© Simone D. McCourtie/World Bank Sub-national differences in human capital in the CEMAC region Countries in the CEMAC region could strengthen Human Capital Index their human capital by investing more in education, 0.46 0.46 health and social assistance. A human capital index of between 0.27 and 0.46 suggests that residents of 0.39 CEMAC countries achieve between a quarter and a half of their potential. 0.30 In addition, sub-national analysis reveals 0.27 significant disparities within the countries. Gaps between urban and rural areas, as well as other regional divergences, generate inequalities that can be mitigated by more strategic and efficient spending. The following sections present heat maps for different dimensions of human capital available for the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad and the Republic of Congo. The analysis could not for Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, in the absence of recent sub- Tchad Central Cameroon Republic Gabon national data. African Republic of Congo Note: The chart contains new estimates based on the most recent data available, with the exception of Gabon, which uses 2020 data. No data are available for Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon ● The human capital index varies greatly from region to region, ranging from 0.31 and 0.32 in the East and North-West regions to 0.46 in the South-West. ● Two geographical groups stand out, with the East, North-West, Adamaoua and Far North regions performing significantly worse than the Centre, North, Littoral, West, South and South-West regions in terms of human capital indicators. Probability of survival to age 5 Expected years of schooling National National average average Far North 0.89 0.89 Far North 8.8 5.5 Nord Nord Northwest 0.90 Northwest 10.3 0.83 6.2 West Adamaoua West Adamaoua 0.94 0.87 10.8 8.8 Southwest Southwest 0.92 Center 11.4 Center 0.90 10.1 East East Coastal 0.85 Coastal 5.4 0.92 10.9 South South 0.92 11.2 <0.85 0.85–0.87 0.87–0.90 0.90–0.92 0.92 ≥ <4 4–6 6–7 7–8 8≥ Not stunted growth Human capital index National National Far North average Far North average 0.68 0.39 0.68 0.39 Nord Nord Northwest 0.75 Northwest 0.43 0.66 0.32 West Adamaoua West Adamaoua 0.64 0.64 0.44 0.38 Southwest Southwest 0.72 Center 0.46 Center 0.74 0.42 East East Coastal 0.58 Coastal 0.31 0.70 0.44 South South 0.77 0.45 < 0.64 0.64–0.65 0.65–0.71 0.71–0.74 0.74 ≥ ≥ 0.30 0.30–0.34 0.34–0.36 0.36–0.37 0.37 ≥ Tchad ● The human capital index varies relatively little, with most regions scoring between 0.26 and 0.28. However, the Chari-Baguirmi, Kanem and Lac regions stand out for their poor human capital performance, while N’Djamena has the highest score in the country. ● The southern regions of Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Chari-Baguirmi, Tandjilé and Mandoul have the lowest probability of survival to age 5 (less than 85%). This points to major health challenges. ● In contrast, the central regions of Kanem, Sila, Lac, Batha, Ouaddaï and Wadi Fira have the lowest number of school years completed, which is more indicative of the challenges posed by the education system. Probability of survival to age 5 Expected years of schooling Ennedi West National Ennedi West National 0.93 1.8 Tibesti average Tibesti average 0.97 1.4 0.88 3.2 Borkou Borkou 0.97 Ennedi East 1.4 Ennedi East Barh–El–Gazel 0.95 Barh–El–Gazel 1.4 0.93 Kanem 1.4 Kanem Lac 0.91 Wadi Fira Lac 0.4 Wadi Fira 0.89 0.96 1.2 1.3 Hadjer–Lamis Batha Hadjer–Lamis Batha 0.86 0.90 Quaddaï 2.6 1.3 Quaddaï 0.92 1.3 N’Djamena N’Djamena 0.91 Sila 5.8 Sila 0.92 0.9 Chari–Baguirmi Guéra Chari–Baguirmi Guéra 0.82 0.91 1.8 3.1 Salamat Salamat Mayo–Kebbi East 0.92 Mayo–Kebbi East 1.9 0.87 4.9 Moyen–Chari Moyen–Chari Mayo–Kebbi West 0.88 Mayo–Kebbi West 5.3 0.90 5.5 Mandoul Mandoul Logone Occidental 0.85 Logone Occidental 4.6 0.80 4.9 Logone Oriental Tandjilé Logone Oriental Tandjilé 0.81 0.84 <0.80 0.80–0.90 0.90–0.95 0.95–1.00 1.0 ≥ 4.8 4.3 < 1.0 1.0–2.0 2.0–3.0 3.0–4.0 4≥ Not stunted growth Human capital index Ennedi West Ennedi West 0.67 0.28 Tibesti Tibesti National National 0.67 0.28 average average 0.62 0.27 Borkou Borkou 0.67 Ennedi East 0.28 Ennedi East Barh–El–Gazel 0.62 Barh–El–Gazel 0.27 0.56 Kanem 0.26 Kanem Lac 0.54 Wadi Fira Lac 0.25 Wadi Fira 0.49 0.64 0.25 0.28 Hadjer–Lamis Batha Batha 0.63 Quaddaï Hadjer–Lamis 0.52 0.26 0.26 Quaddaï 0.57 0.26 N’Djamena N’Djamena 0.77 Sila 0.32 Sila 0.55 0.26 Chari–Baguirmi Guéra Chari–Baguirmi Guéra 0.60 0.62 0.24 0.28 Salamat Salamat Mayo–Kebbi East 0.59 Mayo–Kebbi East 0.27 0.63 0.29 Moyen–Chari Moyen–Chari Mayo–Kebbi West 0.72 Mayo–Kebbi West 0.58 0.31 Mandoul 0.31 Mandoul Logone Occidental 0.68 Logone Occidental 0.28 0.62 0.27 Logone Oriental Tandjilé Logone Oriental Tandjilé 0.67 0.70 < 0.56 0.56–0.62 0.62–0.63 0.63–0.67 0.67 ≥ 0.27 0.28 ≥ 0.24 0.24–0.25 0.25–0.27 0.27–0.28 0.28 ≥ Central African Republic ● The human capital index is particularly uniform across Probability of survival to age 5 the country, ranging from 0.28 to 0.30 depending on National the region. Region 7 of the capital Bangui stands out, average with a score of 0.37. 0.90 Vakaga Nana–Grébizi 0.93 ● The number of years of schooling is twice as high in 0.88 Region 7 as in many other parts of the country. The Ouham–Pendé Bamingui–Bangoran regions to the south-east of the country - Basse- 0.90 0.93 Haut–Mbomou Kotto, Haut-Mbomou and Mbomou - are particularly 0.89 Haute–Kotto badly off, with children expected to reach 3.9 years of Ouham 0.93 0.90 education compared with 7.9 in Bangui. Ouaka Kémo 0.88 Nana–Mambéré 0.88 Mbomou 0.92 Ombella–M’Poko 0.89 0.90 Mambéré–Kadéï 0.92 Lobaye Bangui 0.90 Lower Kotto 0.94 0.89 Sangha–Mbaéré 0.92 < 0.89 0.89–0.90 0.90–0.91 0.91–0.93 0.93 ≥ Expected years of schooling Learning-adjusted years of schooling National average National average Vakaga 5.1 Nana–Grébizi Vakaga Nana–Grébizi 4.7 4.3 2.6 2.3 2.7 Ouham–Pendé Bamingui–Bangoran Ouham–Pendé Bamingui–Bangoran 4.4 4.3 2.4 2.3 Haut–Mbomou Haut–Mbomou 3.9 2.0 Haute–Kotto Haute–Kotto 4.3 Ouham 2.3 Ouham 4.4 2.4 Ouaka Ouaka Kémo 4.7 Kémo 2.6 4.7 2.4 2.6 Mbomou Nana–Mambéré Mbomou 4.5 Ombella–M’Poko 3.9 Ombella–M’Poko 2.0 5.4 2.9 Mambéré–Kadéï 2.4 4.5 Lobaye Lobaye Bangui Bangui Lower Kotto Lower Kotto 2.9 4.5 5.4 7.9 3.9 2.0 Sangha–Mbaéré Sangha–Mbaéré 2.4 4.5 3.0–4.0 4.0–5.0 5.0–6.0 6.0–7.0 7.0 ≥ < 2.5 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 4.0 ≥ Not stunted growth Human capital index National National average average Vakaga Nana–Grébizi Nana–Grébizi 0.60 0.69 0.60 0.29 Vakaga 0.30 0.30 Ouham–Pendé Bamingui–Bangoran 0.59 Ouham–Pendé Bamingui–Bangoran 0.69 0.29 0.30 Haut–Mbomou 0.57 Haut–Mbomou Haute–Kotto Haute–Kotto 0.28 Ouham 0.69 0.30 Ouham 0.59 0.29 Ouaka Ouaka Kémo 0.60 Kémo 0.29 Nana–Mambéré 0.60 Mbomou Nana–Mambéré 0.29 Mbomou 0.52 Ombella–M’Poko 0.57 0.29 Ombella–M’Poko 0.28 0.60 0.30 Mambéré–Kadéï Mambéré–Kadéï 0.52 0.29 Lobaye Bangui Lobaye 0.60 Lower Kotto Bangui Lower Kotto 0.79 0.57 0.30 0.37 0.28 Sangha–Mbaéré Sangha–Mbaéré 0.52 0.29 < 0.58 0.58–0.63 0.63–0.68 0.68–0.74 0.74 ≥ < 0.28 0.28–0.29 0.29–0.32 0.32–0.37 0.37 ≥ Republic of Congo ● The human capital index varies widely across the Probability of survival to age 5 country, from 0.37 in the Likouala and Kouilou regions National to 0.47 in Brazzaville and 0.54 in Pointe-Black. The Likouala average 0.92 national average of 0.46 therefore mainly reflects the 0.95 situation in the two main cities. Sangha ● The Sangha region has the worst results in terms of 0.88 probability of survival to age 5 (88%) and absence of Couvette–West stunting (63%). 0.91 Cuvette ● The two main cities, Pointe-Noire and Brazzaville, 0.95 show the highest gaps between years of schooling Lékoumou achieved and years of schooling adjusted for learning. 0.92 In Pointe-Noire, adjusting for apprenticeship, the Niari Plateaux 0.96 0.95 number of years of schooling drops from 12 to 6.7, Bouenza while in Brazzaville, it goes from 9,8 à 5,4. 0.93 Pool 0.93 Kouilou Brazzaville 0.93 0.96 Pointe Noire 0.97 < 0.89 0.89–0.90 0.9–0.91 0.91–0.93 0.93 ≥ Expected years of schooling Learning-adjusted years of schooling National Likouala average Likouala National 7.8 4.5 10.4 average 6.4 Sangha Sangha 9.4 5.6 Couvette–Ouest Couvette–Ouest 9.1 5.1 Cuvette Cuvette 10.3 5.5 Lékoumou Lékoumou 8.5 5.0 Niari Plateaux Niari Plateaux 9.8 9.3 6.0 5.2 Bouenza Bouenza 9.8 Pool 5.5 Pool 8.8 5.0 Kouilou Brazzaville Kouilou Brazzaville 7.0 9.8 4.4 6.4 Pointe Noire Pointe Noire 12.0 8.1 <5 5–8 8–10 10–12 12 > < 5.1 5.1-5.9 5.9-6.6 6.6-7.4 7.4 ≥ Not stunted growth Human capital index Likouala National Likouala 0.69 National 0.37 average average 0.46 0.79 Sangha Sangha 0.39 0.63 Couvette–Ouest Couvette–Ouest 0.39 0.70 Cuvette Cuvette 0.42 0.79 Lékoumou Lékoumou 0.66 0.39 Niari Plateaux Niari Plateaux 0.44 0.74 0.41 0.71 Bouenza Bouenza 0.41 Pool 0.77 Pool 0.40 0.77 Kouilou Brazzaville Kouilou Brazzaville 0.37 0.71 0.47 0.84 Pointe Noire Pointe Noire 0.54 0.81 < 0.60 0.60–0.710.71–0.760.76–0.80 0.80 ≥ ≥ 0.30 0.30–0.41 0.41–0.44 0.44–0.50 0.50 ≥ Recommendations ● Prioritize investment in disadvantaged regions. Increasing service provision in under-served areas is necessary to reduce inequalities. ● Responding to the challenges of both supply and demand for social services. Improving human development requires strengthening the provision of health and education services, as well as enabling disadvantaged households to access these services through social safety nets. ● Collect data at regional level for all dimensions of human capital. Data on learning assessment results and adult survival is not are particularly lacking. ● In Equatorial Guinea, more data is needed to calculate the human capital index. Data on education outcomes is not are particularly lacking. ● Gabon should collect more recent regional data. Data sources : Cameroon: MICS 2014, PASEC 2019 Chad: MICS 2019, PASEC 2019 Central African Republic: MICS 2019, PASEC 2019 Republic of Congo: MICS 2015, GER 2019-2020, PASEC 2019 © Dominic Chavez / World Bank