIction and transformation (Tables 4-2-1-31 4-2-1-4. 4-2-1-5): Table 4-2-1-3 Key Quantities of River Course Dredging and Construction Item Total Where sludge Mud Mechanical c .r - n suction Mud I c - - Type dredged excavation Unit I °0,00m3 I 0,00Om3 10,000m3 Machine I 0,00m3 10,00Om3 10,00G113 shift Quantities 230 112 118 6720 63.2 36.3 71.5 Table 4-2-1-2 DesigpAd Flow and Secions oftld)e Dagu Canal System Lao WafrdqW h Bcmcdih s-ie Rirkuxndew (m) Cil (~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oaT m) ltMv3s(m (m) 1 x()R funh A k EWat~Tm atPht-u 3673 6.25 2 6 1: 2 1: 49-1.0 4 4 RirgRo8iNo13bti* Xff& ugi lg<15 23 5-10 i 2 1: 10000 0.02-125 4-5 4-5 RS hXiancandtXwrgRcod ftnaSMiwaRdiTRoaIrg 9164 521 2 6 1: 2 1: 2000 -02-0.67 4 4 Sum-l RERdNh13h* CArRigRao lN13i -Pah 3958 11.46 22 8 1: 2 1: 15000 -128--154 4 4 Da>jCrd Fg 20545 1146 25 8 1: 2 1: 2500 034-0.48 45 45 X 1h " SRg D[pRg 3(e) 13.76-2136 25 15-20 1: 2 1: 30000 -04&-157 6 6 Du VRn#*gSJmw-g * 2810 2810 25 2 I 2 1: 30()0 -157-16 6 6 5 Table 4-2-1-4 Quantities of Embankment Backing, Protective Laying and Structure Transformation Railway Bridge and Dischiar Item Embankimient Slope Slope routong repair natural Pipe ge gate Type backing excavation filling ste and gas siphoning, aquedLu pieces etc service bridge ci serv ice Uniit I 0,000m3 10,000m3 10,000 10,00Cm, 100 piece In Piece rn ~~m Quanititie 83.64 8.6 5.16 8.52 1.23 9 3868 5 There are three mid-way lifting pumping stations along the Dagu Canal, namely, the Paoshuiwa Pumping Station, Jugezhuang Pumping Station and Dongdagu Pumping Station. Built in 1958, the Paoshuiwa Pumping Station can no longer meet the needs of normal operation. This pumping station will be rebuilt. Built in 1981, the Jugezhuang Pumping Station has six 36WZ-82 horizontal 99 mm axial flow pumps, among them three were put into operation in 1985 and the other three were put into operation in 1988. The current installed capacity of each pump is 2 m3/piece and the total flow of the six pumps is 12 m3/s. The Dongdagu Pumping Station now has eight water pumps, among which five are 36WZ-82 vertical (900mm) pumps, each with a flow of 2 m /s. It also has three 40ZLB (1000mm) pumps, each having a flow of 3 m3/s. The total flow of the eight pumps is 19 m3/s. Jugezhuang Pumping Station and Dongdagu Pumping Station are still in relatively good conditions, with no need for rebuilding. However, the Jugezhuang Pumping Station and Dongdagu Pumping Station are supplied by agricultural electricity and are all equipped with single power source, which cannot ensure power supply reliability. (6) Construction plan The detailed work plan for the project components are presented in Table 4-2-1-5. N Work Content Quantity 0 I River course Dredging sposh and some hard Sposh: 1.783 million r dredging sludge Hard sludge: 411,00 3 2 Sludge Movable belt pressure filter to Around 500,000m3 dehydration dehydrate sludge whose water content is more than 80%. 3 Sludge disposal Banking, use by greenery patches, pileup nearby and filling on filling yard and appropriate afforestation along the banks of river course. protective stone pieces. Only slope is laying protected, rather than the bottom. 5 Structure Construction of culvert pipe and transformation tube and alteration of three culverts over the Jizhuangzi River into bridges. 4.2.2 Drainage network construction 4.2.2.1 Existing discharge conditions in the project area Due to historical reasons, different systems exist in the original drainage system of the urban area of Tianjin, such as those in the old urban area system, the concession area system and industrial area system, which intersect with each other with disordered layout. After 1949, especially in the recent years, the government has made upgrading several time based on proper planning and unified layout. A systematic drainage system is being formned (includig Beicang, Zhaoguli, Zhangguizhuang, Xianyang Road, .Jizhuangzi and Shuanglin drainage systems), as shown in Figure 4-2. Although the systems have taken shape, their mating capability still needs to be improved. The Nancang and Beicang subproject in this project is located at the northern part of the city, to the south of the Outer Ring Road and in the Beichen District, as a part of the Beicang Drainage System. Since storm water during the flood season has no outlet in the area, it has become one of major ponding areas of the city. Since its pumping station and outlet pipes are obstructed, ponding during raining season often causes stonrn water and wastewater to mix on the ground and untreated wastewater is discharged into the Beiyunhe River. The Fukang Road subproject is located at the southwestern part of the city and in the Nankai District, as a section of the Xianyang Road Drainage System. Storm water system is unavailable in the area and its wastewater system is incomplete. The Southern Suburb subproject is situated at the in the Hexi District in southeast part of the city and is a section of the Shuanglin Drainage System. Discharge outlets are unavailable in the area, where wastewater from factories is directly discharged into the Changtai River and then into the Nanweidi River. From there it is discharged into the Haihe River during the flood season together with the wastewater and storm water from the area. Since storm water discharge capacity during the flood season in the pipe network construction area is inadequate, three ponding areas (Nancang and Beicang area, Fukang Road area and Suothem Suburb Beyond area) are formed, which mix with wastewater, far exceeding its wastewater discharge capability available to the area. Comparison and analysis made by the Discharge Management Section of the Municipal Works Bureau and the Wastewater Monitor Station with years of observations show that the storn water pumped and discharged by pumping stations from the ponding on the Fukang Road and areas outside the Southern Suburb account for around 24%, 25% and 26% of the ponding. Hence, significant amount of wastewater overflows and mixes with ponding water. . For the results of the investigation on the Key Pooling Conditions within the Project Area, refer to table 4-2-2-1. Table 4-2-2-1 Statistics of the Key Pooling Conditions Affecting the Areas Attached Drawing No.1 Schematic Drawing of Tianjin Drainage Beicang System v Legend:,,a Tianjin Academy * Scp of project of Environmental glu Systemol progecScience Figure 4-2-2-1 Scope of Drainage Pipe Network Construction Subproject 4-5 Nancang and Beicang Southern suburb area Fukang Road area Beyond area Rainfall 30-50 30-50 30-50 intensity mm Areas around the Near the Party Pooling . . School to the south Areas arou.nd the 2 location Beicang Hospital at of the Fukang Dongting Roacd the Beicang Road Road Pooling area 20000 200000 24000 4 Pooling 30-40 40-50 40-50 depth cm 5 Time of fall d 2-3 4_5 3-4 6 Frequency/a 3_4 3-4 3_4 7 One time 7000 90000 10800 pooling 8 Annual total 24500 315000 37800 pooling Entering the Beiyunhe Entering the Haihe Entering the 9 Water River from the River from the Haihe River from direction Fengchanhe River.Fukang River the Nanweidilhe Fengchanhe River Fukang Rlver River 4.2.2.2 Pipe network construction Based on the Tianjin Master Plan and the plan to create separate storm water and wastewater separation systems, to discharge storm water into nearby rivers and to collect and treat wastewater in wastewater treatment plants, Tianjin plans to implement this project to improve the quality of the water environment in the urban area and the Bohai Bay. The scope and contents of the three subprojects are presented in Tables 4-2-2-2 and 4-2-2-3 and Figures 4-2-2-1 to 4-2-2-4. Table 4-2-2-2 List of Pipe Network Construction Project Rain water system Wastewater system Pumping station No Pioject Collecting area . Collecting (construction and River coursc Ppelpine (im) (ha ) Pipelne( m ) area (ha.) alteration) Construction of Tiedong Road Pumping Station, Nancang and River-Crossing Dredging of the I Becang 30585 753.52 19495 2209.12 Pumping Station Fengchanhe project and the Wastewater River pumping station at the east of the Gaofeng Road Construction of Yingshui Road Wastewater 2 Fukangproad 26230 275 14485 1494 Pumping Station, project ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Congming Road Wastewater Pumping! Station i.Wu L 1 TanBeacnPa~tFa'ty cca I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I Legend ,Tianjin Academy Jg~ Scope of project > ;of Environmental Proposed pipes -Science © Proposed pumping station * Sampling point Figure 4-2-2-2 Conditions of the Nancang and Pipe length: m Beicang Area Work of the Drainage Pipe diameter unit: rnm Pipe Network Construction Subproject 4.6 and the Outer Ring Road Piin1ping Station SoLIthern SLibur-b 32200 234 tS 708 234 Dongting Road Beyond Pumpinig Station Project 4 Grand total 89015 1262.52 49688 3937.12 Table 4-2-2-3 Pipe Construction Conditions of the Project Pipe Pipe diameter Length of proposed Others (mm) pipe (m) D300 58645 D400 1556 D500 2592 D600 5210 D700 2110 D800 5507 Inlet pipeline D9000 4053 All pipelines will be DIO0O 3450 reinforced concrete D1200 5345 ones. D1300 1900 D1400 1832 D1500 7176 D1600 646 D1650 6685 D1800 5940 D1960 2652 D2000 840 D2200 6120 Grand total 138703 4.2.3. Wastewater treatment plants Wastewater treatment plants to be financed by this WB loan are the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant, which will all use SBR technology for wastewater treatment. 4.2.3.1 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Following the completion and start of the operation of Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant and Eastern Suburb Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Xianyang Road Wastewater Treatment Plant is now under construction and a 100,00 tons/d wastewater treatment plant is also being planned for the Beicang Drainage System. This project will construct the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant, a part of the Shuanglin Drainage System. Located at the southeastern part of the city, the Shuanglin Drainage System is one of the six key drainage systems of the city, serving an area of 2,700 ha. It is expected that it will discharge 182.500 tons of Wastewater each day by 2010. Based on this, it has been decided that the scale will be 200,00 tons/d in 2010 (near future) and 300,000 tons/d in the future. As a backbone component in the Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Planning of Tianjin, Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant is a part of the Legend: Available pipeline Proposed pipeline * Proposed pumping station Pipe diameter unit: mm Pipe length: m Dongling No.2 Bndge :DntgN. ng B idge Zh 7_;f g.aiang B dgep Tianjin Academy of _~tAI~S =='Envirommental C/31 ~~~~~Science __e Figure 4-2-2-3 _ - e s>,s- uConditions of the Southern RK ~~Suburb Beyond Work of the ________ ;CZW9PWU3li a =ttDrainage Pipe Network ______ . . . _ _ . _ . ; . . -. ,9 _ Construction Subproject 4-7 S 0 7O_ 82m30 097s @ S 00-415 I-tl o , C1r@ ,o WaterP :z - 4 exrn o~~~~~~~f t a-*i l -~~~~~~~- t ~~F Scp ofpoec cdeyo * Propo- sed p n st F 4-2-2-4 n X D Q=10. ,Cmofs C th g RodD (D-'~~~~~~- am Tiedr 01 4 _ ~~~ : * fiNewCiiy~~~~GaJ i Legend: | fiTi anj i n O ~~~Scope of project |Academy of I ~~~Environmental Proposed pipe |Science * Proposed pumping station |Figure 4-2-2-4 0 Proposed pipe| Conditions of the Fukang Road * Proposedplpe | Southward Work of the Drainage Pipe diameter unit: rmm| Pipe Network Construction Subproject 4-9 environment component of the Second WB Financed Project. Its construction will help further control the wastewater discharged to the Dagu Canal. Treated wastewater which reaches applicable standards can be reused for agricultural irrigation and cultivation of the fishery industry and road spraying and afforestation. The plant wil help end direct wastewater irrigation and improve the water environment of Tianj in. Construction of this treatment plant will improve the municipal infrastructure in the city, enhanice the city's wastewater treatment capacity and people's living quality and make it possible to provide hundreds of millions of tons of quality water to the agricultural industry each year, hence great social and environmental benefits. Table 4-2-3-1 Engineering Data of Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant No. Item Unit Figure I Scale 10,000 tons/d 20 near future and 30 future Technology Biological phosphorous 2 removal and nitrification technologies 3 Area Ha. 18.9 near future and 31.5 future 4 Permanent land acquisition Ha. 1 9 5 Service scope Ha. 2700 6 Population served 10,000 people 42.6 7 Wastewater amount within t/d 18.25 (2010) the service area 8 Auxiliary pipeline M 9640 9 The Songjiang road Pumping M3/s, 1.4 Station < 9; -\m! m l L~~~~~~~~~~~~aiig Road f vrs X sv- !-\N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - )f X, - -4 Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant . Legend: j Tianjin *1 Scope of water collection Academy of Environmental ©> Proposed pumping station Science * Available pumping station Figure 4-2-3-1 Scope of Water Collection of Shuanglim Sewage Treatment Plant - Water quality monitor point and Its Location 4-10 Table 4-2-3-2 Engineering Data for Pipes outside Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Pipe Pipe diameter Length of proposed Others (mm) pipe () Inlet pipe DIOO 900 D1300 580 D1400 1000 D1500 3060 D1650 1200 D2200 2900 Grand total 9640 4.2.3.2Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant The scale of the Hangu Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant is 150,00 t/d in the near future (2005) and 200,000t/d over the long term (2010). It is one of the key projects In the Water Pollution Comprehensive Control Planning for the coastal district. Today, an urban integrated wastewater treatment plant has been built in the area and four additional wastewater treatment plants are being planned. The Yingcheng wastewater treatment plant will be construction to mainly accept the wastewater from the urban area of the Hangu District and the chemical industrial zone of the Tianjin Economic Development Area. It is located in the long strip between the Jiyunhe River and the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir which is 15 km from the urbani area of the Hangu District. The construction site of the project is now an abandoned oxidation pond. The construction of the treatment plant will greatly reduce pollution loads to surrounding rivers, groundwater and the Bohai Bay suffered during the development of the Hangu District and the chemical industrial zone. It will be part of Tianjin offshore sea area total organic load control program and will improve the water quality of the Jiyunhe River. The treatment plant will contribute to the pollution control of the Haihe River Water System and prevent groundwater pollution and protect groundwater quality. In addition, the treatment plant will contribute to the alleviation of eutrophicaiton of the Bohai Bay sea area, protect marine resources. As a result, Yingcheng wastewater treatment plant will help create the environment for business operation and outside investment to the Hangu District and the new coastal region. The treatment of wastewater will allow water recycle and reuse in the Hangu District and the chemical industrial zone. Thus the project has significant social and economic benefits. Table 4-2-3-3 Engineering Data for the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant No. Item Unit Figure 1 Scale 10,000 tons/d 15 near future and 20 future 2 Technology SBR -____-_________-___ Legend: 402 No. Name No. Name 101 Inlet piunp room 204 Digestion basin 105-1 \ ) 102 Spiral flow desilting 205 Sludge 405 ~~~~~~~~~~" ~~~basin dehvdrator room 201-1 0 Q 0 103 Water distribution 206 Sludge drying 1 ________~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ meterinp, tanik unlit 104 Primary 207 Transported 105-2 sedimentation tank sludge drying 10s Biological reaction 301 Miarsh gas tank _ cabulet 107 L A I106 Reflmix and 302 Marsh gas fire 5011 Q . O O Llt09-2 I lO IlO Chremaining sludge cabinet pump 'well 107 Blo1ver fan room 401 Bicycle shed 102 Secondary 402 Reception office 109-I _ sedimientation tank _ _ 1053 I 109 Coontact tanik 403 Boiler room and 4-111101 _____________ bath room 2DI-12 O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C)109-2 II tt Chemical 404 Machine repair O® Li _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~phosphorus removal roomiand 105-4 1, III Chlonnation room 405 Comprehensive ____office building 201 Primary sludge 406 Dining roomi 202 Sludge concentration 407 Garage F20-1 ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~basin I 203 Sludge control tanik 501 Power trarformatoio and distribation FM31 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~substation Tianjin Academy' of S 207 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Environmental Sci'ence 0 0 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Figure 4-2-3-2 0302 204-1 204-2 204-3 1 Plan Lay out of Shuanglin Sewvage Treatment Plan 4-11 1:1000001 ? I&l HangDWt I411 Na 1pumpng stain / /$7 tr z>g~b a ( ~O V __fa; I*A~---- PdI AItematWe sit ty / t.^5,.< ~No.4 pumpin 7on :~- t inghengRese v ir/ /Y ,YfimgS feng Se~Treabtmeiat Pla.lI (II /Io \Ie ,Tm Ch engnRuau f; , I _,. Legend: Tianjin Academy of * Scope of water collection Environnental © Proposed pumping station '- - Science --- Proposed pipe Figure 4-2-3-3 ALocation of monitor station Geographical Location and Scope of Water Collection of Yingcheng Sewage Treatment Plant 4-12 3 Area Ha. 10.6 near future and 3lCn2 future 4 Permanent land acquisition Ha. 19 5 Service scope Ha. 2400 7 Wastewater amount within the t/d 14.61 (2005) service area 8 Auxiliary pipeline M 9640 9 The Songjiang road Pumping M3/s, 1.4 Station Engineering Data for the pipes outside the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Additional work outside the treatment plant site involves construction of wastewater pipes in the Hangu District, Hexi District and Hedong District and upgrading of lift pumping stations. Table 4-2-3-4 Pipes outside Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Length of available Length of proposed Altered pumping Pipe diameter pipe (im) pipe (im) stationl d400 11580 1070 D500 520 1260 d600 1550 400 d700 1240 1300 d800 1360 880 d900 90 No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4 dlO00 11780 2940 d1200 4750 dl400 1190 d1600 2210 d1800 5740 4.2.3.3 Technology to be used at wastewater treatment plants Both the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant will adopt SBR (a biological nitrification and phosphorous removal technology). The process flows of the technology is shown in Figure 4-2-3-3. 4.2.3.4 Influent and effluent quality and pollutant removal rate (1) Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant The Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant is mainly designed to accept stonrn water and wastewater from the Shuanglin drainage area. When it is completed (2010), its maximum treatment capacity per day will reach 200,000 t/d in the near future and 300,000 t/d over the long terrn. The influent quality is determined based on investigations of key pollution sources within the. Shuanglin Drainage System conducted in 2000 and the results of water 0. _ . 0- 6~ 0- a 0. 01 0-ee} 5Xv 0 a, -~~~~J, ` I- r 0 .+ -- - --- =~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~= "~ ~ U - -C - 0 -- C- - - - - - - -- - .J CI CI C)' Cit ' I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ''' .. . 1 . -- - - 2t 0- ii I - o .-~ c .- . . - . . . . . . . quality analysis made from January 1999 to April 2001 with reference to years of monitoring data in the drainage system. The effluent from the plant will meet the Class 11 requirements of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards. Considering irrigation needs, most of the effluent from the plant is expected to be used for farm lalld irrigation. Class II outlet indexes should be adjusted and restrictions on such indexes as nitrogen and phosphorous should be relaxed, which can both reduce the operatiolnal costs of the plant and add to the fertilization of soils. Based on the requirements of (GB5084-92) Quality Standards of Water for Farnland Irrigation on1 dry farmnig fanrlands and water for vegetables, the indexes for the inlet and outlet water of the plant are shown in table 4-2-3-5. Table 4-2-3-5 Influent and effluent quality of Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Influent Effluent Effluent durinig agricuLltural irrigation season pH 7-8 7-9 5.5-8.5 BOD5 160mg/l <30mg/l <80mg/l SS 280mg/l <30mg/l <100mg/l COD 430mg/I 50 mg/l NH3-N 10 mg/L. TP 1.0 mg/l TDS < I000 mg/L Total hardness <300 mg/l Cl- <300 mg/L (CaCO3) Fe - 0.2 mg/l Mn 0.1 mg/L Anion synthetic <0.5 mg/l Free remaining >0.2 mg/L detergent ammonia Volatile phenol <0.1 mg/l Petroleum < 1.0 mg/L Total bacteria < 100 pieces/ml Total bacillus coli 3 pieces/L 4.3 Identification of the pollution sources of the component 4.3.1 Identification of the discharge sources of atmospheric pollutants Discharge sources of atmospheric pollutants are presented in Table 4-3-1-1. Table 4-3-1-1 Analysis of the discharge sources of atmospheric pollutants Subproject Construction period Operational period Pipe network construction Construction flying dusts Stink gases (disorderly dischargc subproject and intermediate water from pump stations) reuse subproject Dagu Canal control project 1. Stink gases generated during the The same as above dredging, dehydration, transportation and disposal of bed mud of river courses. 2. Dusts during vehicle transportation. Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Construction dusts and possible I. Stink gases (disorderly discharge Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater increase in the pollutants (mainly from water inlet grid and mud Treatment Plant including Nox, CO and TCH) disposal area, which mainly include discharged from the tail gas of oil mud dehydration room, mud control buming motor vehicles when traffic room and mud storage place). is busy 2. Boiler smoke (a. The heat supply and worker's bathing of this project is provided by an oil btu-ning boiler, which mainly discharges TSP and SO2. Since what the boiler burns aie clean fuels, its discharge of pollutants is low b. The marsh gas boiler in the mud digestion process for hcating mud mainly generates such pollUtants as TSP and SO, Marsh gas also belongs to a clean fuel and its discharge is also very low 4.3.2 Identification of the discharge of water pollutants Discharge of water pollutants is presented in Table 4-3-2-1. Table 4-3-2-1 Analysis of the pollution sources of Water Pollutants Subproject Construction period Operational period Pipe network construction Domestic waste water Wastewater collected by subproject and Construction waste water the system intermnediate water reuse subproj ect Dagu Canal control project 1. Soil pore water due to Wastewater discharged by mechanical dehydration the various pump stations 2. Infiltration Wastewater and Wastewater treatment due to earthening up plants embankment with mud 3. Domestic waste water 4. Construction waste water Shuanglin Wastewater Domestic waste water Wastewater discharged Treatment Plant and Construction waste water after treatment Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant 4.3.3 Identification of noise discharge Noise discharge sources are presented in Table 4-3-3-1.. Table 4-3-3-1 Analysis of Noise Pollution Sources Subproject Construction period Operational period Pipe network construction Noise pollution during Mechanical noises due to subproject and construction mainly comes the operation of water intermediate water reuse from the construction pumps. subproject noises (hole drilling 2 subproject noises (hole drilling machine, air compressor and road roller, etc.), noises of transportation vehicles, as well as noises due to demolition of buildings and breaking of roads. Dagu Canal control project The same as above. Noises due to mechanical transmission, which mainly come from pump rooms. Investigations of the noise source intensity of similar equipment show: water pump: around 85 to 95dB (A); motor: around 75 to 85dB (A); blower: around 95 to 105dB (A). Shuanglin Wastewater The same as above. Noises due to mechanical Treatment Plant and transmission, which iiaiinly Yingcheng Wastewater come from the Wastewater- Treatment Plant pump, mud pump, rotating brush, sand remover, blower and other equipment inside such structures as mud pump rooms, dehydrator room, water inlet pump room and blower room, as well as from the Wastewater pump and other equipment inside newly-built pump stations. Investigations of the noise source intensity of similar equipment show: water pump: around 85 to 95dB (A); motor: around 75 to 85dB (A); blower: around 95 to 105dB (A). 4.3.4 Identification of the discharge of solid wastes Discharge sources of solid wastes are presented in Table 4-3-4-1. Table 4-3-4-1 Analysis of the Pollution Sources of Solid Wastes Subproject Construction period Operational period Pipe network construction 1. Engineering wastes Grid dregs and pipe sludge subproject and (common solid wastes) (common solid wastes) intermediate water reuse 2. River course sludge subproject (heavy metals include pH, 2 Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, as well as DDT and benzex, etc.) Dagu Canal control project The same as above. River course sludge which must be removed regularly. Shuanglin Wastewater Engineering wastes and 1. Bar screen residue: Treatment Plant and construction trash Around 8m3/d (water Yingcheng Wastewater content around 85%) Treatment Plant 2. Sedimentation sand: around 6t/d (water contenit around 60%) 3. Dry mud: arounld 30.4t/d (water content arounld 80%) 4.3.5 Identification of the impacts on urban ecology and landscapes Impacts on urban ecology and landscapes are presented in Table 4-3-5- 1. Table 4-3-5-1 Identification of the impacts on urban ecology and landscapes Subproject Construction period Operation peritod Impacts on urban ecological environment during construction period mainly include: I .Constrcution will darnage or occupy some of the available green belts and A certain impacts on the available vegetation vegetation. Original landscape must be restored or Pipe network 2.Arrangement of construction improved. construction machines, foundation excavation, Impact on land ecology is mainly as follows Typc subproject and removal, relocation and alteration of of land utilization will change aftci intermediate water underground pipes during construction pipes are laid on planned roads. reuse subproject will damage the roads of the city, thus Hydrops within the area will drop a affecting urban landscapes. lot, hence improvement in living 3.Pileup of borrows, spoils and quality. construction trashes will occupy precious urban land, causing a certain impacts on urban ecology and possible soil erosion in some places. Sludge used for agricultural purposes may have unfavorable impacts on the ecological Dagu Canal control The same as above system of farmlands. project When sludge is filled, its volatile gas, percolating liquid and transportation may have an impact on local ecological system. Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and The same as above The same as above Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant 4.4 Identification of key environmental impacts 4.4.lSelection of key elements of environmental impacts 2 In the light of the features of this project and based on for initial analysis of the natural and social environrment in project areas, the EA team has identified and selected the key environmental impacts of this subproject which will be the focus of the report, presented in the later chapters. The identified impacts are summarized in Tables 4-4-1 -1 to 4-4-1-4. Table 4-4-1-1 Identification of Key Environmental Impact of Dagu Canal Remediation Item Key environmental Impacts Sludge which has been deposited in river courses for decades is finally removed, which helps solve the problem of bed mud dissolving out, which will add to water pollution, and ensures the achievements of the construction of such projects at the upper reaches as Wastewater treatment plants and pollution source control, hencc an indispensable important guarantee to the improvement of urban infrastructure by the city to bring its overall effcctiveness into play. On condition that the Wastewater discharged at upper reaches reaches standards, it helps create good and necessary conditions for the effective use and protection of water resources and will play a positive role in improving the water quality of offshore sea areas. In the meantime, it will also play important a positive roles in improving the water quality of the agricultural water 0 and the agricultural ecological systems along the banks of river COUI SCS, helping residents along the banks get out of the predicament of sufferiing from pollution for a long time and thoroughly improving the quality of a the residential environment of people. However, its construction -nay also cause impacts on some areas.. Polktin of aviuimy qulity due to stink gws and noss; polluion due to ato tal gIE Bed mud dredging oissandspilofsgu: Sludge dehydrPollution to the environmental quality of construction areas due to stink gas, loises, Sludge dehydration soil pore water. Filtrate treatment Possible impacts on the quality of surrounding surface water environment. If improper, it may cause impacts on the quality of agricultural soils, Sludge pileup such as heavy metal, etc. 7 X Guarantee of the achievements of river course dredging and important roles in expanding greenery patches and beautifying urban landscapes. - D) c Sludge transportation Pollution of the environment due to traffic noises, auto tail gas and spill Sludge transportation o lde v; o'<. o m Groundt srfac Improvement of the quality of resident's living environment. ~ afforestation 2 Sludge for agricultural Sludge quantity is 2 million m3, which, if site or disposal is m1propel, purposes will cause serious pollution to the ecological environment c Sludge for afforestation Possible impacts on the ecological system of farmilands. o Sludge for filling Possible pollution to soils and groundwater. CD Sludge for marine Sludge leaching solution may have an impact on the watcr quality of - reclamation land river courses. Toxic and harmful substances in the sludge may have an inipact on Sludge for filling offshore sea area o Volatile gas, percolating liquid and sludge transportation may have an Sludge for burning impact on local ecological environment Possible secondary pollution, such as Green belts along the banks of river It can beauty the urban and town environment, reduce the impacts of courses stink gases on the quality of environmental air , m Construction Impacts oftail gas and noises on the quality of environmicntal air and the h . sound environment. - ,,, vehicles °, a Daily life of Domestic Wastewater, trash and feces pollution on construction site o construction personnel Table 4-4-1-2 Identification of the Key Environmental Lmpacts of the Drainage Pipe Network and Internediate Water Reuse Subproject Item Key environmental impact ...uioand relocation Change in the nature of land use, which will affect employment and Land acquisition and relocation residents' living quality Sludge will be available when the Fengchanhe River is dredged, whose disposal is yet finalized. < Excavation Wastewater pipes which are about 49km long and rain water pipes which are around 89km long will have a certain impacts on traffic and residents' travel. Operation of construction 2 Operation of construction Mechanical tail gas, noises and vibration will distuLb people. c machines s Transportation and disposal of spoils A certain flying dusts and traffic noises. o Restoration of vegetation A certain impacts on the available vegetation. Available landscape must be restored or improved. Pumping station construction Construction noises and flying dusts. Transportation and disposal D o Increase in traffic volume, traffic noises and flying dusts. 9 of materials and spoiIs _____________________________ Daily life of construction v QQ personely lifeofconstructio Discharge ofdomestic wastes on the site. personnel Pumping of rain water and Reduction in the pollution loads discharged into thc Halhe River to- -ro X Wastewater improve the appearance and landscape of the city 3 X Stink gas Quality of the environmental air around water pumping stations : o Water pump in operation Impacts of mechanical noises on the sound environment c; Pipe network dredging and '9 e . 3 bar screen residue removal Generation of solid wastes, whose impacts are subject to final disposal rO and transportation The areas involved are not natural reserves, where rare animials and plants are unavailable. Since pipes are laid on planned roads, type of -n C/) Impacts on land ecology land utilization will change. Hydrops within the area will drop a lot, 3 cn hence improvement in living quality D) (, Damages to cultural relics There are no cultural relics and historic sites in and around the and historic sites construction areas. 2 Item Key environmental impact Impacts on the society and Perfection of urban infrastructure to improve the potentials for economy . economic development. Table 4-4-1-3 Identification of the Key Environmental Impacts of the Shuallglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Actions having impacts on the Environmental impact environment Some farmlands or vegetable fields will be acquired, Site selection whose local environment is not very sensitive, but arable land compensation will be made is necessary. 300m sanitary protection belt must be providecl to ensure a certain afforestation area. The site of the proposed plants is agricultural land which includes some vegetable fields and a few Land acquisition and residential houses (involving 35 households and 149 relocation people). A few households have to be relocated, whose effect is little. Peasants whose land has been acquired will get a one time compensation. -0 Excavation A plot of about 7.6km will be affected. Impacts on the 6 r Excavation traffic are mainly found along the inlet pipes laid. ra Operation of Mechanical tail gas, noises and vibration will disturb construction people. machines X Transportation of ;> Transportation ofA certain flying dusts and traffic noises. v spo'is X Restoration of A certain impacts on the available vegetation. o vegetation Available landscape must be restored or improved. Site leveling and Site leveling and Impacts of noises and flying dusts. X 0 excavation Y O Construction machine Mechanical tail gas and noises have little impacts on Construction machine O, 0 residents nearby. e: Transportation of Increase in traffic volume, traffic noises and flying materials and spoils dusts. O Daily life of j construction Discharge of domestic wastes on the site. ° personnel The areas involved are not natural reserves, where Impacts on land ecology rare animals and plants are unavailable. But type of land utilization will change. . Damages to cultural relics and There are no cultural relics and historic sites in and historic sites around the construction areas. Perfection of urban infrastructure to improve the Impactsnon the society and potentials for economic development and increase employment opportunities. 2 Reduction of pollution loads discharged into the 0 Discharge of tail Bohai Bay, which can reduce the impacts on the lower water reaches of the canals and lay a foundation for reused water resources. Scope of impact is around 100-200m,whch won't eDO Discharge of stink gasI h f affect residential quarters. There are no residential quarters nearby, helnce . Mechanical noise I n i Unavailability of impacts. 3-Sludge transportation Sludge transportation won't affect the appearance and transportation landscape of the city and impacts are subject to Final and final disposal disposal in the end. Discharge of Impacts on the water quality of the lower reaches of o - n untreated Wastewater the canals. cr O Sludge cannot be Environmental problems, such as stink gas. 3 dehydrated in time of chlorine Impacts on the physical health of population o Leakage (workers) Winter heating boiler Possible slight impacts on the air quality around the Winter heating boiler plants 4.4.2 Selection of assessment and monitoring factors The assessment factors of this project have been selected based on the identification and preliminary analysis of the key environmental impacts of the subproject and theilr impacts on the environment to decide key assessment factors (Table 4-4-2-1). Table 4-4-2-1 Key Assessment Factors Item Assessment factor Impacts of the construction period of the subproj ect on Social environment the society, economy and traffic and impacts of land acquisition, demolition and relocation on residents' life. Construction flying dusts; CO, Nox and THC in the Quality of atmospheric tail gas discharged by vehicles; Routine atmospheric environment pollutants SO2 and TSP; Concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and stink gas involved in Wastewater discharge Noise Noises and traffic noises in local areas Engineering spoils (common solid wastes) Solid waste Sludge in river courses (heavy metals include pH,f Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, DDT, benzex, etc.); bar screen residue and pipe sludge Quality of surface water PH, SS, CODcr, BOD5, ammonia and nitrogen and environment phosphate 4.4.3 Key points of assessment 2 Based on the identification of key environmental impacts and selection of assessment factors, the key points of this assessment will include: assessment of impacts on environmental air, assessment of impacts on surface water environment, assessment of impacts on solid wastes, assessment of impacts on the sound environment, as well as assessment of impacts on the social environ-ment and landscape. For the key points of assessment of the various subprojects, refer to Table 4-4-3-1. Table 4-4-3-1 Key Points of Assessment of the Various Subprojects of the WB Financed Project Subproj ect Environmental Surface Noise Solid Society Landscape air water waste Transformation 0 of the drainage > system u Dagu v O Blowdwon o River control 0 Shuanglin O Wastewater Treatment Plant Traffic improvement .A component 2 5 Environmental Baseline 5.1 Environmental baseline of the Tianjin region 5.1.1 Surface water environment Based on the statistics of the key rivers in Tianjin presented in the Tianjin Environmental Quality Report (1999 to 2000), all current water qualities monitored exceed Category V standards of GHZBI-1999 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment. Refer (Figure 3-1-2-2). Generally speaking, the quality of the water environment shows a worsening trend. In the past decade, Tianjin region has been subject to high temperature and low rainfall, which causes a continuous draught, low river inflows to Tianjin and poor water quality. Meanwhile, the rivers also have to accept domestic and industrial wastewater, resulting in serious pollution and reduced or complete loss of functional uses of the rivers whiclh are mostly Category V and below Category V water bodies. The poor quality of the river flows into Tianjin is one of the major causes for the water quality problems in Tianjin. Within the city some wastewater is discharged year round while other is discharged together with flood during the flood season. The latter, in particular-, is of concern as it is hard to detect, and thus posing higher threat to the water environmenit of the Tianjin region. According to year 2000 data, water quality of at the state monitored sections of the Haihe River had been deteriorating and all sections at the Tianjin border were below Category V. As the only surface drinking water source in Tianjin, the water diverted from the Luanhe River has maintained a good quality. In the later par of the 9th Five Year period, however, when there was a lasting drought, water flows in the diversion were sharply reduced and its quality began to worsen. During the entire 9th Five Year period, water quality in the main streams of the Haihe River failed to show any improvement and water quality could be characterized as saline and polluted. While upstream water quality can maintain at Category IV to V levels and that downstrearm is usually below Category V. The deteriorating water quality in Haihe river main stream was mainly due to the reduction of water flows from upstream, discharge of wastewater during the flood season (as the wastewater discharge canals may not able to handle the large volume), leakage of wastewater from gates to the main stream of the Haihe River and release of pollutants from the sediment. In late 2000, when the Yellow River Water Diversion Project was implemented, the Haihe River became a drinking water source again, which increases the pressure for water quality protection at the Haihe River. Shortage of water resources and water pollution have caused more and more serious problems regarding agricultural ecology. Agricultural water in Tianjin is insufficient and wastewater irrigation has a history of nearly 40 years. Some areas have even applied sludge in farmland. The diversion of wastewater from another water basin to Tianjin for irrigation has caused serious impacts in both systems. As a result, wastewater irrigation has resulted in serious damages to agricultural ecological environment including adverse impacts to surface water, groundwater, soils and crops. Discharge quantity of wastewater in Tianjin in 2000 was about 600 millions tons of wastewater, including 368 million tons of industrial wastewater and 232 million tons of 2 domestic wastewater. In the same year, COD discharge from the city was 186,200 tons including 72,600 tons discharged by industries. The discharge quantity of other key pollutants in industrial wastewater was: mercury 0.11 ton, lead 0.78 ton, sexavalence chromium 0.4 ton, arsenic 0.17 ton, cyanide 4.67 tons, volatile phenol 14.86 tons and petroleum 760 tons. Among them, the discharge of sexavalence chromium, volatile phenol and cyanide was reduced by 82%, 5% and 53% respectively, achieving the total load control targets for the key pollutants set by the state for 2000. 5.1.2 Offshore sea area of the Bohai Sea Tianjin offshore sea area is located at the bottom of the Bohai Bay and its coastllle starts from Jianhekou in the north to Qikou in the south, having a total length of 153.33 km. Its coast has a wide and flat bottom and the land is dominated by wetland, sahlne moist soil and saline soils. The coastal elevation ranges from 2-3 m and its inter-tidal zones are 3 to 5 km wide. The soil texture in the coastal region is quatemary loose sediments which form a typical silt. The sea water self purification or assimilative capability is very limited. Tianjin sea area is divided into types A, B, C and D sea areas based onl the sea watel- quality standards and the requirements on division of sea functional areas of the state (Figure 3-3-2-1). Based on the monitoring results of different periods in different years, it can be seen that the key pollutants of the various sea areas include mainly inorganic nitrogeni, petroleum, inorganic phosphorous and COD. The following is a comprehensive assessment of the existing water quality in the Tianjin sea area: A. Assessment of the key sea areas monitored: The quality of the sea water off the Tianjin coast is seriously polluted and the key pollutants include nutrient salts (inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate). Lead and mercury also exceed standards. Among the key polluted sea areas are the north of Hagu, the offshore sea area of Dagang, the mouth of the North Canal and the Chengtougu Cultivation Zone. The analysis in this EA shows that in 2000 heavy metal pollution was worsening. (1) Key offshore sea areas: In general, the quality of the sea water environment in the offshore sea areas off the Tianjin coast is poor and their key pollutants are nutrient salts. In 80% of the offshore sea areas, the nutient salts in sea water exceed Category I water quality standards. Among them, the open seas at Hagu have become below Category IV water body. And the sea areas from the south of Tanggu to the north of Dagang have also become Category IV water body. Meanwhile, heavy metal pollution in the key offshore sea areas has become an increasing concern. Lead is a key pollutant in 70% of the Tianjin's sea area, where it exceeds the standards by an average of 28%. Based on the single pollutionl factor assessment, Tianjin offshore sea area has become heavy metal Type II sea area. (2) Sea areas near wastewater discharge outlets: There are two key discharge outlets in Tianjin (the North Canal outlet and the South (Dagu) Canal outlet) and the pollution near the north discharge outlet is more serious, where nutrients exceed standards by 75%. The sea areas nearby have become below Type IV sea water body. Among heavy 2 metal pollutants, lead and mercury are the most serious. The sea areas near the canal outlets have become polluted by these heavy metals. (3) Waste dumping area: Heavy metals and suspended solids are the main monitol-ilng parameters. Suspended solids are at their peak in the center of the waste dumping area. Major heavy metal pollutants in the sea area are lead, which exceeds standards by 86%. Based on the single pollution factor assessment, the waste dumping area and sea areas nearby have become heavy metal Type II sea water body. (4) Key aqua-culture areas: In the two key aqua-culture areas of Tianjin, major pollutants are nutrients. The nutrients in the aqua-culture areas all reach sea water Type fV water quality standards and 75% of the sea areas have become below Type IV. It can be said that the nutrient pollution in the sea areas near the aqua-culture areas has become serious. Meanwhile, the COD in the sea areas near the Gaoshaling Aqua-culture Area has exceeded standards substantially and COD content in most sea areas nearby has exceeded the allowable content stipulated in Type III water quality standards. Based on the single pollution factor assessment, the sea areas near the Gaoshaling Aqua-culture Area has become COD pollution Type IV sea water body. Lead has exceeded applicable standards in all the sea areas near- the two key aqua-culture areas and pollution near the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area is serious. Similarly, mercury pollution near the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area is also high. Mercury content in near the Gaoshaling Aqua-culture Area does not exceed standards, but it exceeds standards near the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area. The sea areas near the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area have become mercury pollution Type II sea water body. B. Assessment based on environmental functional areas Baseline assessment can also be made based on the four divisions of the environmental functional areas of Tianjin offshore sea area. (1) Type I environmental functional area: In Type I area, nitrogen, phosphorous and lead are primary pollutants. Among them, 85% of monitored nitrogen datda exceeds Type I water quality standards with maximum exceedance of 3.63 times at the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area; 23% of the monitored phosphorous data exceeds Type I standard with maximum exceedance of 2.36 times at the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area; and 92% of the monitored lead data exceeds Type I standards with the maximum exceedance of 2.86 times at the northwest of the waste dumping area. Though other pollutants are less serious, they also exceed standard with various degrees: oils 23% of the data with the maximum of 1.98 times, and mercury 38% with maximum of 1.96 times. (2) Type II environmental functional area: In Type II area, nitrogen and phosphorus are primary pollutants. The monitoring result shows that 92% of the nitrogen data exceeds applicable standards with the maximum exceedance of 2.93 times at the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area and 33% of the phosphorus data exceeds standards with the maximum exceedance of 1.47 times at the Chengtougu Aqua-culture Area. Other pollutants are less serious and only the COD in near the Gaoshaling Aqua-culture Area exceeds standards modestly with maximum exceedance of 1.49 time. 3 (3) Type IIII environmental functional area: Water quality in Type llI area is good and all pollutants monitored do not exceed standards. (4) Type IV environmental functional area: Water quality in Type IV area is good and all pollutants monitored do not exceed standards. 5.1.3 Air Quality A review of air quality of the city since the 1980s shows that after more than two decades of efforts, when the total consumption of energies of the city increased by over 100%, TSP (total suspension particle) in the atmosphere has dropped over 50%, SO2 has dropped by more than 2/3 and NO, almost meets standards, as shown in Figures 5-1-2-3 to 5-1-2-5. From Figure 5-1-2-3 it can be seen that TSP in the ambient air showed genrally a decreasing trend from 1981 to 1997. In 1983, annual average TSP reached 0.7mg/rn3, the highest in recent years. Later, TSP density dropped year by year due to smoke prevention and dust control effort. By 1991, it reached its best level at 0.249mg/m3, but still failed to meet Class II air quality standards of 0.2mg/m3. After 1992, TSP concentration rebounded due to rapid economic development, especially of the old urban area upgrading ancl real estate development. Figure 5-1-2-4 shows the changes in the annual average S02 from 1981 to 1997, which never reached Class II standards of 0.06mg/m3. But, it shows an obviously decreasing. trend. Figure 5-1-2-5 shows the changes in the annual average of NO, firom 1981 to 1997. In the recent years, NO, concentration has dropped over time and almost reach the Class II air quality standards. 0. 100 0. 080 0 060- -_ 0. 040 0. 020 0. 000 l'N1 IN2 1 3 I W: 19 19 IIS 9 19 90 IWI 192 MI [W i 199 i 1"17 y 3 Figure 5-1-2-4 Annual Average of S02 in the Air in the 0. 250 Urban of Tianjin p"pr the Yoars 0. 200 0. 150 0. 100 0. 050 0. 000 70 ~.O 7 .0 (0 (0 (0 (0 (0 (; (0 (0; (0 (0 (0 0 (0 tD (D tD t¶ year co _o cos (D co vo co co co - E c > c A ;J1 yar During the gth Five-Year period, air quality was in a stable state in general, but pollution seemed to spread from urban areas towards the coastal areas and countryside. Still, air pollution in the urban area was more serious than other areas (Figure 5-1-2-6). From 1996 to 2000, the air quality in the urban area and four new districts was at the alarming level. Ever since 1997, however, the air quality in various districts has become more stable. The air quality in the coastal area has maintained at moderate or slightly polluted level and that in the five counties and districts in the municipality has maintained at fair level. 0. 100 0. 080 0. 060 0. 040 0 020 19$P 1 9 IWI I'M 1981 14 N83 19Nh lI, 7 19NN 1989 19'H MI IW I 1991 I ' M IW year 3 Air pollution is closely linked with the changes witlh seasons and climate. In the winter, air pollution is mainly affected by heating and coal burning activities and foggy climate, as well as such special weather conditions as calm (zero wind speed). In the spring and autLmn, the weather is dry and rainfall is rare. In a given year, air quality seems to be at its best in the summer. Overall, air pollution is related to coal burning activities with TSP and SO2 primary air pollutants and with more serious pollution in space heatinig season than non space heating season. From 1996 to 2000, amnual average TSP exceeded Class II standards and pollution became more serious than the previous five years. TSP pollution in the new coastal area and urban area was especially serious. SO2 pollution in the central urbani area was more serious than other areas and was especially serious during the heating period in the winter, when the average of SO2 was four to six times higher than the non-heating period. Generally speaking, SO2 pollution became less and less serious gradually. During the 9th Five Year, its average concentration dropped by 54.2% thani the 8th1 Five Year. In 2000, SO2 annual and monthly average was better than Class ll standar-ds for the first time and reached the best level. Figure 5-1-2-5 Annual Average of Nitrogen Oxide in the Air in the Urban Area of Tianjin over the Years 0. 100 0. 080 'E 0. 060- Em 0. 040 0. 020 0. 000 1980 IY81 1982 1983 1984 198, 1986 1987 1988 1989 19901 1W1 1992 1993 MI49 1993 194 9 197 year 5.2 Construction sites environmental baseline 5.2.1 Monitor and assessment of existing surface water quality 5.2.1.1 Drainage network water ponding Since rain water discharge capacity during the flood season in the drainage network construction area is less than adequate, three ponding areas (Nancang and Beicang area, 3 Fukang Road area and Suothem Suburb Beyond area) are formed. The ponded water- is mixed with wastewater through the sewer system manholes, air emission wells and other entrances into the system, causing the amount water in the sewer system far exceeding its discharging capability. Years of observation and analysis by the Discharge Management Section of the Municipal Works Bureau and Wastewater Monitor Station show that the storm water pumped and discharged by pumping stations from the ponding area on Fukang Road and areas outside the Southern Suburb account for around 24%, 25% and 26% of the water accumulated in the ponding areas. As a result, a certain amount of wastewater overflows and mix with water accumulated on the ground. The investigation result of the ponding area in the project region is presented in Table 5-2-1-I and the locations of the ponding areas are shown in attached drawings 2, 3 and 4. 3 * ' ''~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A~~~~~~~ ~~Legend: 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Project location ;0.01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Water quality and bed sludge monitor section / ~~~~~A Sound environment and stinkv gas monitor <9 0< n Vm - - o~~~~~~~~~- Surface 1.13 40.8 723 127 224 3.42 2.12 1.02 4.70 1.37 0 08 0.13 1.58 Heavy 7# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~loam bottom 0.86 283 598 479 304 2.62 1.82 1.16 2.30 1.36 0.28 0.12 1.93 Sandy soil Surface 1.25 795 616 1820 945 2.91 2.16 1.26 2.81 1.55 0.11 .0.11 2.04 Sandy soil bottom 1.39 23.2 530 740 362 3.35 2.18 I.18 3.00 1.36 0 07 0.14 1.03 Heavy loam Surface 0 27 98.2 541 379 368 2.34 1.80 1.48 3,75 1 18 0.14 0.12 1.19 Moderate loam bottom 0 40 360 576 735 616 2.65 1.76 1.35 4.25 1 33 0.05 0.07 0.31 Hoeamy lol Bottom 2.24 1412 859 108 351 3.24 2.02 0.85 4.71 1.31 1.42 0.12 3.42 Light clay Surface 0,80 312 588 11000 3220 2.97 2.03 1.54 4.14 1.71 1.30 0.15 2 70 Sandy soil bottom 0.68 76.1 477 9450 3500 2 88 1.85 1.86 4.31 1.49 3.45 0.111 12 08 Sandy soil 12' Bottom 0.59 86.0 629 31900 2640 3.06 2.10 1.48 4.69 1 87 11.34 0.32 10.36 Sandy soil Surface 1 535 18 65 469 103400 9980 3.02 2.11 6.575 6.785 2 365 12 63 0 17 3.22 Sandy l oarn 13' odrt bottom 1 27 0.92 679 96400 29900 2 66 I 93 2 25 4 49 2 30 08 0 13 1 58 Moderaic 62 5.2.6 Groundwater 5.2.6.1 Basic situation To understand groundwater quality around the sludge filling yard, this EA conducted a monitoring program of the shallow and deep groundwater at the proposed 2# site of the landfill site on March 5, 2002. Monitoring stations were located in the Dahanzhualng Brickyard at Jugezhuang, Jinnan District (proposed 2# site of the filling yard), see Figure 5-2-1-1. Monitoring frequency was one time sampling and paramiieters monitored included pH, permanganate index (KMN), total salt, ammonia and nitrogen, Cl- and F-. Monitoring method followed the relevant stipulations of GB/T14848-93 Quality Standards of Groundwater Environment and standards cited by it. Assessmelnt standards follow GB/T14848-93 Quality Standards of Groundwater Environmllenit. Methods of assessment include single component score assessment and comprehelnsive score assessment. The single index assessment results are presented in Table 5-2-6-1. Table 5-2-6-1 Single index assessment of groundwater quality Type Iif fin IV v F 0 1 3 6 10 Note. In the table, Fj is the single component assessment score of pollutant i. Comprehensive assessment score. F = F F na, 2 1n i=I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Where: F scores of each single component assessment; F -max. value in Fi single component assessment. max n number of item Based on F value, quality grades of groundwater is divided based on table 5-2-6-2. Table 5-2-6-2 Classified Quality Standards of Groundwater Grade Excellent Fair Good Poor Very poor F <0.8 0.8-.<2.50 2.5 ~-<4.25 4.25- <7.2 >7.20 5.2.6.2 Analysis of results Results of the monitor of the current water quality conditions of groundwater and groundwater quality standards are shown in table 5-2-6-3. 6 Table 5-2-6-3 Monitoring Results of Groundwater (mg/I, except pH) Sampling Item Monitor 1GB/T4848-93 Well monitor value ed v I III IV V KMN 142 1.0 2.0 3.0 10 > 10 PH 7.73 6.5-8.5 8.5-9 < 5.5, Quantit Shallow yof 13025 < 1000 < 1000 < 1000 < 1000 >2000 layer well total salt Ammon ia and 0.995 <0.02 <0.02 <0.2 <0.5 >0.5 nitrogen Cl- 5905 <50 < 150 <250 <350 >350 F- 3.5 1.0 < 1.0 < I.0 2.0 >2.0 KMN 1.82 1.0 2.0 <3.0 o10 > 10 PH 7.86 6.5-8.5 5.556.5, <5 5, 8.5-9>9 Quantit Deep tyof 1299 < 1000 I 000 < I 000 1000-2000 > 2000 layer well ttlsl Ammon ia and 0.531 0.02 <0.02 <0.2 0.5 >0.5 nitrogen Cl- 591 <50 <150 250 350 >350 F- 3.8 < 1.0 < 1.0 1.0 2.0 >2.0 Note: The quantity of total salt in the table follows GB5084-92 Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standzrds. From table 5-2-6-3 it can be seen that the permanganate index, ammonia and nitrogen, chloride and fluoride of the shallow and deep groundwater at monitor points all exceeded the limits of Category V standards in GB/T14848-93 Quality Standards of Groundwater Environment. Single component score assessment and comprehensive score assessment are shown in Table 5-2-6-4. Table 5.9-4 Results of Groundwater Assessment Sampling well monitor Fi F Type KMN 10 PH 0 Quantity of 1 0 Shallow well total 10 9.2 Very poor Ammonia and 10 nitrogen Cl- 10 F- 10 KMN I PH 0 Quantity of 6 total salt83Veypo Deep well Ammonia and 10 nitrogen Cl- 1 0 F- 10 From Table 5-2-6-4 it can be seen that water quality of shallow and deep groundwater is very poor and is not an appropriate sources for industrial, agricultural and drinking water uses. 6. Analysis of Alternatives 6.1 Contents of construction and alternatives for site selection This World Bank financed project is intended for improving environmental quality of the Tianjin and the Bohai Sea areas and living environment for the city's citizens. Although it is an environment improvemental project in general, there could still be adverse impacts to the enviornmental by the construction and/or operation of the infrastructure facilities. Alternatives with the minimum adverse impacts to the environment should be adopted with regard to site and line selection. The EA team has surveyed the sites proposed for this World Bank financed project and conducted investigations and research based on the collectd information. The team believes that the alternatives finally accepted by the project proponent should ensure the best economic benefits and minimum impacts on the environment and they are techncially and environmentally feasible. What needs to be specially explained is that since some of the sites originally proposed by the designer have great impacts on the environment, the EA team identified the problems in the course of assessment. Subsequently the project proponent, planners and design teams were advised in time and a new site investigation and additional analysis of the sites for the Yingshui Road Pumping Station in the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant were conducted. Because of the environmental concerns and EA team's strong opposition, the originally proposed sites were canceled and alternative sites were proposed with less adverse environmental impacts. Though the additional work load to the EA team as well as other project teams was required and project preparation was somewhat delayed, it fully reflected the spirit demanded by the environmental policies of the Chinese governments and operational policies of the World Bank. The EA team feels it has fulfilled its professional obligations in this infrastructure project preparation. 6.1.1 Dagu canal remediation 6.1.1.1 Contents of the alternatives Three alternatives were proposed for Dagu canal remediation: Alternative No.l: the original canal remediation, including: dredging, earthing up embankment and laying of the banks of the Dagu Canal, Jizhuangzi Canal and Xianfeng Canal, disposal of sluclge, transformation of the structures along the subproject, alteration of pumping stations, etc. Alternative No.2: A new discharge outlet will be opened at Jugezhuang to divert the water at the upper reaches to the Erdaozha Gate of the Haihe River so that the Dagu canal remediation can be conducted in stages. The section at the upper reaches of the Jugezhuang will be remediated in the near future and that at the lower reaches of the Jugezhuang, in the future. This alternative excludes immediate remediation of the Dagu Canal at the lower reaches after Jugezhuang Pumping Station. A new discharge outlet will be opened, starting from the Jugezhuang Pumping Station, go across the Xingfuhe River along the Paixianhe River and go under the Jingu Highway and then enter the Yueyahe River. After nearly 4 km, it will reach the Shuangyue Pumping Station. A section of covered culvert will also be built, which will reach the Erdaozha Gate of the Haihe River, where 6-l water will be discharged into the sea. According to this alternative, the total length of the river course to be created is 13.09 km (including 4.7km of the Paixianhe River). Square culverts with a length of 190 In will be built to connect the river course with the Yueyahe River after it goes through the Jingu Highway. A section (3.9 km) of the Yueyahe River will be used. Covered culverts will be built with a total length of 4.3 km. The designed scale of the newly created canal course is the same as that of the river course at the lower reaches of the Jugezhuang Pumping Station in Alternative No. I. Its designed flow is 13.77 m3/s. With that the Dagu Canal would have two discharge outlets at the lower reaches of the Jugezhuang Pumping Station with identical designed water flows. Therefore, water at the upper reaches can either be discharged into the Dagu canal and then into the sea or to the lower reaches of Haihe river after tlle Erdaozha gate. The Paixianlie River starts from the Jugezhuang Pumping Station and stops at the Jingu Highway, with a total length of 4,700 m, and no flows. Now, its banks are overgrownl with weeds and dumped with waste. The discharge outlet to be opened has given full consideration to the functions of the available river course for utilization. If a new discharge outlet is opened, which will use this abandoned river course, it can serve our purposes and will be changed from a stink river which has been seriously polluted into a beautiful landscape river course. Remediation method including dredging and earth removal, up of its banks and upgrading of its structures are the same as those ill Alternative No. 1. The river course is located at the end of the lower reaches of the Yueyahe River and won't affect water from the upper reaches. It can contribute to the reduction of the excavation of river course, demolition and relocation and land acquisition, as well as drop in engineering costs. In the meantime, it can also serve as a new discharge outlet for the Yueyahe River, through which its water can be discharged to the Erdaozha of the Haihe River. There is no river course northeastern of the Yueyahe River. The distance between them is 4,300 m. To reduce the occupation of land in the case of the excavation of river course, covered culverts are considered, which will occupy only a little agricultural land as well as minimum demolition and relocation. After being filled with earth, the area can still be used as farmlands. Some covered culverts will be used to discharge water to the lower reaches of the Erdaozha of the Haihe River. However, the covered culverts will lead to the increase in the slope of square culverts and increase in depth will make it impossible for water to flow into the river itself. Hence a lift pumping station must be built to discharge water into the Haihe River, whose scale is Q=1 2m3/s. In summary, the Alternative No.2 will change the outlet of the Jugezhuang Pumping Station into a hydrojunction, thanks to which water can be discharged into the Dagu Canal and the lower reaches of the Erdaozha of the Haihe River. It can also be lifted and delivered to the banks of the Haihe River as renovated water. Alternative No.3: On condition that Alternative No.1 is fully implemented, a new discharge outlet will be opened to allow the water at the upper reaches to allow water discharge through the Erdaozha Gate to the Haihe River, as swell as Dagu canal and then to into the sea. This alternative combines the above two alternative. It means that 6-2 the original Dagu Canal remediation will be conducted and a new discharge outlet will be opened to allow choice of water discharge either to the Dagu Canal or to the lower reaches of the Erdaozha of the Haihe River before into the Bohai sea. Comparison of the three alternatives is schematically shown in Figure 6-1- I - 1. Converge izhuangzi 9.464 3.673uagl 9A ~ ~ ~ ~ zuagiShuaniglin No.4 T%T at 12 Paoshuiwa Jugezhuang 4 rre Lower 33.50 P an Crive voerLoe Dvagu Bohai Figure 6-1-1-1 Schematic of the Alternatives of Dagu Canal remeditaion (km) 6.1.1.2 Comparison of the Alternatives After considering the above three alternatives proposed by the project proponent, the EA team also considered the opioII of "do nothing" or without project scenario for comparison and analysis. The key advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives of the each of these alternatives are presented in Table 6-1-1-1. Table 6-1- .-Comparis Ai and Selection o Dagu Canal Control SuI roject Plan Without Alternative Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 Item -Proj.ect No.1 Dagu Canal River course of the (67.47 km); Dagu Canal at Addition of the Jizhuangzi Jugehuan Pumping Canal to be opened in Scope of work None Canal (3.67 Station (33.97krm); plan No.2 based on km);XianengJizhuangzi Canal plan No.2 baedo kin); 2ianfe) (3.67km); e 5 to b planNo.l Canal (12. kin)(I3.9k)Total: 96.73km Total: 83.64 km Total : 63 .23k- Directly to Directly to Lower reaches of Lower reaches of Direction of flow DohirSetl tohDiretyt Haihe River and the the Haihe RZiver- Bohai Sea and-the Bohai Sea Regional ecological Not Somewhat envimnment impm'ement l Helpful Very helpful Impacts to lower None None Significant impacts Significant 6-3 reaches of Haihe River impacts Effective use of water Not Somewhat Helpful Helpfil resources helpful helpful Impact on offshore sea Negative Improvement Improvement Imllplrovement area Impact on wastewater Negative Improvement Improvement I mpr-ovement irrigation area Improvement in urban None Yes Yes Yes landscape Implementation of Fully mSomewiat Tianjin Master Plan com ance Somewhat compliance compliance Ston-n waterdischarge No help Helpful Very helpful Very helpfu l Landoccupation None Little A lot A lot Investment O RMB385.3128 RIMB 497.7558 million RMB648.6163 million .i illion 6.1.1.3 Results of comparison of alternatives Based on the results of comparison (Table 6-1-1-1), the do nothing or without project alternative is not acceptable. A large quantity of sediment have been deposited in the Dagu Canal over more than 4 decades of operation. This results in the rise of the river bed, and reduction flood discharge capability of the waterway, especially discharge of water during the flood period. In the meantime, with the construction of wasteater treatment plants and implementation of pollution control projects at the upper reaches, quality of water that enters the river will become improved. If the canal is not dredged, pollutants from the sediment can be released and enter the water body, causilng secondary pollution and affecting the positive impacts from the construction of wastewater treatment plants upstream. The implementation of the Dagu Canal control subproject helps remove the sludge deposited in the river course, lower the height of river bed effectively, and eliminate the sludge which has been deposited for many years. It helps solve the increase in water pollution due to pollutants re-suspended from the sediment, reduce the total quantity of pollutants entering the sea effectively and guarantee the achievements of the construction of wastewater treatment plants and pollution source control proj'ects at upper reaches. Improvement in the water quality of the canal would help improve the utilization of water resources effectively, create sound conditions for the effective utilization and protection of water resources and slow down the speed of accumulation of heavy metals in the soils of wastewater irrigation areas effectively. It is sure to have a great positive effect on the ecological systems of the farmlands along the canal, especially those in the wastewater irrigated farmland. Laying of revetment on the slopes of river course, construction of green belts on the banks, transformation of structures and other projects can obviously improve the urban landscape on the banks, thus providing a sound living environment for the residents on the banks. To sum up, the Dagu Canal remediation will play very positive roles in wastewater and flood discharge of the city, the implementation of the Tianjin 10tl Five Environmental Protection Plan, Tianjin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Planning, Tianjin Water Environment Quality Standard Guarantee Action Plan, Tianjin Clear Water Action Plan and Tianjin Clear Sea Action Plan and others, as well as the improvement in the ecological systems of the farmlands along the canal, water quality of river courses and aquatic ecological system, the water quality of offshore sea area 6-4 and marine ecological system. In conclusion, Dagu Canal remediation project is a must and the do nothing is not acceptable. Among the three alternatives proposed by the project proponent, alternative No. I is helpful in terns of the protection of the water quality of the Haihe River, which won't cause impacts on the water quality of the Haihe river, reputed as the Mother River of the city. It has been clearly provided in the Tianjin Water Pollution Prevention and Control 10'b Five Plan, Tianjin Surface Water Standard Guarantee Action Plan and the Haihe River Basin and Tianjin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Planning that the water quality of the main stream of the Haihe River must reach Category V during flood period and Category IV during non-flood period. Alternative No.2 and No.3 will cause a certain impacts on the water quality of the Haihe River and are not good to the protection of the water quality of the river. For the effective utilization of water- resources, Alternative No.2 and No.3 are better than Alternative No.l, so is water discharge from the urban area. In terms of permanent occupation of land, Alternative No.1 occupies fewer land, whereas the other two occupy much more due to the the newly created discharge river. Considering the investment, Alternative No.l is the lowest while Alternative No.2 is about 30% and Alternative No.3 is 70% higher. With all factors considered, the EA considers Alternative No. 1 the optimal. 6.1.2 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant 6.1.2.1 Contents (1) Original site The site of this subproject as originally proposed is located at the intersection between the Lishuang Highway and Xianfeng Canal and to the west of the river, about 2.1 km fi-om the Outer Ring Road. It is less than 100 m from both Nanmaji Village and Housanhe Village in the Shuanggang Town, situated at the southwest and southl of tlle Nanmaji Village and the northwest of the Housanhe Village. It is basically located at the leeward side of the prevailing wind direction of the two villages. In terms of the soutlh wind which is frequent in Tianjin (8%), however, it is at the upper wind direction of the Nanrmaji Village. (2) Alternative The alternative site of this subproject is 4.2 km to the south of the Outer Ring Road and to the west of the Xianfeng Canal. Based on Master Plan of the Shuanggang Town, the area of the alternative site is reserved for municipal works. To its west a site reserved for solid waste landfill and to its east is the Xianfeng Canal and the Jitai Village of the Xinzhuang Town. 6.1.2.2 Comparison of plans Table 6-1-2-1 Comparison of Alternative Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Sites Comparison of plans Advantage Disadvantage 6-5 Legend: A Proposed sewage treatment plant ---Proposed drainage pipeline - E Available village -NanmajI [jjj Planning scope of sewage -. ~~treatment plant : \\ --~ 2 ,. Legend: , , - -W t\ | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I Io : i ~ ~ ;~;3 _ lf r t\\ ;-3 N -Nanmaji High School S - l-Om 000 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ LiI IIAcademy of - ~~~~~Enviromnment aliScience nHousanhe, - b 4 Figure 6-1-2-1 Peripheral Conditions of the Original Site of the Shuanglin (p9 _ - ! X _ tSewage Treatment Plant , ^ .> //-~F ill enhn\\ 1 ) Located at the edge of the city, I ) It is next to the Nanmnaji Village having little impacts on the urban and Housanhe Village, being unlable environment. to meet the requirements of this 2) The site is next to the Lishsung project on protective distance. O Highway in the north, enjoying a 2 ) It has limited space for f. convenient traffic. development and hlas no room for _ . 3) It is near the Xianfeng Canal, which future development, which is not is convenient for the discharge of good to extension in the future. treated water. 3 ) To meet the demands on 4 )It is near the Outer Ring Road, hence protective distance, houses must be a long outlet river course and large demolished and people have to be areas of land can be irrigated by its relocated and more money has to be outlet water. spend on the control of stinky substances. I) It is spacious and far from sensitive 1 ) It is far from highway, helnce targets, which is good to the further inconvenient traffic. > development and extension of the 2) Auxiliary facilities must be built 3t~ wastewater treatment plant. outside the plant, which will add to X 22) No houses will be demolished and investment at one time. < mo people will be relocated. 3 ) It is far from the Outer Ring Road, which is not good to the ir-igation with outlet water. 6.1.2.3 Analysis of the feasibility (1) Original plan The site of this subproject in the original plan is located at the edge of the city, hence little impacts on urban environment. It is next to the Lishuang Highway, enjoying a convenient traffic. Besides, it is close to the Xianfeng Canal, which is convenient for the discharge of treated effluent. What is especially helpful is that it is near the Outer Ring Road, hence a long outlet river course and large areas of land can be irrigated by its effluent. The site is however too close to Nanmaji Village and Housanhe Village in the Shuanggang Town and when there is a south wind, it will be at the upper wind direction to Nanmaji Village (Figure 6-1-2-1). The nuisance odor from the wastewater treatmenit plant will impact the Nanmaji Village and potentially lead environmental incidents and disputes. Therefore, the original site of this subproject is inapprpriate environmentally. In addition, since the original site is located at the narrow piace, the space for further development is limited, affecting any plans for future expansions. The small sites leave insufficient distance required for nuisance odor to dissipate (the protective distance). By regulations, to avoid the impacts on environmental sensitive receptors (Nanmaji Village and Housanhe Village), enough protective distance must be provided , which would require demolition and relocation of residential houses. This is sure to increase the total investment of the project. (2) Alternative site The alternative site is 4.2 km from the Outer Ring Road, having little impacts on the urban environment. It is next to the Xianfeng River in the east, being convenient for the 6-6 discharge of treated water. It is situated on a spacious area and has room for development in the future. It is around 300 m from the nearest village, Jitai Village and there is no need to demolish and relocate residential houses. Its disadvantages is that it is far from the Outer Ring Road, for which more than 2 km of sewer must be added. In addition, effluent must be sent back to the upper reaches of the Xianfeng Canal through pipes to ensure irrigation of large areas of farmlands, whicl will add to the total investment. 6.1.2.4 Conclusion on the site selection With all factors considered, particularly the far short of the protective distance of 300 Im to sensitive receptor (villages), the site originally proposed for Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant is not environmentally acceptable. Little can be done to mitigate the site deficiencies except village resettlement and relocation. Therefore, the site is not recommended by the EA team. The alternative site is far away from sensitive receptors and can meet requirements for protective distance, although it is far from the Outer Ring Road and additional pipes are required. After a comprehensive analysis, the EA team decided that the alternative site be selected to replace the original site. This recommended major change has been accepted by the project proponent and designer as the final site of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant, based on the ground of the minimized environmental impacts. 6.1.3 Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant 6.1.3.1 Alternative of "Without the Project" With the rapid development of the Hangu District and its chemical industrial area, wastewater is sure to increase continuously. Based on the current discharge volulmle, and the development plan for the region, wastewater volume and pollutant loads are expected to increased substantially (Table 6-1-3-1 and Table 6-1-3-2). Table 6-1-3-1 Pollutants Generated by Hangu District Drainage Area t/a Current quantity of Quantity of Quantity of Item discharge discharge in the discharge in the Item2disch0rge near future future (2000) (2005) (2010) Quantity of 2337X 104 5475 X 104 7300X 104 wastewater CODcr 13348.7 28798.5 38398.0 BOD5 1444.8 16206.0 21608.0 NHI-N 732.0 1861.5 2482.0 TP 150.22 421.5 562.1 SS 7981.4 16425.0 21900 Table 6-1-3-2 Water ualitv of Wastewater and Number of Times of Increase Ratio of Water increase quantity CODcr BOD5 NH3-N TP Ss Near future 1211 1.10 1.35 1.52 1.02 6-7 (2005) 1 - I I I I I Future (2010) l 1.82 l 1.70 1 1.81 l 2.13 l 2.36 l 1.69 From the above tables it can be seen that wastewater volume as well as pollutant loads will increase by I to 2 times from 2005 to 2010. If the wastewater treatment plant is not built, large amount of wastewater (mainly chemical wastewater) is to be discharged into the Jiyunhe River and finally to the Bohai Bay, which would increase the pollution of these water bodies. This is not in compliance with the targets of the Jiyunhe River Water Quality Plan and the implementation of Tianjin Offshore Sea Area Organic Substance Total Load Control Plan. After the construction of this subproject, substantial reduction in major pollutalnts would be achieved as shown in Table 6-1-3-3. Table 6-1-3-3 Reductic n of Major Po lutants X 04t/a Item CODcr BODj NH3 N TP SS Reduction in the near 2.25 1.26 0.05 0.04 1.48 future Reduction 2.96 1.68 0.07 0.05 1.97 in the future Removal 77 88 27 87 90 From the above table it can be seen that the-Yingcheng wastewater treatment plant will reduce the discharge of the key organic pollutants in the Hangu District by 77 to 88%, which will greatly reduce the quantity of pollutants discharged to the Jiyunihe River and Bohai Bay, hence improvement in the water quality of the Jiyunhe River and the offshore sea area of the Bohai Sea. It is of great significance to the implementation of the Tianjin Haihe River Basin Prevention and Control Planning and Bohai Sea Blue Sea Action Plan. Thus, the construction of the wastewater treatment plant is necessary for environmental protection. 6.1.3.2 Site selection In consideration of the Master Plan and Drainage Plan of the Tianjin New Coastal District, the Hangu District and its chemical industrial zone, two alternative sites are proposed as possible site for the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant. Alternative No.1, the original proposed site, is located at an abandoned oxidation pond near the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir and is next to the Jiyunhe River to the west. This is a convenient location for the effluent to be discharged through the Jiyunhe River into the Baohai Sea. Alternative No.2 is located in the salt fields to the east of the Hanbei Road, the east of Wuqi Village and the Yingcheng Smelting Plant in the Hangu District. It is far fi-om the Baohai Bay and has no rivers and water bodies nearby. A comparison and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each site is presented in Table 6-1-3-4. Table 6-1-3-4 Comparison of Sites for the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant 6-8 No. Item Plan No. I (proposed) Plan No.2 (alternative) 1. It is about 14km to the 1. It is about 10km to the south of the urban area of south of the urban area of the Hangu District and is the Hangu District and is located at the lower reaches located at the lower reaches of the drainage pipe of the drainage pipe networlk network of the district. of the district. 2. It is spacious and is 2. It is in the middle of the surrounded by Hangu chemical industrial area Oxidation Pond, Hangu which will enjoy a Wastewater Reservoir and long-term development and Yingcheng Reservoir. is next to Wuqi Village and Residential areas, scenic Yingcheng Smelting Plant. Environmental spots and historical sites 3. It is close to the Hanbei conditions of the and natural reserves and Road, enjoying a conveniienit site other sensitive protective traffic. targets cannot be found witin2k arun the st. 4. Natural river course leading to the Bohai Bay is 3. It is accessible by roads unavailable. and enjoys a convenient traffic. Power source lines are available nearby, hence guarantee of power supply. 4. It is next to the Jiyunhe River and a wastewater reservoir, which is convenient for discharge of wastewater. The site is spacious, where It is located in the middle of wind is strong, which is the chemical industrial area Conditions of good to the spread of air. whose development has spread and Its leading wind is SSW and been planned, where there 2 impacts of stinky human and livestock are many factories, which gas habitats are unavailable will affect spread of ailr. within 2km at the leeward Stinky gas may have side of south wind, impacts on the nearby chemical industrial area. The abandoned oxidation It will occupy 25ha. of salt Change in the pond will be used and land fields, 300,000 Yuan / ha.. 3 nature of land won't be acquired. There is Nature of land will be no change in the nature of changed. land. Emigration and Nil Nil 4 demolition and relocation 6-9 Land Nil 7.50 million Yuan acquisitio Inve n fees sntmne Inlet Laying of pipes L=3050m Nil Capi water Investment is around 9.15 5 tal million Yuan. const Nil Pressure pumping station ructi will be built and pipes will on Drainage be laid (L=5100m), whiclh will Increase an investmenit of 25 million Yuan. The follow-up oxidation It is not good to the rationial pond can further be treated. use of the valuable land Its tail water can improve resources of the chelical the water quality of the industrial area. The estuary 6 Extension in the Hangu Wastewater of its tail water is located in future Reservoir or serve as a the Tianjin Ancient supplement to the Seashore and Wet Land Yingcheng Reservoir. Natural Reserves, for whiclh protection must be strengthened. From the above table it can be seen that the both sites are feasible based on the analysis of such construction conditions as geographical location, environmental conditions, land acquisition, resettlement and relocation, etc. Since natural river course is unavailable for effluent discharge in Alternative No.2, a pumping station and water pipes (5.1 km) must be built, increasing investment by RMB23.35 million Yuan. In conclusion, Alternative No. 1 is selected as the site of the wastewater treatmenit plant. 6.1.4 Drainage pipe network 6.1.4.1 Contents of plans (1) Nancang and Beicang Subproject 1) Storm water plan Plan No.1 a. Dredge Fengchanhe River (3 km), including bank revetment and greeninig. b. Divide service area into two system, one in the south and the other on the north side of Fengchanhe River. c. Construct trunk sewer along the Jingjin Highway, Gaofeng Road and Chaoyang Road on both sides of the Fengchanhe River, totaling 9.9 km, with discharge outlets towards the Fengchanhe River. d. Upgrade the original agricultural pumping station (Q=19.3m3/s) at the intersection of Beiyunhe River and Fengchanhe River and construct a new pumping station (Q=3m3/s) at the intersection between the Tiedong Road and Jingshan Railway, which will occupy 2 about 1,000 m of land. 6-10 Plan No.2 a. Divide the service area into two system, one in the south and the other in the nor-tl side of Fengchanhe River. b. Construct trunk sewer lines along the Jingjin Highway, Gaofeng Road and Chaoyang Road to the south and north of the Fengchanhe River, totaling 9.9 km c. Construct tow rows of square culverts at the northern side of the Fengchanhe River, to allow discharge of storm water through three newly built river-crossing pipes and then to a pumping station. d. Construct a new pumping station (Q=19.3m3/s) at one side of the Beiyunhe River and to the north of the Fengchanhe River, which will occupy around 10,000 m2. 2) Wastewater a. Demolish two existing pumping stations at Shunyi Road and Beicang Road and bul Id a new wastewater pumping station inside the Beicang Nursery Garden (Q=19.3m3/s), 2 which will occupy around 2,000m b. Construct trunk sewer pipes along the Gaofeng Road and Beicang Road, totaling 9.5 km and discharge the water into the collection well in front of the Beicang Wastewater Treatment Plant. Plan No.2 a. Upgrade/rebuild the two existing wastewater pumping stations at Shunyi Road and Beicang Road which will be operated in serial. b. Construct trunk sewer along the Nancang Road, Gaofeng Road, Chaoyang Road and Beicang Road totaling 11.2km and discharge the water to the collection well in front of the Beicang Wastewater Treatment Plant. (2) Fukang Road subproject 1) Storm water Plan No. 1 a. Laying of pipe networks is the same as plan No. 1 b. Build a pumping station (Q=l0.5m3/s and occupy around 3,000m2 of land) for both the eastern and western areas and discharge storm water into the nearby Fukang River. Plan No.2 a. Divide the service area into two, on the east and west sides of the Water Park. b. Construct trunk sewer line along the Shuishang East Road, Weijin South Road and Shuishang North Road and a pumping station (Q=4.1 m3/s and around 1,500m2) to discharge storm water into the Weijinhe River, in the eastern area. c. Construct trunk sewer pipes along the Shuishang West Road, Yingshui Road and Congming Road and a pumping station (Q=6.4m3/s and 2,500m2 of land) and discharge storm to the Fukang River, in the western area. 2) Wastewater plan Plan No. I a. Construct trunk sewer pipes along the Shuishang North Road, Congming Road and Shuishang West Road and the Yingshui Road Pumping Station (Q=0.58m3/s and 6-1 1 around l,000m2 of land). b. Relocate the Yingshui Road Pumping Station to the greener-y patches in the southwestern corner at the intersection between the Hongqi South Road and Yilgshui Road. c. Avoid occupying the Outer Ring Road green belt by Outer Ring Road Wastewater Pumping Station. Plan No.2 a. Same as Plan No. I b. Construct trunk sewer pipes along the Yingshui Road and connect with the Fukang Road Pumping Station and Wangdingdi Pumping Station, and construct the Outer Ring Road Pumping Station (Q=2.56m3/s and around 2,000m2 of land) to pump the wastewater to the Xianyang Road Wastewater Treatment Plant. (3) Southern Suburb Beyond subproject 1) Storm water plans Plan No. I a. Construct trunk sewer pipes along the Dongting Road. b. Connect the branch wastewater pipes of the Heyan Road, Nujiang Road, Dongj iang Road, Fengyan Road, Zhujiang Road and Yanshui Road with the trunk pipes, and lift the storm water by the new Dongting Road Pumping Station (Q=9.135m3/s and around 3,000 m2 of land) to the Nanweidihe River. c. Fill the Changtai Irrigation Channel and build the Dongting Road. Plan No.2 a. To the north of the Zhujiang Road, construct trunk sewer pipes along the Dongting Road, Heyan Road, Nujiang Road, Dongjiang Road and Fengyan Road, connect branch pipes with the trunk and lift storm water by the new Dongting Road Pumping Station (Q=9.135m3 /s and around 3,000m2 of land) into the Nanweidihe River. b. To the south of the Zhujiang Road, discharge storm water from the Zhujiang Road and Yanshui Road directly into the Changtai Irrigation Channel. 2) Wastewater plans Plan No. 1 Construct trunk pipes along the Dongting Road. a. Connect the branch wastewater pipes of the Heyan Road, Nujiang Road, Dongjiang Road, Fengyan Road and Yanshui Road with the trunk pipes and discharge wastewater from the south to the Songjiang Road Pumping Wastewater Station (to be built). b. Fill Changtai Irrigation Channel and build the Dongting Road. Plan No.2 Do nothing. 6.1.4.2 Comparison of plans Based on the feasibility study reports of the various subprojects of the drainage network upgrading component, the engineering analysis of this subproject and on site 6-12 investigation, a comparison of different plans is made from the envilronmlllenlt perspective The results of the comparison is presented in Table 6-1-4- 1. Table 6-1-4-1 Comparison of the Plans for Drainage Network Compoent Project Plan Plai coimparison Favorable Unfavorable 1. Rain water enters the nearby 1. It involves the dredging and river, complying with the principles control of the Fengchanhlle River, E of the planning. whose quantities are higlh. Dredged 2. Alteration of the original bed mud must be disposed. p agricultural pumping station, whose 2. The regulation pumplllg station quantities are few. to be built will occupy land. 'c3. The regulation pumping station 0 can regulate the water level of the 3 Fengchanhe River to ensure rain CD water to flow into the river itself. x 4. Control of the Fengchanhe River can both beautify the environment and ensure the quality of discharged - water. 1. It has nothinig to do with the 1. 2km of square culverts must be H r Fengchanhe River, hence dredging laid. There are many idusLtl-ial CD 5 is uinecessary. enterprises along the northern side Z0Z of the Fengchaniie River now, which will necessitate a large amount of demolition and CD B X relocation. 2. Three river-crossing pipes must CD wbe built. 0 a1) 3. The pumping station to be buLlt oqQ_ will Occupy land. 1. A pumping station will be built 1. It will affect some of the trees and wastewater will be discharged inside the garden. 0. 'R after being lifted one time, whose 2. The wastewater pumping station o m) energy loss is low and management to be built will affect the is simnple. environmiieent. c o 2. Laying of main pipes along the available roads ensures little demolition. Wastewater main pipes CD to he laid ire few 1. Reconstruction of the original 1. The 2 pumping stations will be C pumping stations has few impacts connected in series, whichi is on the environment. complicated and inconvenient for 0 management. 2. Laying of main pipes along the Chaoyang Road (being planned) necessitates the demolitioni of the factory buildings along the railway and the road sides, whose quantities are large, 1. A pumping station will be built, 1. Pipes must be laid more deeply 'i~ m ~ >. whose quantities are small, in some places. 0 X7 investment low, management ~ D D) x g 3 convenient and operational P expenses low. 0 = 2. It will reduce land to be acquired. X 3. An outlet line will he cancelled, 6-13 r 1. Outlet wastewater will flow into 1. Two pUlllpinlg stations will be the nearby river. built, whose quantities are large, investment hligl and maniagemiienit inconyveniie nt. 1. The same as above. I. Land should be acqulr-ed 2. Impacts on the targets of separately. CD environmental protection are o _ avolded. 3. Planned greenery belts won't be X affected. CD CD 1 1. Connect with the wastewater in 1. The Yingshui Road Pumpinig E the surrounding wastewater Station is too near to the protected z discharge blank areas, which is environmenital protection targets, i favorable to the improvement of the which must cause imlpacts. 2 drainage system. 2. The OLuter Ring Road Wastewater Treatment Pumplllng Station will affect the plannecd _. greenery belts within the Outel- Ring Road. 1. The Changtai Irrigation Channel 1. While carrying out the will be filled and the planned construction of the project, CD Dongting Road will be built, which construction of the planned road O: ~-comply with the overall planning of and control of the Changtai 3 Z the city. Irrigation Chainmel need extra fuLnds. :3 P 2. At present, the Changtai c_ Irrigation Channel is seriously polluted, which should be solved 5 X 1. Low investment 1. Changtai Irrigation Channiiel e 2. Pumping station sets can be must be dredged, whlich fails to c installed in stages. comply with the planninig, Z according to whicih the Changtai iJ SIrrigation Channel should be filled w ;) and the planned Dongting Road should be built. 3 2. Discharge of the wastewater to c < the south of the Zhujianig Road into Changtai Irrigation Channel may S. cause accumulation of wastewater. a 1. The Changtai Irrigation Channel 1. While carrying out the will be filled and the planned construction of the project, Dongting Road will be built, which construction of the planned roacd : comply with the overall planning of and control of the Changtai 9 3 Z the city. Irrigation Channiiel need extra P 2. At present, the Changtai funds. CD Irrigation Channel is seriously polluted, which should be solved ______ _6-soon- 6-14 Legend: | Original building .l Proposed building Available enclosure wall - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~unit ,m <- 20m, ,. ,,,., w. . . . ., vw........... .. . n ./., r. vr-#w vr,..... ... .... .... . ...... r ... ut :a njm f ~ ~~~~Yiegi * F Wropoed p ping §8tiQw ...... .. ....... ........... .......... ... .- -- . I ................... A cadem y of __, 1 -'Environmental 3!1 c 2. > i Science ,c l M l w b' Figure [Wmur?lyisei~ei ___.............. ______ _.. Peripheral C onditions of __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ the O niginal Plan of the (47 Z Yingshui Road Pumping I. QStation co. 1. No investment I. At present, the Clhangtai Irrigation Chai-niel is seriously z polluted, whichl must be solved soon. 2. Wastewater withlin the service area has no way out. After the implementationi of the rain water . work, rain water and wastewater may still he discharged togetiher- 6.1.4.3 Conclusion of the comparison It must be pointed out that there are presently buildings on the site on whicih the Yingshui Road Pumping Station is to be built (subordinate to the Xinhua News Agency Tianjin Branch, Figure 6-1-4-1). If the site is selected for the work, the existing buildings must be dismantled and relocated. And there will be many sensitive receptors around the boundary of the station. Especially the pumping station will only be about 10 m away from the 9-stories Xinhuayuan residential building. Though the station will be a completely closed based on design and a purification facility will be installed to ensure the emission meeting the standards and regulated, nuisance odor emission will still occur when bar screen residues are taken out and transported. As the residential buildings are located immediately adjacent to the station boundary, the emissionis is expected to have strong adverse impacts although the impacts may be interiiuttent occurring during bar screen cleaning. In addition, an air emission chimney must be built in the area which must be higher than the adjacent residential buildings (30 m of the 9-story building) based on relevant regulations, Such a high chimney will affect the local landscape. The EA team believes that the site is unfeasible and recommends the project proponent and designer to consider the alternative to select another site to avoid serious consequences. In view of the above, the EA Team and the planning department proposed the alternative site, namely, the corner to the northwest of the intersection of the Hongqi South Road and Yingshui Road. Based on the inforrnation provided by the designer, the wastewater pumping station to be built at the site will be an underground and items which cannot be installed under the ground (such as bar screen well and outlet basin) will be sealed completely and purification facilities will be used (such as the biological filtering and purification facility). The part on the ground will be afforested (such as planting climbing plants and construction of flower beds on the roof, etc.). Based on the experience of other operating pumping stations, nuisance odor emission will be greatly reduced after the above design measures are adopted. Thus impact can be minimized to the neighboring hotel (around 1lm from the boundary of the station) to the west and residential buildings (Yingshuinanli buildings I# and 2#, 20m from the boundary of the station). 6.2 Analysis of the alternatives for wastewater treatment technology SBR (biological phosphorus removal and nitrition technology) and oxidation ditch are considered for comparison as possible technologies to be used in the Shuainglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant. The comparison is made in capital cost, operation costs, power consumption, land occupation, wastewater stability and quality of outlet water, as shown in Table 6-2-1. Table 6-2-1 Comparison of Technologies for the Wastewater Treatment Plants 6-15 Plan Plan No.l (proposed) Plan No.2 (alternative) Simple process flow SBR Oxidation channel 1) Removal rate of organic 1) Removal rate of organic substance is guaranteed. substance is guaranteed. 2) After nitrition, ammonia 2) After nitrition, ammoniia and nitrogen can meet and nitrogen can meet requirements on outlet water. requirements on outlet Quality of outlet water 3) It is dominated by water. biological phosphorus 3) Biological phosphorus removal and assisted by removal can ensure outlet chemical phosphorus water to reach standards. removal, which can ensure outlet water to reach standards, Sludge stability Sludge is digested by After extended aeration, anaerobic bacteria at a sludge becomes basically moderate temperature, stable. Total investment 34230.85 (20235) 34884.18 (23251) ( 10,000 Yuan) Land occupation (ha.) 18.9 (10.67) 24.5 (14.06) Unit operation costs 0.40 (0.58) 0.54 (0.72) (Yuan/mr3) Unit power 0.207 (0.23) 0.407 (0.43) consumption (kW h/t) Operation performance Complicated Simple Sludge quality Stable to aerobic bacteria Stable to aerobic bacteria Shock resistance Strong Strong Note: Data in the brackets are those for the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant and those outside the brackets are data for the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. From the above table it can be seen that the organic substance removal rate and effects of phosphorus removal and denitrification by both technologies can meet requirements and their processes are simple and have a strong shock resistance. In terms of the analysis of technical and economic indexes, investment costs, annual total operation costs and unit operation costs, as well as power consumption and land occupation, SBR technology is more economical and feasible. SBR is also one of the technologies recommended by the Policies on Urban Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Control Technologies of China and has been adopted by the wastewater treatment plants in Kunming, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places in China. Operation experience fi-om these other plants have shown that it has a reliable performance. US EPA also considers SBR technology as low investment, low operating costs and high benefits. Today, there are several hundreds of SBR wastewater treatment plants throughout the world whici are in successful operation. In particular, ammonia and nitrogen presently discharged into the Bohai Sea from Tianjin and its neighboring provinces greatly exceed the assimilative capability of the Bohai Sea and cause the eutrophication and frequent red tide of the Bohai Bay. To solve this problem, the Tianjin Municipality has promulgated the Bohai Clear Sea Program of 6-16 Tianjin and Notice of the Tianjin People's Government on the Prohibition of the Sale and Use of Phosphorus-Containing Detergents and other regulatory documents in order to restrict nitrogen and phosphorus discharge into the sea and alleviate the eutrophication. For this reason, wastewater treatment plants to be built in the city are required to have phosphorus removal and denitrification capability. Therefore, wastewater treatment technologies without phosphorus removal and denitriFication capability are excluded during the selection of wastewater treatment technologies. 6.3 Alternatives for sludge disposal 6.3.1 Disposal of the sludge dredged from the Dagu Canal After on site survey, investigation and research along the Dagu Canal, six sites have been proposed as possible sediment landfill sites. They. are Lubeikou, Jugezhuang, Baiwan Road, Zhouxinzhuang, Gegu and Dengcenzi. Their basic conditions are presented in Figure 6-3-1-1 and Table 6-3-1-1. Table 6-3-1-1 Site Conditions of Proposed Sediment Landfills Pile No. along the Current Site Name Location Dagu river situation of Se nsitive target No. course land utilization ._ _(Km+m) Lubeikou in the A fish pond lOm from Jinxi 1# Lubeiko Xiqing District, to 14+245 formerly a Guangming u the east of the Jinda formrl a Steel-Casting Steel Pipe Co. borrow pit of Factory the brickyard Dahanzhuang Wasteland Jugezhu Brickyard at which was No sensitive 2# Jugezhu Brickyard at 29+270 . formerly a target within ang Jugezhuang, Jinan borrow pit of 1 Km Distnict the brickyard Convergence Baiwan between the lSm from the 3# Road. Hongninhe River 33+480 Farnland Hongnihe River and Xianfenghe . River 50m from an Zhouxin Zhouxinzhuang 40±540 Fa d expressway zhuang Pumping Station under constructioon Near the Gegu 200m from 5# Gegu Transformer 49+670 Farmland Tianjin Bohai Substation Iron Works Dengcenzi reed .. Dengcen pond at the southern Abandoned No sensitive 611 zi bank of the Dagu 45+105 wasteland target within Canal lKm Note: The Hongnihe River is a water transportation river course for the Yellow River 6-17 Legend: I / - Project location A U ~~~~Available sewage ng ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~treatment plant __________________ 0~~~~~~G Sewage pumping station Check gate MU3* 'M --' 1l-l X§;r lL-t;= ~ ~ ~ -River course Note: Sites selected are 1, 2 and 6 Iyae ir Environmental Science ; j E F ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Figure 6-3 -1 -1 Proposed Site of the Dagu Blowdown River Sludge Filling - * , .-nO c°ta Water to Tianjin Project, as well as one in the South Water to North Project which is being planned. Having been dredged, it has been included a standby water source river course by the Water Pollution Prevention and Control 10'h Five Year Program of Tianj ill, being a key target for protection. The advantages and disadvantages of the sites are compared and scored from the perspective of environmental protection and impact minimization includilng the land utilization and sensitive receptors (Table 6-3-2-2). Table 6-3-2 Analysis of the Comparison of Sites to be Selected Site location Baiwan Judgement Lubeikou Jugezhuang Road Zhouxinzhuang Gegu Dengcenizi factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Current situation of 2 3 1 1 1 3 land utilization Sensitive 2 3 2 2 2 3 target__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Total 4 6 2 3 3 6 Note: "3" in the table means ideal; "2" refers to appropriate; " I" inappropriate. Based on the comparison of Table 4.2-2, Jugezhuang and Dengcenzi are ideal among the six sites. Lubeikou is also basically acceptable, although not as good as Jugezhuang and Dengcenzi. Baiwan Road, Zhouxinzhuang and Gegu sites are not acceptable, because: (1) Among the six sites, three occupy farmland, which fails to comply with the basic principle of protection of arable land in the country. To protect the limited farmland and arable land resources, Baiwan Road, Zhouxinzhuang and Gegu sites are deemed inappropriate. Dengcenzi is an abandoned wasteland, not arable, and Lubeikou and Jugezhuang were the borrow pits for brickyards in the past, also not arable. However, considering that at present Lubeikou is a fishpond and Jugezhuang is an abandoned pit, therefore, Jugezhuang and Dengcenzi are the most appropriate, while Lubeikou is acceptable. The other three sites are not accepted (2) Potential impacts to sensitive receptors by the landfill sites are also key factors for selecting the site. Among the sites to be selected, Jugezhuang and Dengcenzi are sLIlTounded by open land and there is no sensitive receptors such as village nor major traffic roads and enterprises with I km radius. Hence, they are the most appropriate. In contrast, Lubeikou is only 10 m from the Jinxi Guangming Steel mill, Zhouxinzhuang is 50 m to an expressway under construction and Gegu site is 200 m away from Tianin Bohai Iron Works. Operation of landfills at these sites could disturb the above enterprises or expressway. Therefore, they are less appropriate. As for Baiwan Road site, it is only 15 m from the Hongnihe River which is part of the Yellow River diversion project, as well as the South Water diversion project being planned. The waterway has been included a backup water source by the 10' Five Year Water Pollution Control Program of Tianjin and a key protection target. Obviously, it is unfeasible to construct a sludge landfill at this site. In summary, Jugezhuang and Dengcenzi sites are the most appropriate from the environmental point view, while the Lubeikou site basically feasible. The Baiwan Road, Zhouxinzhuang and Gegu site are not acceptable as a sludge landfill sites and are 6-18 rejected. Based on the above results, there are two options for sludge landfill sites: 1#, 2# and 64 sites or 1# and 6# sites only. A comparison is made between the two options based on the transportation distance and quantity of sludge requiring disposal, as shown in the following tables: Option I (three sites) Site No. Source of Volume of sludge Transport 2 (in3 * KiT) pollution which must be filled distance (3) (Km) 2 7657 1 7 3 6565 13 1# 4 33176 17 2643403 5 53393 12 6 7380 7 8 25840 6 2# 9 12600 14 1404251 8A 124898 7.5 6# 8A 124898 5 2508188 10 209300 9 Total 691630 9.48' 6555842 Note: 1. Weighted average of the transportation distance of the sites; 2. Quantity of transportation = volume transportation distance Option II (Two sites) Site No. Source of Volume of sludge Transport 2 (im3 * Kmi) pollution which must be filled distance (m3) (Km) 2 76570 3 6565 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1# 4 33176 2643403 5 53393 6 7380 10 209300 8 25840 6# 9 17010 4935845 9A 12600 8A 249795 Total 691629 7579248 Note: 1. Weighted average of the transportation distance of the sites; 2. Quantity of transportation = volume X transportation distance From the above results it can be seen that in option I, quantity of sludge to be transported is 655,5842 mi3 * Km and that of option II is 757,9248 m3 * Kmn, which exceeds Option I by 102,3406 m3 * Km. This indicates that if Option I is adopted, 6-19 sludge to be transported can be reduced by 15.6%. This can not only markedly reduce engineering costs for sludge transportation but also effectively lower the pollution to the environment along the roads during sludge transportation. To summarize, after the analysis of the feasibility of the above proposed landfill sites and comparison of the options and from the perspective of environmental proteciton and economic operation, the EA Team selected Option I, namely, to use 1#, 2# and 6# site as the sludge disposal sites which has been adopted by the project proponent. 6.3.2 Alternatives of Sludge disposal 6.3.2.1 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and drainage pumping stations sludge In the feasibility study report of the project, the designer has proposed to take effective treatment measures to the sludge generated from the wastewater treatimnent plants and pumping stations. Sludge from pumping stations will be transported to wastewater treatment plants, where it will be treated together with the sludge of the plants. It is proposed to dispose the sludge from wastewater treatment plants in a sanitary landfill currently under planning in Guanzhuang. Since the landfill may not be completed by the time the wastewater treatment plant is operational, sludge disposal could be an issue at the first few years of operation. The EA team proposed two alternatives as an interim sludge disposal options unilt the landfill is constructed: One is to send sludge to the sludge landfill used for Dagu Canal dredging work and the other is use the sludge as a soil conditioner in land disposal for the Haifeng Avenue afforestation project. When the landfill is constructed, the sludge of this project will be sent there for sanitary landfill. Comparison and selection of the two alternatives are shown in Table 6-3-1. Table 6-3-1 Comparison of Interim Sludge Disposal Options Comparison of plans Plan Explanation Advantages Disadvantages Send to the sludge 1) It has a short distance (about 5km Number of filling yard of the only ) and transportation is years which Dagu Canal for convenient; can be used is Sanitary sanitary filling. conveient only one. filling 2) Its design complies with sanitary filling standards and sludge of this project, if accepted, won't cause secondary pollution. Ameliorate the soils 1 ) The project will be completed in Transportation of the Haifeng 2010 and number of years which can distance is far. Avenue be used is long; afforestation in the 2 )When used for ameliorating the soils Afforest new coastal district for afforestation, it won't enter the Affor proest ation project. food chain and cause secondary pollution; 3 ) Wastes will be changed into treasure, which complies with the principle of comprehensive utilization. 6-20 Based on the result of the comparison and with all factors considered, the EA recommend to take the afforestation plan as the preferred option. 6.3.2 Sludge Disposal for Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant It is proposed in the feasibility study report of this project that dewatered sludge be sent to the Hangu solid waste landfill for disposal. In 2011, the landfill will be full and closed, so a long term sludge disposal plan is needed. This EA propose to reuse the sludge in green and wood land in the short terms to avoid occupying landfill space and prolong landfill life. Over the long term, sludge sanitary landfill site will be built for sludge disposal for Tanggu Xinhe Wastewater Treatment Plant and Beitang Wastewater Treatment Plant which are to be built in the new coastal district, as well as the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant in this project. Comparison and selection of the plans are shown in table 6-3-2 . 6-21 Table 6-3-2 Comparison of the Sludge Treatment Plans for the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Comparison of plans yield (t/d) Advantages Disadvantages 43.5 1) Reduction in the expenses for I Heavy loads; To the Hangu further dehydration of sludge; 2 Near Sanitary Trash Treatment (containi 2 Occupation of land; future filling Yard for ng 80% of 2) Design complies with sanitary filling sanitary filling water) standards and avoids secondary 3) Large volume and large amount of water) pollution. transportation. 1) Extra expenses for drying; 1) Small in volume and small amount 2) It is not an ideal candidate for of transportation; surface coverage soil due to heavy 25 2. Design complies withsmetals and other harmful To the Hangu 25 2) Desilgn compes with anitr substances; Trash Treatment (containi filling standards and avoids Coverage Yard for ng 40% of secondary pollution; 3) The Hangu Trash Treatment Yard coverage water) 3) Wastes are changed into usable will be shut down in 2011 and resources, which complies with the only the sludge generated in the principle of comprehensive Hangu Wastewater Treatment uiization. Plant in the near future can enter the yard to serve as coverage Soils. 6-22 I) Content of nutritious substances in sludge is higher than agricultural Fertilizer for the 25 fertilizer, which is good for I) Extra expenses for drying; Afforestatio afforestation of the (containi amelioration of soils; 2) Since it contains heavy metals, it n Haibin Avenue ng 40% of 2) Wastes are changed into usable should not be used for a long time; protection forest. water) resources, which complies with the 3) Its transportation distance is long. pnnciple of comprehensive utilization. 1) Technology is simple, mature and 1) Construction of filling yard needs To the investment; Sanitary newly-built 260 totally reliable; Future filling sludge filling in the four 2) It solves the final way out of sludge 2) Occupation of land; yard for filling plants disposal, thus avoiding secondary 3) Sludge transportation distance is pollution. long. 6-23 7 Benefits to Bohai Sea and Gagu Canal Area 7.1 Numerical simulation of the impacts on water quality of the Baohai Bay Numerical simulation is employed to calculate the space and time distribution of the N, P and COD in the Bohai Bay based on the current conditions of wastewater discharge and total pollutant load control and reduction. 7.1.1 Introduction to mathematical model 7.1.1.1 Hydrodynamic model ( 1 ) Control equation Water depth integral two-dimensional shallow water wave equation is adopted as the control equation, which is expressed as; ap + +Q = 0 At ax 40 Momentum equation: ar +fia (Pu)+ (Pv) =fQ + gH + pnCsW, at ax ay ax goplp2 +o0 2 E( p ~P P2+ E (a p 2pj~ H2c2 ax2 &y2 ) Where: P = uH and Q = vH are the single width flows along x and y; u and v are the flow velocities along x and y; ,B is the momentum correction factor due to nonuniform vertical velocity; 4 is the water level of a free surface; H is the total water depth; f = 2wsin 5 is Koster's force; 7-24 wo is the rotational angular velocity of the earth; 0 is latitude; p,, is air density; C, is water-air friction resistance coefficient; Wr and W', are the components of wind speed along x and y and WP, is the resultant velocity of wind speed; C. is Shecai coefficient; E is comprehensive spread coefficient. (2) Initial and marginal conditions To ensure the correct treatment of borders, area of calculation of flow field selects the entire Bohai Sea and the eastern border is the line that connects Dalian City and Yantai City. I ) Initial conditions Assume the initial field is static and flow velocity and water level are all zero. 2) Bordering conditions Open border adopts water level border conditions, i.e., the given sea level while the closed border assumes the normal flow velocity be zero. ( 3 ) Difference scheme Alternating direction implicit method (ADI) is employed to solve the hydrodynamic equation set . The method is characterized by such advantages as quick calculation speed, small storage and good stability, etc. The implicit has a second order precision in both time and space and its stable constantly, but it has a limitation on time step length. Its stability condition is: Cf = 2At gH( Ax + Ay2 ) (4) Verification of the hydrodynamic model 7-25 The hydrodynamic model established above is employed to simulate the flow field of the Bohai Sea in August 1993. A comparison was made between the calculated water level at the Tanggu Station and the sea level in the 1993 tide list, whose results are shown in Figure 7-1-1-1. A comparison was also made between the flow velocity data actually measured in the sea in 1993 and numerical simulation, whose results are shown in Figures 7-1-1-2 to 7-1-1-4. For the locations of the various stations, refer to Table 7-1-1 -I . Table 7-1-1-1 Locations of the Various Measurement Stations Station No. Longitude Latitude Tanggu 117o 43' 390 00' C14 1180 45' 380 30' E14 1180 20' 380 35' Fl 1170 58' 390 00' From Figure 7- 1- 1-1 it can be seen that the actually measured water level values at the Tanggu Station fits well with the results of numerical simulation. And the time-flow velocity process at C14, E14 and Fl measurement stations also match the actually measured flow velocity process line satisfactorily. Since the calculated opening border adopts the conditions of water level border and what is verified is flow velocity, therefore, the results of the calculation are reliable. This means that simulation of the flow field of the Bohai Sea with this hydrodynamic model is feasible and reliable. 7.1.1.2 Convection spread model (1) Control equation Water depth integral convection spread equation is employed as control equation: alC aPC. N-i a C ac ac~ + + = ID,, + HD at ax ay ax ax XY ay + HDyx a + HDy j ) HS Where: C is the concentration of various index substances; H is water depth; P = uH and Q = vH are the single width flow along x andy; S is source item; DXX D y,, and Dyy are the horizontal spread coefficients along x and y, whose specific expression is: (kP2 +k,O 2 C P2 + Q2 7-26 D =D (k, -,) Pkj / ! C, p2+ Q2 Where, k1 is longitudinal dispersion coefficient, k, is lateral turbulent dissipation coefficient; Cz is Xiecai coefficient. (2) Difference scheme ADI-QUICK scheme is employed to solve equation (a). The scheme has second order precision and during solution, it can be divided into several groups of triple diagonal equation sets along x and y. Solution is conducted by pursue method, whose calculation efficiency is high. Its stability condition is: uAt vAt 2 + 2 Ax Ay While simulating concentration field, equations (0, (.D, ( and (A) must be solved at the same time. (3) Verification of convection spread model Convection spread model is used to simulate the convection spread process of the continuous source in the infinite plane of uniform flow velocity field. Figure 7-1-1-5 is the comparison between the results of numerical simulation and analytic solutions and it can be seen that the two match each other very well. 7-27 2.00 1.00 0 ** -2 00 . T 400.00 420.00 440.00 460.00 480.00 500.00 Figure 7-1- I -1 Comparison between the Actually Measured Water Level and Results of Calculation at the Tanggu Station ( results of calculation * actually measured value) I 00 0 80 ./ \* * 0 60 * \ / 0 40 0 20 -2 *.v + X v' -\ 0 00 40.00 42 00 44 00 46 00 48 00 S0 00 52 00 5400 5600 58 00 60 00 62 00 64 00 66 00 66 00 Figure 7-1-1-2 Comparison between the Actually Measured Flow Velocity and Results of Calculation at C14 Station ( results of calculation * actually measured value) 7-28 1.0 0/\ 0 80 0 60 / 0 4 0 / /; , '/ '' I I~ ~ I . . , 0 2*0 ' I' 040 01I 0.0 ,. ', I ' j ' I V 40.00 42.00 44.00 46.00 48.00 50.00 52.00 54.00 56.00 58.00 60.00 62 00 64.00 66 00 68. Figure 7-1-1-3 Comparison between the Actually Measured Flow Velocity and Results of Calculation at E14 Station (- results of calculation * actually measured value) 1.00 0.80 060 - /. o . o** o * 0 40' 0.20* 46.00 48.00 50.00 52.00 54.00 56.00 58.00 60.00 62.00 64.00 66.00 68.00 70.00 Figure 7-1-1-4 Comparison between the Actually Measured Flow Velocity and Results of Calculation at Fl Station ( results of calculation * actually measured value) 7-29 1 00 0.50 .: 0 00 --------- -----*- 0.00 4 00 8 00 12 00 16 00 20.0 Figure 7-1-1-5 Basic Verification of Convection Spread Model (Spots are numerical solution and solid line is analytic solution) 7.1.2 Current wastewater discharge and expected reduction Table 7-1-2-1 Current Wastewater Discharge in the Dagu and Beitang Canals N (t) P (t) COD (10,000t) Dagu 5226 472 12.4 Beitang 7328 315 11.02 Table 7-1-2-2 Reduction at the Mouth of Canal in 2005 Mouth of southern Canal Mouth of Shuanglin Dagu River Total northern Canal COD (10.0t ) 1.05 1.5 2.55 1.11 TN (t ) 540 140 680 246 TP (t) 85 110 195 183 Table 7-1-2-3 Reduction at the Mouth of Canal in 2010 Mouth of southern Canal Mouth of northern Canal COD (10000t) 3.83 2.22 TN (t) 1020 492 TP (t) 292.5 274.5 7.1.3 Results of numerical simulation and analysis The mathematical model established above is employed to performn a numerical simulation of the distribution of the pollutants inside the Bohai Bay based on the current pollutant discharge and that after reduction. During calculation, the total quantity of wastewater discharged at wastewater discharge outlet is subject in Tables 7-30 7-1-2-1 to 7-1-2-3. Since detailed data are unavailable, the flow at the wastewater discharge outlet is estimated based on the historic data over the years. Water level border condition selects the sea level value of the year 2000. Tide residual current field is the physical factor which affects the transport, movement and spread of pollutants. In the course of numerical simulation, the Euler Residual Current Field of the Bohai Sea was assessed through statistical analysis (Figures 7-1-3-1 and 7-1-3-2). We can see that there are in May two big circulating currents at the mouth of the Bohai Bay and its northeastern part and in August there is a big circulating current at the mouth of the bay. Circulating current will greatly affect the movement of existing pollutants. Figures 7-1-3-3 and 7-1-3-4 are the tidal current field figures calculated on August 15 when tide rose and fell. Figures 7-1-3-5 to 7-1-3-11 are the distribution concentrations of COD, N and P in the Bohai Bay in February, May, August and October of 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively, as obtained by numerical simulation. From the data it we can be seen that I ) With the changes in the discharge quantity of wastewater, the concentration field in the bay also experienced obvious changes and their peak appeared in August during wet season; 2) After being discharged into the bay from wastewater discharge opening, pollutants will transport, move and spread more quickly towards southeast, which is identical to the trend of movement of tidal residual currents; 3) Difference in discharge quantity of wastewater in different years has a certain effect on the distribution of pollutants and among them P is the most seriously affected. This is basically identical to the reduction plan, according to which the ratio of reduction of P is the highest. Generally speaking, with the reduction of the discharge quantity of wastewater, the concentrations of the three indexes all have a drop, but by different degree. Figures 7-1-3-8 to 7-1-3-11 are the changes of the mean concentration of the pollutants with the time in the Bohai Bay in three years. From them we can see that after the total discharge quantity of wastewater is reduced, concentration of the pollutants in the bay drops and mean concentration changes obviously with the change in seasons. 7-31 0.80 . S. 0.60 a ' 0.40 /*' \\ 0 °~~ ~~ "& ' /A . o\. 0 20 0.00 'Ij- 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 36 Tine(day) Figure 7-1-3-5 Comparison of the Mean Concentration of COD in the Baohai Bay in the Same Year (spot: 2000; cross: 2005; square: 2010) 0.12 * * 0.10- A 0.08-, 0.06~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.04 -r. AAJ/ 0.02 - 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 36 Time(day) Figure 7-1-3-6 Comparison of the Mean Concentration of N in the Baohai Bay in Different Years (spot: 2000; cross: 2005; square: 2010) 6-34 0 008 ~. ./ 0 006 E' ° 004 @>' E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 002- . 0 000 ~- -- + , i r 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 Time(day) Figure 7-1-3-7 Comparison of the Mean Concentration of P in the Baohal Bay in Different Years (spot: 2000: cross: 2005; square: 2010 6-35 60 55-i O 45-- 40-- 357 'g>-> : 20- 15 i 10' 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Figure 7-1-3-8 Comparison of the Distribution of COD Concentration in February (unit: mg/I) Red: 2000 Green: 2005 Blue: 2010 6-36 60 F - 557 507 45 Tianiin 40 -qo-j~ 35- A\ 30 2 I ~~~~~~~~01 25 *,_, 8 20- 157 10-- 5- I~~~~~~~~ 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Figure 7-1-3-9 Comparison of the Distribution of COD Concentration in May (unit: mg/l ) Red: 2000 Green: 2005 Blue- 2010 6-37 60 55-- 454~* 401 35-, 20- 20- 15 1 -H 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Figure 7-1-3-10 Comparison of the Distribution of COD Concentration in August (unit: mg/I) Red: 2000 Green: 2005 Blue: 2010 6-38 60 55-- 505 40 ) *-z~ 35- l l\ 25 - 207 1 5 io_ 10 t 5-. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Figure 7-1-3-11 Comparison of the Distribution of COD Concentration in October (unit: mg/i) Red: 2000 Green: 2005 Blue: 2010 7.2 Benefits to water supply and demand in the Haihe River Basin. In order to understand the effects of the project on the supply and demand of the water resources of the Haihe River Basin, the EA Team develop,ed a simulation model for Haihe River Basin water resources supply and demand bal'ance analysis. 7.2.1 System network Schematics of system network is shown in Figure 7-2-1-1. 6-39 i~~~~~~~~~7 E C j7¶¶H-s ttZN# 7.2.2 Model structure Model structure is shown in the following figure. Z . ~3-f- - ' - --. aww 7.2.3 Conditions of model calculation 7.2.3.1 Water balance equation: Water Balance -Reser-voir surface water, transferred water reservoir capacity water balance - Calculating unit city and countryside water supply water balance - Groundwater reservoir water balance - Node surface water and ground water balance 7.2.3 .2Engineering limitations: - Limitation on reservoir capacity - Reservoir diversion ratio - Limitation on the 'flow passage capacity of river and channel - River and channel min.flow requirements - Limitation on extraction of ground water 6-40 7.2.3.3 Calculation of water, power and benefit - Calculation of return water - Calculation of discharge of wastewater - Calculation of wastewater treatment reuse - Calculation of water for power generation and electricity - Calculation of the benefits of inrdustrial and agricultural water supply - Calculation of the benefits of power generation 7.2.3.4 Other limitations - Ratio of water source utilization in different areas - System guaranteed output 7.2.4 Results of calculation Results of calculation are shown in Table 7-2-4-1 and Figure 7-2-4-1. Table 7-2-4-1 Supply and Demand of Water Resourcesof the Haihe River Basin _, l_ _________________________________ W ater supply Levele_ _i|t_ _I___ l year 1 LA 1.ra re7useotl urac I gon [ es tase otal[ l r r_ r i tto-taL _L-99.1_sLFA.24_ 15-01Lun.L reuse Lr]1 l______0 0 __5_ _ ___9_ IL 5.0Q_2_ L -__9_75-68- 1370.45Qt ~~~~4.5137 f1zJ 6.LIQI]_97 L9&1ATh71l89.00A50i &ODi 20..8 1185 19I Z4.&1E7Q8 L 2030 [7.99275475QiLL3.i Jz F-I LA4-6 ]91 35.i 139 3-I[ 22.97.F2t[63 F 275.28 .1 76 l_________ lJ City Demand Taefll Tta 8 j Levelyear m |ountrysideJ _ _1 Y 100 iltilion (108) m3i r2iI ----n 1 -a 6 X I~~~~ 11 9 7IL 9.2 Ei 349.47 ILM50-L -7144_.1- ~73K797 1 -76.24.- li I 20i0 12237.72 II 348.34~ II4 ll A IE 1 41 -L 9a3-7- _4__J 2 J4 54L3.5i1 5 F25.2Q . 75.86101,06- 600 NW* 500 deficit w. 400 .. l!l *out a 400 =water g0 300 BF$2t treated w. 41 200 * JtkT7*grd. 100 w. 0 1997 2010 2030 surf. w. Figure 7-2-4-l Supply and Demand of the Water Resources in the Haihe River Basin From the above table and figure it can be seen that in the future (2010 and 2030) water shortage in the Haihe River Basin will not only exist for a long time but also will increase over years. Since the supply of various water resources in the Haihe River 6-41 Basin is basically saturated, therefore, wastewater reuse in the.area becomes a urgelnt issue. The water reuse subproject in this WB financed project is just a wastewater reuse demonstration project. Though the project is small, its implementation can help identify a feasible way for solving the water shortage of the Haihe River Basin. In the meantime, after wastewater treatment plants are built and the Dagu Canal control subproject completed, the water quality of some surface water will be improved, thus providing a reliable source for the agricultural water and some urban water (such as urban landscape watering) in the basin. 7.3 Analysis of the comprehensive benefits of the control of the Dagu Canal 7.3.1 Analysis of social and economic benefits Based on the requirement of Tianjin's I o1h five year plan for Environmental Protection, Tianjin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan and Tianjin Standard Compliance Action Plan, all the industrial pollution sources of Tianjin must discharge in compliance with standards by the end of 2000. The Xianyang Road Wastewater Treatment Plant Will be completed and put into use in 2003. By 2005, the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and Jizhuangzi Expansion plan will be completed. After the construction of the above projects, the quality of the water environment of Tianjin will be greatly improved. However, the Dagu Canal, as an important wastewater discharging course in the southern part of Tianjin, is seriously polluted over the past four decades, with little systematic control. The quality of the sediment is poor, especially the surface sediment, which has been seriously polluted. Release of pollutants from the sediment has seriously affected the improvement of the water quality in the river course and offshore sea area, as well as seriously discounted the benefits brought or to be brought by the various wastewater treatment plants mentioned above. The implementation of Dagu canal remediation will completely eliminate the sediment deposited in the canal and avoid the pollution of the canal water by the release of pollutants from sediment. This will thus ensure the benefits achieved by the wastewater treatment plants at the upper reaches. As such, it will have an important role in achieving sustainable development for Tianjin and protection of the city's ecological system. According to relevant information, annual water volume discharged into the Dagu Canal is 1.093 billion m3 and its sea entry water is 482 million m3. At present, the river course is seriously deposited and its water quality is poor, which affects the utilization of the water resources in the canal. The implementation of this subpro ect can eliminate sludge which has deposited for decades and totally 2.19.4d million m of sediment will be eliminated. This can not only remove the secondary pollution of water but also lower the height of canal bed effectively, to maintain good wastewater discharge capability. It can also increase the water storage capability of the river course during non-flood period and improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources effectively, thus creating a good conditions for the effective utilization and protection of water resources and the improvement of the quality of the agricultural water along the banks. On site investigation shows that at present, the water bodies in most sections of the Dagu Canal are dark and stinky and trashes can be spotted everywhere on the banks, causing poor environmental quality and landscape. After the implementation of tgeh Dagu canal remediation subproject, the current environmental conditions on the banks will be completely improved. Green belts will be constructed along the banks and in some places small gardens will be built along the banks to provide recreation places 6-42 local residents. Water quality of the canal will be greatly improved, thus the dark and stinky canal sections will be eliminated and agricultural irrigation function restored. In the meantime, there will be a great reduction in the discharge of nuisance odor from the canal and the quality of atmospheric environment within the canal area will be greatly improved, benefiting the residents on along the canal. To sum up, the implementation of this subproject thoroughly eliminates the sedimelnt which has deposited in the canal for years and solves the problem of secondary pollution due to the release of pollutants from sediment. This would ensure the goals of the wastewater treatment plants at the upper reaches and control of pollution source as well as greatly improve surrounding environmental quality benefiting the local residents along the canal 7.3.2 Benefits to the ecological environment The implementation of this subproject will mainly cause such impacts on the ecological environrment, namely, occupation of land and reduction of cultivated land along the banks. Area and type of land to be occupied by this subproject are shown in table 7-3-2-1. Table 7-3-2 -1 Area and Type of La d to be Occupied by This Subproject Type of land Wasteland Agricultural land Total occupied Temporary 939 3756 occupation of land 2817 9935 Permanent 200 0 200 occupation of land 2 Grand total 3017 939 3956 From table 7-3-2-1 it can be seen that during the construction of this subproject such work as sludge dewatering, embankment upgrading, revetment on banks and structures improvement will temporarily occupy 3756 mu of land, including 2817 mu of farnlanld and 939 mu of wasteland. But after the completion of the subproject, the occupied land will be restored and reclaimed to farmlands or afforested land. As such it won't cause obvious long lasting impacts on the ecological system of the surrounding farmlands. Permanent occupation of land mainly refers to landfill sites which are predominantly non-agricultural land. After the landfill is closed, the land can be reclaimed as greenery patches in compensation for the agricultural land lost, which would hence result in certain positive effects on the ecological environment of farmlands. Today, there are 349,000 mu of wastewater irrigated land along the Dagu Canal, including 16 towns and four state farms in the western and southern suburbs. According to the results of the Research on the Rational Utilization of Water Resources and Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Tianjin, a 6th Five Year study project of the country, areas along the Dagu Canal have been irrigated with wastewater for a long time. During that process, the farmland received more heavy metals than it released, resulting in a gradual accumulation. This indicates that wastewater irrigation of the Dagu Canal has caused impacts on the soil environmenit along the banks. 6-43 After the implementation of this subproject, sediment in the canal will be removed eliminating pollution sources. Provided that water discharged into Dagu canal meets the applicable standards through the wastewater treatment plants, the water quality of the Dagu Canal can be expected to improve significantly following the remediation. It will thus help improve farmlands conditions along the banks, especially the ecological system of the farmnlands in the wastewater irrigation areas. The dredging work of this subproject can help reduce the pollutants discharged into the sea each year: COD: 14985.4t/a; As: 1.93t/a; Cd: 0.446t/a; Hg: 0.072t/a; volatile phenol: 11.36t/a; cyanide: 0.64t/a; TN: 139.89t/a and TP: 110.62t/a. It will have an obvious positive effect on the improvement of the water quality of offshore sea area and the restoration of the ecological system of the sea. With the improvement in the water quality of the river course, the current pollution-type aquatic ecological structure of the river will experience great chaniges and gradually disappear. A diversified and complicated fresh water aquatic ecological system will be gradually restored. The assimilative capability of the river course will be restored and improved and canal will enter a whole new virtuous circle gradually. In summary Dagu canal remediation will have a great positive effect on the improvement of the ecological system in the canal and the farmlands along the banks. Water quality of the river course and its aquatic ecological system, as well as water quality of the offshore sea area and the ecological system of the sea, will receive significant environmental and ecological benefits. 6-44 8 Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measusres 8.1 Impacts on surface water 8.1. 1 Impacts on the surface water fi-om wastewater treatment plants 8.1. 1.1 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant The plant mainly accepts the wastewater in the Shuanglin dstormage area which is directly discharged into the Dagu Canal presently. Its designed capacity is 200,00 tons per day in the short term and 300,000 tons in the long term. The final effluent from the treatment plant will be discharged to Dagu Canal. (1) Water quality of the Dagu Canal System in recent years Pollutant discharge to the Dagu Canal and Shuanglin Canal in 2000 and the discharge share rate are presented in Table 8-1-1-1. The share rate in the Table is the ratio between the pollutants (water quantity) discharged to Shuanglin Canal and that to by the Dagu Canal. Table 8-1-1-1 Pollutant Discharge and Discharge Share Rate in 2000 t/a Item Dstormage system | Shuanglin Canal Dagu Canal Share rate (%) Wastewater quantity 3.14x I 07 2.60x I07 12.06 Suspended matter 8251 28196 29.26 Chemical oxygen 13556 60678 22.34 demand Biochemical oxygen 4344 24478 17.75 demand Volatile phenol 7.851 38.78 20.24 Cyanide 3.360 4.394 76.47 Arsenic 0.163 1.031 15.81 Total chromium 2.135 14.73 14.49 Cadmium 0.123 0.577 21.32 Mercury 0.009 0.084 10.71 * Analysis is made based on the relevant data in the 1996 to 2000 Tianjin Environmental Quality Report The discharge flows of the Dagu Canal from 1996 to 2000 are shown in Table 8-1-1-2. Table 8-1-1-2 Discharge of the Dagu Canal System from 1996 to 2000 t/a Year Dstormage system Jizhuangzi Wastewater Jizhuangzi Xianyang Shuanglin Total Treatment Road Plant 1996 9.08x107 8.01 x107 1.45x 10' 6.75x 10 3.82X 108 1997 9.08x107 7.82x107 1.41x108 5.43x 107 3.65xI08 1998 5.81x107 9.94x1 07 1.36xIO' 3.97x107 3.33x108 17 8 807 8 1999 4.94XI0 1.02x 10 l.O9x1 3.52xl0 2.95X 1 0 2000 9.06X 107 3.62x107 1.02X 10 3.14x 107 2.60x IO 8 (2) Water quality and volume of the Shuanglin Wastewater Discharge System Pollutants concentrations of the Shuanglin Wastewater Discharge System from 1999 to April 2001 are listed in Table 8-3. From the Table it can be seen that major pollutants, including BOD, COD, petroleum, volatile phenol, sulfide, chloride, ammonia and nitrogen, nitrite, fluoride and total phosphorus, all exceeded standards. Among heavy metals, zinc, lead and manganese also exceeded standards, indicating that the water environment of the system has been polluted to a certain extent. Table 8-1-1-3 Discharge Concentration of Pollutants from 1999 to April 2001 mg/L (except pH) No. 2001 (from Assessment Pollutant 1999 2000 January to Maluen standards April) GHZB 1-999V 1 Mercury 0.0011 0.0002 0.0003 0.0006 0.001 2 Cadmium 0.0393 0.0039 0.0006 0.0186 0.01 3 Total 0.0748 0.0682 0.0595 0.0698 0.1 (sexavalenc chromium ___________ e chromium) 4 Arsenic 0.0024 0.0051 0.0029 0.0036 0.1 5 Nickel 0.0925 0.1825 0.2775 0.1575 6 PH 7.5500 7.2658 7.3225 7.3957 6-9 7 Suspended 226.0000 262.7500 339.2500 257.9586 matter Biochemical 145.5333 138.3333 195.5000 149.5857 10 8 oxygen demand Chemical 406.667 431.6664 454.2500 424.1786 40 9 oxygen demand 10 Mineral oil 23.7333 12.3817 4.1250 16.0671 1.0 Volatile 0.2167 0.2823 0.3750 0.2679 0.1 phenol 12 Sulfide 5.7833 5.7167 5.1000 5.6571 1.0 13 Chloride 275.2500 295.7500 345.7500 294.1071 250 14 Ammonia 32.7333 38.5667 40.2500 36.3071 1.5 and nitrogen 15 Nitrite 0.1900 0.1234 0.0863 0.1466 1.0 nitrogen 16 Fluoride 1.8150 1.2433 1.6500 1.5464 1.5 17 Copper 0.0800 0.0592 0.1150 0.0761 1.0 18 Zinc 0.4108 0.2175 0.1950 0.2971 2.0 1 9 Lead 0.1528 0.1149 0.2487 0.1503 0.1 20 Iron 13.2367 6.2167 4.6100 8.9957 21 Manganese 0.3617 0.2317 0.1950 0.2822 1.0 22 Cyanide 0.4420 0.1101 0.1740 0.2615 23 Total solid 1622.8333 1389.6667 1875.0000 1558.9286 24 Dissoluble 1398.9167 1125.0000 1535.0000 1300.9643 solid Sodium 3.6450 3.7750 4.8450 3.8721 25 alkyl benzene sulfonate Total 2.8025 3.0696 4.4800 3.1566 0.2 26 phosphorus 27 Total 45.5917 48.8750 67.8000 50.1714 nitrogen Results of the monitoring of the Shuanglin Pumping Station in 2000 and during the EA are shown in Table 8-1-1-4. Table 8-1-1-4 Quality of the Wastewater in the Shuanglin Pumping Station mg/L(except pH) Item 2000 Monitoring Results Standards of this EA GHZB 1-1999V PH 7.28 6-9 SS 262 202 COD 392.29 322 10 BOD 138.33 40 Ammonia and 5.03 1.5 nitrogen Phosphate 1.52 0.2 ( total phosphorus) Petroleum 4.68 1.0 Volatile phenol 0.25 0.379 0.1 Cyanide 0.107 0.269 Mercury 0.0003 Undetected 0.001 Cadmium 0.0039 Undetected 0.01 Arsenic 0.0052 Undetected 0.1 Lead Undetected 0.1 Sexavalence 0.068 0.010 0.1 chromium Nickel 0.08 Sulfide Undetected 1.0 After the wastewater treatment plant is completed (2010), its maximum daily discharge will reach 200,000 t/d and 300,000 t/d in the future. At that time, discharge of pollutants will also increase accordingly, as shown in Table 8-1-1-5. Table 8-1-1-5 Discharge of Pollutants to the Shuanglin Canal t/a Item 2000 2010 Future Wastewater quantity 31 .4X 1 O6 73X1 06 1 09.5X 1 o0 Suspended matter 8251 19140 28710 Chemical oxygen 13560 31450 47180 demand Biochemical oxygen 4344 10080 15120 demand Volatile phenol 7.851 18.21 27.32 Cyanide 3.360 7.795 11.693 Arsenic 0.163 0.378 0.567 Total chromium 2.135 4.953 7.430 Cadmium 0.123 0.285 0.428 Mercury 0.009 0.021 0.031 NH3-N 1140.2 2650.4 3975.6 TP 99.13 230.43 345.65 (3) Impacts of the wastewater treatment plant After the wastewater treatment plant is completed, the wastewater in the Shuanglin Dstormage System will reach discharge standards before discharged to the environment. It will bring benefits to an area of 2700 ha. and a population of over 426,000 people. Reduction in pollutants after the project is completed is shown in Table 8-1-1-6. Table 8-1-1-6 Reduction in the Key Pollutants of the Shuanglin System t/a Item BOD COD SS NH3-N TP Removal rate 81 72 89 39 71 (%) Reduction in 8163.2 22644 17036 1033.7 163.6 near future Reduction in 12245 33966 25554 1550.5 245.4 future From the results in the Table it can be seen that after this plant is completed and in operation, pollutants discharged into the Xianfeng Canal will be greatly reduced. After the river is dredged, its water is expected to become clear. The effluent from the treatment plant will first be discharged into the Xianfeng Canal and then to Jugezhuang, where it is discharged into the Dagu Canal. The construction of this project will also bring positive impacts to the Dagu Canal, as well as reduced pollutants discharge into the Bohai Bay. As such, it will contribute to the water quality improvement and area ecology of the entire basin. One of the objective of this project is to improve the quality of water used for agricultural irrigation and agricultural ecology through the much improved water quality of the effluent over the raw wastewater. In addition, when conditions are ready, the treated effluent of this plant can also be reused through a water requcling system. This can also ease the water shortage in Tianjin. In summary, the construction of this project will have tremendous positive effects on water environment and is not expected to impact adversely the receiving water body. 8.1.1.2 Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Yingcheng wastewater treatment plant is mainly to treat the wastewater from the urban area of the Hangu District and the chemical industrial zone in the Tianjin Economic Development Area, which is presently discharged into the Jiyunhe River and Hangu Wastewater Reservoir. The effluent from the treatment plant is to be discharged to the Jiyunhe River. The treatment scale (maximum daily treatment capacity) of the plant is 150,000 t/d in the short term (2005) and reach 200,000 t/d in the long term (2010). At the time, pollution will increase based on the raw wastewater expected for the future. The maximum quantities of pollutants generated in the Hangu District Dstormage System are shown in Table 8-1-1-7. Table 8-1-1-7 Pollutants Generated in the Hangu District Dstorrnage System t/a Current amount of Amount of Amount of Item discharge discharge in the discharge in the (2000) near future future (2005) (2010) Wastewater 2337X 104 5475X 104 7300X 104 quantity CODcr 13348.7 28798.5 38398.0 BODs 1444.8 16206.0 21608.0 NHI-N 732.0 1861.5 2482.0 TP 150.22 421.5 562.1 SS 7981.4 16425.0 21900 After this project is completed, all the wastewater in the urban area of the Hangu District and the chemical industrial zone of Tianjin Economic Development Area (TEDA) will be collected and diverted to the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant, where it will be treated and discharged into the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir after meeting the discharge standards. During non-flood season, it will be overflowed and discharged into the sea and during flood season, it will be discharged into the Jiyunlhe River and then the Bohai Bay. Reduction of pollutants is shown in Table 8-1-1-8. Table 8-1-1-8 Reduction of Key Pollutants Item CODcr BOD5 NH3-N TP SS Near future 22228.5 12592.5 509.2 366.8 14782.5 Reduction (2005) t/a. Future 29638 16790 657 489.1 19710 (2010) Removal rate % 77 88 27 87 90 From the results of calculation in Table 8- 1 -1 -8, it can be seen that: (l) After the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant is completed and in operation, all wastewater will be collected and treated. Direct discharge of wastewater into the Jiyunhe River will be terminated, which will greatly reduce the quantity of pollutants discharged into the Jiyunhe River. This will not only contribute to the great improvement in the appearance of the water body along the Hangu Section of the Jiyunhe River but also contribute to the gradual recovery of the environmental functions of the water body. It will have positive effects on the river and in the meantime greatly reduce the pollutants discharged into the sea, thus lowering the ovemutrition of the Bohai Bay to improve the water quality of the offshore sea area. (2) As the storage of effluent, the wastewater reservoir can replace the already polluted water in the reservoir to improve water quality gradually. In the future, when oxidation pond is upgraded, effluent will be treated in depth and the wastewater reservoir can be restored as an effluent control poncl. (3) After the tidal gate is repaired, it can greatly reduce the salt content of the Jiyunhe River and restore the function of agricultural irrigation, which can improve the ecology of agriculture to some extent. (4) In the future, effluent treated by the plant will go thought tertiary treatment. Reuse project will be built to recycle the wastewater, which can not only ease the water shortage in the urban area of the Hangu District but also will further cut down the pollutants discharged into the Jiyunhe River. When the quality of water coming from the upper reaches is improved gradually, the Jiyunhe River is expected to be thoroughly controlled, hence realization of the planned protection targets regarding the functions of the water body in the Jiyunhe River. To sum up, the construction of the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant can obviously reduce the pollution loads of the Jiyunhe River, having great positive effects. 8.1.2 Impacts of the dstormage network on surface water (1) Water quality improvement of the Haihe River (upstream of Erdao Gate) I ) Total quantity of the wastewater and pollutants intercepted After the project is completed, storm water and wastewater will be separated and the Changtai Irrigation Channel will be replaced by wastewater pipes to dischar-ge wastewater into the Songjiang Road Pumping Station which is to be built, where it will enter the water collecting system of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. The total quantity of wastewater and pollutants intercepted by the proejct is shown in Table 8-1-2-1. Table 8-1-2-1 Quantity of Wastewater and Pollutants Intercepted by the Project (unit: water quantity is 10,000t/y; Cr, Cd and Hg are kg/a; others are t/a) Water quantity 2532.16 SS 1815.9 phosphate 25.0 CODcr 2177.2 Zn 5.9 BOD5 475.5 Ni 16.55 NH4-N 106.5 Cd 0.53 Petroleum 657.3 Hg 0.04 Cr 9.35 2) Projected storn water quality After the project is completed, storrn water will not mixed with wastewater and then enter the Fengchanhe River, Fukanghe River, Nanweidihe River and finally to the Haihe River. The water quality measured at pumping station outlets of the Taian Road and Jianguo Road storm water pumping stations is used as the quality of the storm water (Tables 8-1-2-2, 8-1-2-3 and 8-1-2-4). Since the project pumping stations will discharge storm water to the Fengchanhe River, Fukanghe River and Nanweidihe River first, where some settling and preliminary assimilative activities will take place, water quality will be expected to be better by the time it is discharged to the Beiyunhe River and Haihe River. Therefore, when the storm water collection and pumping stations of this project are complete, water will be discharged into the Fengchanhe River, Fukanghe River and Nanweidihe River and then the Haihe River during the flood season. Its quality will be similar to those described in Table 8-1-2-3. Except BOD5 which slightly exceeds the IV standards in (GHZBI-1999) Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment, SS, KMN and NH4-N all are expected to be lower than the applicable standards. It can basically meet the requirements on the quality of the Haihe River and will contribute to the improvement of the water quality of the Haihe River. Table 8-1-2-2 An Introduction to the Pumping Stations for Analogy and to be Built Dischar,ze Water Name Property capacitv collectinz Feature m3/ s area (ha. ) Taian Road Split Storm water is directly Station system discharged into the Haihe River. Jianguo Syte 0.9539 Storm water is directly StatRoa system discharged into the Haihe River. The construction section of the Nancang Fengchanhe River accepts stonr River-Crossi Split 19.3 753.52 water diverted from the water ng Pumping system . collection area, which will than Station be discharged into the Beiyunhe River. Road Split Storm water is discharged into Road Split 10.5 275.0 the Fukanghe River and then the Pumping system Haihe River. Station Dongting Storm water is discharged into Road Split 9.135 234.0 the Nanweidi River and then the Pumping system Haihe River. Station Haihe River. Table 8-1-2-3 Investigation of the Water Quality of Pumping Stations for Analogy (unit: mg/L) Time of Monitor station SS KMN BOD5 NH4-N monitor location 1998 Taian Road 90.0 7.27 8.38 0.34 1998 Jianguo Road 125.0 4.32 4.89 0.39 Mean value 107.5 5.80 6.64 0.37 Note: This assessment is not conducted during the flood season. Hence historical data on the water quality of storm water pumping stations in recen years have been used. Table 8-1-2-4 Forecasts of the Quality of Outlet Water in Storm Water Pumping Stations (unit: mg/L) Item SS KMN BOD5 NH4-N Surface water type IV 150 1 0 6.0 1.0 standards Forecasted cocentration of water discharged from 107.5 5.80 6.64 0.37 pumping station 3 ) Water quality of the Haihe River after the project Among the current upstream branches of the Haihe River, only the Qujiadian Gate releases water into Haihe river twice a year in the spring during farmland irrigation and October, each of which will have 20 million m3 from the Luanhe River water diversion project. In a high flow year, the stream rivers will also discharge flood through the main stream of the Haihe River, but it rarely happens. Based on the Research on the Pollution Control Technologies of the Haihe River (Section in Urban Area), sources of the pollutants in the Haihe River mainly come from the mixed storm water and wastewater discharged from the urban area during flood season and surface runoff from farmlands during flood season and pollutant released by sediment. In a normal year, the total flow at the section of the Erdao Gate of the river is only about 57 million m3/a, which basically appears after the flood season. It has basically no flow at other times. ( Runoffs during the flood season In order to determine the improvement of Haihe river water quality after the project, surface runoffs in the project area need to be first estimated. For years, the average precipitation in the urban area of Tianjin has been 590 mm and about 70% is during the flood season, when the precipitation is around 400 mm. The total quantity of the produced runoffs due to precipitation within the construction area can be calculated as per the following formula: Qp=FXPX 0 X10-7 where: Qp_ total quantity of produced current F- Collecting area of storm water, which totals 1262.5ha. P- precipitation during the flood season f - Runoff coefficient of water collection area is 0.5. Calculate Qp=2.52 million m3 ) Reduction of pollutants after the project is completed Table 8-1-2-5 Reduction of Pollutants Discharged to Haihe River after the Project (unit: t/a) Pollutants Current Dollutants discharzed into the Item dischareed into the river after the Reduction Reduced by river Droiect is completed SS 1815.9 270.9 1545.0 85.08 KMN 870.9 14.6 856.3 98.32 BOD5 475.5 16.7 458.8 96.49 NH4-N 106.5 0.9 105.6 99.15 Note: In the Table, assume KMN=CODcr/2.5. It can be seen that even without considering any degradation in the Fengchanhe River, Fukanghe River and Nanweidihe River, the reduction of the pollutants entering the Haihe River after the project is significant. The reduced amounts will be: SS, 1,545.0 tons; KMN, 856.3 tons; BOD5, 458.8 tons and NH4-N, 105.6 tons. In the meantime, industrial wastewater will no longer be discharged into the Haihe River together with storm water. Hence, the reduction of the pollutants in the industrial wastewater within the water collecting area will reach 100%. (®) Contributions to the Haihe River water quality improvement Based on the Research on the Pollution Control Technologies of the Haihe River (Urban Area Section) quoted in the (JGL[1999] Bo.66) Haihe River Basin Water Pollution Prevention and Control Planning of Tianjin, the total wastewater discharged into the Haihe River in a year with normal precipitation is 56.787 million m3 and total COD entering the water body of the Haihe River is about 7,464.5 tons. Also based on the requirement of significant water quality improvement of the Haihe River and the meeting Category IV during non-flood season, the maximum receiving capacity of the Haihe river is 2,2991 t/y for COD. This requires a COD reduction of 5,156.4 tons a year. Based on KMn, reduction of the total wastewater into the Haihe River is 870.9 t/y, which is equivalent to 2,140.0t/y in terms of CODcr. This is equivalent to 41.5% of the targeted reduction in order to achieve the Category IV water quality standard target in the Haihe river. It will also greatly reduce the current water resources from the Luanhe River to flush wastewater. 8.2 Impacts assessment on the atmospheric environment 8.2.1 Impacts of nuisance odor of the Dagu Canal remediation (1) Intensity of the nuisance odor sources along the Dagu Canal The nuisance odor along the canal are mainly the gases released by the wastewater and sediment. Canal remediation can remove the sludge Which has been depositing in the canal bed for many years and can effectively reduce the release of nuisance odor from the sediment. Meanwhile, wastewater treatment plant will be built upstream at the same time of the remediation project, which will contribute to the marked improvement in the water quality entering into the Dagu canal. The water quality of the Dagu Canal after the remediation will basically be similar to that in the section of the Jizhuangzi Canal which is to the east of the Tianjin TV Tower. Hence, the section is chosen as one for analogous monitoring site, which is employed to forecast the extent and scope of the impacts of the nuisance odor along the Dagu Canal on the adjacent areas during its operation. Items of the analogous monitoring include H2S, NH3 and concentrationi of nuisance odor. Monitoring points are arranged at the river for sampling, with one 20 m from the windward side of the river course and one 1Om from its leeward side and one 50m from its leeward side. Way of monitor follows the relevant stipulations in DB12/-059-95 Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards and standards quoted by it. The monitor was conducted four times each day to get the maximum value. Results of the monitor is shown in Table 8-2-1-1. Table 8-2-1-1 Results of the Analogous Monitor of Nuisance odor Item Freque Point location ncy n10m leeward 50m leeward 20m windward side side side Concentration of 1 10 21 1 0 stinky gas 2 10 23 1 0 ( no dimension) Max. value 10 23 1 0 1 0.002 0.014 0.014 H2S 2 0.003 0.040 0.016 (mg/mn3) 3 0.002 0.030 0.017 4 0.003 0.064 0.011 Max. value 0.003 0.064 0.017 1 0.078 0.117 0.009 Amimonia 2 0.019 0.199 0.019 (mg/mi3) 3 0.069 0.399 0.229 4 0.170 0.423 0.251 Max.value 0.170 0.423 0.251 Based on1 the above results, the conditions of the nuisance odor along the banks of the Dagu Canal after remediation have been forecasted and results are presented in Table 8-2-1-2. Table 8-2-1-2 Nuisance Odor along the Dagu Canal after remediation Item 20m windward 1Om leeward 50m leeward side side side Concentration of Current value 10 33.9 32.4 stinky gas Forecasted 10 23 10 stinky gas value 02 0 (no dimension) value* ___ __ __ __ __ __ Standard value 20 Current value 0.002 -- 0.003 H2S 3 Forecasted 0.003 0.064 0.017 (mg/m3 value Standard value 0.06 Current value 0.137 0.294 Ammonia Forecasted 0.170 0.423 0.251 (mg/m 3) value _ Standard value 1.5 Note: The standard values in the Table are the environmental stinky pollutant control standard values in DB12/-059-95 Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards and the currenit values are the current monitor values at the monitor point at Xinyuan Bridge. From Table 8-8-2-2 it can be seen that after the Dagu Canal is controlled, the H2S and ammonia in the areas along the banks can reach standards and the concentration of the stinky gas more than lm away from the banks of the river course can also basically reach the limits stipulated in the environment stinky pollutant control standards in DB12/-059-95 Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards. Compared with the conditions before control, the concentration of the stinky gas within 50m along the banks will be obviously reduced, which will contribute to the marked improvement in the stinky gas environment quality of the areas along the banks. 8.2.2 Impacts on the air quality of wastewater treatment plants 8.2.2. l Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant (I) Meteorological parameters of pollution The climate of Tianjin belongs to warm temperate and semi-damp continental monsoon climate. It has four seasons and obvious monsoon. For years (1961 to 1990) in succession, its mean temperature is 12.5°C and mean precipitation 559mm and relative humidity 61 %. The mean wind speed in the central urban area has been 2.7m/s for years in succession and the mean wind speed of its coastal region reaches 4.5m/s throughout the year. Its number of hours of sunshine for years in succession is 2,613 hours. Detai ls are presented in Tables 8-2-2-1 and 8-2-2-2. Table 8-2-2-1 Stability Grade and Frequency in Tianjin Region Grade A B C D E F Parameter Frequency % 7.8 2.0 16.9 56.7 4.6 12.0 Table 8-2-2-2 Mean Wind Speed Frequency in the Urban Area of Tianjin Wind direction N NNE NE NEN E ESE SE SSE Parameter Wind Speed 3.6 3.0 2.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 2.3 2.1 rn/s Frequency % 6 4 3 4 4 6 4 6 Wind direction S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Parameter Wind Speed 2.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.6 4.3 6 Mis Frequency % 8 11 8 5 3 5 5 10 N WNW NEN WSW ESE F e - W D t a r n SE Figure 8-2-2-1 Wind Direction and Frequency Rose Figure of Tianj'in Region (2) Assessment of the impacts of stinky substances and mitigation measures After the wastewater treatment plant is completed and put into operation, impacts on1 the atmosphere will mainly come from the nuisance odor from the intake area (bar screen and aerated coarse settling basin) and sludge area (dewatering room). The gases will be discharged disorderly. Based on the estimated results of the intensity of the stinky pollutant sources of this project in engineering analysis, the most serious stinky gas discharge source in this project is the nuisance odor generated in the sludge area (dewatering room) and the key pollution factors are NH3 and H2S. In this assessment, the max.H2S is chosen for calculation and analysis of diffusion to determine the scope of its impacts on the environment. And the sanitary protective distance of the disorderly discharged source based on the requirements of GB/T13021-91 Measures for Working out Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Technology to determine the protective distance needed by this project. (O Analysis of the impacts of H2S oni the environment A. Forecast model Retreat equivalent point source method is adopted to calculate the impacts of H2S on the environment of the sludge dewatering room. In this method, an initial diffusioni scale is added on the original Gaussian point source fumigation plume model a ,O and o-o 7rVdS ~~223 Cz= 2_,_exp(_-Y2 )exp(-H) Where: caYl o+ 0yo IG71= °z+ CZO ayo5: horizontal diffusion scale, m; yo ,=L14. 3 Uzl: vertical initial diffusion scale, m o r/ =H/2. 15 L: equivalent length of side of range source He: average effective discharge height, m Diffusion parameters of the models when there is a wind will be selected based on GB/T13201-91 national standards. B. Results of forecast Impacts of H2S on the environment is calculated based on the model selected in the previous section, whose results are shown in Table 8-2-2-3. Figure 8-2-2-2 shows the leeward fall-to-ground concentration curve of H2S of this region under stability D which appears the most often. 0 06 0. 05 E o 04 0. 03 0. 02 0.01 ___ 0 20 100 180 260 340 420 500 580 T xRI gJYPA5 (m) Figure 8-2-2-2 H2S Fall-to-Ground Concentration Figure ( standard value---- Cognitive threshold) D. Analysis of the impacts of H2S of the alternative site on the environment The alternative site of this project is located at 4.2 km to the south of the Outer Ring Road and to the west of the Xianfeng Canal. Around 300 m to its east is the Jitai Village of the Xinzhuang Town and to its west lies a trash filling yard which is to be built. Based on the results of the calculation of diffusion model, in the case of stability D which happen in the area the most frequently, the impacts of the H2S in this project on the ambient environment are: 159m outside the eastern boundary, 232 m outside the southern boundary, 71m outside the western boundary and Om outside the northern boundary. When wind is not strong and stability is E, the impacts of the H2S of this project will reach a longer distance, namely, 299 m outside the eastern boundary, 372 m outside the southern boundary, 211 m outside the western boundary and 140 m outside the northern boundary. The alternative site of this project is about 300 m from the Jitai Village, therefore, the impacts of the H2S of this project on the alternative site can also be controlled within the limits of environmental standards. E. Summary of the analysis of the impacts of H2S Based on the above analysis, the recommended site of this project is too close to environmental sensitive targets and protective distance is less than enough. Under south wind and stability E, it will have a certain impacts on the Nanmaji Village. H2S and other stink pollution sources must be further controlled by taking such measures as adjusting the layout of the wastewater treatment plant, sealing off the sludge dewatering room, collecting all nuisance odor and leading them to the exhaust cylinder and change of disorderly discharge into orderly discharge. Or residential houses can be demolished and relocated to ensure the protective distance needed for envirolnmental protection. As for the alternative site of this project, since its ambient environment is open, protective distance (300 m) to the Xinzhuang Town, the sensitive target, can be ensured. Construction of this project on the alternative site won't cause obvious impacts on the environmental sensitive targets. In fact, the alternative site has been selected as the final site for treatment plant construction following the assessment and recommendations from the EA team. F. Analysis of the impacts of NHE3 H2S Japanese stink substance control standards are consulted to assess the impacts of NH3 and H2S. Table 8-2-2-4 is the Japanese stink substance control standards. Table 8-2-2-4 Japanese stink substance control standards mg/mr3 Item S 1tinkv as intensitv (grade 1 2 F 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 NH1 0.1 0.6 1 2 5 10 40 H7S 0.0005 0.006 0.02 0.06 0.2 0.7 3 In the 'Table, the concentration corresponding to grade 2.5 is a cognitive threshold, namely, a weak stink smell intensity whose stink smell can be judged. Grade 3.5 means stink smell which can be perceived easily. Grade 4 and above mean strong or even very strong stink smell. NH3 source intensity is 1.03mg/m3, which falls in grade 2.5. After diffusion, its value should be much lower and it is of no actual significance to calculate it. This is to say that N-3 stink smell impacts are less than grade 2.5 and won't bring obvious impacts on the ambient environment. H2S concentration in Table 8-2-2-3 is employed to grade the stink gas intensity of the H2S impacts calculated in the previous section. When wind is not strong and stability is E, H2S max. impact at 15m at the leeward side is 0.067mg/m3 and its stinky gas intensity is grade 3, being sandwiched between the cognitive threshold value and easily perceptible value. With the increase in distance, impact value will drop. At 260m at leeward side, it is 0.020mg/ni and its stinky gas intensity is grade 2.5. If 0.02mg/mr3 (H2S concentration) in grade 2.5 is taken as the dividing line, then when is not strong and stability is E and at more than 250m at leeward side, H2S stinky gas intensity will be less than grade 2.5 and won't bring obvious impacts on the ambient environment. From figure 8-2 it can be seen that when average wind speed is 3.5m/s and stability is D, its impact at more than 60m at leeward side is 0.02 mg/m3, which is still within the boundary of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and won't bring obvious impacts on the surrounding environment. (O) Calculation of the sanitary protective distance The sanitary protective distance needed in this project is calculated based on the calculation fornula for deciding sanitary protective distance for harmful gases in GB/T13021-91 Technologies and Measures for Working out the Discharge of Atmospheric Pollutants. Calculation formula: -Q I(BLC + 0.25r2)O5OLD Cm A Where: C,,,---------- concentration limit in the Table, mg/m3 L---------- sanitary protective distance needed, m r----------- equivalent radius of the unit housing the harmful gas source discharged in disorder, m; r=(s/ f)0 5 Q----------- Quantity of harmful gas discharged in disorder kg/h A,B,C,D---------- Calculation coefficient of sanitary protective distance, A=470, B=0.021, C=1.85 and D=0.84 are selected based on GB/T13021-91. Based on the most unfavorable principle, H2S whose discharge is the highest and standards are the most stringent is chosen for estimation of protective distance. From the analysis of the intensity of stinky gas discharge sources in the previous section we can know that the intensities of H2S discharge source at bar screen aerated tank and sludge dewatering room are: QCI=0.01 15kg/h, Q,2=0.0760kg/h. Its standard limit is C,,,=0.OOlmg/m3 Results of calculation are shown in Table 8-2-2-5. Table 8-2-2-5 Min. Protective Distance Needed by H2S Discharge source Discharge quantity (kg/h) Protective distance needed (mn) bar screen aerated tank 0.0115 150 sludge dewatering room 0.0760 300 Based on the above calculation, the bar screen aerated tank of this project needs a 150 m protective distance and the sludge dewatering room needs a 300 m protective distance. Hence, at least a 200 m protective distance should be ensured at the eastern and southeastern boundaries and the northern, western and southwestemn boundaries of this project should at least have a 150 m protective distance. 0 Analysis of the impacts of nuisance odor The stinky gas escape of the wastewater treatment plant is affected by wastewater quantity, BOD loads, dissoluble oxygen in water, sludge quantity, sludge pileup, sunshine, temperature, wind speed and other factors. After it is released it will enter the environment, when its intensity will be attenuated in two ways: One is physical attenuation characterized by diffusion and dilution in the space and another is chemical attenuation some time later due to sunlight and ultraviolet rays and others after a certain time. Since its mechanism is complicated, it is difficult to quantify its source intensity and attenuation. This assessment uses information analogy and investigation method to analyze the impacts of stinky gas concentration and the special on-the-spot smell sniff investigations made by Shanghai in wastewater treatment plants adopting common aeration technology were adopted to decide the scope of the impacts on the environment. Stinky gas intensity is divided into six grades by on-the-spot investigations (Table 8-2-2-6). Table 8-2-2-6 Grades of Stinky Gas Intensity Intensity Grade index 0 No smell 1 Slight smell (perceived threshold) 2 Weak smell whose nature can be discerned (cognitive threshold) 3 Smell can be felt easily 4 Strong smell 5 Unbearable very strong smell Method of site investigation: Ten unmarried males and females less than 30 years old who neither smoke nor drink were organized to go to the site to has a sniff of smells. They had a sniff at 5 m, 30 m, 50 m, 70 m, 100 m, 200 m and 300 m at leeward side and also at windward side for contrast. From the results of this test it can be seen that a strong smell can be felt within 5 m at the leeward side of wastewater treatment (grade 3 to grade 4), a smell can be felt easily within 5 - 100 m (grade 2 to grade 3), a very weak smell can be felt at 200m (grade I and grade 2) and smell cannot be felt outside 300 m. (4) Conclusion From the above calculation and analysis it may be concluded that protective distance of H2S ranges from 150 to 200 m. Based on the calculation of range source when H2S impact under the most unfavorable meteorological conditions is equivalent to grade 2.5 (stinky gas intensity), its protective distance is 250 m. Based on the impact calculated In an on site smell sniff test, it ranges from 200 m to 300 m. Therefore, to be conservative, the sanitary protective distance against stink smell is 300 m. Since the originally proposed site is less than 100 m from both the Nanmaji Village and Housanhe Village, it cannot meet the above requirements on protective distance. And the proposed area has no enough space for future expansion. Therefore, the originally proposed site chosen in the project feasibility study report is basically not acceptable. Whereas the places around the alternative site is open and can meet the above requirements on protective distance. Therefore, the alternative site is recommended and accepted as the final site. (2) Analysis of the impacts of the pollutants discharged by boilers I ) Impacts of the pollutants discharged by oil burning boilers Diesel burning boilers (one active and one standby) will be used for heating and bathing in the Shuangjin Wastewater Treatment System. They will be 400,000 kcal/hr. Diesel has a calorific value of 10000 kcal/kg in average, its specific gravity ranges from 0.81-0.86 t/m3 and its sulfide-containing rate ranges from 0.25-0.5%. based on analogy investigation, the oil consumption of a 2t/h boiler is about 104kg/h and its smoke discharge is 2600Nm3/h. Our calculation shows that the oil consumption of this oil burning boiler while operating at full loads is 104kg/h, its smoke discharge is 0.23kg/h and SO2 discharge is 1.04kg/h. Our calculations shows that the discharge concentration of the key pollutants in smoke is: TSP: 89mg/Nm3; SO2: 400mg/Nm3. They are lower than the limits of time II of oil burning boilers stipulated in JIN/DHJB 1- 1999 Discharge Standards of the Atmospheric Pollutants in Boilers (TSPlOOmg/Nm3, S02500mg/Nm3 and can meet the requirements of standards. 2) Impacts of the pollutants discharged by methane burning boilers Three 1000k W/h methane boilers (two active and one standby), will be used in this project in the sludge digestion process. They provide heat for sludge digestion and the digested methane will be used by boilers and methane blower fan. About 4700m3 of methane will be generated each day. Two 1000kW/h methane boilers will consume 413.1 m3/h at most. If they run for 10 hours at full load, then 413 Im3 of methane will be burned and 570m3 will be left. Thus, the methane blower fan basically enjoys a balanced supply. In the methane methane accounts for 70% and others are carbon dioxide. Usually methane will contain about 0.8%(V/V)of H2S. Our calculation shows that for each I m3 of methane burned, 22.9g S02 and I lm3 smoke will be produced. Then TSP discharge concentration in smoke is 40mg/i3 and SO2 discharge concentration is 2082mg/rn3. Since the H2S in methane will corrode equipment and lead to the generation of large amount of SO2 after the methane is burned to pollute the environment. Special H2S removal device must be provided in this project for desulfurization before use. Based on informnation for analogy, dry desulfurization method will be employed. Double filtration room alternate desulfurization and regenerative continuous regenerative methane filter can remove 99% of H2S. After being treated with a desulfurization fiIter, methane will be burned by boilers and SO2 concentration in smoke can be reduced to 2 1mg/m3, which can meet the requirements on the management of concentration limit 50mg/m3. Our calculation shows that to ensure the SO2 generated due to the buning of the methane boilers to reach standards before being discharged, it must be desulfurized before use. The desulfurization efficiency of the treatment equipment must not be lower than 90%. 8.2.2.2 Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant (1) Meteorological conditions They are the same as those of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant (Section 8.2.2.1) (2) Impacts of stinky substances and mitigation measures Models and standards of forecasts that are the same as those of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant are adopted (Section 8.2.2.1) and the modeling results are: I ) Maximum touch ground concentration of stink pollution is shown in Table 8-2-2-7. 2 Table 8-2-2-7 Max. touch ground concentration of stink pollutioll factor mg/mr. Stability B C D E Item Wind speed NH3 H2S NH3 H2S NH3 H2S NH3 H2S WmS) __ 1.5 0.163 0.009 0.171 0.009 0.180 0.010 0.197 0.011 2.5 0.098 0.005 0.102 0.006 0.108 0.006 0.118 0.007 3.5 0.070 0.004 0.073 0.004 0.077 0.004 0.084 0.005 4.5 0.054 0.003 0.057 0.003 0.060 0.003 0.066 0.004 Xm(m) 16 23 25 37 2 ) Analysis of results Analysis of Table 8-2-2-7 shows that NH3 and H2S discharged by this project are withill the boundaries of the plant (starting from the center of the source) and maximum touch ground concentration will occur when the wind is not strong and stability is E. NH3 Is 0.197mg/m3, accounting for 19.7% of the limits at the boundary and H2S is 0.011, accounting for 36.7% of the limits at the boundary. Since sensitive receptors to air pollution are beyond the scope of assessment, area outside the plant has not been calculated in this assessment. Based on the monitoring results of the current conditions of the proposed site, current H2S value has exceeded the standards for residential areas and stinky gas background values are equivalent to the discharge limits at boundaries, indicating that the construction area has been polluted by stinky substances, which mainly come from the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir. After the construction of this project, wastewater will be collected and discharged together after treatment and reaching standards. Hence the local overall stinky gas pollution will turn for the better after the completion of the project. 3) Analysis of the impacts of NH3 and H2S Japanese stink substance control standards are used to assess the impacts of NH3 and H2S (Table 8-2-2-4). NH3 and H2S impacts are calculated based on the concentrations in Table 8-2-2-4 to grade their stink gas intensity. When wind is not strong and stability is E, NH3 and H2S maximum impact at 37 m at the leeward side is 0.197mg/m3 and O.Olmg/mr3 respectively and corresponding stinky gas intensities are grades I and 2. This means that NH3 basically has no impacts on the sense of smell and H2S is also below the cognitive threshold. Stinky gas intensities at boundaries are better than the results. Therefore, the discharge of the two pollutants won't have smell impacts outside the plant. (3) Calculation of sanitary protective distance and analysis of the impacts of nuisance odor concentration 2 The fon-nulas and standards employed for the calculation of sanitary protective distance and analysis of the impacts of stinky gas concentration are shown in Table 8.2.2.1. Results of calculation are: Table 8-2-2-5 Results of Calculation of Min. Protective Distance NH3 H2S Source of discharge Discharge Protective Discharge Protective quantity distance quantity distance (kg/h) needed (m) (kg/h) needed (m) SBR reaction tank 0.47 100 0.004 50 Sludge dewatering room 0.0036 50 0.022 200 From the above calculation we can know that based on the protective distance of H2S, its protective distance is 200 m. Based on the impact calculated in the on-the-spot smell sniff investigations, it ranges from 200m to 300m. To make it more reliable, we recommend that the sanitary protective distance against stink pollution of this assessment is 300m. Results of the assessment of stinky gas concentration are the same as those of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. Since the recommended site is less than 100 m from both the Nanmaji Village and Housanhe Village, it cannot meet the above requirements on protective distance. And the proposed area has no enough space for future expansion. Therefore, the recommended site chosen in the feasibility study report of this project is basically inappropriate. Whereas the places around the alternative site is open and can meet the above requirements on protective distance. Therefore, we recommend the alternative site as the final site. (4) Impacts of the pollutants discharged by oil burning heating boilers One 0.72 MW diesel burning boiler will be used for heating and one 0.345 MW diesel buning boiler will be used for bathing. The average calorific value of light diesel is 10,000 kcal/kg, its specific gravity ranges from 0.81-0.86 t/m3 and its sulfide-containing rate ranges from 0.25-0.4%. The oil consumption of the two boilers is about 100kg/h and its smoke discharge is 2500Nm3/h. Our calculation shows that their smoke discharge is 0.22 kg/h and SO2 discharge is 1.0 kg/h. Our calculationis shows that the discharge concentration of the key pollutants in smoke is: TSP: 44 mg/Nm3; SO2: 384 mg/Nm3. They are lower than the limits of time II of oil burning boilers stipulated in JIN/DHJBI-1999 Discharge Standards of the Atmospheric Pollutants in Boilers (TSPIOO mg/Nm3 , S02400 mg/Nm3 and can meet the requirements of standards. 8.2.3 Impacts nuisance odor from the pumping stations (1) Intensity of stinky pollution sources of the wastewater pumping station Though many researches have been made both at home and abroad on the stinky substance problem of similar projects, mature quantitative forecast model is still unavailable due to such difficult problems as the composition of stinky substances which is complicated and always changes (including H2S, NH3 and other inorganic gases and a variety of volatile organic matters. Some pollutants have a very low 2 concentration and interfere with each other) and dispersed generation sources. Its source intensity, spread rate and attenuation degree cannot be forecasted accurately. Due to the above reasons, an on-the-spot monitor has been conducted of the stink substances of the wastewater pumping station for analogy. The pumping station for analogy is the Miyun Road Wastewater Pumping Station (designed flow Q=10m3/s; time of monitoring: January 26, 2002; actual operational flow during monitor Q=2m3/s; wind direction: WWN and wind speed: 2.2 m/s. The nuisance odor come from the outlet tank and stinky gas purification facilities are unavailable). Data of monitor are shown in Table 8-2-3-1. Table 8-2-3-1 Stinky Smell Data Monitored at operating Pumping Station (unit: mg/rn3) Stinkv Mor itor station location Standards at substance 10m at 10m at 1Om at leeward boundarvf` windward side leeward side side Ammonia 0.084 0.242 0.170 1.0 H,S 0.003 0.034 0.018 0.03 Concentration <10 22 <10 20 (no of stinkv eas dimension) Note: (D The newly-expanded and altered boundary control standard values in (DB 12/-059-95) Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards. To understand how much stinky substances can be reduced by relevant purification facilities, this assessment has investigated information concerned. Based on the information provided by the development organization and designer and after a comparison was made between it and the stinky gas discharge concentration data monitored at the Shanghai Yunlingxi Wastewater Pumping Station (Atmospheric Environment Research Institute and Test Research Institute of the Shanghai Research Institute of Environmental Science, January 18, 2001. Pumping station size Q=0.27m3/s, ambient temperature: 11°C and atmospheric pressure: 102.3kPa), the pumping station has adopted biological filtering purification facilities (treatment load: 3000m3/h). The data of monitor are shown in Table 8-2-3-2. Table 8-2-3-2 Monitored Data of Nuisance Odor Gas at Yunlingxi Pumping Station ( unit: maim3) Pn-ition H,.R rnncentri1tir,n Rr-mnvsl r:te %/ NH. rr,nrfntrntinn Remnval rate ° Refore .I ni,rifiration .1 99 6 6 2 S After niirificition 001 0C I;tandlsrd ahi0 10e nI Note: 0 The newly-expanded and altered boundary control standard values in (DB 12/-059-95) Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards. In this report, the above data are used to analyze and assess the impacts of the stinky substances on the environmental air of this wastewater pumping station. (2) Dispersion of airborne stinky pollutants 2 A comparison between the data monitored at the Miyun Road Pumping Station and the newly-expanded and altered boundary control standard values in (DB 12/-059-95 ) Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards was made, from which it can be seen that there is an obvious increase in the concentration of the pollutants in the leeward side and that at 30m at the leeward side, the pollution factor monitored can reach standard limits. Since biological purification facilities are adopted at the Shanghai Yunlingxi Wastewater Pumping Station, discharge of H2S has been greatly reduced. However, the monitor was conducted in the winter, when temperature is low and stinky gas has a low diffusion rate. If season is taken into account, purified H2S discharge concentration will be close to the standard limits. If we compare the values of pollutants monitored at 30m at the leeward side of the Miyun Road Pumping Station and the data in Tables 8-15 and 8-17, we can know that: the stin-ky gas intensity of ammonia in stinky substance exceeds gradel and that of H2S exceeds grade 2.5. Those who are affected can smell stink smell. Based on relevant documents, the smell sense thresholds of some stinky substances and relevant standards are shown in Table 8-2-3-3. Table 8-2-3-3 Smell thresholds of some stinky substances and relevant standards (unit: mg/m3) Stinkv Smell sense Roiindarv Sanitarv decipn standards'2 Stinky qiihqstnce threshnld otnndardi.- (rewideninil niiarter) n_i__v__ _ _ _ll 0 nn7 I n n v Irritatinp ctinkv oai H n 0 00047 0 0n n - Fetidi -niell Methvln 00001 0 004 Irrit2tinp -'ifiir ;ni Note: (D The newly-expanded and altered boundary control standard values in (DB12/-059-95) Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards. 0 Residential quarter sanitation design standards in (TJ36-79) Industrial Enterprise Design Sanitation Standards From the data in the above Table it can seen that boundary standards are less stringent than sanitation standards and sanitation standards are less stringent than smell sense threshiolds. This indicates when stinky pollutants meet the requirements of boundary standards, they may fail to meet the requirements of the sanitation standards. Even if they meet the sanitation standards, people within the affected area can still have a stinky smell. Based on the data monitored at pumping station for analogy, at 30m at the leeward side where stinky substances are produced, the concentration of ammonia approaches residential quarter design standards and that of H2S has exceeded residential quarter design standards. If the unfavorable factor of summer is taken into account, they may exceed standards at about 30m to 50m. Based on the information provided by the development organization, there are three wastewater pumping stations in this project and they are the Gaofeng Road East Wastewater Pumping Station (Q=3m3/s), Yingshui Road Wastewater Pumping Station (Q=0.58m3/s) and Outer Ring Road Wastewater Pumping Station (Q=2.56m3/s). The Gaofeng Road East Wastewater Pumping Station and Outer Ring Road Wastewater Pumping Station are all bigger than pumping station for analogy and it is expected that the impact of their stinky substances may reach about 50 to 80 m. Since the Gaofeng Road East Wastewater Pumping Station will be built in the Beicang Nursery Garden, 2 trees around it will stop and absorb stinky smell. Besides, if the layout is designed mol-e rationally, its impact may be reduced to about 20 to 40m. The Outer Ring Road Wastewater Pumping Station is more than 200m from its surrounding sensitive points and won't endanger them. It must be pointed out that on the site on which the Yingshui Road Pumping Station is to be built is are buildings. If the site is selected for the work, the available buildings must be dismantled and relocated. And there will be many sensitive points around the boundary of the station (especially that the pumping station will only be about lOm away from the Xinhuayuan residential building (9 stories)). Though the station will be a completely closed one based on design, a purification facility will be installed and way of discharge will be changed into orderly discharge to ensure that stinky substances can reach standards before being discharged, disorderly discharge will still be available when bar screen residues are taken out and transported. Though the disorderly discharge can reach standards at the boundary of the station (boundary standards), if the station is built within a residential area, then the boundary will mean the residential area. In this case, we cannot simply take boundary standards as the control target and should also demand it to reach the sanitary standards of the residential area. Based on the principles of environmental protection, when several standards are applicable, the most stringent one should prevail. Therefore, disorderly discharge sources may have certainI impacts on the surrounding residential areas after the control. Meanwhile, an air exhaust drum must be installed in the area which must not be lower than the adjacent residential buildings (30m for a 9-story building) based on the demands of environmental protection. Such a high drum will affect the local landscape. And it is difficult to solve such problems as the disorderly diffusion of stinky substances during the cleaning and transportation of bar screen residues and noises of transportation vehicles. Hence, it will inevitably cause impacts on the life of residents nearby. The Assessment Team believes that the site is unfeasible and recommends the development organization and designer to consider the alternative to select another site to avoid serious consequences. (3) Mitigation Measures In view of the above, the planning department has proposed the alternative for selection of the site, namely, the corner to the northwest of the junction between the Hongqi South Road and Yingshui Road. Based on the materials provided by the designer, the wastewater pumping station to be built at the site will be an underground one and items which cannot be installed under the ground (such as bar screen well and outlet basin) will be sealed completely and necessary stink gas purification facilities will be used (such as the biological filtering and purification facility as used by the Shanghai Yunlingxi Wastewater Pumping Station. The part on the ground will be afforested (such as planting climbing plants and construction of flower beds on the roof, etc.) to reduce the discharge of stinky substances as much as possible. Based on the information for analogy, discharge of stinlky substances will be greatly reduced after the above design is adopted and measures for pollution prevention and control measures are taken, which can avoid serious impacts on the neighboring hotel (around 10m from the boundary of the station) to the west and residential buildings (Yingshuinanli buildings I# and 2#, 20m from the boundary of the station). 8.3 Noises impacts and mitigation measures 8.3.1 Noise impact model 2 (I) To noise sources whose number is n, their total equivalent sound level is calculated by the following formula. Leqtotal = 10 log( I0o '°) i=I Where Leq, is the equivalent sound level of sound source i to a certain forecasted point. (2). Noise and distance attenuation formula Lp=Lr-201g(r / ro)- a (r-ro) -R Where: Lp- sound pressure level accepted by the sound acceptance point (i.e., the affected point), dB(A) Lr- sound pressure level at r from noise source, dB(A); r distance between noise source and sound acceptance point, m; ro-distance of reference position, m, ro =Im; a -Absorption coefficient of the atmosphere to sound wave, dB(A)/m, mean value is 0.008dB(A)/m. R Noise insulation of houses, walls, windows, doors and enclosure walls. In this project, R=20dB(A). (3) Impact value and background value superimposition formula n L= 1Olg IOP/Io i=1 Where: L superimposed sound pressure level, dB(A); Pi No.i noise value to be superimposed, dB(A); n Total number of superimposed noise values 8.3.2 Impacts of the noises of the wastewater treatment plants on the environment and mitigation measures 8.3.2.1 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant (I) Noise source intensity and mitigation measures The key noise equipment in the plant includes water pumps and blower fans. The water pumps are all submersible ones, whose noise value is lower than 95 dB(A) and which are all in the pump room. There are four blower fans (three active and one standby) which are all in the blower fan room. The noise value of one blower fan does not exceed 105 dB(A), which is shielded by acoustical enclosure and blower fan room. Our calculation shows that the total equivalent sound level of this project is 111.9 dB(A). 112 dB(A) is chosen during calculation. (2) Calculation of the impacts of noises on the boundaries of the plant The noise source intensities of this project are mainly found in and around the blower fan room, whose shortest distance from the boundaries of the plant is: 192.8m (east), 266.6m (south), 193.6m (west) and 138.8m (north). Its max. source intensity is about I 12dB(A). Results of calculation are listed in Table 8-3-2- 1. Table 8-3-2-1 Impacts of Major Noise Sources on the Boundaries of the Plant dB(A) Position Distance (im) Value of impact East boundary 192.8 44. 76 Southern boundary 266.6 41. 36 Western boundary 193.6 44. 72 Northern boundary 138.8 48. 04 (3) Calculation of the superimposition of noise impact value and background value Table 8-3-2-2 Compounded Boundary at Noises and Background Noises dB(A) Results of Distance Impact Monitor value superie osition Impacts on the (m) value environment? Day Nigzht. D)ay.. Night Easterm 192.8 44. 76 51.0 45.4 51.9 48.1 Nil boundahr Southenr 266.6 41. 36 41.4 33.2 44.4 42.0 Nil boundary Westeb r 193.6 44.- 72 42.8 36.5 46.9 45.3 Nil boundaor Northeu r 138.8 48. 04 45.8 39.1 50.0 48.6 Nil (4) Conclusion of the assessment of the impacts of noises From Table 8-3-2-1 it can be seen that among the impacts of the noises of the equipment of this project on the boundaries, those to the northern boundary are the highest, whose value is, however, 48. 04dB(A) only, being lower than the type II standards in GB12348-90 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standards, a national noise standards [day: 6OdB(A); Night: 5OdB(A)]. This indicates that the noises of the blower fans in this project have less serious impacts on the environment. In view of the results of superimposition between the impact value and background value listed in Table 8-3-2-2, all superimposition results do not exceed standards, namely, boundary superimposed values are all lower than the type II standards in GB12348-90 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standards, a national noise standards [day: 6OdB(A); Night: 5OdB(A)]. This indicates that the noises of the project have moderate impacts on the environment and won't have obvious impacts on it. 8.3.2.2Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant ( 1 ) Noise source intensity and mitigation measures The noises of this project mainly come from such equipment as the wastewater pumps, 2 sludge pumps and blower fans in such structures as the inlet pump room, blower fan room and sludge pump room. Based on the investigations of the noise source intensities of similar equipment, water pump ranges from about 85 to 9OdB(A) and blower fan ranges from about 95 to 105 dB(A). In the inlet pump room five wastewater pumps will be installed (four active and one standby) . In the blower fan room three blower fans will be provided and in the sludge pump room three sludge screw pumps will be provided (two active and one standby) To noise sources whose number is n, their total equivalent sound level is calculated by the following formula. n leq/l Leqtotal = 10 log(10 L°q10) Where Leq, is the equivalent sound level of sound source i to a certain forecasted point. The basic conditions of the noise sources in this project are shown in Table 8-3-2-3. Table 8-3-2-3 Noise Source Intensity unit: dB(A) Source intensity after sound Noises Location' Noise Source elimination, shock absorption and sent out source intensity sound insulation measures have by been taken for the equipment workshop Inlet Five water pump pumps 97.0 roompu s Blower Three 109.8 fan room blower fans 85 68 SiLidge Three Sludge sludge 94.8 pomp screw room pumps Since most of the noise intensities of the key equipment in the project exceed 85 dB(A) (industrial enterprise noise sanitation standards), sound elimination, shock absorption and sound insulation measures should be taken during design and installation based on equipment. To points with high noises, solid wall with double-layer sealed glass windows should be designed for operation room or guard's room based oln actual situation to ensure the physical and mental health of operators and that the noises of the workshop can meet the requirements of industrial enterprise noise sanitation standards. Construction material of the workshop will use 370 mm brick wall, which can insulate sound by 30-40 dB(A). Considering leakage from the door and window, 50% will be chosen, which is safer, which means sound will be insulated by 15-20dB(A). Based on the distribution of noise sources and their distance to the points for forecast, the noise sources of the equipment in the plant are all point noise sources. After the noises of the production equipment are reduced, the noises are assumed to be 85 dB(A). After being insulated by workshop, the noises that are sent out from the workshop are about 68 dB(A), based on which noise distance attenuation of the boundaries of t he plant can be 2 calculated. (2) Calculation of the impacts of noises on the boundaries of the plant Distance of the noise sources of this project from the boundaries is shown in Table 8-3-2-4. Table 8-3-2-4 Distance of Noise Sources from the Boundaries (im) Boundary East South West North Noise source Inlet pump room 56 230 95 80 Blower fan room 84 17 78 285 Sludge pump room 60 35 95 275 From the above Table it can be seen that the noise source which is near the eastern boundary is the inlet pump room and the noise sources which are near the southern boundary are the blower fan room and sludge pump room. Key noise sources are far from the western and northern boundaries. Impact values of the noises of this project oni the boundaries are calculated based on the distance attenuation formula, refer to Table 8-3-2-5. Table 8-3-2-5 Impacts of Major Noise Sources on the Boundaries dB(A) Position Impact value Eastern boundary 27.6 Southern boundary 39.2 Western boundary 25.8 Northern boundary 24.3 (3) Noise impact value and background value superimposition calculation Results of the superimposition calculation of the impact value and background value to the boundaries are shown in Table 8-3-2-6. Table 8-3-2-6 Compounded of Noises at Boundary and Background Noise dB(A) Pngitiron M -nitr r vallue .Resulinfsu cf - rinpnilion Eastern Impact Impacts on the value Day night Day night environment? Southern 27.6 52.0 46.0 Nil hnindalry Wester)nsln 39.2 52.0 46.0 52.2 46.8 Slight Northem 25.8 52.0 46.0 Nil 94 1 S7 () 46 n Nil 2 (4) Conclusion of the assessment of the impacts of noises From Table 8-3-2-5 it can be seen that among the impacts of the noises of the equipment of this project on the boundaries, the blower fan room has the most serious impacts on the southern boundary, being 39.2 dB(A). However, after being superimposed, it contributes to an increase of only 0.2-0.8 dB(A) to the current noise value, indicating that the noises of the blower fans do not have serious impacts on the outside environment. In view of the results of superimposition between the impact value and backgrounld value listed in Table 8-3-2-6, all superimposition results do not exceed standards, namely, boundary superimposed values are all lower than the type 11 standards in GB 12348-90 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standards, a national noise standards [day: 6OdB(A); Night: 5OdB(A)]. This indicates that the noises of the project have moderate impacts on the environment and won't have obvious impacts on it. Since the superimposed value of the boundary impact value and environmental background value has been lower than the limits of environmental standar-ds, this assessment no longer calculates the impacts of the noises in areas more than 100m outside the boundaries. 8.3.3 Noises of the drainage network work and mitigation measures (1) Specifications of major water pumps in pumping stations and noise sources Noises due to the operation of pumping stations are an environmental problem to which residents nearby pay close attention. The noises are mainly due to the operation of the pumping stations. Based on information for analogy, the noise source intensities of water pumps vary based on their type and water delivery capability and usually range from 80 to 95dB(A). According to the feasibility study report of this project, QW series submersible wastewater pumps are recommended for the wastewater pumping stations, which are characterized by high performance, high efficiency, intertwining prevention, unobstruction and high degree of automatic control, being applicable to the tranismission of wastewater containing solid particles and long fibers. Submersible axial-flow pumps are recommended for the storm water pumping stations, which is applicable to technologies with high flow and short delivery head. Arrangement of the key water pumps in the pumping stations involved in this project is shown in Table 8-3-3-1. Table 8-3-3-1 Technical Specs of New and Upgraded Pumping Stations Designed No. Name Subordinate water number Remarks to ciuantitv ( m3/s ) number_Remarks River-Cross Nancang One 1 ing Pumping and Beicang 19.3 8 Flow Q=2.652m3/s and SOLirce Station Subproject intensity is about 90dB (A) Tiedong Nancang Five active and two standby Road and Becang Flow of one equipment 2 StatPumping adbecn Q=0.64m3/s and source ____ Station Subproject I_____I__ I_______ intensity is about 85dB (A) 3 Designed No. Name Subordinate water number Remarks to Quantltv (m3/s)__ Gaofeng Two active and one standby Road East Nancang Flow of one equipment 3 Wastewater and Beicang 1.08 3 Q=o.64m /s and SOuLrce Pumping Subproject intensity is about 85dB ( A) Stationgmi Congming Fukang Flow of one equipment 4 Road Road 10.5 4 Q=2.652m3 /s and source Pumping Subproject intensity is about 90dB (A) Station Yingshui Three active and one standby Road Fukang Flow of one equlplllellt 5 Wastewater Road 0.58 Q=0.193rnm/s and source Pumping Subproject Station intensity is about 80dB (_A_) Outer Ring Four active and two standby Road Fukang Flow of one equipment 6 Wastewater Road 2.56 6 3 . ~~~~~Q=0.64m /s and soLirce Pumping Subproject Pumpion Subproject intensity is about 85dB (A) Dongting Southern Flow of one equipmenet 7 Road Suburb 9.135 4 Q=2.29m3/s and source Pumping Beyond in354sity is and suc Station Subproject intensity is about 90dB (A) Based on the feasibility study report provided by the development organization, the main structure of the pumping stations in this project are all integrated undergrouLnd structures, namely, the screening well of the inlet gate, collecting well and outlet gate well are integrated to form the main structure of the pumping station. Most water pumps are operated with liquid below and most machine rooms have no upper buildings (except the River-Crossing Pumping Station and Congming Road Pumping Station) . Before entering the collecting tank, inlet pipes are installed with dstorrn grating. Water pump set is arranged in collecting tank in a line and outlet pipes are connected in parallel. (2) Analysis of the impacts of the noises during the operation of pumping stations According to the designed data of the pumping stations, several water pumps are provided in each of them. This assessment makes the analysis of the impacts of noises of each pumping station on the environment by assuming that all water puimps are in operation at the same time. Noise attenuation formula is employed to forecast the impacts of the noises of each pumping station of this project, and the results are shown in Table 8-3-3-2. Table 8-3-3-2 Forecasted Noises at Pumping Station Boundaries dB(A) 3 Pnint TNnIse .nIllc I)qtin p m lInction inteknriind Source Im Sm 7m IO(m I Sni 70[r n im 10S,1, intencity Day 49.9 63.7 59.5 57 0 54 7 52 7 517 51 1 50 8 N 4 14.4-4 63.5 59.1 56.2 53.3 50 1 48.0 46.6 45 6 hy 49,. 58.5 54.9 53.1 51.6 50.6 50.2 50 0 49.9 N!ghL 4342 58.0 53.8 51.2 48.8 46.5 45 3 44.7 44 2 -34 Dy -5694 69.6 55.7 53.1 52.0 51.2 50 8 50.6 50 6 50.5 Nh4 44--4 54.4 50.3 47 9 45 7 43.7 42 8 42 3 42.0 4# @y 54-2 9e 61.4 58.2 56.7 55.6 54.8 54.5 54 4 54.3 _ Aht 44 60 6 56 S I S 6 S It 4R 6 47 7 46 4 45 () S -4y - r - 86.0 62 R 67 7 62 61 6 62 6 62 6 62 6 2 26 Nig4w SC? 606 S45 I Si ') S7 R S? ri S? A S7 4 s7 4 S? 4 _ _ _ _ __ySR2C 92-n S96 SR 9 SR 7 4R 7 59 7 SR 7 _ _ __4 St6 Ii R SR-_ 0 54 _ 540 S1 S 594 Si I Si 7# DQa S L4 96.0 46 6 S' S 4 R S4 S 54 4 S4 I IS; 4R 9 56 fl R 5 4 S S7 S in R sn I 4( 7 49 S 8# Dy Sl 7 86.0c' SA 9-_ - 24 ... L... 1 Sl 5 6 SI 4 Si I Sl I SIl - Sf iJ 49 n s 4( R s 49 4i 1 i Note: (@ Source intensity of the Yingshui Road Wastewater Pumping Station is chosen. Based on the above results of calculation and in combination of the division of specific noise functional areas, the expected distances at which standards can be met of the pumping stations involved in this project are shown in Table 8-3-3-3. Table 8-3-3-3 Forecast of Distance at which Standards can be Met rDivis,ion nf Rtdr it Distance at xvich No Name Siihordinate to ffinctinnsl tqncstandardican he ment aren nR(A)M River-Crossing Nancang and I Pumping Station Beicang 2 Day: 60; night 50 Day. 7, night 20 Tiedong Road Nancang and 2 Pumping Station Beicang 3 Day: 65; night 55 Day 3; night 5 Gaofeng Road East Nancang and 3 Wastewater Pumping Beicang 3 Day: 65; night 55 Day 3; night: 3 staion tinhprojeu Congming Road Fukang Road Piimping Station .hn_rniprt _ I Day: 55; night: 45 Day: 15; night 60 Yingshui Road Fukang Road 5 Wastewater Pumping Subproject I Day: 55; night: 45 Day. 3" ______ S~1, tntionn_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Outer Ring Road FuagRd Oue Rin Road Fukang Road Day: 70; night. 55 Day 3. night 7 6 Was~~!teaterPupng ubret Dongting Road Southern Suburb 7 Dongting RStation Beyond 3 Day: 65; night 55 Day 3; night 7 Pumping Stto ubproject Note: ( The background values at the place where the Yingshui Road Wastewater Pumping Station is located exceed standards at night. From the forecasted distance at which standards can be met we can know that after being reduced and insulated (assume insulation by 20dB (A)) , noises during the operation of pumping stations during operation period will only have impacts on the 3 small areas around the pumping station and distance at which standards can be met ranges from 3 to 7m. Since the River-Crossing Pumping Station is big, its scope of impact will also be increased accordingly, which ranges from about 7 to 20m. The background values at Congming Road Pumping Station are high and its ambient environmental noise functional area is classified as type 1, therefore, its scope of impact is the largest, being around 15 to 60m. The background values of the Yingshui Road Pumping Station exceed standards at night and the station has no environmental capacity, hence effective sound insulation and noise reduction measures should be taken in an active manner ( sound insulation should be more than 20dB (A)) or another site should be considered to prevent the noises from disturbing people. 8.4 Impacts of sludge and mitigation measures Refer to the chapter on disposal of sludge. 8.5 Impacts on ecological environment and mitigation measures 8.5.1 Imapcts of the Dagu Canal on the ecology and mitigation measures 8.5. 1. I Impacts on aquatic life At present, the Dagu Canal is a pure wastewater river and its water quality and sediment environment are of poor quality, hence many saprophytic bacteria and few invertebrates and fish. The typical pollution-resistant active cone trichomanad is advantageous among the protozoa in the river and pollution-resistant fish, such as crucian and loach, have a certain advantages. With the advent of the flood season, dilution of the water in the river by the surface runoffs of storm water, increase in dissoluble oxygen and entry of agricultural wastewater will force some changes in the variety and quantity of aquatiles. Following the Dagu Canal remediation, sludge which has deposited in the river course for many years will be removed and wastewater discharged into the river course from the pollution sources along the banks will reach standards before being discharged. Wastewater treatment plant will be built at the same time at the upper reaches and most urban domestic wastewater in the water collecting areas along the river will be treated by wastewater treatment plant, where it will reach standards and be discharged into the Dagu Canal. Therefore, after the project is completed, the water quality of the river course will be obviously improved and the current polluted aquatic ecological structure will experience a great change or even disappear to be replaced by a typical fresh water aquatic ecological system. It may mainly involve the following points: 1) Quantity of bacteria in water body will drop obviously and phytoplankton and pelagian will increase markedly and their advantageous varieties will experience a great change. A typical fresh water phytoplankton and pelagian community structure will come into being gradually. 2) Considering that the main sources of the water body of the Dagu Canal will still be the domestic wastewater and farmland waterlogged water which have reached standards after treatment, compared with the water body of common surface water, the content of TN, TP and organic substances in water body may still be the key pollutants. Therefore, typical phytoplankton and pelagian reflecting an ovemutritious water body among planktons may have a certain ratio. 3) Variety and quantity of fish will have a big increase in the river course. Many kinds 3 of fish will enter the river course with farmland waterlogged water discharged into the river course during flood season and increase with the improvement in the water quality and increase in planktons in the river course. Among them, some fish will become adapTable to the environment of the river course and survive and multiply and may gradually become an advantageous big aquatic animal community in the river course. 4) With the improvement in the water quality of the river course and change in the structure of aquatiles, zoobenthos will increase obviously both in terms of variety and quantity. Quantity of typical wastewater zoobenthos will drop to some extent and other fresh water zoobenthos will increase gradually and form an advantageous community. 5) With the increase in the dissoluble oxygen and transparency of the water body in the river course, large submerged plants and phytoplanktons may grow and multiply in the river course. 6) After the control of the Dagu Canal, when the aquatic ecological system will become diversified and complicated, the self purification capability of the water body of the river course will be restored and strengthened, the ecological system of the river course will gradually enter a whole new virtuous circle. 8.5.1.2 Water and soil conservation of the Dagu Canal Control Project (1) Current situation of soil erosion The site of the project is located on a marine accumulation alluvial plain and its soils are dominated by loam and clay. Its vegetation coverage rate is high. The area belongs to warm temperate zone continental monsoon climate. Affected by the sea and landform, there frequent storms during the flood season and is often in the form of storms. Its soil erosion is dominated by hydraulic erosion and mainly happens on arable land on slopes in the following forms, namely, bedded surface erosion, rill surface erosion, gravel surface erosion and scaly surface erosion, etc. On-the-spot survey shows that gullies and caved-in pits can be found on embankments and soil erosion modulus is about 300 2 t/km a, belonging to mild erosion. (2) Forecasted soil erosion I ) Forecasts of the area of the original topographic feature and vegetation disturbed by the project Since the Dagu Canal Control Project will change, damage, occupy and bury the original topographic feature and vegetation at various degrees, an analysis and forecast have been made based on construction requirements and site investigations to decide the area of the original topographic feature and vegetation to be disturbed by the project, which is 3799 mu, including 50 mu for filling yard, 790 mu for embankment and 2509 mu for production and living areas. 2) Forecasts of dredging (spoil) quantity Based on construction conditions, earth can be used by embankment. Earth backfill balance calculation shows that there won't be spoils. 2.197 million m3 of sludge will be dredged and 710,000m3 will be transported to the filling yard and 1.487 million m3 will be used for embanking and fertilizers for farmlands. 3 ) Forecasts of the damages to water and soil conservation facilities 3 The construction of the project won't damage water and soil conservation facilities. 4) Forecasts of the quantity of possible water losses and soil erosion To the filling yard, loss of sludge will be calculated by the following fonnula: Qs= E Qsi, Qsi= 11 E E Mi Where: Qs total loss of dredged sludge during the construction period; Qsi Loss of discarded residues each year Z Mi Total quantity of dredged sludge from the first year to the i year ri - Sludge loss rate, 30% in the first year, 20% the second year and 10% in the third year Calculation shows that if measures are not taken for water and soil conservation in the filling yard during the three years when the project is cohstructed, 352,000 m3 of sludge will be lost totally. Quantity of water losses and soil erosion of the embankment slopes will be calculated by the following formula: A=R K L S C * P Where: A average quantity of soil erosion on a unit area (t/ha.) R storm erosion agent factor; K soil erosion factor; L- slope length factor; S falling gradient factor; C vegetation and management factor; P water and soil conservation measure factor Calculation shows that if measures are not taken for water and soil conservation of the embankment during the three years when the project is constructed, 3,150 tons of water and soils will be lost and eroded totally. 5) Forecasts of damages which may cause water losses and soil erosion The construction of the control project will worsen the water losses and soil erosion in the construction area to a certain extent. If effective prevention and control measures fail to be taken in time, it will bring impacts on the local water and soil resources and ecological environment, thus threatening the safety of the embankment. The harms mainly include: * Water quality of the river course will be affected Since the construction of the project will increase the area of exposed soils, the original soil and rock layers will be disturbed and soil structure will be damaged, which will lead to the drop in the productivity of the earth and soil erosion and trigger water losses and soil erosion. If effective measures fail to be taken, soil conditions will worsen 3 rapidly and ecological environment will be damaged. If sludge fails to be prevented and controlled in time and effectively during construction, mud and sand will be directly discharged into the river course due to storms and man-made reasons, whiclh will increase the quantity of sand in the river course, thus affecting its water quality. * Safety of embankment will be threatened If the newly-repaired embankment encounters a storm, storm water will wash exposed soils to make soil erosion more serious. If appropriate slope and biological prevention and control measures are taken, water losses and soil erosion on the body of the embankment are quite likely, which will damage the firmnness of the soils of the embankrment body and the embankment will be washed by storm water to cause gullies and caved-in pits to threaten the safety of embankment. (3) Water loss and soil erosion prevention and control plan I ) Scope of responsibilities of water losses and soil erosion and depth of design Based on the features of the control project and the requirements of (SL204-98) Technical Specifications of the Water and Soil Conservation Plans for Development and Construction Projects, the scope of responsibilities of the project for prevention and control of water losses and soil erosion is divided into project construction area and directly-affected area. The former includes 500m of filling yard and 790mu of embankment, which total 1 ,290mu. The latter includes 2,509mu of production and living area. Based on the Technical Specifications of the Water and Soil Conservation Plans for Development and Construction Projects, the depth for preparing the water and soil conservation plan is feasibility study stage. 2) Principles for preparing the plan Based on the Technical Specifications of the Water and Soil Conservation Plans for Development and Construction Projects, the proposed plan should match the size of construction and take actual situation into consideration. It must save investment and ensure convenient construction and be economical and practical. While preventing water losses due to man-made reasons, restoring and improving ecological environment, it should ensure the rational utilization of land resources and the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological benefits, social and economic benefits. 3 ) Plan for control in different areas * Water and soil conservation measures for the filling yard Five filling yards will be arranged, which will occupy abandoned pits and farmlands and their area will total 500mu. To prevent water losses and soil erosion, cofferdams will be arranged around the filling yards, whose design has been included in the overall design of the project. After sludge is filled, it will be covered by soiled and afforested. For specific measures, refer to the environmental protection measures. * Water and soil conservation measures for the embankment slopes 3 In the overall design of the project, consideration has been given to the protection of the slopes of the river courses inside the Outer Ring Road with flags and no special control for preventing water losses and soil erosion is required. Turf will be used to protect the external slopes of the river courses outside the Outer Ring Road to guard against water losses and soil erosion. * Water and soil conservation measures for the production and living area The production and living area is arranged outside the embankment at both sides. It will occupy 2,509mu of land and after the construction is completed, the site will be leveled to restore the landscape. (4) Progress of water and soil conservation measures The measures should follow the requirements of "Three Simultaneous" and be in close cooperation with the construction. Finished sections should be leveled and afforested in time. Attention should be paid to the harms of new water losses and soil erosion to protect the safety of the embankment. (5) Rough estimate of water and soil conservation The total rough estimate of the control project is 2.413 million Yuan, refer to Table 8-5-1-1. Table 8-5-1-1 Cost Estimate of Soil Conservation for Dagu Canal Remediation Investment Quantity Unit price ( 0,000 Remarks No. Item (mu) (Yuan) Y, Rnak Yii.:in Water loss and soil Included in erosion control expenses cngineeri ng I of Water loss and soil environmental erosion control expenses for the filling yards protection Water loss and soil erosion control expenses of Water loss and soil Included in 11 erosion control expenses engineering for the embankment investment slopes inside the Outer Ring Rrnad Water loss and soil erosion control expenses Ill for the embankment 661 3000 198.3 slopes outside the Outer Ring Rrnsil Water loss and soil IV erosion control expenses 2509 100 25 1 for the production and living aren V Tntal nf item III qind IV M 4 Ql tther expensec 1 97 9 I Design charges (6% if the 13 4 fniir itermc) 2 Administrative charges 4.5 ( 70/. of the fniir itemc) . Vl1l Tntil invectment _41 R (6) Measures for ensuring the implementation of the plan 1 ) Measures to ensure organization and leadership A water and soil conservation leading and coordination team and special implementation management body should be established, which should be responsible for leading and organizing for the implementation of the water and soil conservation work of the Dagu Canal Control Project. They should establish and perfect measures and systems for implementing, checking and accepting the plan to really guarantee that the work can be carried out based on this plan. 2) Measures for technical guarantee Design of water and soil conservation should be conducted by a design department with corresponding qualifications and construction unit should have rich experience in water and soil conservation. During implementation, construction should follow this plan strictly. Technical storming should be strengthened and quality standards should be unified to improve design level. The development organization, construction unit and water and soil conservation management department should strengthen cooperation and coordination under the leadership of the higher authorities to bring into play each other's advantages to ensure the quality of the project. 3) Source of funds and measures for their management and use Based on the principles of "developers are responsible protection and reclamation", the 3 funds needed for the water and soil conservation of the control project should be included in the budget of the project. They should be controlled and used by the development organization. They can only be used for water and soil conservation and must not be used for other purposes. They must be located as scheduled. 8.5.2 Impacts on the ecological environment of wastewater treatment plants and mitigation measures 8.5.2.1 Analysis of the impacts on the ecological environment of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and mitigation measures (1) Current conditions of the ecological system in the area where the project is to be built The area is near the Nanmaji Village of the Shuangguang Town in the Jinnan District and is located at the intersection between the Lishung Highway and Xianfeng Canal (or the Jitai Village of the Xinzhuang Town) . The key river course in the area is the Xianfeng Canal, which is now a waterlogging discharge river and accpets the domestic wastewater and production waste water along it, hence very serious water quality. Results of monitor near the construction area show that most CODs exceed standards by 200 to 448mg/L and their average all exceed standards. It is a water body suffering from serious organic pollution and its cadmium, sexavalence chromium, chemical oxygen demand, suspended matter, mercury and lead belong to moderate pollution. The algae in the river course mainly include pollution-resistant blue-green algae and Euglena and its zoobenthos mainly include the larva of Diptera midge (an aquatic insect) and benthonic Oligochaeta and the latter is an important advantageous community. The farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-line production and fishery of the area are all developed. It owns 226,200mu of arable land, which includes 17.22 million mu of gstormfields and 33,800mu of vegeTable garden. Its main crops contain rice, wheat and maize. In the vegeTable garden Chinese cabbage, chives, celery, tomato and cucumber are mainly planted and its feeding industry mainly includes the feeding of pigs, chickens and dairy cattle, etc. It has a water area of 24,000mu for raising fish and its fruit garden has an area of 4,7369mu. It also has a reed pond whose area is 13,800mu. Natural reserves are unavailable in this area and there are very few rare species or species on the verge of extinction, natural forests and wild living things. (2) Changes in the ecological system after the wastewater treatment plant is completed After this project is completed, the polluted sediment in the Xianfeng Canal will be dredged and the water in the river will be mainly dominated by the tail water of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. Since the outlet water of the plant will reach grade B comprehensive wastewater discharge standards, the water in the Xianfeng Canal will become clear. Its algae will be dominated by green algae and big benthonic invertebrates will mainly be dominated by the larva of midge. (3) Impacts on the landscape After this project is completed, water will become clear and the banks of the river can further be afforested, hence an improvement in the landscape. After being completed, the wastewater plant won't cause impacts on the landscape. Since the villages nearby will have more treated tail water, they can be afforested more satisfactorily. The 3 construction of this project will bring benefits to the landscape, which means that it will bring positive benefits to the landscape. (4) Effects on living quality After this project is completed, water will become clear and stink smell will be eliminated and residents nearby can get enough tail water for development and production. Wastewater in the entire Shuanglin Dstormage System will be treated and overflow and random discharge won't be seen again. Therefore, the construction of this project will greatly improve the living environment of the residents along the banks of the river and in the entire dstormage area, hence improvement of their living quality. (5) Impacts of the project Construction of the project will also have impacts on the ecology, which are mainily manifested by: acquisition of some land will change the local ecological environment and affect the development of the local production to a certain extent or even lower the living standards of some peasants. Hence settlement of emigrants and compensation for acquired land should be done satisfactorily and impacts due to occupation of land should be eliminated, such as afforestation of the wastewater treatment plant to eliminate the impacts of occupation of farmnlands on the ecology. 8.5.2.2 Impacts on the ecological environment of the Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant and mitigation measures ( I ) Current conditions of the ecological system in the project area The area is the oxidation pond of the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir and is next to the Jiyunhe River in the west. Since in the past the industrial wastewater of the Hangu District was discharged when standards were exceeded, the water quality of the reservoir was serious. At present, there are almost no aerobic living things in the reservoir. The Jiyunhe River is a seasonal river and its water body currently suffers from serious salty pollution and organic pollution due to the damage of the tide control gate, backward flow of sea water and discharge into it of the domestic and industrial wastewater along its banks. Its water quality is of poor type V. Discharge of the nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical fertilizers in the farmlands along the banks into the river results in the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the river course. Monitor of the aquatic living things in the river course made in October 2001 shows that the dissoluble oxygen in the river is 3.4mg/l, water color is dark brown and the water has a smell and aquatic insects and bryophyte grow. During the monitor, 18 kinds of phytoplanktons (three kinds of blue-green algae, seven kinds of green algae and eight kinds of diatoms) were found. The total number of bacteria was 5.77 million / I and the key advantageous specifies were Melosira (56.7%, diatom)and Cyclotella (25.0%, diatom). Totally, six kinds of pelagians were found (four kinds of copepod and two kinds of Rotifera), whose total number was 1188 pieces / 1. The key advantageous one was calyx arm and tail Rotifera (95.5%). The advantageous species of living things show a typical ovemutrition type, indicating that there are enough nutritious salts (effective nitrogen and phosphorus) in the water body. In view of the indexes of the investigation and monitor, the water body is Table for the growth of fish. However, site observation shows that the water body sends off an irritating smell, indicating that it may have been polluted by some industrial (organic) waste water. Few field crops are planted in the Hangu District, which mainly plants economical 4 crops, such as grapes (2000 to 3000 ha.), which are irrigated with ground water. Its sea water and fresh water aquaculture is developed and there are fish, shrimp and crab farns in it, which have a total area of 2251 ha. (2) Effects on the ecological system of the construction area After the project is completed, treated tail water which has reached standards will be discharged into the Jiyunhe River, hence obvious improvement in its water quality. With the repair of the dampproof gate in the near future and improvement in the water from upper reaches, its ecological functions will be restored gradually. Its water will be clear and its fish will be big, which will bring benefits to the people of the Hangu District. Water storage for agricultural irrigation during non-flood season when various indexes reach agricultural irrigation standards can help save large amount of ground water resources. To build the project, water will be pumped and sludge will be dredged in the near future, which will change the poor current ecological conditions of some part of the oxidation pond of the Hagu Wastewater Reservoir. In the future, when the reservoir is dredged and controlled, its water quality will turn for the better, the functions of its water body will be changed and stink smell will be eliminated. These will provide a prerequisite for building the area into an ecological wet land tourism area in the future. The sludge generated in the wastewater treatment plant has a high fertility. Analysis of its organic matters, mineral oil and heavy metal and other factors shows that when the standards of Control Standards of the Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge are met, it can be used as fertilizer for afforestation. Research of relevant topics has shown that application of sludge and irrigation with wastewater can increase the yield of crops, hence full utilization of natural resources. When standards for agricultural use cannot be met, it can be dried to cover trash filling yards, which can reduce the borrows for coverage of filling yards and avoid damages to vegetation and water losses and soil erosion due to this reason. The current landscape of this project is a wastewater water surface, on which reeds and grasses grow. It is surrounded by saline-alkali waste lands, hence a wild scenery. The wastewater plant will be built into a garden type one and its main buildings will add to the beautiful appearance of the plant to ensure the combination of a practical and beautiful building and arts and technology. After the project is completed, its afforestation rate will be more than 30%. Gardens and greenery patches will be arranged in the plant, around which high trees will be planted, which will cause great positive effects on the current landscape, hence a new landscape full of vigor and with the style of the time. This project may have a certain impacts on the grape planting area and cultivation area along its pipes, but the impacts can be avoided or weakened. In the meantime, they won't last long and can disappear after the construction is completed. 8.6 Impacts on the environment during construction and mitigation measures 8.6.1 Contents of construction 8.6.1.1 Dagu Canal Remediation They include five sections, namely, dredging the river course, earthing up the embankment, protective laying, alteration of structures and construction and alteration 4 of pumping station. Refer to Tables 8-6-1-1, 8-6-1-2 and 8-6-1-3. Table 8-6-1-1 Quantities of River Course Dredging and Construction Methods Item Total - Where amount Tof SludgerMechanicl Sludge Dry sludge Sealed Sludge amount of Sludge Mechanical dehydration transportation transportation filling Type dredging suction excavation of cill(lge I Init lo n,nn ml I n ,(0n'm I n,nnam3 Piece -hiff Io om,nn In,n00ni3 I( 0 0011 Qualntities In 11 2 l 1 R 1 6770 Ia i61 _ R o Tahle X- S-1 -2 Quianl ities of IJP rading Wor CS Ite Railway tem Earthing up Excavatio Filling on Grouted Bridge and natural Pipe Dstoiia embankme n of soil fl repair and gas brdge nage ge gate Type nt on slope s ope ags service maintenanc aqueduct I Init I (,Q lm3 10 ((,(m3 I p 3 I ,p npm3 In n,nm3 Pihrp Mh ()llnntitc R'6A f 6 SI 6S I &52 1R2 1 1 Ic)6S There are three lifting pumping stations along the Dagu Canal, namely, the Paoshuiwa Pumping Station, the Jugezhuang Pumping Station and Dongdagu Pumping Station. The Paoshuiwa Pumping Station was built in 1958 and can no longer meet the demands of normal operation and therefore it should be reconstructed. The other two are still In good operation and there is no need to expand and alter their civil work and equipmenit. 8.6.1.2 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant (I ) Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Key contents: Construction of a wastewater treatment plant; Construction of inlet and outlet main pipes to match with the wastewater treatment plant; Construction of the Songjiang Road Pumping Station. Construction of the plant is divided into three sections, namely, front area, wastewater treatment area and sludge treatment area. The front area is located at the northeast of the plant, being a living and production management area. Its main buildings include garage, warehouse, machine repair room, boiler room, reception office and comprehensive building, in which are available the general control room, laboratory, office, meeting room, dining room, multifunctional hall, etc. wastewater treatment main structure is available in the wastewater treatment area and the sludge treatment area contains structures for disposal of sludge, methane cabinet, methane fire cabinet, etc. Pipes will be laid in two directions: One is from the Shuanglin Pumping Station to the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant along the Xianfeng Canal and the other from the Shuangshui Road to the Songjiang Road in the south and to the Xianfeng Canal after passing the original Songjiang Road Pumping Station (refer to attached drawing) to converge with the another. The Songjiang Road Pumping Station to be built is located at their convergence. 4 Contents of construction mainly involve land acquisition, demolition and relocation, excavation of earth, laying of pipelines, backfill of earth, construction of pumping station, etc. Based on the project implementation plan, 9640m pipelines will be laid in 2005 for the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant, Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant will be built and Songjiang Road Pumping Station (1.4m/s) will be built. Time of construction will start from January 2004 to the end of 2005, when the project will be completed and accepted. (2) Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant Contents of the project during construction mainly include: (1) Construction of t he living area in the plant, wastewater treatment and sludge disposal facilities; (2) Construction of the 21.74km inlet and outlet main pipes which match with the plant; (3) Alteration of 1 #-4# lift pumping stations Contents of construction mainly include pumping of water and dredging of sludge on the site, excavation of earth, laying of pipes, backfill of earth, construction of pumping station, etc. Time of construction will start form July 2002 to September 2004. 8.6.1.3 Contents of construction of the pipe network construction project River course dredging, laying of pipes, construction of pumping station, land acquisition and demolition and relocation. River course control mainly involves the Fengchanhe River. Laying of pipes mainly involves the laying of the storm water and wastewater pipes in the Nancang and Beicang Subproject, Fukang Road Subproject and Southern Suburb Beyond Project. Arrangement of pumping stations involves the storm water and wastewater pumping stations of the three subprojects. All the three subprojects involve land acquisition. Except the Fukang Road Subproject, the other two also involve demolition and relocation. It is planned to start in 2002 and complete in 2003. In 2002, it will be surveyed, designed and early preparations will be made for its construction. Besides, its equipment will be bided, pumping stations will be built and pipelines will be laid. In 2003, pipelines will be completed, pumping stations will be built, equipment will be installed and commissioned, construction will come to an end, test run and completion acceptance will be conducted. 8.6.1.4 Intermediate water reuse project Two intermediate water treatment stations and accessory pipelines will be built. 8.6.2 Impacts of airborne dusts during construction and mitigation measures 8.6.2.1 Analysis of the impacts of flying dusts during construction period The flying dusts during the construction of this project mainly come from: excavation of earthwork, earth backfill and site temporary pileup, site transportation and pileup of 4 construction materials (ash, sand, cement, brick, etc.), cleaning and pileup of construction trash, flying dusts on site roads due to coming and going vehicles and construction machines and possible spill from vehicles carrying earth, etc. Measures for the control of the flying dusts during construction: Install enclosure or tarpaulin and spray water to inhibit dusts. In June 1992, Beijing Research Institute of Environmental Science made an investigation and measurement of the flying dusts on the construction sites of four municipal projects (two with enclosure and two without it). The wind speed was 2.4m/s during the measurement, whose results are shown in Table 8-6-2-1. From the results of monitor we can know that flying dusts on construction site without enclosure are very serious and can reach within 250m at leeward side and the average TSP concentration at the affected area is 0.756mg/m3, which is 1.87 time ofthe control point and 2.52 times of the atmospheric environment quality standards. When enclosure is available, there is an obvious improvement in flying dusts, which will reach within 200m at leeward side and TSP concentration at polluted area will be reduced by 1/4.The average TSP concentration at affected area is 0.585mg/m3, being 1.4 time of control point and 1.95 time of the atmospheric environment quality standards. Table 8-6-2-1 Conditions of Pollution of Construction Airborne Dusts TSP rnnninrer:tion ( mg/m3) I eewanr sideof the nntiict nn cite Control Construction site Enclosure point at 20m 50m l OOm 150m 200m 250m wvindvai Southern Second Ring Non 1.54 0.981 0.635 0.611 0.504 0.401 I'mrintu Sertinn Erniect Southern Second Ring Non 1.467 0.863 0.568 0.570 0.5 19 0.411 0.404 I2nranfing Aversge I 5 n 9722 n . nv n6 so1 0 n I v n 40ri Western Second Ring Metal 0943 0.577 0416 0.421 0.417 0.420 Tr!n, fnm1ntinn Prnject hnardc 0.90 Chegongzhuang West Road Color-strip 0.419 thermilprnier rinth 1.105 0.674 0.453 0.420 0.42! 0.417 Average I n4s 62o L4.. il422 19n 41..0 41 9 If water is sprayed on pavements and sections to inhibit flying dusts where they are more likely to happen (4 to 5 times each day), flying dusts can be reduced by about 50-70%. Results of the experiment on spraying water to inhibit flying dusts are shown in Table 8-6-2-2. Table 8-6-2-2 Water Spraying to Airborne Dusts Suppression (unit: mg/mr3) Distance m 5 20 50 100 TSP average Not spray 10.14 2.89 1.15 0.86 concentration per water hour Spray water 2.01 1.40 0.67 0.60 Attenuation rate (%) 80.2 51.6 41.7 30.2 The above results show that effective spray of water to inhibit flying dusts can make construction flying dusts to be within the disorderly discharge monitor concentration 4 limits of (GB16297-1996) Comprehensive Discharge Standards of Atmosphel-ic Pollutants, thus greatly reducing the pollution of construction flying dusts. 8.6.2.2 Mitigation measures To reduce the impacts of flying dusts on the environment, the following measures will be taken during construction: * Enclosure will be installed around construction sites when residential area or river course is available to separate the construction site from the available buildings.0 * Water will be sprayed to reduce dusts for construction sites next to residential quarters or villages and their engineering activities. Sand and stone should preferably be arranged at places far from residential quarters to reduce the impacts of flying dusts of concrete agitation on sensitive targets. * Earthwork, concrete pouring on the site, road paving and transportation during construction will cause serious flying dusts, they should be carried out when there is no strong wind. Pileup of stirring yard (including reinforced concrete prefabricated part stirring yard) and raw materials and materials should preferably be at fixed placed to make it easy to take dust prevention measures. * Transportation vehicles should slow down at residential quarters and villages and overload is strictly forbidden. Routes and time of transportation should be followed strictly and effective coverage should be provided to prevent dusts from falling, which will add to flying dusts on the road. * While arranging a specific construction plan, consideration should be given to the rational distribution of the time and space of transportation to prevent too many vehicles from driving on the road, which will add to road loads and flying dusts within a certain time. 8.6.3 Impacts of nuisance odor of the Dagu Canal during construction and mitigation measures 8.6.3.1 Impacts of nuisance odor of the Dagu Canal during construction when a river course is dredged, it will stir its sediment, which will release more nuisance odor and cause a certain impacts on the ambient environment. Site simulation test was adopted to predict the scope and extent of impacts of the sediment dredged on t he air environment of adjacent areas. . Simulation test: Sediment was stirred at the center of the Xincheng Bridge and Xinyuani Bridge sections of the Dagu Canal and one monitor points were arranged in the middle of the river course, 20m at windward side and 50m at leeward side, one at each place, to monitor the concentration of H2S, NHI3 and stinky gas, whose results are shown in Table 8-6-2-3. Table 8-6-2-3 Results of Simulation Monitor of Nuisance Odor (unit: mg/m3, stinky gas concentration has no dimension) Monitor point Stinky gas H2S Ammonia concentration 4 20m at windward 10 0.003 0.058 Xinyuan side Bridge Center of the river 12 0.001 0.55 50m at leeward side 10 0.003 0.068 20m at windward 10 0.002 0.137 Xincheng side Bridge Center of the river 33.9 0.004 0.077 50m at leeward side 32.4 0.003 0.294 DB12/-059-95 environmental20.615 control standards 20 0.06 1.5 From Table 8-6-2-3 it can be seen that stinky pollutant during construction is mainly stinky gas concentration, which can reach more than 32 at 50m from the construction river course, thus exceeding the environmental control standard limits of DB12/-059-95 Stinky Pollutant Discharge Standards. In addition, according to the account of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the Abandoned Qiangzihe River Transformation Project, a simulation test was conducted during environmental assessment based on construction conditions. By stirring the water and sludge in the river on the site, the test was intended for monitoring stinky gas concentration by ,sampling at 50m and lOOm at leeward side. Data of the simulation test: February 13, 1999 Weather conditions on the site: Sunny to cloudy; wind direction: southwest; wind force: grade 3 to 4; highest temperature: 80C Results of the test are shown in Tables 8-6-2-4 and 8-6-2-5. Table 8-6-2-4 Changes in Stinky Gas under Simulated Construction Conditions Iteni mid itni Mar,nn X n:r Nr 4 ennrl nqg, Ronni Item__ _Nnt _tir Ctfir Nnt _ _t_r . tNlLctir Stir Nnt tir Stir Ammnnia (mg/m3) 4 3L62 6 fi4 1 4?7 1 MI I I7 C, I 14 3 494 S 17( H2S (mg/m3) J()36 n 041 n 007 n0 OV n( 0a 047 Stinky gas 2500 6500 2500 6500 6500 65000 2500 6500 roncentratinn (timen ) Table 8-6-2-5 Different Distances at Leeward Direction under Simulated Construction Conditions Item Center nf river rmirse SOm from river rminrge I Orn frriver coiirse Ammonia (mg/m3) . 6 1 14 4 IOeR I A()) H,S (mg/m3) ( MCI n n 0 014 Stinky gas concentration 65000 6500 2200 (tine) Results of the simulation test show that stinky substances will increase by times during dstormage and removal of sludge, which will cause serious pollution to the ambient environment. Ammonia, H2S and stinky gas concentration will far exceed national standards and key factors which exceed standards are: stinky gas concentration (650 to 6500 times), ammonia (26 to 34 times) H2S (3.9 to 5.0 times). Nuisance odor concentration still exceeds standards even at lOOm at leeward side, but pollution will drop greatly and its 100 meter attenuation rate under test conditions is: ammonia (77%), H2S (72%) and stinky gas concentration (96%) 4 8.6.3.2 Prevention and mitigation measures To reduce the impacts of stinky gas on the environment during the construction of the Dagu Canal, the following measures will be taken during construction: (1) Advanced construction technology and equipment will be adopted for river sections next to residential quarters and villages, such as uninterrupted dredging and sealed transportation of sludge, to reduce the impacts of the volatilization of stinky gas on sensitive targets. (2) Dstormage and removal of sludge should have higher efficiency and be as short as possible to minimize the stinky gas pollution. Construction at night is not allowed to avoid impacts on residents' physical and mental health. 8.6.4 Impacts of noises during construction and mitigation measures 8.6.4.1 Noise pollution source and source intensity during construction period During construction, noises mainly come from construction machines working on the construction site and transportation vehicles, which won't last long, happen at some times and are not fixed. Among the equipment with high noises are bulldozer, pneumatic pick, air compressor, loader, excavator, vibrator, concrete pump, transportation vehicle, etc. based on inforrnation for analogy, their noise levels are shown in Table 8-6-4-1. Table 8-6-4-1 Noise Levels of Major Construction Machines at Construction Site unit: dB(A) Machine Naice level Mnchine Noite level RIilfldn7er RS Air rcnmpreccnr I I Trnuk (> I(t) 85-94 Welding machine 78 Crane 76 C'rafter R0 Rngrl rniler R4 Conncrete piump RS Excavator 80-93 Pneumatic hammer and 82-98 pirk V ihratnr in s __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8.6.4.2 Impacts of construction noises on the ambient environment Forecasts of the noises of the machines on construction site and impacts due to transportation of goods and materials adopt distance attenuation formula, as follows: r0 Where: Lp- sound pressure level accepted by the sound acceptance point (i.e., the affected point), dB(A) L,,,- sound pressure level at noise source, dB(A); r distance between noise source and sound acceptance point, m; ro-distance of reference position, m, ro= Im; R Noise insulation of the protective structure and houses of noise sources. When work in the open, R=OdB(A). a Absorption coefficient of the atmosphere to sound wave, dB(A)/m, 0.008dB(A)/m. Based on the above formula we can forecast the attenuation of the key noise sources on the construction site of this project, whose results are shown in Table 8-6-4-2. Table 8-6-4-2 Forecasted Noise Attenuation of Major Noise Sources'') unit: dB(A) Nnise sm irce Diqsnr ee m . Ctnnri rl linmlt Name Soirce I 20 40 60 Rn I0 200 10 DAyv Nivht intenclty R-idldner RS 64 SR R S) 6 4 49Q0 4 44 9 17 4 _ 7S iS Truck 90 69.9 63.8 57.6 54.0 51.3 49.2 42.4 38 1 75 55 >-I 6 i9 036 00 3L -- I Corane 7ro l 9 49 R 43 56 4n nr s _5 Pn5irl rnllpr R4 CR ( S7 R Sl AS 4R n 4S 1 41 v 7S SS xrnvstr R7 669 (1 n 54 6L 5) . 4R A 46 7 QA - 75 SS Vlhrstor LS5 R4 9 7R R 72 Ci fi( n 6 ( 3 64 7 S7 4 5. I 7f SS Air 100 79 9 73.8 67.6 64.0 61.3 59.2 52.4 48.1 75 55 crn)precacP R -- _ I I n _S __ _( From Table 8-6-7-3 it can be seen that after the above waste water has been mixed and settled for three days, it can basically meet the requirements of grade B standards in GB8978-1996 Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standards. To this end, we propose the following suggestions: (D Water from sludge dehydration, water for washing sandstone and domestic wastewater cannot be discharged into the neighboring farmlands at will. They must be collected for settlement before being discharged into the Dagu Canal. (® After the construction plan of the project is completed, size and number of settling tanks and arrangement of dstormage ditches will be designed as an environmental protection facility and planned and arranged in uniform. Their expenses will be listed in construction plan together with construction expenses. Movable wastewater treatment bus of the same size can also be used for treatment. 8.7Land acquisition, demolition and relocation and emigrant settlement plan 8.7.1Law and policies regarding emigrant settlement and principles Major law and policies based on which emigrants are settled: (1) Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China (2) Urban Real Estate Management Law of the People's Republic of China (3) Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Urban House Demolition and Relocation (4) Detailed Rules for the Implementation in Tianjin of the Regulations on the Management of Urban House Demolition and Relocation (5) Tianjin People's Government Decree No.(1 14) Decisions on the Modification of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation in Tianjin of the Regulations on the Management of Urban House Demolition and Relocation (6) WB Involuntary Emigrant Business Guideline OD4.30 The targets of the immigrant settlement policy of the World Bank are that immigrants 5 due to a project should benefit from it and get support in the improvement or at least restoration of their living standards, income capability and production, and special attention should be paid to the needs of people who are very poor among immigrants. The targets of the policies and statutes of our country regarding settlement of immigrants due to projects are identical to those of the World Bank. To ensure these policies to be identical to immigration targets, any major change (such as qualifications for compensation, increase or reduction of compensation standards, restriction or reduction of help for those affected) must be approved by both parties before being, implemented. 8.7.2 Land acquisition, demolition and relocation and settlement 8.7.2.1 Pipe network construction project In the scope of the Nancang and Beicang work, what will be demolished and relocated are mainly land to be used as temporary roads. Three places must be demolished and relocated due to land acquisition: One is the wastewater pumping station in the Beicang Nursery Garden, which affects some trees and temporary land of the enterprise (area about 2000m2); the second is the storm water pumping station, which will involve public buildings and a few non-residential houses of residents (area about 1 000m2); the third is the walls of some enterprises which musts be demolished and altered due to the laying of storm water pipes (are around 1 000m). In the Fukang Road project, what will be demolished and relocated are mainly lands for temporary roads and the whole project does not involve demolition and relocation of residential houses and houses of enterprises due to land acquisition. What will be acquired is mainly for a pumping station (area about: 350Gm2 and the rest is reserved for municipal work) and what will be affected are only some trees at a storm water pumping station. While laying pipelines in the Southern Suburb Beyond Project, some roads, such as the Hongze Road, Dongjiang Road, Yanshui Road and Heyan Road, must be planned. Hence a few factory buildings, stores and shops along the pipelines of the project must be demolished and relocated due to land acquisition. The storm water pumping station needs a small piece of public land which must be acquired. Specific conditions of land acquisition and demolition and relocation are shown in the following Table: Table 8-7-2-1 Statistics of Those which are Affected by Land Acquisition and Resettlement and Relocation NanrAnv Fiikqnp Roacd 1 ihe- Nn Item I -nit :ndl ReirAnp . r SKdhm-h Total i ( rmlip:stinn rnf lanni m2 - 49)79 S0ARI 14754R 7SS-77 Permanent occupation m2 onf Innt sDOn SLsn 91ni3 9(5 Temporary occupation m2 nf bnnri 5SS3 S(iS I S I S5690 Division of Piece 11 administrative areas involved I I l Number of households House-h involvetdnlf I n I 77 5 Nancan FknRv ko ithern No item I Init and Reicanp' work Rniihi-h Twrlk w )rk Reynnd wnrk Number of people People _ Affected n 0n 3 . 3 Area of demolition and m2 relnration n n I S5. Stores and shops Piece IV )nvnlved n Population of employed People nffertedrn n V tA Area of stores and shops m2 to he -emli hed n n6 V Fnterpricec invoilved& Piece v . 0 9 Ji. Population of employed People nffertedrJ 17 n fl 69 Area of enterprises to be M2 demnili'hed 7n4n n 451d6 Vl Appendagee affecterd Tree,® Piece 1 74 4 140 Ctroiin rlpipeline M .60 ?(6( n Wo r amppOSt Plece s I 6 Flectric wire pact Piece 72 7 14 39 Communication wire Piece pacqt _L_ 0 _nnll Note: ( Residents involves are all those in the city and towns; 0 Stores and shops involved are all individual ones; ( Trees involved are all planted. From the above data it can be seen that though this project occupies much land, there are only around 40% which will be occupied permanently and others are temporary roads. And construction of planned roads accounts for a large share (about 80%) Hence its impacts on land utilization are not serious. It must be pointed out that on the land of the pumping stations of this project, some planted trees will be affected. The Gaofeng Road Wastewater Pumping Station which will be built in the Baicang Nursery Garden and occupy a land of about 2,000m2 will affect 112 trees. The Congming Road Pumping Station which will be built at the junction between the Shuishang North Road and Congming Road and occupy about 3000m2 will affect 24 trees. The greenery patches of the Dongtring Road Pumping Station which will be built at the junction of the Dongting Road and Weidihe River and occupy about 3000m2 will affect 4 trees. Besides, the Outer Ring Road Wastewater Pumping Station which will be built at the junction between the Outer Ring Road and Yingshui Road and occupy about 2000m2 will affect the 30m green belt inside the Outer Ring Road which is being planned. In view of the grim situation faced by afforestation of Tianjin, the development organization and construction unit should arrange the pumping station in such a manner as not to affect the green belt based on the requirements of the Urban Overall Planning of the city and environmental protection department. In the meantime, they should relocate trees which cannot be avoided and ensure their survival, which must not be felled. 8.7.2.2 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Subproject Based on the Report on Emigrant Settlement Plan, 300mu of land must be acquired 5 permanently, which are farmland now. The land acquired is included in the Overall Planning of the Shuanggang Town, one of the demonstration towns of the country. Here, it will be used as municipal work. About 100 households of peasants will be affected, which will involve more than 400 people. 8.7.2.3 Dagu Canal Control Subproject, Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant and intermediate water reuse subproject They do not involve the relocation of emigrants. 8.7.3 Emigrant settlement plant Pipe network construction subproject Based on the Emigrant Settlement Report of this project provided by the development organization and compared with other subprojects, this subproject involves few emigrants who must be settled (two households, three people) and demolition and relocation mostly involve enterprises and stores and shops. For specific conditions, refer to Table 8-7-2-1. This project is a subproject of Tianjin Second WB Financed Urban Development Project - Dstorrnage Component and settlement of its emigrants will be finished by the Second WB Financed Project Leading Team of Tianjin Urban and Township Construction Commission within one year before the commencement of the project, which will organize relevant administrative departments to carry out the work gradually and in stages based on the relevant policies and emigrant settlement plan of the state. Based on the Emigrant Settlement Report, problems of this project concerning land acquisition, demolition and relocation and settlement of emigrants will be solved by compensation with money. According to the feasibility study report, money of this project for compensating for land acquisition, demolition and relocation and settlement of emigrants is shown in Table 8-7-3-1. Table 8-7-3-1 Cost for Land Acquisition, Demolition and Relocation and Settlement of Emigrants Nancang Fukang Soutuern No. Item Unit and Beicang Road Suburb Total Subproject work work I Land 10,000 acquisition fees Yuan 3147.0 91.5 45.0 3283.5 Demolition, 10,000 2 relocation and Yuan settlement fees 3200.0 0.0 1800.0 5000.0 3 Total 10,000 Yuan 6347 91.5 1845 8283.5 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant Subproject Since this project does not need demolition and relocation of houses and settlement of emigrants, peasants who will be affected due to land acquisition will get a one 5 time compensation by the state based on the relevant policies. Hence this project won't cause social problems due to settlement of emigrants. Dagu Canal Control Subproject, Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant and intermediate water reuse subproject They don't involve relocation of emigrants. 8.8 Operational risks of wastewater treatment plants and mitigation measures During the operation of wastewater treatment subprojects, sudden and non-sudden accidents may happen in the wastewater pipe network system and wastewater treatment system, which will cause serious impacts on the environment. The purpose of the analysis of the risks of accidents is to give engineering design and management feedback infornation by means of the analysis of the possible accidents and their extent and scope of impacts. 8.8.1 Identification of accidents (I )If the pipes in the wastewater pipe network system are obstructed, broken and their joints are damaged, they will cause the outflow of large amount of wastewater, which will pollute surface water and ground water. (2) If wastewater treatment plant has a power-cut, its equipment is damaged, equipment is operated improperly during test run, wastewater treatment structures fail to function well and equipment is stopped for service, large amount of wastewater may be directly discharged into water body accepting wastewater without being treated, thus causing accidental pollution. (3) Wastewater pumping stations fail to discharge wastewater smoothly after a long time of power-cut or due to damages of wastewater pumps, which is likely to cause overflow of wastewater. (4) Active sludge goes bad to cause sludge expansion or disintegration and other abnornal conditions, resulting in the loss of sludge and drop of treatment effects. (5) Natural calamities, such as earthquake, damage wastewater pipes and treatment structures, causing wastewater to flow in the plant, neighboring areas and water areas, hence serious local pollution. (6) Chlorine leakage accident in wastewater plants. 8.8.2 Analysis of accidents 8.8.2.1 Dstormage system Usually, sewers won't be obstructed or broken. They may be due to poor design, poor equipment or dumping of large quantity of solid wastes into sewers, etc. Abnormal operation of wastewater pumping stations is mostly due to poor design and management and poor equipment. The wastewater pumping stations in this subproject will use two power sources for uninterrupted operation. Usually they won't have a power-cut, which will cause accidental discharge. According to design, the earthquake resistance intensity of the dstornage system of this WB financed wastewater treatment plant is 8 degree at Richter scale. Therefore, earthquakes can cause little damages to the wastewater collection system. In case of a strong earthquake, the wastewater collection system may be damaged or subject to 5 other accidents (such as pipe damages), which will result in overflow of wastewater, hence a certain impacts on the ambient environment. 8.8.2.2 Wastewater treatment system Accidents in a wastewater treatment plant are due to many reasons, such as design, equipment and management, which all may lead to its abnormal operation. According to the results of investigations and research and information, it is less likely for a wastewater treatment plant to suffer from direct discharge of wastewater, which can be handled and easily. ( I ) Electric and mechanical troubles After a wastewater treatment plant is completed and put into operation, a trouble in its machines or electric facilities will hinder its wastewater treatment facilities form working normally and wastewater will be discharged accidentally. Activated sludge in the course of wastewater treatment has been cultivated and tamed for a long time and if there is a power-cut for a long time, it will suffocate and die due to lack of oxygen, which will damage technical process. It will be very long before the technical process of wastewater treatment is recovered and activated sludge is cultivated and tamed again. Based on design, the wastewater treatment plants in this WB financed project will use two power sources to guarantee power supply. Mechanical equipment will be imported from foreign countries and automatic control will adopt a production process automation system which is the most advanced in the world at present, based on standard and opening site bus and takes plant integrated automation as its concept. Hence, accidents due to electric and mechanical troubles will be very rare. (2) Stoppage of wastewater treatment system for maintenance investigations and researches have shown that the time for the overhaul of a wastewater treatment plant is three days to one week. When the entry wastewater pH value automatic detection system detects an abnormality during normal operation, it will stop the entry water automatically for a short time (several hours) to prevent it from damaging the treatment system. During the stoppage, wastewater will be directly discharged into water body through overrunning pipe, which will seriously pollute the water body. Maintenance risks during the maintenance of the normal operation of the wastewater system may bring great damages to the health of the personnel of the maintenance system. When a structure of the wastewater system is in abnormal operation, it must be eliminated immediately, when operators must enter the well to work. Toxic polluting substances in the form of gas in wastewater will bring risks endangering labor safety. (3) Sludge expansion Normal activated sludge has a good settling character and its moisture content is about 99%. When sludge goes bad, sludge is hard to settle, its index will rise, structure will become loose and volume will expand. Its moisture content will rise and clear liquid will lower and color will change. This is the so-called Sludge Expansion, which is mainly caused by the multiplication of large quantity of trichobacteria or sometimes by the excessive increase of bound water in sludge. Usually, wastewater contains many carbohydrates but not many nitrogen, phosphorus and iron and other nourishrnent and lacks dissoluble oxygen. When water temperature is high or pH value is low, trichobacteria will multiply in large quantity, hence sludge expansion. Besides, overload, old age or low gradient of organic substance concentration will also cause sludge expansion. Failure to discharge sludge smoothly will trigger bound water sludge expansion. The SBR technology adopted in this financed project can adjust time of aeration and S intermittence to ensure that wastewater is in an aerobic and anaerobic conditioll alternately in reaction tank. The entire technical process can be kept under satisfactory control. Due to repeated changes in the environment, growth of trichobacteria can be inhibited effectively during denitrification and phosphorus removal, hence great reduction in the incidence of sludge expansion. (4) Leakage of chlorine Liquid chlorine will be employed in the wastewater treatment plants of this WB financed project, a means of sterilization currently used by most domestic wastewater plants. In this method, chlorine is thrown into wastewater to kill the bacillus coli colonies in the wastewater and its dosage is about 0.5t/d. Being a strong irritating gas, chlorine will mainly act on bronchus and bronchiole or pulmonary alveoli to cause bronchial spasm, bronchitis and peripheral bronchitis. When large amount of chlorine is inhaled, it will cause toxic pulmonary edema. According to the stipulations of (TJ36 - 79) Sanitation Standards of Industrial Enterprise Design of the state, the max. allowable concentration of chlorine in chlorination room is 1mg/m3. Stringent preventative measures must be taken during the project to guard against the leakage of chlorine, which will cause damages. 8.8.3 Impacts of the abnormal discharge of wastewater on the environment Abnormal discharge of wastewater falls into two types: One is the reduction of wastewater treatment capability due to an accident and tail water cannot reach standards before being discharged and the other is wastewater treatment plant fails to run normally and some or all wastewater is directly discharged through overrunning pipe without being treated. Both of them will have impacts on the quality of the accepting water body, hence its failure to reach standards. 8.8.4 Measures and countermeasures for preventing accidents (I) Both pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants use two electric circuits for power supply. Standby water pumps should be available, which should be considered in the design. And mechanical equipment should use quality products with reliable performance. (2) Appropriate fullness and min. designed flow velocity should be chosen for main and lateral sewers in the design to avoid settlement of sludge. (3) Monitor of key pollution sources should be strengthened and monitor department of wastewater treatment plants should lay down a plan for the monitor of the water quality of key industrial pollution sources. It is recommended that the main wastewater discharge outlet of key pollution enterprises be monitored one to three times each week. (4) Discharge of substances which are toxic and harmful to microorganisms should be kept under strict control and specific monitor items should be chosen for the enterprises in the water collecting area based on their production conditions to guarantee the normal growth of microorganisms in the plant. (5) Emergency wastewater discharge outlet should be arranged for key wastewater discharge enterprises when their wastewater is about to enter the urban pipe network to restrict wastewater from entering the urban wastewater discharge pipe network wheni it cannot reach standards or contains toxic and harmful substances. Environmental management department should be responsible for its management or disposal. (6) In case wastewater treatment fails to function due to power-cut or other mechanical accidents, operation management and equipment service should be strengthened to prevent it from happening. (7) Daily management of wastewater treatment plants should be strengthened, as well as monitor during production, to avoid or reduce sludge expansion. 6 Since SBR has a high level of automation, management personnel should own a high technical level, therefore, operators should be educated and tstot-med in operation management, system maintenance, safety and others. 6 9 Sludge Management Since impacts caused by sludge generation, handling and disposal are probably the most significant in a largely beneficial wastewater collection and treatment project, such as this World Bank financed drainage project, a separate chapter, Chapter 9 has been dedicated to assessment of the procedures and potential impacts of sludge management by the EA team in this project. 9.1 Sludge sediment from the Dagu Canal 9.1.1 Monitoring and assessment of the current conditions 9.1.1.1 Basic conditions In September 2001, the EA team conducted a sampling and monitoring program for the sediment of the Dagu Canal which included 13 monitoring points. They are: I#, at the outlets of the Xianyang Road Pumping Station and the Miyun Road Pumping Station; 2 , 500m upstream the outlet of Jizhuangzi wastewater treatment plant to the Dagu Canal; 3#, 500 m downstream of the outlet of Jizhuangzi wastewater treatment plant on the Dagu Canal; 44, the Jinlai Highway section of the Jizhuangzi Canal; 54, 500 m from the Paoshuiwa Pumping Station; 6#, 1 km frorn the Paoshuiwa Pumping Station; 74, 500 m of the Jugezhuang Pumping Station; 8#, at the merge of the Dagu Canal and the Xianfenghe River; 94, 500 m at upstream from the place where the Xianfeng Canal enters the Dagu Canal; 104, at the Xincheng Bridge; 1I#, 100 m downstream of the place where wastewater from the Dagu Chemical Plant enters the Dagu Canal; 12#, 500 m from the Dongdagu Pumping Station and 13#, 1 km from Dongdagu Pumping Station. Considering that 8# is far from 10#, two more monitoring points were added between them on November 19, which are 8A, at Yanjiajuan Village, and 9A, at Jitai Village oln the Xianfenghe River. All together there were 15 monitoring points in this sediment monitoring program (Figure 5-2-1-1). Frequency of the monitoring program was one sample at the sampling time, including one at the sediment surface and one in-depth at each sampling point. The sediment collection followed the methodology stipulated in (GB15618-1995) Soil Environment Quality Standards. A total of 34 parameters were analyzed, including organic substance, TP, TN, Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, Zn, mineral oil, TOC, herbicide, insecticide, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl-, So42- and mechanical composition. 9.1.1.2 Method and standards of assessment Single factor assessment index was adopted to assess the level of Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, mineral oil, TOC, herbicide, insecticide and other hazardous substances in the sediment. Among them, Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Ni and mineral oil assessment used GB4284-84 Control Standards for Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge. Herbicide and insecticide, which are not included in the standards, relevant foreign standards were referred. TP, TN and organic substance are the key parameters regarding the fertility value of the sediment. They were assessed through the comparison with their corresponding background content in the soils of the Huabei Plain. Single factor assessment index is defined as: 9-1 c- c Si Where: Pj,- assessment index of factor i at section j; C,- Actually measured concentration of factor i at section j; Cs- environmental quality standards of factor i. Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl-, S042- and mechanical composition are key soil classification indexes. Based on the soil classification method of our country, soil substrate was classified as follows: Classification of soil quality: Kaqingski Simple System was adopted to classify, based on soil mechanical composition, soils into eight types, namely, sandy soil, sandy loam, light loam, moderate loam, heavy loam, light clay, moderate clay and heavy clay. Degree of salinization: Based on salt content and ESP, soils are classified into eight types, namely, non-saline alkali soil, alkali soil, alkaline soil, light saline soil, moderate saline soil, heavy saline soil, saline soil and saline-alkaline soil. Refer to Table 9-1-1-1. Salt content of soils contentofsalinematter 00 which is often expressed by weightofdrysoil percentage or ppM. ESP = contentofsodiumion 100 totalconcentofcation Table 9-1-1-1 Classified Indexes of Soil Salinization Salt content of soils (%) ESP (%) Degree of salinization <15 Non-saline alkali soil <0.2 15-20 Alkali soil >20 Alkaline soil 0.2-0.5 Light saline soil 0.5-0.7 Moderate saline soil >0.2 <15 0.7-1.0 Heavy saline soil >1.0 Saline soil >0.2 >15 Saline-alkaline soil Saline soil can still be differentiated as follows: Salinization type: Saline soil mainly contains chloride and sulfate, therefore, it can be classified based on the ratio of Cl- and S042- content (C17/S042 ), refer to Table 9-1-1 -2. Table 9-1-1-2 Classification Indexes of Subtypes of Saline Soil Cl0/SO42- <0.5 0.5-1 1-4 >4 9-2 Subtype of Sulfate saline Chloride Sulfate Chloride saline saline soil soil sulfate saline chloride saline soil soil soil 9.1.1.3 Analysis of results Results of the monitoring and assessment of the hazardous substances in the sediment of the Dagu Canal are shown from Table 9-1-1-3 to Table 9-1-1-6. From Table 9-1-1-3 to Table 9-1-1-6 it can be seen several pollutants in the surface sediment of the Dagu Canal exceed standards, including arsenic, nickel, zinc and mineral oil and other pollutants do not exceed standards. Among them, arsenic exceeds standards at 9A and its single factor assessment index is 1.05; Nickel exceeds standards at 88 and its single factor assessment index is 12.9; Zinc exceeds standards at 4#, 8#, 9A and 104 and its and its single factor assessment index reaches its peak at 10#, being 2.85; Mineral oil exceeds standards at 2#, 3', 4', 5', 6', 8#, 9A and 104 and its and its single factor assessment index reaches its peak at 5#, being 3.97. The levels of standards exceedance of pollutants are in the following order, from highest to modest: mineral oil, nickel, zinc, arsenic. Tendency of changes of pollutants exceeding standards (arsenic, nickel, zinc and mineral oil, etc.) along the canal is shown in Figure 9-1-1-1 to Figure 9-1-1-4. In terms of monitoring station locations, the surface sludge at 24, 3#, 4 , 5#, 6 , 8#, 9A and 10# has been polluted. Pollutants exceeding standards at 9A contain arsenic, zinc and mineral oil; those exceeding standards at 8# include nickel, zinc and mineral oil; those exceeding standards at 44, 9A and lO include zinc and mineral oil and those exceeding standards at 2#, 3#, 5# and 6# contain mineral oil. The levels of the polluted locations is in the following order from the most polluted: 8', 1 0#, 5', 4', 9A, 2#, 6#, 3#. Those locations which are not included in this list are considered not polluted according to this monitoring program. In the sediment at 10#, zinc and mineral oil exceed standards and their single factor assessment indexes 1.17 and 1.05. Other pollutants do not exceed standards. The sediment at other monitor points is not polluted. Classification indexes of the soils in the sediment of the Dagu Canal and results of monitor of the fertility indexes of the soils are shown in Tables 9-1-1-7 and 9-1-1-8. From these Tables, it can be seen that the quality of the sediment in the river is dominated by sandy soil and sandy loam. Except the sediment at 9A which is not salinized, the surface and sediment at other monitor points are all salinized by various degrees. Alkalization is serious at a few monitor points and fertility of surface sludge is high. Results of assessment and classification of sediment are summarized in Table 9-1-1-9. 9-3 2800 2400 2000 r 1600 1200 / 800 c 400 O ' e eL~~~.--- -___ _ - - 0 1 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 8A 9# 9A 10; 11# 1 2 13; Figure l ' I e lProject Stationi Localion 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 0 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 8A 94 9A 10# 114 129 13n Figure ri> o Rg IA m s SI lw the Project Statiotl Location 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 9 500 0 0 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7# 8# 8A 9# 9A 10o 11# 12# 13 Figure 9-I9-I Trend of Change of Mirfi7Oil in Sediment along the ProJect Station Location 12000 9000 6000 3000- 0 19 29 3# 4n 5n 6# 7# 8n 8A 99 9A ion 11 1 24 l3t: Figure 9- ~~Trend of Chaye of WMi&POiI in Sediment along the Project Stationi Locationi 9-4 Table 9-1-1-3 Results of Monitor of the Harmnful Substances in the Surface Sludge of the Dagu Canal (mg/kg) Sampling point Location I2 3# 4n 5Y 6P 7P 8A 9A lo, I I, 12' 13' value Total mercury 3.12 1.74 3.03 7.635 4 68 7.00 1.08 2.51 0.236 0.41 1.82 0.879 0.897 0458 0.186 15 Total arsenic 17.7 15.0 11.1 15.95 14.8 15.6 10.9 9.05 16.7 16.1 78.6 39.4 55.9 13 5 15.8 75 Total nickel 123 102 68.2 74.2 169 89.5 50.5 2580 29.6 34.1 59 43.1 29.3 32.5 93 200 Total cadmium 1.60 4.55 2.70 2.875 2.80 3.10 0.160 2.95 0.67 0.45 1 832 3.25 0.098 0.35 0.206 20 Total zinc 768 1420 338 1070 71.2 495 241 2000 675 498 2360 2850 71.5 291 230 1000 Total lead 61.3 65.7 77.6 356 142 67.5 25.0 390 64.4 58.1 382 64.1 28.5 17.5 27.1 1000 Total chromium 208 286 116 472 412 160 88.6 570 90.2 126 753 271 67.6 69.4 73.9 1000 Mineral oil 981 4580 4100 10295 11900 6420 476 5920 2280 89.5 3620 8810 68.0 602 910 3000 Alpha-BHC Not O08 Not Not 01 Not 020 Not Not 007 Not 017 Not Not Not 0 C detected 0 detected detectedet ected detec ted detected detected 0.0_1_7_ detected detected detected 05 Beta-BHC Not 022 Not Not 0.0 o .00 No Nt A Not 016 Not Not Not . Beta-BHC 0.232 detected detected detected 0.202 detected detected detected 0.101 detected 0156 dtccted t detected Delta-BHCGot neetd Nt Nt Udtce o neetd Nt NtUdetetd Not Undetected Not Not Not . detected detected detected detected Undetecte tected detecte detected detected detected detected H detected 7 detected detected de1Nte detected detected Udet detected detected detected detected 0 DDE Not 0.012 Not Not 0.043 Not 0.026 Nt0.011 Not 0 001 Not Not Not 0.5 detected detected detected detected 3.28cNot Not detected Not Not detected DDT Not 0Not Not Not Undeecte Not Undeecte Not Not 0nde023e Not Undetected Not Not Not 0.5 detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected DDD Not 0nt0 Not Not Undetecte0 Not Undetected Not Not Undetecte N ot Undetected Not Not Not detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected Methlparathion Not ndetecte Not Not Undetected Not Undetected Not Not Undetecte Not Undetecte Not Not Not detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected DMe t detect Un detected Not 0Not detected 085 detct Not Un detected 0 .3Undetected Not Not Not detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected ODDV Not Not7 Not Not 092 Not i43 Not Not Undeecte Undetected ot Not0 detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected Not Not Not Not N ot Not Not N ot Not Not arathion Undetected t Undetected I Undetected I Undetected I Undetected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected Methamdophos Not 058 Not Not 031 Not .57 No Nt 310 Not Lnectd Not Not Not . detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected Malathion N ot Undetected Not N ot Undetected Not Undetected Not Not Undetected Not Undetected N ot Not Not Idetected IIdetected detected detected Idetected detectled Idetected ,detected detected detected Table 9-1-1-4 Results of Assessment of the Single Factor Index of the Harmful Substances in the Surface Sludge of the Dagu Canal Sampling point 8#g Location I 2" 3" 4 5" 6" 7" 8 8A 9" 9A 10 I1 12 13' E P, Total mercury 0 208 0.116 0.20 0.51 0 31 0.47 0 07 0.17 0.02 0.03 0 12 0 06 0 06 0.03 0 01 2 38 Total arsenic 0.236 0.20 0.15 0.21 0 20 0.21 0 15 0.12 0 22 0.21 0 53 0.75 0.18 0.21 4 63 Total nickel 0615 051 034 0.37 085 045 025 0 15 0 17 0.30 0.22 0.15 0.16 0.47 179 Totalcadmium 0.08 0227 0 14 0 14 0.14 0 16 001 0 IS 003 0.02 0.09 0 16 0.01 002 0.01 1 39 Total zinc 0 768 0 34 0.07 0 50 0 24 0.68 0.50 0.07 0 29 0.23 13.39 Total lead 0.061 0.065 0.08 0.36 0.14 0.08 0 03 0.39 0.06 0.06 0 28 0 06 0.03 0 02 0.03 1 75 Total chromium 0.208 0.286 0.12 0.47 0.41 0.16 0.09 0 57 0.09 0.13 0.75 0 27 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.76 Mineral oil 0.327 0.16 0.76 0.03 0.02 0.20 0.30 20.35 Alpha-BHCNo 037 Nt ot 035 Not 039 Not Not 014 Not 034 Not Not Not 01 detected 0 deected detected detected de39ct detected detected detecd detected detected N N Beta-BHC Notece 0 46 Not Notece 0.40 Notece 0.40 Notece Not 0.20 Notece 0 31 Notece Not Not 1.77 Delta-BHC detected Udtc detected detected 0.035ed d etected d0.039e ddetected detected detected detected 0 1 Delta-BHC Not Not Not Nodetected No tndetected Not N Notdetected detected Not Not 4.77 detected Un d0 46 detected detected 0.0 detected 0.0 detected detected 00 detected 0 detected detected detected DGa Ta-BHC Not Not Not Not Undetected Not Not Not Not Not N 0D3D 0Not detected detect Not Undetected Not dot Not 4.33 detcte Undetected detected detected Undetected detected detected detected deeected detected detected DDE NotH0.Not Not Not 087 Not 052 Not Not 021 Not 002 Not Not Not 018 detected detected detected detected detected detected detected U detected detected detected DDT Not 0.05 Not Not 0.17 ~~~Not 032 Not Not 045 Not Udtce Not Not Not 029 DDVP Ndetected 0024 t Not 0etd detected detected 0 detected detected detected detected 0.S8 DDDNo Nt ot No Udetected deetd deetddt Uneetd Ntco neetd o neetd o o o 44 1 31 deeced U deeceddetected detected Udetected NtUdetected detected detected U detected detected U detectedNo detected detected O Partho Not 005tete Not Not 017tete Not 0032ete Not Not 0.045cte Not Undetected Not Not Not 0.9 detected detected detected detected detect detected detected detected detected detected Me DDy Naatto Not Uneetd Not Not U ndetect-ed Not Undetected Not Not Uneetd Not Uneetd Not Not Not detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected detected I detected 0 DPara tho Nt 4 Not Not 2 74 Not 5 88 Not Not 98 Not 2 2 Not Not Not 917 deetdUdetected detected detected Udtce dtdetected etce edetected detected ectd deletd neected detected detected detected 0 Methyl aratho Not Uneetd Not Not Uneetd Not Uneetd Not Not Uneetd Not Udtce o o o Undetected detected detected detected Idetected detected Un detected Un detected Not eNot detec0e detected Undet dtctddeete etecte d detected detected deteced detected detected Malathion_____ deectd 14eece Nt otUdetected Ntudetected 0 18 dtceN.0oeetd dtece 0.07cte Not Udtce Not Not Not 0.5 detected tect~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eete 8 eete eece etce ~~~~~~~~~detected detected detectddNted detected U detected detected 01 detected UdetectedNoNt Nt 2.503 1 5.969 12 74 6 56 1 8.18 14 17 2 98 18.27 12.01 2 6.16 9 51 6 1.16 0 97 1 33 Table 9-1-1-5 Results of Monitor of the Hanrful Substances in the Sediment of the Dagu Canal (mg/kg) Sampling point Location I# 2 2 3 4 5a 6H 7N 8# 8A 9a 9A l0o lip 12 13 Standard Item _v_luev Total mercury 0.152 0.950 0.503 0.203 0.095 0.415 0.288 0.152 -- 0.158 0.756 0.210 0.183 15 Total arsenic 16.1 20.2 14.7 8.95 6.80 15.3 13.6 16.1 14 26.4 16.4 12 75 Total nickel 25.6 42.1 33.2 21.6 25.4 30.2 30.5 25.6 29.9 31.2 33.1 30 5 200 Total cadmium 0.426 0.6 0.350 0.069 0.097 0.80 0.400 0.426 0.199 0.850 0.168 0.114 20 Total zinc 491 263 206 63 103 606 276 491 146 1170 118 935 1000 Total lead 56.2 73.2 53.5 18.6 25.4 93.1 59 56.2 45.6 92.5 32.3 31.1 1000 Total 65.6 134 92.6 49.4 60.5 108 98.8 65.6 101 112 = 80.6 67.5 1000 Mineraloil- 1610 458 450 122 302 1640 214 1610 134 3150 166 760 3000 Table 9-1-1-6 Results of Assessment of the Single Factor Index of the Harmful Substances in the Sediment of the Dagu Canal Sampling point Location I# 2# 3# 4# 5# 6# 7N 8# 8A 9# 9A lo# I| I 12 | 13" E P# Item __l_l_l_l Total mercury 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 -- 0.01 0.05 -- 0.01 0 01 0.27 Total arsenic 0.21 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.09 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.35 1 0.22 0.16 2.16 Total nickel 0.13 0 21 0.17 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.16 -- 0.17 | 0.15 1.65 Total cadmium 0.02 0 03 0.02 0.003 0.005 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 - 0.01 0.01 0.22 Totalzinc 0.49 0.26 0.21 0.06 0.10 0.61 0.28 0.49 0.15 -- 0.12 0.94 4.54 Total lead 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.09 | 0.03 0.03 0.61 Total 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.11 | 0.08 0.07 0.99 Mineral oil 054 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.10 0.55 0.07 0.54 1 0 04 - 0.05 0.25 3.01 Spi 1.52 1.2 0.92 0.42 0.52 1.78 0.88 1.54 0.7 3 03 - 0.88 1.62 9- Table 9-1-1-7 Results of Monitor of the Classification Indexes and Fertility Indexes of the Soils in the Surface Sludge of the Dagu Canal Monitor Organic TN TP Cl- SO4 - Fe K Na Ca Mg Salt ESP Cl-/ Mechanical point substance (ppM) (ppM) (ppM) (ppM) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) content (%) so42- composition location (%) (%) * 3.42 981 1770 49.9 4370 3.28 1.66 0.959 4.07 1.28 0.44 0.09 0.01 Sandy soil 2* 5.76 4580 1820 108 4080 3.03 1.58 0.989 4.62 1.74 0.42 0.08 0.03 Sandy soil 3*T 4.35 4100 1460 69.5 9910 2.69 1.77 1.26 3.77 1.62 1 .00 11.34 0.01 Sandy soil 4H 8.265 3455 2440 6525 35760 1.99 0.973 0.89 3.275 2.98 4.23 8.81 0.18 Sandy soil 5*F 11.3 1520 2550 7240 11600 2.42 1.48 1.23 3.19 1.92 1.88 12.01 0.62 Sandy soil 6* 10.1 6420 1340 19600 13200 2.38 1.58 1.23 3.47 1.82 3.28 11.74 1.48 Sandy soiI 7* 2.06 33.3 885 10600 8400 3.16 2.14 1.28 5.96 1.98 1 90 8 815 1.26 Sandy loam 8* 7.35 1050 1340 5530 5120 2.63 1.42 1.19 3.98 1.84 1.07 10.76 1.08 Sandy loam 8A 4.73 29.4 959 1910 247 3.26 2.01 1.26 5.95 1.82 0.22 0.09 7.73 Sandy soil 9* 2.91 27.8 774 1200 2740 3.08 1.98 0.977 4.54 1.69 0.39 7.96 0.44 Sandy loam 9A 6.37 1945 2020 43.7 978 3.84 2.07 1.03 3.11 2.60 0.10 0.08 0.04 Sandy soil 10 15.5 5240 1410 37300 11900 1.79 1.29 1.99 4.67 1.98 4 92 16.98 3.13 Sandy loam lIl 4.02 33.4 941 62800 10700 2.98 2.06 1.64 4.29 1.77 7.35 12.87 5.87 Sandy loam 12* 2.23 506 821 23300 3970 3.02 2.12 1 .70 4.81 2.01 2.73 12.45 5.87 Sandy loam 13 2.36 ___ 777 1280 9100 2.51 1.60 1.11 6.47 1.82 1 .04 8.22 0.14 Sandy loam 9- Table 9-1-1-8 Results of Monitor and Calculation of the Classification Indexes and Fertility Indexes of the Soils in the Surface Sludge of the Dagu Canal Monitor Organic TN TP Cl- S04 Fe K Na Ca Mg Salt ESP Cl-/ Mechanical point substance (ppM) (ppM) (ppM). (ppM) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) content (%) so42- composition location (%) _ (%)_ 2# 0.45 633 540 490 278 2.08 1.85 1.28 2.80 1.14 0.08 0.14 1.76 Moderate I _ _ __ _ _I_ _ _ _ __I__ _ _ __ _I__ _ __ _ _sandy_loam 3 1.82 458 842 10.8 1750 3.22 2.23 0.947 4.11 1.68 0.18 7.771 0.01 Sandy soil 4 1.57 101 857 9100 2930 3.00 1.60 1.14 4.63 1.64 1.2 9.492 3.11 Sandyloam 5# 0.55 651 642 912 709 2.36 1.94 1.62 3.25 1.14 0.16 15.71 1.29 Light sandy loam 6F; 0.64 555 688 176 328 2.40 1.90 1.42 2.44 1.30 0.05 Moderate 0.05 15.01 0.54 sandy loam 7 2.44 1640 896 2500 2530 2.72 2.04 1.23 4.11 1.71 0.5 10.41 0.99 Sandy soil 8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8A 5.16 27.7 892 1840 111 2.95 1.94 1.30 8.50 1.62 0.2 7.971 16.6 Sandy soil 9ff-- 1.41 330 648 1480 1890 3.16 1.99 1.05 4.61 1.57 0.34 8 481 0.78 Sandyloam 9A 1.22 167 692 55.9 143 3.21 2.26 1.17 4.25 1.67 0 02 9.315 0.39 Sandy soil 10 7.19 1680 1110 38700 7590 2.48 1.86 2.07 5.03 1.89 4.63 15.53 5.1 Sandyloam 12 1.19 400 547 4490 1210 3.06 2.04 1.09 4.93 1.62 0.57 8.556 3.71 Sandy loam 13j 0.94 -- 609 3440 1350 2.96 1.97 1.24 4.23 1.48 0.48 10.44 2.55 Sandy loam 9- Table 9-1-1-9 Summary of the Results of Assessment of the Sedim nt in the Da u Canal Point Soil Sludge Factor Single factor Fertility Soil Degree of location layer thickness exceeding assessment conditions quality salinization Type of salinization I " Surface 0.55 - Fertile soil Sandy soil Light salinized Sulfate so il__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Surface I 0 Zneatid 1 52 Fertile soil Sandy soil Light sal Sulfate -alnie 2" Moderate Bed 0 2 Common soil sandy Non-salinized Inarn 3" a Surface O 65 Mineral oil 1.37 Fertile soil Sandy soil Heavy Sulfate Surface 0 65 z.aliniz7ed zmol R........Bedrl....... nJL3.5........... -- --Fertile cmnil £nndy -nil Non-ralhni,d7- Surface 0 90 Zneanl 1.07/3.43 Fertile soil Sandy soil Saline soil Sulfatc Bed 0 10 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Sulf;ate and chloi ide Surface 1.05 Mineraloil 3.97 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Chloride and sulfate lnam 5q Bed 0.30 Common soil saingdh sain Sulfate and chloride Inarn ~~soil -Snifce. n cI MinenjL 9 14 Fertilecnsil Sandy smil Saline cc 1 Sulfte and rchilride Bed 0 10 Common soil Moderate Alkalinized Chloride and sulfate lnam~~~oi Surface 0.45 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Sulfate and chloridce Bed 0.20 Fertile soil Sandy Light salinized Chloride and sulfate 8# Surface 0.8 Ni ,Zn and 12.9/2.0/1.97 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Sulfate and chloride mineral oil loam Surface 1 2 Fertile soil Sandy soil Light salinized Clloi ldc soil Clrd 8A Bed 0.3 Fertile soil Sandy soil sodi Chloride Surface 0.80 Fertile soil Sandy Light salinized Sulfate 94 inarn... 4oil Bed 0.10 Common soil Sandy Light salinized Chloride and sulfate 9A Siirfaee 0 4 Ag I Os Fertile coil qS-n.yo -il Nnn-4alini7vrl Redl n I s Cnmmnn cnil Ranrycnil Non-ahni7ed Surface 1.40 Znand 2.85/2.94 Fertile soil Sandy Salinc soil Sulfatc and chloi ide loll m~~~~in~l nil loam Bed 0.30 Znand 1.17/1.05 Fertile soil Sandy Saline-alkali Slfat minenlntil ________ nan.... 'oil SIft I I" Surface 1.0 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Sulfate loam Surface 0.95 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Sulfatc 1 2" nn Bed 0 45 Common soil Sandy Moderate SufIatC and chloride Surface 0.95 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Chlor-idc 13" nn Bed 0.15 Common soil Sandy Light salnized Sulfate and chloride Note: "-" in the Table means factors exceeding standards are unavailable. 9-I 9.1.2 Dagu Canal Dredged Sediment Disposal Plans 9.1.2.1 Dredging Based on the layered structure of sections and the thickness of sediment and considering that the Dagu River has not been dredged for many years., it's possible that some of the compacted or hard sediment layers are also polluted. The dredging will include some of the compacted sediment, together of loose sediment, are presented in Table 9-1-2-1 and Figure 5-2-1-1 Table 9-1-2-1 Current Conditions of the Sediment in the Dagu Canal Loose Loose Hard Average river .sediet se sed Hard sediment Location width seiet sdmet sdmn quantity m thickness quantity thickness nti m 3 ni~~ n 1. Where the outlet water from the Xianyang Road Pumping Station and that from the Miyun 20 0 55 29700 Road Pumping Station rnvnerge 2. At the upper reaches of the place where the Dagu Canal and 24.7 1.0 153140 0.20 30628 hi7hunng7i rnnverge 3. At the lower reaches of the place where the Dagu Canal and 20.2 0.65 13130 0 35 7070 Ii7hiinng7i rnnverge 4. At the upper reaches of the place where the Jizhuangzi 20.8 0.90 54288 0.10 6032 C'n2l enterc the nagii River 5. In front of the Paoshuiwa 22.6 1.05 106785 0.30 30510 Piumping StntiOn 6 Behind the Paoshuiwa 16.4 0.90 14760 0 10 1640 Puimping tnaionn 7. In front of the Jugezhuang 29. 0.45 234900 0 20 104400 Pumping Statinn 8 At the lower reaches of the place where the Dagu Canal and 38 0 8 51680 0.1 6460 Xrnnfeng (Canal rnnverge 8A Yanjiajuan Villagc 30.5 1.2 333060 0.3 83265 (hetween o and IO#) 9. At the upper reaches of the place where the Xianfeng River 10.8 1.0 68040 0 0 -nter- the n Igii River 9A. Jitai Village ( middle 20 0.4 50400 0 15 18900 sectinn nfthe Xianfeng River) IO Yinrheng Rridge 23 1 40 2S13f2L n An (27790 i I Winnian Rridge 23 5 I n 1 76250 12 In front of the Dongdagu 48.3 095 160598 0.45 76072 Puimping Stntion 13. Sea outlet of the Dongdagu 44.2 0 95 117572 0.15 18564 Pumping qtftion _ Tota l Ia1 . _ _ _ _46___ In total, there will be 1.857 million m3 of loose sediment and 446,000 n3 compacted or hard sediment to be dredged in this remediation project. Sediment in the river course can be dredged in two ways: One is to intercept the canal flow for dredging on dry canal bed and another is dredging without interruption of the flows. When flow is intercepted, upstream water can be diverted to other river courses or 9-1 pumped to down stream section of the canal through temporary pipes. Wastewater lin the sections where flow has been diverted can be pumped to the bottom to reduce the moisture content of the sludge. Sediment with moisture content above 85% (i.e., upper and middle layers) is pumped to the banks for dewatering. Excavators will be used to transport compacted sediment and loaded to trucks at the bank. This method will be applied to river sections where hard sediment has been polluted or sections of river bed need to be changed. After canal is dried, however, sediments will be exposed to air, leasing strong nuisance odor to the surrounding areas. Hence this method is applicable to rivers sections where are no residents. If flow is not stopped, pumps will be used to suck sediment with expected moisture content of about 97%. This methocl adds to dewatering workload and hard sediment cannot be removed. But it will cause less serious impacts on neighboring residents. It is applicable to canal sections where hard sediment layer is not polluted and cross section won't be changed. When residents live along the banks in the urban area and hard sediment must be dredged, loose sediment can be sucked out first when flow is not stopped to reduce the impacts of the stinky smell, then flow can be intercepted and canal bed dried for mechanical dredging. The way of sucking or excavating sediment to the bank for further treatment and disposal is related to such factors as the physical and chemical properties of sediment, structure of soils, distance between construction site and place of disposal, etc. If the toxic substances and heavy metals in sediment do not exceed standards, sanitary landfill is not necessary for final disposal. Sediment can be transported by sealed trucks to storage place directly where it will be piled up on wasteland directly. If the construction site is far away from the storage sites, it can be dewatered before transportation. If the physical and chemical properties of sediment can meet the requirements of construction, it can be used for banking or as soil fertilizer or conditioner for land disposal. If the toxic substances and heavy metals in sediment exceed standards, sanitary landfill will be adopted for sediment disposal. Since landfill sites have a limited area, space should be made use of as much as possible. Sediment will be first dewatered on site or the landfills until its moisture content is lowered to below 80%. If the dredging site is far from the landfills, sludge should be dewatered until its moisture content is below 80%, which is convenient for transportation, can reduce transportation quantity and pollution along the roads. Then it will be transported to landfill by trucks. If it is not far from the landfill, it can be transported by sealed trucks to the landfill, where it will be dewatered together. 9.1.2.2 Sludge dewatering Sludge dewatering is intended for reducing transportation quantity and pollution along the roads. If its moisture content is lowered from 97% to 80%, transportation quantity will be reduced by 85%. When it is reduced from 90% to 80%, transportation quantity will be reduced by 50%. Meanwhile, dewatering of polluted sludge can help reduce its threats to the environment and amount of leachate generated at landfill. Many ways are available for sludge dewatering and centrifugal, belt press filter, plate frame press filter and others can be used. In view of the nature and volume of sludge, 9-l we recommend to use movable belt press filters. Our calculation shlows that about 50,000 m3 of sludge whose moisture content is above 80% must be dewatered. After dewatering, filtrate must first be treated before being discharged to the back to downstream of the canal. Since key pollutants are heavy metals, centralized filtrate treatment facilities will be provided near the dewatering system to remove the heavy metals by chemical process. Stint gas Nise Tail as Nsse Next to l lI Dredging when nlow Sealed residential quarter Ed Stinky gas not stopped transportation Exceediiig standards * Dry sitidge F;ng (irmDiecvi<85)/o) Filtrate Reachinlg grainrlnrrig > Earthilig tip embn zikilicil Far from residential + Dredging when Common ailorestation and agriculture qtiarter flow is stopped transportation Figure 9-2-1-2 Schematic Drawing of Dry Sludge Dredging and Treatment 9-13 z Stik as Nfse Iailas Stinkyts Nfse - a Dredging when flOw-* Sealed kCetral d dewvatcring is not stopped transportation+ Wastewater Sposh risureoitewtiiS98/o No need to expand river bed section or lay Stinky g N se Sti 9 ooise KxPan~~~ stoppedIL T gas S1 flrxpand iver bed or T D lay embankment Dredging when Dewvatering Common transportation a n~~~~~~~~~fow ts stopped Wastewa Sti gas Exceedm n standards Fail lg Ft I trate Reachin Earthing tip embankment. standards afforestatioIn anid agriculture Figure 9-2-1-3 Schematic Drawing of Sposh Dredging and Treatment 9-14 9.1.2.3 Sludge disposal Final disposal of large quantity of sediments include the following methods: filling in the sea to reclaim land, banking, use in farmlands and greening areas, storage nearby (drying plants) and disposed in landfill, etc. Based on the properties of sludge, this project will use the sludge for banking, disposal in woodland/greening areas, storage, and landfilling. A. Banking When heavy metals in sediment do not exceed standards and its physical and chemical properties are suiTable for banking improvement material, it can be used for banking in the Dagu canal bank improvement. B. Use by woodland and greening area When heavy metals in sediment do not exceed standards and plant experiments show that they comply with relevant standards, it can be used as fertilizer/soil conditioner in woodlands and greening areas. C. Storage nearby (drying plant) This way of disposal is applicable to sludge with heavy metals not exceeding standards. Since there are some wastelands along the Dagu canal, the sludge can be piled up in these wasteland directly without dewatering. D. Sanitary landfilling If heavy metals in sediment exceed standards, its final disposal will adopt sanitary landfilling. To prevent sludge from causing secondary pollution to ground water and ambient environmrent, landfill will use typical double liners to prevent leachate from leaving the sites. 9.1.3 Analysis treatment and disposal plan From the results of the above assessment of the current conditions we can know that the content of TN, TP and organic substances in the sediment of the Dagu Canal is high and its sediment, especially surface sediment, has a good fertility, which exceeds the indexes of the fertile soils of the Huabei Plain. Therefore, the following treatment and disposal plans can be used respectively based on the pollution conditions of the heavy metals in sediment: (1) Used as an agricultural fertilizer: When the content of heavy metals and mineral oil in sediment comply with GB4284-84 Control Standards of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge and sediment has a high fertility and is not seriously salinized, it will first be used as an land fertilizer/conditioner. This not only can reduce the quantity of sludge to be filled effectively and save money but also can change wastes into valuable things to change harms into benefits, hence full use of natural resources. (2 ) Stored on the wasteland along the banks, used for banking or afforestation: When the content of heavy metals and mineral oil in sediment comply with GB4284-84 Control Standards of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge but sediment has a poor fertility and is seriously salinized, it can be directly piled up on the wastelands along the banks, used for banking and afforestation to reduce the quantity of sludge to be filled and save money. 9-l (3 )Landfilling: When the content of heavy metals and mineral oil in sediment comply with GB4284-84 Control Standards of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge, sediment will be transported to landfill for filling so that it won't have obvious impacts onl the ambielit environment. In the light of the results of the above assessment of the current conditions of sediment, this assessment has proposed plans for the disposal of the dredged sediment in the Dagu Canal, as shown in Tables 9-1-3-1 and 9-1-3-2 and Figure 9-1-3-1 and 9-1-3-2. Table 9-1-3-1 Plans for Disposal of the Surface Sludge from the Dagu Canal Point Quantity of Factor Fertility Quality of Degree of Treatnient and location (sn,3) exceeddng conditions soils salinization disposal plan 14 29700 Fertile soil Sandy soil Light To be applied as an salinized soil agricultural fertili7er 2# I S1140 Mineral oil Fertile soil Sandy soil Light Filling 1511411 -~~~~~~~~~~~~.Atini.zed nil - 3# i 1 1 ln Mineral oil Fertile soil Sandy soil Heavy Filling 11130 -~~~~~~~~~ahni7edsol q 4# 5428R 7natnfi mhininil Fertile cnil. £anfiy coil Sline cnil Filli n 5# 1 j67RS Mineral oil Fertile soil Sandy soil Saline soil Fillinc 6# 1 4761n Mineral oil Fertile soil Sandy soil Saline soil Filling 7_ Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Afforestation 8p 51680 Nineal Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Filhng Mineral oil loamFiln 8A 333060 Fertile soil Sandy soil Light Fling salinized soilFiln 9# Fertile soil Sandy Light Filing CeSn4n Innm Icsmin.-i Fli 9A in4nn As Fertile soil Sandy soil Non-salinized Filling lOll Zn and ninnral oil Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Filling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _In a rn 12 l ~fils-RFertile soil Sandy Saline soil Afforestation 132 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Afforestation 13# iS2- Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Afforesiationi I I 7S7T lor29 P;\ at I1RS71?1 9-1 Table 9-1-3-2 Plans for Disposal of the Bottom Sediment in the Dagu Canal Point Quantity of Factor Fertility Quality of Degree of Treatment and disposal location sludge exceeding conditions soils salinization plan ±m2 3standards Moderate Light 24 Common soil sandy salinized Banking and storage _0OR Innm cnil 34 .e Sandy Non Applied as an 3 7070 Fertl le soml cisl Fetil sinie nari inltn-al feriilh7or 4# C.Ol7 Fertile soil Sandy Saline soil Afforestation Light Alkalized Baknadstrg 5# Common soil sandy soil Banking and storage Ans I n) loaim 6# Common soil Moderate soil Banking and storage Sandy Light Apphed as an 7# Fertile soil salinized 1044n soil cniI agricultural fertilizer 8# ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - omn ol Sandy Light 8§ Common soil loam salinized Banking and storage 646n __nil Sandy Light SA -- Common soil soil salinized Filling Sandy Light 9A - Common soil loam salinized Banking and storage l0ol Znandmineral oil Fertile soil Sandy Saline-alkal Filling t# ~~~n Cmo l Sandy Moderate 12 Cornimon soll oam salinized Banking and storage 76071 loam LlghtD l3~~~ -- Common soil ~~~~~~ Sandy Light 13' Common soil loam salinized Banking and storage I RS64 i Tntnl 44611A) Note: "-" in the Table means that standards are not exceeded. Quantity of sludge to be disposed in different disposal plans is shown in Table 9-1-3-3. Table 9-1-3-3 Quantity of sludge to be disposed in different disposal plans (i 3) Disposal plan Agricultural Afforestation Banking or storage Filing Total Sludge quantity 141170 695352 182775 1284358 2303655 (hefnre dwai-ring)6l Ratio to total sludge 6.i 3 30.19 7 93 55 75 100 9.1.4 Impacts of storage and land disposal 9.1.4.1 Impacts of sludge for afforestation on surrounding soil environment From the above analysis it can be seen that 630,572m3 of dredged sediment can be 9-1 disposed of in wood land or greening areas. After dewatering, this amount will be reduced to 269,637 m3 at 80% moisture. Based on the materials provided by the project proponent, the sludge for land disposal will mainly be used for the construction of green belts along river course, as well as the construction of green belts along the Jinganig Highway, which will need 400,000 m3 of soils and can accept all the sludge for afforestation of this project. Sludge for afforestation will mainly come from the sediment at 7#, 12# and 13# and the hard sludge at 3" and 4O. Since the above sludge is directly laid on the earth's surface, it will form a thick layer. Therefore, Class C standards of GB15618-1995 Soil Environment Quality Standards are employed to analyze and assess its forestry appropriateness, refer to Table 9-1-4-1. Table 9-1-4-1 Content of Harmful Substances in Sludge for Afforestation Sludge 12# 131 71 311 41 71 Class Pollutant surface surface Surface Bottom Bottom Bottom C Cd 0.35 0.206 0.16 0.6 0.35 0.8 1.0 Hg 0.458 0.186 1.08 0.950 0.503 0.415 1.5 As 13.5 15.8 10.9 20.2 14.7 15.3 30 Pb 17.5 27.1 25 73.2 53.5 93.1 500 Cr 69.4 73.9 88.6 73.2 53.5 93.1 300 Zn 291 230 241 263 206 606 500 Ni 32.5 93 50.5 42.1 33.2 30.2 200 Table 9-1-4-2 Single Factor Assessment Index of Harmful Substances in Sludge for Affores tation Sludge 121 131 7# 3 41 71 Pollutant surface surface Surface Bottom Bottom Bottom Cd 0.35 0.21 0.16 0.6 0.35 0.8 Hg 0.31 0.12 0.72 0.63 0.34 0.28 As 0.45 0.53 0.36 0.67 0.49 0.51 Pb 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.11 0.19 Cr 0.23 0.25 0.3 0.24 0.18 0.31 Zn 0.58 0.46 0.48 0.53 0.41 1.21 Ni 0.16 0.47 0.25 0.21 0.17 0.15 From Table 9-1-4-1 and Table 9-1-4-2 it can be seen that the contents of heavy metals in sludge for afforestation are all much lower than the limits in Class C standards of GB15618-1995 Soil Environment Quality Standards. Hence, the sludge can meet the demands of wood soils and won't cause obvious impacts and pollution to plants and the environment. At the same time, content of TN, TP and organic substance in sediment are high and the N, P and organic substance in soils are the necessary nutritious elements for the growth of plants and are good to the growth of plants and if used for afforestation. It can not only eliminate the pollution of the environment by N and P but also can turnl thle ha into a benefit and turn waste into wealth. To further analyze the impacts of sludge for afforestation on the growth of surrounding crops, this assessment used samples of sludge at 2#, 5#, 71, 9# and 10#1 monitor points and conducted an early seed development experiment, during which, each sample was prepared based on four ratios (ratio between sludge weight and soil weight): control 9-l experiment (0%) , 5%, 20% and 80%. Totally, five types of crops were used for the experiment, including two types of monocotyledons (wheat and maize) and three types of dicotyledons (white radish, kidney bean and soya bean) . The experiment lasted for 15 days. After 15 days, length of their roots, height of their seedlings, dry weight above the ground and of the roots were measured respectively. For the results of the experiment, refer to Tables 9-1-4-3 to 9-1-4-22 and Figures 9-1-4-1 to 9-1-4-12. Table 9-1-4-3 Length of the Root of Sample 2# (cm) Sludge ratio Kidney bean. heat -Maize -Soya- bean Whie-radish Control 10.0 7.0 15.0 16.0 6.0 -.up 9. 5 7014 0 9.0 Q. 20% 10.5 5.-- 0 130 1-5-.- 6.0 80%--- 5 5 5-0 - NA- 50- Table 9-1-4-4 Height Seedling of Sample 2# (cm) Sludge ratio- -Kidney bean- Weat Maize Soya-bean -Wite- radis Control 26.0 21.0 20.0 32.0 12.0 -gr-oup-- -5° 24 23133.5 923.0 - 3-- ?00 4.0 220°,o 30.0 1-5.0- - 16.0 - 80 9 0 80%°. 16-0 - 14.0- NA -44-0 - .0 12~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya Bean White Radish Figure9-I-4-1 Length of Root of No. 2 Sample 9-19 GCotii ic 05% 0~~~~~~~~; Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure 9-4-1-2 Height of Seedling of No.2 Sample Table 9-1-4-5 Dry Weight of Sample 2# above the Ground (I 0-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 1 04g Sludge ratio- Kidney bean- - Aheat-- -Maize-- Sova bean WThite-radih- Control 127 160 64 138 120 -Gr-oup-- - 50 - 1-1-- 10 83 97- 90 --80%--- ---427--- --90---- N-~-- ---60--- 5-9 I-0- Table 9-1-4-6 Dry Weight of the Root of Sample 2# ( 1 03g): M etad ht Radish-are 10 4g------ Sludge ratio- Kidney bean- Wheat -Maize- -Soya-bean lhite radisI Control 49 100 31 81 90 group 5 ---80 80 -39 40 -80 4 - 71--- 60-- - 8-- 40- 60 80%°./ 25 A0 NA 30 50 160 * X i _ _1 140 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~5 Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-1-4-3 Dry Weight of No. 2 Sample on the Ground 9-20 100 80 _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 01!III 1.Xi fpCOoltlol 60 p ClGi-o I lo40 EiF E IF U II *.Iiw.' ~~I 5% 201 IUiHp20% 0 0 80% Kidney Bean M4ai7e White Radish Figure 9-1-4-4 Dry Weight of Root of No.2 Sample Table 9-1-4-7 Length of Root of Sample 5# (cm) Sludge r-atio- Kidney bean Wet az So a ban White radis Control 10.0 7.0 15.0 16.0 6.0 gr-oup 1)0/z .080 . NA-7 80°o N AA 7.5 Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure 9-1-4-5 Length of Root of No. 5 SamiplIe 9-21 :t [~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cliotilol 5% 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~20% Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-1-4-6 Height of Seedling of No.5 Sample Table 9-1-4-8 Height of Seedling of Sample 5# (cm) Sludge, ratio Kidne bean. Wheat Maize Soya bean -White- adish- Control 26.0 21.0 20.0 32.0 12.0 group -5°. :2R.( :(0. - 13.0 7.0 9.0 20OO - .0 - 9.0 13.5- I NA 8.0 -80%- - -NA- - -140- NA NA 2.0 Table 9-1-4-9 Dry Weight of Sample 5# above the Ground ( 1 03g ) Wheat and White Radish are 1 04g Sludge ratio- Kidney beanap- - heat---- --Maize- Soya-bean- -White radishj Control 127 160 64 138 120 --group-- 5%4 1451I 170- - --66- 51 - 100 -20%-- --00-- -480-- --46 NA --90- - 80%./o --NA.4 - I100- --NA-- NA - 5-0-- Table 9-1-4-10 Dry Weight of the Root of Sample 5# ( 10-3g): Wheat ancd White Radish are 1 04g Sludge ratio -Kidney -bean- Wheat---- -Maize----- -Soya bean -Whiterdish Cogtrol 49 100 31 81 90 groLup 5°. 5 7 II( 9 88 - ,40- 48 110 33- NA 80 -80%---- -NA 30 NA NA 30 9-22 , I _ _794- 0 i I _ _ :20% o 0 80% Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-1-4-7 Dry Weight of No. 5 Sample on the Ground r,I N16.0 I | 30°/o NA 10.0 1 1.5 13 80% NA 7.0 13.0 9.~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~0 30 0 Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-l-4-8 Dry Weight of Root of No. 5 Sample Table 9-1-4-1 1 Length of Root of Sample 7# (cm) |Sludge ratio- |KiAney bean- Wheat | Maize -Soa-bean- -White-radish- Control 10.0 7.0 15.0 16.0 6.0 gr-oup | 5% - NA--- -1-|- - - --- - 160 | 0.0-- 8 (9AN 4 41 - 90 . Table 9-1-4-12 Height of Seedling of Sample 7# (cmii --Shw.Pe at-o Kidney- bean- - ha- -M ie--So -bean- W-Whie-Wai- Control 26.0 21.0 20.0 32.0 12.0 .5%9 NA- - 3 0- - 140- 3 0.0 80%-- NA --164-- - 1 . 9-23 Table 9-1-4-13 Dry Weight of Sample 7# above the Ground ( I 0-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 1 04g Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 127 160 64 138 120 group 5% NA 150 75 130 110 20% NA 150 84 70 60 80% NA 100 81L 61 50 Table 9-1-4-14 Dry Weight of Root of Sample 7# (10-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 104g Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 49 100 31 81 90 5% NA 90 33 70 100 20% NA 8 41 40 60 80% NA 50 42 37 60 Table 9-1-4-15 Length of Root of Sample 9# (cm) Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 10.0 7.0 15.0 16.0 6.0 group 5% 17.0 8.0 15.0 7.0 12.0 20% NA 8.0 15.0 6.0 8.0 80% NA 7.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 Table 9-1-4-16 Height of Seedling of Sample 9# (cm ) Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 26.0 21.0 20.0 32.0 12.0 5% 40.0 14.0 26.0 8.0 10.0 20% NA 15.0 28.0 10.0 9.0 80% NA 18.0 1 11.0 7.0 10.0 Table 9-1-4-17 Dry Weight of Sample 9# above the Grounld (10-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 10 4g Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radishl Control 127 160 64 138 120 group 5% 151 60 90 78 110 20% NA 70 97 80 90 80% NA 90 70 75 100 9-2 Table 9-1-4-18 Dry Weight of Root of Sample 9# (10-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 104g Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya beani White radisl Control 49 100 31 81 90 group 5% 61 40 53 51 120 20% NA 40 54 46 110 80% NA 40 21 50 120 Table 9-1-4-19 Length of Root of Sample lO# (cm) Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 10.0 7.0 15.0 16.0 6.0 group 5% 12.5 6.0 10.5 17.0 5.0 20% 9.0 6.5 8.0 12.0 7.0 80% 4.5 6.0 7.0 9.0 6.0 Table 9-1-4-20 Height of Seedling of Sample lO# (cmn) Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 26.0 21.0 20.0 32.0 12.0 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5% 26.0 18.0 20.0 32.0 7.0 20% 32.0 14.0 13.0 26.0 11.0 80% 18.0 14.0 11.0 18.0 7.0 Table 9-1-4-21 Dry Weight of Root of Sample 10# (10-3g): Wheat and White Radish are 10-4g Sludge ratio Kidney bean Wheat Maize Soya bean White radish Control 127 160 64 138 120 5% 99 130 57 140 80 20% 107 110 41 110 130 80% 83 100 29 93 70 20(0 Zlli . f;0 Iii 04W,2 1 _ w.ofi ° 150I - I:tj- 0IIniW2o% 020 10 0 2 'J13 8-0%~Z~ ~ 'VA H fT80% 3 XColltro q J ! - i20% 0 Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-1-4-9 Length of Root of No.10 Sample 30 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~5 Kidney Wheat Maize Soya White Bean Bean Radish Figure9-1-4-10 Height of Seedling of No. 10 Sample Table 9-1-4-22 Dry Weight of Root of Sample 10#H (l 1 0~g): Wheat and White Radish are 1 04g | Sudgrato Kineybea -Wheat- |-Maize-- -Soya-bean- - \Thi4e-radish-| Control 49 1 100 31 1 81 1 90 l 50/p -62--- -80--- -2----80-- - 80- 20%--- - 6-1-- - -50----- 90 71 100 -80%./- -- - -I151)- -1 13--- -62-- -80-- l From the results of the experiment in Tables 9-1-4-3 to 9-1-4-22 and Figures 9-1-4-ito 9-1-4-12 it can be seen that in samples with sludge concentrations of 5% and 20% respectively' the length of the roots of the above five crops, the height of their seedlings, the dry weight of their section above the ground and the dry weight of their roots have no obvious difference from the blank samples, namnely, the sludge has no obvious impacts on the growth and development of crops. The 2# and 5# sediment sanples among the samples in this experiment were those which were seriously polluted. Compared with sediment 2 and 5g,the sludge for agricultural use in this project contains fewer heavy metals and is less 9-26 salinized, hence good quality. Besides, sludge to be applied accounts for less than 5% of agricultural soils. Hence, sludge for agricultural use in this project won't cause impacts on the growth and development of crops and ecology of farmlands. 9.1.4.2 Impacts of centralized storage of sludge From the above analysis we can know that the sludge for direct storage will mainly be the sediment atl # and 11#, as well as the hard sludge at 2#, 5', 6', 8, 9A, 12' and 13'. Before dewatered, the sludge will total 388,725m3 while after dewatered, the sludge volume will be reduced 285,750m3. Based on the materials provided by the project proponent, the above sludge will be piled up near Lubeikou in Xiqing District (2# sludge landfill) and on the reed land at Dengcenzi in the Jinnan District (6# sludge landfill) . The above two landfills can accept all the sludge to be piled up of this proj'ect and their lands are now all discarded wasteland, thus avoiding the impacts on farmlands due to the occupation of them. Since sludge for storage will be directly stored on the surface of the earth, it will be relatively thick and the concentrations of some pollutants in it will be higher than Class C standards in GB15618-1996 Soil Environment Quality Standards. The sludge will be more salinized and therefore more subject to the leaching by rainwater, when its toxic and harmful substances will be leached by rainwater and will move with runoffs to enter the soils and river courses around the landfill. Hence, this assessment forecasts the impacts of the leached solution in the landfills on the surrounding environment. Leaching experiment: Leaching experiment has been conducted with the samples of surface sludge taken at the sediment monitoring points at 2#, 5 1, 7#, 9# and I 0# station locations based on the Standards for the Leached Toxicity and Leaching Methods of Dangerous Wastes of the People's Republic of China. Items forecasted include: COD, Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Zn and Ni. The contents of the heavy metals and COD in the leached solution of the sludge for storage and afforestation of this project were analogized and calculated based on the results of the above leaching experiment and the content of heavy metals in sludge and the results of the calculation were compared with the Class B standards of GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards and GB5084-92 Quality Standrads of Water for Irrigation of Farmlands. Results of the leaching experiment are shown in Table 9-1-4-23. Table 9-1-4-23 Results of the Leaching Experiment of Sludge (mg/l) Sample COD Hg As Cr Pb Cd Zn Ni 2# 317 0.00014 0.00314 0.007 0.032 0.147 5# 475 0.0022 0.00599 0.06-1- 0.051 0.283 7# 158 0.00137 0.0247 0.004 0.043 0.041 9# 142 0.00039 0.0137 I-0.004 0.015 0.039 10#1 738 0.00010. 0.0047 0.013 0.438 0.102 Note: "-" means undetected. Detection limit of lead is 0.02mg/l and that of cadmium is 0.005mg/I. The concentrations of the leached solution and pollutants of the sludge for storage and afforestation were analogized and calculated based on the results of the leaching experiment of the sludge at the above monitoring points (Table 9-1-4-24). From Table 9-1-4-24 it can be seen that the content of the heavy metals in the leached 9-2 solution of the sludge for storage of this project is much lower than the limits in the Class B standards of GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards and GB5084-92 Quality Standards of Water for Irrigation of Farmlands, indicating that the heavy metals in the leached solution in sludge landfills won't cause significant impacts on the quality of surrounding soils and the water quality of surrounding river courses. However, content of COD in the leached solution of the sediment at 1 and hard sludge at 9# and 12 exceeds GB5084-92 Quality Standards of Water for Irrigation of Farmlands. If preventative measures are not taken, it will cause impacts on the ecology of the surrounding farmlands. Therefore, the project proponent should take the following preventative measures before sludge storage: * Cofferdam should be provided around the landfill and stormwater interception and diversion ditches should be excavated all around. After storm is intercepted by the interception ditch and settles, it will enter the diversion ditch and then be discharged into the Dagu Canal, thus its impacts on the quality of surrounding soil environment can be minimized. * Dredging of river course and afforestation of the banks should be carried out in stages at the same time. In the year when dredging is completed, afforestation of the banks should also be carried out to reduce the washing and leaching of rainwater of the sludge in green belt. In addition, effusion interception ditch should be excavated at the outer side of the green belt, through which leaching rainwater will be discharged into the Dagu Canal. * In the year when sludge has been piled up, landfills should be afforested by planting trees and flowers and plants, which can both increase the area of greenery patches and reduce the pollutants in sludge and reduce the washing and leaching of rainwater of the exposed surface on the landfills, hence reduction in the impacts on the quality of surrounding soil environment. After the above measures have been taken, storm water in the rainy season which is in contact with the sludge in the sludge storage and green belts with sludge application won't enter the surrounding agricultural land and won't cause significant impacts on ecological environment in the surrounding area. Since the flow of the Dagu Canal during the rainy season is high, impacts of leaching storm water on water quality of the canal will be diluted. With regard to the afforestation and green belts with sludge application, the earth's surface will be covered by vegetation, which alleviate the impacts of sludge over time. 9-2 Table 9-1-4-24 Concentration of the Pollutants in the Leached Solution of Sludge for Storage and Afforestation Type of Way of Concentration of leached solution (mg/i) sludge treatment COD Hg As Cr Pb Cd Zn Ni 2" bed Storage 81 0.00003 0.0010 0.001 - 0.002 0.032 5 bed Storage 51 0.0001 0.0036 0.007 - 0.045 0.036 6" bed Storage 67 0.00004 0.0028 0.009 0.074 0.043 8" bed Storage 550 0.0015 0.0051 0.048 0.028 0.253 9A bed Storage 59 0.0008 0.0052 0.049 0.015 0.248 12' bed Storage 300 0.00004 0.0020 0.004 0.018 0.078 13' bed Storage 284 0.00004 0.0014 0.003 0.144 0.072 4" bed Afforestation 234 0.00024 0.0060 0.014 0.148 0.056 7 surface Afforestation 158 0.00137 0.0247 0.004 0.043 0.041 11 surface Afforestation 269 0.00017 0.0067 0.003 0.011 0.069 12" surface Afforestation 397 0.00009 0.0016 0.003 0.045 0.077 13' surface Afforestation 400 0.00004 0.0019 0.004 -- -- 0.035 0.220 GB8978-1996 Class B 150 0.05 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.1 5.0 1.0 GB5084-92 300 0.001 0.1 -- 0.1 0.005 2.0 -- Note: COD is analogized based on the content of organic carbon (TOC) in sludge. 9-2 9.1.5 Impacts of sludge landfills 9.1.5.1 Analysis of the feasibility of landfill sites Based on the results of the comparison and selection in the above alternatives, there are totally three sites for the sludge landfills of this project. They are located at 1G m to the east of the Jinda Steel Pipe Co. at Lubeikou, the discarded Dahanzhuang Brickyard in Jugezhuang Village and the Dengcenzi reed pond. From the angle of environment protection, they have the following advantages: ( I ) At present, the sites are discarded pits and wastelands, which can avoid occupation of fanrilands, thus saving valuable resources of cultivated land. (2) There are no environmental sensitive points such as residential quarters and villages within I km around the above sites and such surface water bodies as natural river courses and reservoirs are also unavailable within 150m around the sites. Therefore, their protective distance complies with the requirements on safety protective distance of GB16889-1997 Standards for the Control of Pollution Caused by the Filling of Domestic Trashes. (3 ) The sites are located in the middle of river courses that will be filled with sludge, which is convenient for transportation of sludge for filling and can reduce quantity of transportation of sludge, thus reducing the pollution by the flying dusts on roads due to transportation of sludge. Therefore, the above sites are reasonable and feasible from the angle of environmental protection. 9.1.5.2 Leachate volume and treatment (1) leachate volume Leachate means the turbid liquid that leached from a sludge landfill, including the intrinsic moisture of sludge squeezed out after the sludge is compacted or pressed from weighted above it. However, since the sludge of this project will have been dewatered and dried in sludge dewatering yard (After dewatering, moisture content in sludge will be reduced from 95% to 75%.) before entering the landfills, its moisture will basically be absorbed and fixed by the limestone which is to be landfilled together with the sludge. Hence, the amount of leachate from this source will be limited. The leachate in the sludge landfills will mainly come from the contact with storm water. Therefore, flow of leachate can be calculated based on the following formula: Q=C.I.A. I G-3 Where: Q- mean flow of leachate, m3/d; I mean rainfall intensity, mm!d; A rainfall interception area (area of landfill), mi2 C-percolation coefficient. The parameters are decided based on the relevant data of the available trash landfills in the country, meteorological conditions of'Tianjin, as well as the site conditions of the landfills. 9-30 Rainfall intensity I: Based on the meteorological data of Tianjin, the city's mean rain fall over the years is 600 mm. Its rainfall mainly occurs from June to September, during whicl the rainfall accounts for 70% of the total annual rainfall. Over the years, its peak rainfall has been in July. Its monthly mean rainfall is 190mm. Based on the above data, rainfall intensity has been calculated respectively: Calculation based on average rainfall: 1=1.64mm/d; Calculation based on the rainfall during the four months during the rainy season: 1=3.93nmm/d; Calculation based on monthly peak rainfall: I=6.13mm/d. Percolation coefficient C: It means the ratio of waterlogging from rainfall in a landfill. It will change based on the nature of covering soils, slope of covering soils, time of rainfall and moisture content. Usually, it can be calculated based on the following formula: C=10-2 (0.002.12+0.161+21) Rainfall interception area A: Based on engineering design, the mean filling height of al landfills is 8m. The rainfall interception area of the various landfills should be calculated based on the amount of sludge filled in them (Table 9-1-5-1). Table 9-1-5-1 Sludge Volume and Rainfall Interception Area No. of landfill Source of sludge Volume (i 3) Rainfall interception ___________________ ~~~~~area ( mn2) 2 76570 3 6565 1# 4 33176 22136 5 53393 6 7380 8 25840 2# 9 17010 22544 9A ~~~12600 8A 124898 6# 8A 124898 41775 _________________10 209300 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Note: The volume of sludge in the Table is the volume when sludge is dewatered to 80%/(,. For the results of calculation of percolation coefficient and flow of waterlogging when rainfall has different intensities (Table 9-1-5-2). Table 9-1-5-2 C and Q Values when Rainfall has Different Intensities I value C O value (m3/d) CondI .to N (mmn/d) value I# | 2# | 6#1 A 1.64 0.2101 7.7 7.8 14.4 Annual mean rainfall 9-31 * 393 0.2103 1 18.3 1 18.7 | 34.6 |Mean rainfall during the rainy seasoni C 6.13 0.2104 28.6 29.1 53.9 Monthly peak rainfall (2) Leachate quality In this assessment, the water quality conditions of the leachate in the sludge landfills of this project are forecasted based on the above-mentioned leaching experiment and the analogy of the measurement results of the simulation leaching experiment of the pollutants in the leachate of urban domestic trash. Their results are shown in Table 9-1-5-3. Table 9-1-5-3 Analysis of the Ingredients of the Leachate in Sludge Landfill (mg/I, except pH) Leaching expe iment Data in documents Risn Expected Standard Item Range Mean Dip Rnig value value value method method pH 7.6 7.6 7.6 6-9 SS 2460 80 1270 150 BODI 43920 246 246 30 CODP 317-994 551 10526.5 442.08 551 150 NH-NF 94.79 2.32 48 6 25 NO,-N 8.61 0.25 4.43 25 NO --N 0.183 0.033 0.108 1.0 TP 29.614 2.605 16.11 0.12 H 0.0001-0.0045 0.002 0.0008 <0.0001 0.002 0.05 Cd Undetected <0.005 0.168 0.0048 <0.005 0 1 Cr 0.007-0.04 0.014 0 014 1 5 As 0.002-0.006 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.004 0.5 Zn 0.02-0.44 0.186 1.08 0.186 5 0 Pb Undetected <0.02 0.1842 0.0174 <0.02 1.0 Ni 0.10-2.10 0.498 0.498 1.0 Total number of 3.3X109 5.1X108 1.9< -- bacteria (CFU/ml) Coliforn group I . I x 106 2.4 x 105 6.7x 105 10000 (MPN/1) Note: @ "-" means not detected; 03 The standards values in the Table are adopted from Class B standards in GB8978-1996 Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standards. Items which are not stipulated in the standards should follow the type V standards in GHZB I - 1999 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards. From the results in Table 6.4-30 it can be seen that the content of heavy metals in the leachate in sludge landfill is relatively low, much lower than the limits in the Class B standards of GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards, which will have little impacts on the surrounding environment. However, concentrations of BOD, COD, TP and coliform group are high, much exceeding the limits in the Class B standards of Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standards and the limits in the type V standards of 9-32 GHZB1-1999 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards, which will cause impacts on the quality of the surrounding surface water environment an,d the ecological system of farmiands. Thus the leachate cannot be discharged before being brought under control and reaching standards. (3) Leachiate treatment A. Scale of wastewater treatment plant The scale of the leachate treatment plant for a sludge landfill is decided by the amount of the leachate generated. Our estimate shows that the rainfall of Tianjin during the four seasons varies and the annual amount of rainwater which is vaporized exceeds annual rainfall. If we decide the scale of a wastewater treatment plant by the flow of leachate of sludge in the month when rainfall reaches its peak, its scale may be too big, which not only will involve high costs but also may result in the interruption of operation of wastewater treatment plant when there is no rainfall, hence a poor project. If we decide the scale of wastewater treatment plant based on the amount of leachate generated under mean rainfall intensity, though the interruption of operation can be solved, the plant may not be able to accept all leachate during the rainy season, hence leachate during the rainy season cannot be discharged in time. Hence, the above two factors should be considered together when the scale of the leachate wastewater treatment plant is designed to reduce its scale and increase its wastewater storage and regulation capabilities as much as possible. The following plan is recommended in this assessment for reference by the designer (Table 9-1-5-4). Table 9-1-5-4 Scale of Wastewater Treatment Plant No. of landfill 1# 2# 6# Scale Treatment capability 15 (t/d) Wastewater conditioning tarnk (m 3 ) 1_ _ _ 1_ _ _ 2 _00 B. Treatment technology The ratio of BOD and COD in leachate is usually over 0.3, hence good serialization. Therefore, treatment technology can adopt biological treatment. In this assessmeint, the treatment technologies which are commonly used by the domestic and foreign trasl landfills are introduced as follows: (© SBR technology SBR technology is a new wastewater treatment technology, which can be employed for treating any waste water that requires biological degradation. Its process flow is showni in Figure 6.2-1. From the process flow it can be seen that SBR technology has the following features: Few treatment structures and great simplification of treatment process; sludge expansion is less possible; ideal for small scale treatment; strong adaptability to the changes in water quality 9-33 and quantity and simplification in treatment structures helps save land; good treatment effects, strong load shock resistance and effective denitrification and removal of phosphorus. Conditioning tank Blower fan roonm Chloritiation roomii Bar scr Inlet pump Sedimentation tank and S room Measuring channel BR reaction tank O j H V FS ~~~~~room Refuse spray and press Sediment atrg l[ waIS [~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i anlsa |Sediment diverter I | - | t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Spray back Retum to filling pit | i back Dehydratorro Figure9-1-5-1 Process Flow of Typical SBR Technology Based on the requirements on outlet water, requirements on the removal of the key pollutants in sludge landfills by wastewater treatment system are shown in Table 9-1-5-5 Table 9-1-5-5 Requirements on the Treatment of SBR Teclnology Pollutant Concentration before Concentration Removal rate (%Yo) treatment after treatment SS(mg/1) 1270 150 88.2 CODCr(mg/l) 551 150 73 BOD (mg/1) 246 30 88 Coliform group 670000 10000 98.5 (M PN /1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ From the requirements on the removal of pollutants in Table 6.4-32 it can be seen that the removal rate required is as follows: COD: over 73%; BOD: over 88%; SS: over 88% and coliform group: over 98.5%. Reports show that SBR technology can basically reach the above removal rate. Hence, it is believed in this assessment that it is feasible to treat the leachate of the landfills by SBR technology. © Aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment technology Based on the design experience of Guangzhou Research InstitLte of Envir-onmental Sanitary, aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment technology can be adopted when the conditions of inlet water quality are: BOD <5000mg/I and COD<8000mg/l. Their- process flow chart is shown in Figure 6.2-2. The wastewater treatment technology is characterized by. satisfactory combination of 9-34 processes and good quality of outlet water, can meet the requirements of Class B standards in national wastewater comprehensive discharge standards and has been in successful operation, thus it can be used as one of the wastewater treatment plans for the landfills of this project. CH4 Aeration Coagulator Leachate7 [Co10~7~~L Anaerobic idation Sedimentation | d | Dischatuc Leachtank | ankond ta Sludge concentration | tank | Landfill Figure9- 1-5-2 Anaerobic and Aerobic Biological Treatment Process Flow ® Assessment of UASB technology According to a report by the Zhongnan Survey and Design Research Institute of tlhe Ministry of Electric Power Industry, the institute once designed and built a domestic trash sanitary landfill leachate treatment system which adopted the following teclnical process: |Leachate | Conditionilng UASB | |Aerobic |(ultwtl Figure 9-1-5-3 UASB Technical Process The treatment system is a natural treatment process and is characterized by high UASB pollution loads, uniformned distribution of water loads, high removal rate of COD and BOD5. Therefore, UASB is widely used for the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Having such advantages as strong buffering capability, high removal rate of organic pollutants, cheap operation costs and convenient management and operation, this technology is an advanced technology for treating the leachate of solid waste landfill site and can be used as a landfill wastewater treatment plan for this project. () Aerobic and anaerobic (oxidation ditch) treatment technology After repeated selection, Beijing Asuwei Trash Landfill finally selected aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment technology to treat the leachate of landfill, with the following key processes: 9-35 Leachate Inlet pump Conditioning Anaerobic Oxidation roomn tank reaction tank dtch Supematant Sludge dtgestton Sedimnentationi tank tank Sludge returns to Discharge of oLutICt landfill water Figure 9-1-5-4 Wastewater Treatment Process Flow of Beijing Asuwei Trash Landfill Our inspection at the site shows that the above technical processes can meet the requirements on the treatment of trash leachate under normal operation conditions and the requirements in Class B standards of national wastewater comprehensive discharge standards. It can be selected as one of the wastewater treatment plans for the landfills of this project. (5) Selection of leachate treatment technology * Today, leachate treatment technology for landfills has enjoyed a rapid development both at home and abroad and has a variety of technical processes. Based on the above comparison, this EA recommends SBR as the priority plan for treating the leachate of the landfills in this project. However, all treatment technologies which are adopted must meet the requirements in Class B standards of GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards. . Besides organic substances with high concentration in the leachate of sludge (BOD and COD), there are also NH3-N, TP,, bacteria and coliform group whose concentrations are high in the leachate of sludge. While selecting a technology, consideration must be given to highly effective denitrification and phosphorus removal and bacteria killing technologies. . While designing the scale of a leachate wastewater treatment plant, arrangement of leachate storage and regulation tanks should take into consideration both non-rainy and rainy seasons to ensure satisfaction of the needs for the leachate treatment under annual mean rainfall and the storage and regulation functions of leachate during the rainy season and monthly peak rainfall. 9.1.5.3 Hydrologic and geographical conditions of the sites Our investigations and research based on materials show that the above three sites have basically the same hydrologic and geographical conditions. They are all located on the subduction zones of the Huabei Plain, where the tectonics belong to Neocathysian, terrain is smooth and topographic feature is monotonous, belonging to marine accumulation alluvial plain subzone. Exposed layers in the zone are dominated by Quaternary system and Tertiary system, forming loose and semi-diagenetic cover layers, under which are sucIh layers as Permian system, Carboniferous system, Ordovician system and Cambrain system, 9-36 from new ones and old ones. Soils are formed by marine accumulators and alluviums and fall into two types, namely, moisture soil and wet soil. Groundwater in the area is shallow and falls into the following water-bearing groups fiom top to bottom: Submersible aquifer: Burying depth is over 8m. This group mainly receives atmospheric rainfall, wlhich will mainly be discharged through vaporization. Its water is salt water, which has no value for extraction and use. No. I confined aquifer: Burying depth ranges from 10 to 60m. Its water is salt water, whose mineralization is 2-4g/1 and 4-lOg/l, and which has no value for extraction and use. No.2 confined aquifer: Burying depth ranges from 62 to 178m. Its water is fresh water and has been widely extracted and used in industry and agriculture and by people. In this aquifer, there is a sTable water-resisting layer at around 130m, which divides this aquifer into two sections. No.3 confined aquifer: Burying depth ranges from 178 to 262m. Its water is fresh water, which can be extracted for use. No.4 confined aquifer: Burying depth ranges from 270 to 404m. Its water is fiesh water. No.5 confined aquifer: Burying depth ranges from 404 to 560m. Its water is fresh watel-, Confined aquifers below are all called V below. 9.1.5.4 Leachate control and impacts of leachate on groundwater. q=k.i.A Where: K vertical osmotic coefficient (m/a); i- waterpower slope (1 here); A area of filing pit, m2 Based on engineering design, I #, 2# and 6# landfills have the same design, refer to Figures 9-1-5-5 to 9-1-5-7. Based on engineering design, the sludge landfills in this project will use double liners for seepage control, namely, excavation of the landfills by 1.5 m until the yellow clay layer is encountered, which will then be rammed. Quality bentonite slabs are then laid on the yellow clay foundation and around the landfills to serve as the first impervious barnier. Sand drainage layer will be laid on the bentonite layer, inside which percolation pipes will be laid to discharge percolated water. Then, artificial seepage prevention film (HDPE, high density polyester) will be laid on and around the sand discharge layer. On the artificial seepage prevention film will be laid a sand drainage layer, inside which percolation pipes will be provided to discharge percolated water. Double liners from bottom to the top: 300mm bentonite liner; 450mm sand discharge layer, inside which are percolation pipes and artificial seepage prevention film; 450 mm sand discharge layer, inside whlich are percolation pipes. They total 1,200 mm. After liners are ready, sludge can be piled up. Normally, landfills should be covered with 9-37 soils daily or irregularly. Since the filling will be completed within a short time, it is O.K. not to cover the landfills with soils. Leachate collection system and air collection system should be available. After sludge is piled up for 8m, it will be capped. Sequence from bottom to top is: a 300mm bentonite liner; a 300mm sand discharge layer; filtering fiber; a 600mm soil cover. Totally, they reach 1,200mm and their structure is shown in the drawings. After sludge is capped, inedible plants will be planted. According to the investigations based on relevant materials, the osmotic coefficient of yellow clay G 10-7cm/s and bentonite can expand by more than 10 times when encountering water and its osmotic coefficient can be less than 109cm/s. The osmotic coefficient of artificial seepage control film is even lower and can reach below 10 '2Cm/s. Based on the above parameters, the influent flows through artificial seepage control film in the above three landfills under normal operation conditions are: q=l 0-'2X60X60X24X365X 1 X22136/100=0.007m3/a q2=10-12 X 60X 60X24X 365 X 1 X 22544/100=0.007m3/a q6=10-'2 X 60X 60X 24X 365 X 1 X 41775/100=0.013m3/a 9-38 From the above calculation it can be seen that when the artificial seepage control filll is safe and effective, most leachate will be collected by the collection and discharge system at the bottom of filling pits and there is almost no leachate which can penetrate the artificial seepage control film, thus it won't cause impacts on shallow groundwater. In case the artificial seepage control film breaks by accident, the bentonite layer below will serve as the seepage prevention layer and osmotic amount is: ql=109X 60X 60 X 24X 365 X I X22136/100=6.98m3/a q2=109 X60X60X24X365XX22544/100=7.1 m3/a q6=10-9 X60X60X24X365 X I X41775/100=13.17m3/a Results of calculation show that in this case, most leachate can still be collected by tlhe collection and discharge system at the bottom of filling pits and only a very small amount can penetr-ate the liner at the bottom of filling pit and enter the shallow groundwater system. To sum up, when the sludge landfills of this project run normally, very limited (or none) leachate is expected penetrate the control liner and enter the shallow groundwater system. Even when the artificial seepage prevention liner breaks, there is still very little leachate which is expected to penetrate the bentonite liner and enter the shallow groundwater system. Basically, it won't cause significant impacts on shallow groundwater system. Considering that the shallow groundwvater in landfills is saline, it has no value in industrial and agricultural usage or as domestic water and drinking water sources. Therefore, it can be believed that the landfills won't cause impacts on the quality of surrounding groundwater system and that the seepage control measures for the landfills are feasible. 9.2 Sludge from wastewater treatment plant and discharge pumping station During operation, sludge of wastewater treatment plant and discharge pumping station includes the bar screen residues between the coarse and fine bar screens of wastewater treatment plant, sediment in detritus pit and sludge generated during dewatering. Compared with sludge, sediment and bar screen residues are coarser and their spe4cific gravity is higher and moisture content is lower. They are mainly dominated by inorganic substances and similar to urban domestic trashes. Therefore, it is advisable to send them to sanitary landfills. And sludge is the key solid waste of this wastewater treatment project. In this section, we'll make an analysis of the ingredients of the sludge generated during wastewater treatment, as well as the disposal measures to be adopted and theil- impacts on the environment. 9.2.1 Sludge generation and composition 9.2.1.1 Sludge volume Sludge during operation mainly includes bar screen residues generated by pumpillg station during the operation of the pipe network, sludge from pipes and the bar screen residues, and biochemical and physical sludge generated during the operation of the Slhuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. Their amount and way of disposal are shown in Table 9- 1. Table 9-2-1-1 Sludge Volume and Methods of Disposal 9-42 Pipe network Shuanglin Yingcheng Sludge Type construction Wastewater Wastewater Way of disposal project Treatment Treatment ________ Plant Plant Amount 900 m3/a 6489t/a Special boxes and Bar screen generate _ vehicles will be used to residue Moisture 55 55 send sludge as common content % domestic trash to places Amount 5475t/a designated by Sediment generate environmental sanitary Moisture department (trash content % 60 landfill). Amount 550Om3/a Special boxes will be generate used to send sludge to Sludge nearby wastewater - treatmnent plant for from pipes Moisture tetel ln o1 content % 60 dewatering. where it will be treated together with the sludge in the plant Amount 14600t/a In the beginning, it will generate be used for improving Digested the soils in the green sludge Moisture belts of the Binhat content % 20 Avenue. Later, it will be sent to municipal sludge landfill after 2010. Grand total Amount 6400m3/a 26564t/a 16000tla ____ ____ ___ e n e ra te __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.2.2.2 Analysis of sludge composition During the treatment process, a wastewater treatment plant will generate sludge, which has small particles, low density and often in a flocculent state. It has a strong water-lholding capability and its moisture content is high. It is hard to settle, condense or dewater. Many toxic substances can be present in the sludge, such as bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms, eggs of parasites and heavy metals, etc. It has a poor stability and will decompose easily to generate nuisance odor. Sludge can contain nutriments and trace elements necessary for plant growth, such as N, P, K, organic substances, etc. Organic substances in the sludge can be good soil conditioners which can improve the structural performance of soils and water-holding power. a. Heavy metal Table 9-2-1-2 shows the contents of heavy metals in sludge. Table 9-2-1-2 Contents of the heavy metals in sludge (Unit: mg/kg) | I H, I Cd I Cr _ | 7 Pb | Zn | As Cu l 1 l 7.7 l 16.34 { 644 l 259.6 1083 209 289.3 9-43 21 0.044 15.2 452 246 1620 6.05 1102 Y11 7.1 7.1 19.6 107 1061 - 45 4# 17-61 2-54 250-477 136-260 605- 1225 3- 11 350- 508 Standard" 15 20 1000 1000 1000 75 500 I J Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant 2" TEDA Wastewater Treatment Plant 31 Hebei Baoding Wastewater Treatment Plant 411 Beijing Gaobe,dian Wastewater Treatment Plant Standard" GB4284-84 Standards for the Control of the Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge ( PH>6 5) From the above Table it can be seen that if GB4284-84 Standards for the Control of the Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge (pH>6.5) is used to measure the sludge generated from the available domestic wastewater treatment plants, then the Zn content in the sludge of all wastewater treatment plants exceed standards. Hg and Cd in the sludge of Beijing Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant all exceed standards. Cu in TEDA Wastewater Treatment Plant exceeds standards and the contents of all other heavy metals all reach the standards. Based on the comparison between the contents of some heavy metals in the sludge of the Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant and the water quality of its inlet water (Table 9-2-1-3), though the heavy metals in inlet water are much better than (GB8978-1996) Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards, some heavy metal elements in the sludge (such as Zn, etc.)exceed standards since their degree of concentration in the sludge vary. Table 9-2-1-3 Influent Quality and Sludge Heavy Metals of Wastewater Treatment Plant Jizhuangzi Hangu Wastewater GB15618-1995 Wastewater Treatment H Wser ater Plant Reservoir GB8978 (pH>6.5) GB4284-84 P'ollutant Concen- Concen- Content -1996 (pH l6 5) Tration of sl inl tration of nsludge (mg/I) Class B Class C (mg/kg) Inlet water (gk)inlet water(m/g (mg/l) (mg/kg) (mgJI) (mg/kg) Cu 0.07 289.3 _ - 2.0 100 400 500 Zn 0.25 1083 - 99 5.0 300 500 1000 Hg 0.0015 7.7 0.0019 1.61 0.05 1.0 1.5 15 Pb 0.066 259.6 - - 1.0 350 500 1000 Cr 0.138 644 <0.004 - 1.5 250 300 1000 Cd 0.0043 16.34 - - 0.1 0.60 1 .0 20 As 0.0043 20.9 0.053 - 0.5 25 40 75 The Cu in the sludge of the Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant exceeds the (Class B) standards of (GB8978-1996) Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards and its Zn, Hg, Cr and Cd and the Hg in the sediment of the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir exceed the Class C standards in the above standards, namely, exceeding the critical value of the soils for ensuring agricultural and forestry production and normal growth of plants. Though except the Zn in the sludge of the Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant all other heavy metals 9-44 all meet the requirements of the Standards for the Control of the Pollutants in Agriculturlal Sludge, it does not mean that only the Zn in the sludge generated after the completion of tlhe Hangu Wastewater Treatment Plant will exceed standards. To this project, chemical wastewater accounts for about 70% of the wastewater accepted by the Hangu Wastewater Treatment Plant and the chemical area within the range of the water collection is still inviting investment and some industrial lands still lay idle. Though Hangu environmental protection department has monitored the wastewater inside the local wastewater reservoir in recent years and detected only Hg (heavy metal) and As (metalloid) in wastewater, enterprises producing chemical products will settle in this area after the area is completed, which will cause uncertainty in the quality of wastewater. Though environmental management department has demanded the various industrial enterprises to discharge wastewater which meets the requirements of (Class C) standards il GB8978-1996 Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standards and the max. allowable discharge concentration of type A pollutants, contents of some heavy metals in the sludge of wastewater treatment plant may also exceed the Standards for the Control of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge due to the complexity of chemical wastewater. b. Nutritious substances Contents of the nutritious substances in the sludge of Tianjin Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant are shown in Table 9-2-1-4. Table 9-2-1-4 Nutritious Substances in Wastewater Treatment Plant Siduge (%) Index N KOrganic Type of fertilizer N P K element TEDA Wastewater 3.59-3.78 1.58-1.84 0.28-0.33 42.8-44.62 Treatment Plant Jizhuangzi Wastewater 2.4-3.9 1.2-3.5 0.32-0.43 48-53 Treatment Plant 2.4_3.9 1.2_3.5 0.3_0.3_4_5 Dongjiao Wastewater 3.04-3.18 1.24-1.47 _ 51-53 Treatment Plant_ Tianjin Wastewater 2.4-3.9 1.2-3.5 0.28-0.43 42.8-53 Treatment Plant . ._._. Agricultural fertilizer 0.34-0.84 0.07-1.10 _ 20.0-31.8 Wastewater sludge/agricultural 2-10 1 -50 -2 fertilizer__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ From Table 9-2-1-4 it can be seen that organic substance in sludge accounts for more than 40% of dry solids, over 100% higher than common agricultural fertilizer. Its rich organic substances and plant nutrients make it become an ideal compound fertilizer and soil ameliorant. c. Sanitary parameters of sludge 9-45 Sludge contains many types of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, parasites, virus and other harmful substances. They can transit a variety of diseases through direct contact or food chain, such as enteritis, dysentery, exogenous febrile disease, etc. Table 9-2-1-5 Sanitary Parameters of Sludge (unit: 104 pieces/g(dry)) Total number of Egg of bacteria roundwornm Value actually measured in domestic wastewater treatment -2000 -5000 -200 plant Therefore, it can be seen that sludge contains large amount of bacteria. In a nutshell, though sludge contains rich nutrients, it must be used for limited purposes after being disposed since it contains heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, eggs of parasites, etc. 9.2.2 Sludge treatment/disposal 9.2.2.1 Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant and discharge pumping station ( I ) Plans for sludge disposal The solid wastes generated during the operation of this project mainly come from the bar screen residues, sediments and digested sludge of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant, bar screen residues of pipe network project and the sludge generated due to the regular dredging of pipes. The following plans are planned to be adopted based on the nature of solid wastes: I )Since the key ingredients in the bar screen residues and sediments are similar to common domestic solid wastes, they can be handled and transported by environmental sanitary department. Special revolving boxes and vehicles can be used to transport them to landfill designated by the department. 2) From the analysis in the above section we can know that the digested sludge generated ip the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant contains much heavy metals and is not ideal for farmlands. In this project, it will be finally filled in sanitary landfills. 3 ) Sludge from pipes will be transported with special revolving boxes and vehicles to nearby wastewater treatment plant for dewatering, where it will be disposed together with the available sludge of the plant. (2) Feasibility of digested sludge disposal plan In the feasibility study of this project, it is proposed that the sludge of wastewater treatment plants be sent to the landfill which is under construction at Guanerzhuang. Since the Guanerzhuang Landfill is yet to be constructed, the final disposal for the sludge in this project cannot be decided. It is possible that sludge may not have in dedicated disposal sites for disposal in the early days of the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant operation. Hence, the EA team proposed two methods for sludge disposal in the near future: transport sludge to the sludge landfill of the Dagu Canal project for landfill and use the 9-46 sludge in the Binhai Avenue protection forest project. In the Xianyang Road Wastewater Treatment Plant construction project, it has been proposed that a municipal landfill be constructed (to be assessed separately). Now the project is under preparation and is expected to be completed in 2010, when the sludge of this project will be sent for sanitary landfill. I ) Transportation of sludge The sludge landfill proposed for Dagu canal sediment is located at the borrow pit of the Dahanzhuang Brickyard at Jugezhuang. Since the yard is mainly intended for filling the sludge containing heavy metals dredged from the Dagu Canal, its design complies with the standards of secure sanitary landfill and won't have significant secondary pollution after accepting the sludge. Since the sludge in this project will be baked dry, only 40 tons of sludge will be generated each day (moisture content 20%), which can be accepted by the landfill. This project is less than 5 km from the landfill and the sludge generated each day can be transported four times at most. Besides, the transportation route won't involve the urban area and busy highways and won't cause impacts on urban traffic. The construction period for the Dagu Canal dredging project ranges from 2003 to 2006 and the project will be completed in 2005. This means that after the completion and operation of this wastewater treatment plant, sludge generated can be transported to the Dagu Canal dredging project sludge landfill for sanitary landfilling for at least one year. 2) Sludge use for the Haifang Road forestation Based on the garden afforestation plan in Tianjin Urban Overall Planning, Tianjin plans to build a 153 km coastal protection forest with a minimum width of 30 m in the coastal district. It has also been pointed out in the Assessment of the Impacts on the Natural Ecological Environment of the New Coastal District of Tianjin and Environmental Protection Planning that a 50 m coastal avenue protection forest will be built along the 96km seashore that runs through Hangu, Tanggu and Dagang Districts to the west of the Haidangpang Highway. It is expected to be basically completed in 2005 and totally completed in 2010. Since the lands in the coastal area are all salinized, they must be ameliorated and the sludge in this project can be used as one element. In this project, 40 tons of sludge will be generated daily, equaling to 30m3/d. The entire project will need about 60x 96000x 1=5760000m3 earth. It is feasible that in the early days the sludge in this project is used for ameliorating the soils of the protection forest project. Based on plan, the protection forest project will be totally completed in 2010. Hence the sludge of this project can be used in the protection forest project for 5 years after this project is completed. To sum up, implementation of the above two plans in the early days won't cause impacts on the environment. In contrast, sludge can be transported to the Dagu Canal dredging project landfill for only about one year, whereas it can be used for 5 years by the protection forest project. The municipal landfill can be expected to complete following that period. In addition, use of sludge for protection forest project promote resource reuse. Therefore, tllis assessment proposes to use the sludge in the Binhai Avenue protection forest project before 9-47 the municipal landfill. Is completed. (3) Impacts of sludge temporary storage shed In this project, sludge cake temporary storage shed (area) should be established in the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant, where sludge will be stored for one week. It is interided for solving such potential problems as failure of the timely treatment of sludge during the winter or transportation and disposal. The shed (area) should be set up within the plant and far from residential houses and seepage control must be taken on its ground. Water prevention ditch and windbreak half wall and other structures should be bui It around the shed (area) to reduce the impacts on the environment. (4) Impact of sludge transportation This project is less than 20 km away from the new coastal district. Since the moisture content of the sludge of this project is low, it is enough to transport it 4 to 6 times only each day by water tight trucks, to avoid leakage during transportation and reduce the impacts on the environment along the routes. Transportation of sludge should avoid the rush hours and should be carried out in the morning and at night when there are few people. A special transportation route should be selected to avoid densely populated areas and environmental sensitive areas to avoid impacts on urban traffic. (5) Reuse of sludge Since a baking process is available in the sludge disposal technology of this project, the moisture content of the sludge after being dries is only 20%, which will have a certain advantages during transportation, as well as provide ample conditions for the reuse of the sludge. The project proponent should organize people in an active manner to carry out research and development of the ways for the reuse of sludge, such as production of filling for making cement, production of bricks, construction material, etc. This can not only ensure the comprehensive use of sludge, but also change waste into a treasure and save the land for filling to reduce pollution and protect the environment, which more complies with the principle of sustainable development. 9.2.2.2Yingcheng Wastewater Treatment Plant The sludge generated in the plant will first be concentrated and dewatered ( moistur-e content 80%) and then be transported at any time to the Hangu Trash Landfill for sanitary filling. Based on CU[2000]No.124, sludge must be sTable for wastewater treatment facilities that adopt SBR technology. Therefore, this report recommends the outlets of disposal of sludge after being dried and construction of sanitary landfills to dispose the sludge of four proposed wastewater treatment plants. (1) Drying of sludge Sludge treatment process whose key is "sludge drying technology" will be adopted. After being dried, sludge will become a gray substance whose particles range from 3 to 5mun and which is more sTable than sludge which is not dried and can be stored for a long time. Tlle technical plan for the proposed wastewater treatment technology is as follows: 9-48 10 Fertilizer Dewatered Dried sludge sludge (moisture (moisture Trash cap S molsture ~content< content 80% ) content Engineering - backfi lIl Sanitary filling The sludge treatment process to be adopted is: Dewatered sludge and a certain amount of additive have a chemical reaction inside a closed churn, whose reaction formula is: CaO+H20 Cq(fIW)2+Q MgO+H20 Mg(PH)2+Q The additive is a dry power which can absorb large amount of moisture content in the sludge. The CaO, MgO and other substances in the filling will have a chemical reaction with the moisture content in the sludge to further reduce the moisture content in the sludge. After the product is aged, moisture content will drop to about 40%, which will drop to below 20% after being further dried by the air. Process flow block diagram of the sludge treatment process: 9-49 Additive Primary Secondary reaction house - reaction house Fn Premix (moisture (moisture Fincshed t content< content< produce 40%= 25'Y/o= Dewatered sludge Tail gas (moisture purifier content 75-80%) Gis TEDA Wastewater Treatment Plant plans to adopt the above treatment process to treat its remaining sludge. The drying technology is an indispensable important link during the final disposal and reuse of sludge. Results of an intermediate test by the plant with the technology show: moisture content of discharged sludge ranges from 20 to 35%, content of organic substances is less than 5% and content of bacteria drops sharply (Table 9-2-2-1). Table 9-2-2-1 Sanitary Indexes of Sludge (unit: 104t 4/g(dry)) Coliform group Total number of Egg of roundworm bacteria Value actually measured in domestic wastewater treatment -2000 -5000 -200 plant After being dried 2.3 1. 0 Removal rate '% 99.89 99.98 After being dried, sludge can further be used. It can be used as engineering backfill and cap for filled trashes in the near future. In the future when conditions are ready, it can be made into compound fertilizer, thus ensuring wastewater and sludge to be harmless, reduced in quantity and reused. (2) Construction of sludge landfills In this project, sludge will be concentrated and dewatered before being transported to the Hangu Trash Landfill for filling. The yard is located at the Hangu Construction Material Factory at the Tanghan Highway between the Tanggu District and Hangu District, being only 1.5km from this project, hence convenient traffic. The yard has been put into operation in September 2001 and its trash treatment capability is 700t/d. however, it can serve only 10 years. The Hangu Wastewater Treatment Plant will be put into production in September 2004 (near future) and 2010 (future). Therefore, the Hangu Trash Landfill can 9-50 only accept the sludge of the wastewater treatment plant in the near future. However, since dewatered sludge contains 80% of water, its volume is high (43.5t/d), which will use many transportation vehicles. Besides, the yard will be shut down in 2011. This assessment believes that it is not an ideal way of disposal to transport the dewatered sludge to be adopted in the design directly to a trash landfill for sanitary filling and even if sludge is used as a cap after being dried, it can only solve the outlet of sludge in the near future. Other ways must be found for the sludge of wastewater treatment plants in the future. Since the Nanpaihe Wastewater Treatment Plant, Tanggu Xinhe Wastewater Treatment Plant, Beitang Wastewater Treatment Plant and Hangu Wastewater Treatment Plant whichi are to be built in the new coastal district face the same problem, namely, outlet of their sludge, therefore, this assessment recommends the construction of a sanitary landfill for the sludge of the 4 plants. Based on the quantity of the sludge of the 4 plants in the future (260t/d, assume moisture content, 80%) , we recommend the daily treatment capability of the yard to be over 260t/d. Site selection, seepage control treatment, installation of marsh gas discharge device and construction of waterlogging wastewater treatment facilities of the yard should be based on the design stipulations of sanitary landfills to avoid secondary pollution. (3) Impacts of sludge treatmentldisposal Disposal of the sludge of wastewater treatment plants is one of the most important links il the entire wastewater treatment project and proper disposal can effectively avoid the possible secondary pollution of wastewater treatment project. Remaining sludge can be stored in sludge storage yard temporarily after being concentrated and dried, where they can be transported out of the plant for disposal or reuse at any time. The above sludge disposal links may cause a certain impacts on the environment. I ) Sludge dewatering Before being dewatered, sludge must be concentrated. There will usually be a stinky smell around the sludge dehydrator room due to anaerobic digestion, which is likely to breed mosquitoes and flies. When the concentrated sludge is dewatered, it will mainly cause the following environmental problems: stinky gas sent out by the sludge in dehydrator 1room11 and pollution due to the drop of sludge during the transfer of dewatered sludge. This project will adopt SBR wastewater treatment technology and its sludge is sTable and won't decay within a short time. Its dehydrator room uses sludge screw press concentrator and dehydrator and sludge cakes after being dewatered will be sent to the sludge storage yard through shaftless spiral conveyor. The concentrator and dehydrator can ensure a good operating environment and sanitary environment. Besides, a ventilation system is installed inside the dehydrator room to ensure exchange of air at any time. Therefore, wheni equipment runs normally, the stinky gas from the dehydrator room won't cause obvious impacts on the environment and drop of sludge during transfer can also be avoided basically. 2) Storage of sludge After encountering water, dewatered or dried sludge will become a thick liquid whose 9-51 flowability is good and which is likely to flow away. And after being waslhed by r ainwatert it is likely to generate leached water, whose pollutants may enter the water to pollute the earth's surface and groundwater. The place where dewatered sludge is piled up breeds mosquitoes and flies, which will cause impacts on the environment. The dewatered or dned sludge in this project will be cleaned and transported at any time When it caniot be transported in time due to bad weather, it should be stored in the sludge storage yard. According to the design, rain shed will be provided on the sludge storage yard to prevent sludge from flowing away in case of rain. We recommend that the foundation be higher than the surrounding ground and seepage control measures should be taken for the ground. Water prevention ditch and windbreak half wall and other structures should be built around it to avoid the impacts on the environment. 3 ) Sludge used as fertilizer a Agricultural Biochemical sludge contains rich N, P, K and organic substances and can be used as an additive to fertilizers or soil conditioner. However, it also could contain toxic and harmfult substances, such as heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, eggs of parasites, etc. Its use could contribute the accumulation of toxic and harmful substances (especially heavy metals) in plants and animals, which will endanger the health of people through the transfer of the food chain. Therefore, one must be prudent when sludge is to be used for agricultural purposes. It must be treated before being used, such as removal of the pathogenic bacteria and eggs of parasites in sludge through high temperature composting. Contents of heavy metals in the sludge of this project are analyzed and decided based on the monitoring data of the heavy metals in the sediment of the Hangu Wastewater Reservoir and the contents of the heavy metals in the sludge of the operating Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant. A comparison is also made between them and GB4284-84 Standards for the Control of Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge, refer to Table 9-2-2-2. Table 9-2-2-12 Content of Heavy Metals in Sludge and Standards mg/kg dry sludge item Cu Zn Pb Cd Hg As Cr classification Contentofheavy 1102 1620 246 15.2 7.7 6.05 452 rnetal*__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Allowable value S00 1000 1000 20 15 75 1000 in standards __ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * Hg is compared with that of the TEDA Wastewater Treatment Plant and others are compared with the Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant. From the above Table it can be seen that the content of Cu and Zn in the sludge has exceeded the allowable values in standards, indicating that the sludge in the wastewater treatment plants of this project is no longer suitable for agricultural purposes. Meanwhile, after this project is put into operation, the content of some heavy metals in the sludge may exceed standards for agricultural use due to the complexity and uncertainty of chemical wastewater. Hence this EA believes that the sludge in the Hangu (Yingcheng) Wastewater Treatment Plant cannot be used for agricultural fertilizer. 9-52 B Woodland tn view of heavy metal contents in the farmlands of Tianj in, the current conditions of heavy metal pollution of crops and vegetables and the accumulation effect of the heavy metals from repeated sludge application for agricultural purposes, one way for sludge disposal is to apply it in the greening areas and avoid the possibility of sludge entering the human body. Tianjin has large areas of wood lands, afforestation lands, reed lands and salinized lands on which fertilizers/soil conditioners can be applied. It is expected that composted sludge and its fine processing products will find a certain market. The maximum quantity of sludge for forestry use in this report adopts the limit of the Standards for the Control of Agricultural Sludge, namely, 2000 kg/mu-a. The number of years of the application of the sludge in this project is calculated by assuming that the content of the heavy metals in woodland is the same as the background value in soils, weight of surface soil is 150 t/mu and residual rate in soils is 100%. Results are shown in Table 9-2-2-3. From the results of the calculation in the Table it can be seen that when the sludge of this project is used on the greenery patches of gardens, its rate of application won't exceed 2000 kg/muwa. After it is being applied for 4 years continuously, cadmium in soils will exceed the Class C standards in the Soil Environment Quality Standards, namely, exceeding the critical value of soils for ensuring agricultural and forestry production and the normal growth of plants. After it has been applied for 20 years continuously, cadmium will exceed standards by over three times and Zn will also exceed standards. To prevent forest lands which have been applied from being polluted, the maximum number of years of application of the sludge of this project is 4 years. Table 9-2-2-3 Accumulated Effects of Application of Sludge on Wood Land Element Hg Cd Cr Pb As Zn Cu Content of heavy metal (mg/kg) 7.7 15.2 452 246 6.05 1620 1102 Quantity of annual application 15.4 30.4 904 492 12.1 3240 2204 (g/mu.a ) Annual entry quantity of converted 0.103 0.203 6.03 3.28 0.0807 21.6 14.7 surface soil (mg/kg) Background content of soils 0.0440 0.086 98.20 20.50 10.850 63.90 27.50 (mg/kg) . Several I year 0.045 0.289 104.23 23.78 10.931 85.5 42 2 After 3 years 0.046 0.695 116.29 30.34 11.092 128.7 71.6 Soil 5 years 0.047 1.101 128.35 36.9 11.254 171.90 101 Content 20 years 0.056 4.146 218.80 86.10 12.464 495.90 321.50 Class C standards of Soil 1,5 1.0 300 500 40 500 400 Environment Quality Standards (mg/kg) From the above analysis it can be seen that a small amount of the sludge of this project can be applied on the greenery patches in gardens and a letter of intent should be signed with the accepting unit of the forestry department (including quantity to be accepted and time and way of acceptance) . Sludge fertilizer applied on forest lands must be followed up and monitored. We must be careful when all the sludge is used as wood land fertilizer in the 9-53 near future. Hence, we must find a final outlet of disposal for it from a long-term point of view. From the above analysis it can be seen that the final disposal of the sludge will be woodland in the near future (3 to 5 years), but over the longer terms, other disposal measures should be considered. Based on the garden afforestation plan in Tianjin Urban Overall Planning, Tianjin plans to build a 153 km coastal protection forest with width of over 30 m in the coastal district. It has also been pointed out in the Assessment of the Impacts on the Natural Ecological Environment of the New Coastal District of Tianjin and Environmental Protection Planning that A 50m coastal avenue protection forest will be built along the 96km seashore that runs through Hangu, Tanggu and Dagang Districts to the west of the Haidangpang Highway. It is expected to be basically completed in 2005 and totally completed in 2010. Since the lands in the coastal area are all salinized, they must be ameliorated and the sludge in this project can be used as one element. In this project, about 25 tons of sludge will be generated daily, equaling to 20m3/d. The entire project will need about 5,760,000 m3 of earth. It is feasible that in the near future the sludge in this project is used for ameliorating the soils of the protection forest project. Based on plan, the protection forest project will be totally completed in 2010. Hence the sludge of this project can be used in the protection forest project in the near future after this project is completed, which complies with the principle of comprehensive use. 4) Covering soils Based on relevant information, the moisture content of dried sludge<30%, which can be used as covering soils in trash landfills. The Hangu solid waste landfill needs around 100 m3 of covering soils each day. When the sludge of this project is dried, we can get about 20 mi3. The dry sludge generated in the Hangu Wastewater Treatment Plant each day can be used as the covering soils. That sludge is used as covering soils in the near future not only helps solve the outlet of sludge, but also helps realize its reuse, as well as save the expenses of the yard for buying covering soils. When sludge is transported to landfill as covering soils, it will also bring traffic problems. This project is only 1.5 km away from the filing yard in the Hangu Town and transportation will only pass through the Tanghan Highway. Assume the moisture content of the sludge of this project is 40%, the quantity of dry sludge each day in the near future will be 25 t or so, which needs only 3 to 4 times of transportation each day by closed vehicles, which can avoid leakage during transportation and reduce the impacts on the environment along the project. Transportation of sludge should avoid the rush hours and should be carried out in the morning and at night when there are few people. A special transportation route should be selected to avoid densely populated areas and environmental sensitive areas to avoid impacts on urban traffic. It must be pointed out that since the heavy metals in the sludge may exceed the standards for agricultural sludge, it must not be used as surface covering soils to prevent it from flying into farmlands after air drying to cause impacts on the quality of the soils of farmlands. In addition, when the moisture content of sludge is>30%, it must be further dried onthe earth drying area in the yard before being used. 9-54 5) Other reuses Since a baking process is available in the sludge disposal technology of this project, the moisture content of the sludge after being dries is only less than 40%, which will have a certain advantages during transportation, as well as provide ample conditions for the reuse of the sludge. The project proponent should organize people in an active manner to carTy out research and development of the ways for the reuse of sludge, such as production of filling for making cement, production of bricks, construction material, etc. This can not only ensure the comprehensive use of sludge, but also change waste into a treasure and save the land for filling to reduce pollution and protect the environment, which more complies with the principle of sustainable development. 6) Sludge landfill Refer to section 9.2.2.1: Sludge Disposal for the Shuanglin Wastewater Treatment Plant. 9-55 10 Public Participation 10.1 Basis The basis for the public consultation during the EA is: * No.253 Decree of the State Council, 1998: Regulations on the Management of the Environmental Protection of Construction Projects; * Huanjian (1993) No. 324 of the National Environmental Protection Bureau and other three commissions and bureaus: Notice on Strengthening the Management of the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organizations; * World Bank environment assessment operational policy OP4.01; * Project establishment delegation memorandum of the WB financed Tianjin second urban development and environmental construction project (May 8 to 19, 2001); and * Advise from World Bank consultants. 10.2 Objectives of public participation The objectives of the public consultation/participation are: * Deepen the understanding of the public on the basic conditions of the proposed project and its potential impacts on the environment and collect the opinions, suggestions and demands of the public on the proposed project; * Facilitate communication of information among the public, development organization of the proposed project and other parties concerned so that the public will participate in the entire assessment of the impacts of the proposed project onl the environment; and * Public participation is resorted to to make up for the possible negligence and omissions of the assessment of the impacts on the environment so that the planling, design, environrmental monitor and management of the proposed project can be more perfect and rational to ensure that the construction and operation of the proposed project can be a combination of the best environmenital benefits, best social benefits and best economic benefits. 10.3 Methodology and public groups The main methods used for public consultation include questionnaires to the affected people and institutions, expert consultation, interviews with interest groups and public meetings of project affected individuals and groups. In the meantime, information on the construction of the project will be published on the leading news media of the city. Basically the public consultation and information disclosure were conducted in two stages: at the time when EA terms of reference (TOR) was prepared and when the EA draft report was produced. The comments and opinions from the consultation process 10-1 were included in the impact assessment and mitigation planning. Based on the requirements of the World Bank operation policies, organizations and people consulted in this public consultation program were those directly affected by the project activities. Representatives from those groups and affected people were involved in the consultation. In the light of the specific conditions of this project, special attention should be paid to the following organizations and people: * project development organization * residents along the drainage pipes and near pumping stations, especially those from the nearby sensitive receptors; * organizations and individuals involved in land acquisition, and resettlement and relocation (including river course authority, municipal authority, enterprises and residents close by or concerned); * representatives of the public, such as representatives from the People's Congress and Political Consultative Conference, neighborhood committees and village committees; * local agencies, such as non-governmental organizations, local social development organizations and trade union; * representatives of various sectors, enterprise organizations, associations, special societies, universities, research institutes and training agencies; and * scientists and experts of some fields (preferably including legal experts and sociologists) Key public participation activities are shown in Table 10-3-1. Table 10-3-1 Key Public Participation Activities Project Participants Time Location WB requirements Public Assessment October 2001 Project OP4.01 participation team and local to January construction questionnaire people 2000 area The first public Assessment Early Construction OP4.01 participation team and local December area activity residents 2001 Selection of the Assessment February 25, Construction OP4.01 site for the team, local 2002 location Shuanglin officials, Sewage designer and Treatment the owner Plant Selection of the Assessment February 25, Construction OP4.01 site for the team, local 2002 location Yingshui Road officials, Pumping designer and 10-2 Station the owner Selection of the Assessment January 2002 Proposed site OP4.01 site for the team, local for filling yard sludge filling officials, yard of the designer and Dagu the owner Blowdown River control project The second Assessment Early March Project OP4.01 public team and local 2002 construction participation residents to be area activity affected In this project, a total of 950 public opinion questionnaires were distributed and 925 valid copied returned, with a returning rate of 97.36%. Among those who filled in the questionnaires are people of different ages and professions, including representatives from the People's Congress and Political Consultative Conference, government officials, common citizens, university professors, workers, as well as residents and representatives at the environmental protection targets along the pipe network project, who basically reflect the opinions and suggestions of the various social strata and sectors (Table 10-3-2). Table 10-3-2 Statistics of Participating Public Pipe network Sewage treatment Dagu Blowdown construction and plant River contr-ol intermediate water Classification reuse project Number Ratio Number Ratio Number Ratio of of people of people people o . Quantity 400 200 350 c distributed (pcs) Quantity 383 96 192 96 350 100 3 recovered (pcs) 18 to 35 years old 95 25 63 32.8 92 26 > 35 to 60 years old 235 61 104 54.2 199 57 (D >60 years old 53 14 25 13.0 59 17 c m Ratio 104 27 45 ~ 23.4 239 68 10-3 Senior high 60 80 23 school, college 210 55 31.1 and polytechnic school University and 69 18 87 45.3 32 9 above Worker 58 15 6 3.1 Peasant 0 0 27 14.1 o Student 35 9 38 19.8 Clerk 72 19 55 28.6 0 Jobless 54 14 40 20.8 Other professions 164 43 26 13.5 10.4 First round of public participation 10.4.1 Program Time: Soon after the environmental assessment category had been finalized or when the EA TOR was drafted, in December 2001 Subject: mainly involves a brief introduction to the significance of the project construction and operation, project description and major potential impacts of the proposed project on the environment, including both positive and adverse impacts Publication of information: The basis for public participation is a wide distribution and disclosure of relevant project information. Distribution of information was well timed and can be easily understood by individuals and organizations to be affected. In this project, public participation will be conducted by means of publication in the media (newspaper and TV), pamphlet (mainly including an introduction to the basic conditions of the proposed project and potential impacts), questionnaire (basic data of those investigated, their attitudes towards the proposed project, etc., whose specific contents are attached) and others. Procedures: I ) The EA team called together coordinators and other authorities to hold a public participation coordination meeting to decide the duties and members of the work team, establish information communication system, work out the implementation plan for public participation and finalize funds needed. 2) The work team organized departments concerned to prepare relevant materials (including propaganda materials needed by the forum, questionnaire, blank records, etc.), which should be made into volumes after being reviewed and approved by departments and experts concerned and submitted to units concerned subject to needs. 10-4 3) The work team finalized time and place of the forum, arranged publication of (such as schedule, dividing participants into groups, supply of hotline, etc. ) 4) Held a series of forums based on the requirements of the proposed project, kept a minute and submitted results to departments and units concerned in time. 5) After departments and units concerned received the minute, they made a feedback to opinions, suggestions and demands of the public based on their duties and submitted it to the work team in time based on the information communication system. It will then be sorted out by the work team, which then made a feedback. (targets inclLide the public, development organization, EA team and relevant authorities. ) 6 ) The EA team sorted out the results of the first round of public participation and kept them on file for preparation of materials for the second round of public participation. 10.4.2 Results of the first round of public participation Drainage network subproject: Opinions of the public on the pipe network construction and water reuse project are summed up in Table 10-4-1. Table 10-4-1 Summary of Public Opinions for Drainage Component Number Question Answer of Ratio % people Less than 5 years 177 46.2 How long has your family or unit lived 5 to 10 years 86 22.5 here? 10 to 20 years 78 20.4 Over 20 years 42 11.0 Less than 50m 75 19.6 How long is your residential area from 50-100m 149 38.9 the pipes to be constructed? 100-200m 64 16.7 Over 200m 95 24.8 Satisfied 15 3.9 Basically satisfied 64 16.7 What is your opinions about the current Dissatisfied 23 1 60.3 discharge conditions of the area? Very poor 73 19.1 Does it take some time for the rainwater Rather timely, less 34 accumulated after a heavy rain in the than 2h 8.9 block where you live or work to be discharged completely? 2-12h 113 29.5 10-5 Number Question Answer of Ratio % people discharged completely? 12-24h 132 34.5 Over 24h 104 27.2 No big change and no 139 impacts. 36.3 In your opinion, how serious will be the flying dusts during the construction of Basically no impacts 157 41.0 the project? Obvious increase 75 19.6 Unclear 12 3.1 No big change and no 65 impacts. 17.0 In your opinion, how serious will be the noises in the regional environment Basically no impacts 243 63.4 during the construction of the project? Obvious increase 58 15.1 Unclear 17 4.4 No big change and no 126 In your opinion, how will the impacts. 32.9 construction of the project affect public Basically no impacts 181 47.3 travel and traffic during the construction of the project? Obvious increase 59 15.4 Unclear 17 4.4 Support actively 247 64.5 What is your attitude towards the Agree 97 25.3 construction of this project? Basically agree 38 9.9 Show no concern I 0.3 From the above analysis it can be seen that more than 99.5% of those investigated agree on the construction of the project, indicating that they understood the significance of the construction of this project and realized the importance of the completion and operation of this project on the improvement of the environment of the city and the living standards of the residents. Many opinions and suggestions were collected dul-ilng the process of public participation, which are summed up below: * Implementation of the project as soon as possible to solve the drainage problem in the proposed area at an early time. * Adequate analysis of the possible impacts of the construction and operation of the project on the environment, especially that effective preventative measures should be taken to the mechanical noises of construction machines and stinky gas during the operation of sewage pumping stations to avoid disturbance of people.; 10-6 * Full consideration should be given to the secondary development and use of water resources in the light of the implementation of this project so that its implementation can bring the best benefits. * Land acquisition, demolition and relocation and settlement of emigrants involved in this project should be handled satisfactorily and special attention should be paid to the arrangement of weak groups. * Scientific and rational construction plan should be worked out duL-inig the construction period to avoid impacts on the traffic of the construction site and life of residents. * Protection of trees and flowers and greenery patches should be strengthened during construction and transplantation should be given priority, rather than falling of trees. Afforestation compensation should be made after the project is completed and put into use to improve afforestation rate. Sewage treatment plant project Results of the questionnaires which have been filled in during public participation are shown in Table 10-4-2. Table 10-4-2 Results of Questionnaires for Wastewater Treatment Plant Component Results of the questionnaires which have been filled in a b c d Question Num Numb Num Num ber er of ber ber of ratio peopl ratio of ratio of r atio peop e peop peop le ele le I_ Howlon haveryou lived 113 58.9 9 4.7 9 4.7 61 31.8 How long is your home from 2 the sewage discharge water 75 39.1 35 18.2 26 13.5 56 29.2 body? How long is your home from the proposed sewage 3 . 70 36.5 10 5.2 15 7.8 97 50.5 treatment plant (drainage pipe) ? Do you know something 4 about the proposed sewage 34 17.7 111 57.8 47 24.5 - _ treatment plant? 5 Do you think it necessary to 169 88 4 2.1 19 9.9 - - build sewage treatnent plants? 6 Do you agree abut the 152 79.2 15 7.8 25 13 - - location of sewage treatment 10-7 plants? Will the implementation of 7 this project improve your 147 76.6 10 5.2 12 6.3 23 12 living quality? Do your think this project 8 can bring benefits to the 125 65.1 59 30.7 8 4.2 _ development of the local economy? What do you think of this project, which will occupy 155 80.7 13 6.8 24 12.5 _ a few farmlands or fish pond? How serious will be the 10 stinky gas and noises after 25 13 110 57.3 57 29.7 _ sewage treatment plants are put into operation? In your opinion, will the 11 project bring more benefits 155 80.7 7 3.6 15 7.8 15 7.8 or more problems? From the results of this public participation it can be seen that the ages of the people around the site who have been selected mainly range from 18 to 60 years old (97%) and 54.7% of them were graduated from senior high schools and polytechnic schools and above. 90.1% of them basically knew or understood the proposed project and 94% thought they knew whether the project would bring impacts Onl the ambient environment. 57.3% lived within 500m from the sewage accepting water body before sewage treatment plants are built and 49.5% lived within 300m from the proposed sewage treatment plants. Therefore, this public participation can be thought to be fair and objective in terms of distribution of ages, educational background, residential location and understanding of the proposed project. From the attitudes of the public towards the proposed project and the results of the investigation of the impacts on the project on the ambient environment it can be seen that 88% thought it necessary to build sewage treatment plant, 79.2% expressed their support to the proposed locations of the sewage treatment plants, 76.6% believed that their future living quality would be improved, 65.1% thought the constructioll of sewage treatment plants would bring benefits to the development of the local economy, 80.7% agreed about the occupation of a few farmlands and fish pond, 57.3% thoughlt the stinky gas and noises of the project would bring a certain impacts on their living environment but they could be overcome and 80.7% thought the project would bring more benefits than problems, indicating that the public knew that this project would bring benefits both to the country and people and though it would cause some impacts on their living environment, most of them still supported the construction of this project. If their opinions and suggestions on the project are written in words it can be seen that they basically fall into three kinds: 10-8 A. Implementation of the project as soon as possible. B. Discharge of sewage with underground pipes. C. Location of the Shuanglin Sewage Treatment Plant should preferably be to the east of the Xianfeng Blowdown River and to the south of the burial place. Those who agreed with the third opinion were in the few, who basically worked and lived near the proposed site and were afraid that after construction the project might cause impacts on the ambient air environment. Dagu canal remediation project Results of the questionnaires which have been filled in during public participation are shown in Table 10-4-3. Table 10-4-3 Results of Public Participation in the Dagu Canal Remediation Project Question Urban Xiqing Jinnan Tanggu All area areas How long have you Less than 10 73.7 1.3 0.7 5.3 14.6 lived here? years IO to 20 years 8.2 1.3 6.5 20 8.6 20 to 30 years 6.6 9.4 14.4 36 16.6 Over 30 years 11.5 88 78.4 38.7 60.2 How far away is your Less than 100m 24.2 71.2 17.1 15.1 29.3 home? I100 to 500m 9.7 9.6 44.4 35.6 29.0 500 to 1000m 1.6 8.2 31.4 24.7 19.8 Over I000m 64.5 11.0 7.1 24.6 21.8 Are you satisfied with Satisfied 9.5 7.5 2.9 0 4.4 the current conditions of the Dissatisfied 90.5 92.5 92.0 96 92.7 Dagu Blowdown Not sure 0 0 5.1 4 2.9 River? How serious are the Serious impacts 91.6 96 87.1 100 93.3 impacts of the Not serious 8.1 4 9.9 0 .5 8 the Dagu Blowdown imat River on the life of No impacts 0 0 2.0 00.6 the resDdents living on the banks? Not sure 0 0 1.0 0 0.3 In your opinion, how Very important 80.6 97.1 73.0 100 85.2 important is the project? Important 19.4 2.9 26.3 0 14.5 Not important 0 0 0.7 0 0.3 10-9 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 What's your attitude Agree 100 93.2 66.9 100 85.3 towards this Disagree 0 5.4 28.1 0 12.4 project? Diage_0 54_8.____ Don't know 0 1.4 5.0 0 2.3 Are you wiling to Volunteer labor 81.2 74.1 80.6 67.0 75.8 participate in this Donation 18.8 25.9 11.9 33.0 21.3 project? Donation 18 5 I. 32l Unwilling 0 0 7.5 0 2.9 What benefits would Social benefits 16.4 81.3 74.3 98.7 71.1 the project_ bringabout? Economic 11.5 50.7 4.3 88 33.4 brin abobenefits Ecological 93.4 76 88.6 92 87.7 environment benefits Do you think the Obvious 100 100 100 100 100 project will help improvement improve the environmnent of the Little effect 0 0 0 0 0 city? Not sure 0 0 0 0 0 In your opinion, will More benefits 100 100 100 100 l 00 the project bring than harmns more benefits or more problems? Moreharms 0 0 0 0 0 mor prothan benefits They are more 0 0 0 0 0 or less the same Not sure This public participation has been conducted among various group, whose sex, age, educational background, income and family structure vary. They have higlhlyy representative and can fully reflect the opinions of the public in the areas to be affected. Results of the questionnaires show that most residents are dissatisfied with the curl-renl conditions of the Dagu canal remediation, which has caused obvious impacts on the production and living environment of the residents along the banks. They thoughlt tha. the project was necessary and important and could obviously improve the environmental quality of the city and the living environment of the residents alon- thle banks and could bring lots of ecological environment benefits and social benefits. They supported and wished the implementation of this project and most of them showed their understanding and acceptance of the some impacts which might be brought abouLt by the project. This fully shows that residents are eager to have their living enviroimient to be improved. 10-10 Suggestions from the public The suggestions of the public in this investigation through questionnaire can be summed up as follows: * The remediation and upgrading are good for the city and environmelntal improvement, particularly the project will be completed prior to the 2008 Olympic Games, helping lift the image of the city. * The remediation project should be implemented soon to bring benefits to the people. * Open ditches should be changed into concealed ones so that roads can be widened.. * Landscape of the banks should be strengthened, embankments oni the banks should be consolidated and river bed should be cleaned. * Wastewater treatment plants should be constructed. * Wastewater dischargers should pay for the discharge which can be used for carrying out remediation project.. 10.5 Second round of public participation 10.5.1 The program Time: After the environmental impact report was completed, the EA team started the second round of discussions, which has been finished in early Mach 2002; Subject: Discussions were made based on the opinions, suggestions and demands of the public gathered and corresponding solutions and effects during the first round of public participation. Further opinions of the public were listened to and results of public participation were included in the assessment of the impacts on the environment of the proposed project. Publication of information: After the environmental impact report was drafted, the EA team distributed abstracts that could be understood easily (in terms of manler and language) and took full advantages of the media (such as local TV, broadcasting, newspapers and posters, and an article published on Everyday News, a leading newspaper, whose copy is attached.) Procedures: The same as the first round of public participation. 10.5.2 Results of the second round of public participation The Second Round of Public Participation Meeting of the Tianjin Second WB Finaniced Urban Construction Project was held on the morning of March 9, 2002 (Saturday). A total of 77 residents from the project areas who could be affected attended the meetill, in which questionnaires were distributed, public inquiry was conducted, questiolns about the project and its impacts answer and written reply after the meeting were adopted to dispel the misgivings of the public on the impacts of the project and know their worries. Those who attended the meeting gave many good opinions, which were summed up by the EA team in time as reference for further assessment of the impacts on the environment and management. Distribution of information of the second rounld 10-11 of public participation is shown in Table 10-5-2-1. results of investigation are shown in Table 10-5-2-2. Table 10-5-2-1 Distribution of information of the second round of public participation Document and IDate of Location WB information distribution demanids Conditions of the March 10, 2002 Everyday Newspaper OP4.01 project and conclusion of environmental assessment Conditions of the March 12, 2002 Tianjin Daily project and conclusion of environmental assessment Draft of environmental April 2002 Official web site of assessment report Tianjin Urban and Town Construction Commission Environmental March 2002 Room 426, Tianjin assessment report Academy of Science of Environmental Protection 10-1 2 10-5-2 WB Financed Project Environmental Assessment Public Participation Meeting and Statistics of Questionnaires for Attendants (March 2002) To better solicit opinions from the public, WB Financed Project Environmental Assessment Team conducted a public participation questionnaire investigation, whose results are shown below: Do you have Did yoIu once Number of To the introduction and account What do you think the special enough Do you think Participate In What is your general Item people Purpose of meeting of "significance and methods of account of the team on oportunity to the time for similar public comments on the environmental assessment environmental assessment opinions in the enough participation meeting team meeting meeting Answerfl si/I ~~~> 'i" " CD CD CD~~~ CD OC 0C f F X~~~~~- -[ a ~ TX X [: 5E' 5j i -j.R Nu~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z Dagu River mberof 0 0 4 7 0 0 8 3 0 0 6 5 11 0 11 0 2 9 0 4 8 Engineering people Team Ratio(%) 0 0 36.4 63.6 0 0 27.3 72.3 0 0 55 45 100 0 100 0 18 82 0 33 67 Number of 0 0 2 4 0 0 3 3 0 0 2 4 6 0 4 2 1 5 0 2 4 Sewage people Treatment Plant engineering team Ratio(%) 0 0 33 67 0 0 50 50 0 0 33 67 100 0 67 33 17 87 0 33 67 Traffic and pipe 0 0 17 15 0 3 15 14 0 0 18 14 32 0 32 0 13 0 11 21 network pumeropl construction team Ratio(%) 0 0 53.1 46.7 0 8.3 48.9 43.8 0 0 56 44 100 0 100 0 59 41 0 34 66 Number of 0 0 23 26 0 3 26 20 0 0 26 23 49 0 47 2 22 27 0 17 32 Total people Ratio(%) 0 0 46.9 53.1 0 6.1 53.1 40.8 0 0 5311 46.9 100 0 95.9 4.1 44.9 55.1 0 34. 65.3 Analysis of public participation In this project, a total 50 public participation questionnaires were distributed and 49 completed copies returned. Among them, 1 1 came from the Dagu River project engmneering team, 6 from the sewage treatment plant engineering team and 32 from traffic and pipe network construction team. Those who were consulted rnainly included cadres, workers and other residents near construction site, which can satisfactorily reflect the impacts on the residents. Results of statistics are shown in the above Table. The public was rather clear of the purposes of the meeting and the "significance and method of environmental assessment" and were also clear of the special topics introduced in the team. Most of them said that they had enough opportunity to air their opinions and views in the meeting. People who once participated in the similar public participation meeting almost accounted for 50% and generally believed that the meeting was rather helpful. From the results of statistics it can be seen that the environmental assessment public participation meeting complied with the requirements of the assessment of the impacts on the environment and basically reached its expectations. Opinions of public participation were summed up and sent to departments concerned, which all made a reply. For specific situation, refer to Table 10-5-3. Table 10-5-3 Opinions of Public participation and Reply Opinion Reply Implementation of the project as soon as Early preparations are being made. possible to solve the drainage problem which has disturbed people for years as early as possible. During construction, designer and Environmental management plan has been development organization should give full prepared. consideration to environmental protection and implement environmental protection measures. Establishment of public complaint hotline Special telephone line is being prepared to listen to other's opinions and and the public can also dial 12369, the suggestions during the construction of the complaint hotline of Tianj in project. Environmental Protection Bureau. Construction time should be arranged This requirement has been raised in the reasonably. After roads are broken, they bidding document. should be restored in time. Flying dusts should be avoided when it is vital to the growth of crops, especially when grapes are setting fruits. 10-14 lIEnvironmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11.1Environmental management agency and its duties Since the contents of environmental management during the construction period and that during the operation period vary greatly and conducted at different times, separate organizations should be set up to carry out environmental management in different stages. I I.1.1 Environmental management organizations To guarantee the effectiveness of environmental management, environmental management will be included in the duties and responsibilities of the project proponent. They will be staffed with capable and experience of the members, who are personnel specialized in environmental protection with appropriate qualifications and experience. For the environmental management agency during the construction period, refer to Figure 11-1-1. Lender: the World Bank Owner Tianjin Lender's representative: WB Municipality F l~~~~~~~~~~~~ Environental protection l ~~~~authority: TEPB Contractor Manager: General manager I Af : 'I t H HIHHfgIJ L uttLp 00L00 0 10 : CD ontrc serer 0 C o ~~~) 0 0 ~~~~ 0 ~ 0 1 - - C C) C) C) C m 0 uq Go aq~~~ 0 0D_CD c0t0 0, TSP - weight method chromatography (GB/T14678) C:L (GB/T15432-45) NH3 adopts sodium cn hypochlorite ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid spectrophotometric analysis (GB/T 14674) 10-22 Type Item Monitor plan in stages Construction period Operation period One monitor point should be provided at the windward side of sewage pumping station, Monito pot Areas along the pipes that outlet tank ( or other- places location are laid and around witlh stinky gas ) , boundary at location pumping station leeward side and sensitive point; one monitor poilnt at the northwest and southwest of sewage treatment plant 2 days when construction is 4 times/d during nonnal Monitor busy, once in the morning, operation in the summer; when frequency once at noon and once in the smell is the strongest, it the evening. should be collected at once. . . ~~~~~Noises due to the operationi of Source of Noises of construction pollutant machines and traffic noises pumping station and sewage treatment plant Monitor item LAeg (dB(A)) LACq (dB(A)) : ,0 ( GB3046 - 43 ) Urban (GB3046-43) Urban Area cL p Area Environmental Noise Environmental Noise . Standards Standards ( GB12348 - 40 ) Noise C/) ~ (Standards at the Boundary of 3 3 c) ( GB12523-40 ) Noise Industrial Enterprises and n0Q Limits at Boundary of m z aQ Construction Site ( GB12348-90 ) Noise Standards at the Bounldary of Noise Industrial Enterprises 0 (GB/T14623-43 ) Urban ( GB/T14623-43 ) Urbani (GB/T4623-43) Urb Area Environmental Noise z Area Environmental Noise MeasEmenmethods 3a pDMeasurement Methods Measurement Methods c. = (GB12524-40) Noise (GB 12348-40) Methods for C Limits at Boundary of the Measurement of the Noises Construction Site at the Boundary of Industrial Construction__________Site ____ Enterprises Monitor point Noise sensitive points at the lm outside the boundaries of location boundary of and around plant construction site 3 days/month when Monitor I to 2 times each Monitor construction is busy, once quarter, 2 days each time and frequency during the day and once at once during the day and once at night night 10-23 Monitor plan in stages Type Item Construction period Operation period Dredging, sludge Source of dehydration, sludge pileup, Sewage in pumping station and pollutant construction of structure, tall water in sewage treatment pollution discharge yard plant and sludge transportation PH, SS, CODC,, BOD5, volatile COD, SS, percolated water, phenol, cyanide, NH4-N, Monitor item NH3, petroleum, heavy sulfide, petroleum, total metal and domestic sewage phosphorus, heavy metal, water quantity, etc. mo .(GHZBI-1999) Quality ( GHZBI - 1444 ) Quality c_ Standards for Surface Standards for Surface Water E1 < Water Environment Environment (CJ3082-1444) Standards Cfl~~~~~~ ~on the Water Quality of Sewage c* > tS (GB8978-1996)Sewage Discharged into Urban Sewer e Cr- Comprehensive Discharge Sewage z Standards (GB8478 -1446 ) Sewage CD Cb Comprehensive Discharge Standards CD m Based on the standards in Adopt the methods proposed in CDz Based on the standards in w - . B481446 ) Sewage v . Sewage Comprehensive Comprehensive Discharge a, Discharge StandardsStnad cn Standards Slg dOutlet tank of sewage pumping Sludge dehydration, sludge pileup, construction station, converge of Dagu Monitor point site of structures, pollution Blowdown River at Xianyang . . > ~~~~Road and Miyun Road, location discharge yard, estuary of Rih uang M huanglin, Dagu Blowdwn River,Jizhuangzl, Shuanglin, Dagu Blowdown River, Jugezhuang and outlet opening etc. of sewage treatment plant Conventional monitor in Monitor Twice each month or once sewage treatment plant, once frequency each week each month Sludge dredged from pipes, bar river scree resdues and sludge Solid Source of Sludge dredged from river screen resid eran during the operation o f waste pollutant course pumping station and sewage treatment plant 10-24 Monitor plan in stages Construction period Operation period Heavy metals ( including pH, Ccl, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Heavy metals (including pH, Monitor item Zn, Ni, DDT and benzex) , Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, special vehicle sign, etc. designated route and drop along the roads 0 (GB15618-1995 Quality GB4284-84 Standards for the v CL a) Standards of Soil Control of Pollutants in environment Agricultural Sludge v) co o( GB4284-84 ) Standards (GB4284-84) Standards for for the Control of Pollutants the Control of Pollutants in CL - in Agricultural Sludge Agricultural Sludge ( GB5085.3 - 1996 ) eQ Dangerous(Waste GB5085.3 - 1996 ) Waste m Dangerous Waste ditfcto Sanrs - Identification StandardsIdentfication Standards - P. Identification St anards Identification of Leachinlg s Identification of Leaching Toxicity Toxicity Refer to the methods B Refer to the methods Refer to the methods proposed v proposed in discharge . p standards in discharge standards cn 0 Section at the Chaoyang Bridge over the Fengchanhe River, section at the Gaofeng Road Bridge, converge between Sewage pipe which must be Monitor point Xianyang Road and Miyun dredged and sludge outlet location Road, Houtai, Wangdingdi, opening in sewage treatment Huayuan, Zhongfu Bridge, plant Xiaonanhe, Dengdian, Jizhuangzi, No.13 Bridge, Xinyuan, Shuanglin and Liqizhuang Once before dredging of river Monitor course. Frequency of frequency Once before dredging monitor in sewage treatment plant is the same as conventional monitor. 10-25 Monitor plan in stages Construction period Operation period Management of domestic wastes of construction Other Mono ipersonnel, impacts on Other Monitor Item tafcdrn traffic during construction and damages to vegetation 11.4.2 Procedures of environmental monitoring Development organization should work out procedures for environmental monitor during construction and operation periods based on the engineering features of the construction project and in the light of the experience in operation management of the same projects and the requirements of environmental management system( IS014001 ). They should include the following: a. Establishment of special environmental management agency and guarantee of funds and personnel. b. Work out environmental management system, environmental monitor plan, training program and pollution prevention and control measures for the proposed project based on construction plan and this report. c. Organize training based on the training plan to satisfy the requirements on the environmental awareness and operation ability of all staff, including training in the skills for adopting the above pollution prevention and control measures. d. Division of labor must be made clear and responsibilities must be shared by all; conduct daily management based on plan (including site monitor and check) and monitor of the impacts of the proposed project on the environment. e. Establish good channels for information communication, especially effective channels to respond to the possible complaints of residents. f. Organize relevant monitor units to carry out monitor regularly based on monitor plan and report the results of monitor to relevant departments. g. Correct in time environmental acts in violation of law and/or disturbance to people during construction and operation periods; work out preventative measures and modify relevant management measures when necessary to adapt to the needs of actual situation. h. Manage key records during environmental management, such as monitor report, residents' complaints, Deadline Control and Rectification Sheet, etc. r. Environmental management agency should review the work regularly and work out the Environmental Monitor Report for the proposed project and submit it to relevant departments. It should also improve the relevant sections of the entire management monitor procedures based on the opinions of review of environmental authority of the Environmental Monitor Report for the proposed project and possible complaints about environmental problems to better carry out environmental management. 11.4.3 Environmental Monitoring Report I) Environmental Monitoring Report during construction period The construction period of this project is about two years. It can be divided into 10-26 different stages, such as dredging of river course, pavement excavation (site leveling), laying of pipes (construction of pumping station) and pavement repair, etc. Environmental Monitor Report in Stages should be worked out based on the relevant construction project environmental management statues of our country and WB business policies to make environmental protection department ensured that all environmental protection measures are being implemented based on the approved environmental monitor plan and some special protective measures are being or will be taken to control the unforeseeable impacts on the environrment in project plan. Environmental Monitor Report in Stages should contain: arrangement of environmental management agency, project progress, contents and methods of key construction, impacts on the environment, measures for alleviating impacts, as well as implementation of measures. It should also contain residents' complaints and solutions when necessary. 2) Environmental Monitoring Report during operation period After the proposed project is put into operation, Enviromnental Monitor Report should still be worked out regularly (once each year usually), which should mainly include: arrangement and changes in environmental management agency, implementation of the opinions of environmental protection department on the review of early stage report, monitor system (including time, frequency, point location, instruments and equipment used, applicable standards, etc.) , results of statistics and analysis of data monitored, further pollution prevention and control measures to be taken, etc. 11. 5 Estimated costs of environmental monitoring The annual monitor and operation expenses of the construction project during construction and operation periods will total RMB31 1,000 Yuan. For the expenses of various items, refer to Table 11-5-1. Table 11-5-1 Estimated cost for environmental monitoring (unit: 10,000 Yuan) Item Monitor period Surface Atmosphere Noise Solid water waste Dagu Construction 3.2 0.9 0.7 3.5 Blowdown period River Operation 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.1 period Shuanglin Construction 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 Sewage period Treatment Operation 2.5 1.0 0.8 1 .5 Plant period Yingcheng Construction 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 Sewage period Treatment Operation 2.5 1 .0 0.8 1 .5 Plant period Drainage pipe Construction 2.3 1.2 0.8 1 .5 network period construction Operation 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 period 10-27 Intermediate Construction 2.0 1.0 0.8 1 .5 water reuse period Operation 0.5 0.5 0.8 0 period Total: construction period: 262,000 Yuan Operation period: 212,000 Yuan/y 11.6 Environmental management of accidental discharge 11.6.1 Timely handle of accidents In case of a serious accidental discharge of this drainage project, the key responsible persons of the project undertaker should organize people in time to handle it and report it to the local government, Environmental Protection Bureau and urban construction department in order to solve it together with them and reduce its harms and losses. When it is necessary, they should explain it to the public through appropriate media so that they can make cooperation and understand it to provide good public opinion conditions for the normal operation of the project after the accidental discharge. 11.6.2 Investigation and analysis After the accident is stopped, impacts of pollution should be removed immediately. Causes for he accident must be investigated immediately and responsibilities should be decided. Accident investigation and analysis report and opinions on how to handle the accident should be recorded and kept and submitted to relevant departments so that the accident can be handled properly. 11.6.3 Emergency response agency An accident emergency agency should first be set up which should be directly led by the key leader of the plant. Name list of members should be made known to the public and technical plans should be ready. Responsibilities should be decided to prevent accidents from happening. 10-28