ETHIOPIA GENDER LANDSCAPE Color Key This briefing showcases the gender landscape in Ethiopia on key indicators Improvement helpful for monitoring gender equality and designing effective policy Deterioration interventions. Gender equality fosters productivity gains, minimizes losses No Change in wealth, reduces poverty, boosts shared prosperity, and supports green, resilient, and inclusive development. Click the indicators below to explore the World Bank Gender Data Portal. Latest* Comparison Year Value SSA LIC World Progress in ending all forms of gender-based violence Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of ever 2018 27.0 20.3 22.5 NA partnered women ages 15-49) Women who were first married by 18 (% of women 20-24) 2016 40.3 NA NA NA Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women 15-19) 2022 71.1 94.4 92.9 39.3 Stronger and more resilient human capital Learning poverty: Share of children at the end-of-primary age below minimum reading proficiency Female NA NA 85.9 92.2 50.0 (%) Male NA NA 86.8 91.5 53.7 Female 2023 21.9 44.1 38.3 74.8 Lower secondary completion rate (% of relevant group) Male 2023 22.4 47.0 43.0 74.6 Female share of graduates from STEM programs, tertiary (%) 2010 17.3 NA NA NA Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate per 100,000 live births) 2020 267 536 409 223 Contraceptive prevalence, any modern method (% of married women 15-49) 2020 35.6 28.5 30.6 55.7 Female 2020 0.66 NA NA NA Fraction of children under 5 not stunted Male 2020 0.60 NA NA NA Mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease between Female 2019 16.9 20.1 21.6 14.8 ages 30 and 70 (%) Male 2019 17.4 22.7 25.3 21.8 More and better jobs, including jobs of the future Female 2023 57.4 65.0 54.3 49.0 Labor force participation rate (% 15+) Male 2023 78.4 75.5 73.8 73.3 Female 2023 12.5 16.5 12.4 52.6 Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) Male 2023 16.7 27.4 23.8 51.6 Female 2023 53.1 47.7 61.4 25.9 Employment in agriculture (% of employment) Male 2023 69.1 50.2 55.1 26.2 Female 2021 24.9 NA NA NA Share of youth not in education, employment or training (% of youth population) Male 2021 9.87 NA NA NA Female 2023 7.23 11.0 12.1 14.9 Youth unemployment (% of labor force 15-24) Male 2023 3.96 9.40 9.83 13.3 Greater ownership and use of economic assets Women who do not own land (% of women 15-49) 2016 59.7 NA NA NA Men who do not own land (% of men) 2016 49.1 NA NA NA Female 2022 37.9 33.8 20.3 71.9 Financial institution account (% 15+) Male 2022 54.7 45.9 27.8 76.0 Wider access to and use of enabling services Female 2021 13.7 28.4 17.5 61.6 Individuals using the Internet (% of population) Male 2021 19.7 38.9 30.0 67.2 Female 2022 1.98 14.1 9.05 31.8 Used a mobile phone or the internet to pay bills (% 15+) Male 2022 4.50 19.4 13.1 37.0 Advances in women’s participation in decision-making Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) 2021 27.0 NA NA NA Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) 2015 36.2 29.9 25.1 33.8 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2023 41.3 27.0 24.4 26.7 Proportion of women in ministerial level positions (%) 2022 40.9 23.9 22.9 22.8 * Latest value shows the latest available country value for the indicator. Color coding of the latest country value represents a more than 10 percent change upward or downward from the country’s baseline value from 10 years (+/- 2 years) prior to latest value. No coloring applied whenever there is no data for baseline or when latest available value is prior to 2020. Notes: (1) Ethiopia is part of the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region and a low income country (LIC) as classified by The World Bank Group. Peer Comparison shows how Ethiopia performs relative to its peers in the region, income group, and the world. (2) Data and definitions can be found on the Gender Data Portal. Data is as of March 29, 2025. ETHIOPIA GENDER LANDSCAPE Employment Gaps and Potential Economic Gains % Variable to control the vertical shift of the entire diagram Gains in income per capita 19.5 % Estimated increase in long-run GDP per capita, if women’s employment matched that of men Sectoral Segregation and Quality of Employment Barriers to Employment Globally, women are less likely than men to participate in the Barriers to female employment include violence labor market. When women do participate, they are more likely at work, legal restrictions, restrictive social norms, to be in informal, vulnerable, and lower-paying jobs. and care responsibilities. Progress towards women’s full participation in the economy could increase economies’ GDP. Learn More Definitions Gender Jobs and Work • Gender Employment Gap Index (GEGI): Is the gap between male and female employment as a share of total employment. • World Bank Gender • Increasing Female Labor Force Participation • Vulnerable work: Is comprised of forms of self-employment (on or off the farm, own-account or being a family worker in a household income activity) and associated with Strategy 2024-2030 • Closing Gender Gaps in Earnings lower labor income and low job security. • World Bank Gender • Jobs and Development Flagship Report • Wage work: Is working for an employer (which can be a private employer or public sector, and informal or formal) and associated with greater labor income, greater job security and Data Portal healthy working conditions. Sources: All charts show the latest value available as of March 2025. Top row: (1) ILOSTAT, (2) Pennings (2022). We report the basic variant of the Gender Employment Gap Index (GEGI). Middle row: ILOSTAT. Bottom row: (1) ILO (2022), (2) Women, Business and the Law (2024) Legal 2.0, (3) ILOSTAT