Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Final Report 1 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Final Report 2 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Table of Contents Figures .............................................................................................................................................................6 Tables ..............................................................................................................................................................7 ABBREVIATION ...............................................................................................................................................8 Executive Summary .........................................................................................................................................10 TAKAITACCEN BAYANI .................................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................21 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.1 Justification for Remedial Works ...................................................................................................21 1.2 Rationale for the Addendum ................................................................................................................... 22 1.3 Objective of the Addendum to ESIA Hadejia 1.0 ....................................................................................... 22 1.4 Methodology for the Process ................................................................................................................23 CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............................................................24 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 24 2.2 Relevant Regulatory Policies in Nigeria ................................................................................................... 24 2.3 Relevant Acts and Legislations ............................................................................................................... 25 2.4 State Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.1 Kano State......................................................................................................................................25 2.5 World Bank’s Safeguards Policies triggered in KRIS ................................................................................. 26 CHAPTER 3: PROJECT AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................27 3.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Overview of TRIMING Project................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.1 Project Component......................................................................................................................27 3.3 Decription of the Project Area: Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) .......................................................... 28 3.4 Overview of Tiga Dam & Its Activities ...................................................................................................... 29 3.4.1 Tiga Dam & Surroundings ............................................................................................................29 3.4.2 Summary of Activities on Tiga Dam and Environs...........................................................................32 3.4.3 History of Cracks Development on Tiga Dam Embankment .............................................................33 3.5 Proposed Remedial Works on Tiga Dam Embankment ............................................................................. 35 CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT AND BASELINE STUDIES .............................38 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 38 Final Report 3 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 4.2 Overview of Project Environment ............................................................................................................ 38 4.2.1 Key Environmental Indicators......................................................................................................38 4.3 Socio-economics for Tiga Town .............................................................................................................. 39 4.3.1 Methodology for the Social Assessment ............................................................................................39 4.4 Physio-chemical Analysis of Environmental Baseline Data ........................................................................ 44 4.4.1 Sampling Methodology ................................................................................................................44 4.4.2 Result Discussion........................................................................................................................44 CHAPTER 5: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ............................................................................................47 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 47 5.2 Stakeholders Profile and Engagement..................................................................................................... 47 5.3 General Stakeholder Consultations ......................................................................................................... 48 5.4 Focus Group Consultations .................................................................................................................... 49 5.4.1 Summary of Open Consultation ....................................................................................................49 5.4.2 Summary of Participants Feedback ...............................................................................................49 CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL IMPACTS & RISKS..................................................................................................51 6.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 51 6.2 Impact Identification............................................................................................................................... 51 6.2.2 Potential Positive Impacts ................................................................................................................53 6.2.3 Potential Negative Impacts...........................................................................................................53 6.3 Labour Influx, GBV Risks and Management Measures ......................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................60 7.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 60 7.2 Environmental and Social Management Organization & Institutional Arrangement ....................................... 60 7.2.3 Institutional Arrangement ..............................................................................................................61 7.3 Overview of the ESMP Matrix ................................................................................................................. 62 7.3.1 ESMP Matrix Phase 1..................................................................................................................63 7.3.2 ESMP Matrix Phase 2..................................................................................................................82 7.4 ESMP Implementation Schedule .......................................................................................................... 83 7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan ........................................................................................................... 84 7.5.1 Reporting Plan ............................................................................................................................84 7.5.2 Record Keeping ..........................................................................................................................85 7.6 Cost of Implementing the ESMP .......................................................................................................... 86 Final Report 4 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...........................................................................87 8.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 87 8.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................................ 87 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................88 ANNEX ...........................................................................................................................................................89 Annex 1: Terms of Reference............................................................................................................................89 Annex 2- E&S Baseline Checklist ........................................................................................................................ 98 Annex 3a: Socio-economics Data ...................................................................................................................... 103 Annex 3b: Graphical Analysis of Socio-economies Data ...................................................................................... 104 Annex 4: Pictures of Project Sites ...................................................................................................................... 109 Annex 5: Attendance Sheet .............................................................................................................................. 111 Annex 6: Data on Water and Soil Analysis.......................................................................................................... 112 Annex 7: Pictures of Consultation ...................................................................................................................... 114 Annex 8 – Waste Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 115 Annex 9 – Occupational Health and Safety Plan ................................................................................................. 117 Annex 10 – Borrow Pit Management Plan (BPMP) .............................................................................................. 119 Annex 11 – Sample Code of Conducts............................................................................................................... 122 Annex 12 – Campsite Management Plan (CMP) ................................................................................................. 127 Annex 13- LMP................................................................................................................................................ 128 Annex 14 –Outline for SMP............................................................................................................................... 134 Annex 15: Report on Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal Cracks on The Crest Of Tiga Dam Embankment In Kano State ...................................................................................................................................................................... 135 Final Report 5 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figures Figure 1: Map of Kano showing Project LGA ..................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2: Map of Kano State showing the LGAs covered by KRIS ............................................................................... 29 Figure 3: An overview of KRIS Layout including Tiga Dam................................................................................ 30 Figure 4: Design Section of Tiga Dam ............................................................................................................... 31 Figure 5: Upstream Slope protected with Riprap ............................................................................................. 31 Figure 6: A Section of the downstream slope of Tiga Dam vegetated with Grass ........................................... 32 Figure 7: Cracks on Tiga Dam Crest.................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 8: A section of the Dam Crest showing remedial works on the Cracks ................................................. 33 Figure 9: Plan View of the Downstream Slope, Tiga Dam ................................................................................ 37 Figure 10: Infested Borrow Pit with Typha Grass.............................................................................................. 39 Figure 11: Borrow Pit infested with Typha Grass and Water ........................................................................... 39 Figure 12: Impact Assessment Methodology .................................................................................................... 51 Final Report 6 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Tables Table 1: Stakeholder Groups.............................................................................................................................. 23 Table 2: WB Safeguard Policies Triggered by sub-project activities at Tiga Dam (KRIS)..................................... 26 Table 3: TRIMING Components and Sub-component ....................................................................................... 27 Table 4: Basic Features of Tiga Dam .................................................................................................................. 30 Table 5: Summary of Dam Crack Statistical ...................................................................................................... 34 Table 6: Summary of Socio-economics at Bebeji LGA ....................................................................................... 41 Table 7: Summary of Vulnerable Groups in Tiga Town..................................................................................... 42 Table 8: Assessment of Surface Water .............................................................................................................. 45 Table 9: Assessment of Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 45 Table 10: Consultation with KRIS Project Office ............................................................................................... 48 Table 11: Consultation with Primary Stakeholders........................................................................................... 48 Table 12: Summary of FGC in Communities ...................................................................................................... 50 Table 13: Impact Sensitivity ............................................................................................................................... 51 Table 14: Potential Consequence Classification ................................................................................................ 52 Table 15: Degree of Impact Significance .................................................................................................................. 52 Table 16 Impact Assessment Matrix .................................................................................................................... 52 Table 17: Potential Environmental Impacts ...................................................................................................... 54 Table 18: Potential Social & OHS Impacts ......................................................................................................... 55 Table 19 Kano State laws & policies for GBV response .................................................................................... 58 Table 20: Institutional Responsibilities ............................................................................................................. 61 Table 21 ESMP & Monitoring Plan for Phase 1 ...................................................................................................... 63 Table 22: ESMP & Monitoring Plan for Phase 2..................................................................................................... 82 Table 23 ESMP Implementation Schedule ................................................................................................................ 83 Table 24 Monitoring Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 84 Table 25 Reporting Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 85 Table 26 Cost for the Implementation of ESMP ......................................................................................................... 86 Final Report 7 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works ABBREVIATION ADPs: Agricultural Developmental Projects ATA: Agricultural Transformation Agenda CADA: Commercial Agriculture Development Associations CBD: Conservation on Biological Diversity CBO’s: Community Based Organizations CMO: Conservation of Migratory Species EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF: Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMO: Environmental and Social Management Organization ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization FEPA: Federal Environmental Protection Agency FGD: Focus Group Discussion FGN: Federal Government of Nigeria FMENV: Federal Ministry of Environment FMWR: Federal Ministry of Water Resources FRSC: Federal Road Safety Corps GPS: Global Positioning System GRM: Grievance Redress Mechanism GSM: Global Services for Mobile HAP: Health Action Plan HEP: Hydroelectric Power HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HJKYB: Hadejia-Jama’are-Komadugu-Yobe basin HNW: Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands HOD Head of Department HSE: Health Safety and Environment ILO-OHSMS: International Labour Organization - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems ILO: International Labour Organization IPM: Integrated Pest Management IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature JSME: Jigawa State Ministry of Environment KEDCO: Kano State Electricity Distribution Company KNARDA: Kano Agriculture and Rural Development Authority KRIS: Kano River Irrigation Scheme KRISMO: Kano River Irrigation Scheme Management Office KRISO: Kano River Irrigation Project KSG: Kano State Government LGA: Local Government Area MC: Main Canal MDA’s: Ministries, Departments and Agencies NCWR: National Council on Water Resources NEMSA: Nigeria Electricity Management Service Agency NESREA: National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency NGO’s: Non-Governmental Organizations NIMET: Nigerian Meteorological Agency NIPS: National Irrigation Policy and Strategy NIWA: National Inland Waterways Authority NIWRNC: Nigeria Integrated Water Resources Commission Final Report 8 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works NPC: National Population Commission NTCWR: National Technical Committee on Water Resources NWRI: National Water Resources Institute NWRMP: National Water Resource Master Plan O&M: Operation and Maintenance OHS: Operational Health and Safety OHSMS: Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems OP: Operational Policy PAP’s: Project Affected Persons PDO: Project Development Objective PHC Primary Healthcare Facility PM: Project Manager PMP: Pest Management Plan PMU: Project Management Unit PPP: Public Private Partnership RAP: Resettlement Action Plan RBDA: River Basin Development Agency REMASAB: Refuse Management and Sanitation Board RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework RUWASA: Rural Water Supply and Sanitation SEPA: State Environmental Protection Agency SHF Secondary Healthcare Facility SME: State Ministry of Environment SMS Short Message Service STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection TBD: To Be Determined TRIMING: Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria Project VES: Vehicle Exhaust Screening WRSSP: Water supply Sector Support Programme VET: Vehicle Emission Testing WBC: West Branch Canal WUA: Water Users Association Final Report 9 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Executive Summary ES 1 INTRODUCTION The Federal Government of Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Water Resources with support from the World Bank is implementing the TRIMING Project, a seven-year program with a credit of US$495.3 million from the International Development Association. In 2015, TRIMING Project proposed rehabilitation works for the entire irrigation scheme and drainage improvement including Tiga Dam which had series of rehabilitation works. As part of the Operational Policy of the World Bank and consistent with Nigeria EIA Act CFN 2004, these rehabilitation works were screened and rated as Category A Project, which led to the development of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Kano River Irrigation Scheme and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme1.. This ESIA was completed and disclosed in January 2017 (hereinafter refer to as ESIA Hadejia 1.0). All these proposed works are documented in the ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of the dam due to inadequate design, construction and visible deterioration of embankment as reported by several companies and consultants. These concerns were further confirmed in 2020 through to 2022, when TRIMING Project was notified by Sinohydro Corporation Ltd of lateral cracks on the Embankment crest of Tiga Dam, which was also confirmed by the Staff of River Basin. Consequently, some improvements and upgrades were recommended by the Technical Committee2 amongst include treatment of longitudinal cracks, restore downstream slope ratio, and improve downstream slope drainage and other ancillary activities. These remedial works will further ensure dam safety. The proposed remedial works are quite different from the initial rehabilitation works as documented in ESIA Hadejia 1.0 and these remedial activities possess some risks and impacts as identified in the screening report 3. Consequently, the Project needs to re-assess some aspects of the remedial works that are considered new risks/impacts that were not assessed in the ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Purpose of this Addendum The purpose of this ESIA Addendum is to provide updated information and assessment such as additional studies, impact assessments, mitigation and management plans regarding the remedial works for Tiga Dam. This Addendum focuses on risks/impacts that were not covered in the ESIA Hadejia 1.0 in particular works associated with treatment of cracks on Tiga Dam Embankment and downstream slope. Therefore, this Addendum should be read in conjunction with the ESIA Hadejia 1.0 and supporting documents such as the Technical Reports for Tiga Dam Crack Treatment prepared by Contractor, Environmental and Social Management Framework for TRIMING and Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal on the Crest of Tiga Dam ES 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK As outlined in ESIA Hadejia 1.0, there are no new changes with respect to the identified relevant Nigerian environmental regulations and legal instruments including the World Bank Operational Policies. Further details are illustrated in the Chapter 2. ES: PROJECT AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION The proposed remedial works on Tiga Dam Embankment are within the Kano River Irrigation Scheme. KRIS is located about 30km southwest of Kano, the capital city of Kano State. KRIS covers Bunkure, Kura, Rano, Bebeji and Garun Mallam LGAs as seen in figure 1 below. 1 ESIA for HJR Sub-Basin with KRIS and HVIS 2 Draft Report On Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal Cracks on The Crest Of Tiga Dam Embankment, Kano State 3 Screening Report for Remedial Works in Tiga Dam Final Report 10 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 1: Map of Kano showing Project LGA It is located downstream of Tiga Dam and this dam serves the KRIS via the Ruwan Kanya operation reservoir downstream of a feeder canal from Tiga Dam. The area is of hilly/rocky and undulating topography. The scheme is divided into two phases; the first phase was originally designed with a capacity of 22,000 ha of land, out of which 13,890 ha have been fully developed. Main Irrigation Infrastructures in KRIS consist: • Tiga Dam and reservoir • Main canal (MC) system – including the Ruwan Kanya Dam and Reservoir. • East Branch Canal (EBC) system with 3 sectors • West Branch Canal (WBC) system with 29 sectors (27 constructed) Tiga Dam falls within Bebeji LGA, one of the five LGA covered by KRIS. The dam is a zoned earth dam with a wide clay core wall. The dam was constructed with permeable weathered soil in both the upstream and downstream shells, with slope ratios of 1:3 for the upstream side and 1:2.5 for the downstream side. In 2017, the rehabilitation of the dam commenced including asphalt surface dressing of the dam crest which was completed by 2020. However, from September to October 2022 numerous longitudinal cracks began to appear on the asphalt surface of the dam crest. According to the Technical Report4 these cracks occur parallel to the centerline of the asphaltic pavement or laydown direction, which could have been caused due to shrinkage of the asphalt, poorly constructed joints, poor paver operation, or reflective cracking (cracks from a deeper layer). The remedial activities covered within the Addendum ESIA include assessment of: A. Repair and Seal Existing Cracks B. Restore the Downstream Slope Ratio: C. Improve the Downstream Slope Toe Drainage: 4 Technical Report for Tiga Dam Longitudinal Crack Treatment Final Report 11 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Due to the high dam body, short contract period, large earth filling and low efficiency of dam slope filling construction, these activities have been segmented into two phases. Further details on the sub-activities for the treatment of cracks on Tiga Dam Embankment are presented in Chapter 3 of this report. ES 4: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENT & BASELINE The assessment of impacts within this Addendum ESIA include the study of physical components, biological components, and socio-economic components. Physical Components The baseline studies found that Tiga Dam and associated facilities are located in open Sudan Savannah woodland vegetation of Nigeria. Also characterized with the pattern of rainfall, temperature and humidity within the northern region of the nation. With the relatively tropical weather, the land is arable and supports the cultivation of many crops, which includes tomato, onion, pepper, groundnut, cowpea, millet, sorghum etc. Residual trees, shrubs, and aquatic vegetation/weeds were also found within the project area. The Baseline assessment of ambient air quality for eight sites met the national standards including noise conditions. Soil analysis conducted shows that all the elements analysed for are all within the Nigeria FMEnv limits except for Nitrate and Phosphate which are above the standard limit. This may not be unrelated to the agricultural activities within the project area. Surface and Groundwater analysis: the analysis of surface water for coliform group of bacteria shows the heavy presence of Total Coliform (T. Coliform), Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Salmonella. T.Coliform and other heavy metals which points to the fact that there is lots of domestic activities and defecating into the river body while groundwater analysis shows a healthy concentration of elements analysed and ideal for human consumption and domestic use. Detailed analysis can be found in annex 6 of the report. Biological Components: Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Grey Heron (Ardca cineria), White-faced whistling duck (Deridrocygna vidnata, Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes, Quella birds) Environmental Baseline of Intervention Area (Tiga Dam) During the Environmental Baseline Assessment, issues observed include the following: • Presence of borrow pits around the intervention area • Rock blast activities at Tiga dam due to installation of hydro power plant caused damages to the Tiga dam manager’s office, Tiga main canal and its surrounding. • Longitudinal cracks on the dam embankment with overgrown weeds on both the upstream and downstream slope • Presence of few weeds on the edge of the dam • Pest management concerns and the unsafe use of Agricultural chemicals within the project area e.g. herbicides, pesticides have been over-exploited • Debris in the main-canal with movement of stones and debris as a result of possible seepage Socioeconomics Baseline for Intervention Area The following issues were observed under the Social Baseline Assessment: • Competition for the surface water between the legally identified water users, water siphoners (mostly upland farmers )including herdsmen • Non-compliance to set agreements between Fishermen and River Basin Development Authority • Poor coordination between institutions who have the statutory responsibilities for managing water resources in the HJKY basin • Significant O&M problems especially as regard access road for movement of farmers goods Final Report 12 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Non-inclusion of fisherman (Upstream and Downstream) concerns by RBDA especially as regard blasting of the rocks, integrity of dam embankment, maintenance of main-canals and tidal waves movement ES 5: Stakeholders Consultation Consultations with the stakeholders were carried out throughout the process of preparation of the ESIA including focus group consultation (26th – 28th September 2024) for this addendum. Three major levels of consultations carried out as outlined below including series of feedback meetings carried out) where inputs, and concerns were addressed by the relevant stakeholders. Level Overview of Consultation Level 1 Consultations with the Environmental & Social Unit of Kano River Irrigation Scheme Office (KRISO) Level 2 Focal Group Discussions with Farmers in both Upstream and Downstream of the Dam including fishermen group. Members of the communities located within Bebeji LGA such as Tiga Town, Gwarmai, Ranian, Katsalle and Kuki town. Level 3 Consultations with Tiga Dam Project Manager, Supervising Consultant of Tiga Dam and design Engineers for the treatment of the cracks. Detailed information from the consultations is documented in Chapter 5 of this report. Few feedbacks from consultations can be seen below: Stakeholder Concerns/Response Upstream Farmers Concerns: they requested that the cracks should be done properly and quickly for around Tiga Dam adequate access routes for their goods Response: Representatives from KRISO assured the farmers that the necessary works will soon commence shortly after this studies and their concerns for access route will be delivered to the Project Manager of Tiga Dam Fishermen (KRIS) Concerns: They also complain that RBDA do not take their concerns into consideration especially as regard the dam embankment Response: The ESIA team assured the fishermen that the study will proffer mitigation measures in the addendum. Their concerns would be related to the appropriate office ES 6: RISKS AND IMPACTS Impact assessments and the associated level of significance considered the likelihood and magnitude of the environmental or social impact, its geographical scale, and duration in relation to the sensitivity of key receptors and resources. Criteria for assessing the significance of impacts are based on a combination of: determination of magnitude and receptor sensitivity to determine severity, and then combining assessment of severity with the assessment of impact likelihood to assign an impact significance level. Below are some of the beneficial and negative impacts that were identified associated with the remedial works Beneficial impacts Environment • Reduced risk of flooding and improve flow regime • Improvements in dam infrastructure, dam safety, canal monitoring and overall dam operations, management and maintenance (OMM). Social • Increase in employment opportunities • Improve livelihood for farmers and fishermen • Increase in demand for local produce • Construction of new roads and rehabilitation of the old ones will improve the transportation system Final Report 13 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Potential Negative impacts Environment • Contamination and infiltration of surface water with geotextile materials, oil, discharge of sediment runoff. • Increase in pathogenic water coliform bacteria as a result of indiscriminate defecation into drainages, main canals, surface water and other water channels • Increases demand for potable water • Abandoned borrow pits and hotspots for waste dumpsite, pathways for vector multiplication and • Land degradation • Release of fugitive and cement dust likely to exceed limits by FMEnv • Noise level within the project area which might exceed the FMEnv tolerance level of 70 Db • Increase in waste generation from the removal of asphalt, debris on the crest, clearance of vegetation (grasses, shrubs, trees) and sediments along the downstream slope • Pollution of the reservoir water from on-site waste • risks of accidents/incident (e.g drowning, fall from height etc) associated with occupational hazards • Flood risk in the event of dam failure due to impact on the structural integrity after intervention Social • Likelihood of increase in spread of communicable diseases, STI and STD • Increase in demand on social facilities and infrastructure e.g healthcare facilities, transportation, communication etc. • Risk of social conflict between local communities and contractors • Increase in insecurity and work-related accidents • Gender based violence as a result of culture difference • Increased opportunities for the host community may lead to child labour • Interruption and reduction of water supply during civil works which will affect their farming activities • Grievance among the water users as a result of improper communication/ awareness prior to temporary disruption of water supply ES 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) The ESMP Matrix as seen in Table 21 and 22 took cognizant of the work methodology as proposed by the Contractor, in which the sub-activities are segmented into two phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Consequently, impacts and corresponding mitigation measures would occur at different times. Thus, the ESMP Matrix have been phased into two (see chapter seven) with the appropriate responsible parties. Cost of Implementing the ESMP Matrix In view of the work methodology outlined by the Contractor in implementing the sub-activities in two phases, the overall total estimated cost to effectively implement the mitigation and monitoring measures recommended in the ESMP Matrix for both Phases is N98, 250,442 as seen in chapter seven and the table below. The cost of mitigation for Phase 1 is N41, 199,694 while Phase 2 is N32, 049,194, these costs should be included in the contract as part of the implementation cost by the Contractor Summary of Cost for Implementing ESMP Matrix Item Responsibility Cost Estimate in Naira (N) Phase 1 Mitigation Contractor 41,199,694 Monitoring KRIS E&S Team 11,976,027 Sub-total for Phase 1 53,175,721 Final Report 14 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Phase 2 Mitigation Contractor 32,049,194 Monitoring KRIS E&S Team 11,025,527 Sub-total for Phase 2 43,074,721 GRM Operation State Safeguard Team, WUAs 2,000,000 OVERALL ESTIMATED 98,250,442 COST Final Report 15 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works TAKAITACCEN BAYANI ES1: GABATARWA Gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya, ta hanyar ma'aikatar albarkatun ruwa ta tarayya tare da tallafi daga Bankin Duniya, na aiwatar da shirin TRIMING, shiri na tsawon shekaru guda bakwai da rancen dala miliyan 495.3 daga Kungiyar Taimakon Ci gaban Kasa da Kasa (IDA). Tun daga shekarar 2015, shirin TRIMING yana tallafawa, daidaita, da kuma kula da ayyukan gina da gyara don inganta gudanar da albarkatun ruwa cikin hadin gwiwa a cikin shirin shayar da gona guda biyar da ke cikin kundayen koguna guda uku a Arewacin Najeriya, wato; Shirin shayar da gona na Bakolori; Shirin shayar da gona na Tsakanin Kogin Roma; Shirin shayar da gona na Kogin Kano (KRIS); Shirin shayar da gona na Hadejia Valley (HVIS) da Shirin shayar da gona na Dadin Kowa. A cikin shekarar 2017, shirin ya fara ayyukan gyaran fuska a cikin KRIS, inda aka gudanar da wasu ayyukan gyara a Tiga Dam domin inganta tasirin Dam ɗin a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin aiki na Bankin Duniya, tare da daidaitawa da Dokar Muhalli ta Najeriya (EIA Act CFN 2004). Wadannan ayyukan an tantance su kuma an sanya su a matsayin aikin rukuni na A, wanda ya kai ga ci gaban yin nazarin tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa (ESIA). An kammala ESIA ɗin kuma an bayyana shi a watan Janairu na shekarar 2017 (wanda daga nan za a kira shi ESIA Hadejia 1.0). Manufar Wannan Karin Bayani Manufar wannan karin bayani ita ce don samar da sabbin bayanai da ƙarin kimantawa, kamar ƙarin bincike, kimantawar tasiri, da shirye-shiryen rage tasiri da kula da ayyukan gyaran da za a yi wa Tiga Dam. Wannan karin bayani yana mai da hankali kan batutuwan da sakamakon kimantawar ESIA Hadejia 1.0 game da yiwuwar tasiri ya samu canji mai yawa sakamakon gyaran ƙaryewar dake kan Tiga Dam. A inda ba a sami canji ba a cikin tasirin da aka kimanta, ba a buƙatar ƙarin kimantawa, kuma tasirin da aka hasashe zai ci gaba da kasancewa iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka kammala a cikin ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Saboda haka, wannan karin bayani ya kamata a karanta tare da ESIA Hadejia 1.0 da sauran takardun goyon baya kamar rahotannin fasaha na gyaran ƙaryewar Tiga Dam da kamfanin Sinohydro Ltd, tsarin gudanar da muhalli da zamantakewa na TRIMING, da gyaran gaggawa na tsawon layin kan saman Tiga Dam. ES2: MANUFAR DOKOKI, SHARUDDAN SHARI'A, DA TSARIN ADMINISTIRASI Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ESIA Hadejia 1.0, babu wani canji sabo game da dokokin muhalli na Najeriya da kayan aikin shari'a da aka gano, har da manufofin aiki na Bankin Duniya. Karin bayani akan wannan yana cikin babi na 2. ES: BAYANIN AYYUKAN SHIRIN DA TSARI Ana shirin gudanar da ayyukan gyaran fuska a kan Tiga Dam a cikin shirin shayar da gona na Kogin Kano (KRIS). KRIS yana a kusan kilomita 30 kudu maso yammacin Kano, babban birnin Jihar Kano. KRIS yana rufe kananan hukumomi guda biyar, wato Bunkure, Kara, Rank, Bebeji, da Garun Mallam, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto mai zuwa. Final Report 16 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works KRIS yana ƙasa da Tiga Dam, wanda ke samar da ruwa ga shirin shayar da gona ta hanyar ruwan Kanya, wanda yake cikin babban tafkin ruwa na kasa, wanda ke karkashin ruwan kwararar ruwan shayarwa daga Tiga Dam. Yankin yana da yanayi mai duwatsu/rokoki da kuma tudu-tudu. Shirin yana da matakai guda biyu; mataki na farko an tsara shi ne da ƙarfin shayar da gona a fili guda 22,000ha, daga ciki 13,890ha sun riga sun kasance cikin cikakken ci gaba. Babban gine-ginen shayar da gona a cikin KRIS sun ha ɗa da: Tiga Dam da tafkin ruwa • Tsarin babban ruwan shayarwa (Main Canal MC), wanda ya haɗa da Ruwan Kanya Dam da tafkin ruwa • Tsarin ruwan shayarwa na reshen gabas (East Branch Canal EBC) tare da sassa 3 • Tsarin ruwan shayarwa na reshen yamma (West Branch Canal WBC) tare da sassa 29 (27 an gina su). Tiga Dam na cikin Karamar Hukumar Bebeji, daya daga cikin Karamar Hukumomin guda biyar da KRIS ke kula da su. Dam din na da tsarin kasa mai laushi tare da bango na laka mai fadi a tsakiya. An gina dam din ne da ƙasa mai sha ruwa da aka lalace, a bangarorin sama da ƙasa, tare da ƙididdigar kusurwa na 1:3 a gefen sama da 1:2.5 a gefen ƙasa. A cikin shekarar 2017, an fara aikin gyaran dam din wanda ya ha ɗa da shafa farantin asfalto a saman dam din, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2020. Duk da haka, daga watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba 2022, wasu manyan tsage-tsage na dogon layi sun fara bayyana a saman farantin asfalto na saman dam din. Waɗannan tsage-tsagen suna bayyana cikin layi daya da tsakiya ko kuma a cikin hanyar da aka shafa asfalto, wanda hakan na iya zama sakamakon ƙarin ƙarfin asfalto, h aɗin gwiwar da ba a gina shi da kyau ba, rashin kyawun aiki da masu shafa, ko kuma tsagewar da ke fitowa daga cikin ƙasa mai zurfi. Ayyukan gyaran da aka haɗa cikin ƙarin bayanin ESIA sun haɗa da kimanta: • Gyara da rufe tsage-tsagen da ke akwai • Sake dawo da ƙididdigar kusurwa na gefen ƙasa • Inganta drain na ƙasa a gefen ƙasa Cikakkun bayanai kan ayyukan gyara da ƙananan ayyukan da za a yi don magance tsage -tsagen a kan dam din Tiga suna cikin babi na 3 na wannan rahoton. Final Report 17 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works ES 4: BAYANI GAME DA MUHALLIN AYYUKAN DA KAYAN GINA JIKI Binciken tasirin ayyuka a cikin wannan ƙarin bayanin ESIA ya haɗa da nazarin abubuwan jiki, na halittu, da na zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki. Abubuwan Jiki Binciken tushen muhalli ya nuna cewa Dam din Tiga da sauran kayan aikin da suka shafi shi suna cikin gandun daji na savannah na Sudan a Najeriya. Hakanan, wannan yankin yana da yanayin ruwan sama, zafi, da danshi na arewacin ƙasar. Tare da yanayin ciyawar da aka saba, ƙasar tana da amfani don noma kuma tana ta llafawa aikin noma na amfanin gona da dama, ciki har da tumatir, albasa, barkono, gyada, waken garin saniya, gero, da shinkafa, da sauransu. Hakanan, an samu itatuwa, bishiyoyi, da kuma kayan lambu na ruwa/kazami a cikin yankin aikin. Binciken tushen ingancin iska a wurare takwas ya nuna cewa yana cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa ciki har da yanayin hayaniya. Nazarin ƙasa da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa dukkanin sinadarai da aka bincika suna cikin iyakokin hukumar FMEnv ta Najeriya, sai dai Nitrate da Phosphate waɗanda ke sama da iyakar ƙa'idar. Wannan na iya zama saboda ayyukan noma da ake gudanarwa a cikin yankin aikin. Binciken Ruwa na Sama da Kasa: Binciken ruwa na sama don gano ƙungiyar bacteria na coliform ya nuna cewa akwai yawa sosai na coliform gaba ɗaya (T. Coliform), Escherichia coli (E. Coli), da Salmonella. T. Coli da sauran wasu karafa masu nauyi sun nuna cewa akwai yawancin ayyukan gida da kuma zubar da fitsari a cikin ruwan kogin, yayin da binciken ruwa na ƙasa ya nuna cewa ƙasar tana da ma'aunin sinada rai mai kyau wanda ya dace da amfani na ɗan adam da kuma ayyukan gida. Cikakken bincike na wannan yana cikin annexe na 6 na rahoton. • Abubuwan Halittu • Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) • Grey Heron (Ardea cineria) • White-faced Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna viduata) • Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus) • Quella Birds Binciken Muhalli na Tiga Dam: • A cikin binciken tushen muhalli, wasu matsalolin da aka lura da su sun ha ɗa da: • Samuwar ramin hakowa a cikin shirin inda masu kwangila ke hakar laterite. • Ayyukan fashewar duwatsu a Tiga Dam sakamakon shigar da tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa wanda ya haifar da lalacewar ofishin manajan Dam din Tiga, babban ruwan Tiga da kuma kewaye da shi. • Tsage-tsagen dogon layi a kan dam din da ƙasa mai yawa na ciyawa a kan ƙasan sama da ƙasan ƙasa. • Samuwar ciyawa kaɗan a gefen Dam. • Matsalolin kula da kwari da kuma amfani da sinadarai na noma da ba su da lafiya a cikin yankin aikin, misali, herbicides da pesticides da aka yi amfani da su fiye da kima. • Gubobin ƙasa a cikin babban ruwan Tiga tare da motsin duwatsu da gubobi a sakamakon yiwuwar shigar ruwa. Binciken Zamantakewa da Tattalin Arziki na Tiga Dam : • A cikin binciken tushen zamantakewar al'umma, an lura da wasu matsaloli kamar haka: • Gasara akan ruwa na sama tsakanin masu amfani da ruwa na doka, masu zubar da ruwa (mafi yawan su manoman da ke kan tsaunuka) da kuma makiyaya. Final Report 18 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Rashin bin ƙa'idojin yarjejeniyar da aka cimma tsakanin 'yan kifi da Hukumar Ci gaban Hanyar Kogin. • Rashin kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin hukumomin da ke da alhakin kula da albarkatun ruwa a yanki HJKY. • Matsaloli masu yawa na kula da aiki da gyara (O&M), musamman a cikin maganar hanyoyin samun damar jigilar kayan manoma. • Rashin haɗa damuwar masu kifin (a saman da ƙasa) daga RBDA, musamman g ame da fashewar duwatsu, lafiyar dam din, kula da manyan ruwan sha da kuma tasirin gungun ruwa. ES5: Tattaunawar Masu Ruwa da Tsaki An gudanar da tattaunawa da masu ruwa da tsaki ta hanyar shirya ESIA wanda ya ha ɗa da tattaunawar rukuni (26 ga Satumba - 28 ga Satumba 2024) don wannan ƙarin bayani. An gudanar da matakai guda uku na tattaunawa kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da jerin tarukan ra'ayi inda aka tattauna da amsa shawarwari da damuwar masu ruwa da tsaki na musamman. Level Overview of Consultation Mataki daya Tattataunawa da sashen muhalli da zamantokewa na ofishin tsarin ban ruwa na kogin kano (KRISO) Mataki na Tattaunawar rukunin masu ruwa da tsaki tare da manoma a cikin yankunan sama da ƙasa biyun na dam ɗin, har da ƙungiyar masu kamun kifi, da mambobin al'ummomin da ke cikin karamar hukumar Bebeji, kamar garin Tiga, Gwarmai, Ranian, Katsalle da Kuki. Mataki na uku Tattaunawa da manajan aikin Tiga Dam, mai ba da shawara kan kula da aikin Tiga Dam, da injiniyoyin zane don magance barazanar fissures (gurɓatattun rami). Cikakkun bayanai daga tattaunawar an rubuta su a cikin babi na 5 na wannan rahoton. Wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aka samu daga tattaunawar za a iya gani a ƙasa. Stakeholder Concerns/Response Manoman da ke a cikin Damuwar: Sun nemi a gyara barazanar fissures (gur ɓatattun rami) yadda ya yankin sama na Dam kamata kuma cikin sauri domin samun ingantattun hanyoyin jigilar kayansu. ɗin Tiga. Martani: Wakilan KRISO sun tabbatar wa da manoman cewa aikin da ya kamata za a fara shi nan ba da jimawa ba bayan kammala wannan bincike, kuma damuwarsu game da hanyoyin jigilar kayansu za a isar da ita ga manajan aikin Tiga Dam. Masu kamun kifi (KRIS) Damuwar: Suna kuma kukan cewa RBDA ba ta dauki damuwarsu cikin la'akari, musamman game da ƙaƙƙarfan ginin dam ɗin. Martani: Tawagar ESIA ta tabbatar wa da masu kamun kifi cewa binciken zai ba da shawarwarin hanyoyin irigason a cikin ƙarin bayanin. Za a tura damuwarsu zuwa ofishin da ya dace. ES6: HADARI DA TASIRI Binciken tasiri da kuma matakin muhimmancinsa sun yi la’akari da yiwuwar da girman tasirin muhalli ko na zamantakewa. Hakanan, an duba girman yankin da kuma tsawon lokacin tasirin dangane da jinƙai na masu karɓa da albarkatu masu muhimmanci. Ka’idoji na ta ntance muhimmancin tasiri sun dogara ne akan ha ɗakar da kimanta girman tasiri da jinƙan masu karɓa don tantance tsanani, sannan a ha ɗa wannan kimanta tsanani da kimanta yiwuwar tasiri don bayar da matakin muhimmancin tasiri. Manyan hadarurruka da tasirin muhalli da na zamantakewa mai amfani daga ayyukan gyara sun yi kama da waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin ESIA Hadejia 1.0 Final Report 19 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works ES7: SHIRIN KULAWA DA TSARE-TASARE NA MUHALLI DA ZAMANTAKEWA (ESMP) An sabunta matrix na ESMP da aka tsara don ESIA Hadejia 1.0 don ha ɗa ƙididdigar kuɗi don rage haɗari da sa ido kan haɗarin da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa (Hydro power station). Wasu matakan gudanarwa don rage tasirin negatifi da kuma tasiri: • RBDA ya kamata ta hada kai da masu kamun kifi domin tabbatar da dorewar ginin ƙaƙƙarfan dam ɗin Tiga. • Ayyukan tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa (Hydro power station) ya kamata manajan aikin ya sanya ido a kai domin tabbatar da kyawawan dabi'u da tsare-tsaren muhalli masu lafiya. • Akwai bukatar a tanadi akwatunan koke-koke tare da rubutun a cikin harsunan gida a ofishin manajan aikin. Final Report 20 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Federal Government of Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Water Resources with support from the World Bank is implementing the TRIMING Project, a seven-year program with a credit of US$495.3 million from the International Development Association. The TRIMING Project since 2015 has been supporting, coordinating and supervising the constructions and rehabilitation activities towards integrated water resource management in five irrigation schemes located in three river basins within Northern Nigeria namely: Bakolori Irrigation Scheme; Middle Rima Valley Irrigation Scheme; Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS); Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) and Dadin Kowa Irrigation Scheme. In 2017, the project commenced the rehabilitation activities within KRIS, of which Tiga Dam had series of rehabilitation works in order to enhance the effectiveness of the dam. As part of the Operational Policy of the World Bank and consistent with Nigeria EIA Act CFN 2004, these activities were screened and rated as Category A Project, which led to the development of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. The ESIA was completed and disclosed in January 2017 (hereinafter refer to as ESIA Hadejia 1.0) 1.1.1 Justification for Remedial Works Around September 2020, TRIMING Project was notified by Sinohydro Corporation Ltd of lateral cracks on the Embankment crest of Tiga Dam, which was also confirmed by the River Basin Staff. It was reported that the crack (measuring: length-30 meters, width- around 10 cm, visible depth-60cm) was observed 200 meters away from the left outlet of Tiga dam. This became the second crack observed since the retrofitting works of the Penstock by Messrs. Skipper Nigeria Ltd. Sequel to devastating flood incident witnessed between September-October 2022 especially within the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin, new longitudinal cracks were reported by Department of Dams and Reservoir Operations in November 2022 and TRIMNG Projects in December 2022. A technical committee was authorized to inspect the above concerns and report5 observations with the following objectives below • Identify the causes of the longitudinal cracks (analysis of Geophysical and Geotechnical reports, soil analyses, reports of remedial works from Contractor.s). Considering factors such as dam material properties, foundation conditions, the entire dam drainage system, the embankment configuration, construction practices, and environmental factors including. • Assess the stability of the dam, existing condition, evaluate the risks posed by the cracks including potential failure modes and their consequences. • Propose appropriate rehabilitation measures to address the identified issues and mitigate risks associated with the longitudinal cracks. • Develop a comprehensive plan outlining the recommended rehabilitation works, including detailed design requirements, construction timeline, and estimated costs. One of objectives above was to investigate the root causes of the dam cracks and to propose remedial works. Subsequently, about 11 typical crack development zones were identified using probe pit, geophysical and geotechnical surveys. In order to treat these cracks, a set of integrated remedial measures were proposed, including repair and sealing of existing cracks, restoration of the downstream slope ratio and improvement of the drainage system. 5 Report on Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal Cracks on the Crest Of Tiga Dam Embankment, Kano State Final Report 21 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works As the project ends in 2025, Dam Operations Improvement and Safety have become utmost important for the sustainability of Tiga Dam. Hence, TRIMING Project has approved further remedial works in Tiga Dam within KRIS. 1.2 Rationale for the Addendum As earlier stated, in 2017 the project embarked on rehabilitation works within KRIS and HVIS including civil works on Tiga Dam and sundry as documented in ESIA Hadejia 1.0. also referred to as “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) For the Hadejia Jama'are Sub-Basin with Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) and the Associated Cumulative Impacts�. This report was comprehensive and also covered potential risks impacts associated with works around Tiga Dam. However, over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of the dam due to inadequate design, construction and visible deterioration of embankment as reported by several companies and consultants. These concerns were further confirmed in 2020 through to 2022, when TRIMING Project was notified by Sinohydro Corporation Ltd of lateral cracks on the Embankment crest of Tiga Dam, which was also confirmed by the Staff of River Basin. Assessment conducted by Messrs. NESPAK and confirmed by the Project Technical Committee revealed additional works are required to protect the Scheme and avoid the emerging environmental degradation. In order to treat these cracks, a set of integrated remedial measures were proposed, including repair and sealing of existing cracks, restoration of the downstream slope ratio and improvement of the drainage system. These remedial works will further ensure dam safety and mitigate possible risks from identified cracks. Consequently, the Project needs to re-assess some aspects of the remedial works that are considered new risks/impacts that were not assessed in the ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Furthermore, according to EIA Act CAP LFN 2004, an assessment done within a span of seven years and within the project site requires an UPDATE OF THE ASSESSMENT AND NOT A FRESH EIA. Hence, the need for this addendum to ESIA Hadejia 1.0 1.3 Objective of the Addendum to ESIA Hadejia 1.0 The objective of this Addendum is to provide updated information and assessment such as additional studies, impact assessments, mitigation and management plans regarding the remedial works for Tiga Dam. This Addendum focuses on issues where the conclusions of the ESIA Hadejia 1.0 regarding potential impacts are significantly affected by the treatment of cracks on Tiga Dam Embankment. Where there is considered to be no change in the assessed impacts, no further assessment is required and potential impacts remain the same as concluded in the ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Therefore, this Addendum should be read in conjunction with the ESIA Hadejia 1.0 and supporting documents such as the Technical Reports for Tiga Dam Crack Treatment prepared by Contractor, Environmental and Social Management Framework for TRIMING and Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal on the Crest of Tiga Dam. Final Report 22 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 1.4 Methodology for the Process A. This addendum utilized various reports prepared for TRIMING Project for the schemes, which includes: Operation & Manual for Tiga Dam; Technical Report for Tiga Dam Cracks Treatment; Feasibility studies for the schemes, the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); ESIA Hadejia 1.0; Project Appraisal Document etc. B. Baseline assessment and stakeholder consultations were very critical to this Addendum. Baseline assessment of KRIS was carried out in order to gain an understanding of the scheme whilst comparing the ambient conditions (physical, biological and social) with the proposed remedial works. The stakeholders consulted were categorized into two (2) broad groups: • Primary stakeholder-Groups that will be affected directly from the remedial works and; • Secondary stakeholder: This constitutes groups, agencies and public institutions that will be affected indirectly or may have interest in the project. Table 1: Stakeholder Groups Primary stakeholders Secondary stakeholders Upstream and Downstream Farmers of Tiga • Federal Ministry of Water Resources Dam • Ministry of Environment at state and federal levels • Ministry of Power, Housing and Works Women farmers/water user associations Transmission Company of Nigeria, Kano Electricity Distribution within the schemes Company Hadejia River Basin Development Authority • Sinohydro Corporation Ltd. • Skipper Nigeria Limited • Kano River Irrigation Scheme Office • Traditional Council – the emirate council, district and village heads • Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme Office NGOs Association of fishermen along Tiga Dam Vulnerable group - Association of disable farmers within the schemes Farmers, herdsmen, Women farmers, from HNW C. In order to ensure inclusive consultation, Hausa and English languages were used for consultation. The consultant worked with Project staff of KRISO and WUA to ensure that all stakeholders were identified, reached out to and communicated in their preferred language (Hausa). The use of Hausa and/or translation in Hausa helped to ensure robust engagement, inputs, expressions of concerns and meaningful responses. Final Report 23 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Introduction This chapter outlines existing environmental legislations, policies, institutional frameworks, identifiable World Bank Safeguard Policies, and international regulations deemed relevant to the KRIS. 2.2 Relevant Regulatory Policies in Nigeria An overview of relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), responsible for Environmental, Water, Power, Agricultural and Rural Developmental sectors at the Federal level are itemized below. Detailed functions of these MDAs are outlined in the TRIMING ESMF report. Environmental Mandate National Legal Instruments on the Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; these are laws that enforce compliance with environment policies in Nigeria and PMU should ensure compliance from the Contractor. during project implementation period. a) National Environmental Policy b) National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 2007 (NESREA Act.) c) National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria 1991 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT a. Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) b. Environmental Impact Assessment (Amendment) Act 1999 c. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guidelines 1995 d. Sectoral Guidelines for EIA ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT National Guidelines on Environmental Audit in Nigeria 1999 AIR QUALITY; during construction phase the PMU should ensure that the Contractor. comply with this regulations to provide protection of air from pollutants. National Environmental (Control of Vehicular Emissions from Petrol and Diesel Engines) Regulations, 2010. S. I. No. 20. NOISE AND VIBRATION; these law prescribes the maximum permissible noise levels from a project activities to which a person may be exposed which the PMU should ensure the Contractor.s adhere to National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2009. S. I. No. 35. WASTE MANAGEMENT a) FMEnv Policy Guidelines on Solid Waste Management 2005 b) Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste Regulation 1991 c) Management of Hazardous and Solid Wastes Regulation 1999 d) Harmful Wastes Act (Criminal Provisions) Act. No. 42, 1988 e) National Environmental (Sanitation and Waste Control) Regulations, 2009. S.I No. 28. BIODIVERSITY a) National Environmental (Access to Generic Resources and Benefit Sharing) Regulations, Final Report 24 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 2009. S. I. No. 30. b) National Environmental (Control of Bush/Forest Fire and Open Burning) Regulations, 2010. S. I. No. 15. c) National Environmental (Protection of Endangered Species in International Trade) Regulations, 2010. S. I. No. 16. Water Resources Mandate National Legal Instruments on Water Resources; these are legal frameworks that provide proper water resource development, management and conservation and should adhered to throughout the implementation process by the Contractor.s. a) Water Resources Act No. 101 of 1993 b) National Water Policy c) National Environmental (Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores Regulations, S. I. No. 26 of 2009. d) National Environmental (Surface and Groundwater Quality Control) Regulations 2010. S. I. No. 22. e) National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) Regulations, 2010. S. I. No. 12. d) National Irrigation Policy and Strategy (NIPS) Agricultural Mandate National Legal Instruments on Agriculture Agriculture Policies a) The Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP) b) The Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) 2.3 Relevant Acts and Legislations In addition to the legal instruments itemized in previous sections, the following are other important instruments relevant to the proposed project.. • Land Use Act of 1978 (reviewed CAP 202 1990) • Criminal Code Act • Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Development Act, 1990 2.4 State Legislation 2.4.1 Kano State a) Kano State Ministry of Environment (KSMEnv): is responsible for protecting, preserving and improving the state environs. This Ministry is in charge of executing State programmes relating to control of droughts, desertification, flood, erosion and management of forests estate. b) Kano State Environmental Planning and Protection Agency (KASEPPA):IA government agency under the KSME responsible for all environmental related issues in the state. Responsibilities include planning and development of urban centers, provision of amenities, infrastructures and other functions necessary for healthy and orderly urban growth. c) Kano State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources: The Ministry is primarily responsible for planning, formulating, implementing and coordinating of agricultural policies of the State. d) Kano State Ministry of Water Resources: The Ministry is responsible for provision of Final Report 25 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works sustainable drinking water and irrigation facilities in the State. 2.5 World Bank’s Safeguards Policies triggered in KRIS The likely World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered in KRIS are outline in Table 2 below. Table 2: WB Safeguard Policies Triggered by sub-project activities at Tiga Dam (KRIS) Safeguard Policies KRIS Reason for Triggers Environmental Assessment Yes The ESIA Hadejia 1.0 was screened and rated (OP 4.01) Category A. Hence, these remedial works falls under KRIS and is still rated, Category ‘A’ project Pest Management (OP 4.09) Yes Irrigated agricultural activities will involve use of fertilizer and chemicals including pesticides. Physical Cultural Resources Yes Excavation activities during construction can lead (OP 4.11) to impacts on physical and cultural resources Involuntary Resettlement Yes Project intervention may result in some degree of (OP 4.12) land acquisition and temporary loss of livelihood. Resettlement Management Plan (RAP) to be prepared for KRIS and HVIS Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) Yes Scheme dependent on existing multi-purpose dams and reservoirs Final Report 26 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 3: PROJECT AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 3.1 Background This Chapter provides an overview of the TRIMING Project, Existing Project Activities, and proposed remedial works as documented in the feasibility studies and technical report prepared for Tiga Dam Embankment Crack Treatment. 3.2 Overview of TRIMING Project The Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria currently covers five irrigation schemes located in three river basins in Northern Nigeria of which Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) falls under the Hadejia River sub-basin, which is part of the Hadejia Jama’are Komadugu Yobe (HJKY) Basin. The main goal of the TRIMING Project is to rehabilitate the irrigation schemes to optimum potential, concomitant with all future of water demand and sustainably fulfilling overall environmental constraints. The intended outcome is to • rehabilitate and improve large-scale public irrigations schemes for a total irrigation area of about 50,000 ha and concomitant activities in agriculture with approximately 140,000 farm families and over 1 million people beneficiaries. • Strengthen five Water User Associations Federations (WUAF), comprising 550 multiple secondary and tertiary level water users associations (WUAs) servicing and representing the beneficiary farmers. This is complemented with improvements in dams/reservoirs to assure integrated water resources management and to improve safety for people downstream to benefit a population of about 10 million people. • Increase agricultural productivity of the irrigated lands as well as the processing and marketing side of the increased output. • Improve capacity building for institutional development and project management 3.2.1 Project Component The Project Development Objective is to improve access to irrigation and drainage services and to strengthen institutional arrangements for integrated water resources management and agriculture service delivery in selected large-scale public schemes in Northern Nigeria. The project is structured into four main components and eight sub-component as illustrated in table 3 below Table 3: TRIMING Components and Sub-component Project Component Key Activities Component 1: Water Resources Management and Dam Operation Improvement Subcomponent 1.1: Support to Integrated The piloting of anticipated provisions for separation of government regulatory and Water Resources Management operational powers and responsibilities for integrated water resources management (IWRM) of basin-wide allocation, control, and river channel maintenance for sustainable public irrigation scheme functioning Subcomponent 1.2: Dam Operations Investments for sustainable operational safety, improved operational practices, and Improvement and Safety increased dam safety of selected dams and reservoirs including Bakolori, Zobe, Goronyo, Tiga, and Ruwan Kanya operational reservoir and Hadejia Barrage Component 2: Irrigation Development and Management Subcomponent 2.1: Irrigation Rehabilitation of 27,000 ha to improve the performance of a total of 50,000 ha Infrastructure Investments irrigation area in five schemes downstream of the existing storage reservoirs and major investment in irrigation civil works and related studies. Final Report 27 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Subcomponent 2.2: Improving Irrigation Aims to ensure the long-term viability of the irrigation and drainage services delivered Management at Scheme Level on public irrigation schemes by implementing a progressive management transfer to Water Users Associations (WUAs) and to autonomous professional operators, either public or private. Component 3: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Supply Chains Subcomponent 3.1: Support to agricultural Provide resources to enhance farmers’ productivity in the rehabilitated schemes and productivity and market linkages improve their participation in value chains through a matching grant mechanism; and the establishment of Farmers’ Management and Service Delivery Centers on each scheme, supported by extension and marketing agribusiness professionals. Subcomponent 3.2: Support to Innovation Technical assistance for farmers, water schools, applied research such as improving and R&D irrigated agronomy, and introduction of innovations such as new crops or production techniques as part of emerging commercial partnerships. Component 4: Institutional Development and Project Management Subcomponent 4.1: Institutional This subcomponent includes five activities: capacity building and training of FMWR Development and Governance staff; support to RBDAs; consensus building and supporting the change process; generation, feedback, and dissemination of data, and strengthening supervision and accountability in the sector. Subcomponent 4.2: Project Management The activities here will support the establishment of the Project Management Unit and and M&E other key coordination institutions within Government, and will provide guidance on change management processes. The M&E activities will develop an Information System for project purposes, studies and analytical work and a records and document management system. 3.3 Decription of the Project Area: Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) KRIS is located about 30 km southwest of Kano, the capital city of Kano State. KRIS cut across five (5) Local Government Areas (LGAs), namely Kura, Garun Mallam, Bunkure, Bebeji, and Rano LGAs (See Figure 1). The scheme is divided into two phases; the first phase was originally designed with a capacity of 22,000 ha of land, out of which 13,890 ha have been fully developed. The project area is divided into the East and the West branch sections by the Shimar River, which together with the Kano River drains the scheme. In addition, three (3) sectors (589 ha) are abstracting water directly from the Gayare Branch Canal. In the West Branch Canal region at present approximately 12,000 ha (28 Sectors) have been fully developed as irrigable land, however, according to the information obtained from the HJRBDA, about 50% of the area is not receiving water due to a number of reasons. The treatment of dam embankment cracks, rehabilitation and expansion works for KRIS will be undertaken mainly at the Tiga Dam Crest, KRIS Office, Dam location, Irrigation Scheme and river network as indicated in Figure 2 below. Final Report 28 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 2: Map of Kano State showing the LGAs covered by KRIS 3.4 Overview of Tiga Dam & Its Activities The Water Resources Division of the Kano State Ministry of Works and Survey constructed Tiga Dam from 1971 to 1974, while the Water Resources and Engineering Construction Agency (WRECA) designed the dam. The construction commenced after various feasibility and preliminary studies by, inter alia, the US Bureau of Reclamation and NEDECO Consultants. The dam is owned by Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) and operated by Hadejia Jama ‘are River Basin Development Authority 3.4.1 Tiga Dam & Surroundings The Tiga Dam is a zone-filled earth dam, which was designed and built between1970 to 1974. The dam reservoir surface area as originally designed is about 18,900 ha with a structural height of 48m, hydraulic height of 42.68m and an active storage capacity of 1,845 million m3 at full supply level. It lies across the Kano River, the main tributary of the Hadejia River. Water from the dam supplies KRIS. The loss of reservoir capacity due to sedimentation since its construction has not been assessed. However, since the outlet pipes have not been blocked by the accumulated sediment in the reservoir, it is believed that the sediment level may still be within the dead storage zone. The outlet works of the dam have a maximum capacity of 47m3/s, which is achieved at full reservoir level. In 1988, in order to contain the threat of overtopping and seepage through the dam, it was deemed necessary to reduce the spillway crest elevation by 2.00m, thereby effectively reduce the active storage capacity to 1,283 million m3 - about 68% of its original full capacity. This exercise also reduced the outlet discharge capacity. There is a bypass gate located at the very beginning of the supply canal. This delivers water back to Kano River as a recharge. Specific information and features of the dam are outlined in table 4 below Final Report 29 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 3: An overview of KRIS Layout including Tiga Dam Table 4: Basic Features of Tiga Dam Dam Features Measurement Embankment height river bed level 48m Embankment length 6000m Crest elevation 530.96masl Upstream slope 1:3 Downstream slope 1:2.5 Crest width 7.6m Catchment 6,553 km2 Average Annual rainfall 1,000mm Average annual runoff 1.3 x 109 m3 Average annual Inflow 1.11 x 109m3 Annual evaporation losses 120 x 106 m3 Full supply level 527.304m (lowered to around 524m) Reservoir Volume at FSL 1.974 x 109m3 Final Report 30 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Reservoir area at FSL 18,900 ha Outlet capacity at FSL 65 m3/s Average Annual Spill 30.9 x 106m3 On the downstream side, the clay core wall is equipped with a vertical drainage body connected to the horizontal blanket drainage layer at the foundation. The upstream slope is protected by rock riprap, while the downstream slope is covered with grass. The dam design is viewed in figure 4 below Figure 4: Design Section of Tiga Dam The Upstream: the upstream slope is protected with riprap and is generally intact. The slope is gentler at the bottom and steeper at the top with the lower slope having a ratio of 1:2.5 to 1:2.08 and the upper slope having a ratio of 1:2 to 1:1.5. Field consultation with some fishermen suggested some riprap have been displaced due to rock blast in 2015 during the construction of the hydropower plant. Consequently, causing the upstream slope to be exposed to impact from flooding especially during the rainy season. Figure 4 below provides pictorial illustration of the exposed portions of the slope vegetated with grass. Figure 5: Upstream Slope protected with Riprap The Downstream: the face of the dam is vegetated with turf grass (see figure 5 below) and incorporates a system of drainage ditches. The slope exhibits good overall integrity, with no deformations (bulges or depressions), zones of saturation or seepage, evidence of internal erosion (piping), and indications of mass wasting or soil liquefaction. The geometry of the downstream slope is characterized by non-uniform gradient with the lower section of the slope having a more gentle inclination with slope ratio ranging from 1:3.5 to 1:1.5, and the upper section of the slope presenting a steeper profile with slope ratio varying between 1:3 to 1:1.5. Final Report 31 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 6: A Section of the downstream slope of Tiga Dam vegetated with Grass 3.4.2 Summary of Activities on Tiga Dam and Environs Since its completion in 1974, several international engineering companies have conducted safety appraisal on the Tiga Dam. The main conclusions of those safety appraisals are as follows: a. In 1978, the dam safety assessment report made by Haskoning (Netherlands) concluded that the design was incomplete in sufficient detail for the size of the dam, and the design of the outlet was inadequate; the foundation treatment was not adequate and quality control on embankment placing and compaction was inadequate. The recommendations proposed included improvements to the outlets and dam drainage, lower the full supply water level, strengthen monitoring and management. b. In 1987, the USBR conducted a safety assessment on the dam and provided recommendations: taking temporary measures to reduce the risk of dam piping (such as excavating a seepage berm); lowering the full supply water level by excavating a new by-wash spillway. c. In 2002, safety appraisal of the Tiga dam was conducted. The appraisal report pointed out that the main threats on the Tiga dam are internal erosion due to arching of fill material over cut off trench, internal erosion caused by a fracture of one of the two secondary outlet pipes, and slope failure under seismic load. d. Royal Haskoning DHV (Netherlands) conducted an assessment on the safety status of the Tiga dam between 2014 and 2016. Some proposals were outlined such: maintenance and upgrading plan for embankment, mainly including: heightening the dam crest elevation to 531.20m (the maximum settlement between 1978 and 1990: 1.2m), adding a layer of large-particle riprap to the upstream slope, repairing the upstream sliding surface tension cracks, dredging piezometer, and adding new dam crest settlement observation piers. e. From 2015 till date, two companies are working within Tiga Dam, namely: Messrs. SKIPPER Nig Ltd, Contractor. responsible for the construction of the Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEP) at the dam; while Sinohydro Corporation Ltd is responsible for minor remedial works around the dam. Final Report 32 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 3.4.3 History of Cracks Development on Tiga Dam Embankment After the completion of the Tiga Dam, the Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) through Hadejia Jama ‘are River Basin Development Authority have conducted series of safety appraisal on the dam especially with respect to crack development as follows: a. In 1987, cracks on the dam crest were mentioned in USBR's safety assessment report on the Tiga Dam, with a depth of up to 2m, but it concluded that it is unlikely that they are sign of embankment failure. Filling cracks by silt-clay-sand slurry was recommended. b. In 2016, in Royal Haskoning DHV's safety evaluation and design of upgrades report, it was mentioned that only one crack was found in the crest near main outlet, and later determined to be caused by blasting for the hydroelectric power station. c. On September 6th, 2020, SINOHYDRO reported to TRIMING Project that longitudinal cracks were found on the embankment crest, one of those was 30m long, 10cm wide, and 60cm deep visually, located 200m away from the left outlet of Tiga dam. At the end of October 2020, SINOHYDRO heightened and filled the embankment crest according to the owner's instructions. This activity is part of the remedial works recommended to improve the dam safety. However, after the unprecedented flood in Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin of Nigeria from September to October 2022, numerous longitudinal cracks begin to appear on the asphalt surface of the dam crest. 3.4.3.1 Description of Cracks Longitudinal cracks are cracks that occur parallel to the centerline of the asphaltic pavement or laydown direction. There are currently many cracks on the dam crest, mainly distributed along 11 typical zones and between chainages 0+060 to 3+350 vary in length from 2 to 65 meters, and in width from 0.5 to 75cm, with some localized areas reaching 10 to 27cm. Most of the cracks were maintained with bitumen, but many have re-cracked after the initial maintenance. Further maintenance work with cement was recently adopted in an attempt to seal up the cracks, but some portions have also re-cracked as shown in figure 5-8 below. Figure 8: Cracks on Tiga Dam Crest Figure 7: A section of the Dam Crest showing remedial works on the Cracks Final Report 33 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 7: A section of cracks sealed by cement on the Figure 8: A section of the Dam Crest Dam Crest The primary longitudinal cracks identified in the dam structure are located between chainage 0+500 to 2+500. These cracks exhibit an almost vertical orientation, with depth reaching up to 2.8 meters or more. The majority of these cracks are classified as expansion-type, and no evidence of vertical displacement between the two sides of the cracks was observed in the probe pit dug to investigate the on-site cracks. A summary of these cracks are further elaborated in table 5 below Table 5: Summary of Dam Crack Statistical Zone Chainages (CH) Crack Length Length (m) Opening (cm) Zone 1 1+844.3~1+885.8 L1 26 0.5~9 Zone 2 1+510.7~1+554.3 L2 15 5~10, max 22 L3 14 7~27 Zone 3 1+348.5~1+391.5 L4 36 1~2,locally 5~17 Zone 4 0+906~0+930 L5 9 0.5~7 L6 16 0.5~7.5 Zone 5 0+933.6~0+962.5 L7 28 0.5~4 Zone 6 0+798.5~0+842.5 L8 29 1~2 L9 18 0.5~9 Zone 7 0+673~0+724 L10 13 0.5~1.5 L11 31 1~3,locally 6~16.5 Zone 8 0+534.5~0+585.5 L12 10.5 0.5~1.5 L13 8 1~3.5 Final Report 34 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works L14 33 0.5~1.5 L15 25 0.5~2.0 Zone 9 2+345.5~2+368.5 L16 35 0.5~1.5,locally 5~7 Zone 10 3+004.5~3+082 L17 65 No cracking observed after asphalt repair Zone 11 0+982~1+030 L18 42 0.5~3,locally 4~10 Source: Technical Report Tiga Dam Crack Treatment, 2024 3.5 Proposed Remedial Works on Tiga Dam Embankment The proposed remedial works to treat the longitudinal cracks on Tiga Dam Crest are categorized into rehabilitation and construction. There are currently many cracks on the dam crest, mainly distributed along 11 typical zones and between CH 0+000 to 3+400 chainages as seen in table 5 above . The proposed remedial plans are itemised as follows; Repair and Seal Existing Cracks: The construction sequence is as follows: • Demolish the bituminous pavement on the dam crest (15cm thick) and remove shallow cracks on the surface (not exceeding 1m); • Inject the cracks with slurry without pressure; • Backfill clay and compact to the elevation of 530.95m, with a compactness of not less than 98%; • Lay geotextile, 200g/m2; • Lay PE geo-membrane, 0.5mm thick, to prevent rain from entering; • Lay geotextile, 500g/m2; • Lay crushed stones and compact them, 20cm thick; • Pave bituminous pavement, 5cm thick (option); Restore the Downstream Slope Ratio: The construction sequence is as follows: • Clean the downstream face of the dam, remove weeds, trees, drainage channels, etc. • Backfill clay and compact to the design slope ratio (1:3.0), with a compactness of not less than 98%, and the material used for heightening of dam shall be consistent with the material used; • Plant grass on the compacted slope to prevent soil loss and restore facilities behind the dam Improve the Downstream Slope Toe Drainage: construction sequence: • Dig trench at downstream slope toe, expose the horizontal drainage body in the dam body and connect to the collection well; • Lay geotextile in the trench, 200g/m2; • Lay crushed stones in the trench to divert seepage water from the dam to the collection well; • Top covered with 1m thick clay Figure 9 gives a plan view of the downstream slope Final Report 35 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works However, due to the high dam body, long downstream slope of Tiga Dam, short contract period, large earthwork filling volume and low efficiency of dam slope filling construction, these works have been segmented into two phases- Phase 1 and 2. This will further ensure that the magnitude of the potential impacts and risks are minimized which will allow quick recovery of the carrying capacity of the intervention area. Phase 1 Work Program for Tiga Dam (Completion Period – January, 2025) A. General Work • Mobilization of Staff and Equipment • Temporary Camp site • Access road and ancillary works for temporary work • Detailed design drawings B. Embankment and crest • Strip asphalt pavement • Removal existing curbstone • Excavate very loose material and Transport • Drilling hole along the dam axis • Total Number of holes (825） • Curtain grouting along the dam axis • Non pressure grouting of embankment crest cracks C. Toe Drain • Excavate and Install horizontal drain pipes • Excavation of downstream toe area for finger drains • Place geotextile in the finger drain trenches • Backfill and compact aggregate in and around the trench • Backfill with appropriate materials and compact in the trench • Prefabrication of new relief wells It is estimated that the average depth of each relief well is 3 meters, the length of each prefabricated well is 1 meter, and the total number of prefabricated wells is 72.） • Construction of new relief wells (The number of newly designed relief wells is 24） Phase 2 Work Program for Tiga Dam (Completion Period - December, 2025) A. General Works • Mobilization(Staff and Equipment) • Access road and ancillary works for temporary work • Look for Borrow Pit and do test B. Embankment and crest • Fill back the Dam Crest • Place geotextile above the embankment Final Report 36 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Place PE geo-membrane above the geotextile， • Place geotextile above the embankment • Place and compact aggregate of 200mm thickness • Construction of new curbstone. (Chainage 0+000 to 3+ 400) • Laying asphalt pavement on the embankment crest C. Downstream Slope • Allow for stripping and removal of overgrown grasses & root and treatment of Shrubs and trees & drainage channels and stairs away & top soil • Replace the vegetative soil on to the repaired section of the downstream slope • Fill and compact the downstream curvilinear section to achieve required slope. The compaction degree shall not be less than 98% (Chainage 0+000 to 3+ 400) • Restore drainage channels and stairs Although the project closes in January, the work program as itemised above indicates that proposed remedial works will not be fully completed as of January 2025. However, this Addendum ESIA will address the potential environment and social impacts of the full scope of work (Phases 1 & 2). Figure 9: Plan View of the Downstream Slope, Tiga Dam Final Report 37 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT AND BASELINE STUDIES 4.1 Introduction The fieldwork conducted with respect to the physical, biological and socio-economics assessment indicated similarities with the information provided in ESIA Hadejia 1.0. For extensive information, refer to ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Therefore, this chapter provides information on only key environmental indicators such as waste, erosion sites, flooding, borrow pits and drainage including specific details on socioeconomics for Tiga Town and environmental baseline for environmental data (air, water and soil analysis) 4.2 Overview of Project Environment 4.2.1 Key Environmental Indicators The screening and scoping exercise conducted identified key environmental indicators that are precursor in identifying inherent social and environmental risks and impacts. These indicators are discussed below . Water and Drainage Majority of communities source their water from hand-pump borehole, Kano River and streams. Farmers both from upstream and downstream use pumping machine to source water from the main- canal. The closure of the main-canal for repairs affected their livelihood especially during the blasting of the rocks by the Hydropower Contractor.. Major rocks from the blast were found along the main- canal causing debris in the water and possible reduction in water quality. The drainage network was designed to dispose of storm water runoff and irrigation surplus water. Runoff from the field were originally intended to be collected by the tertiary and field drains and passed into the secondary and main drains. However, most of these drains are heavily silted and blocked by molders from the rock blasting. Flooding and Erosion Field visit shows that the downstream farmers experience regular flooding especially during the rainy season when the dam was closed for construction. Opening of the dam caused massive release of water downstream causing them economic loss of their crops. The excessive use of agrochemicals in addition to flooding has aggravated erosion sites and reduced water quality. Borrow Pits Only two borrow pits were identified within Tiga Dam as seen in figure 8&9 . These two borrow pits have become ponds and heavily infested with Typha grass. These borrows pits where created to support construction activities of embankments, access roads and canals. They posed useful at the time, as Contractor.s did not need to travel far to source earth for their civil works. The activity resulted in short- term employment of the locals who were engaged by the Contractor.s. Other borrow pits identified outside the project perimeter have become waste dumpsites and erosion sites while others have been reclaimed by some individuals, who use it as a means of livelihood for laterite supply. They sell the laterite to Contractor.s for construction purposes at a stipulated fee. Final Report 38 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Figure 11: Borrow Pit infested with Typha Grass and Water Figure 10: Infested Borrow Pit with Typha Grass 4.3 Socio-economics for Tiga Town Socioeconomics survey provides a ground to understanding the household behavioural dynamics of project affected individuals, Water User Associations (WUAs) and communities within project corridor. The scope of investigation under this section includes but not limited to political and administrative setting, demography, and women’s right and participation, and livelihood concerns including perceived impacts of the proposed remedial works. The outcome of this section will be useful for futuristic programs for potential project activities. It will also be helpful in the safeguards audit/measurement and monitoring of mitigation results, and the overall TRIMING project implementation. 4.3.1 Methodology for the Social Assessment The social assessment was carried out in line with the requirements and scope defined in the terms of reference for this addendum assessment. A checklist was developed for profiling the social groups and attributes in the study area. The first step was consultation with major stakeholders and project management offices as provided by KRIS Office, TRIMING. These include but not limited to HJRBDA, KRIS office, four communities around Tiga Dam and Sinohydro etc. Cooperation received from these stakeholders helped in a long way in the identification of the primary and secondary stakeholders’ as outlined in the subsequent chapter. The rest of the steps taken in the social impact assessment include: • Identification and profiling of the stakeholder groups in the adjoining affected communities • Focus Group Consultation • Data design, collection and analysis Final Report 39 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Type of Data and Techniques of Data Collection Data collection included primary and secondary data. Primary data was carried out in the project area using multi-level survey instruments including: • Household structured questionnaire; • Focus Group Discussion (FGD) • In-Depth Interview • Site Specific Community consultation Each of the above stated methods of data collection was strategically applied and complementing to ensure that right processes was engendered to enhance robust and inclusive consultation and improve the quality of information received from the field. For example, household questionnaire instrument served the purpose of eliciting information relevant to the project at the household/farmers level. Envisaging the gaps that might result from this method, especially in collecting gender specific data due to cultural constraint in the northern Nigeria that often affects household data collection from women. The FGD method was considered plausible in reaching out to women, youths, farmers and fishermen. The women groups were pulled together in focus group discussions across four communities through the organized women WUA umbrella. The essence of the technique of the In-depth Interview was to generate information that are within the custodian of experts and community leaders which may not be easily obtained via structured questionnaire instruments. These include data on the history and culture of a community as well as conflict antecedents and conflict resolution mechanisms available to the community. Such information can only be obtained from specific authorities (leaders/elders) and requires response probing or instant follow up questions. Secondary data for the social assessment was obtained from TRIMING, the Engineering Consultant and Contractor.s including relevant agencies National Population Census, Kano State Ministry of Environment. 4.3.1.1 General Household Survey Selection of Communities for Socio-economic Survey A total of six (6) communities were selected for Tiga Dam assessment. The selection is low because communities within Tiga Dam are about 12-15km away from the dam and extensive socio-economics have already been covered by ESIA Hadejia 1.0. Information here is specific to these communities which represents 20% data of KRIS. The selection of these communities was based on the following criteria: • Proximity (nearness) of community to Tiga dam infrastructure (e.g. embankment, spill way); • Viable potential of cumulative impacts; • Communities with previous experiences of flooding induced by dam/irrigation operations. • Social mapping of cultural and political structure in the project area; Structured questionnaire was administered using electronic platform (ODK Collect on the open source Kobotoolbox platform) to 97 households/respondents showing 53.5% representation of the selected communities. The consultation took place at Tiga, Katsalle, Gwarmai, Ranian, Kuki and Anadariya all within Bebeji LGA. Respondents were mostly household heads and youths, which in most cases were males. Due to cultural and/or religious reasons females (wives) of households are Final Report 40 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works restricted from granting public audience. As discussed in the methodology, this challenge did not affect getting information peculiar to women as the use of focus group discussion with women WUA groups was sufficient for engagement of women. Demographic Characteristics of the Project Area Socio-economic features such as gender, age, marital status and the education profile of household members were investigated. The population of Bebeji LGA is • Male 160,516 (50.7%) • Female 156,084 (48.3%) Other socioeconomic condition of the project area is summarized in table 6 below while the specific data is described in Annex 17 Table 6: Summary of Socio-economics at Bebeji LGA Parameter Percent Remark Age Distribution The age distribution indicates the presence of local workforce for 18 - 30 18% unskilled labour, and a small percentage of age vulnerability due to 31 - 45 44% presence of the elderly. 46 - 55 25% Above 55 13% Marital Status This indicates that the communities are mainly family-based Married 81% communities, with few percentages of singles. Single 18% Divorced 0.7% Household size This shows that the communities are primarily characterized by Small (1 – 3) 18% large family sizes (dependents). Medium (4 – 6) 22% It points to the labour capacity of households especially in farming Large (More than 6) 60% production, and secondly, it is indicative of the real per capita household income and poverty rate in the project area Educational level This shows a high percentage of children are out of school, Islamiya (Islamic School) 41% indicative of child labour for farming and fishing activities. Primary School 30% Furthermore, it indicates that some level of skilled labour may be Secondary School 25% sourced from the communities. Tertiary 4% Occupation This information indicates farming is the predominant occupation Trading 18% while fishing seems to the next preferred. Indicative that the Farming 41% presence of the dam encourage fishing activitites especially for Fishing 26% communities at upstream and downstream of Tiga Dam. Livestock Production 12% Consequently, that any major impact on farming or fishing activities Civil Servants 3% during remedial works implementation may significantly distort the livelihood balance within the communities. Ethnicity (Languages) The lingua franca of the communities is Hausa language. The Fulani Fulani only 4% groups also exist. Hausa only 9% Hausa & Fulani 6% Income Earners Although most of the families are large, the number of income 1 32% earners are not commensurate in the families. This is indicative of 2 18% financial strain and possible increase in poverty level. 3 and above 27% None 23% Average Monthly Income Most of the respondents earn above the minimum wage (N70,000) More than N70,000 32% possible due to high inflation rate and cost of goods. Even with this N30,000 – N70,000 17% rate most people are experiencing economic hardship Hence, any N30,000 – N15,000 28% adverse impact on economic sources and sources of livelihood may Less than N15,000 23% be significant. Final Report 41 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Parameter Percent Remark Land Ownership Most lands are owned under the traditional individual ownership, Inherited 63% which is still very popular in the area with each landowner Own by lease 32% recognized by members of the community Gift 5% Water Supply Most communities depend on boreholes as their primary source of Commercial Borehole 68% water. The major water source is borehole, though in many locations Private Borehole 3% the water is not sufficient or dry. This is indicative of government Wells 25% presence within the communities. Natural Water Bodies 4% Waste Management Construction works may increase generated solid waste. The Collective Dumpsite 18% Contractor.s will have to liaise with the State EPA to manage Open Burning 34% construction wastes. Open Dumping 48% Healthcare Facilities Primary Healthcare Centres are predominant within the Primary Healthcare Centres 81% communities and the presence of secondary hospitals for Secondary Healthcare 9% treating admission of patients where applicable. Private Hospitals 1% The common illness within the community is typhoid and malaria Source of Energy Electricity is available from national grid but is not stable, this National grid 68% is supplemented by use of kerosene lanterns and generator. Generator 8% Energy for cooking is primarily sourced from firewood and Kerosene lantern 25% charcoal. Source: Field Survey Assessment, September 2024 Vulnerability Status in Tiga Town Vulnerable persons are those that the remedial works will affect adversely in more ways than others due to certain disadvantaged conditions. People identified, as vulnerable groups in the project areas are persons above sixty (60) years old, and those that are physically challenged or handicapped. In summary, about 27 vulnerable persons were identified within Tiga Town since other communities are about 18km away from the project site. Among the vulnerable persons are seventeen (17) females and ten (10) males. Table 7 below shows the categories of vulnerable groups and description in terms of gender, project area and number. Table 7: Summary of Vulnerable Groups in Tiga Town Categories of Vulnerable Groups Tiga Town Male Female Persons above 60 years 2 8 Those with Physical disability 1 4 Orphans 7 5 Sub-Totals 10 17 Total 27 Perception of Community about the project Over 82% of the adjoining and host communities are aware about the Tiga Dam but less than 17% are aware of the proposed remedial works. Although, they are excited about the new development and hold optimistic views about the itemized activities. They believe if implemented, the problem of movement of farm produce will reduce thereby improving farming business. Final Report 42 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 4.3.1.2 Water User Association WUAs are groups that coordinate the farmers and/or those that are served by the irrigation schemes. The objectives of the association are to empower the farmers to take over the responsibility for the operation and maintenance of their schemes and to encourage and support the formation of WUAs, so as to institutionalize Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). The group constitute the apex body and the constituent sector WUAs (farmers, fishermen) that make up the apex WUA. The apex body is registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission in Abuja. It acts as the main organ that oversees, coordinates and champions the processes, activities and interests of the subsidiary WUA groups in the entire sectors in the command. These also include the Women WUAs. The WUAs are critical stakeholder groups whose roles can be leveraged to enhance irrigation service management, coordination and control. The existing roles of the WUAs in the project areas include the following: • Mobilization of farmers/members for community works and maintenance of irrigation infrastructure such as the field canals, de-siltation of the drains and cutting of aquatic grasses growing in the canals. • Assist the management of the Schemes in collection of Irrigation Service fees • Help in the area of communication feedback between KRIS/ and the farmers. This includes informing the Schemes of the challenges and issues the farmers want the management to know or act upon and at the same time serve as a channel to informing and responding to the farmers about various policy and management decisions. • Organization of farmers for easy allocation/renting of irrigation farm land from the Schemes • Organization and mobilization of farmers during fertilizer/inputs distribution and sales. WUA and Land ownership About 65% of the WUAs membership along the dam own their lands while the rest are on lease. No fee is charged to become a member of the WUA but the person must be a recognized farmer in any of the field sectors. The Tiga Dam WUA is headed by Seriki and assisted by two vice and secretary. Members are also meant to abide by the decisions of the body or as engendered by the apex body. The rights of the members include: • Right to irrigation/water services at moderate rate as agreed between the Scheme management and WUA; • Right to irrigation and farming enlightenment and benefits from government; • Right to be part of the process of irrigation services management through feedback mechanism and inputs; and • Right to buying or renting of irrigation farmland from the scheme subject to expression of interest and application. Operational Strategy of Tiga Dam WUA and challenges Tiga Dam WUA meets three (3) times per farming season and also convene extraordinary meeting when necessary. The three (3) scheduled meetings take place at: Final Report 43 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Pre-farming season: to deliberate on issues of irrigation services charges and expectations in the new farming season • At the mid of farm season: to review their activities and progress in the implementation of measures agreed upon during pre-season meeting and •Post farming season: to review the outcome of the season’s activities of the WUA in terms of the challenges and progress of farmers and on its effectiveness on the discharge of its delegated functions by the HJRBDA. The body is faced with more challenging issues other than water needs, such as: • Communication gap with HJRBDA in particular with respect to closure and opening of main canal • Typha grass infestation of borrow pits, molders in canals and drainages • Cracks on the walls of their houses due to rock blasting by the hydropower component 4.4 Physio-chemical Analysis of Environmental Baseline Data 4.4.1 Sampling Methodology Baseline data was acquired during field visits within the boundaries of Tiga Dam as the remedial activities are site-specific and any envisaged impacts or risks would be minimal or moderate. An overall assessment of the study area was done through reconnaissance survey. During this survey, familiarization, boundaries and key features were established. Air quality parameters were measured through a direct mechanism based on in-built gas sensors from the chosen equipment. The equipment was chosen based on simplicity, accuracy, specificity and stability. Soil and Water samples were collected from different locations around the dam, main canal, site storage area and nearest communities. The sampling design for groundwater was based on availability of groundwater sources (borehole) within Tiga Town. A total number of twelve (12) samples were analyzed: four (4) samples for topsoil; four (4) for sub-soil; two (2)) for surface water and two (2) for groundwater (borehole water). The soil samples were subjected to composite analyses i.e in-situ sampling and ex-situ (Samples analysed by Ministry of Environment, Kano State). Annex 5-8 provides information on the results of surface water, soil, groundwater and air quality analyses while the summaries of these results are discussed in table below Ground water samples were collected from Borehole using sterile dark coloured100ml bijou bottles. Samples for heavy metals and physico-chemical studies were also collected in their respective coded plastic containers and stored in ice-packed coolers. Samples were preserved in refrigerators at 4°C prior to laboratory analyses. Fast changing physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) etc. were measured in-situ using an in-situ water analyze. 4.4.2 Result Discussion Air Quality Assessment The air quality analysis of the project area indicates that the air quality within Tiga Dam is generally Final Report 44 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works good as parameters were within the FMEnv permissible limit6. Probably due to inactive scenario, the hydropower component is yet to commence and limited vehicular movement. Surface Water Assessment: two surface water samples were collected, one from the main canal and the other from the edge of the dam. The project corridor has no available river or streams. Table 8 gives the summary result of surface water analysis Table 8: Assessment of Surface Water Parameters Analysis Recommendation Temperature, pH, Concentration levels were within FMEnv Any practice such as disposal of solid Conductivity, Total permissible limits waste should be discouraged through Dissolved Solids (TDS) penalty fees Nitrate The Nitrate concentration levels for the sampled The extensive use of agro-chemicals points were all above the FMEnv permissible should be replaced with organic limits (20 mg/l). fertilizers. Phosphate Most sample points recorded high concentration Elaborate and constant sensitization level of Phosphate.. on proper application and disposal should be done Chloride The concentration levels for chloride were all Nil within the FMEnv permissible limits of 250 mg/l. Dissolved Oxygen Result of analysed sample is within FMEnv The current agricultural practice permissible limits should be sustained . Chromium Concentration level for agricultural practices are within FMEnv limit of 1.5 mg/l Biochemical Oxygen The values for the surface water were all within To sustain this level, continuous Demand5 (BOD5) the FMEnv range of 30 mg/l. efforts should be made on proper agro-chemical application including its disposal. Microorganisms The coliform group of bacteria in the analyzed Dumping of organic waste along main- water samples shows the presence of Total canal or rivers should be discouraged. Coliform (T. Coliform), Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Salmonella. T.Coliform, Proper sensitization in Hausa should be carried out on the dangers of improper waste (excretes, domestic etc.) on the river body and proper waste disposal model Table 9: Assessment of Groundwater Parameters Analysis Recommendation Temperature, pH, Concentration levels were within FMEnv Any practice such as disposal of solid Conductivity, Total permissible limits waste should be discouraged through Dissolved Solids (TDS) penalty fees Nitrate The Nitrate concentration levels for the sampled The extensive use of agro-chemicals points varied a bit above the FMEnv permissible should be replaced with organic limits (10 mg/l). fertilizers. Elaborate and constant sensitization on proper application and disposal should be done 6 National Environmental (Air Quality Control) Regulations, 2014 Final Report 45 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Parameters Analysis Recommendation Phosphate Concentration recorded were below FMEnv The current agricultural practice prescribed limits should be sustained Sulphate Concentration levels were all within FMEnv permissible benchmark. Chloride The concentration levels for chloride were all within the FMEnv permissible limits of 250 mg/l. Dissolved Oxygen, BOD All sampled points were within the FMEnv range and COD Salinity The salinity for all the sampled points were high Proper communication should be 121 and 154% as against FMEnv standard of 0%. established and sustained. More Factors attributing to this high value are many importantly, drainage system should but it can be attributed to the consistent usage of be constructed and trainings on agro-chemicals for farming activities around the proper use of agrochemicals should communities. As identified by a farmer, regular be carried out if possible flooding within KRIS washes away their pesticides downstream and they intend to frequently apply after flooding stops. This adversely can increase salinity levels. Total Hardness Concentration level of Calcium and Magnesium The level of TH (Mg and Ca) in the ions were within the FMEnv limits. project area should be sustained Alkalinity The alkalinity (bicarbonate and carbonates) So far, the alkalinity level should be levels were within limits. maintained. Microorganisms The coliform group of bacteria in the analyzed Boreholes should be sited at least water samples shows the presence of Total 18m away from septic tanks Coliform (T. Coliform) and absence of Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) Final Report 46 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 5: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION 5.1 Introduction Extensive consultations were held at two different levels (General Consultation and Focus Group) with stakeholders between 24th and 28th September 2024. This sub-section gives an account of the stakeholder profiling, the engagement process and summary of focus group consultation meetings held at Tiga Dam, Bebeji LGA. 5.2 Stakeholders Profile and Engagement The stakeholder mapping identified all potentially directly affected parties (primary stakeholders) and those to be indirectly affected including organizations that may have interest or influence on the project (secondary stakeholders). The profiling of the stakeholders is as follows: 1. Primary Stakeholders 2. Secondary Stakeholders 1. Primary Stakeholders • Upstream and Downstream Farmers: These farmers are located at upstream and downstream of Tiga Dam that benefit from availability of water in the main-canal. There are about 75 farmers along this path. The main issue with the farmers is communication gap between these farmers and Hadejia RBDA Also, the blockage of the main-canal by molders due to rock blasting from the Hydropower Plant and inaccessibility to move their crops along the edge of the dam embankment. • Fishermen: fieldwork showed that many of the residents in Tiga Town rely on the fishes from the rivers and dams in the project area for their daily protein and livelihood. About 103 fisherman are carry out their fishing activities along the dam and rivers. In addition, communication gap is causing economic loss to them due to dam over-flood. Engagement with the group commenced from 25th - 26th September 2024, it revealed that the type of fishes found in the area includes Latis, Clarias (cat fish), Heterobranchus, libios Calaglausis, Tiger fish, Tilapia and Bagridi. Instruments used in fishing include Arrow (Marsh), Calabash (Gora) and Nets. Income per head from fishing ranges from N2, 500 – N4,000 per day. The group is constrained by lack of storage facility which compels them to sell off their catch at low prices. • Vulnerable groups: These are persons and groups that will be more adversely affected than others by the project activities as a result of physical disability, gender or age. In this case, mitigation measures tailored in addressing adverse impacts at broad level may either not adequately restore their livelihood or they may be denied of the mitigation measures due to their state of vulnerability. 2. Secondary Stakeholders This constitutes groups and agencies that will be affected or may have interest in the project. The following secondary stakeholders were identified: a. Federal Ministry of Water Resources b. River Basin Development Authority c. Kano River Irrigation Project Office Final Report 47 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works d. Contractor e. Ministry of Environment at State and Federal levels f. NGOs, g. Tiga Town and communities (Kuku, Wasila Tiga, Kwana Uku Tiga, Durmawa) Kano State. h. Kano Water Supply 5.3 General Stakeholder Consultations Two general stakeholder consultations were held from 24-25th September 2024 at different locations namely: Tiga Town and KRIS Project office. The consultation at Tiga Town was with Farmers and Fishermen while consultation at KRIS Management Office was at KRIS Office and Tiga Dam. Table 10&11 outline the major issues, concerns and outcomes from the Stakeholder consultation with various stakeholders. Table 10: Consultation with KRIS Project Office Date 25th September 2024 Venue Tiga Dam Project Office, KRIS project office open field, along Zaria-Kano road Participation E&S Safeguard Officers at KRIS, Tiga Dam Project Manager, Representative of HJRBDA S/No Name of Stakeholder Remark/Response from Stakeholders Response from ESIA Team 1 E&S Officers They affirmed that they are aware of the The team elucidated the cracks and they had informed the relevant scope of works and the aim of stakeholders of the project intention to fix the addendum. these problems before official handing-over of The team also emphazied the the scheme. need to consult with the They also informed the team of the make-shift engineers and key relevant solutions presently done by Contractor. To stakeholders especially along reduce the width and depth of the cracks Tiga Dam 2 Tiga Dam Project Manager He welcomed the team and all the attendees of The team appreciated their (Engr. Salisu) the event. He stated that remedial works have time and efforts. started along some chainages and the Furthermore, the proposed Contractor. is already on-site. He also potential impacts were explained the extent of the remedial works discussed and the team and thanked the Project for ensuring the dam requested that the Project is in good shape before the official handing Manager provide oversight over. functions for the 3 Contractor. The personnel of the company could not implementation of the communicate with the consultant due to proposed mitigations plans to language barrier. However, the Site Contract ensure sustainability Coordinator Engr. Sabiu explained the remedial works and the different stages involved. He further explained that the time available is short as the project draws to a close in January 2025. He also itemized the process of getting materials from vendors and clay from owned borrow pits through payment agreement. Table 11: Consultation with Primary Stakeholders Date 25th of September 2024 Venue GSS Tiga Town, Bebeji LGA Participation In attendance were representatives of various farmers along the downstream and upstream of Tiga Dam, fishermen, Representatives from KRIS Project Office, TRIMING PMU S/No Group/Organization Details Response 1 TRIMING Project Mr Oyebankole Agbelusi (TRIMING Safeguard Unit Environmental Safeguard Specialist) encouraged the stakeholders to own the Final Report 48 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works project once TRIMING hands over as they are the beneficiaries of the project and also part of the decision makers based on their concerns in terms of Environmental and Social Impacts, which should be made known to the ESIA team. 2 Fishermen Association The first concern was from Seriki who spoke The consultant assured the about the cracks and the genesis of these group that their concerns will issues. He also itemized some concerns that be brought to the appropriate will be of great benefit for RBDA (i). The issue office and channel of of blasting caused the boulders to be displaced communication will be and thus enter the dam causing slight water drafted in the updated ESIA pollution (ii). Barriers inserted did not prevent for consideration by the the cracks (iii). Rehabilitation of the cracks RBDA. need to be done to aid movement of goods for the fishermen (iv) RBDA should open proper channel of communication with fishermen group 3 Downstream and Their representative also reiterated the issues Some of these concerns will Upstream Farmers raised by the fishermen with regard to the be itemized under cracks and main-canal, (i) the main canal needs recommendations where to be repaired and such information regarding applicable the repairs should be communicated early for the farmers to take precautions against flooding (ii). RBDA needs to respond to early warning signs such as seepage of water into observation wells and movement of weeds along the dam 5.4 Focus Group Consultations There are about nine communities around the Tiga Dam and its environments. The closet community to the dam is about 2-3km, Tiga Town. Based on nearest to the dam, six communities were selected for the FGC. However, impacts arising from the proposed remedial works are not likely to negatively impacts but rather positively enhance their livelihood. 5.4.1 Summary of Open Consultation During the consultation, environmental issues were discussed of which the general assessments indicated good condition in terms of air and water quality. Social issues such as the concept of Gender Based Violence (GBV) and traditional ways of resolving such issues. However, these discussions were held separately according to gender roles. The Women group within the WUA explained their procedures for addressing any GBV related issues. In extreme cases where violence against women or harassment had occurred, the community Head and Women leaders are used for these GBV cases. The Police could be invited in situations where injuries occur. 5.4.2 Summary of Participants Feedback During the community meetings, several participants (WUA members) expressed their views, and made comments and suggestions relating to TRIMING Project. All the speakers expressed their appreciation and gratitude to TRIMING, the Kano State Government, the Federal Government and the World Bank for the activities of TRIMING in the past years, as this has improved their socioeconomic wellbeing. They promised to give full cooperation and support to the activities of the Consultant assigned to carry out this assessment and sustainability of the various infrastructures. Table 12 Final Report 49 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works provides summary of FGC carried in six communities ( Tiga, Katsalle, Gwarmai, Ranian, Kuki and Anadariya) Table 12: Summary of FGC in Communities Date 26 -27th September 2024 Venue Community Halls in the six communities Agenda Focus of the meeting was the objective of the remedial works, inform the communities about the possible impacts, listen to their concerns and together fashion mitigation measures where possible Participant Details Response Women Group (Tiga They were happy about the new development. Most The team thanked the group for the Town) especially as their husbands farming along the dam information provided to them. They had complained about the access roads in moving assured that their concerns will be their produce. They also complained about the cracks captured in the assessment report. in their houses, which happened during rock Other requests made by the group will blasting. be captured for the necessary They also highlighted the presence of borrow pits attention of relevant authorities in which have become water-ponds and dumpsites. order to ensure mutual sustainability They also requested that the Contractor. should of their livelihood and the irrigation employ some of their youths as it is the practice of project other Contractor.s. Youth The youths wanted to know how they can be engaged The team encouraged the group that in the construction works. the potential Contractor. will look into They also inquired when the actual work will start as their request and they usually hire they have received several promises but are yet to unskilled labour. see any structure on ground WUAs One of the lead farmer stated that the cracks have All their concerns will be adequately been there for a longtime but was exacerbated by the related to the respective authorities. activities of the hydropower. The group informed the The team discussed all the possible team that issues associated these cracks including mitigations measures with the group seepage and movement of leaves along the canal and few measures noted for possible were reported to the Dam Project Manager. documentation. They complained vigorously that the management of HJRBDA exclude their contribution during and before maintenance of the dam Final Report 50 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL IMPACTS & RISKS 6.1 Introduction The assessment process was conducted through the use of an environmental and social risk assessment checklist. (Annex 2 &3). The checklist was administered per community through observation and consultations. This was used to identified site-specific issues and potential impact of the proposed remedial works. To gain an understanding of the potential risks and impacts of the proposed works, rating of identified risks was conducted into high, substantial, medium and low risks as shown below. Broadly, the methodology adopted for the identification and rating of the potential impacts of the proposed works is presented in figure 10 below and discussed in detailed. Impacts Identification Degree of Impact (Checklist, Impact Rating Significance of Identification Observation, Consultations, Impact Matrix experience) Figure 12: Impact Assessment Methodology 6.2 Impact Identification The process involved the administration of developed checklist, site visits, observations, and consultations with stakeholders. The environmental and social sensitivities that may be impacted during the project works are presented below in Table 13. Table 13: Impact Sensitivity Environmental Sensitivities Social Sensitivities • Air • Economic and Agricultural activities • Noise (Vibrations and sound waves) • Employment • Surface water • Public Health • Soil • Occupational Health and Safety • Erosion Sites • Community affairs • Borrow Pits In order to understand the magnitude or severity of the potential impacts of the remedial works, rating of identified potential impacts was conducted. Table 14 below presents the magnitude or severity of the effect to the physical and social environment caused by the potential impact of an activity, and the level of sensitivity of the receiving environmental and/or social receptor. The rating was done using a Leopold Matrix. Final Report 51 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Table 14: Potential Consequence Classification Magnitude of Effect Receptor Sensitivity Low change Medium change High change Low receptor sensitivity Low Medium Substantial Medium receptor sensitivity Low Medium Substantial High receptor sensitivity Medium Substantial High Degree of Significance Table 15 below shows the impact significance with associated impact ratings. Table 15: Degree of Impact Significance Impact Significance Impact Ratings High significance High Impact Medium Significance Medium Impact Low Significance Low Impact Negligible Significance Negligible Impact Impact Table The impact assessment matrix (Table 16) shows the magnitude or severity of the potential consequences. Only low - high impacts were considered for impact mitigation. Continuous improvement practices are expected to address low impacts. Furthermore, the positive impacts shall be monitored and enhanced when expedient. Table 16 Impact Assessment Matrix Nature of likely Impacts Adverse Beneficial Items ST LT R IR L W ST LT SI N Air Quality √ Soil √ Groundwater √ Surface Water Quality √ Transportation √ Agriculture √ Fisheries √ Aquatic Life √ Socioeconomics √ Final Report 52 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 6.2.2 Potential Positive Impacts The proposed project is expected to be largely beneficial especially to the farmers and fishermen. The remedial works are site-specific in which the civil activities will entail the use of heavy equipment, materials and labour influx. Positive Environmental & Socio-Economic Impacts • Creation of Employment Opportunities: There are clear indications that the remedial works will have tremendous positive impacts on the lives and livelihood of people within the area as well as on the environment and ecosystem. For instance, increase in direct and indirect employment opportunities in compliance to a presidential directive allowing preference to local content in all employment opportunities. To avoid the negative impacts associated with labour influx to host or beneficiary communities, the TRIMING Project will promote local sources especially for unskilled and semi-skilled labour • Optimization of Tiga Dam Performance: The works will avert risk of dam failure and further provide dam integrity which will to boost agricultural and animal production, fisheries, grazing and value chain enhancement. • Improvements in dam infrastructure, dam safety, reservoir monitoring and overall dam operations, management and maintenance (OMM). • De-silting of the field drains and removal of weeds which is expected to reduce flooding in the farm lands, and which in turn will reduce potential salinity problems • During construction/rehabilitation works, there will be short-term job creation for the locals especially the unskilled labour force in the project area. In the event that the Contractor.s consider to use labour intensive approach in the removal of typha grass (which will be helpful in order not to destroy the canal wall and lining), there will be more jobs for unemployed unskilled youths. • The influx of migrant workers, Contractor.s and visitors during construction phase of the project will stimulate demand and supply for cattle and agricultural produces, thereby, enhancing the income of the locals. Also, hawkers and vendors (example food vendors) will receive increase patronage from workers and visitors during the construction period. • Agricultural and food security in the nation: Increases in other opportunities to develop agriculture, livestock farming and other businesses .The development of the irrigation sectors is a positive impact of the project that will improve the food security situation of the country. This is because irrigation will aid all year-round production. Agricultural lands in the northern zone of the country receives less than 1000 mm of annual rainfall which is a big short coming for good crop yield. Intensive irrigation is therefore expected to boost the effort directed at meeting the food demands of 180 million hungry peoplein the land. • Increased internally generated revenue from irrigated agriculture for Tiga Dam • Improved management of Aquatic weeds especially cat tail (Typha grass) 6.2.3 Potential Negative Impacts Based on the proposed activities, the negative impacts will be predominantly Occupational Health and Safety due to movement of heavy equipment and site specificity. Furthermore, the remedial works will inevitably predispose the bio-physical and social components of the environment to varying degrees of negative impacts which range between low and medium. Table 17&18 provides summary of potential negative environmental, social and OHS impacts. Final Report 53 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Table 17: Potential Environmental Impacts Impacts Significance of Risk Mitigation Environmental Impacts 1. Temporary air pollution from Medium 1. Sprinkle earth roads with water particulate matter and gases due to reduce dust during movement to the movement of vehicles and of vehicles especially settlements equipment on untarred access and areas where public facilities roads. are nearby. 2. Temporary noise pollution from Low 2. Install noise mufflers on heavy movement of vehicles and duty equipment machineries/equipment operations 3. Temporary air pollution and Low 3. Schedule drilling activities noise due to drilling of trenches during times when the impact on at downstream slope. Tiga community is minimized, Generation of particulate matter such as avoiding night time or from dust and emission of gases early morning drilling sessions. with noise from drilling Keep local communities informed machines about the drilling schedule and activities, providing advance notice of potentially noisy operations. 4. Waste generated from removal of top Medium 4. The Hazardous waste should be bituminous pavement on the separated and risks handled to dam crest, weeds, trees. Other KSEPA with Waste Manifest. waste materials from Management of other non- construction, including excess soil hazardous waste (see Annex 3). and concretes from excavation, Ensure proper sorting; storage used for packaging construction and final disposal of waste, liaise materials, could lead to with registered KSEPA waste environmental nuisance and disposal outfit. Soil and rock public health concerns if poorly cuttings can be properly managed. channelled to flood embankments. 5. Materials sourcing such as sand, High 5. Ensure compliance with all clay, laterite, gravels may lead to relevant local, regional, and impacts related to sand mining national regulations governing and further extraction of laterite sand mining and quarry from abandoned borrow pits. And operations. Obtain necessary unlicensed quarries permits and licenses to operate legally and Contractor.s should ensure all materials are sourced from registered vendors or quarries. Contractors must implement Borrow Pit Management Plan should strictly be adhered to, see Annex 5 Final Report 54 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works There could be possible Low Device feasible alternatives, in contamination of water with collecting sediment laden water hydrocarbons, laterite and other runoff and ensure compaction debris (e.g. oil and diesel) and period is short from greasing/lubrication of gates and equipment on the downstream slope Table 18: Potential Social & OHS Impacts Social Impacts Impacts Significance of Risk Mitigation 1. Labour influx especially from skilled Medium 1. Project managers must ensure that all workers may induce conflicts and engaged workers are sensitized and sign SEA/SH risks, risk of STIs/STDs for Code of Conduct (CoC); zero tolerance for community members and staff. Influx of sexual relation with community members; Camp Followers could also increase the as much as possible workforce should be presence of sex workers in the from the community; provide basic communities amenities for workers like water, health, toilets 2. Lack of understanding or disregard Medium 2. Project team must provide project for local customs and traditions by the workers with comprehensive cultural project workers can lead to cultural awareness training before they engage insensitivity. This may result in with the local community. This training resistance from the local community should include information about local and damage relationships. customs, traditions, values, and etiquette. Establish open and regular communication channels between the project team and the local community. 3. The construction of temporary access Low 3. Proper and adequate stakeholder roads may temporarily alter movement consultation to address concerns around of goods and persons. This could disrupt the project's impact on the way of life and the local economy and way of life movement of goods. In view of this, construction activities should be phased to reduce the impacts and avoid critical periods such as breeding or migration seasons. 4. The project managers must ensure all 4. Community health and safety at risk Medium drivers are trained on substance abuse and due to movement of equipment, transport schedule plans. Vehicles should earthwork and vehicle to project sites not be overloaded with materials, use of which could lead to accidents due to bad flagmen and safety cautions, in built up access roads, disturbance of farmers areas, avoid movement in market areas on market days, limit movement during Final Report 55 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works and herders activities and religious religious activities, restrict access to be activities placed at work sites 5. Project managers must comply with the 5. Sourcing for unskilled labour may Medium ESMP Matrix especially the LMP in the lead to risks of child labour and increase Annex by implementing fair wages, dropout during rehabilitation activities. provision of PPEs and safe work conditions This could further predispose children as approved by the WUA vis-à-vis the to health & safety risks, Violence CONTRACTOR.’S Against Children (VAC) etc. 6. Establish transparent payment systems 6. Poor labour and working conditions Medium to ensure that workers understand how especially wages for community their wages are calculated. Establish a clear workers could lead to grievances and accessible grievance mechanism for workers to voice their concerns. 7. Security Risk Assessment& Mitigation 7. Insecurity can worsen due to Medium Measures can be seen in Annex 15. In presence of strange workers including addition, the WUA should work with the TRIMING, WUA, Consultants etc and project security adviser to develop a robust they can become victims of kidnapping, security management plan for the project banditry, insurgency, social conflicts in conjunction with the state Government etc. and the state security agencies including the police, Army, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) Significance of Risk Mitigation 1.OHS Risks from operation of High 1. Project management Units should equipment and civil works could lead to implement the site specific Occupational injuries, incidents and accidents for Health and Safety Management Plan (see workers Annex 16) 2. Exposure of workers to security risks Medium 2. Appropriate security measures as such as banditry, kidnapping etc. detailed in Annex 15 should be put in place 3. Poor labour and working conditions Medium 3. Project management units should could lead to ill-health and grievances provide a safe and conducive work environment including basic amenities like portable drinking water, food, WASH facilities, rest area for workers Low Final Report 56 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 4. Unfair recruitment procedures could 4. Recruitment processes should be fair, cause grievances, discrimination etc. non-discriminatory and the terms and poor or discriminatory wages could also conditions of employment including wages, lead to grievances and legal action work hours, rest hours, benefits, sanctions should be clearly indicated in the conditions and understood by all parties Risk of equipment falling into the dam High The contractor should strictly follow the body. method statement and ensure the earth filling and compaction period is maximized. Risk of humans falling in the dam High Emergency preparedness and rescue plan reservoir - drowning should be in place, Workers must be made aware of the risk and measures during tool box talk and strict adherence to OHS rules- no horse play ……… 6.3 Labour Influx, GBV Risks and Management Measures Labour Influx Risks The project will involve at least 10 skilled and 35 unskilled workers for the civil works as it may be difficult to source especially skilled workers from the communities due to lack of technical skills and capacity. The influx of workers and followers can lead to adverse social and environmental impacts which may include increased demand and competition for local social and health services, as well as for goods and services, which can lead to price hikes and crowding out of local consumers, increased volume of traffic and higher risk of accidents, increased demands on the ecosystem and natural resources, social conflicts within and between communities, increased risk of spread of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, increased rates of illicit behaviour and crime and risks of GBV/SEA/SH. See Annex 14 for Labour Influx Plan. Actions to be taken: • Harness local labour, such as through the WUAs • Train project workers on Code of Conduct, and ensure workers understand and sign the code of conduct as part of engagement process for the workers. • Establish structures such as work leave and holidays for workers to be with the family at intervals during the implementation duration of the proposed works. • Install signage around the project areas to discourage such illicit practices. Gender Based Violence (GBV) Risks Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is an expression of unequal gender relations in any society. It is first a violation of human rights, then, a global issue that cuts across boundaries of economic wealth, culture, religion, age, and sexual orientation. While GBV disproportionately affects women and girls, it also affects men and boys. In social and infrastructural projects such as the Kano State TRIMING Project, GBV can easily result from, or existing GBV issues within the communities can further be exacerbated as a result of labour influx into the project corridor (communities) during civil works. This can predispose girls within the community selected for the interventions to various forms of Final Report 57 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works GBV including Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), rape, sexual assaults, among others. To address these issues, the following measures can be followed. Existing Structures and Measures to Mitigate GBV/SEA/SH Risks by the TRIMING Project The Kano State Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development is the body responsible for the overall coordination of welfare and support for women and children in the state. It also champions/oversees from the state level, the interventions and efforts to address GBV related issues. Furthermore, Kano State have laws and policies in place to address GBV issues. These are presented in Table 197 below. Table 19 Kano State laws & policies for GBV response No. Laws/Policies Provisions 1 Kano State Fostering Edict of The Edict was established in 1983 and reviewed in the years 2000 1983 (as review in 2000 and and 2013, the edict bothers on the welfare of children and the 2013) process and procedures towards the adoption and fostering of children in Kano State. 2 Kano State Children and The law defines who a child is and who a young person is. It also Young Persons Law states the welfare and care of a child, and also bothers on treatment and custody of a child when he commits a criminal offence. 3 Kano State Penal Code Law The Penal Code of Kano State has considerable sections that bothers on a child in Kano State with provisions on offences committed against a child. The law criminalizes miscarriage of an unborn child, exposure of infants, cruelty to children, assault, force labour, unnatural offence, rape, and indecent assault. 4 Kano State Petty Trading The law prohibits street hawking, setting up of stalls, tables, and Prohibitions of Females and kiosk by female juveniles below the age of 16. Where a female Juvenile Law, 1984 juvenile is subjected to street hawking, setting up of stalls, tables and kiosk by a parent or guardian such juvenile shall be committed to the care of any other person fit to care for the juvenile whether a relative or not. 5 Kano State Shariah Penal Code The law has considerable sections bothering on offences against a Law child in Kano State such as the offence of rape. 6 Kano State Prohibition of The law prohibits subjecting a child to child labour and street Child Labour and Street begging either by parents, guardians, relatives, or Quranic School Begging Law teachers. Measures/Actions to be taken • Domestication of the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act in Kano State by the state government. • Implement activities provided in the GBV action plan. • Prioritize community engagements and integrate outcomes into the GBV Action Plan. • Conduct community training on sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and sexual harassment, reporting and accountability mechanisms • Include information on SEA/SH prevention and mitigation considerations in all relevant documents such as ESMPs, ToRs, CONTRACTOR.’S 7 Source: Laws Protecting Children against Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Kano State published by: Rule of Law & Empowerment Initiative –Partners West Africa- Nigeria Final Report 58 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Ensure the inclusion of qualified GBV Officer on the supervision consultant team and KRIS/HVIS PROJECT OFFICE’s team respectively • Production and provision of GBV Code of Conducts for all Contractor. staff and conduct training, GBV referral manuals will also be produced and distributed to all GBV focal persons in the communities. • Liaise with the NPMU/World Bank on providing Third Party Monitors (TPM) for the project with experienced GBV staff to monitor implementation of the SEA/SH Prevention and Response Action Plan and ensure all parties are meeting their responsibilities. Final Report 59 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction This chapter describe the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the remedial works which will contain only specific impacts with corresponding mitigation measures. The objective is to bring them to an acceptable level to guarantee economic, environmental and social sustainability of the project. Specific objectives of this ESMP include the following: • To examine the major activities and identify the aspects associated with the project implementation which generate environmental impacts, • Identify the environmental issues associated with the major activities, • Develop mitigation measures for the aspects identified as having environmental impacts, • Incorporate environmental mitigation measures into activities and develop corrective actions and ensure monitoring. • Define the specific actions required, roles and responsibilities for these actions, and associated costs and, • Define a proposed institutional structure to govern the implementation of the ESMP. The range of environmental, social and occupational health and safety issues associated with the remedial works are described in the matrix table format. The matrix tables are described under 3 phases, the pre-construction phase, construction phase and operational phase. 7.2 Environmental and Social Management Organization & Institutional Arrangement The successful implementation of the ESMP and the programs will depend on the combination of effort from the TRIMING Project Management Unit (PMU), Kano River Irrigation Scheme Management Office (KRISMO) especially the Dam Project Manager, procured Contractor.s, and the identified institutional leads relevant to the project. The roles and responsibilities of persons and institutions are discussed in the subsections below. Environmental and Social Management Organization (ESMO) The ESMP will be implemented effectively with the combination of efforts from the procured Contractors engaged by the TRIMING PMU, E&S KRIS Officers, Project Managers and Supervising Consultants to the Contractors The Contractor shall be responsible for onsite implementation of the ESMP. They shall provide adequate human and financial resources on an on-going basis to achieve effective implementation of the ESMP and assure continuous improvement of environmental and social performance. The Project Manager (PM) of the Contractor will constitute members of the ESMO, in addition to a Health and Safety Managers, who will be responsible for the coordination of all Health Safety and Environment (HSE) activities of the Contractor. The HSE Managers shall ensure awareness creation exercises especially on HIV/AIDS, environmental protection and personal hygiene for all stakeholders (including skilled and unskilled labourers) involved in project implementation. The Project Manager at Tiga Dam including the Supervising Consultants will also be part of the ESMO. They will be responsible for the implementation of project specific management plans as described Final Report 60 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works in the ESMP (e.g. monitoring program, site-specific safety management plans, site-specific waste management plans, health, safety and environmental management plans, etc. 7.2.3 Institutional Arrangement The roles and responsibilities of the various institutions are highlighted in table 20 below. Table 20: Institutional Responsibilities No. Institutions Roles and Responsibilities 1 Federal Ministry of Water Resources The Ministry is the lead institution for the overall project (FMWR) coordination and implementation of the ESMP. The FMWR hosts the TRIMING PMU. TRIMING PMU The PMU will be in charge of the daily coordination, supervision and implementation of the project’s components. The environmental and social management team from the PMU will comprise of the Project Coordinator, the Environmental, Social, Communication and Irrigation Specialist of the TRIMING PMU. 2 Federal Ministry of Environment For this ESMP, the FMEnv through the EA Department (FMEnv) and relevant agencies will play the role of lead environmental regulator, overseeing compliance requirements, granting consent and also monitoring or providing supervisory oversight for the project. 3 Federal Ministry of Power, Housing and The Ministry is a critical stakeholder due to the proposed Works hydropower component of the schemes. The ministry is responsible policy formulations and provides general direction in power, public works and housing sector. 4 Refuse Management and Sanitation REMASAB handles refuse and sanitation collection in Board (REMASAB) Kano State 5 Hadejia Jama’are River Basin The RBDA will ensure that environmental and socio- Development Authority (HJRBDA) economic concerns as elucidated in this addendum to the ESIA are integrated into all aspects of project implementation. 6 Kano River Irrigation Scheme Office They will be responsible for the implementation of Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme Office project specific management plans as described in the ESMP (e.g. monitoring program, site-specific safety management plans, site-specific waste management plans, health, safety and environmental management plans, etc. 7 Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) • Collaboration with Skippers Engineering and other EPC/O&M Contractor.s to ensure the implementation of the ESMP especially with regards to the transmission line component of the project. • Supervision of all HSE activities related to the transmission line during construction and operation phase. • Coordination of electricity transmission and Final Report 61 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works No. Institutions Roles and Responsibilities connection to grid. 8 Kano Electricity Distribution Company • Collaboration with Skippers Engineering and (KEDCO) other EPC/O&M Contractor.s to ensure the implementation of the ESMP especially with regards to the electricity distribution 9 Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) Ensure safety of all road users including highways 10 Local Government Area (LGA) Provision of oversight function across project activities in LGAs for ESMP compliance. Various departments within the LGAs will play critical roles in the ESMP implementation. 11 PAPs/Communities Provide comments and advice especially during consultation for the effective implementation of the ESMP 12 NGOs/CBOs Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, conducting scientific researches alongside Government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and techniques. 13 Nigerian Police Force (NPF) Ensures safety and security of the general public 7.3 Overview of the ESMP Matrix The ESMP Matrix as seen in Table 21 took cognizant of the work methodology proposed by the Contractor in section 3.5, in which the sub-activities are segmented into two phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Therefore, the potential impacts with corresponding mitigation measures would occur at different times during the sub-activities implementation period. Thus, the ESMP Matrix have been segmented into these phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2 in order to cover the two phases of sub-activities implementation periods with the appropriate responsible parties. Consequently, the total cost for mitigating these impacts are likely to double Final Report 62 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 7.3.1 ESMP Matrix Phase 1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE Table 21 ESMP & Monitoring Plan for Phase 1 S/No Activities Potential Impact Mitigation Responsibility Mitigation Parameters Method of Performance Sampling Monitoring Institutional Cost (N) Measures for Mitigation Cost (N) to be Measurement Indicator Location Frequency Responsibility Measured (Monitoring) ENVIRONMENTAL & OHS IMPACTS 1A Movement of Dust generation from Ensure that all HSE Personnel of 850,000 SO2, NOX, CO, In-situ Air Quality Project area Bi-monthly SCHEME E&S 280,000 materials, untarred access roads; vehicles are CONTRACTOR. VOC, PM2.5, measurement Parameters are and within OFFICERS, Kano vehicles and exhaust fumes of serviced; undergo PM10 within 1km State equipment to vehicles, equipment vehicle emission permissible Environmental & site through testing (VET) and limits Protection Agency temporary vehicle exhaust Evidence of VET (KSEPA) access road screening (VES). and VES Number of Site inspection Weekly vehicles/sites Limit number of Evidence of vehicles and compliance equipment to one Access route Project area Before or two marked out movement of vehicles Mark out access route within the area 2A Site clearing, Removal of vegetation Limit land HSE Personnel of 550,000 Amounts of Site inspection CONTRACTOR. Project site Before and SCHEME E&S 420,000 staging area and shrubs clearing to CONTRACTOR. vegetation compliance and area during land OFFICERS, KSEPA, and workers specific zone. cleared clearing Refuse camp Restriction of main Management and access road to Tiga Sanitation Board Dam Protect all Area of Land No of complaints Presence of (REMASAB) vegetation not seedlings required to be removed against Presence of damage. seedlings Replant or revegetate trees/shrubs Waste Generation through tree Waste Evidence of waste planting generation manifest Sites Liaise with REMASAB or licenced private waste collectors Predisposition to soil Avoid eroded area HSE Personnel of 784,000 No of eroded Site inspection Backfilled spots Project site Before and after SCHEME E&S erosion CONTRACTOR. spots project OFFICERS, KSEPA Backfill eroded completions spots with construction waste and cover Final Report 63 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works with rip-rap materials and available soil type 3A Stripping of Temporary removal of Segment a safe HSE Personnel of 685,000 Soil Quality Visual Soil Quality Equipment Bi-monthly SCHEME E&S 290,000 asphalt topsoil, Oil leakages and specific area CONTRACTOR. observation parameters are Storage OFFICERS, KSEPA pavement, from stacked for equipment within Area Removal equipment and dis- permissible existing colouration of topsoil Service limits curbstone and equipment and excavation of install a very loose temporary material and container for Transport collection Minimal noise impacts Retrofit vehicle HSE Personnel of 310,000 No of Noise Evidence of Project Weekly SCHEME E&S 450,000 exhausts with CONTRACTOR. Complaints measurement Compliance Area OFFICERS, KSEPA sound-control or from affected sound -proofing communities devices No of Carry out retrofitted activities during vehicles; off-peak periods Vehicle Provide PPEs for movement workers frequency Usage of ear plugs/ muffs 4A Same as 1-3A Risk of accidents and Implement site HSE Personnel of 1,150,000 Compliance Site inspection Numbers and Project area Weekly Scheme E&S 350,000 injuries specific CONTRACTOR. with OHSMP Minutes of OHS Officers Occupational No of workers Consultation training /tool box Respiratory diseases to Health and Safety Trained meeting Workers due to Management Plan No of inhalation of exhaust (OHSMP) accidents, Evidence of fumes and dusts incidents or Compliance The OHSMP will injuries through minutes Noise Pollution entail: - Provision Noise level of meetings of Hazard Community Health and Communication Safety both to pupils Procedures and residents (HAZCOM); Job Hazard Analysis (JHA); OHS Training program; Accident Provision of adequate first aid, first aiders, use of PPE, signage (Hausa and English languages). Final Report 64 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Cordon off unauthorized areas such as staging area, work area etc Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management Workers should get a daily induction/toolbox before work commences Use reflective tapes and signage integrated in all worksites for safety at night Appropriate security measures in place to prevent harassment or kidnapping of workers 5A Borrow pit Risks of falls, accidents Implement site HSE Personnel of 10,150,500 Compliance Borrow Pit Site Numbers and Borrow Pit Bi-monthly Supervision 1,350,000 and other injuries to specific CONTRACTOR. with OHSMP Minutes of OHS Area Consultant Preparation the body Occupational Consultation training /tool box Health and Safety No of borrow meeting Scheme E&S Respiratory diseases to Management Plan pits Officers Workers due to (OHSMP) Evidence of inhalation of exhaust No of BPMP fumes and dusts during The OHSMP will accidents, excavation of materials entail: - Provision incidents or of Hazard injuries Grievances from Communication Noise level residents/communities Procedures over movement of (HAZCOM); Job equipment, flying Hazard Analysis materials from moving (JHA); OHS vehicles during Training excavation. program; Accident Provision of adequate first aid, first aiders, use of PPE, signage (Hausa and English languages). Final Report 65 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Increase in noise level Ensure all above permissible vehicles and noise level, (90dB) and machines are fugitive dust during serviced before vehicular movement being brought to may create nuisance for site locals Select and use vehicles/ equipment with lower sound power levels. Ensure vehicles/ equipment not in use are turned off Abandoned borrow Implement BPP pits resulting into community Health and Safety of residents, waste dumpsites, hotspots for multiplication of vector-borne diseases etc. Sub-total 14, 479,500 3,140,00 0 SOCIAL IMPACTS 1B Movement of Obstruction to access Movement of HSE Personnel of 335,200 Evidence of Site inspection No. of complaints Project site Weekly SCHEME E&S 420,500 earth route for farmers, equipment and CONTRACTOR. cordoned area OFFICERS Team materials herders and others materials should off access ,equipment to be done when route staging area Grievances from locals farming activities over movement of are minimal equipment and vehicles Find alternative access route and cordon it off Conflicts between locals and workers CONTRACTOR.’s 403,220 Recruitment compliance Monthly No of locals records Ensure recruited CONTRACTOR.s employ locals Provide adequate sensitization Increase in noise level Ensure all HSE Personnel of See 3A Noise level In-situ Noise level (Not Project Daily E&S Team E&S 378,000 above permissible vehicles and CONTRACTOR. measurement of to exceed Area UNIT noise level, (90dB) machines are Number and noise level 90dB(A) for 8 during vehicular serviced before frequency of Final Report 66 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works movement may create being brought to complaints in hours working nuisance for locals site project area period Select and use vehicles/ equipment with lower sound power levels. Ensure vehicles/ equipment not in use are turned off 2B Removal of Grievances from Mobilization of HSE Personnel of 2,655,000 Appropriate Visual No. of complaints Project Weekly SCHEME E&S 351,,000 weeds, residents, WUAs over equipment and CONTRACTOR. signage in observation received within Area OFFICERS Team identification movement of machinery should local the project area. of borrow equipment, flying be done at off- languages Interview pits, staging materials from moving peak period Zero area and vehicles and if Incident/ incident/accident workers camp equipment is not Ensure caution Accident report parked at designated signs at strategic Report location. locations in both English and Hausa Grievance from non- languages to warn payment, unpaid or PAPs. overdue land lease for setting up of workers Ensure vehicles camp. and equipment are parked at Conflicts amongst Camp site and locals arising from designated areas purchase of borrow pit ONLY. areas Any incident/ accidents should be reported immediately to the CONTRACTOR. & E&S UNIT Cover truck conveying materials to site to prevent materials falling and causing injuries to pedestrians & motorists Ensure payment of land lease for workers camp in due time. 3B Presence of Anxiety from locals in Provide CONTRACTOR. 1,218,102 Number of Attendance list / Compliance to Project Prior to project E&S UNIT 630,000 foreign terms of insecurity, sensitization with support from trained training report SEA/SH Area implementation Gender/GBV workers competing for scarce training to TA E&S UNIT Personnel Accountability Officer Final Report 67 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works resources may induce improve and Response threats to life and awareness and Plan safety sensitivity of workers Engage competent security personnel and train them regularly Implement GRM. Labour Influx which Limit the number HSE Personnel of 1,241,000 No of Visual Community Project area Once during SSO, Gender & 475,000 could lead to Increase of migrant CONTRACTOR. reported. observation and perception and pre- GBV Officers of the in sexual activities and workers by cases interviews level of rehabilitation E&S UNIT potential spread of engaging local Stakeholders satisfaction. STDs/STIs within the workers. concerns on Rapid health Once during project area risk of GBV. survey Level of rehabilitation Awareness Consultations awareness and campaign on Workers knowledge of May induce SEA/SH sexual diseases, manual, preventive and other GBV Issues and distribution employment GBV Incident measures. of male and codes etc Report female condoms. Signed CoCs with Level of the PCU awareness of Develop an local culture Conduct of induction by migrant sensitization program workers. campaigns including a code of conduct for all Grievance workers. Redress System Code of conduct to address the Ratio of following: Respect migrant to for local residents. local workers Zero tolerance of 3,500,000 for the illegal activities operationalization Presence of such as child of GRM. security sexual personnel exploitation and Level of underage sex, Awareness prostitution, and harassment of Education women, GBV, purchase or use of illegal drugs, Disciplinary measures and sanctions (e.g. dismissal) for infringement of the code of Final Report 68 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works conduct and/or company rules; Commitment / policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies investigating perpetrators of gender-based violence. Total for Pre-construction Stage 20,077,022 5,394,5 00 CONSTRUCTION STAGE S/No Activities Potential Impact Mitigation Responsibility Mitigation Paramete Method of Performance Sampling Monitori Institutional Cost (N) Measures for Mitigation Cost (N) rs to be Measurem Indicator Location ng Responsibility Measured ent Frequenc (Monitoring) y ENVIRONMENT & OHS IMPACTS 1A Civil works on Increase in cement Implement activities Contractor’s HSE 900,610 Period of Site Reduction in Project Weekly KRIS E&S Team, 250,510 dam crest and and fugitive dusts during off-peak implementat inspection onsite/work area facilities; KSEPA embankment from untarred routes activities ion dust levels specifically Use PPEs work areas Ensure watering where applicable prior to and during civil works in order to reduce the release of dusts Implement Waste Management Plan (See Annex 9) Indiscriminate Provision of mobile Contractor’s HSE 730,650 Evidence of Site Contractor’s Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team 300,210 defecation or open toilets useable Inspection compliance defecation by toilets construction workers Civil works, Noise disturbance in a Hire and use only Contractor’s HSE 1,110,400 Noise level Site Number of Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team, 495,100 movement of serene environment good vehicles; and air inspection complaints KSEPA vehicles, Dust due to retrofit with sound quality materials and movement of vehicles proofing devices equipment on untarred roads Contractor’s Implement activities No of Vehicle compliance and Flying when farming complaints inspection document objects/materials activities are as regard verification may get into eyes, minimal farming and lungs of locals or community residents disruptions Final Report 69 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Cover vehicles with tarpaulin Vehicle Movement Manifest Number of vehicles using tarpaulin Land degradation and Reuse excess Contractor’s HSE 1,368,500 Quarry Site Compliance Project site Monthly KRIS E&S Team 550,100 increased stockpile to back fill Lease of inspection susceptibility to pits during grading quarry sites Pictures Evidence of spoil erosion due to management/ excavation of earth Revegetate with List of Spoil stockpiling KSEPA materials around and appropriate plant licensed for reclamation in borrow pits species vendors Developed Ensure sourcing of site earth materials from Reclamation registered quarries Plan and licensed construction vendors with appropriate quarry lease to prevent illegal sand mining. 2A Civil works, Accidental spillage of Buy and use only Contractor’s HSE 685,071 Number of Site Contractor.’s Project Site Weekly KRIS E&S Team 306,103 Earthworks, lubricants and paints required quantity waste inspection compliance drilling of chemical collection trenches and Collect slurry into containers sealing of Impact on structural labelled container cracks integrity of Dam Ensure strict adherence to technical specification of works Accumulation of solid Ensure proper Contractor’s HSE 825,500 Waste Site Reduction in Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team, 450,100 wastes including sorting; storage and Manifest inspection visible waste site REMASAB construction waste final disposal by a or debris and debris licensed waste Manifest for Verification of disposal agency waste reuse documents Implement Waste Management Plan (see annex 9) Ensure recycling of removed materials through approved Final Report 70 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works recycling facilities to conserve resources. Ensure no waste is left behind on the farm after construction 3A Operation of GHG Emission Turn off engine Contractor’s HSE 425,350 GHG Air quality Compliance Card Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team, 100,550 equipment when not in use Emissions assessment Report used during the Use or hire vehicles construction or equipment that phase are in good condition generally less than 5 years old. 4A Mechanical Generation of Collection, Contractor’s HSE 861,920 Waste Site Absence of e- Project Area Bi-monthly KRISO E&S, 497,200 works (laying hazardous waste, segregation and Manifest inspection waste on site REMASAB of geotextile sorting; Implement materials and WMP; drilling Sign agreement with trenches a licensed waste 5A Same as 1-4A Accidents such as OHS training and Contractor’s HSE 795,850 No of Consultation Number of Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team 302,450 Injuries, drowning, education i.e workers with workers accidents/incide explosions, electrical Conduct routine JHA trained nts fires, leakages, falls, Site slips, release of Use of PPE; OHS Plan Observation Minutes of hazardous energy, Training /tool deaths etc Compliance box talk Community health Implement the OHS Contractor’s HSE 850,830 Evidence of Documentatio No of Complaints Project Area Bi-monthly KRIS E&S Team 420,000 and safety within this report &: CONTRACT n from Develop SOP for all OR.’S Community/WU tasks As/Youths Soil & water Ensure Task and Contractor.’s HSE 610,000 Installation Visual Soil quality Project camp Monthly KRIS E&S Team, 350,450 contamination from Operation Schedules of observation sites and KSEPA spillages of oil and are reviewed before impermeabl equipment other petroleum commencement of e platform at packing zones products from work. limit zone. leakages and/or improper handling during drilling Ensure all vehicles and machines are serviced before being brought to site to avoid leaks of oil. Prevent unregulated dumping of fuel waste. Install impermeable surface at fuel storage areas, vehicle servicing & Final Report 71 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works limit zone to contain potential leakages. Generation of spoils Ensure stockpile Contractor.’s HSE 959,320 Evidence Visual Compliance Bridge Monthly 301,500 and other excavated and disposal areas materials are stable and of observatio with location, protected against stockpile n Mitigation along erosion and not protectio realigned interfere with run n section of off or subsequent Construction the activities. Evidence approach of spoil road Stockpile to be covered and stored reuse in a sealed and bonded area in order to divert storm water away. Reuse stockpile as fill materials Sub-total 8,364,681 2,138,273 SOCIAL IMPACTS 1B Civil works, Risk of Child Labour Ensure that children Social Officer 978,300 Categories Documentatio CONTRACTOR.’S Project Bi-monthly State Ministry of 304,900 Earthworks which can lead to and minors are not (KRIS ) of n Compliance Corridor Women Affairs and Concrete and Violence Against employed directly or Gender/GBV employees Social development reinforcement Children indirectly on the Officer, NGO Consultations Absence of survey project Number and under-aged KRIS E&S Team reports of children Implement campaigns sensitization and Number of campaign against meetings complaints child labour Signed Code Good work of Conduct enforcement procedures Compliance to LMP Regular stakeholders’ meetings All employees must sign code of conduct that stipulate zero tolerance to child labour either directly or indirectly Implement the LMP which addresses Child labour 2B Staging Area Obstruction to Select and cordon- Contractor’s HSE 403,500 Area Site Contractor’s Project site Bi-monthly KRIS E&S Team 186,350 movement of farmers, off areas off access TRIMING E&S selected inspection Compliance Community actors residents and herders route Team KRISO Final Report 72 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works No of complaints 3B Civil works Fugitive Dust may Works should be Contractor’s HSE 1,359,850 Air quality In-situ Air quality is Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team, 559,210 on the likely affect the done during off- measurement within and its KSEPA downstream community health & seasons or less permissible corridor slope safety especially farming activities limits areas with earth- Vehicles Vehicle Same as 1-2B based roads Vehicles conveying with inspection materials should be tarpaulin Contractor’s covered with compliance tarpaulin Inspection Daily Water is Wet earth roads and sprinkled civil works areas daily Compliance daily Inspection Daily Minimize speed of Speed limit movement of Compliance Noise: disturbance in vehicles on earth Daily a serene environment roads to reduce the Consultation may affect their daily amount of dust with residents work schedule, released Noise level psychology and peace Number of of mind of both complaints residents and Ensure all vehicles workers and machines undergo service before being brought to site with continuous regular maintenance. Select and use vehicles/ equipment with lower sound power levels. Ensure vehicles/ equipment not in use are turned off Fit vehicles with sound proof devices and use good vehicles Provide PPEs for workers Equipment falling into the dam body and OHS accidents The approved such as drowning, design should be falls, near-miss strictly followed and compaction period should be phased Final Report 73 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 4B Civil works Labour Influx; which Engage local Contractor’s HSE 718,400 Number of Contract Contractor.’s Project One-off WUA, Component 240,100 may lead to conflicts workforce in the local work- Verification compliance to Corridor Lead amongst locals and appropriate skills force Site E&S Measures employees; inspection competition for Incorporate social Evidence of Number of local limited resources environmental social and Document employees Monthly KRIS E&S Team such as water, light, measures into the environmen verification materials etc. civil works contract tal measures in civil Implement the LMP works within this report contract Compliance to LMP 5B Replace Occurrence of Mandatory and Contractor’s HSE 2,160,610 No of Consultation Contractor.’s Project Area Monthly KRIS E&S Team 350,102 vegetative onsite/off-site, social regular training for Training Compliance soil, fill and vices (Fights, rape, workers on required Conducted Records compact the harassments, theft, lawful conduct in and Level of downstream vandalization, drug host community and attendance Site awareness slope and use etc.) legal consequences list inspection restore for failure to comply and drainage Threat to health and with laws. observation channels and safety of locals stairs Sensitization on the working GRM to receive complaints Engage local residents as part of Increase in SH/SEA employees and train due to presence of them on code of foreign workers near conduct, GBV local residents (SEA/SH) Training program for project personnel to include GBV(SEA/SH) issues. Project workers should enjoy the privilege of retreating to visit their families before returning to site. Provision of gender- based awareness Abuse of cultural campaign within the norms communities. Partnering with NGOs/CBOs in the project area who Final Report 74 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works are actively involved in gender- based issues. Develop an induction program including a code of conduct for all workers. Code of conduct to address the following: Respect for local residents; No hunting or unauthorized taking of products or livestock. Provide cultural sensitization training to improve awareness of and sensitivity of workers to local cultures, traditions, and lifestyles. 6B Movement of Temporary Construction should Contractor’s HSE 503,650 Constructio Site No of complaint Project Area Weekly KRIS E&S Team 650,980 laterite, clay disruption of farming be done during off- n period inspection and other geo- activities and social peal periods textile changes Staff time-in materials and time out On-going civil works Risk of communicable Provide Contractor’s HSE 1,475,650 Number of Consultations Number of Project Area Monthly diseases such as opportunities for trainings, complaints/incid sexually transmitted workers to regularly awareness Interviews ents diseases (STDs) return to their and including HIV/AIDS families. attendance from interaction list among construction Institute HIV workers prevention programs (peer education etc.) Liaise with appropriate health focused NGOs to undertaking health awareness and Increase risk of education initiatives transmission of on STDs amongst COVID-19 , Lassa workers and in Fever nearby communities. Final Report 75 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Sensitizatio Sensitization and n record awareness for sheets employees on COVID-19 COVID-19, Lassa Fever and the use of Sensitizatio non-pharmaceutical n reporting preventive measures Ensure compliance to guidelines prepared by the NCDC and WHO 7B Ongoing civil Grievances from non- Engage only Contractor’s HSE Nil Record of Document No of complaints Project Site Monthly KRIS E&S Team, 450,150 works payment of staff personnel you can payment Inspection CONTRACTOR.’S which can lead to adequately pay schedule delay in job completion, social Engage more casual Number of vices and other workers to reduce permanent/ conflicts financial cost casual workers Prepare payment schedule alongside materials BOQ Use of illicit drugs Prohibition of drug Contractor’s HSE Nil Records of Visual and Number of Project Area Bi-monthly KRIS E&S Team and alcohol use by awareness random workers fully workers while on observation educated on the the job through side effects awareness & Discussions sensitization on side effects of drug abuse 8B Conveying Collapse, injuries, Develop and Contractor’s HSE 2,931,670 No of Visual Zero Project Site Weekly KRIS E&S Team 670,320 and lifting falls, cuts, abrasions, implement site trained observation incident/acciden heavy deaths which can lead specific workers, t report equipment to delay in Occupational Health first Aiders Records completion of daily and Safety Plan Same as 1-3B tasks and project which will include Usage of timeline JHA/PHA, Safe work appropriate Practice, Use of PPE PPE Provision of Usage of adequate first aid, signages and first aiders, PPE, demarcation signages (English s and Hausa languages), Accident/ engineering barriers Incident Report Restrict unauthorized access to all areas of high- risk activities. Final Report 76 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Implementation of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management. Ensure that staging areas for equipment are adequately delineated and cordoned off with reflective tapes and barriers. Any uncovered work pits should have appropriate signage and protection around them. Workers should get a daily induction/toolbox before going on the site and a refresher of what happened on site a day before. Adequate safety signage within construction sites should be installed to alert community/ drivers/pedestrians. Lighting and reflective tapes and signages should be worn by all workers. Security risks to Appropriate WUA’s 1,821,750 Security Records of No of security Project Area Bi-monthly Supervision 650,100 workers. kidnapping, security measures in personnel consultation incidents Consultant hostage taking and place to prevent engaged. and KRIS E&S Team armed attacks in view harassment or Interviews WUA’s of the prevailing kidnapping. Level of Police insecurity in the SRMP country Consult the local implement residents on present security measures ation Employ local vigilantes as security personnel and inform Police and Civil Defence Final Report 77 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works about the project work. Reduce working hours, road travel and exposure to security threats. Engage local workers to reduce the number of migrant workers. Implement project security risk management plan Total for Construction Stage N17,602,951 N6,431,5 27 Final Report 78 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works OPERATION PHASE S/N Activities Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility for Mitigation Cost Parameters to Method of Performance Sampling Monitoring Institutional Costs (NGN) o Mitigation (NGN) be measured measurement indicator Location Frequency Responsibility (Monitoring) A. Environmental & OHS Impacts 1A Usage of embankment Generation of Provide waste bins that Dam Project Part of Tiga Dam Waste Document inspection Good housekeeping Dam Area Monthly KRIS E&S Team N3,560,850 Drainage and downslope different types of are immovable but can be Manager Operational cost management wastes – solid easily tipped off from practices waste due to down or up movement of for monitoring people around Waste Manifest during months of intervention area start of operations KSEPA/ WASH Depts in KSEPA/ WASH of the facilities LGAs to ensure periodic Depts, LGAs Site inspection/ before the project waste disposal Observation hands over to the HJRBDA Drainage to be evacuated periodically Poor maintenance Prepare a maintenance Dam Project Part of Tiga Dam Maintenance Physical inspection Good waste Main Canal Quarterly KRISO E&S Team of mains and schedule Manager Operational cost schedule management drainage may lead practices to damage of dam facilities Good housekeeping Routine maintenance Final Report 79 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Ministry of Education 2A Operation of heavy Exhaust fumes Periodic air quality 0&M, KRISMO Complaints Review of reports Compliance to Project Area One -off KSEPA, Covered as part of machineries for regular from equipment monitoring (especially Compliance NESREA (state) monitoring costs maintenance and diesel Hydrogen Sulphide generator plants (H2S), NOx, SOx, CO. Machines could be KRISO E&S Team turned off when not in 1,150,000 use, in order to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. Supervision Establish and enforce Consultant emissions management controls 3A Increased farming Change in soil Training on Sustainable E&S KRIS Office TBD Trainings are Training Manual Absence of Upstream and Quarterly E&S Unit activities profile Land Management conducted downstream HJRBDA farming arae Increase in soil (SLM) practices salinity Possible water logging and leaching B. Social Impacts 1B Temporary closure of Disruption of Ensure routine Dam Project 2,560,320 Number of Maintenance Frequency of shut- Tiga Dam and TBD HJRBDA, Scheme 956,230 main-canal or socio-economic maintenance practices Manager, complaints Records down periods Main Canal officers, drainage due to activities Inform Upstream and maintenance (or other Livelihood downstream farmers Compliance reasons), and Water Users and Local Officer subsequent Communities beforehand when sudden shut down occurs or is envisaged. 2B Lack of capacity to Social crises and Recruit/regular training HJRBDA, 6,469,301 Number of new Documentation of Frequency & Quality Scheme Annually FMWR, Dam Unit 850,104 implement safeguards environmental for E&S Officers of the SMWR, staff employed safeguard training of Safeguard Report degradation will HJRBDA and date and number of staff cause project trained failure Negligence of the Dam 3B Increased Implement IPM Plan IPM Consultant 6,340,102 Optimization of Documentation of Good house- Tiga Dam and Monthly HJRBDA, 860,210 presence of facility regular maintenance keeping project area termite mounds, Final Report 80 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works weeds on Manual removal of downstream and grasses upstream slope, Regular cleaning and main-canal dredging of sediments in canals Use of herbicides, aerial and ground spraying with insecticides, rodenticides and anti-bird sprays 4B Operations of Dam Security issues: Ensure implementation E&S Unit HJRBDA Part of Project Security plans Review security plan Availability of Schemes Continuous HJRBDA, 2,413,520 of security plan Design/ Security and Incident records security strategy costs Incidents Install and secure tall flood lights and CCTV cameras with tamper proof screws as part of Ministry of security measures to Education in capture movement in and collaboration with around project area security agencies and local Part of state communities budget Total for Operation Stage N16,519,72 N5,150,000 3 Total for ESMP MATRIX PHASE 1 N44,199, N13,976,0 694 27 Final Report 81 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 7.3.2 ESMP Matrix Phase 2 Table 22: ESMP & Monitoring Plan for Phase 2 S/No Activities Potential Impact Mitigation Responsibility Mitigation Parameters Method of Performance Sampling Monitoring Institutional Cost (N) Measures for Mitigation Cost (N) to be Measurement Indicator Location Frequency Responsibility Measured (Monitoring) ENVIRONMENTAL , SOCIAL & OHS IMPACTS 1B SAME AS PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE EXCLUDING BORROW PIT PREPARATION 2B SAME AS CONSTRUCTION STAGE 3B SAME AS OPERATION STAGE Total for ESMP MATRIX PHASE 1 N32,049,194 N11,025,527 All impacts and corresponding mitigation measures for Phase 2 will be implemented as indicated in the ESMP Matrix Table 21 excluding Borrow Pit Preparation (5A). Thus, the total mitigation cost for Phase 2 ESMP Matrix is N32,049,194 while monitoring cost N11,025,527 Final Report 82 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 7.4 ESMP Implementation Schedule According to the Contractor’s work-plan for Tiga Dam, it is expected that the activities related to the ESMP Matrix as seen above should be integrated into the overall Contract Agreement. The project implementation is estimated to be completed within 8 months which is segmented into 2 phases. • Phase One – 3 months Completion Period • Phase Two – 6 months Completion Period Therefore, the ESMP Matrix implementation schedule is segmented into two phases and should be implemented across the estimated within 8 or beyond as the case maybe. Table 23 provides only the 8 month completion period as advised by the Project. Table 23 ESMP Implementation Schedule S/No Activity Responsibility Before pre- Pre- Construction (2025) Operation construction construction Phase (2024) Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb - Apr- Jun Feb- Jun- Mar May Jun Dec 2025 Phase One ( Nov 2024 -Jan 2025) 1 Drafting, Clearance and TRIMING E&S Team Formal Disclosure of Addendum ESIA 2 Inclusion of TRIMING E&S Team Environmental & Social Requirements into the Bidding document 3 Finalization of In-house Engineer and Engineering Designs Procurement 4 Review and Approval of TRIMING E&S Team/ Contractor’s ESMP Supervision Consultant 5 Environmental and Technical Consultant Social Training for Contractor workers 6 Mobilization to site Contractor 7 Site Clearing 8a. Construction Activities Phase Two (Feb – Jun 2025) 8b Construction Activities 9 Implementation of E & Contractor Mitigation 10 Supervising ESMP Supervising Implementation Consultant 11 Monitoring & Reporting KRIS E&S Team on ESMP /Relevant MDAs Implementation Post Remedial works Final Report 83 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan The monitoring and evaluation plan will be the responsibility of the KRIS Safeguard Team for all measures outlined in the ESMP matrix but will delegate certain responsibilities to the Contractor (in this case is responsible for the civil works) and Supervising Consultant. Such delegation of responsibility shall be documented as part of contractual agreements to guarantee compliance and commitment on the part of the supervising consultant to supervise and on the part of the contractors to implement the ESMP Matrix. As most of the mitigation measures are the obligations of the Contractor during project implementation, the contractor shall prepare the Contractor’s ESMP (C - ESMP) considering the measures in this ESMP Matrix and other E&S Plans especially the Borrow Pit Management Plan including the GBV Action Plan, Labour Management Plan, Project GRM The monitoring plan (Internal and External Monitoring) for the ESMP Matrix is presented in Table 24 below. Monitoring results shall be documented with preventive/corrective actions to be implemented. Table 24 Monitoring Plan Monitoring Action Responsibility Period Performance Indicator Internal Monitoring Regular site visit to Supervising During Pre- Monitoring Reports ensure that the Contractor, construction, and documentation mitigation measures Contractor’s HSE, construction and as described below and actions specified KRIS Safeguard Operation Phases in the ESMP Matrix Team are implemented and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. Site visit for During construction Observations and monitoring and Phase Monitoring Reports inspection to ensure presented to the CONTRACTOR KRISO. adhere strictly to the engineering designs and specifications for the project External Monitoring Regular site visit to KSEPA, FMEnv and During Pre-remedial Inspect monitoring ensure project is other relevant works Construction reports from implemented in an MDAs. and Operation Safeguard units environmentally & Phases socially sustainable Provide feedback on manner using the observations. monitoring indicators specified Enforce corrective in the ESMP Matrix actions where and other national necessary. and international environmental & social requirements 7.5.1 Reporting Plan The reporting procedures presented in Table 25 below have been developed in order to ensure that KRIS Safeguard Team is able to receive feedback from the implementation of the ESMP Matrix as an on-going basis and to take rapid corrective actions if there are issues of non-conformance. Final Report 84 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Table 25 Reporting Plan Phase Responsibility Deliverables Frequency Accountability Preconstruction E&S Unit Report of monitoring Bi-weekly Project Manager activities including of Tiga Dam, any specific events TRIMING, KSEPA on request Construction E&S Unit Monitoring Reports Monthly/ Project Manager of E&S Compliance Quarterly/ Half of Tiga Dam, Supervision from all project sites yearly/ annual TRIMING, State Consultant MDAs including Quarterly, half-yearly KSEPA, Water WUA and annual reports Resources, for the attention of Women Affairs, the TRIMING World Bank Safeguard/WB E&S Unit Additional Reports As required Project Manager according to specific of Tiga Dam Supervision conditions e.g. National Consultant Accidents, serious TRIMING, World environmental/social Bank Contractor impacts, grievances Third Party Reports on effective Quarterly/ Project Manager Monitors implementation of Annual of Tiga Dam E&S activities National TRIMING, World Bank Operaion E&S Unit Monitoring Report Once Tiga Sector Head especially on Borrow of WUA, WUA Pit Reclamation Project Manager including all of Tiga Dam, monitoring activities National throughout project TRIMING, implementation Ministry of Water Resources. Report to be archived and made available on request 7.5.2 Record Keeping The contractor is required to keep records providing evidence of ongoing mitigation activities. Such records may include site monitoring plan, Site Specific HSE Plan, Waste Management Plan, Traffic Control Plan, signed Code of Conducts, Emergency response and preparedness procedures, site instructions, training records, complaints records, incident report, Inspection, maintenance and equipment calibration records. These documents should be made available to the E&S Team of the KRISO upon request. The supervision consultants to the Contractor are required to keep records of non-compliance and corrective actions taken. These documents should be made available to the E&S Team of KRIS upon request. Final Report 85 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works The E&S team of KRIS is also required to keep records to provide evidence of monitoring activities and effectiveness of the monitoring plan. The site monitoring plan will identify problems/corrective actions and monitoring reports. These documents shall be made available to the National TRIMING, World Bank and other relevant regulators upon request. In addition, all significant communications with MDAs should be documented and kept. These documents are required to track performance in order to achieve and demonstrate compliance with the monitoring plan and applicable regulatory requirements 7.6 Cost of Implementing the ESMP In view of the work methodology outlined by the Contractor in implementing the sub-activities in two phases, the overall total estimated cost to effectively implement the mitigation and monitoring measures recommended in the ESMP Matrix for both Phases is N98, 250,442 as seen in table 26 below. The cost of mitigation for Phase 1 is N41, 199,694 while Phase 2 is N32, 049,194, these costs should be included in the contract as part of the implementation cost by the Contractor Table 26 Cost for the Implementation of ESMP Item Responsibility Cost Estimate in Naira (N) Phase 1 Mitigation Contractor 41,199,694 Monitoring KRIS E&S Team 11,976,027 Sub-total for Phase 1 53,175,721 Phase 2 Mitigation Contractor 32,049,194 Monitoring KRIS E&S Team 11,025,527 Sub-total for Phase 2 43,074,721 GRM Operation State Safeguard Team, WUAs 2,000,000 OVERALL ESTIMATED 98,250,442 COST Final Report 86 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 8.1 Conclusion The project is envisaged to have a largely positive impact on the benefitting farmers, herders and recipient communities. The potential negative environmental and social impacts which were identified can be mitigated with strict compliance to the mitigation measures stated in the ESMP Matrix. The ESMP and the mitigation costs will need to be embedded in the Bidding Document to ensure implementation costs are adequately budgeted for by the KRIS and HVIS Project Offices 8.2 Recommendation The following recommendations are provided for the effective implementation and sustainability of the ESMP: • Proper handing over of completed projects to the WUA leadership, to increase acceptance and enhance sustainability • Construction activities should be scheduled during off-peak periods and residents within and around Tiga town should be notified about potential impacts • The E&S UNIT/KRIS PROJECT OFFICE/MDAs involved in monitoring of the ESMP implementation will need to be adequately trained in line with the capacity building plan in the report • The E&S UNIT should endeavour to establish the GRM in all project locations timely to enable stakeholders channel enquiries to the project. This includes installing complaint boxes, setting up GRCs amongst others • Considering the security situation across locations in the Country, it is advised that the KRIS PROJECT OFFICE workers and any other team engaged by the project make adequate security arrangements for site work. The E&S UNIT should also keep abreast of the security situation in the various project LGAs and inform all relevant parties accordingly • With respect to GBV, it is important for the E&S UNIT to conduct sensitization program for staff, KRIS PROJECT OFFICE, and community members especially women and girls on prevention strategies and the available reporting and response mechanisms, as well as the grievance redress mechanism in place for the TRIMING project in Kano state. • As earlier stated, in the course of rehabilitation works, there would be moderate to severe likelihood of the occurrence of workplace hazards. Personnel will be predisposed to hazards. “Unsafe behaviours� and “unsafe conditions�. Occupational disasters happen more due to “unsafe behaviours� compared to “unsafe conditions�. Hence, project/site workers should be trained on unsafe behaviours and be provided with necessary equipment to practice safe behaviours. Further, the necessary facilities to facilitate safe conditions and discourage unsafe behaviours should be made available to workers • For effective waste management on site, the KRIS PROJECT OFFICE should sign an agreement with KSEPA. This would ensure control of proper collection and disposal of construction wastes Furthermore, the KRIS PROJECT OFFICE should implement the waste management plan during the period of project implementation • Construction Safety signs and boards should be installed to protect workers and the public around the construction sites Final Report 87 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works REFERENCES Emergency Repairs of longitudinal cracks on the crest of Tiga dam embankment in Kano state, 2024 Final Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIS), the Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project (HVIS) and their cumulative impact, 2017 ISO 14001 Guidance Manual Kano State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA). (1989). Rural water supply project, Vol. II, Summary of Hydrogeological Data. Final Report, WARDROP Engineering Inc. 24 p. Technical Report for Tiga Dam Longitudinal Treatment, 2024 The World Bank, Setting the Environmental and Social Standards for Investment, 2016 The Federal Ministry of Environment, Social Impact Assessment, 2017 Royal Haskoning DHV (2014) Feasibility Studies and Design for Irrigation and Water Resources Management Investment in Kano River and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Projects in Northern Nigeria. Royal Haskoning DHV (2015) Assessment of Impacts of Hydropower Development at Tiga and Challawa Gorge Dams. Royal Haskoning DHV (2015) Challawa Gorge Dam: Dam Safety Evaluation and Preliminary Design of Upgrades. Royal Haskoning DHV (2015) Feasibility Study: Irrigation Development, Kano River Irrigation Project and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project. Royal Haskoning DHV (2015) Technical Report on studies and Analyses Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING). Final Report 88 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works ANNEX Annex 1: Terms of Reference FEDERAL MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES TRANSFORMING IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA (TRIMING) PROJECT FOR THE ENGAGEMENT OF A CONSULTANT FOR THE ADDENDUM TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR HADEJIA JAMA’RE SUB-BASIN WITH KRIS AND HVIS INCLUDING SITE-SPECIFIC ESMPs FOR REMEDIAL WORKS ON DEVELOPING CRACKS ON TIGA DAM AND SUNDRY ADDITIONAL WORKS ON SELECTED IRRIGATON SECTORS AT KRIS July 2024 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The Federal Government of Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Water Resources with support from the World Bank is implementing the TRIMING Project, a seven-year program with a credit of US$495.3 million from the International Development Association. The TRIMING Project is currently being implemented in five irrigation schemes located in three river basins in Northern Nigeria namely: Bakolori Irrigation Scheme; Middle Rima Valley Irrigation Scheme; Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS); Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) and Dadin Kowa Irrigation Scheme. In 2017, the project commenced the rehabilitation activities within KRIS, of which Tiga Dam had series of rehabilitation works in order to enhance the effectiveness of the dam. As the project draws to a close, Dam Operations Improvement and Safety have become utmost important. In particular, Tiga Dam rehabilitation works within KRIS, hence, the Project intends to apply part of the proceeds of this credit to payments under contracts for Consultancy service to ensure project sustainability. 1.2 Overview of TRIMING The Project Development Objective is to improve access to irrigation and drainage services and to strengthen institutional arrangements for integrated water resources management and agriculture service delivery in selected large-scale public schemes in Northern Nigeria. The main thrust of the project is rehabilitating and improving large-scale public irrigations schemes for a total irrigation area of about 50,000 ha and concomitant activities in agriculture with approximately 140,000 farm families and over 1 million people beneficiaries. Moreover, the project is expected to strengthen five Water User Associations Federations (WUAF), comprising 550 multiple secondary and tertiary level water users associations (WUAs) servicing and representing the beneficiary farmers. This is complemented with improvements in dams/reservoirs to assure integrated water resources management and to improve safety for people downstream to benefit a population of about 10 million people. The project is also helping to increase agricultural productivity of the irrigated lands as well as the processing and marketing side of the increased output. Finally, it focuses on capacity building for institutional development and project management. The proposed project is a Category A project. 1.2.1 Project Components The Project’s objective will be achieved through the implementation of four components. The project components and main activ ities under each component are tabulated as follows. Table 1: TRIMING Project Components Project Components Main Activities Component 1: Water Resources Management and Dam Operation Improvement Final Report 89 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Subcomponent 1.1: Support to The piloting of anticipated provisions for separation of government regulatory and operational powers and Integrated Water Resources responsibilities for integrated water resources management (IWRM) of basin-wide allocation, control, and Management river channel maintenance for sustainable public irrigation scheme functioning. Investments for sustainable operational safety, improved operational practices, and increased dam safety of selected dams and reservoirs including Bakolori, Zobe, Goronyo, Tiga, and Ruwan Kanya operational Subcomponent 1.2: Dam reservoir and Hadejia Barrage. Operations Improvement and Safety Component 2: Irrigation Development and Management Subcomponent 2.1: Irrigation Rehabilitation of 27,000 ha to improve the performance of a total of 50,000 ha irrigation area in five schemes Infrastructure Investments downstream of the existing storage reservoirs and major investment in irrigation civil works and related studies. Subcomponent 2.2: Improving Irrigation Management at Scheme Aims to ensure the long-term viability of the irrigation and drainage services delivered on public irrigation Level schemes by implementing a progressive management transfer to Water Users Associations (WUAs) and to autonomous professional operators, either public or private. Component 3: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Support to Value Chain Development Subcomponent 3.1: Support to Provide resources to enhance farmers’ productivity in the rehabilitated schemes and improve their agricultural productivity and market participation in value chains through a matching grant mechanism; and the establishment of Farmers’ linkages Management and Service Delivery Centers on each scheme, supported by extension and marketing agribusiness professionals. Technical assistance for farmers, water schools, applied research such as improving irrigated agronomy, and Subcomponent 3.2: Support to introduction of innovations such as new crops or production techniques as part of emerging commercial Innovation and R&D partnerships. Component 4: Institutional Development and Project Management Subcomponent 4.1: Institutional This subcomponent includes five activities: capacity building and training of FMWR staff; support to RBDAs; Development and Governance consensus building and supporting the change process; generation, feedback, and dissemination of data, and strengthening supervision and accountability in the sector. The activities here will support the establishment of the Project Management Unit and other key coordination Subcomponent 4.2: Project institutions within Government, and will provide guidance on change management processes. The M&E Management and M&E activities will develop an Information System for project purposes, studies and analytical work and a records and document management system. 2. Overview of Project Site Works 2.1 Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) KRIS is located in Rano, Bunkure, Kura, and Garun Malam Local Government Areas of Kano State. The entire scheme lies within Latitudes 11036’10.89� and 11050’30.10� North; and Longitudes 8023’33.33� and 8037’08.68� East. It is located downstream of Tiga Dam. The Tiga dam serves the KRIS via the Ruwan Kanya operation reservoir downstream of a feeder canal from Tiga Dam. The area is of hilly/rocky and undulating topography. As such the irrigated areas are essentially made of selected fairly landforms on which gravity irrigation is practicable, scattered within the mass location. The scheme is operated by the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority with head office in Kano and zonal offices in Kura and Bunkure. The scheme is divided into two phases; Phase 1 was originally designed with a capacity of 22,000 ha of land, out of which 13,890 ha have been fully developed: Phase 2 was shelved after feasibility study established that irrigation water supply by pumping from the Hadejia River was not feasible. An additional 1,087 ha has also been developed covering only 42 sectors out of 50 sectors under Phase 1 with the incorporation and construction of livestock crossing along canals at maximum intervals of 2km. Main Irrigation Infrastructures in KRIS consist: Tiga Dam and reservoir Main canal (MC) system – including the Ruwan Kanya Dam and Reservoir. Final Report 90 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works East Branch Canal (EBC) system with 3 sectors West Branch Canal (WBC) system with 29 sectors (27 constructed) . 2.1.1 Tiga Dam The Tiga Dam is a zone-filled earth dam, which was designed and built between1970 to 1974. The dam reservoir surface area as originally designed is about 18,900 ha with a structural height of 48m, hydraulic height of 42.68m and an active storage capacity of 1,845 million m3 at full supply level. It lies across the Kano River, the main tributary of the Hadejia River. Water from the dam supplies KRIS. The loss of reservoir capacity due to sedimentation since its construction has not been assessed. However, since the outlet pipes have not been blocked by the accumulated sediment in the reservoir, it is believed that the sediment level may still be within the dead storage zone. The outlet works of the dam have a maximum capacity of 47m3/s, which is achieved at full reservoir level. In 1988, in order to contain the threat of overtopping and seepage through the dam, it was deemed necessary to reduce the spillway crest elevation by 2.00m, thereby effectively reduce the active storage capacity to 1,283 million m3 - about 68% of its original full capacity. This exercise also reduced the outlet discharge capacity. There is a bypass gate located at the very beginning of the supply canal. This delivers water back to Kano River as a recharge Rehabilitation Works done on Tiga Dam in 2017 Main Inlet Refurbishment of bulkhead gate valve and seals Construction of concrete access ramp, platform, access ladders and safety rails at gallery entrance Replacement of butterfly valve Gallery works: Refurbishment of the forced ventilation system to the gallery. Install safety rails & ladders at access gallery end Refurbishment of all electrical circuits & switchgear Construct new building with workshop, store room, office and room for generator Refurbish and extend the forced ventilation system to the gallery Tunnel lining treated against further corrosion Main Outlet Final Report 91 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Installation of branch pipe Installation of wedge gate valve manually operated Installation of sleeve valve- hydraulic and manually operated Construction of additional reinforced concrete outlet structure and tie-in adjacent existing structure Construction of a new valve control room Construction of new shut-off valve canopy Install overhead gantry & lifting hoist Refurbishment of all electrical circuits and switchgear Installation of safety rails, grids and ladders River and left outlets Underwater survey of the two inlets Manufacturing and installation of stop logs Construction of coffer walls downstream to prevent return flow into the pipes Draining of outlet pipes Removal and refurbishment of all valves Temporary arrangement for water supply to Tiga village when left outlet is out of commission Additional civil works Embankment Repair to beach formed on upstream slope Additional riprap protection (Erosion protection) Filling of the embankment to attain a level of 220mm New crest survey beacons Spillway Training embankment – earthworks, bedding and riprap Sundry Items General repairs and maintenance to items not specified 2.2 Justification for the Additional Works Cracks on the Crest of Tiga Dam: On 6th September 2020, TRIMING Project was notified by Sinohydro Corporation Ltd of lateral cracks on the Embankment crest of Tiga Dam, which was also confirmed by the River Basin Staff. It was reported that the crack (measuring: length-30 meters, width- around 10 cm, visible depth-60cm ) was observed 200 meters away from the left outlet of Tiga dam. This became the second crack observed since the retrofitting works of the Penstock by Messrs. Skipper Nigeria Ltd. Sequel to devastating flood incident witnessed in September-October 2022 especially within the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin, new longitudinal cracks were reported by Department of Dams and Reservoir Operations in November 2022 and TRIMNG Projects in December 2022. A technical committee was authorized to inspect the above concerns and report observations with the following objectives below Identify the causes of the longitudinal cracks (analysis of Geophysical and Geotechnical reports, soil analyses, reports of remedial works from contractors). Considering factors such as dam material properties, foundation conditions, the entire dam drainage system, the embankment configuration, construction practices, and environmental factors including. Assess the stability of the dam, existing condition, evaluate the risks posed by the cracks including potential failure modes and their consequences. Propose appropriate rehabilitation measures to address the identified issues and mitigate risks associated with the longitudinal cracks. Develop a comprehensive plan outlining the recommended rehabilitation works, including detailed design requirements, construction timeline, and estimated costs. One of objectives above was to investigate the root causes of the dam cracks and to propose remedial works. About 11 typical crack development zones were identified using probe pit, geophysical and geotechnical surveys. In order to treat these cracks, a set of integrated remedial measures were proposed, including repair and sealing of existing cracks, restoration of the downstream slope ratio, improvement of the drainage system, and an optional addition of plastic concrete cut off walls 2.3 Proposed Remedial Works Final Report 92 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works The proposed remedial works to treat the longitudinal cracks on Tiga Dam Crest are categorized into rehabilitation and construction. There are currently many cracks on the dam crest, mainly distributed along 11 typical zones and between chainages. The proposed remedial plans are itemised into four as follows; Repair and Seal Existing Cracks: The construction sequence is as follows: Demolish the bituminous pavement on the dam crest (15cm thick) and remove shallow cracks on the surface (not exceeding 1m); Inject the cracks with slurry without pressure; Backfill clay and compact to the elevation of 530.95m, with a compactness of not less than 98%; Lay geotextile, 200g/m2; Lay PE geo-membrane, 0.5mm thick, to prevent rain from entering; Lay geotextile, 500g/m2; Lay crushed stones and compact them, 20cm thick; Pave bituminous pavement, 5cm thick (option); Restore the Downstream Slope Ratio: The construction sequence is as follows: Clean the downstream face of the dam, remove weeds, trees, drainage channels, etc. Backfill clay and compact to the design slope ratio (1:3.0), with a compactness of not less than 98%, and the material used for heightening of dam shall be consistent with the material used; Plant grass on the compacted slope to prevent soil loss and restore facilities behind the dam Improve the Downstream Slope Toe Drainage: construction sequence: Dig trench at downstream slope toe, expose the horizontal drainage body in the dam body and connect to the collection well; Lay geotextile in the trench, 200g/m2; Lay crushed stones in the trench to divert seepage water from the dam to the collection well; Top covered with 1m thick clay. Add Plastic Concrete Cutoff Walls (Option): construction sequence: Dig along the dam axis with a depth of not less than 12m and a width of 60cm; Slurry supporting; Pour C10 plastic concrete. 3. Rationale for Addendum to the ESIA As earlier stated, in 2017 the project embarked on rehabilitation works within KRIS and HVIS including civil works on Tiga Dam and sundry. Procedurally, a full ESIA titled “Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) For the Hadejia Jama'are Sub-Basin with Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) and the Associated Cumulative Impacts � was conducted to minimize risks and mitigate impacts including cumulative impacts. This report was comprehensive and also covered potential risks/impacts associated with works around Tiga Dam. Assessment conducted by Messrs. NESPAK and confirmed by the Project Technical Committee revealed additional works are required to protect the Scheme and avoid the emerging environmental degradation. In order to treat these cracks, a set of integrated remedial measures were proposed, including repair and sealing of existing cracks, restoration of the downstream slope ratio, improvement of the drainage system, and an optional addition of plastic concrete cut off walls. These risks associated with the remedial works spans about 420m within the scheme although the cracks do not affect the integrity of the dam (Comments on Technical Proposal for Tiga Dam by Ximing Zhang, Senior Dams Specialist, July 10, 2024 ). In order to save time, cost and avoid unnecessary repetitive instruments, the project needs to review and update the previous ESIA conducted for both schemes to adequately include the risks and mitigation measures associated with these new remedial. In furtherance, according to EIA Act CAP LFN 2004, an assessment done within a span of seven years and within the project site requires an UPGRADE OF THE ASSESSMENT AND NOT A FRESH EIA. 4. Objective of the Consultancy The consultant is expected to update the previous ESIA for KRIS and HVIS and painstakingly look at the risks and impacts associated with each of the proposed remedial works by including additional site specific ESMPs in the context of the proposed new activities. 4.2 Specific Objective of the Addendum to the ESIA Final Report 93 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works The addendum will evaluate additional potential environmental and social impacts associated with the new proposed activities (Remedial Works on Developing Cracks on Tiga Dam such as repair and sealing of existing cracks, restoration of the downstream slope ratio, improvement of the drainage system, and an optional addition of plastic concrete cut off walls At KRIS and other sundry works) in relation to the physical and social environment. It will further sets out measures to avoid and minimize adverse impacts potential cumulative impact of the remedial works that may occur even beyond the boundaries where civil works are to be carried out. The addendum of the ESIA will utilize various reports prepared for TRIMING Project for the schemes which includes; Justification for Contract Addendum Draft Report on Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal Cracks on the Crest of Tiga Dam Embankment Dam Safety report for Tiga, Ruwan Kanya, Challawa Gorge and the Hadejia Barrage Feasibility studies for the schemes Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), etc., and the Project Appraisal Document prepared by the World Bank for the TRIMING Project. Tiga Dam Longitudinal Crack Treatment 5. Scope of Work The Consultant will work in close collaboration with the engineering design consultants or construction consultants as well as the TRIMING project team. S/he will have to consider the technical variants of the proposed remedial activities and in return, inform the technical design consultants of any major constraint and recommend his/her professional advice if any issues or challenges are observed due to the social and environmental situation on ground. The Consultant will consider the proposed civil works as mentioned in sub-section 2.3. The Consultant would also consider the institutional capacity and training needs, supervision measures and feedback mechanism. The core tasks shall include: Review, and update the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) For the Hadejia Jama'are Sub-Basin with Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) Describe the proposed project by providing a systematic description of the project relevant components and presenting plans, maps (proposed works, base camps, environmental and social sensitivities, staging areas, alternative routes etc with details of XY coordinates), figures and tables. Identify and summarize the policy, legal and administrative framework relevant to the project. Describe and analyse the environmental, social, physical, biological, and Safety conditions in the study area before project implementation. This analysis shall include a mapping of the project area of influence as well as discussions on the interrelations between environmental and social components and the importance that the society and local populations attach to these components. Identify and assess the risk of labour influx and GBV/SEA/SH on the subproject as well as recommend mitigation measures in managing the risks and potential adverse impacts associated with labour influx and GBV. Define the potential environmental and social impacts and risks resulting from proposed remedial works and appropriate measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate or ameliorate for adverse impacts or to enhance the project environmental and social benefits, including responsibilities and costs applicable to actual mitigation and subsequently to monitoring exercise. Define community health broadly, and also as related to STDs such as HIV/AIDS and other STIs, VAC, child labour, and forced labour. Ensure that awareness creation on the aforementioned is captured to include responsibility for implementation such as prevention and mitigation as well as monitoring of progress. Include specific ESMP matrix table that addresses the various proposed remedial works within the scheme. These matrices would include cells for activities, potential risks/impacts, mitigation measures, responsibility for mitigation, cost of mitigation, parameters to be measured, KPIs, monitoring frequency and responsibility and costs. Consultations- the Consultant would carry out consultations with identified primary and secondary stakeholders to obtain their views/opinions about the proposed remedial works. These consultations shall occur before the update and the proposed mitigation measures will be discussed Final Report 94 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works with relevant stakeholders directly involved with the civil works. Recommendations from this consultation will be included in the addendum ESIA report Based on the outcome of the consultation with stakeholders, the consultant should provide a summary of key indicators of community support for the project, as well as perceived benefits from the project expressed by different stakeholder groups. Update some mini-plans within the ESIA as follows: Borrow-pit management plan; Occupational health & Safety, Sexual Exploitation, and Abuse (SEA) prevention and response action plan; Traffic Management Plan to ensure safety of local communities from construction traffic; OHS Plan. Water Resource Protection Plan to prevent contamination of drinking water; Boundary Marking and Protection Strategy for mobilization and construction to prevent offsite adverse impacts; Strategy for obtaining Consents/Permits prior to the start of relevant works such as opening a quarry or borrow pit. 5.1 Socio-Economic Baseline Report As part of diligent efforts to understand the current situation of inhabitants around Tiga Dam and within KRIS. It is important to identify the present estimated population of residents, what percentage are male and female, how much children are in this community (including vulnerable groups), what’s their primary occupation, are there prevalent cultural beliefs that shape their way of life and so on? The consultant should carry out a socio-economic baseline study in order to report a detailed characteristic of the people, which will be relevant in developing plans as GRM, GBV/SEA/SH etc. Correct reportage of socio-economics is crucial as it will be used to make very important decisions, the consultant should take note of this. In addition, baseline assessment and stakeholder consultations are very critical to the addendum process. Baseline assessment of all locations will be conducted to gain an understanding of the schemes, whilst comparing the ambient conditions (physical, biological and social) with the proposed rehabilitations works. 5.2 Stakeholders Identification and Engagement This section shall summarize the actions undertaken to consult all the various groups that are likely to be affected by the remedial works interventions. The consultation here would be highly inclusive in getting the requisite feedbacks from the project beneficiaries about the Project, understanding their economic, social cultural life style [in assessing how these might affect the Project Intervention] and the Project Team responses so as to manage the expectations beneficiaries’ might have for the Project. An in -depth stakeholders’ analysis is required as part of this consulting. The analysis will include identification of all relevant persons, groups, organizations while zooming in on the vulnerable, women, girls and children, the elderly, persons with disabilities and project affected persons such as those whose livelihoods may be threatened or directly affected by the project etc. The detailed record of the consultation meetings shall be presented in the annex of the ESIA. 5.3 Uptake of In-depth Analysis of Gender Based Violence and Consultations Prevention of GBV and related incidences such as SEA/SH/VAC is of utmost importance in the project. In a bid to reduce risks associated with daily work routine within project intervention areas and around the site as a result of the project implementation, the consultant should explore this concern exhaustively, especially by consulting with women groups so as to understand current realities of GBV and related cases as guided by inputs of women during consultations. These consultations should be carried out as necessary until satisfactory outputs are attained. Data such as frequency of occurrence, coping mechanisms, reportage and punishment systems etc can be discussed at a great depth. Relevant legal provisions for such cases in the Nigerian law and other relevant documents should be reviewed so as to aid design of incidence prevention, uptake, and resolution in the event of such incidence, although prevention is the most important factor here. 5.4 Ethical Requirements Before undertaking any activity, the team will make sure that it understands all ethical considerations related to working on GRM, GBV, SEA, SH and VAC. The consultant should not collect any primary data or conduct interviews or research using GBV/SEA survivors as case studies; consultant will only make use of secondary data in this regard. 6 Outline of the Addendum to the ESIA The outline will follow the approved and disclosed outline of the previous ESIA for Hadejia Jama’re Sub-basin with KRIS and HVIS while taking into cognizant the various affected chapters (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9) Annexes Final Report 95 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 1: Terms of Reference Annex 2: List of Persons met with pictures Annex 3: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered by this project. Annex 4: Records of Inter Agency and Public/NGO Communications including photos Annex 5: List of participants in consultations and summaries of consultations Annex 6: General Environmental and Social Management Conditions for Construction Contracts Annex 7: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Plan Annex 8: Sample of Questionnaire for socio-economics Annex 9: Waste Management Plan Annex 10: Environmental and Social Performance Monitoring Checklist Annex 11: Annex 16: Sample Borrow pit management plan Annex 12: Workers Code of Conduct for both contractors and supervision consultants Annex 13: Labor Influx Management Plan to include salient aspects such as Gender Based Violence (GBV)/ Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Annex 14: Workers Camp Site Management Plan Annex 15: Sample Content of Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan Annex 18: Pest Management Plan. 7. Qualification of Consultant Selection will be done through the World Bank Direct Selection Method and be prepared by an individual consultant. The consultant will have at least 8 years’ experience in environmental management and must have an advanced degree earned in relevant fields including but not limited to environmental sciences, environmental management or social sciences. Other requirements are: The consultant must have a working knowledge of World Bank Environmental and Social Framework, Operational safeguards Policies gained through hands-on experience in the preparation and implementation of environmental and social management plans in an urban/rural area. Experience in occupational Health and Safety / HSE and relevant certification Excellent communication and report writing skills Familiarity with the project area will be an added advantage 8. Duration of work This assignment is expected to be completed within a period of six weeks (6 weeks) commencing immediately after contract signing. It should be noted that the success of the assignment during this period largely revolves around adequate consultations with all relevant stakeholders. The successful consultant is expected to spend considerable time in the project site to gather all necessary salient primary information. 9. Reporting The consultant shall report to the National Project Coordinator through the Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists. 9.1 Responsibilities of the Client In addition to the project supervisory and other responsibilities contained in this assignment, the proponent shall provide the consultant with the following project documents: Project Appraisal Document Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the TRIMING Project Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the TRIMING Project Feasibility study report and subsequently, the Engineering designs Disclosed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment report for Kano River Irrigation Scheme (KRIS) and Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme (HVIS) in kano and jigawa respectively. Grievance Redress Mechanism report and Communication strategy report for the TRIMING Project Reports on the TRIMING Project’s Integrated Pest Management and safe use of chemicals approaches Other relevant Safeguard instruments prepared for the TRIMING Project 10. Deliverables The consultant at the end of the assignment must submit a comprehensive and fully referenced report including detailed ESMP matrix and implementation process. Final Report 96 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Inception Report: Expected in one week after the date of contract signing. This should include methodology and work plan with clearly defined community entry strategy that ensures free prior and informed consent. Consultant shall submit (2) hard copies and a soft copy of the inception report. Addendum Draft Report: Expected in four (4) weeks after contract signing, detailing out findings from desk reviews, fieldwork, environmental and socioeconomic characteristics and stakeholders’ engagement/consultation, etc which will be circulated for comments and relevant recommendation. Consultant shall submit (4) hard copies and a soft copy of the draft report. Addendum Final Report: Expected in six (6) weeks after contract signing, detailing all relevant information and addressed comments. Consultant shall submit (8) hard copies and a soft copy of the final draft report to the PMU. 11. Remuneration and Payment Schedule The consultant shall be paid on a lump sum all-inclusive basis in three (3) instalments upon acceptance of deliverables of the reports as stipulated below S/No Description Payment 1 Upon acceptance of Inception Report 20% of the Contract Sum 2 Upon acceptance of Draft Report 50% of the Contract Sum 3 Upon acceptance of Final report 30% of the Contract Sum All Reports Shall Be in English and Presented in Hard and Soft Copies, however, for the purpose of final report submissions, the adviser is to produce the executive summary in English language and in the local language of the target community. All submission shall be made to the National Project Coordinator, TRIMING. Except for the purpose of this assignment, all information pertaining to this programme as well as outputs produced under this contract shall remain the property of the FMWR who shall have exclusive rights over their use. Final Report 97 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 2- E&S Baseline Checklist Checklist One Environmental and Social Assessment checklist for Remedial works Tiga Dam in KRIS (TRIMING) Type of work Address: ________________________________________________ LGA: ___________________ PROPOSED ACTIVITIES No Crack Activities GPS Coordinate Dimension Latitude Longitude Length (m) Breadth (m) DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT & DEMOGRAPHY Tick the appropriate response Socio-economic Type: Gender:: _______ Female; _______ Male Age Grade: 18-30 31-45 46-55 Above 55 Marital Status: _______ Married; _______ Christianity: _______ Others Religion:: _______ Muslims; _______ Single :: _______ Divorced _______ Widowed Household Type: _______ Nuclear; _______ Extended Household Size: 1-4 4-7 Above 7 Ethnicity:: _______ Hausa; _______ Fulani:: _______Others Occupation:: _______ Civil Servant _______ Trader:: _______Farmer _______Others Literacy Level:: _______ Primary; _______ Secondary: _______OND/HND; _______ Islamiya _______Others Average Monthly Income: Above N30,000 N20,000 – N30,000 N10,000 – N20,000 Environmental Aspect Soil Type: Heavily silted Compact soil Lateritic soil Final Report 98 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Topography: Even or Uneven Estimated proximity of community to site: ______________ m Is there enough Access Road to the site for construction vehicles? YES or NO Water Source: Borehole / Well / None Are there farmlands within the site premises: Yes / No; If yes, do the farmers use fertilizers? Yes or No Environment: Urban (Built-up) / Rural Waste Management structures: Yes / No. If yes, specify: Local incinerator / collective dumpsite or waste bin (Take GPS point of waste management structure: Lat: ______________; Long: ______________) Is there visible erosion issues within the site? YES / NO If yes, Take pictures and GPS (Lat: __________________; Long: _____________________) Flood prone: Yes / No; Drainage System: Yes / No; Previous or observable erosion issues: Yes / No Is there a river or water body flowing nearby or through the site? YES or NO If Yes; Name of River/stream: _______________________ Use of river: ________________________ (Take sample and GPS coordinate of the river/stream) What types of vegetation are prominent within the community? List __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Nearby Public facilities such as religious centres, public health facilities, markets? YES or NO If Yes, provide details: (Proximity to site: __________m; Pictures: ________; GPS: Lat:___________________; Long:____________________) Is there envisaged traffic build-up? YES or NO; if Yes, what is the reason: ________________________________ Removal/Clearing of vegetation: Yes / No; Types & number of Affected vegetation (trees): __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Require mobilization of heavy-duty vehicles? Yes / No Can the contractor’s vehicle gain access easily to the proposed construction area? Yes / No Will any structure such as building, drainage, water lines (pipes), walkways, electric poles, trees, etc. affect construction or movement of equipment to the proposed site? Yes / No (if others, specify) __________________________________________________________________________ Final Report 99 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Are there any environmentally and culturally sensitive areas within 250m? Yes / No If yes, specify: _______________________________________ Are there potential security issues within the community? Yes / No. If yes, give details: _________ How is grievance or complaints addressed within the community? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Other Items: Item Address Latitude Longitude Proposed Borrow Pit Proposed Contractor’s Campsite Name of Enumerator: ______________________________________________________________ Phone Number: _________________________________________ Date: _________________________ Final Report 100 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works CHECKLIST TWO: IMPACTs ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION ACTION Remarks Air Quality Baseline - This is required where human Identify likely causes of noise and air pollution in the area activities/communities are in close proximity to the sampling sites. What is the existing situation and causes Water Quality – surface Baseline – Document name of river/stream, source, use & importance, This is required for streams/ rivers in the seasonal/perennial, GPS. project location Biophysical sampling (if it is in used by the communities for domestic, agric etc.) GPS Soil Quality Baseline – Take note of any causes of existing soil pollution, use of Note any irregularities to soil structure in the fertilizer and the type etc. area such as previous pollution, agricultural activities with use of fertilizers etc. Vegetation Baseline Is there any notable vegetation of importance in the location? Is the project likely to impact this? How? Waste What is the existing waste management How will this be linked to management of excavated soils and structure in the location rocks during the project Land Digging/ excavation, fill back/reclaim/ Existing Document any existing issues – erosion sites that may be erosion-prone issues further worsened by the project. Pictures Public facilities – schools, religious Baseline – what are these facilities within the Document the envisaged impacts of the project activities on centres, public utilities, health project corridor these facilities. centres, markets etc. GPS coordinates Pictures Traffic assessment Are there any notable areas of traffic interest Document the potential impacts, location, GPS Communities in proximity Identify the communities and GPS Where relevant, conduct stakeholders’ consultations. Cultural sensitivities etc. Consultation with community Awareness of the project Document their perspective, approach to land acquisition representatives Discuss likely impacts of the project to Identify their willingness to give land to the project either via community (positive and negative) voluntary of involuntary (refer to additional steps for ESS5) Understand issues around land ownership and possible land acquisition for the project in that area Major occupations in the area Baseline – what type of occupations are How will the project have any impact on these occupations prevalent? Men, women, youth Source of water to community Baseline – what is the source of water in the Document baseline info communities Are there schools, hospitals in the List them Is it easily accessible to the schools area Final Report 101 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Security/conflict zone Existing issues Take note of conflict areas or security prone areas Identify access to the project site Is the project site accessible easily? Are there Identify all potential impacts, concerns, issues any encumbrances along the route? will there be need to create another access route to the site Community perception What are likely concerns about the project Document information in consultation with residents alone and project works Gender considerations What role do women play in the community? Document this information and additional concerns in a focus Livelihoods? What role can women play in the group discussion for women project? Final Report 102 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 3a: Socio-economics Data TOWN LGA SEX AGE MARITAL RELIGION HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD ETHNICITY OCCUPATION LITERACY AVERAGE SOIL TYPE TOPOGRAPHY PROXIMITY ACCESS WATER FARMLAND FERTILIZERS ENVIROMENT WASTE VISIBLE STATUS TYPE SIZE LEVEL INCOME ROAD SOURCE MANAGEMENT EROSION GIDAN BEBEJI MALE 18-30 SINGLE MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 FULANI FARMER OND/HND 20,000- COMPACT UNEVEN 300 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO NO SARKIN 30,000 SOIL GIDAN BEBEJI MALE 31-45 MARRIED MUSLIM 4.-7 HAUSA FARMER SECONDARY 20,000- COMPACT UNEVEN 300 YES WELL RURAL NO NO SARKIN 30,000 SOIL KWANAR BOBEJI MALE 31-45 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 4.-7 HAUSA FARMER ISLAMIYA ABOVE COMPACT UNEVEN 2500 YES BOREHOLE YES YES RURAL NO NO GWABNA 30,000 SOIL KWANAR BOBEJI MALE 18-30 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 4.-7 FULANI TRADER SECONDARY 20,000- COMPACT UNEVEN 2500 YES BOREHOLE, YES YES RURAL NO YES GWABNA 30,000 SOIL WELL KUKI BOBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER OND/HND ABOVE COMPACT EVEN 2000 YES BOREHOLE, YES YES RURAL NO YES 55 30,000 SOIL WELL KUKI BEBEJI MALE 18-30 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 1.-4 HAUSA TRADER SECONDARY 10,000 - COMPACT UNEVEN 2000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO YES 20,000 SOIL KUKI BEBEJI MALE 45-55 MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER PRIMARY ABOVE LATERITIC EVEN 2000 YES WELL RURAL YES NO 30,000 SOIL KUKI BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 FULANI FARMER SECONDARY ABOVE LATERITIC EVEN 2000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL YES NO 55 30,000 SOIL KWANAR BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 FARMER PRIMARY 10,000 - LATERITIC EVEN 2500 YES BOREHOLE YES YES RURAL NO NO GWABNA 55 20,000 SOIL KWANAR BEBEJI MALE 45-55 MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER PRIMARY ABOVE LATERITIC EVEN 2000 NO WELL YES YES RURAL YES YES GWABNA 30,000 SOIL TIGA DAM BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA- FISHERMAN PRIMARY ABOVE 20KM DAM YES YES RURAL NO NO 55 FULANI 30,000 WASILA BEBEJI FEMALE 45-55 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR ABOVE 7 HAUSA OTHERS PRIMARY 10,000 - COMPACT EVEN 6500 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO NO TIGA 20,000 SOIL YADI TIGA BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 4.-7 HAUSA CIVIL OND/HND ABOVE COMPACT EVEN 5500 YES BOREHOLE YES YES RURAL NO NO 55 SERVANT 30,000 SOIL KWANA BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER PRIMARY ABOVE COMPACT EVEN 8600 YES BOREHOLE YES YES RURAL NO YES UKU TIGA 55 30,000 SOIL DURMAWA BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER ISLAMIYA ABOVE COMPACT EVEN 8000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO NO TIGA 55 30,000 SOIL BALLAN BEBEJI MALE 18-30 SINGLE MUSLIM HAUSA FARMER PRIMARY 10,000 - LATERITIC EVEN 3000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO YES SARKI 20,000 SOIL BALLAN BEBEJI MALE ABOVE MARRIED MUSLIM EXTENDED ABOVE 7 HAUSA FARMER ISLAMIYA 10,000 - LATERITIC EVEN 3000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO YES SARKI 55 20,000 SOIL BALLAN BEBEJI FEMALE 18-30 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 1.-4 HAUSA TRADER ISLAMIYA 20,000- LATERITIC UNEVEN 3000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO YES SARKI 30,000 SOIL BALLAN BEBEJI FEMALE 31-45 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 1.-4 HAUSA TRADER SECONDARY 10,000 - LATERITIC EVEN 3000 YES WELL YES YES RURAL NO YES SARKI 20,000 SOIL TIGA BEBEJI FEMALE 45-55 SINGLE MUSLIM 4.-7 HAUSA FARMER ISLAMIYA 10,000 - LATERITIC 300 WELL YES YES URBAN NO NO SARKIN 20,000 SOIL KOGI TIGA BEBEJI FEMALE 31-45 MARRIED MUSLIM NUCLEAR 1.-4 HAUSA TRADER ISLAMIYA 20,000- LATERITIC EVEN 300 WELL URBAN NO NO SARKIN 30,000 SOIL KOGI Final Report 103 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 3b: Graphical Analysis of Socio-economies Data GIDAN SARKIN 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 KWANAR GWABNA 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHEMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 Final Report 104 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works BALLAN SARKI 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 KUKI 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 Final Report 105 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works TIGA SARKIN KOGI 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 TIGA DAM 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 Final Report 106 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works WASILA TIGA 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 YADI TIGA 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 Final Report 107 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works KWANA UKU TIGA 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 DURMAWA TIGA 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 GENDER MARITAL STATUS RELIGION OCCUPATION HOUSEHOLD MALE FEMALE SINGLE MARRIED MUSLIM FARMER TRADER CIVIL SERVANT FISHERMAN OTHERS ABOVE 7 4.-7 1.-4 Final Report 108 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 4: Pictures of Project Sites Final Report 109 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Final Report 110 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 5: Attendance Sheet Final Report 111 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 6: Data on Water and Soil Analysis Soil Samples S/No Parameters S1 Kura, S2 Garun S3 Tiga Town S4 Mallam S5 Rano FMEnv 1 Temperature 31.0 31.0 32.1 33.5 30.3 2 pH 8.1 8.9 8.4 8.7 8.2 6.9 3 Conductivity 2110 2301.2 2108 1860 2510 N/A 4 Sulphate 32 61 65 28 34 N/A 5 Aluminium 0.12 0.19 0.21 0.11 0.28 N/A 6 Chloride 0 0 1 0 0 N/A 7. Phosphate 42 31 30 28.1 28 N/A 8. Nitrate 10.6 15.0 12.1 10.4 11.0 N/A Heavy Metals 9. Chromium 0 0 1 1 0 1.0 10 Iron 3 2.10 1.67 1.01 1.07 N/A 11 Nickel 1.32 1.12 0 121 1.01 N/A 12 Copper 0.42 0.13 0.14 0.21 1.0 36.00 13 Manganese 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 14 Cadmium 0 0 0 0 1 N/A Hydrocarbons 15 THC 0 0 0 0 0 N/A Microbiology 16 Bacillus 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 17 E.Coli 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 18 Salmonella 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 19 Trichoderma 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 20 Pseudomonas 0 0 0 0 0 N/A Final Report 112 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Surface Water & Ground Water S/No Parameters SW1 Tiga Dam SW2 Garun GW1 Mallam GW2 FMEnv Limits Rano 1 Temperature 32.1 30.4 34.1 33.1 <40 2 pH 6.40 6.31 6.56 6.31 6.5-8.5 3 Conductivity 132.1 123.4 131.1 125.4 1000 (us/cm) 4 Turbidity (NTU) 8 12.0 9.5 12.0 5 5 TDS 12.0 23.6 13.5 15.6 1000 6 TSS (mg/l) 2 6 3 5 37.3 7 Salinity (%) 154 216 145 151 0 8 Hardness 1.76 2.31 1.56 1.31 - 9 CO3 143.0 105.5 108.0 140.5 - 10 Colour (TCU) 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.13 15 11 Chlorine (mg/l) 12 14.5 14 11.5 250 12 Nitrate (mg/l) 1.8 1.01 1.45 1.05 10 13 Sulphate (mg/l) 32.0 35.8 28.0 30.1 500 14 Phosphate(mg/l) 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.9 5 15 Calcium (mg/l) 13.1 18.3 12.5 14.1 150 16 Magnesium 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.0 50 (mg/l) 17 Sodium 43.0 31.0 45.0 35.0 - 18 BOD (mg/l) 3 5.7 4 4.2 6 19 COD (mg/l) 0 0 0 0 30 20 DO (mg/l) 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.7 4 21 Cu 0 0 0 0 0.01 22 Fe 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.5 23 E. Coli 0 0 0 0 0 24 Coliform 3 1 4 2 0 Final Report 113 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 7: Pictures of Consultation Final Report 114 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 8 – Waste Management Plan The categories of waste envisaged under the sub-project are as follows: Vegetal waste – This will be vegetation clearance during site preparation and mobilization of equipment to the site. However, vegetal waste is expected to be minimal considering. Construction waste – This will include Cement, sands, Paints, Zincs, Metal Scraps, Woods etc. Particulates Matter & Gases – from movement of vehicles, machine operations, site clearing activities, mixing of materials and chemicals such as paints Liquid waste - Leakages from vehicles, oil containers, chemicals, adhesives, etc. Sanitary waste – Waste generated by workers onsite, campsite. Such as, domestic sewage, faeces, urine, wastewater, food remnant, food packaging etc. The table below shows how this waste generated will be managed. S/N Potential Source Waste Type Waste Streams Management A PREREHABILITATION 1 Movement of vehicles Emission COx, SOx, NOx, CO, Dust • Use water suppression to prevent dust emission on unpaved surface and • Maintain vehicles and machineries to reduce engine exhaust emission • Maintain low speed to reduce dust and gaseous emission 2 Site Clearing and Non-Hazardous • Vegetal Waste • Vegetal waste shall be supplied to farmers for use Installation of • Industrial Waste: as compost. temporary workers Metal scraps, • Woody vegetal shall be supplied to host camp and offices and packaging waste communities for domestic uses including as fuel workshops wood for cooking. • Segregated and stored on site to be collected at least once a week for reuse or recycle through the Kano State Environmental Planning and Protection Agency (KASEPPA)or licensed third party facilities. 3 Workers’ camp Domestic and • Food remnant, kitchen • To be transferred to locals for use as compost and Sanitary wastes. Food animal feed. packaging etc • Plastic and other packaging to be recycled • Domestic Sewage through licensed recycling third parties or collected by refuse management and sanitation board (REMASAB} • Sewage will be collected in a properly closed constructed septic tank and will be evacuated in conjunction with (REMASAB) at least twice during the 18month period or as required. B REMEDIAL Works 1 Movement of vehicles Emission COx, SOx, NOx, CO, Dust • Use water suppression to prevent dust emission on unpaved surface and • Maintain vehicles and machineries to reduce engine exhaust emission • Maintain low speed to reduce dust and gaseous emission • Use of cleaner technologies and modern equipment 2 Civil works Non-Hazardous • Spoils • Segregated and kept securely in closed containers /Industrial • Waste Packaging and on site. To be evacuated by (KASEPPA) or Dunnage such as scrap transferred to approved recycling third parties for wood, scrap metal, reuse/recycling. steel, glass, plastic, • Non-recyclables to be removed by (KASEPPA) or paper and cardboard, other approved waste CONTRACTOR by the state Workers’ camp/offices empty metal • To be transferred to locals for use as compost and containers, excess animal feed. concrete, broken • Plastic and other packaging to be evacuated by equipment, or (KASEPPA) or recycled through licensed recycling components third parties. Final Report 115 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Domestic-type waste: wastepaper and food scraps, metal cans 3 Civil Works Hazardous Waste Solid Wastes: used Store on site in closed and labelled containers with batteries, chemical secondary containment to be evacuated by containers, concrete etc (KASEPPA) or registered waste CONTRACTOR with Liquid Waste: spent off-site permitted hazardous waste treatment, lubricating oils, hydraulic storage, or disposal facilities in accordance with fluids, brake fluids, (KASEPPA) policies battery electrolyte, and dielectric fluids, chemical cleaning agents, paints, primers, thinners, and corrosion control coatings; sealants and adhesives etc Civil works Waste Water Wastewater from Discharged to the ground as only very small equipment washing and quantity is envisaged at this stage. concrete production Civil works Electrical and Electrical wirings, cables, This will be sent to Material Recovery Facilities/ electronic waste damaged computers etc. recycling facilities in the state for proper (e-waste) management C OPERATION 1 Movement of vehicles Emission COx, SOx, NOx, CO, Dust See A1 2 Operations Solid waste Maintenance of buildings, Segregated and kept securely in closed containers Chemical waste roofing sheets, iron on site to be collected by (KASEPPA). Non- Sewage sheets, paint. recyclable solid waste to be sent to approved E-waste (KASEPPA) dumpsites. Recyclable waste to be sent to MRF facilities and recycling facilities, this will be Sewage evacuation from done in liaison with (KASEPPA). constructed toilets Liaise with WASH departments at the LGA and other WASH projects like SURWASH ON Sewage management and WASH facilities Cost (Also captured the relevant section of ESMP Matrix Table) Final Report 116 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 9 – Occupational Health and Safety Plan Every project poses its own HSE risks. This plan is developed to meet up with OHS standards and to achieve the objectives set for the project. The project team shall undertake to ensure high performance standards and conformity with contract requirements by managing the works in a systematic and thorough manner. • Competency All personnel required to operate or work with any equipment or machine must be competent, be tested for each equipment that he/she shall be operating. All personnel who as part of their profession require licensing or certification must obtain the necessary certification before he/she shall be allowed to work on the site. • Fitness All personnel working on site shall be required to be certified medically fit to do so by an approved medical facility or Medical Doctor (pre-employment medical examination) • HSE Training o Induction/Orientation Every new or rehired employee of CONTRACTORs employees must undergo mandatory OHS orientation / induction. The purpose of the Induction is to educate workers and make them aware of the major potential hazards he or she shall come into contact with while working on the site; also, it is one more opportunity to stress the importance of HSE being the first priority in the operations. The content of the HSE orientation / induction shall cover the following subjects: • Site safety rules. • Personnel protective equipment requirements (PPE). • Environmental sensitivity and protection. • Preparation and planning of the job (Daily Pre-task talk). • Emergency plan and muster points. • SEA/SH and GBV prevention strategies • COVID-19 prevention strategies o Project Specific HSE Training In addition to the HSE orientation /induction, there shall be specific site HSE trainings which shall cover the following topics: • Manual handling. • Electrical Safety • Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response • Work at height training • First Aid training ( for site First Aiders) • Lifting and Rigging • Safe Driving techniques (for drivers) EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Emergency procedures and evacuation plan shall be developed by the HSE Department and displayed on the notice board. These procedures shall be communicated to all staff. Also each section/department shall have at least a trained first aider at all times. • HSE IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING o HSE Meetings HSE management meetings shall be held once a month. The meeting is to help identify safety problems, develop solutions, review incident reports, provide training and evaluate the effectiveness of our safety program. Some of the meetings shall be: • Project/Site Management HSE Meeting for management and supervision (Monthly). • Tool box talk meetings for all workforce (Weekly). • Pre-task briefing for all workforces (Daily). • Special situation meeting (As required). o HSE Reporting All incidents and illnesses must be reported to site supervisor after which investigation shall commence and recorded so that appropriate corrective actions shall be implemented to prevent any re-occurrence and report findings shall be forwarded to management for review. Reporting requirements shall include notification of incident, investigation report, and monthly report. Notification of Incident form shall be developed which shall be filled and submitted to HSE department for investigation. • HSE Inspection and Audits For continual improvement of HSE management system, HSE inspection and audit shall be conducted. An inspection checklist shall be developed. This is to ensure that the HSE management system is being adhered to. The inspection shall be conducted by the HSE department together with site management. Final Report 117 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Corrective and Preventive Actions and Non Conformities During the cause of inspections, concerns raised shall be addressed and closed out. It is expected that in a period of two weeks, a close out inspection shall take place to verify that the corrective actions have been closed. Project HSE Rules The project HSE rules shall be developed and supervision shall develop specific rules and procedures when necessary. The following site rules shall be implemented at all times. The Site Manager shall draw these rules to the attention of their own workmen or staff. All sub-CONTRACTORs must ensure that these rules are drawn to the attention of their workmen and staff. The Principal CONTRACTOR may implement additional site rules during the contract programme. Any such additional rules shall be notified to all personnel engaged on the project prior to their implementation. The HSE rules shall include but not limited to: 1. Personal Protective Equipment must be worn at all times. 2. All instructions issued by the Site Manager regarding the storage, handling or cleaning of materials, plant and equipment must be followed. 3. All vehicles must be parked in the designated areas. 4. Any workman suffering from a medical condition that might affect his work and/or that could require specific Medical treatment must inform the supervisor before commencing work. 5. All site tools shall either be battery operated or 110 volts. 6. No one shall be permitted on site if it is believed that they are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. 7. Vehicles must not reverse without a banksman in attendance. 8. All visitors to site must undergo a site-specific induction and operative Identity badges must be worn at all times. 9. All excavations must be secured. 10. Smoking and eating shall only be permitted in the designated area. This area shall be identified during induction. 11. No hot works operations are permitted without a hot work permit in place. 12. There shall be no radios or other music playing devices on site. 13. Good housekeeping practices to be adopted. 14. Compliance with all Ethical Power Permit to Work systems 15. The site keyed access procedure must be strictly adhered to. 16. All CONTRACTORs must comply with Site Health & Safety Guidelines / Site Safety Method Statement 17. No untrained worker shall be permitted to operate heavy machineries. 18. COVID-19 protocols to be adhered to including frequent handwashing, use of nose masks when in crowded spaces, timely reporting of any symptoms to HSE officer and immediate isolation • Safe Work Practices/Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The basic PPE required for the project shall be Safety Glasses, Safety Boots, Hand Gloves, Hard Hat, ear plugs and Coverall. Any other PPE shall be used as applicable. Management is responsible for the provision of PPE and usage shall be enforced at all time. PPE shall be provided in circumstances where exposure to hazards cannot be avoided by other means or to supplement existing control measures identified by a risk assessment. An assessment shall be made to ensure that the PPE is suitable for purpose and is appropriate to the risk involved. Information, instruction & training shall be given to all employees on safe use, maintenance and storage of PPE. Employees shall, in accordance with instructions given, make full use of all PPE provided and maintain it in a serviceable condition and report its loss or defect immediately to the maintenance department where it shall be replaced. PPE shall be replaced when it is no longer serviceable and returned on a new for old basis. Employees shall sign to state that they have received PPE when issued. • Welfare Facilities The provision of welfare facilities on the site shall be communicated to all operatives at site induction. A cleaning regime shall be implemented and maintained for the duration of the construction phase to ensure the site welfare facilities remain in a clean and tidy condition. If mains drinking water becomes unavailable during the construction phase bottled water shall be brought to site for all operatives for the necessary period. • Signage Adequate provision for warning and directional signs shall be made. Final Report 118 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 10 – Borrow Pit Management Plan (BPMP) In general, the contractor will be expected to carry out the construction works in a manner that will minimize the need for the use of borrow materials where technically feasible. The contractor is also required to prepare a borrow pit management plan which takes account of these activities and follows them through to handing over. These plans need to take account of the potential environmental & social impact and health & safety hazard; including drowning hazards, water-borne disease vectors, impact on local land holdings, land-use and visual impacts. The borrow pit plan will include restoration measures for the site after decommissioning, such as removal and stockpiling of topsoil layers. Where borrow pits are to be left open, for their use in regular maintenance programs, the responsibility for their management should be assigned to the government entity / local authority in charge of road maintenance and compliance with the borrow pit management plan monitored. Stage Activities and features Measures/mitigation Responsibility Site selection Complete a preliminary site • Outreach to the community Contractor assessment prior to leadership (e.g. operation, undertaking excavation hazards, restoration) • Written approval from community leadership for use of the proposed site • Liaise with the local community on the option of retaining quarry pits as water collection ponds for watering cattle, irrigating crops or similar uses. Highlight issues of disease transmission and the need to prohibit its use for drinking, bathing, and clothes washing • When siting borrow pit areas, Contractor avoid using sensitive areas or sites that drain directly into a sensitive area • Borrow pits will not be located in wetland or densely vegetated areas • Test pits/excavations to Contractor confirm the quantity and quality of material in the proposed site • Determine presence of any groundwater • Map of the location and a plan of Contractor the site, including buffer zone, perimeter berm, stockpiles, operational area • Borrow pit design must comply with standards defined (above), • Photographic record of the site in its undisturbed state Excavation Excavation will consider • Ensure that excavation is Contractor Operation the following measures accompanied by well- engineered drainage • Topsoil is stripped and stockpiled away from other materials and is to be used only for reinstatement, once pit operations are complete • Overburden soil (layer between topsoil and material of interest) to be used as a perimeter berm to direct drainage or stockpiled separately to backfill the pit Final Report 119 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Stage Activities and features Measures/mitigation Responsibility • Pit excavations maximum 6 metres in depth, with a vertical slope of 2:1 • Excavation below the water table is not permitted • Heavy machinery access and operation • Carry out necessary preliminary geotechnical investigation to confirm the quality and extent of materials. • Carry out hydrological assessment to determine the presence and depth of aquifer. • The contractor shall ensure that topsoil (150m-500m) is stripped and stockpiled at a separate location and preserved for future reclamation activities. Site access and safety • Barrier (e.g., warning tape, Contractor perimeter berms, fencing) to control or discourage public access to the pit • Install signposts warning of danger and no trespassing, at no more than 50 meters’ distance from the pit • Community awareness and outreach on the dangers of borrow pits and that trespassing is prohibited. Vegetation • Avoid or reduce to a minimum Contractor vegetation clearance • Existing vegetation within the buffer area should provide some visual and physical screening of the pit operations Water • If water is required for borrow Contractor pit operation, a water extraction point (e.g. borehole) will be established within the site are and will be planned for use by the community once the site is reinstated • Drainage structures or pumping will remove any standing water in the borrow pit. Alternatively any pits with 0.75 metres or more of standing water will be fenced • Overburden soil can be used as a perimeter berm to direct water drainage away from the site • Use drainage features in flatter areas, such as mitre drains and sumps, to remove water from around the road ditches • Community members are not allowed to use water at an active borrow pit, for any purpose Erosion • Erosion control measures Contractor undertaken in all aspects of the borrow-pit operation, including: reduced slopes, seeding, etc Final Report 120 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Stage Activities and features Measures/mitigation Responsibility • Protect topsoil stockpiles from wind and water erosion by reducing slopes, using a cover, and/or spraying with water Dust and noise • If a rock crusher is used, dust Contractor control measures shall be put in place (water truck or sprinklers on crushing equipment) • Vegetation within the buffer area will screen noise of pit operations Reinstatement of Borrow Pits Reinstatement of borrow • Fill excavated site with suitable Contractor pits will be completed prior materials to handover of the site • Spread topsoil on top of the overburden • Develop/construct suitable Contractor surface slopes, drainage ditches and conduits to prevent water from collecting at the sites • Scarify the borrow pit operational site to encourage vegetation cover • Establish a vegetation cover corresponding to at least 75% of the cover present prior to excavation (supporting photographs) and maintain following the first rains after reinstatement • Minimize erosion by focusing vegetation cover on side slopes of the excavated area • Any required seeding will make use of local plant varieties Review Ensure the Borrow pit • Review borrow pit KRISO/ NPCU management plan management / monitoring implementation reports • Review reinstated borrow pit areas prior to handover of completed road sections • Engage local community authorities to take responsibility for long-term borrow pits in their areas • Ensure that the responsibility for management of borrow pits left open is assigned to the government entity / local authority • Verify conformance with Borrow Pit Management Plan Final Report 121 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 11 – Sample Code of Conducts Individual Code of Conduct Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children Definitions: Gender Based Violence (GBV) - is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. It can be sexual, physical, psychological and economic in nature, and includes acts, attempted or threatened, committed with force, manipulation, or coercion and without the informed consent of the survivor. A SURVIVOR is a person who has experienced GBV. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) is the actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power, or trust for sexual purposes including but not limited to profiting monetarily or socially from sexually exploitation of another Sexual harassment (SH) is the unwanted behavior of a sexual nature Violence Against Children (VAC) is both physical and non-physical forms including neglect, maltreatment, exploitation and sexual abuse I, ______________________________, acknowledge that preventing gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) is important. The company considers that GBV or VAC activities constitute acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, penalties or potential termination of employment. All forms of GBV or VAC are unacceptable be it on the work site, the work site surroundings, or at worker’s camps. Prosecution of those who commit GBV or VAC may be pursued if appropriate. I agree that while working on the project I will: • Consent to police background check. • Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. • Not use language or behaviour towards women, children or men that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate. • Not participate in sexual contact or activity with children —including grooming or contact through digital media. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defence. Consent from the child is also not a defence or excuse. • Not engage in sexual favours—for instance, making promises or favourable treatment dependent on sexual acts—or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behaviour. • Unless there is the full consent8 by all parties involved, I will not have sexual interactions with members of the surrounding communities. This includes relationships involving the withholding or promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for sex—such sexual activity is considered “non-consensual� within the scope of this Code. • Attend and actively partake in training courses related to HIV/AIDS, GBV and VAC as requested by my employer. • Consider reporting through the GRM or to my manager any suspected or actual GBV or VAC by a fellow worker, whether employed by my company or not, or any breaches of this Code of Conduct. With regard to children under the age of 18: • Wherever possible, ensure that another adult is present when working in the proximity of children. • Not invite unaccompanied children unrelated to my family into my home unless they are at immediate risk of injury or in physical danger. • Not sleep close to unsupervised children unless absolutely necessary, in which case I must obtain my supervisor's permission, and ensure that another adult is present if possible. • Use any computers, mobile phones, or video and digital cameras appropriately, and never to exploit or harass children or to access child pornography through any medium (see also “Use of children's images for work related purposes� below). • Refrain from physical punishment or discipline of children. • Refrain from hiring children for domestic or other labour which is inappropriate given their age or developmental stage, which interferes with their time available for education and recreational activities, or which places them at significant risk of injury. • Comply with all relevant local legislation, including labour laws in relation to child labour. 8Consent is defined as the informed choice underlying an individual’s free and voluntary intention, acceptance or agreement to do something. No consent can be found when such acceptance or agreement is obtained through the use of threats, force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or misrepresentation. In accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the World Bank considers that consent cannot be given by children under the age of 18, even in the event that national legislation of the country into which the Code of Conduct is introduced has a lower age. Mistaken belief regarding the age of the child and consent from the child is not a defense. Final Report 122 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Use of children's images for work related purposes When photographing or filming a child for work related purposes, I must: • Before photographing or filming a child, assess and endeavour to comply with local traditions or restrictions for reproducing personal images. • Before photographing or filming a child, obtain informed consent from the child and a parent or guardian of the child. As part of this I must explain how the photograph or film will be used. • Ensure photographs, films, videos and DVDs present children in a dignified and respectful manner and not in a vulnerable or submissive manner. Children should be adequately clothed and not in poses that could be seen as sexually suggestive. • Ensure images are honest representations of the context and the facts. • Ensure file labels do not reveal identifying information about a child when sending images electronically. Sanctions I understand that if I breach this Individual Code of Conduct, my employer will take disciplinary action which could include: • Informal warning. • Formal warning. • Additional Training. • Loss of up to one week’s salary. • Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. • Termination of employment. • Report to the police if warranted. I understand that it is my responsibility to avoid actions or behaviors that could be construed as GBV or VAC or breach this Individual Code of Conduct. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Individual Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and VAC. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Individual Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Individual Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action and may affect my ongoing employment. Signature: _________________________ Printed Name: _________________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ CONTRACTOR’s Code of Conduct Preventing Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation & Abuse (SEA) Definitions: Gender Based Violence (GBV) - is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. It can be sexual, physical, psychological and economic in nature, and includes acts, attempted or threatened, committed with force, manipulation, or coercion and without the informed consent of the survivor. A SURVIVOR is a person who has experienced GBV. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) is the actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power, or trust for sexual purposes including but not limited to profiting monetarily or socially from sexually exploitation of another Sexual harassment (SH) is the unwanted behavior of a sexual nature Violence Against Children (VAC) is both physical and non-physical forms including neglect, maltreatment, exploitation and sexual abuse 1. The company is obliged to create and maintain an environment which prevents Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation & Abuse (SEA) issues. The company is also required to maintain an environment where the unacceptability of GBV and actions against children are clearly communicated to all those involved in the project. In order to prevent GBV and SEA, the following core principles and minimum standards of behaviour will apply to all employees without exception: 2. GBV/SEA constitutes acts of gross misconduct and are therefore grounds for sanctions, penalties and/or termination of employment. All forms of GBV/SEA including grooming are unacceptable, be it on the work site, the work site surroundings, project neighbourhoods or at worker’s camps. Prosecution of those who commit GBV or SEA will be followed. 3. Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 4. Do not use inappropriate language or behaviour towards women, children and men. This includes harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, derogatory, demeaning or culturally inappropriate words, gestures or actions. Final Report 123 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 5. Sexual activity with children under 18—including through digital media—is prohibited. Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child and consent from the child is not a defence. 6. Sexual favours or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behaviour are prohibited. 7. Sexual interactions between CONTRACTOR’s and consultant’s employees at any level and member of the communities surrounding the work place that are not agreed to with full consent by all parties involved in the sexual act are prohibited. This includes relationships involving the withholding/promise of actual provision of benefit (monetary or non-monetary) to community members in exchange for sex – such sexual activity is considered “non-consensual� within the scope of this Code. 8. All employees are required to attend an induction training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure they are familiar with the GBV/SEA Code of Conduct. 9. All employees must attend a mandatory training course once a month for the duration of the contract starting from the first induction training prior to commencement of work to reinforce the understanding of the institutional GBV and SEA Code of Conduct. 10. All employees will be required to sign an individual Code of Conduct confirming their agreement to support GBV and SEA activities. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and SEA. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action. FOR THE COMPANY Signed by ____________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ Manager’s Code of Conduct Preventing Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation & Abuse (SEA) Definitions: Gender Based Violence (GBV) - is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. It can be sexual, physical, psychological and economic in nature, and includes acts, attempted or threatened, committed with force, manipulation, or coercion and without the informed consent of the survivor. A SURVIVOR is a person who has experienced GBV. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) is the actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, power, or trust for sexual purposes including but not limited to profiting monetarily or socially from sexually exploitation of another Sexual harassment (SH) is the unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature Violence Against Children (VAC) is both physical and non-physical forms including neglect, maltreatment, exploitation and sexual abuse Managers at all levels have particular responsibilities to create and maintain an environment that prevents GBV and SEA. They need to support and promote the implementation of the Company Codes of Conduct. To that end, Project Managers are required to sign up to Codes of Conduct applicable to their managerial duties within the context and also sign the Individual Codes of Conduct. This commits them to support and develop systems that facilitate the implementation of this action plan and maintain a GBV-free, child-safe and conflict-free work environment. These responsibilities include but are not limited to: Mobilization 1. Establish a GBV/SEA Compliance Team from the CONTRACTOR’s and consultant’s staff to write an Action Plan that will implement the GBV and SEA Codes of Conduct. 2. The Action Plan shall, as a minimum, include the i. Standard Reporting Procedure to report GBV and SEA issues through the project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM); ii. Accountability Measures to protect confidentiality of all involved; and, iii. Response Protocol applicable to GBV survivors/survivors (including access to support coping and post- trauma management strategies) and perpetrators. iv. Engagement of the services of social service providers (NGOs) with requisite skill in the prevention and management of GBV and SEA. 3. Coordinate and monitor the development of the Action Plan and submit for review to the RAMP-PIU safeguards teams, as well as the World Bank prior to mobilization. 4. Update the Action Plan to reflect feedback and ensure the Action Plan is carried out in its entirety. 5. Provide appropriate resources and training opportunities for capacity building so members of the compliance team will feel confident in performing their duties. Participation in the Compliance tame will be recognized in employee’s scope of work and performance evaluations. Final Report 124 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 6. Ensure that CONTRACTOR, consultant and client staff are familiar with the TRIMING GRM and that they can use it to anonymously report concerns over GBV and SEA. 7. Hold quarterly update meetings with the compliance team to discuss ways to strengthen resources and GBV/SEA support for employees and community members. 8. In compliance with applicable laws and to the best of your abilities, prevent perpetrators of sexual exploitation and abuse from being hired, re-hired or deployed. Use background and criminal reference checks for all employees. 9. Ensure that when engaging in partnership, sub-grant or sub-recipient agreements, these agreements a) Incorporate this Code of Conduct as an attachment; b) Include the appropriate language requiring such contracting entities and individuals, and their employees and volunteers to comply with this Code of Conduct; and c) expressly state that the failure of those entities or individuals, as appropriate, to take preventive measures against GBV and SEA, to investigate allegations thereof, or to take corrective actions when GBV/SEA has occurred, shall constitute grounds for sanctions and penalties. Training 1. All managers are required to attend an induction manager training course prior to commencing work on site to ensure that they are familiar with their roles and responsibilities in upholding the GBV/SEA Codes of Conduct. 2. Provide time during work hours to ensure that direct recruits attend the mandatory induction training which covers GBV/SEA training required of all employees prior to commencing work on site. 3. Managers are required to attend and assist with the NGO-facilitated monthly training courses for all employees. Managers will be required to introduce the trainings and announce results of consequential evaluations. 4. Collect satisfaction surveys to evaluate training experiences and provide advice on improving the effectiveness of training. 5. Prevention 6. All managers and employees shall receive a clear written statement of the company’s requirements with regards to preventing GBV/SEA in addition to the training. 7. Managers must verbally and in writing explain the company and individual codes of conduct to all direct recruits. 8. All managers and employees must sign the individual ‘Code of Conduct for GBV and SEA, including acknowledgment that they have read and agree with the code of conduct. 9. To ensure maximum effectiveness of the Codes of Conduct, managers are required to prominently display the Company and Individual Codes of Conduct in clear view in public areas of the work space. Examples of areas include waiting, rest and lobby areas of sites, canteen areas, health clinics. 10. Managers will explain the GRM process to all employees and encourage them to report suspected or actual GBV/SEA 11. Mangers should also promote internal sensitization initiatives (e.g. workshops, campaigns, on-site demonstrations etc.) throughout the entire duration of their appointment in collaboration with the compliance team, service providers and in accordance to the Action Plan. 12. Managers must provide support and resources to the compliance tea and service provider NGOs to create and disseminate the internal sensitization initiatives through the Awareness-raising strategy under the Action Plan. Response 1. Managers will be required to provide input, final decisions and sign off on the Standard Reporting Procedures and Response Protocol developed by the compliance team as part of the Action Plan. 2. Once signed off, managers will uphold the Accountability Measures set forth in the Action Plan to maintain the confidentiality of all employees who report or (allegedly) perpetrate incidences of GBV/SEA (unless a breach of confidentiality is required to protect persons or property from serious harm or where required by law). 3. Once a sanction has been determined, the relevant manager(s) is/are expected to be personally responsible for ensuring that the measure is effectively enforced, within a maximum timeframe of 14 days from the date on which the decision was made. 4. Managers failing to comply with such provision can be in turn subject to disciplinary measures, to be determined and enacted by the company’s CEO, Managing Director or equivalent highest-ranking manager. Those measures may include: Final Report 125 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works i. Informal warning ii. Formal warning iii. Additional Training iv. Loss of up to one week’s salary. v. Suspension of employment (without payment of salary), for a minimum period of 1 month up to a maximum of 6 months. vi. Termination of employment. I do hereby acknowledge that I have read the foregoing Code of Conduct, do agree to comply with the standards contained therein and understand my roles and responsibilities to prevent and respond to GBV and SEA. I understand that any action inconsistent with this Code of Conduct or failure to take action mandated by this Code of Conduct may result in disciplinary action. FOR THE EMPLOYER Signed by ____________________ Title: _________________________ Date: _________________________ Final Report 126 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 12 – Campsite Management Plan (CMP) The objectives of the Camp Management Plan are: • Avoid or reduce negative impacts on the community and maintain constructive relationships between local communities and workers’ camps; and • Establish standards on worker welfare and living conditions at the camps that provide a healthy, safe and comfortable environment. Legal Requirements and Grievances The CONTRACTOR is required to operate within the parameters of the Nigeria Labour Law and the International Labour Organization guidelines. The World Bank Performance Standards are applicable to TRIMING and its sub projects. Furthermore, the Grievance Redress Mechanism contained in this ESMF is required to be adhered to by the CONTRACTOR. CONTRACTOR personnel shall conduct regular safety walks and an HSE committee will track performance against requirements stipulated in this plan. The CONTRACTOR will also have its grievance mechanism developed for the project. Additionally, CONTRACTOR would be required to sign and acknowledge the Code of Conduct and agree to abide by its provisions. Management and Monitoring Figure below presents a flow chart summarising key management step associated with implementation and review of this Plan, including steps to allow for continued improvement. Table 1 presents a summary of the potential impacts related to camp activities, together with mitigation and management measures to avoid or reduce these impacts, and the monitoring required to assess the performance of these measures. The CONTRACTOR shall develop a CONTRACTOR Plan which shall, as a minimum, incorporate the camp management measures described in the Table below. The CONTRACTOR shall not be limited to these measures. Monitoring to be undertaken as part of this Plan is described in the table below. .The CONTRACTOR is responsible for developing area or site-specific procedures for the monitoring program (where necessary) based upon the final design details of the infrastructure. Final Report 127 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 13- LMP This plan identifies labour requirements and sets out the procedures for addressing labour conditions and risks associated with the proposed project, which is aimed at helping KRISO TRIMING to determine the resources necessary to address project labor issues. Although, the operational policy does not cover this plan, this plan will further ensure risks are minimized. Introduction A Labor Management Procedure is a framework which identifies labor requirements and sets out the procedures for addressing labor conditions and risks associated with the proposed project in line with the World Bank ESS 2: Labor and Working Conditions and National labor requirements. This LMP covers contracted workers, community workers and primary suppliers for the construction works .However, the LMP excludes government workers/civil servants working in connection with this project who will be governed by a set of public service rules, except there is a legal transfer of their employment or engagement to this project, and technical consultants engaged for expertise contracts who will be governed by mutually agreed contracts with the KRISO/NPCU. Objectives of the LMP: recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. Borrowers can promote sound worker-management relationships and enhance the development benefits of a project by treating workers in the project fairly and providing safe and healthy working conditions. The objectives are as follow: • To promote safety and health at work • To promote the fair treatment, non-discrimination, equal opportunity of project workers and decent work conditions • To protect project workers, including vulnerable workers such as women, persons with disabilities, children (of working age, in accordance with this ESS) and migrant workers, contracted workers, community workers and primary supply workers, as appropriate • To prevent the use of all forms of forced Labour and child Labour. • To support the principles of freedom of association and collective bargaining of project workers in a manner consistent with national law • To provide project workers with accessible means to raise workplace concerns Labor Requirements and Associated Risks for the Subproject Proposed categories of direct and indirect staff, and workers as follows: Category Description Examples Number Direct Workers Government Workers: Officers serving on the project including environment, i) 80 ( NPCU • Civil servants from various relevant line social, gender, procurement, engineer etc. ii) 20 (KRISO) ministries working at the NPCU and the KRISO • Principal, school staff and teachers deployed Officers at RBDA to work in the newly constructed schools Technical consultants Technical Assistants (TAs), ESMP/RAP/ 20 GBV/Engineering consultants etc. Contracted Workers Workers engaged through third parties for the Skilled and unskilled labor, sub-contractors, 100 new construction civil works contractors drivers etc. Primary Suppliers Suppliers of construction materials, school Suppliers of gravel, sand, stone, roofing sheets etc. 30 equipment/supplies Community People employed or engaged from the Skilled & unskilled labor engaged from the project 200 Workers communities to provide labor and services to the communities by the contractors (about 70% of project. This could be for civil works or to oversee required unskilled labor) the coordination and implementation of the project Final Report 128 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Labour Risks & Mitigation Risk/Impact Impact Analysis Mitigation Arbitrary decisions by • The duration of the contracts offered to contractor workers are short and • The KRISO will closely supervise the Contractor Recruitment Plan and ensure fairness of Employment Terms and Conditions contractors on terms and may not allow employees adequate time and information for meaningful against the applicable and prevailing National stipulations conditions of employment collective bargaining, leading to discontent of employees and disputes. • All information and documentation must be provided at the beginning of the working relationship and when any material • Project workers may not be provided with information and documentation changes to the terms or conditions of employment occur that is clear and understandable regarding their terms and conditions of • Where applicable, project workers will receive written notice of termination of employment and details of severance employment. payments in a timely manner Poor working conditions • The Rights of workers under national labor and employment law (which will • Project workers will be paid on a regular basis as required by national law and labor management with a principle of “equal (unsafe work environment, include any applicable collective agreements), may be abused pay for equal work� underpayment, lack of • Workers payment may be delayed, irregular, or may be underpaid. • In the case of subcontracting, the Borrower will require such third parties to include equivalent requirements and non- workers’ rights, etc.) • Campsites may be poorly managed, unconducive for workers, insecure, poor compliance remedies in their contractual agreements with subcontractors, as well as the necessary training and information sleeping conditions, lack of access to basic amenities like water, toilets, about the Labor Management Procedures as stated in this ESMP healthcare etc. • The KRISO shall inspect the campsites to ensure workers have appropriate living quarters with basic amenities provided and sanitation facilities separate for male and female. • All project workers will be provided with adequate periods of rest per week, annual holiday and sick leave, as required by national law. • Ensure that camp grounds and common areas are routinely cleaned and organized with appropriate signage in place, and that grounds are maintained (e.g., grassed areas are regularly mown). Non-discrimination and equal • Decisions relating to the employment or treatment of project workers may • The employment of project workers will be based on the principle of equal opportunity and fair treatment, and there will be opportunity discriminate against certain classes of workers including women, vulnerable no discrimination with respect to any aspects of the employment relationship, such as recruitment and hiring, compensation groups amongst others. (including wages and benefits), working conditions and terms of employment, access to training, job assignment, promotion, • Payment of workers may be based on discrimination e.g. male may be paid termination of employment or retirement, or disciplinary practices. higher than women even on the same level of job schedule. • The KRISO is compelled to safeguard the interests of women and girls, including gender parity at the workspace, appropriate • Foreign workers may be treated better than local workers in terms of living sanitation facilities at workplace and appropriate PPEs for women. conditions, unequal pay, varying closing time etc. even when they are on the same level of qualification and experience SEA/ Sexual Harassment of • Risks of sexual harassment of teachers and other staff is possible • GBV GRM focal persons and process for reporting incidents will be set up in each school. teachers and school staff and • Workers engaged by the project may also be exposed to SEA/SH/GBV • Training and sensitisation will be conducted for teachers & school staff on preventing & reporting SEA/SH incidents contract workers • Workers will be sensitised on Code of Conducts, prevention & reporting of such incidents • Contractor to ensure safe work environment: separate marked rooms and toilets for male and female workers, avoid work at night etc. Child Labor • There is a risk that children (below the age of 18) will be used as labor in the • The minimum age of eighteen (18) will be enforced at recruitment and in daily staff team talks by Contractors. The project. supervision consultant will monitor this compliance on site. • Under-aged persons within the community may be disguised as above 18 to • Contractors will liaise with community liaison officers/leaders to attest to the age and conduct of all local hires, and maintain enable them to work and get paid a list of same • Hired project workers above 18 shall conduct his/her activities in ways that are not detrimental with respect to education or be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development Forced Labor There is a risk that there could be involuntary or compulsory labor, such as • Contractors will ensure that no forced labor exists in the project by gathering documents and appropriate proof. indentured labor, bonded labor, or similar labor-contracting arrangements. • A consent section will be part of the employee signed employment contract which will be reviewed by the KRISO Social This prohibition covers any of the aforementioned. officer. Contractors will ensure that if labor is sourced from any sub-contracting agency, the workers are not subject to coercion and forced labor conditions. Labor Influx • The project may face influx of labor to local communities especially where • Encourage hiring of labor from the host communities. skilled laborers are not available in some project sites. This could lead to • Maintain labor relations with local communities through a code of conduct (CoC) Increase in potential spread of STIs/STDs, HIV/AIDs due to workers on site, • The Code of Conduct must be signed by all workers. Workers must be trained on the provisions of the CoC about refraining increase in GBV/SEA especially for Girls been exposed to contractors, sexual from unacceptable conduct toward local community members, specifically women and informed of the sanctions for non- relations between contractors and minors and resulting pregnancies, compliance. Training must be conducted for all new hires including sub-contractors. encourage presence of sex workers in the project communities • Contractors should make resources available for their workers especially where stated in the ESMP • This could also lead to competition for resources like water, health facilities, • Ensure there is a working GBV-GRM on site that people can lodge their complaints without fear of reprisal electricity in the project locations Grievance Mechanism • Workers may be aggrieved due to unfair treatment, poor working • A GRM has been designed for workers in section 6.8 to address concerns promptly, using an understandable and transparent conditions, conflicts, poor pay, overstretched working hours amongst other process that provides timely feedback to those concerned in a language they understand, without any retribution, and will things. operate in an independent and objective manner Final Report 129 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Risk/Impact Impact Analysis Mitigation • The workers will be sensitized on the use of the GRM by the contractor and the KRISO team upon recruitment and induction training • The KRISO shall provide oversight to ensure effective implementation of the GRM. • The grievance mechanism will not impede access to other judicial or administrative remedies that might be available under the law Occupational Health and Safety • Site workers will be exposed to risks of accidental collisions with moving • Contractors should provide HSE training for all workers before commencement of work and periodically vehicles, strains, and ergonomics from repeated movements or from lifting • All contractors should have full time HSE officers on their team and heaving of heavy objects, slips and falls. Accidental cuts from tools and • Contractors should provide adequate PPEs for all their workers and the contractors HSE officers should enforce machines are also safety risks. compliance • Dust and particulate emissions and welding works may cause respiratory • First aid boxes should also be provided at construction site, staging area and mobile and eye impairment health concerns for workers and the public • All sites and staging areas should be appropriately cordoned off to prevent unauthorised access • Movement of trucks carrying sand and materials, lack of road safety • Contractors will prepare Occupational Health and Safety Plans measures may also cause risk of accident, injury and death • Contractors should report OHS accident/incidents to the KRISO promptly, and the KRISO/NPCU should report this to the Bank within 48hrs (in accordance with the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) • Contractors should ensure training for their drivers and liaise with the Kano Road Safety Traffic Agency to control traffic during project implementation Right of Association and • Workers have the right to freely form, join or not join a trade union for the • The KRISO will ensure that workers are informed of their right of association and collective bargaining Collective Bargaining promotion and protection of the economic interest of that worker • The KRISO should also inform workers of the workers GRM and their right to utilize the system • Workers have a right to organize and collective bargaining, and representation Contractor Management • Lack of records and evidence could expose the contractors to litigation or • Records of workers engaged under the Project, including contracts must be kept accusation from workers or their representatives • Records of all training attended by workers including CoC, HSE, STIs/STDs, GBV etc. • Accidents/ incidents and corresponding root cause analysis (lost time incidents, medical treatment cases), first aid cases, high potential near misses, and remedial and preventive activities required (Corrective Action Register) • Records of strike actions, reasons and resolution reached • Records of grievances and how they were resolved • Records of all sanctions, punishments and terminations with reasons and follow-up actions taken • Documents should be kept at the site office with the site engineers and KRISO office • The NPCU team should check these records during monitoring visits Primary Suppliers • Primary suppliers could also have occupational injuries, • Primary suppliers should maintain records related to occupational injuries, illness and lost time accident, which should be incident/accidents while performing project related functions reviewed by the contractor quarterly • They could also make use of child labor, forced labor in their operations • A checklist for primary suppliers has been included in this ESMP and will form part of the contractual agreement with contractors to ensure due diligence on E&S compliance. This will be part of the Standard bidding document. Security risks Project workers, primary suppliers could be exposed to security risks in the • KRISO will engage a security adviser and also prepare & implement a security management plan in conjunction with the project areas such as kidnapping, banditry, theft etc. State Government, Police, NSCDC etc. • KRISO, Supervision Consultants, Contractors to develop security management plan in conjunction with the police and NSCDC. • The KRISO to ensure security coverage for all consultants engaged on the project Unfair Discipline and Workers may be unfairly penalised or dismissed, coerced or blackmailed to • Disciplinary process should be laid out before commencement of work and explained to every worker Termination of Employment avoid disciplinary measures or termination • Termination of appointment should abide by the following principles: • Valid or reasonable; • Clear and unambiguous; • The employee is aware, or could reasonably be aware of the rule or standard; and • The supervision consultant and the KRISO social officer/ GRM officer should periodically review workers disciplinary and termination processes to ensure that they are executed fairly and without prejudice • Where unfair treatment is established the KRISO should put in place corrective action and follow up to ensure execution Final Report 130 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works The risks and impacts associated with project workers and the risk associated with labor impacts are moderate due to the nature of construction activities which are well understood and largely within existing schools. The potential impacts can largely be avoided, minimized or managed through specific actions set out in table 32 below. This section outlines specific actions to be implemented including responsibility and timeline. Additional measures are stipulated in the General environmental management conditions for construction contracts in annex 4 and a Labour Management & Influx Plan in annex 10. While most of the actions are the obligation of contractors, the Supervision consultants and KRISO E&S officers will monitor compliance to all the conditions stated in this LMP and include this in the monthly E&S reports to be sent to the NPCU. Specific Actions on LMP Area of Concern Actions to be implemented Responsibility Timeline Recruitment and • Ensure non-discrimination in recruitment processes and terms of engagement especially against women Contractor Preconstruction and Terms of and PWD Construction Phase Employment • Formal contracts should be issued and signed for all skilled labor Supervision Consultants • Documented agreements to be made with unskilled labor including community labor which should be understandable language and signed by the employee/community liaison officer KRISO Social Officer • Contracts/agreements should stipulate position & work schedule, working hours, salary/wages, rest periods, penalties & sanctions, Poor working • Minimum wage to be paid for workers should not be less than the National minimum wage of N30,000. Contractor Preconstruction and conditions Payment should also be regular as stipulated in the agreement Construction Phase • Campsites to have appropriate living quarters, sanitation facilities separate for male and female, basic Supervision Consultants amenities including water and food, electricity especially to lighten up dark areas and adequate security • Working hours will not be more than the hours of 8am – 6pm, with an hour break period. Sundays will KRISO Social Officer also be observed as rest periods for workers. • Sick leave will be observed for workers and they will be paid during the sick/ injury period as long as it can be established that the ill-health is directly due to the work Child Labor • The minimum age of eighteen (18) will be enforced at recruitment and for adhoc/community workers to Contractor Preconstruction and be engaged by contractors. The supervision consultant will monitor this compliance on site. Construction Phase • Contractors to liaise with community liaison officers/leaders to attest to the age and conduct of all local hires, and maintain a list of same Community Liaison Officers • All workers to sign code of conducts to ensure their conduct is not detrimental, with respect to education or be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development All workers Forced Labor • No forced labor is permitted on the project Contractor Preconstruction and • A consent section will be part of the employee signed employment contract/ agreement Construction Phase • Contractors will ensure that if labor is sourced from any sub-contracting agency, the workers are not subject to coercion and forced labor conditions. A checklist has been included in the annex and will form Supervision Consultants part of the contractual agreement with contractors to ensure due diligence on E&S compliance for any subcontractors. This will be part of the Standard bidding document KRISO Social Officer and Procurement Labor Influx • Contractors will maximise employment of unskilled labor from the project communities Contractor Preconstruction and • Workers will sign Code of Conducts and ensure they maintain appropriate relations with local Construction Phase communities All workers • Contractors will make resources available for their workers to avoid competition with communities including water, healthcare as as stipulated in the general conditions of contracts in annex 4 • Contractors will not have their campsites in the school premises or within the communities. Rather either they lodge in town or outskirts of the community in line with section 3.4.3 • Workers to abide by all SEA/SH/GBV code of conducts Final Report 131 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works SEA/SH/GBV • Conduct sensitization & trainings for workers on Code of Conduct, SEA/SH/GBV prevention & response Contractor/ GBV experts Preconstruction and mechanisms including information on GBV focal persons and the GBV service providers Construction Phase • Ensure all workers sign Code of Conducts (sample provided in annex 8) Contractor/ Supervision Consultant Monthly Refresher Occupational • Submit company HSE Manual to the KRISO Contractor Upon contract signing Health and Safety • Conduct HSE trainings and specialized job trainings for workers • Procure appropriate PPEs for all workers including adhoc workers, community workers During Pre-construction/ • Ensure the day-to-day compliance with specified HSE measures including those in the OHS Plan in annex Construction phase 6 HSE Officer on every • Conduct daily HSE PEP talks contractor team Daily • Ensure availability of first aid boxes construction site, staging area and mobile kits, and well trained officers in first aid • Report HSE incidents and accidents to the contractor management Grievance • Sensitise workers on the available GRM channels and their rights to use them including complaint boxes, Contractor/KRISO GRM During Preconstruction Management GRCs, phone lines as stated in section 6.8 Officer phase/ During site meetings. • Ensure implementation of the GRM and ensure that all complaints by workers are resolved As required • Complaints related to GBV/SEA/SH should be channeled to the GBV GRM focal person who will implement GBV GRM Focal Person the GBV GRM protocol stipulated in section 6.7 • KRISO will ensure that workers are informed of their right of association and collective bargaining. However, they will not be victimised for forming unions or associations • Beneficiaries/complainants would be assured that there will be no retribution of persons especially females or cultural restraints when cases are reported discretely Discipline and • Penalties & sanctions should be explained to workers in an understandable language at the point of Contractor Preconstruction and Termination of engagement Construction Phase Appointment • Termination of an appointment must be valid or reasonable, clear and unambiguous. Supervision consultant/ • The supervision consultant and the KRISO social officer/ GRM officer should periodically review workers KRISO social officer/ GRM disciplinary and termination processes to ensure that they are executed fairly and without prejudice officer • Where unfair treatment is established the KRISO should put in place corrective action and follow up to ensure execution Security • Supervision Consultants, Contractors to develop security management plan in conjunction with the Contractor Upon contract signing police and NSCDC. This will be reviewed by the KRISO Supervision Consultant Reporting • Minor incidents and near misses will be reported to the KRISOs on a monthly basis Contractor HSE Officer/ Monthly • Major accidents, deaths, GBV/SEA/SH issues should be reported to the KRISO immediately and not Supervision Consultant later than 24hrs As required • The KRISO to flag major issues including major accidents, death, GBV/SEA/SH issues to the World Bank within 48hrs. KRISO Record Keeping • Site managers to keep records of workers engaged under the Project, including contracts must be Contractor As Required kept, records of all training attended by workers including CoC, HSE, GBV etc. • Records of accidents/ incidents and corresponding root cause analysis (lost time incidents, Supervision Consultant medical treatment cases), first aid cases, high potential near misses, and remedial and preventive activities required (Corrective Action Register) • Records of strike actions, reasons and resolution reached KRISO Final Report 132 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works • Records of grievances and how they were resolved • Records of all sanctions, punishments and terminations with reasons and follow-up actions taken • Documents should be kept at the site office with the site engineers and KRISO office While the risks and mitigation plan associated with recruitment/engagement of Labor has been detailed above, there is also the risk of Labor Influx (influx of foreign workers/non-indigenes) to the project communities. Table below highlights such risks, the accompanying mitigation and monitoring plan Final Report 133 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 14 –Outline for SMP CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION • Introduction • Objective of Security Management Plan (SMP) • Guiding Principles CHAPTER TWO: SECURITY POLICIES • Federal Government • State Government CHAPTER THREE: GUIDELINES, STANDARDS AND GOOD INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES CHAPTER FOUR: METHOD OF APPROACH FOR SMP CHAPTER FIVE: OVERVIEW OF SECURITY SITUATION/ RISK ASSESSMENT • Project Setting • Security Risks 1. Internal Risks 2. External Risks • Security Arrangements CHAPTER SIX: SECURITY STRATEGY FOR STATE • Planning and Preparedness • Prevention • Response CHAPTER SEVEN: SECURITY OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR RAAMP STATE • Boundary Security • Access-Point Operations • Incident Response and Reporting • Security Patrols—what patrols check and how often. • Security Clearance for Site Visits • Materials Storage and Control • Information and Communication—procedures for categorizing, handling, and controlling sensitive information. • Firearms Security • Special Situations CHAPTER EIGHT: SECURITY SUPERVISION AND CONTROL • Private Security Management Public Security Final Report 134 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Annex 15: Report on Emergency Repairs of Longitudinal Cracks on The Crest Of Tiga Dam Embankment In Kano State. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Tiga Dam was constructed from 1971 to 1974. Design and construction were completed by the Water Resources Division of the Kano State Ministry of Works and Surveys after various feasibility and preliminary studies by, inter alia, the US Bureau of Reclamation and NEDECO Consultants. The dam was constructed by Kano State Government, while the designer and contractor of the dam was the Water Resources and Engineering Construction Agency (WRECA). The dam is owned by Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) and operated by Hadejia Jama ‘are River Basin Development Authority. Deficiencies in the design and construction of the embankment and outlet works were identified early in the life of the dam. It has remained a high-risk structure since. Various investigations into possible improvements were completed by Nigerian and international engineering companies and organisations. In 1988, the Full Supply Level of the reservoir was lowered by about 3.40 m in view of immediate safety concerns. Extensive improvements to the drainage system of the embankment were implemented in the 1990s. This reduced the risk of potential internal erosion and consequent piping failure, which was deemed the highest risk factor of the dam. The safety of the dam remains a major concern, however. Royal HaskoningDHV was appointed under the Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) Project in 2014 to evaluate the then condition of the dam and propose further improvement and rehabilitation measures and to design these improvements. The dam was inspected by dam engineers of Royal HaskoningDHV a number of times between 2014 and 2015. After Royal HaskoningDHV appointment, a contractor (Messrs. SKIPPER Nig Ltd.) commenced with the construction of a Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEP) at the dam. Royal HaskoningDHV first became aware of this project during the first reconnaissance inspection in March 2014. During the second site inspection the extent and methods of excavation for the HEP became apparent. The excavation was very deep and concern was raised about the possible impact of the works on the stability of the dam. 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE DAM Tiga Dam is located on Latitude 11°26′14″N and Longitude 8°24′9″E along Kano River, a tributary of Hadejia River, in the Bebeji Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. The dam is about 89.7km from the city of Kano. Tiga Dam is a zoned Earthfill embankment dam on the Kano River. Its nominal height is 48 m from bottom of its cut- off trench: lowest foundation level (LFL) and embankment height of 33 m when measured from the downstream river level. The embankment is 6 km long. The original spillway is an uncontrolled concrete ogee spillway located on the left flank. The total length of the spillway is 447 m. It is divided in a central, lower section of 122 m. This was the original full supply level (FSL). The remaining 325 m of the spillway is 300 mm higher than the central section. Due to several concerns about the safety of the dam since construction, embankment to the left of the spillway (north) was removed and the flank further excavated to form a new uncontrolled bywash spillway. This new channel is approximately 200 m wide and at a base level of 523.87 m, that is 3.43 m lower than the original full supply level. Its original capacity was 1 974 x 106 m³ and the surface area 189 km². After the lowering of the FSL the capacity was reduced to 1 374 x 106 m³. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TIGA DAM The Tiga dam is a zoned Earthfill embankment whose main characteristics are as follows: Final Report 135 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Embankment height river bed level 48m Embankment length 6000m Crest elevation 530.96masl Upstream slope 1:3 Downstream slope 1:2.5 Crest width 7.6m Catchment 6,553 km2 Average Annual rainfall 1,000mm Average annual Inflow 1.11 x 109m3 Average annual runoff 1.3 x 109 m3 Annual evaporation losses 120 x 106 m3 Full supply level 527.304m (lowered to around 524m) Reservoir Volume at FSL 1.974 x 109m3 Reservoir area at FSL 18,900 ha Outlet capacity at FSL 65 m3/s Average Annual Spill 30.9 x 106m3 Outlets: Main 3.65m diameter (Penstock) 2.2m, 0.9m (Irrigation Canal) 1.5m Open Channel from CBU River Bed 3no (0.9m diameter) Spillway characteristics: No. Type Elevation (m) Length (m) 1. Fixed crested ogee 527.304 122 2. Fixed crested ogee 527.609 325 3. Saddle embankment (Emergency) 529.133 1,000 4. Bywash emergency Spillway 523.87 200 The purpose of the reservoir is to store water for the Kano River Irrigation Project (Stages I – 15,000 ha and II – 7,000ha usually designated KRP I and KRP II), for Kano City water supply and for Hadejia Irrigation Project. 1.3 The Purpose of the Assignment: On 6th September, 2020, TRIMING Project was notified by Sinohydro Corporation Ltd of lateral cracks on the Embankment crest of Tiga Dam, which was also confirmed by the River Basin Staff. It was reported that the crack (measuring: length-30 meters, width- around 10 cm, visible depth-60 cm) was observed 200 meters away from the left outlet of Tiga dam. This became the second crack observed since the retrofitting works of the Penstock by Messrs. Skipper Nigeria Ltd. Sequel to devastating flood incident witnessed in September-October 2022 especially within the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin, new longitudinal cracks were reported by Department of Dams and Reservoir Operations in November 2022 and TRIMNG Projects in December 2022. Upon receiving the reports, the Honorable Minister for Water Resources directed the Director, Department of Dams and Reservoir Operations to invite TRIMING Projects for a Technical Meeting which was proceeded with a joint site assessment and report of findings for remediation and mitigation measures. 1.4 COMMITTEE MEMBERS Engr Sabiu Danmallam TRIMING Project (SCC KRIS) Chairman Engr Suleiman Sani TRIMING Project (DMS) Member Engr Mansur Ibrahim FMWR/DRO Member Engr Imo Ekpo WBG Member Final Report 136 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works Engr Tajudeen A. Bukoye WBG Member Engr Taiwo Oyekan DPoE Member Alh. Lawan Turajo Former PM Tiga Member Alh. Abdulqadir Salisu HJRBDA (PM- Tiga dam) Member Engr Ibrahim.A.Abegye TRIMING Project (DSS) Secretary 2.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT AND TERMS OF REFERENCE Identify the causes of the longitudinal cracks (analysis of Geophysical and Geotechnical reports, soil analyses, reports of remedial works from contractors). Considering factors such as dam material properties, foundation conditions, the entire dam drainage system, the embankment configuration, construction practices, and environmental factors including. Assess the stability of the dam, existing condition, evaluate the risks posed by the cracks including potential failure modes and their consequences. Propose appropriate rehabilitation measures to address the identified issues and mitigate risks associated with the longitudinal cracks. Develop a comprehensive plan outlining the recommended rehabilitation works, including detailed design requirements, construction timeline, and estimated costs. 2.1 SCOPE OF WORK: Review of Previous Reports: Conduct a thorough review of relevant technical reports and existing documents related to embankment dam failures and rehabilitation methods to gain necessary insights into best practices and lessons learned. Site Inspection: Perform detailed field assessment to validate the findings from the site visit and inspection. This may include reports of soil sampling, geotechnical and geological investigations, and structural assessments of the dam, spillway, and other ancillary structures. Crack Identification, Mapping and Monitoring: Utilize non-destructive testing techniques to identify cracks within the embankment and monitor the longitudinal cracks in the dam structure, providing accurate measurements of their dimensions, orientations, and spatial distribution. Rehabilitation Plan: Based on the findings from the site inspection and analyses, develop a detailed rehabilitation plan that includes the recommended remedial measures, work requirement and specifications, and maintenance protocols to ensure long-term dam safety and performance. Cost Estimation: Provide a detailed cost estimate for the proposed rehabilitation works, including material costs, construction labour, equipment, and any required engineering services. 2.2 ITINERARY OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Arrival at Kano on 8th and 9th of February, 2024 Site visits to Tiga Dam on Saturday, 10th and Sunday,11th of February, 2024. Discussion on Site Inspection and report writing. 2.3 SITE INSPECTION The Technical Committee inspected the following: Entire embankment crest, upstream and downstream slopes; Final Report 137 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works The concrete spillway; The emergency spillway/bywash and the return channel; The standpipe piezometers; The observation wells and their discharge chambers; The toe drain structures; The Penstock Gallery and the drainage structure; and The Hydroelectricity Powerhouse. 2.4 OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS FROM THE SITE INSPECTIONS 2.4.1 THE EMBANKMENT CREST AND ITS SLOPES Cracks were seen from chainage 0 +150 to 3+650 on the crest of the embankment. Some of these cracks which were previously sealed using bituminous materials resurfaced on the same spot. The two (2) critical crack areas which were previously identified during 10th December 2023, are still the issue of concern during this visit. The chainages were these cracks are quite obvious are 0+850 to 0+900, chainage 1+500 and 1+550. THE UPSTREAM SLOPES: The upstream slope is visually stable, however, from chainage 350 to 2+ 950, it was observed that rip rap around this section were displaced. Also, trees and shrubs were seen in some few sections. DOWNSTREAM SLOPES: The downstream slopes was covered with overgrown grasses, trees and shrubs with curvilinearly undulating surface from the crest edge to the concrete toe drain, which has no defined slope due to settlement. The curvilinear nature of the slope is pronounced when view from the edge of dam crest. The curvy slope is prominent from chainage 350 to 3 + 950. 2.4.2 THE CONCRETE SPILLWAY- OGEE TYPE: No. Type Elevation (m) Length (m) 1. Fixed crested ogee 527.304 122 2. Fixed crested ogee 527.609 325 3. Saddle embankment (Emergency) 529.133 1,000 4. Emergency Spillway 523.904 200 In 1988, the full supply level of the reservoir was lowered by about 3.40 m in view of immediate safety concerns (USBR Report of 1987), since after the lowering, the concrete ogee remained unused. Excess flood is discharge through the 200m bywash section located at the southern end of the concrete ogee. 2.4.3 INSTRUMENTATION Tiga Dam is equipped with 39 standpipe Piezometers. The 6km length of the embankment is classified into three (3) zones of 2km each for ease of discharge of seepage flow from the observation well. During the site inspection, the Technical Committee identified 21 rectangular Observation Wells (A to U) which are located at the downstream of the dam. Also identified are the square shape Observation Well (7nos) numbers. 2.4.3.1 OBSERVATION WELLS (45 Nos Observation Wells and 6Nos. V-Notches) The Observation Well located at Chainage 3+900 to 6+000 designated as G to U is installed with a V- Notch, it commands 15 smaller rectangular Observation Wells which receives seepage flow from 15 piezometers which further discharges into observation well in zone 3 located 200m away from the edge of the downstream slope. Observation Well located at chainage 0+000 to 3 + 900 designated as A to G is installed with a V-Notch, it commands 7 smaller square observation wells (24 piezometers), which further discharges into observation well in Zone 1 and 2. Final Report 138 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works There is a V-Notch located in the switch yard which collects flows from two (2) observation wells at chainage Ch. 2+880 and Ch. 2+950. The V-Notch receives flows from 6 piezometers and drains directly into the river channel about 50m away. There are three (3) observation Wells located between chainage 0+000 and 2+150 designated as Zone 1 and equipped with 5 piezometers. These three (3) observations wells have no V-Notch. This lack of connectivity of piezometers to observation wells, contributes to dry observation wells and could be the source of excess pore water pressure in the embankment and possibly the cause of longitudinal cracks in this zone. Tiga Dam is connected with concrete cylindrical Observation Wells (10 nos) whose depth are measure 9m from natural ground level, these wells are 50m apart and are found in chainage 3+100 to 3+200, there located 50m from the edge of the foot of the downstream slope. They are connected to the seepage flow of the dam foundation. 2.4.3.2 SURVEY BEACONS 120 Number Survey beacons 50m apart are installed on the embankment crest. The beacons measure the movement of the crest with respect to crest settlement. The survey beacons are not been used to check the horizontal and vertical movements of the crest. 2.4.4 EMERGENCY SPILLWAY AND RETURN CHANNEL The downstream road was damaged by floods in 2022, because the existing bridge could not effectively convey the flood water from the emergency spillway. A training wall on the right bank of the return channel was washed away, destroying the watershed plantation and exposed the buried 4� steel pipeline: a transmission mains from the modular treatment plant from Tiga dam operated by Kano State Water Board the when pipe excavation through it was not properly backfilled. The water washed a new channel to the right (east) and into a depression. From this area the water flows along the road to the bridge, causing erosion of the road embankment. The inspections revealed that water ran along the embankment even before the training embankment was breached. Re-constructing the embankment will therefore not contribute significantly to protecting the road. The road embankment even though currently being repaired may not be sustainable until a thorough hydrodynamic studies of the return channel flow is conducted using flow model tools. The bridge is too small and an additional one is probably the most effective solution. During the site inspection, a four (4) cell culvert was seen been constructed at the breached section of the highway to Rano. Even with ongoing road rehabilitation works, the threat to the road and bridge by the floods remains. 2.4.5 THE TOE DRAIN STRUCTURES There exists stable toe drain in downstream edge of the dam, which collects run off water. Also, between chainage 0+150 to 2+000, there are 12 piezometers, however, these piezometers are not connected to two (2) observation wells within zone 1 for proper discharges of pore water from the embankment. The two observation wells in this zone are not functioning and it appears that substantial number of the cracks seen on the crest of the embankment are found in this zone. 2.4.6 THE PENSTOCK GALLERY AND THE DRAINAGE STRUCTURE The Technical Team were able to access the penstock gallery after successfully draining of the water which accumulated over time due to blockage of the drainage system, which hitherto flows effectively by gravity into the river channel. The Hydropower control room which houses the two Turbines (5.2MW- RBU and 2MW- CBU) is on the flow path of penstock drainage pipes (2 DN600 steel pipes and DN160 UPVC pipe) while the Switchyard is situated on the flow path of the V- Notch structure. These two-drainage systems originally flow into the river channel by gravity and freely until the construction of the HPP. The location of these structures creates blockages to the penstock drain pipes and free flow of discharges from the observation wells through the V- Notch structure. The blockage of the seepage water through the V-Notch constitute additional threat (uplift pressures) to the Dam embankment. Penstock Drain pipes: There are a total of 3 pipelines in Tiga Dam Penstock gallery. During the Team’s inspections, it was observed that these pipes: 2 Nos. DN600 steel pipes and DN160 UPVC pipe need to be repaired to restore their functions. The drain pipes each equipped with a knife valve for control. The main function is to drain the water in the diversion pipe. Existing pipes have been cut off of their functions due to the construction of the hydropower Final Report 139 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works station and cannot be drained normally and need to remain operative. In addition, the existing drainage pipe, a DN160 UPVC pipe, which is for draining accumulated water in the gallery has been blocked. All these three (3) drainages pipes need to be rechanneled to enhance their functions. 2.4.7 THE HYDROELECTRICITY POWERHOUSE. Tiga Dam is a multipurpose dam with 10MW Hydro Electric Power Plant (HEPP): 2MW horizontal Kaplan Turbine designated as Canal Bed Unit which requires 14m 3/s flow from the penstock into the turbine and a minimum load of 40% for effective power generation. 8MW vertical Kaplan Turbine designated as River Bed Unit which requires 26m 3/s flow from the penstock into the turbine and a minimum load of 40% for effective power generation. On 11th February, 2024, the HEPP Project Manager was contacted for a brief meeting. During the meeting, the Technical Team questioned the Project Manager on the impact of the 10MW power generation to the stored water in the reservoir, bearing in mind what happened during the test run of the HEPP on 26th January, 2024. The water level in the reservoir dropped by 0.2m from stage during 3hrs test-run. The Project Manager informed the Technical Team that the inlet flow into the turbine is been automated for 26m 3/s (8MW) and 14m3/s (2MW), it’s only the RBU of 26m3/s that will be discharge into river system, 14m3/s CBU will flow back into the main when the generation becomes fully operational. 2.5 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION Having inspected the Dam Embankment and its Appurtenant structures thoroughly, the Technical Committee has presented the following recommendations: The Longitudinal cracks on the crest of the embankment are a threat to the safety of the dam and should be immediately fixed and the curvilinear slopes of the downstream corrected to design slope of 1:2.5 Trees and shrubs should be removed and remnant roots treated with chemicals, similarly, overgrown grasses should be trimmed to desired level. All the 39 standpipe piezometers should are main function and to be monitored continually Piezometer level, V-notch calculation for determination of flow rates should undertake weekly by the dam operators: training of Tiga Dam Operators is required. All the Relief Wells and discharge chambers should be monitored and checked continually for free flow seepage water from piezometers. Readings of pore water pressure from the piezometers should be conducted weekly by the Project Manager or Assistant Project Manager Reading of the flows from V-Notches of the Relief Wells and Discharge Chambers should be conducted Weekly by the Dam Operators 2 Nos. DN600 steel pipes and DN160 UPVC pipe in the penstock gallery need to be repaired to restore their functions. Standard Operation Manual of the Installed Instrumentation should be used by the Operators while in weekly or routine inspection. The emergency spillway/bywash should be studied, designed and constructed to crest level of 526m amsl, for flood control and build up additional storage to compensate for HEPP when it becomes fully operational. Provide alternative solar power system to power the gallery extractor fan and lighten. Increase of manpower for the O&M and capacity building for technical staff generally. IWRM for all the users of the dam Power and Irrigation and synergy between FMWR, RBDA and Kano State government. Furthermore, the Medium-Term recommendations are: The Need for a Hydroelectricity Power Plant expert to review the effect of any vibration that could result from the operation of the HEPP on the long term. A Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) means of identifying the magnitude and spread of the cracks within the embankment should be conducted The Need for failure mode analysis which should cover the impact of the vibration generated from the operation of Turbines and the construction of concrete weir at the section of auxiliary spillway: H=1.75m which will increase impoundment by over 300MCM. Final Report 140 Official Use Only Addendum ESIA for Tiga Dam Remedial Works 2.6 CONCLUSION: The Embankment is structurally stable, however, cracks seen on the crest of the embankment corresponded to CH 0+150 to 2+950), in this area, especially, Zone 1 (CH 0 + 00 to CH 2+ 000) where all the Observation Wells are dried and are not working remains the greatest area of interest for the rehabilitation work. This is an indication of unhealthy embankment, and a disaster in waiting. There is therefore the immediate need to ensure that the Piezometers in this zone are well connected to the Relief Wells and effectively discharging seepage to the V – Notches, before the launch of campaign of rehabilitation works on the embankment. Achieving this sequence of rehabilitation program will enhance the safety of the dam, the community around the dam and infrastructure downstream. Final Report 141 Official Use Only