World Bank in India
World Bank
in India
Vol 26 / No. 4 November 2024
BOOSTING
APPLE
CULTIVATION
IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH
Videos 10 New 12 Publications 15
Projects
2
World Bank in India
With its clear, crisp mountain air,
India’s northern state of Himachal Pradesh is
often called the “Apple State” of the country.
“Apples are our livelihood,” explains Daksh Chauhan, In 2016 Himachal Pradesh, once again, rekindled the
a young apple grower. “In my grandfather’s time, this pioneering spirit that had first brought apples to its
whole area was very poor. Apple cultivation made our verdant hillsides, to recast the State as a veritable
lives much better.” powerhouse of apple cultivation in India.
Ever since apple cultivation was introduced into With support from the World Bank’s Himachal
Himachal Pradesh almost a century ago, apples Pradesh Horticulture Development Project, the
have formed the backbone of the State’s economy. State helped farmers to transform the way fruits are
Around two lakh of the State’s 6.15 lakh hectares (Ha) grown. This included blending old traditions with the
of cultivated land are dedicated to fruit orchards, new, introducing new planting materials, modern
of which half (around 1.15 lakh Ha.) is under apple practices and techniques in farming, and creating
cultivation. storage, processing, and marketing facilities to enable
them to earn better prices for their produce.
However, over time, the crop faced a series of
challenges. Unpredictable weather conditions,
combined with old low-fruit bearing orchards,
traditional methods of cultivation and the lack of
suitable irrigation facilities led to low farm incomes,
especially for the smaller landholders. Consumer
preferences have also been changing in favor of
imported varieties, trapping small farmers in repeated
cycles of loss year after year.
70% of the 400,000
people in families and
Himachal Pradesh laborers are
are engaged in dependent on
Area under apple agriculture. apple cultivation.
cultivation in Himachal
Pradesh
1950 2023 Apples account for
400 1,15,680 80% of the state’s
hectares hectares horticulture.
3
Six years later, the results are beginning to show. bigha annually. “In the last five years, I have earned
as much by selling apples as I had in fifteen years of
Spreading apple cultivation selling tomatoes," said Rajesh, a smile of satisfaction
lighting up his face.
to the lower altitudes
In the coming years, barring any adverse weather
Vegetables have traditionally been grown in the
conditions, he expects to earn close to Rs 14-15 lakhs
lower ranges of the hill State. Now, new varieties of
per bigha, three times his current income.
apples, better suited for warmer temperatures, were
introduced.
In Solan District, for instance, forty-seven- year-old High density cultivation
Rajesh Kumar switched from growing vegetables
to cultivating the new variety of ‘low-chill’ apples. The new varieties of apple trees also allow for high-
"I followed my father into growing tomatoes and density cultivation. Because the trees are shorter –
vegetables on our one acre of land,” recalled the young growing up to 8-10 feet – with branches that do not
farmer from Kothi Dwara village. “The income from spread as wide as the earlier varieties, more trees can
vegetables was barely enough for the family to survive. be planted on the same patch of land.
Every year we had to spend on pesticides and fungicides.
Irrigation was another issue.” “Previously, my income from apples was almost nothing,”
explained Karan Singh from Solan district’s Dharo Ki
Given these challenges, Rajesh used to earn just Rs. Dhar village. “Now I am able to plant almost 150 trees
50,000-60,000 per bigha (around quarter of an acre) of semi dwarf variety in a bigha, compared to just 20-30
a year. Now his earnings have grown eight-fold, with trees of the old varieties.”
his apple orchard bringing in close to Rs. 4-5 lakhs per
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World Bank in India
Faster and higher yields
The new varieties, also bear fruit faster. “They begin to
bear fruit within 3-4 years of planting, compared to 6-7
years in the traditional varieties,” Karan said, enabling
farmers to reap the benefits much sooner.
What’s more, these trees give higher yields. “Each tree
gives an average of 15-20 kilos of fruit.” Today, Karan Waterlogging due to poor drainage on terraced
earns around Rs. 10-11 lakhs a year on average. fields also used to be a challenge as it robbed the soil
of valuable nutrients and left the trees vulnerable
to pests and disease. This was tackled by adapting
irrigation techniques to suit the hilly terrain, and
Solving irrigation issues
training farmers in the use of drip irrigation.
The project helped form clusters of farmers in the
Around 260 minor irrigation facilities were
same hydrological area. These clusters were given
constructed, enabling more land to be brought under
access to year-round irrigation by channeling water
cultivation. All told, by October 2024, when the
from the upper hillsides into newly constructed tanks
project closed, irrigation facilities helped bring
nearer their fields. Given the rainfall-dependent nature
an additional 3,100 hectares of land under apple
of their crop, and the seasonal availability of water
cultivation, in addition to rejuvenating another
resources, this provided much needed relief for the
10,900 hectares of existing orchards.
farmers.
5
Marketing the produce The government’s e-marketplace app also made
it easier for farmers to check the prices offered in
across the country different parts of the country. This has helped both
Karan and Rajesh find buyers as far away as Jaipur in
To reduce post-harvest losses and enable farmers to
Rajasthan, where they have been getting a good price
secure better prices for their produce, three new fruit
for their produce.
markets were created, and six others were upgraded.
These markets provided a platform for farmers and
"Apples are our heritage and lie at the heart of the
traders from across the country to engage with each
livelihood of our people,” said Sudesh Kumar Mokhta,
other. In 2024-25 alone, these terminals generated a
Project Director, HP Horticulture Project. “A productive
revenue of about INR 10.40 crore (around $1.2 million).
and environmentally sustainable apple cultivation will
thus be the bedrock for the prosperity of our farmers,
both now and in the future."
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World Bank in India
Bringing international knowledge David Manktelow, a scientist with Plant and Food
Research in New Zealand who helped train Himachal’s
The project also brought in international expertise to farmers in the latest techniques says, “What took
upgrade the planting materials and impart the latest us twenty years to learn in New Zealand can be
knowledge to local farmers. Experts from New Zealand implemented in a few years in Himachal Pradesh,”
and Netherlands assessed the soil and topography of commending the progressive nature of the State’s
the region and offered their advice to the farmers. farmers.
Karan has learnt much from the project enabling The Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture
him to make a big difference on the ground. “Experts and Forestry in Nauni, played a pivotal role in
trained us in planting, pruning, providing appropriate disseminating the new learnings. Demonstration plots
nutrition and watering the trees in the right manner,” were set up where farming practices adapted to the
he explained. state’s soil and weather conditions were developed to
sustain high density apple cultivation. Farmers were
taught how to apply them. Overall, more than 90,000
farmers were trained under the project.
7
“The pioneering work done by Himachal Pradesh in boosting apple cultivation will not only benefit current and future
generations of its farmers but will also lead the way for the rest of the country. Given the enormous variety of terrain
and climatic conditions found in India, there is considerable potential to expand modern fruit farming in other states
too, producing fruit not only for the Indian market but for international destinations as well.”
Bekzod Shamsiev, Task Team Leader, World Bank
Today, India’s hill state of Himachal Pradesh is leading the way in modern fruit farming, setting an example for
the other states with strong horticultural traditions to follow.
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World Bank in India
90,000 farmers trained
in modern techniques of
apple cultivation.
Over 1.34 lakh
beneficiaries under the
Project.
Over 80 enterpreneurs,
including 37% women, are
setting up agri-enterprises
like fruit nurseries,
bee-keeping and honey
production, fruit
processing
and making
anti-hail nets.
• 30 Farmer
Producer Companies formed.
• Total turnover in 2023-2024 -
Rs. 6 crores.
• Engaged in fruit grading,
packaging & cold storage.
9
Project Videos
Largest Solar Plant with Battery
Storage in Chhattisgarh
The central Indian state of Chhattisgarh has constructed a
100 MW solar plant with a battery storage capacity of
40 MW/120 MWh. The batteries store solar energy during the
day for use during peak demand in the evening. Supported by
the World Bank and Climate Investment Fund, this innovative
project takes forward India’s renewable energy target of
achieving 500 GW by 2030.
10
World Bank in India
Educating a New Generation of
Skilled Agriculture Professionals
To tackle declining farm profitability, the Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, supported by the World Bank, is revamping
agricultural education to create a new generation of skilled
professionals. Seventy-seven agricultural universities across India are
now offering an upgraded curricula which includes advanced training
in GPS, drones, AI, and robotics delivered in state-of-the-art labs.
These professionals aim to spearhead the next Green Revolution,
making agriculture more productive, profitable, and climate-resilient.
11
New Projects
Support to Farmers in Kerala to
Adapt to Climate Change and Promote
Agri-Entrepreneurship
The World Bank has approved a $200 The Kerala Climate Resilient Agri- At least $9 million
million project to help farmers in Value Chain Modernization (KERA) in commercial finance
Kerala adapt to climate change and Project aims to benefit around
boost agri-entrepreneurship. 400,000 farmers by promoting
to be leveraged
climate-smart practices. This benefitting
includes replanting climate-resilient women-led
varieties of coffee, cardamom, and SMEs.
Benefit rubber, and expanding "food parks"
400,000 in rural areas. These parks will provide
essential infrastructure like water,
farmers in power, and waste management
Kerala to support agribusinesses in food
processing and value-added products. “This project will further infuse
private sector investment and
The project will also form alliances integrate agricultural value chains for
between farmer groups and the benefit of farmers and SMEs.
agribusinesses to strengthen the link Moreover, it will support agri-based
between producers and buyers, with SMEs—especially women who
the public sector facilitating these currently own only 23 percent of
connections. Additionally, the project MSMEs in the state—to gain access
will support the incubation of agri- to commercial finance by providing
tech startups. At least $9 million in training for business plans and to
commercial finance will be leveraged, strengthen their commercial viability.”
particularly benefiting women-
led agri-food small and medium Auguste Tano Kouamé, Country
enterprises (SMEs). Director, World Bank, India
12
World Bank in India
Strengthening Climate Resilience
in Uttarakhand
The Government of India, the Uttarakhand, a state prone to upgrade fire stations, benefiting
Government of Uttarakhand and climatic and seismic disasters, faces 1.5 million people, and improve fire
the World Bank have signed a $135 challenges due to its hilly terrain. and forest fire management, including
million agreement to enhance Climate change is worsening these search-and-rescue capabilities.
public infrastructure in Uttarakhand, issues, leading to more forest fires
benefiting 10 million people. and glacier melts.
“This partnership will enhance efforts
The Uttarakhand Disaster to improve infrastructure and services
Preparedness and Resilience for 10 million people. The project will
Project aims to address these also train officials and volunteers,
vulnerabilities by establishing a increase female employment
Benefit state-level emergency operations in fire services, and establish a
10 million center and a multi-hazard early
warning system.
community program for forest fire
risk management, including a carbon
people in Uttarakhand. finance mechanism."
The project will also build 45 flood-
resistant bridges, reduce landslide Auguste Tano Kouamé, Country
risks, and construct multi-purpose Director, World Bank, India
disaster shelters. Additionally, it will
13
Revitalizing Forests and Creating
Jobs in Tripura and Nagaland
The World Bank’s Board of Executive The Project aims to create 60,000 jobs
Directors has approved a new project “The Project will contribute to for youth and women, by promoting
to support more than 700,000 people leveraging forests for private sector forest-based entrepreneurship
to manage forest landscapes better driven job creation in non-timber through skills training in areas such
and enhance forest value chains in economic activities, enhancing the as hospitality and training for nature
more than 400 villages across Tripura carbon sink capacity of the forest, guides.
and Nagaland. and ultimately contributing to
economic growth and social well- The Project in Tripura and
With almost 1.5 million hectares, being in Tripura and Nagaland,”
forests form a vital part of the rural Nagaland will:
economy in Nagaland and Tripura, Auguste Tano Kouamé, Country
providing livelihood to significant Director, World Bank, India Conserve & restore
tribal populations. 100,000 hectares
The $225.5 million Enhancing The ELEMENT project aims to open
of forest
Landscape and Ecosystem up economic opportunities for
Management (ELEMENT) Project communities through forest produce
Create 60,000 jobs
will help conserve and restore over such as agarwood, bamboo and for youth & women
100,000 hectares of forest thus honey in partnership with the private
enhancing landscape-based value sector. It will also help to enhance Benefit 700,000 +
chains for economic transformation national parks and protected areas, rural people
while avoiding almost 435,000 tons as well as develop nature-based
of carbon emissions per year . The tourism facilities. Save carbon
Project will also strengthen soil emissions by 435,000
conservation and improve water tons per year
availability.
14
World Bank in India
New Publications
JOBS AT YOUR DOORSTEP :
A JOBS DIAGNOSTICS FOR
YOUNG PEOPLE IN SIX STATES
The Report is an in-depth jobs diagnostic study conducted by the
World Bank in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and six
states under the Bank-supported STARS Project - Himachal Pradesh,
Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Odisha. The
report highlights the importance of targeted skill education linked
to local markets for improving the productivity of the workforce.
The Report recommends both short-term and long-term
actions required by stakeholders across Central Ministries and
organizations, State education departments, State examination
Boards, Industry, Private Sector, and Civil Society.
15
SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT UPDATE OCTOBER 2024
Women Jobs and Growth
The October edition of the biannual economic report - South Asia Development Update, titled "Women,
Jobs, and Growth," has projected a robust economic upturn in the region, driven by strong domestic
demand in India and faster recoveries in other South Asian countries.
• South Asia's economy is expected to grow 6.2% annually over the next two years.
• Legal reforms needed to enhance gender equality, accelerate job creation and remove barriers to
women’s employment.
• Increased trade openness and export orientation are key to boosting female employment.
16
World Bank in India
BUSINESS READY (B-READY) 2024
Key Finding
The 2024 Business Ready (B-READY) report assesses the
business climate in 50 economies, offering an extensive Economies do better at enacting
dataset of 1,200 indicators per economy to pinpoint areas regulations to improve the national
for improvement and inspire reforms. This inaugural edition business climate than they do
evaluates both the regulatory framework and public services in providing the public services
aimed at businesses, examining how effectively they are needed to secure actual progress.
implemented in practice.
The report will gradually cover
180 economies by 2026.
Visit the Business Ready website
17
POVERTY, PROSPERITY, AND PLANET REPORT 2024:
PATHWAYS OUT OF THE POLYCRISIS
The World Bank’s latest report,
formerly Poverty and Shared
Prosperity, highlights the critical Key Findings Vulnerability to Climate Change
need to reduce poverty while • Almost half the global The poorest are increasingly
protecting the environment. It population lives on less vulnerable to climate risks, with
stresses that shared prosperity than US$6.85 per day. nearly 20% of people facing
must be achieved without welfare losses from extreme
damaging the planet’s future. • Income inequality
weather events.
remains high in Latin
The report assesses the America and Sub-
global impact of the current Saharan Africa.
“polycrisis”—a convergence of • Global incomes must
slow growth, fragility, climate The Path Forward
increase fivefold to reach
risks, and uncertainty. Global a minimum prosperity Addressing these interconnected
poverty reduction has resumed, threshold of US$25 per challenges requires a coordinated,
but at a slower pace than pre- day. inclusive global effort. Strategies
pandemic levels. Nearly 700 must balance poverty reduction
million people still live on less and environmental sustainability.
than US$2.15 per day, with
extreme poverty concentrated
in Sub-Saharan Africa and
fragile regions.
18
World Bank in India
CYBERSECURITY ECONOMICS FOR EMERGING MARKETS
In today’s interconnected world,
where digital technologies are The Report:
rapidly transforming economies,
cybersecurity has become • Analyzes hundreds of
crucial—especially for developing scholarly works and
nations. thousands of cyber
incidents from 190
The study “Cybersecurity Economics countries.
for Emerging Markets” examines • Identifies trends and
the economic impacts of cyber characteristics of cyber
incidents globally. It explores threats, focusing on their
how cyber-attacks can destabilize economic consequences.
economies, disrupt vital services,
and hinder development. • Highlights proactive
roles for governments
The book provides invaluable and private sectors
insights for policymakers looking in safeguarding
to fortify the digital ecosystem infrastructure.
against evolving cyber risks.
It offers practical, evidence-
based policy recommendations,
emphasizing strengthening
national cybersecurity industries,
improving awareness, and
investing in research and
development.
STATE OF ECONOMIC INCLUSION REPORT (SEI) 2024
The 2024 SEI Report highlights the growing scale of economic
inclusion programs that play a key role in building resilience and
creating job opportunities, particularly in the face of overlapping
crises.
The report draws from 405 programs across 88 countries, benefiting
over 70 million individuals.
Key highlights of the Report
• Economic Inclusion as a Resilience Tool: Highlighting the
importance of these programs in building resilience during crises.
• Customizing Programs: Focus on tailoring initiatives to diverse
groups, with an emphasis on gender.
• Government Program Design: Examining the role of
governments and collaborations with NGOs and the private sector.
• Climate Resilience: Exploring how programs enhance long-term
climate resilience.
• Emerging Trends: Featuring insights on youth-targeted strategies Data Access:
and the growing role of digital tools. www.peiglobal.org
19
WORLD BANK ANNUAL
REPORT 2024
The annual report,
covers the period from July 1,
2023, to June 30, 2024.
20
World Bank in India
Working Paper Series
India
WPS10967 WPS10927
CAN FACEBOOK ADS PREVENT MALARIA ? CHARACTERIZING GREEN AND
TWO FIELD EXPERIMENTS BROWN EMPLOYMENT
This study uses a cluster randomized India's transition to sustainable development
controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a will impact labor markets and skill demands.
nationwide malaria prevention advertising The Skill Council for Green Jobs identifies
campaign delivered through social media necessary skills for green occupations.
in India. The findings indicate an increase Analyzing 2019-20 labor data, the study
in preventive measures adopted by sample estimates green and brown job sizes,
clusters, which underlines the values of highlights the need for robust labor market
targeted social media campaigns to fulfill monitoring, and underscores the importance
public health goals. of investing in green skills to guide
sustainability transitions.
WPS10960 WPS10886
PRIORITIZING HEAT MITIGATION ACTIONS SPILLING OVER : THE BENEFITS OF PUBLIC
CITIES : A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS UNDER WORKS PROJECTS FOR GROUNDWATER
CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
Groundwater depletion is a critical issue
Extreme heat waves are increasing globally, in India. A study on the Mahatma Gandhi
posing significant health and economic risks. A National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
study on Lucknow, Chennai, and Surat projects (MGNREGA) reveals that constructing surface
a one-third rise in heat-related deaths by 2050 water infrastructure under the program has
and a 2-4% loss in economic output due to increased groundwater levels, particularly
reduced labor productivity. Urban greening in states with numerous projects. This rise in
and heat-health early warning systems are groundwater has boosted irrigation for high-
cost-effective interventions, with the latter value crops and overall dry season irrigation.
offering the highest benefit-to-cost ratio.
21
WPS10978 WPS10964
Poverty Lines and Spatial Differences in the Cost of Yielding Insights : Machine Learning-Driven Imputations
Living to Filling Agricultural Data Gaps
WPS10981 WPS10960
Behaviorally Informed Messages Increase COVID-19 Prioritizing Heat Mitigation Actions in Indian Cities :
Vaccination Intentions : Insights from a Global Meta- A Cost-Benefit Analysis under Climate Change Scenarios
Analysis
WPS10961
WPS10979 How Regulations Impact the Labor Market : A Review of
Reconciling Multi-Level Rights-Based Commitments in the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations
Development : Assessing the Legal and Administrative
Imperatives of Responding to Education, Health Care,
WPS10957
and Environment Protection Challenges Designing Air Quality Measurement Systems in Data-
Scarce Settings
WPS10980
Building Women’s Skills for Economic Inclusion and WPS10958
Resilience Crisis Credit, Employment Protection, Indebtedness,
and Risk
WPS10977
High Tariffs, High Stakes : The Policy Drivers behind Firm- WPS1095
Level Adoption of Green Technologies Fading Away Informality by Development
WPS10974 WPS10955
Resolving Puzzles of Monetary Policy Transmission in Trade Restructuring : Assessing Labor Market and
Emerging Markets Welfare Effects
WPS10975 WPS10954
Maternal Mental Health and Its Influence on Revisiting Public Investment Multipliers : Nonlinear
Children’s Early Development : Evidence from Khyber Effects of the Business Cycle, Fiscal Space, Efficiency,
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Capital Stock
WPS10971 WPS10952
The Timing versus Allocation Trade-off in Politically The Worldwide Governance Indicators : Methodology
Constrained Climate Policies and 2024 Update
WPS10969 WPS10950
Afghanistan’s New Economic Landscape : Using Technological Decoupling ? The Impact on Innovation
Nighttime Lights to Understand the Civilian Economy of US Restrictions on Chinese Firms
after 2021
WPS10949
WPS10966 Digitalization, Remote Work and Firm Resilience :
Perceptions of Economic Mobility and Support for Evidence from the COVID-19 Shock
Education Reforms
WPS10948
WPS10968 Financial Deepening and Carbon Emissions Intensity :
Is There an Underside to Economic Growth ? A Mixed- Evidence from a Global Sample of Countries
Methods Analysis of Malaysia
WPS10947
WPS10965 Household and Firm Exposure to Heat and Floods in
Maximizing Output and Government Revenues from South Asia
Mining in Developing Countries : The Role of Country
Political Risk and Investors’ Return, and Implications for
the Energy Transition WPS10946
Education, Social Norms, and the Marriage Penalty:
Evidence from South Asia
22
World Bank in India
WPS10945 WPS10919
Identifying Growth Accelerations Regenerative Agriculture in Practice : A Review
WPS10943 WPS10918
Taxing for Growth : Revisiting the 15 Percent Threshold Questioning the Climate Change Age Gap
WPS10941 WPS10916
Digitalization and Inclusive Growth : A Review of the How Well Did Real-Time Indicators Track Household
Evidence Welfare Changes in Developing Countries during the
COVID-19 Crisis?
WPS10938
Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative WPS10915
Training on Entrepreneurial Success Generative AI: Catalyst for Growth or Harbinger of
Premature De-Professionalization ?
WPS10937
Domestic Laws and Protectionism in Government WPS10913
Procurement Fiscal Challenges in Small States: Weathering Storms,
Rebuilding Resilience
WPS10933
Find the Fake : Boosting Resistance to Health WPS10911
Misinformation in Jordan with a WhatsApp Chatbot Do Capital Incentives Distort Technology Diffusion ?
Game Evidence on Cloud, Big Data and AI
WPS10931 WPS10907
Using Post-Double Selection Lasso in Field Experiments Hidden Debt Revelations
WPS10930 WPS10908
Disaggregated Impacts of Growth on Multidimensional Identification of an Expanded Inventory of Green Job
Poverty: Does the Source of Growth Matter? Titles through AI-Driven Text Mining
WPS10929 WPS10905
The Financial Premium and Real Cost of Bureaucrats Firm Networks and Global Technology Diffusion
in Businesses
WPS10902
WPS10928 Export-Led Industrial Policy for Developing Countries : Is
Jobless Development There a Way to Pick Winners?
WPS10925 WPS10898
The Division of Revenues from Unexpected Demand Conflict and Firms’ Performance : A Global View
Shocks
WPS10891
WPS10923 The Accumulation and Utilization of Human Capital over
Thirsty Business : A Global Analysis of Extreme the Development Spectrum
Weather Shocks on Firms
WPS10890
WPS10922 Sustaining Poverty Gains : A Vulnerability Map to Guide
Rebating Revenues from Unilateral Emissions Pricing the Expansion of Social Registries
WPS10921 WPS10887
Do More Informed Citizens Make Better Climate Policy How Redistributive Is Fiscal Policy in China? New
Decisions? Evidence on the Distributional Impacts of Taxes and
Spending
WPS10920
It Takes a Village Election : Turnover and Performance
in Local Bureaucracies
23
WPS10886 WPS10878
Spilling Over : The Benefits of Public Works Projects for High-Skilled Migration from Myanmar : Responses to
Groundwater in India Signals of Political and Economic Stabilization
WPS10888 WPS10877
The Mis-Education of Women in Afghanistan : From Wage Public Investment Quality and Its Implications for
Premiums to Economic Losses Sovereign Risk and Debt Sustainability
WPS10884 WPS10876
Refugees and Humanitarian Aid : The Rohingya Impact Rate Cycles
on Bangladesh’s Development
WPS10875
WPS10883 Measuring Social Sustainability : A Multidimensional
A Learning Agenda for Community-Driven Development Approach
: Responding to Complex Contextual, Evaluation, and
Inference Challenges WPS10872
Rate-Based Emissions Trading with Overlapping Policies :
WPS10882 Insights from Theory and an Application to China
Development Acupuncture : The Network Structure of
Multidimensional Poverty and Its Implications
WPS10870
Who on Earth Is Using Generative AI ?
WPS10881
“Crowding In” Effect of Public Investment on Private
Investment Revisited WPS10867
Imputing Poverty Indicators without Consumption Data :
An Exploratory Analysis
WPS10880
What Data-Rich Assessments of Socioeconomic
Inequality and Mobility in Rich Countries Overlook in WPS10866
Poor Countries Outward and Upward Construction : A 3D Analysis of the
Global Building Stock
WPS10879
Learning When Schools Shutdown : Impacts of H1N1 WPS10865
Outbreak on Learning Loss and Learning Gaps Absentee Landlords and Land Tenancy
24
World Bank
in India
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