ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR REHABILITATING A PRIMARY HEALTH CARE UNIT AT MPONERA HEALTH CENTRE IN DOWA DISTRICT, MALAWI The Project Coordinator, Malawi Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project, Lilongwe MALAW JULY 2024 Executive Summary This is an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for rehabilitating the Mponera Primary Health Centre Unit (PHCU). The PHCU is situated within Mponera Health Centre, located in Traditional Authority Mponera, Dowa District. Under the auspices of the Malawi Ministry of Health, the Malawi Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Project (MCERHSPP) seeks to fortify the national framework to detect, prevent, and respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future health threats. The Mponera PHCU benefits from the MCERHSPP initiative, which includes rehabilitating staff houses, library and classroom buildings. The project costs were not yet known at the assessment's time but are expected to be completed in six months. The project entails the rehabilitation of all the existing facilities at Mponera PHCU. The existing facilities include (i) a Library and classroom block to the north, (ii) a Kitchen and female hostel block to the west, (iii) an office and male students hostel block on the south, (iv) two staff houses on the east and (v) a perimeter brick wall fence. The project involves extensive renovations, including removing existing roof coverings, fascia, barge boards, and timber purlins for later refixing. Broken windows and various doors will be dismantled, along with essential joinery and damaged ceiling finishes. Sanitary fittings such as wash basins, shower roses, WC pans, kitchen sinks, and associated plumbing will be removed. Electrical fittings and wiring will be removed, and septic tanks will be cleared of blockages. Sewer lines will be prepared for reinstallation. Structural integrity will be ensured with shoring, needling, and strutting. Substructure work includes hacking off the plinth and preparing walls for plaster and paint. A brick wall will be removed, old paint will be scraped off, and surfaces will be prepared for new paint. Floor finishes involve removing and preparing for a new screed. Stormwater drainage will be improved by installing a 920mm girth brick on an edge-dished drain. The objective of the ESMP was to assess and predict potential positive and negative social and environmental impacts and develop suitable enhancement and mitigation measures, which are documented in an ESMP. The general steps followed during the assessment were desk studies, physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas, stakeholder consultations, and reporting and documentation. The desk studies involved reviewing project-related documents. Site inspection and stakeholder consultations were conducted between 3 and 4 May 2024. This ESMP has outlined the project's construction phase's potential positive and negative environmental and social impacts and has an ESMP implementation cost of MK16,875,000. The construction phase is divided into specific activities to track their impacts: mobilisation, demolition, construction, finishing, and demobilisation. The key impacts identified are presented as follows: i i. Enhanced Training Capabilities: By upgrading the dilapidated school structure, we ensure a better learning environment for HSAs, enabling them to acquire the necessary skills to serve as effective intermediaries between communities and the health sector. ii. Creation of Job Opportunities: The construction project will create short-term job opportunities, employing around fifty construction staff for less than 180 days. This impact, while temporary, provides valuable employment to the local community. iii. Traffic Congestion and Accidents: Increased construction and renovation activity can lead to additional vehicular traffic around the hospital, exacerbating congestion and raising the risk of road accidents. iv. Temporary Air Quality Deterioration: Though unlikely to exceed ambient air quality standards, dust and particulate matter emissions are anticipated during demolition and construction. Activities such as breaking down structures and using machinery can generate significant dust and emissions. v. Elevated Noise Levels from Machinery and Construction Activities: Construction machinery and equipment generate noise that may impair workers’ hearing and disturb the hospital community. vi. Potential for Accidents and Injuries On-site: Workers will be exposed to various occupational risks during construction, including using large machinery, working at height, and handling hazardous materials. vii. Gender-based violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Impact: The construction site may create environments where GBV and SEA can occur, affecting both workers and the surrounding community. viii. Generation of Solid Wastes, Spills, and Effluent: Various construction activities will generate waste and spills that can impact the environment. ix. Land degradation resulting from sand mining: The construction works will require sand for concrete works, likely sourced from rivers within the district. Sand extraction can potentially impact the aquatic habitat, water quality, river dynamics, key aquatic species, and food availability. x. Water and Soil Pollution: Demolition activities can lead to water and soil pollution, which can affect the water bodies and land. ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i List of Tables.................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ v List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Spatial Location and Size of Land ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 Methodology for Preparing ESMP ..................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Desk Studies................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Physical Inspection of Project Sites ............................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Stakeholder Consultations ............................................................................................. 4 Chapter Two: Project Description ............................................................................................... 5 2.1 Nature of the Project ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Description of Rehabilitation Works.............................................................................. 5 2.1.2 Description of Perimeter Fence ..................................................................................... 6 2.2 Project Cost, Duration and Estimated Number of Employees ........................................... 6 2.3 Main Activities of the Project .............................................................................................. 7 2.3.1 Mobilisation Phase ......................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Demolition Phase ........................................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Construction Phase......................................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 Finishing Phase .............................................................................................................. 7 2.3.5 Demobilisation Phase..................................................................................................... 8 2.3.6 Operation and Maintenance Phase ................................................................................. 8 2.4 Construction Process Inputs and Outputs .......................................................................... 9 2.4.1 Construction Material .................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 Construction Equipment .............................................................................................. 10 2.4.3 Construction Waste Generation and Management ....................................................... 10 Chapter Three: Legal Framework .............................................................................................11 3.1 Relevant Malawi Policies and Legislation .........................................................................11 3.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework ........................................................ 14 Chapter Four: Environmental and Socio-Setting .................................................................... 16 4.1 Physical environment......................................................................................................... 16 4.1.1 Topography and Geology ............................................................................................. 16 4.1.2 Soils.............................................................................................................................. 16 4.1.3 Climatic conditions ...................................................................................................... 16 iii 4.1.4 Land use ....................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Facility Management and Health Safety Protocols .......................................................... 17 4.2.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................................ 17 4.2.2 Sanitation Facilities...................................................................................................... 17 4.2.3 Hygiene Practices......................................................................................................... 17 4.2.4 Infections Prevention and Control ............................................................................... 18 4.2.5 Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 18 4.2.6 Health Facility Capacity .............................................................................................. 18 4.2.7 Health Status and HIV &AIDS Prevalence at the Facility .......................................... 19 4.2.8 Communication and Transport Systems ...................................................................... 20 4.2.9 Security ........................................................................................................................ 20 Chapter Five: Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts .......................................... 21 5.1 Impact identification .......................................................................................................... 21 5.2 Significance Ranking of the Impacts ................................................................................ 22 5.3 Impact Significance Rating for the Identified Impacts .................................................... 23 5.4 Description of Identified Impacts ...................................................................................... 23 5.4.1 Anticipated Positive Impacts........................................................................................ 23 5.4.2 Anticipated Negative Impacts ...................................................................................... 23 Chapter Six: Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring ................................ 26 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan .................................................................. 26 6.2 Implementation of ESMP .................................................................................................. 26 6.2.1 Ministry of Health ........................................................................................................ 26 6.2.2 Supervision Consultant ................................................................................................ 27 6.2.3 The Contractor ............................................................................................................. 27 Annex 1: Location Maps ............................................................................................................ 41 A1.1 Topography of the proposed project area ....................................................................... 41 A1.2 Spatial location map of the proposed project site. .......................................................... 42 A1.3 Proposed project site and other existing facilities. ......................................................... 43 Annex 2: Proposed layout plans ................................................................................................ 44 A2.1: Site Layout Plan ............................................................................................................. 44 A2.2 Library and Classrooms Block Layout ........................................................................... 45 A2.3 Kitchen, Dining and Female Students Hostel Block layout Plan ................................. 46 A2.4 Administration Offices and Male Student Hostel Block Layout Plan .......................... 47 Annex 3: Stakeholder Consultations ......................................................................................... 48 A3.1 Stakeholder Consultation Checklist for the ESMP........................................................ 48 A3.2 Stakeholder Consultations .............................................................................................. 48 iv A3.3 Stakeholders Comments .................................................................................................. 48 A.3.4 Evidence of Consultations ............................................................................................. 51 Annex 4: Code of Conduct for Contractor ............................................................................... 52 List of Tables Table 2-1: Proposed rehabilitation workforce ................................................................................. 6 Table 2-2: Estimated construction material and its usage ............................................................... 9 Table 2-3: Summary of construction material and equipment ...................................................... 10 Table 2-4: Main expected type of waste and proposed management measures............................ 10 Table 3-1: Relevance of WB Environmental and Social Standards to the project ....................... 14 Table 5-1: Potential Interactions of the Project with VECs. ......................................................... 21 Table 5-2: Significance Ranking Criteria ..................................................................................... 22 Table 6-1: Environmental and Social Management Plan .............................................................. 28 List of Figures Figure 2-1: Status of sampled facilities .......................................................................................... 5 Figure 4-1:Average mean monthly temperature and rainfall in Dowa district. ............................ 17 Figure 4-2: Waste management facilities ...................................................................................... 18 Figure 4-3: Common Diseases treated at Mponera Health Center. .............................................. 19 Figure 4-4: Number of newly identified HIV and AIDS-positive cases. ...................................... 20 v List of Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. CoF Certificate of fitness CoC Code of conduct COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 DCPC District Civil Protection Committees DESC District Environment Sub-Committee DSWO District Social Welfare Office EMA Environmental Management Act. ESF Environmental and Social Framework. ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework. ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion GBV Gender-Based Violence GRM Grievance Redress Committee GVH Group Village Headman HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IEC Information, Education, and Communication IFC International Finance Corporation KII Key Informant Interviews MCERHSPP Malawi Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Project MEPA Malawi Environment Protection Authority MoH Ministry Of Health OSH Occupational Safety and Health PAP Project Affected Persons PDO Project Development Objective PHCU Primary Health Centre Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SGBV Sexual And Gender-Based Violence SH Sexual Harassment STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TA Traditional Authority vi Chapter One: Introduction This is an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for rehabilitating the Mponera Primary Health Centre Unit (PHCU). This chapter provides background information on the project, details of the project proponent, project justification, objectives for developing the ESMP, methodology employed, and potential users of the ESMP. 1.1 Background Information Under the auspices of the Malawi Ministry of Health, the Malawi Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Project (MCERHSPP) seeks to fortify the national framework to detect, prevent, and respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future health threats. The project’s development objective is to prevent, detect and respond to the threat posed by COVID- 19 in Malawi and strengthen national systems for public health preparedness. The Mponera PHCU benefits from the MCERHSPP initiative, which includes rehabilitating staff houses, library and classroom buildings and constructing a perimeter fence. The Mponera Primary Health Centre Unit is a training school for Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) under the Ministry of Health. HSAs are crucial to Malawi's healthcare system as intermediaries between communities and the health sector. They provide various services, including health education, disease surveillance, immunisation, sanitation assessments, HIV care, family planning, and malaria prevention. Considering the proposed civil works at the school, MCERHSPP recognises the need to assess anticipated positive and negative environmental and social impacts and propose measures for managing these impacts. The objective of the ESMP was to assess and predict potential positive and negative social and environmental impacts and develop suitable enhancement and mitigation measures, which are documented in an ESMP. 1.2 Spatial Location and Size of Land The primary health care unit is situated within Mponera Health Center, located in Traditional Authority Mponera, Dowa District (Annex1-A1.1 1 ). The proposed site spans approximately 3175 square meters and sits 195 meters away from the Mponera Trading Center and the Lilongwe – Mzuzu (M1) road, both situated northward from the site (Annex1-A1.2). Two staff houses are positioned 20 meters to the northern side of the project site, whereas Mponera Primary School is located 95 meters south, accompanied by a primary school house 17 meters away in the same direction. On the eastern side of the project site, the waiting area (Shelter), waste site, and incinerator are situated at distances of 20 meters, 27 meters, and 62 meters, respectively. Conversely, behind the site, there is a warehouse located 37 meters away, and access to the site is taken from the M1 road, which passes through the health centre area 140 meters from the main road. A powerline that passes across the waiting area (shelter) intersects with the access route, and the prevailing winds blow from south to north from the hospital area ((Annex1-A1.3 2 ) 1.3 Methodology for Preparing ESMP The general steps followed during the assessment were desk studies, physical inspection of the site and surrounding areas, stakeholder consultations, and reporting and documentation. 1.3.1 Desk Studies The desk studies involved a review of Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Project Implementation Manual (PIM), World Banks Environmental and Social Framework (ESF), WB Industry EHS guidelines, Malawi CERHSPP Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP), Labour Management Plan (LMP), the Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), and the socioeconomic profile for Dowa District Council. Some selected national documents, policies, and pieces of legislation were also reviewed, with the pertinent ones being the Environment Management Act (2017), Public Health Act (1948), 3 Occupational Safety, Health, and Welfare Act (1997), Gender Equality Act (2013), HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Management) Act, (2018), and other pieces of relevant legislation and policies. 1.3.2 Physical Inspection of Project Sites The study team conducted a site inspection on 3rd May 2024 to conduct a detailed environmental and social screening of the proposed site and its surroundings. Environmental factors were meticulously examined to identify sensitive nearby features. Social factors were equally paramount, focusing on understanding the impact on nearby communities. Assessing potential land use patterns or changes in community dynamics ensured that the proposed works respected and preserved local social structures. Finally, legal and regulatory compliance was rigorously assessed to ensure national and international standards adherence. This included identifying necessary permits, licenses, or approvals required for the installation and operation of the incinerator, thereby ensuring that the project operated within the bounds of the law. 1.3.3 Stakeholder Consultations Considering that the proposed project works will be done within the hospital campus, stakeholder consultations were mainly done through key informant interviews with relevant heads of hospital departments. These consultations were done on 3 and 4 May 2024. These included the Hospital administrator, the District Environmental Health Officer, PHCS In-charge, and various staff. Interviews with patients were also conducted with randomly selected patients at the hospital. Consulting patients helped identify concerns about indoor air quality, noise levels, or other environmental factors that could affect their experience during rehabilitation works. Consulting patients also allowed us to assess potential risks and develop mitigation strategies to minimise environmental impacts on patient health and safety. Key issues raised during the KIIs are provided in Annex 4. 4 Chapter Two: Project Description This chapter provides an overview of the project's current status within the project cycle, aiming to facilitate comprehension regarding the level of detail and the available planning or design options. It delineates the primary activities carried out during the project's implementation phase, encompassing details such as the facilities to be rehabilitated in the Primary Health Centre Unit the nature of generated waste, on-site facilities, waste management strategies, and estimated project costs. 2.1 Nature of the Project The project entails the rehabilitation of all the existing facilities at Mponera PHCU. As depicted in the site plan presented in Annex 2 (A2.1), the existing facilities include (i) a Library and classroom block to the north, (ii) a Kitchen and female hostel block to the west, (iii) an office and male students hostel block on the south and (iv) two staff houses on the east. The current status of these facilities is in dilapidated form, as depicted in Figure 2-1. Rehabilitating the campus involves extensive demolition and alteration works. The layout plans of the facilities are provided in Annex 2. In addition to the rehabilitation works, the works will construct a perimeter fence around the facility. classroom kitchen Figure 2-1: Status of sampled facilities 2.1.1 Description of Rehabilitation Works The project includes the removal of existing roof coverings, fascia, barge boards, and timber purlins to allow for later refixing. Windows with broken louvres and various doors, including FLBB, flush, and steel frame doors, will be dismantled. Essential joinery and ceiling finishes, such as cornices and damaged brandering, will also be removed. The project addresses sanitary fittings 5 by removing wash basins, shower roses, WC pans, kitchen sinks, and the necessary plumbing. Electrical fittings, including wiring and fixtures, will be taken down, and blockages in septic tanks will be cleared. Preparations will also be made to redo sewer lines. Structural integrity will be maintained throughout the process by supplying and erecting shoring, needling, and strutting. Substructure work includes hacking off the plinth and preparing walls for plaster and paint. Additionally, one brick wall will be removed, existing paint will be scraped off, and surfaces will be prepared for new paint over a large area. Floor finishes will involve removing the existing screed and preparing for a new screed. Stormwater drainage improvements include installing a 920mm girth brick on an edge-dished drain. 2.1.2 Description of Perimeter Fence The construction of the perimeter fence at the Mponera Primary Health Centre Unit involves a detailed process to ensure a durable and secure boundary. The substructure work includes excavating trenches to a depth of 1500mm and laying strip footings with plain in-situ concrete. Essential measures like ant treatment and water management are implemented to maintain the foundation's structural integrity. The boundary wall construction involves using solid precast cement and crush run blocks, reinforced with brick force for added strength. Loadbearing blocks and block piers are used for the superstructure, with reinforced concrete copings installed for durability. Metalworks include the installation of a large sliding gate, a smaller gate, and multiple grill panels, providing secure access points. These comprehensive steps ensure that the fence enhances security and supports the health centre's overall operational efficiency, contributing to a safer and more effective healthcare environment. 2.2 Project Cost, Duration and Estimated Number of Employees The project costs are estimated to be USD 250,000 and are expected to be completed in three months. The demolition and rehabilitation works will require between 40 and 55 people, with the roles depicted in Table 2-1. Gender representation will be prioritised, striving for at least 30% representation of females wherever feasible. Table 2-1: Proposed rehabilitation workforce Role Number of Workers Project Manager 1 Site Supervisor/Foreman 1-2 Architect/Engineer 1-2 Masons/Bricklayers 10-12 Carpenters 4-6 Plumbers 2-3 Electricians 2-3 Labourers 10-15 Painters/Plasterers 4-6 Roofers 3-4 6 Role Number of Workers Glaziers 2-3 Tilers 2-3 Security Personnel 1-2 2.3 Main Activities of the Project The project implementation cycle at the Mponera Health Care Unit involves the phases of mobilisation, demolition, construction, finishing, and demobilisation. Below are the main activities carried out during these phases. 2.3.1 Mobilisation Phase During mobilisation, detailed project planning and scheduling are developed, with roles and responsibilities assigned to team members. Necessary permits and approvals are obtained from local authorities. Procurement activities include ordering and purchasing materials, equipment, and tools, and arranging their delivery and storage on-site. Site preparation involves setting up temporary facilities such as storage sheds and worker rest areas, and installing safety signage and barriers around the site. Staff orientation and training sessions ensure all workers are briefed on safety protocols, project scope, and timelines. 2.3.2 Demolition Phase The demolition phase involves clearing the site of any existing debris or obstacles. Structural demolition is carefully executed according to the plan, ensuring the safe removal of walls, partitions, and other marked components. Waste management procedures are followed, including sorting and segregating demolition waste for recycling or disposal, and handling hazardous materials per environmental regulations. The site is thoroughly cleaned to prepare for construction activities. An inspection ensures all demolition work is safely and effectively completed, and the phase's completion is documented. 2.3.3 Construction Phase In the construction phase, foundation and structural work commence with laying and building the main structural framework. New walls, partitions, and roofing are constructed as per the design. Plumbing and electrical installations include setting up water supply, drainage, wiring, lighting, and power outlets. Internal layout construction includes building internal walls, ceilings, floors, and installing doors and windows. Regular inspections ensure construction quality and adherence to safety standards. 2.3.4 Finishing Phase The finishing phase involves painting walls, ceilings, and other surfaces, and installing tiles in areas like the staff resting room and laboratory spaces. Fixture and furniture installation includes setting up laboratory benches, fume hoods, safety cabinets, office furniture, storage units, and 7 furnishings for the staff resting room. Plumbing and electrical finishing involve fitting fixtures such as sinks, faucets, lights, switches, and outlets. Specialised laboratory equipment, like autoclaves and refrigerators, are installed. Final touches include thorough cleaning and final inspections to ensure all finishes meet the required standards. 2.3.5 Demobilisation Phase During demobilisation, the site is cleaned by removing temporary facilities and construction debris, ensuring it is ready for occupancy. Final inspections confirm all work is completed to specification and that any remaining punch list items are addressed. Documentation and reporting include compiling and submitting all project documentation, such as as-built drawings and compliance certificates, and providing a final report summarising the completed work. A formal handover ceremony between the contractor and the Ministry of Health and staff training on using new equipment and facilities is conducted. The project closes with a post-project review to assess performance and lessons learned, demobilising the project team and closing out contracts with suppliers and subcontractors. 2.3.6 Operation and Maintenance Phase The operation and maintenance phase of the newly installed facilities, including the kitchen, hostels, classrooms, and staff houses, is crucial to ensuring their efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This phase includes all necessary activities to maintain these facilities' optimal functionality and longevity. i. Training of Staff: Kitchen personnel will be trained in food safety, hygiene practices, and the use of kitchen equipment. Hostel and staff house supervisors will be instructed on proper maintenance protocols and emergency procedures. Teachers and classroom aides will receive training on using educational technology and classroom management techniques. ii. Quality Control Tests: Regular inspections and quality control checks will be conducted to ensure all facilities meet safety and operational standards. This includes checking kitchen appliances, fire safety equipment in hostels, and classroom teaching aids. iii. Scheduling and Management: Efficient scheduling and management systems will be implemented to optimise the use of all facilities. Kitchen operations will be timed to align with meal schedules, while hostel room assignments and classroom timetables will be managed to maximise space utilisation and student comfort. iv. Proper Waste Disposal: Proper waste disposal procedures will be established, with segregated bins for different types of waste in the kitchen, hostels, and classrooms. Organic waste from the kitchen will be composted or disposed of according to environmental guidelines, while recyclable materials will be sorted and processed appropriately. 8 v. Regular Inspections: Routine inspections will assess the condition of the kitchen equipment, hostel facilities, classroom furniture, and staff houses. This helps identify and address maintenance issues promptly. vi. Replacement of Parts: Critical parts and equipment, such as kitchen appliances, hostel plumbing fixtures, classroom technology, and household items in staff houses, will be replaced based on wear and usage. This ensures continuous and efficient operation of all facilities. 2.4 Construction Process Inputs and Outputs The construction process for the laboratory building involves various inputs and outputs, crucial for the project's successful completion. These inputs include construction materials, equipment, and human resources, while the outputs primarily consist of the constructed facility and various types of waste generated during the process. 2.4.1 Construction Material Table 2-2 provides estimates based on standard practices and the assumed size and scope of the project. Considering local material availability and specific project requirements, the estimated materials and quantities are not final and can change. Table 2-2: Estimated construction material and its usage Material Estimated Usage Quantity Cement 200 bags Foundations, concrete slabs, mortar for bricklaying Sand 50 cubic meters Concrete mix, plastering, mortar Gravel 40 cubic meters Concrete mix for foundations and slabs Bricks/Blocks 10,000 units Wall construction for perimeter fence Reinforcement 2 tons Reinforcing concrete structures Bars Timber 5 cubic meters Formwork for concrete, roofing structures, doors, and windows frames Roofing 500 square Roofing for classrooms, hostels, staff houses Sheets meters Tiles 300 square Flooring for kitchen, bathrooms, and selected areas meters Paint 200 liters Interior and exterior painting of all buildings Windows 50 units Installation in classrooms, hostels, staff houses Doors 60 units Installation in classrooms, hostels, staff houses Plumbing 300 meters Water supply and drainage systems Pipes Electrical 500 meters Electrical wiring for lighting and power outlets Cables Lighting 80 units Indoor and outdoor lighting for all buildings Fixtures 9 Material Estimated Usage Quantity Kitchen Assorted Installation in the kitchen for meal preparation Equipment Furniture Assorted Classroom desks, hostel beds, staff house furniture 2.4.2 Construction Equipment In a low-construction technology setting such as Malawi, the construction equipment used will typically be more basic and less mechanised. Table 2-3 provides a summary of construction equipment for the construction phase. Table 2-3: Summary of construction material and equipment SN Raw Material Source Mode of Delivery 1 Diesel (for the operation of the generator Local approved suppliers Road truck and machinery) 2 Construction Water Existing water sources from Existing water mains Central Region Water Board 3 Equipment (Tippers, scaffolding Contractor Road truck materials, light passenger vehicles, Engine generator and hand tools) 2.4.3 Construction Waste Generation and Management The project is expected to produce different types of waste. Table 2-4 shows the expected type of waste and proposed management measures. For this project, each construction and rehabilitation work is expected to generate non-hazardous waste that can be recycled, reused or disposed of at the Dowa District Council recommended dumpsite within 5 kilometres from the site. Table 2-4: Main expected type of waste and proposed management measures Type of Waste Description Estimated Management Measures Quantity Demolition Concrete, bricks, wood, 10-15 cubic Disposal at Dowa District Council Waste metal scraps meters dumpsite. Construction Timber, metal off-cuts, 5-10 cubic Minimization, Disposal at Dowa District Waste packaging, excess materials meters Council recommended dumpsite. Hazardous Paints, solvents, used oil 100-200 litres Safe handling, specialized disposal Waste General Waste Food wrappers, personal 1-2 cubic Provision of bins, Disposal at Dowa waste, broken tools meters District Council recommended dumpsite. Excavation Soil, rocks, vegetation 20-30 cubic Reuse, Disposal at Dowa District Waste meters Council recommended dumpsite. 10 Chapter Three: Legal Framework This chapter reviews the legal framework relevant to the proposed project and outlines its potential impacts. It also references key legislation. Additionally, the chapter offers an account of all the regulatory licenses and approvals necessary for the proposed project to align with environmentally sound management practices and comply with pertinent existing legislation. 3.1 Relevant Malawi Policies and Legislation Malawi committed to the 1992 Rio Declaration's Principle 17, which mandates environmental impact assessments (EIA) for activities with significant environmental impacts. The project aligns with the 2017 EMA and various sectoral policies, ensuring sustainable environmental management and responsible resource use. Piece of Description Relevance to Project Activities Legislation National The policy provides strategies for environmental and social Project activities will integrate Environmental planning, environmental and social impact assessment, environmental and social management and Policy (2004) environmental and social audits, and environmental and protection during project planning and social monitoring, among others. On ESIAs, the objective implementation. is to regularly review and administer the guidelines for ESIAs, audits, monitoring, and evaluation so that adverse environmental and social impacts can be eliminated or mitigated and environmental and social benefits enhanced. Environmental The Act is the main law for environmental protection and The proposed works will comply with Management sustainable resource use. Section 7 establishes MEPA and Malawi's 2017 Environment Management Act (2017) its authority over environmental assessments. Section Act, ensuring MEPA approval for ESMP, 31provides requirements for MEPA approval for projects adherence to environmental standards, and needing an ESIA. Sections 99-104 prescribe penalties for avoidance of non-compliance penalties. ESIA non-compliance, hazardous substance mismanagement, and pollution, including fines of up to fifty million Kwacha and imprisonment of up to fifteen years. National The National Gender Policy provides guidelines to reduce The proposed project will contribute to Gender Policy gender inequalities, promote participation, and achieve addressing GBV by identifying risks and (2015) equitable development. Section 1.3 provides guidelines for mitigation measures for workers and mainstreaming gender, and section 3.6 promotes the surrounding communities, sexual economic development and empowerment of women. exploitation (for those seeking job Section 3.7 recognizes that GBV, especially violence opportunities), sexual harassment at the against women, girls, and vulnerable groups, severely workplace, and other GBV related spillover impedes social well-being and poverty reduction. effects of the project. Gender The Act in Chapter 25:06 promotes gender equality and The implication of the Act on the proposed Equality Act equal integration, influences empowerment, dignity, and project is that sexual harassment must be (2015) opportunities for men and women in all functions of society, addressed by contractors holistically, prohibits and provides redress for sex discrimination, including by instituting the measures harmful practices, and sexual harassment, provides for prescribed by law. 11 Piece of Description Relevance to Project Activities Legislation public awareness on the promotion of gender equality and connected matters. Section 6(1) of the Act states that a person who commits an act of harassment if he or she engages in any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature in the circumstances would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated, and (2) a person who sexually harasses another in terms of the preceding subsection is liable to a fine and imprisonment specified under subsection (2). National Section 1.3 of the National Water Policy explains that the The project activities have the potential to Water Policy policy provides an enabling framework for integrated water negatively affect the water resources of the (2005) resources management in Malawi. Section 3.4.9 stresses rivers in the project area. It is therefore that Pollution control of water resources shall adopt the recommended that the implementation of ‘Polluter–Pays’ principle to ensure water user's the project's activities should minimize responsibility. Section 5 points out that environmental pollution of the public water, promoting degradation has negatively affected surface and public health and hygiene and groundwater quality, among other factors. Section 5.2.2 - environmental sustainability. Ensuring and promoting proper management and disposal of wastes. National The National Sanitation Policy provides a vehicle to The proposed project will ensure that liquid Sanitation transform Malawi's hygiene and sanitation situation. and solid waste management encourages Policy (2008) Section 3.1.1 promotes the improvement of hygiene, waste reduction, recycling, and reuse sanitation, and waste recycling in the country. before final disposal, complying with the policy's provisions. National HIV The policy aims to prevent HIV infections, reduce The proposed project will implement an and AIDS vulnerability, improve treatment and support for those HIV/AIDS policy and support program, Policy (2005) living with HIV/AIDS, and mitigate its socio-economic ensuring no pre-employment HIV testing impact. Chapter 7 addresses HIV/AIDS in the workplace, or discrimination based on HIV status. highlighting issues like absenteeism, low productivity, and Employees will not be forced to disclose discrimination. their HIV status, and any voluntary disclosures will remain confidential. National The Policy promotes the rights of people with disabilities The policy on the proposed project implies Equalization and integrates them to enable them to play a full and that the contractor will be required to of participatory role in society. provide job opportunities to people with Opportunities Section 2, subsections 2.3 and 2.4.8 of the policy state that disabilities to ensure that they are also for Persons people with disabilities are most affected by poor economically empowered. with infrastructure, such as buildings not designed to Disabilities accommodate or meet their special needs. Similarly, Policy (2006) Subsection 2.45 of the policy states that people with disabilities have restricted employment opportunities, mainly due to discrimination, inadequate education, job experience, and confidence. 12 Piece of Description Relevance to Project Activities Legislation Disability Act This act is a significant step towards ensuring equal The project will ensure that buildings, (2013) opportunities and rights for persons with disabilities. facilities, and infrastructure are accessible Promoting policies and legislation that aim to equalise to all persons with disabilities. and promote opportunities, protect rights, and fully integrate persons equal employment opportunities for with disabilities into all aspects of life recognises their persons with disabilities. inherent dignity and well-being. Sections 9 and 13 of the acts are particularly commendable, as they prohibit discrimination in accessing premises, provision of services, and employment opportunities based on disability. Public Health The Public Health Act of 1948 governs health-related The proposed projects must ensure suitable Act (1948) issues, including environmental and occupational health toilet facilities for all genders, manage and solid waste management. Section 59 prohibits stormwater effectively and prevent nuisances in workplaces, such as unclean conditions, nuisances to maintain public health and offensive odours, poor ventilation, and inadequate lighting, safety. Compliance with these provisions is which endanger employee health. It also addresses the need essential for the project's success. for sanitary latrines and proper wastewater discharge. Section 88 mandates separate toilets for males and females in public buildings. Occupation The Act regulates employment conditions for safety, health, Safety measures, particularly shielding and Safety, Health, and welfare in workplaces in Malawi. It mandates limiting radiation exposure, will be and Welfare workplace registration, inspection of plant and machinery, prioritised. Personal protective equipment Act (1997) and accident prevention. Part II requires workplaces to be will be used supplementally or in registered with the director maintaining a register. Part III emergencies. The hospital must implement outlines employer duties, including providing safe work all ESMP safety measures. systems, risk-free handling of substances, and adequate employee training and supervision. Environment The regulations, under the Environment Management Act, The health facility must manage all waste Management expand on the 1948 Public Health Act. Hazardous waste is during rehabilitation, ensuring compliance (Waste identified by categories in the Seventh Schedule and with these regulations for safe storage, Management characteristics in the Eighth Schedule, such as handling, and disposal to protect public and corrosiveness and flammability. Section 8 mandates waste health and the environment. Sanitation) generators to safely store general waste to prevent health Regulations hazards. (2008) Public Health Public Health rules mandate both employers and employees The Ministry of Labour will inspect Corona Virus to implement general preventive measures, such as self- workplaces for adherence. The developer Disease of quarantine for at-risk individuals, covering mouth and nose of the two proposed projects must ensure 2019 when coughing or sneezing, avoiding touching the face, COVID-19 guidelines are implemented (COVID-19) eating thoroughly cooked food, and avoiding handshakes and followed by both employers and (Prevention, and close contact. Employers must form a team to employees. Containment implement these guidelines and disseminate them to all and employees. Employees must cooperate and report non- Management) compliance. Rules (2020) 13 Piece of Description Relevance to Project Activities Legislation Child Care, The Act in Part II, division 6 emphasizes the protection of The implication of the Act on the proposed Protection and children from undesirable practices. The undesirable project is that plans and strategies must be Justice practices are outlined in sections 79 and 80. Section 79 of in place to guard against child trafficking, (Amendment) the Act protects any child from child trafficking. Section 80 including through recruitment (child Act (2010) protects a child from harmful cultural practices. labour). Penal Code, Section 138 (1) of the Penal Code punishes the defilement The ESMP has articulated how project will Chapter 7:01 of girls under sixteen years of age (punishable with life guard against the perpetuation of the crime imprisonment). Sexual abuse and exploitation of children is by project workers. a common practice in construction in sites. 3.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework The World Bank Environmental and Social Framework sets out the World Bank’s commitment to sustainable development through a Bank Policy and a set of Environmental and Social Standards designed to support Borrowers’ projects to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. The Environmental and Social Standards set out the requirements for Borrowers relating to the identification and assessment of environmental and social risks and impacts associated with projects supported by the Bank through Investment Project Financing. The Bank believes that the application of these standards, by focusing on the identification and management of environmental and social risks, will support Borrowers in their goal to reduce poverty and increase prosperity in a sustainable manner for the benefit of the environment and their citizens. The Environmental and Social Standards that apply to the project are given in Table 3-1. Table 3-1: Relevance of WB Environmental and Social Standards to the project Environmental Main requirements and conducted activities to meet them & Social Standards ESS 1 - ESS1 sets out the Client’s responsibilities for assessing, managing, and monitoring Assessment and environmental and social risks and impacts associated with each stage of a project Management of supported by the Bank through Investment Project Financing, to achieve Environmental environmental and social outcomes consistent with the Environmental and Social and Social Standards (ESSs). The objective of the standard is to identify, assess, evaluate, and Risks and manage environment and social risks and impacts in a manner consistent with the Impacts ESF. Adopt differentiated measures so that adverse impacts do not fall disproportionately on the disadvantaged or vulnerable, and they are not disadvantaged in sharing development benefits and opportunities. The proposed work has identified E&S risks and impacts based on consultations with health facility stakeholders. This ESMP has also been prepared in line with the standard. 14 Environmental Main requirements and conducted activities to meet them & Social Standards ESS 2 – Labour ESS2 recognizes the importance of employment creation and income generation in and Working the pursuit of poverty reduction and inclusive economic growth. Borrowers can Conditions promote sound worker-management relationships and enhance the development benefits of a project by treating workers in the project fairly and providing safe and Health working conditions. ESS2 applies to project workers, including fulltime, part- time, temporary, seasonal, and migrant workers. The project has a Labour Management Plan that guides implementation of its activities and this will apply to this sub-project. This ESMP has also identified impacts related to labour and working conditions and their mitigation measures are also provided. ESS 3 – ESS3 Promote the sustainable use of resources, including energy, water, and raw Recourse and materials. Avoid or minimise adverse impacts on human health and the environment Efficiency, caused by pollution from project activities. Avoid or minimise project-related Pollution emissions of short and long-lived climate pollutants. Avoid or minimise generation Prevention and of hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Minimise and manage the risks and impacts Management associated with pesticide use. Requires technically and financially feasible measures to improve efficient consumption of energy, water, and raw materials, and introduces specific requirements for water efficiency where a project has high water demand. The MCERHSP project has prepared a Construction Manual for construction workers that will guide them in environmentally friendly construction material but also promote efficient energy and water usage and management during construction. ESS 4 – ESS4 addresses the health, safety, and security risks and impacts on project-affected Community communities and the corresponding responsibility of Borrowers to avoid or minimize Health and such risks and impacts, with particular attention to people who, because of their Safety circumstances, may be vulnerable. The construction works under the MCERHSP project will take place in Hospitals where there will be patients that need special protection from possible accidents. The project has ensured that the ESMP documents has provided mitigation measures to ensure community safety. ESS 10 – This ESS recognizes the importance of open and transparent engagement between Stakeholder the borrower and project stakeholders as an essential element of good international Engagement practice. Effective stakeholder engagement can improve the environmental and social and Information sustainability of projects, enhance project acceptance, and make a significant Disclosure contribution to successful project design and implementation. The MCERHSP project has been engaging with stakeholders and will continue to do so throughout the project life cycle. This ESMP also has a Grievance Redress Mechanism that is to be used at each project site and this GRM is in line with provisions of the projects Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). 15 Chapter Four: Environmental and Socio-Setting This chapter provides an overview of the project's existing environment related to the proposed areas' physical, biological, socio-economic, and structural aspects. It also provides basic baseline information in the project area. The information provides a basis for the changes which might come due to the implementation of the project or future environmental changes which are likely going to occur. It also forms a part of baseline information within the project area that might be used for future planning. 4.1 Physical environment 4.1.1 Topography and Geology The topography of the primary health care unit has significant elevation variations, with a maximum change of 1,237 feet and an average elevation of 4,525 feet above sea level. Several mica pegmatites are found in the project area, and most are deformed, negatively affecting the mica. Tourmaline is also common in these pegmatites. 4.1.2 Soils The primary health care unit site has eutric-fer soils that are very deep, well-drained, and brown, with coarse to medium texture over fine texture and moderate chemical fertility. Additionally, the area was observed to contain greyic soils that are very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained, and grey, with variable texture and low chemical fertility. 4.1.3 Climatic conditions 4.1.3.1 Temperature The project site's climate is warm year-round. The wet season is humid and overcast, while the dry season is windy and mostly clear. Temperatures range from 46°F to 88°F. The warm season, from September 26 to November 29, has daily highs above 81°F, with November being the hottest month (83°F high, 66°F low). The cool season, from June 2 to August 9, has daily highs below 74°F, with July being the coldest month (72°F high, 51°F low). 4.1.3.2 Rainfall The rainfall pattern in Mponera is about 116.39 millimetres (4.58 inches) annually, with 141.39 rainy days representing 38.78% of the year. The rainfall pattern in Mponera is characterised by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, which is humid and overcast, generally occurs from November to April, contributing most of the annual rainfall. During this period, heavy rains and frequent thunderstorms are common. The dry season is mostly clear and windy from May to October, with minimal rainfall. 16 Figure 4-1:Average mean monthly temperature and rainfall in Dowa district. 4.1.4 Land use The proposed project's primary land use is a hospital facility comprising hospital buildings, emergency services areas, parking lots, support services areas, educational and research facilities, accessibility features, and security infrastructure. These elements are strategically planned to ensure efficient patient care, safety, and sustainability. 4.2 Facility Management and Health Safety Protocols 4.2.1 Water Supply Despite frequent shortages, the Central Region Water Board supplies water to the facility, particularly during the dry season. To address this challenge, the facility installed a borehole on- site and underwent thorough testing and treatment to eliminate E. coli contamination. This ensures a safe and reliable water source for the facility. 4.2.2 Sanitation Facilities The facility lacks sufficient toilets; many are unusable due to blockages, resulting in fewer functioning toilets on the premises. Despite this, the toilets are kept clean throughout the day. Staff toilets are available and well-maintained, and toilets for patients and staff are segregated based on gender. 4.2.3 Hygiene Practices Mponera Health Centre is equipped with handwashing stations in each ward and office. However, the main challenge with these stations is the lack of hand soap and sanitiser. Despite this challenge, handwashing is promoted throughout the facility. Management conducts ongoing training sessions to enhance awareness about hygiene practices across the premises. The facility also has an Environmental Health Officer available and a functional Infection Prevention Committee that implements programs related to daily hygiene. 17 4.2.4 Infections Prevention and Control The facility utilizes chlorine-soapy water for cleaning and decontamination throughout its wards and other hospital areas. The wards undergo cleaning procedures twice daily, during both day and night shifts, maintaining a high standard of cleanliness and hygiene. These cleaning activities are documented, and records are kept at the nurse’s station. Additionally, the surrounding areas of the facility are cleaned daily. Ongoing training on hygiene practices is conducted at the facility, and policies on infection prevention and control are established. Workers are equipped with protective gear during their tasks to prevent diseases and accidents. 4.2.5 Waste Management Waste generated from primary health care facilities is usually paper and food waste, which is segregated and disposed of in a rubbish pit and incinerator. Waste from various departments and wards is collected and disposed of accordingly. Infectious and non-infectious waste undergo proper disposal by incineration. Regarding water waste management, it is directed into the soakaways around the facility, ensuring proper disposal, as shown in Figure 4-2. Rubbish pit for food waste Incinerator at Mponera health centre Figure 4-2: Waste management facilities 4.2.6 Health Facility Capacity Mponera Health Centre is a cornerstone in delivering primary and secondary healthcare services to the community. The hospital boasts essential infrastructure, including wards for inpatient care, outpatient departments, laboratory facilities, and pharmacy services; Mponera Health Centre also provides outpatient consultations, inpatient care, maternal and child health services, emergency care, laboratory services, pharmacy services, HIV and AIDS management, and immunisation programs. 18 4.2.7 Health Status and HIV &AIDS Prevalence at the Facility The common diseases treated at the facility include malaria, respiratory tract infections (RTI) and diarrhoea. Results from the facility for the past 6 months show that in the month of November 1153 reported suffering from RTI,516 from malaria and 459 visited the health facility suffering Diarrhoea. In December 1011 suffered from RTI,9950 malaria and 350 from diarrhoea. In January, being a rainy season, 3251 suffered from malaria due to the stagnation of water, creating a breeding ground for mosquitos,1058 suffered from RTI and 288 from diarrhoea. During the month of February 2605 reported suffering from malaria,1290 suffering from RTI, and 613 diarrhoeas In March 1897, suffered from malaria,1852 RTI and 288 from diarrhoea and lastly, in the month of April, cases of RTI,1234 malaria and 156 diarrhoeas. According to BMC Public Health, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Dowa is 3.5%. During key informant interviews with health personnel at Mponera Health Center, it was reported that the number of HIV cases recorded at the facility has varied over the past six months, as shown in Figure 4-3. The highest number of new cases was registered in November with 9 cases, followed by December and January with 7 cases each, February with 2 cases, March with 6 cases, and April with 5 cases. Figure 4-3: Common Diseases treated at Mponera Health Center. Source: Key informant interviews with Statistical Officer from the facility 19 Figure 4-4: Number of newly identified HIV and AIDS-positive cases. 4.2.8 Communication and Transport Systems Telekom Networks Malawi Limited (TNM) and Airtel are the main providers of mobile phone services in the project area. Hence, cellular networks are widespread (Social Economic Profiles: 2017-2022). During the site visit and interviews with local people, it was established that the network connectivity for both providers is excellent and easy transportation as it is 195 meters from the M1 road. 4.2.9 Security The nearest police station serving the project area is Mponera Police Station. The main potential safety and security issues that the area might face are common assault, petty theft, and gender- based violence. Liaising with community policing available in various villages is necessary, as they play a vital role in combating crime in the area. 20 Chapter Five: Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts This chapter outlines the anticipated beneficial and adverse impacts, direct and indirect, on each environmental feature at the project site. 5.1 Impact identification Identifying impacts involves considering positive and negative effects resulting from the interaction between project-related activities and valued environmental components (VECs). These VECs encompass physical, biological, social, economic, or cultural aspects. The potential environmental impacts identified are based on the interactions between project activities and selected VECs. The selection of VECs was informed by the existing project environment (environmental baseline conditions), stakeholder consultations, and the consultant’s professional judgment. The potential interactions between the project-related activities and the selected VECs for each project implementation phase are illustrated in Table 5-1. Table 5-1: Potential Interactions of the Project with VECs. Project Phase Activity Mobilisation Construction Demobilisation Operation Foundation Demolition Super Fit-Out Excavation Structure Activity Code P1 P2 P3 P4 Valued Environmental Component Air Quality - x x x - - - Noise & Vibration - x x x x x - Water Resources - - - - - - - Aquatic Ecosystem - - - - - - - Wetlands - - - - - - - Terrestrial Biodiversity - x - - - - - Public Health & Safety - x x x x x Labour & Economic - x x x x x Conditions Service Infrastructure & - - x x - - - Utilities Transportation & Access - - - - - - - Land Use & Resources - - - - - - - Soil and Land Capability - x - - - - - Visual Impact - x x x x - - Waste Management - x x x x x x Social Dynamics and x - - - - - - Community Well-being Hazardous Materials and - - - - x - Contamination Risks Key No Substantial - Interaction Possible Interaction x 21 5.2 Significance Ranking of the Impacts The primary goal of implementing this methodology was to identify potential environmental issues and associated impacts from the proposed project and assign them a significance ranking. Issues or aspects were reviewed and evaluated against a series of significance criteria to identify and document interactions between activities and aspects, as well as resources and receptors, providing a detailed discussion of impacts. The significance of environmental aspects is determined and ranked by considering criteria presented in Table 5-2. Table 5-2: Significance Ranking Criteria CRITERIA SCORE 1 SCORE 2 SCORE 3 SCORE 4 SCORE 5 Impact Magnitude (M) Very low: Low: Medium: High: Very High: The degree of alteration of the No impact on Slight impact Processes Processes Permanent affected environmental receptor processes on processes continue but temporarily cessation of in a modified cease processes way Impact Extent (E) The geographical Site: Site Local: Inside Regional: National: International: extent of the impact on a given only activity area Outside National Across borders or environmental receptor activity area scope or level boundaries Impact Reversibility (R) The Reversible: Recoverable: Irreversible: Not ability of the environmental receptor Recovery Recovery possible despite to rehabilitate or restore after the without with action activity has caused environmental rehabilitation rehabilitation change Impact Duration (D) The length of Immediate: Short term: Medium Long term: Permanent: permanence of the impact on the On impact 0-5 years term: 5-15 Project life Indefinite environmental receptor years Probability of Occurrence (P) The Improbable Low Probable Highly Definite likelihood of an impact occurring in Probability Probability the absence of pertinent environmental management measures or mitigation Significance (S) is determined by [ = ( + + + ) × ] combining the above criteria in the = ( + + + ) following formula: × IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE RATING Total Score 4 to 15 16 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 80 81 to 100 Environmental Significance Very low Low Moderate High Very High Rating (Negative (-)) Environmental Significance Very low Low Moderate High Very High Rating (Positive (+)) 22 5.3 Impact Significance Rating for the Identified Impacts Annex 3 presents the assessed potential environmental and social impacts and their significance rankings. The significance of impacts without mitigation measures is evaluated with the design controls already in place. Residual impact refers to the remaining level of impact after applying mitigation and management measures, representing the final impact level associated with the development. Residual impacts are the primary focus of management and monitoring activities during project implementation to ensure that actual impacts align with the predictions in this report. 5.4 Description of Identified Impacts This section outlines the project's construction phase's potential positive and negative environmental and social impacts. The construction phase is divided into specific activities to track their impacts: mobilisation, demolition, super-structure, finishing, and demobilisation. The impacts are organised according to the stages of the project life cycle, specifically construction and operation. 5.4.1 Anticipated Positive Impacts 5.4.1.1 Enhanced Training Capabilities The rehabilitation of the Mponera Primary Health Centre Unit is critical to enhancing the training capabilities of Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs), who are vital to Malawi's healthcare system. By upgrading the dilapidated school structure, we ensure a better learning environment for HSAs, enabling them to acquire the necessary skills to serve as effective intermediaries between communities and the health sector. This improvement will lead to more efficient and effective delivery of various health services, such as health education, disease surveillance, immunisation, sanitation assessments, HIV care, family planning, and malaria prevention. 5.4.1.2 Creation of Job Opportunities During construction, the contractor will employ construction staff and prepare relevant environmental and social safeguard documents. The impact is short-term as it will last less than 180 days but will involve at least twenty people. Hence, the impact is of low significance. 5.4.1.3 Improved Project Compliance with Environmental and Social Legislations During the mobilisation phase, the project will prepare related environmental and social instruments used throughout the project’s lifespan. These documents could include a Contractors- ESMP and other related documents. The impact is expected to be high as they will be used throughout the project. 5.4.2 Anticipated Negative Impacts 23 5.4.2.1 Increased risk of construction-related accidents for learners and staff Construction vehicles and increased traffic flow can pose a significant risk of accidents for learners, patients, and staff, especially with the proximity of Mponera Primary School and the health centre's waiting area. Moving heavy machinery and equipment near the project site increases the likelihood of accidents, such as collisions with pedestrians or other vehicles. This is particularly concerning for children who may be unaware of the dangers. Construction activities can lead to debris on the roads, increasing the risk of slip-and-fall accidents. 5.4.2.2 Temporary Air Quality Deterioration Dust and particulate matter emissions are anticipated to have short-term impacts on construction activities during demolition and construction. Demolition involves breaking down structures made of concrete, bricks, wood, and other materials. The mechanical actions of cutting, grinding, and crushing generate a significant amount of dust. Using cement and aggregates while constructing the new laboratory facilities will increase dust levels. Additionally, vehicles, electricity generators, and other machinery likely to be used during construction emit gases and particulate matter, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other hydrocarbons. Despite these emissions, it is considered unlikely that ambient air quality standards will be exceeded. 5.4.2.3 Elevated Noise Levels from Machinery and Construction Activities Construction machinery and equipment will generate noise that may impair the hearing of workers as well as the hospital community. Maximum noises generated can be audible over long distances but are generally of short duration. If maximum noise levels exceed 65 dBA at a receptor, or if it is clearly audible with a significant number of instances where the noise level exceeds the prevailing ambient sound level with more than 15 dBA, the noise can increase annoyance levels and may ultimately result in noise complaints. 5.4.2.4 Potential for Accidents and Injuries On-site Affecting Workers Workers involved in construction work will be exposed to various occupational risks. The project activities will bring about hazards such as the use of large machinery and equipment, working in proximity to water, working at height, using electrical tools, trips and falls, and using hazardous and flammable chemicals, just to mention a few. 5.4.2.5 Infectious Disease Impact (spread of STIs, HIV and AIDS, and COVID-19) Interactions between workers and the communities and even amongst themselves can increase the likelihood of spreading STIs, HIV and AIDS, and COVID-19. Therefore, the project needs to implement measures to control the spread of disease in the workplace. The Ministry of Health declared a cholera outbreak in Malawi on March 3, 2022, following laboratory confirmation of a case in the country. Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by ingesting the bacteria Vibrio cholera present in contaminated water or food. It is mainly linked to insufficient access to safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation. It is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe 24 acute watery diarrhoea, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and can spread rapidly, depending on the frequency of exposure, the exposed population, and the setting. 5.4.2.6 Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Impact The construction site has the potential to create environments where gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) may occur. These impacts can affect workers and the surrounding community, including hospital staff, patients, and residents. The presence of construction workers, often from different areas and backgrounds, can increase the vulnerability of local women and girls to GBV and SEA. In addition, female workers on the construction site may face sexual harassment, discrimination, or exploitation from their colleagues or supervisors. A hostile work environment can lead to mental health issues, reduced job satisfaction, and decreased productivity among female workers. 5.4.2.7 Generation of Solid Wastes, Spills, and Effluent Various construction activities are expected to generate many types and varying quantities of wastes that will include construction rubble, spoil from land clearing, packaging materials, vehicles and machine maintenance wastes, remains from form works, general mixed wastes (glass, wooden pallets, plastic, paper, metal scraps and cut-offs, fillings, food items, etc.), material residues, hazardous wastes (used oils, discarded fuels and paints, termite proofing material residues, discarded thinners and cleaning agents, etc.), and others. Spillages of chemicals, oils, paints, thinners, fuel, and other hazardous fluids, pastes or powders together with affected soils or surfaces should be regarded as hazardous waste. Effluents may include concrete spills, kitchen and bath wastewater, and cleaning wastewater. 5.4.2.8 Land degradation resulting from sand mining. The construction works will require sand for concrete works, likely sourced from rivers within the district. Sand extraction can potentially impact the aquatic habitat, water quality, river dynamics, key aquatic species, and food availability. 5.4.2.9 Water and Soil Pollution The demolition plan includes the removal of several internal walls and partitions to reconfigure and optimise the existing space, which can lead to water and soil pollution. The construction activities can result in runoff carrying construction debris, dust, and potentially hazardous substances such as oils, fuels, and chemicals used in the process. Contaminated water and soil can affect the water bodies and land, posing risks to aquatic life, plant growth, and human health, potentially entering the food chain and impacting local agriculture. 25 Chapter Six: Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been developed to assist in mitigating and managing environmental impacts associated with the construction works. It is noteworthy that key factors and processes may change during the construction works, and considerable provisions have been made for the dynamism and flexibility of the ESMP. As such, the ESMP will be subject to a regular periodic review regime during project implementation. Error! Reference source not found. forms the core of this ESMP for the construction phase of the proposed project respectively. In general, the table outlines the potential environmental and social risks associated with the project and details all the necessary mitigation measures, their financial costs, as well as the institutions responsible for their implementation. 6.2 Implementation of ESMP The ESMP shall be implemented to address all activities that have been identified to have potentially significant impacts on the environment during normal operations and upset conditions. The implementation of the project environment and social component will be overseen by different institutional arrangements. The players include the following: 6.2.1 Ministry of Health The Ministry of Health (MoH) has established a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to oversee the coordination of all matters pertaining to the implementation of the project. The PIU has recruited an environmental and social expert to monitor environmental compliance and the social dimensions of the project. The PIU will be responsible for overseeing the monitoring activities conducted by the Construction Supervision Consultant. The main activities of the PIU regarding environmental and social safeguards are: i. Planning and implementation of ESMP. ii. Ensuring that the social and environmental protection and mitigation measures in the ESMP are incorporated in the site-specific Environmental and Social Action Plans. iii. Supervise and monitor the progress of contractors' activities. iv. Provide guidance to construction teams in conducting subsequent monitoring and reporting and in undertaking corrective options. v. Responsible for modifications to the ESMP when unforeseen changes are observed during implementation. vi. Ensure submission of periodical environmental and social management and monitoring reports to the World Bank. vii. Promote improved social and environmental performance through the effective use of management systems. 26 viii. External communications with other implementing partners, government ministries and agencies, and non-government organisations on the matters of mutual interest related to environmental management under the project development. 6.2.2 Supervision Consultant Monitoring activities will be the responsibility of the supervisor, with the Consulting Engineer being the leader. Among other staff, the Consulting Engineer will have a qualified Environmental and Social Expert. Among the immediate and follow-up tasks of the Environmentalist and Social Experts at the Resident Engineers office will include; i. Development of a monitoring tool or checklist based on the ESMP and guided by the project physical layout. ii. Develop a monitoring program for the works targeting specific project working sites, material sites, sensitive environment and social areas, etc. iii. Prepare monthly site meetings to involve the Contractor, Client and Stakeholders. iv. Monthly reports in addition to continuous communications to the Contractor, Client, Authorities and Stakeholders as situations require. v. The Consulting Engineer will convene monthly meetings for progress reporting by the Contractor and the supervision team. 6.2.3 The Contractor The Contractor is expected to integrate environmental and social focus during project Management. To ensure effective implementation of the project impacts mitigation measures, therefore, the contractor will mobilise in-house Environment and Social Expert with the following responsibilities; i. Evaluate and review the ESMP developed from the main ESIA process and internalise the provisions for implementation based on the realities of the project. ii. Customise the project ESMP and generate a Construction Environmental and Social Management Plan as a tool to guide the implementation and monitoring of indicators. File a copy with the Resident Engineer. iii. Procure necessary equipment for environment measurements or engage some appropriate expert personnel for the activity in specific environment quality aspects including air quality, noise, water, and soil quality, iv. Monthly reporting throughout the project period. 27 Table 6-1: Environmental and Social Management Plan Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) P3M1 Enhanced i. Conduct regular training Start: Beginning MK750,000 Number of Monthly PHCU In-charge MoH Diagnostic programs for medical of equipment staff trained Capabilities staff installation; End: 1 month after installation ii. Organize health Start: 1 month MK250,000 Number of Monthly PHCU In-charge MoH awareness campaigns for after equipment campaigns the community installation; End: conducted; 3 months after community installation awareness level iii. Conduct regular servicing Start: Post- MK200000 Equipment Quarterly PHCU In-charge MoH and maintenance of the installation; End: / year uptime; laboratory equipment Ongoing, number of quarterly maintenance checks P1M1 Creation of i. Inform local communities Before MK100,000 Number of Once before Contractor District Labour Job of employment construction local workers construction Office (DLO); Opportunities opportunities and phase starts employed starts PIU E&S prioritize their Expert employment. ii. Treat employees in Ongoing during MK0 Compliance Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S compliance with Malawi construction with Labour Expert Labour Regulations and phase regulations Labour and working conditions as per the project's Labour Management Plan. 28 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) iii. Pay the same rates for Ongoing during MK0 Pay equity Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S workers working on construction records Expert similar tasks regardless of phase gender and origin. iv. Have workers sign a code Before MK0 Number of Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S of conduct. employment signed codes employmen Expert starts of conduct t starts v. Sensitize workers to a full During induction MK50,000 Number of Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S range of risks related to and ongoing sensitization Expert occupational health and sessions; safety, Labour rights, worker public health, community awareness safety, sexual harassment, levels and GBV. vi. Ensure that 30% of the Ongoing during MK0 Workforce Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S workforce are women. construction gender ratio Expert phase P1M2 Improved i. Solicit views of the public Before MK75,000 Number of Once before Project Environment project and stakeholders through construction consultations construction Management District Officer compliance to consultations to ensure phase starts held; starts Team (EDO); PIU environmenta that their concerns are stakeholder E&S Expert l and social considered in the project feedback legislations documents. incorporated ii. Undertake community Before MK50,000 Number of Once before Project EDO; PIU E&S liaison meetings to notify construction liaison construction Management Expert the community of the phase starts meetings; starts Team commencement date, community inform them of the awareness grievance mechanism, level and Labour policy. 29 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) iii. Obtain relevant approvals Before MK2,000,0 Number of Once before Project EDO; PIU E&S and certificates from construction 00 approvals and construction Management Expert authorities, including the phase starts certificates starts Team Malawi Environment obtained Protection Authority and Lilongwe City Council. P2M4 Traffic i. Install temporary traffic Before MK750,000 Traffic signals Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S Congestion signals and directional construction and signs construction Expert and Accidents signage to guide drivers starts installed starts and pedestrians. ii. Employ flaggers and During MK200,000 Flaggers and Monthly Contractor DLO; PIU E&S traffic wardens to direct construction /month wardens Expert traffic during critical phases deployed periods of construction. during peak times iii. Ensure safe pedestrian Before MK250,000 Crossings and Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S movement by installing construction signage construction Expert well-marked crossings starts installed starts and signage near the site. iv. Schedule delivery of Throughout MK0 Reduced Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S materials and heavy construction (Operationa traffic Expert equipment movement l cost) disruption during off-peak hours. during peak hours v. Erect safety barriers Before MK1,000,0 Safety barriers Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S around the construction construction 00 installed construction Expert site to prevent starts starts unauthorized access. vi. Hire transporters with Throughout MK200,000 Transporters Monthly Contractor DLO; PIU E&S valid CoF and construction /month comply with Expert 30 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) appropriately licensed CoF and drivers. licensing vii. Ensure construction Throughout MK150,000 Speed limit Monthly Contractor DLO; PIU E&S vehicles observe a 20 construction signs installed Expert km/hr speed limit on the and observed hospital campus. P2M1 Temporary i. Plan demolition to Before MK0 Reduced dust Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S Air Quality minimize dust, avoid demolition start (Operationa levels during demolition Expert Deterioration windy periods l cost) demolition starts ii. Use hand-held sprayers to Throughout MK300,000 Visible Daily Contractor EDO; PIU E&S apply water mist during demolition reduction in Expert demolition dust generation iii. Wet down entire Throughout MK0 Regular Daily Contractor EDO; PIU E&S demolition area demolition (Operationa wetting Expert periodically l cost) schedule maintained iv. Transport particulate During material MK150,000 Properly Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S materials with adequate transport covered loads Expert load cover observed v. Unload powdery During material MK150,000 Minimal dust Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S materials using drop- unloading observed Expert height regulation during equipment unloading vi. Regular maintenance of Throughout MK150,000 Emission Monthly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S vehicles, avoid old construction levels within Expert vehicles emitting black acceptable smoke limits 31 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) P2M2 Elevated i. Limit noisy construction Ongoing during MK0 Compliance Daily Contractor EDO; PIU E&S noise levels activities only to daytime construction (Operationa with work Expert from hours. phase l cost) hours; noise machinery level readings and ii. Notify hospital As needed during MK0 Number of As needed Contractor EDO; PIU E&S construction management at least construction (Operationa notifications Expert activities twenty-four hours in phase l cost) sent; advance if particularly community noisy activities are feedback anticipated. iii. Ensure that noise levels at Ongoing during MK100,000 Noise level Weekly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S the hospital do not exceed construction readings; Expert 55 dB (A) and keep noise phase compliance levels for workers below with standards 80 dB (A). iv. Place stationary noise During MK100,000 Placement Once during Contractor EDO; PIU E&S sources (e.g., the equipment setup compliance; setup Expert generator) away from noise level sensitive receptors such as readings wards and staff houses. P2M3 Potential for i. Erect safety barriers Before MK150,000 Number of Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S accidents and around the construction construction barriers construction Expert injuries on- site to prevent begins erected; starts and site affecting unauthorized access. incidence of ongoing nearby unauthorized communities access ii. Schedule construction During MK0 Delivery Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S deliveries and heavy construction schedule Expert machinery movement phase compliance; 32 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) during off-peak hours to community minimize disruption. feedback iii. Coordinate with hospital Before MK0 Number of Once before Contractor DLO; PIU E&S administration to ensure construction coordination construction Expert that alternative routes and begins meetings; starts and access points are available availability of ongoing during construction. alternative routes iv. Hire transporters whose During MK0 Number of Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S vehicles have valid construction compliant Expert Certificate of Fitness phase vehicles and (CoF) and drivers with the drivers appropriate driving licence category. v. Construction vehicles to During MK50,000 Compliance Ongoing Contractor DLO; PIU E&S observe a 20 km/hr speed construction with speed Expert limit on the hospital phase limits; number campus. Put in place of signposts signposts indicating the speed limits on the construction site. P2M5 Infectious i. Carry out monthly health Ongoing; MK150,000 Number of Monthly Contractor District Disease education for construction monthly health Environment Impact workers in liaison with education Health Office (spread of health personnel using the sessions; (DEHO); PIU STIs, HIV and toolbox talks. worker E&S Expert AIDS, and participation Covid-19) ii. Free condoms are to be Ongoing MK100,000 Availability Monthly Contractor DEHO; PIU made available to all and usage of E&S Expert (100%) workers by condoms 33 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) placing them in the workers’ toilets to ensure access and confidentiality. iii. Sensitize construction Ongoing MK50,000 Number of Monthly Contractor DEHO; PIU workers on Covid-19 sensitization E&S Expert prevention including hand sessions; washing with soap, use of worker hand sanitizers, proper compliance use of face masks, and workspace disinfection among others. iv. Distribute information, Ongoing MK250,000 Number of Monthly Contractor DEHO; PIU education, and IEC materials E&S Expert communication (IEC) distributed; materials on Covid-19, worker HIV and AIDS awareness prevention, and cholera. v. Provide necessary PPE Ongoing MK150,000 Availability Monthly Contractor DEHO; PIU and other materials (e.g. and usage of E&S Expert cloth masks, hand PPE; sanitizers, hand-washing compliance facilities) to help prevent with health construction workers protocols from contracting and spreading Covid-19 at the workplace. P2M6 GBV and i. Develop an induction Before MK50,000 Existence of Once before Contractor District Social SEA Impact program including a code construction induction work starts Welfare Office of conduct for all workers phase starts program; (DSWO); PIU which they will be number of E&S Expert 34 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) required to sign prior to signed codes starting their work. of conduct ii. Ensure a copy of the code Before MK50,000 Number of Once before Contractor DSWO; PIU of conduct is presented to construction signed codes work starts E&S Expert all construction workers phase starts of conduct and signed by each of them. iii. Implement a GBV During MK250,000 Existence and Ongoing Contractor DSWO; PIU management plan as construction implementatio E&S Expert presented in Annex 5. phase n of GBV management plan iv. Provide clear, trusted, and Ongoing during MK150,000 Number of Monthly Contractor DSWO; PIU responsive channels for construction reported E&S Expert filing GBV/SEA/SH phase cases; cases to the police or other resolution relevant government time authorities. v. Ensure the availability of Ongoing during MK50,000 Existence and Monthly Contractor DSWO; PIU an effective Grievance construction accessibility E&S Expert Redress Mechanism phase of GRM; (GRM). number of grievances addressed P2M8 Generation of i. Provide adequate on-site Before MK250,000 Number and Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S solid wastes, waste receptors such as construction type of waste construction Expert spills, and colour-coded bins or skips phase starts receptors; starts and effluent for temporary waste compliance ongoing storage. Use of rubbish with waste 35 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) pits should be management discouraged. protocols ii. Arrange with the District Before MK50,000 Number of Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S Council to identify a construction waste disposal construction Expert suitable site or sites (new phase starts sites starts and or existing) for waste identified; ongoing disposal at different compliance project sites if possible with disposal within 5 km radius. protocols iii. Obtain permits to handle, Before MK50,000 Number of Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S store, transport, and construction permits construction Expert dispose of hazardous phase starts obtained; starts and waste from the compliance ongoing Environmental Authority with in advance of hazardous construction. waste regulations iv. Segregate and clearly During MK100,000 Segregation Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S label hazardous waste and construction and labeling Expert store in suitable drums or phase compliance; containers in secure condition of facilities that have a storage banded impermeable facilities layer. v. Promote good Ongoing MK50,000 Cleanliness Monthly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S housekeeping and and Expert sanitation practices at organization each site. of the site; worker compliance 36 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) vi. Provide spill-control kits During MK100,000 Availability Monthly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S and materials (e.g. oil construction and usage of Expert binding agents, sand, phase spill-control shovels, etc.) to drivers kits; number and workers, to clean up of spill spills, if necessary. incidents P2M9 Land i. Obtain necessary sand Before sand MK250,000 Number of Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S degradation mining permission from mining begins permissions sand mining Expert resulting from the local council through obtained starts sand mining the Environment District Office. ii. Sand will not be extracted During sand MK250,000 Compliance Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S from the riverbed in long mining activities with Expert continuous stretches; extraction alternate patches of pattern; riverbed will be left condition of undisturbed to minimise aquatic the potentially negative habitat impacts on the aquatic habitat. iii. Do not collect large During sand MK250,000 Number of Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S quantities of sand from mining activities locations; Expert any single location, which condition of could result in a riverbed depression in an unsafe riverbed or land condition. iv. Not excavate deeper than During sand MK250,000 Depth of Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S two meters at any single mining activities excavation at Expert location. each location 37 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) v. Maintain a record of all Ongoing MK250,000 Detailed Monthly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S sand extraction records of Expert (quantities, locations, sand timing, etc.). extraction P2M10 Water and i. Engineer an effective Start: Pre- MK1,000,0 Effective Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S Soil Pollution drainage system to demolition; End: 00 runoff and during Expert manage stormwater During management demolition runoff from the demolition construction site by ensuring that the system directs runoff to designated collection areas where it can be treated or safely discharged. ii. Establish designated areas Start: Pre- MK150,000 No incidents Once before Contractor EDO; PIU E&S for storing demolition demolition; End: of storm drain and during Expert debris and construction Throughout contamination construction materials away from construction storm drains. iii. Use approved disposal Start: During MK300,000 Compliance Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S methods and sites, and demolition; End: with waste Expert avoid illegal dumping of Post-construction disposal construction waste, regulations including hazardous materials. iv. Use containment systems Start: Pre- MK250,000 Zero incidents Ongoing Contractor EDO; PIU E&S such as spill containment demolition; End: of hazardous Expert pallets, bunded areas, and Throughout spills drip trays to store construction 38 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) hazardous substances like oils, fuels, and chemicals. This will prevent leaks and spills from contaminating soil and water. v. Ensure that spill kits are Start: Pre- MK50,000 Availability Monthly Contractor EDO; PIU E&S readily available on-site. demolition; End: and Expert These kits should include Throughout accessibility absorbent materials, construction of spill kits gloves, protective clothing, and disposal bags. vi. In case of a spillage Start: During MK150,000 Number of As needed Contractor EDO; PIU E&S incident, quickly identify demolition; End: successfully Expert the type and source of the Throughout contained spill (e.g., oil, fuel, construction spills chemicals). If it is safe to do so, stop the source of the spill to prevent further leakage. vii. To contain the spill, use Start: During MK150,000 Number of As needed Contractor EDO; PIU E&S absorbent materials from demolition; End: spills Expert the spill kit to create a Throughout effectively barrier around the spill to construction contained prevent it from spreading. Immediately block any nearby drains or waterways to prevent contamination. 39 Impact Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implement Performance Monitoring Implementation Monitoring Code Period Cost Indicator Frequency Responsibility Responsibility (MWK) viii. To clean up, use absorbent Start: During MK150,000 Proper As needed Contractor EDO; PIU E&S pads or other materials to demolition; End: disposal of Expert soak up the spilt Throughout used substance. Gather the construction absorbent used absorbent materials materials and place them in the provided disposal bags. Seal the bags and store them in a designated area for proper disposal according to MEPA guidance. 40 Annex 1: Location Maps A1.1 Topography of the proposed project area 41 A1.2 Spatial location map of the proposed project site. 42 A1.3 Proposed project site and other existing facilities. 43 Annex 2: Proposed layout plans A2.1: Site Layout Plan 44 A2.2 Library and Classrooms Block Layout 45 A2.3 Kitchen, Dining and Female Students Hostel Block layout Plan 46 A2.4 Administration Offices and Male Student Hostel Block Layout Plan 47 Annex 3: Stakeholder Consultations A3.1 Stakeholder Consultation Checklist for the ESMP 1. What type of environmental and social positive impacts will result from this proposed project and how will these impacts be enhanced (State positive impacts for each phase of construction and operation)? 2. What type of environmental and social negative impacts should be expected during the construction of the proposed project and what are the proposed mitigation measures? 3. What type of environmental and social negative impacts should be expected during the operation and maintenance phase of the proposed project and what are the proposed mitigation measures? 4. Who else should be consulted regarding the environmental and social impacts of the proposed project? A3.2 Stakeholder Consultations Stakeholder participation involved engaging institutions within the project impact area and selected public institutions who expressed their views about the proposed projects. The stakeholder participation process tried to ensure that due consideration will be given to stakeholder values, concerns, and preferences when decisions regarding the project are made. The purpose of stakeholder involvement was to: • Inform the stakeholders about the proposal and its likely effects. • Canvass their inputs, views, and concerns; and • Take account of the information and views of the public in the EIA and decision making. The key objectives of stakeholder involvement were to: • Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade-offs (if any). • Ensure that important impacts are not overlooked, and benefits are maximized. • Reduce chances of conflict through early identification of contentious issues. • Provide an opportunity for the stakeholders to influence project design in a positive manner (thereby creating a sense of ownership of the proposal). • Improve transparency and accountability of decision-making; and • Increase public confidence in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process. Stakeholder participation in this project was facilitated through interviews and guided by a checklist of questions presented in the following sections. A3.3 Stakeholders Comments The comments stakeholders raised were collated and analysed to see which issues are of concern and should be addressed through the ESMP, and they are presented in the Box below. The following subsections list these stakeholders and the comments they raised, referencing the impact assessment section and the proposed mitigation measures to elaborate how they contributed to the 48 formulation of this report's ESMP. This was done because public concern is fundamental to the delineation and management of the project’s significant risks. Key issues raised during the consultations. NAME ISSUES RAISED SUGGESTED MEASURES Yusuf Laki- Job Opportunities. The project will Prioritize hiring from the local community. Environmental provide job opportunities for unskilled Officer Dowa DC Labourers, which can positively impact the local economy. Accumulation of Waste. The strict waste management protocols, such as demolishing of infrastructures and the proper segregation, recycling, and disposal presence of domestic waste can lead to facilities. environmental degradation. Community awareness programs can educate residents on responsible waste disposal practices. Cutting down trees for construction and Promote the use of alternative construction brickmaking contributes to habitat materials like cemented bricks sourced from destruction and loss of biodiversity. sustainable sources. Implement reforestation to restore the lost green cover Increased dust pollution and soil and Enforce dust suppression measures at the groundwater contamination pose risks construction site, such as watering unpaved to both the environment and human roads and covering construction materials. health. Implement proper drainage systems to prevent soil erosion and groundwater pollution. The project's proximity to the market The Project should engage with community may disrupt local marriages. leaders and stakeholders to address concerns and establish guidelines for respectful behaviour around community events. The project's location near the trading Implement strict child Labour policies i.e. use centre increases the likelihood of child of Ids Labour and abuse. Especially among vulnerable populations like young girls. With increased vehicle movement, the The project should Implement safety protocols risk of accidents and injuries to workers such as speed limits, designated pedestrian and community members rises. zones, and safety training for workers to minimize the risk of accidents The potential conflict of land The contractor should establish effective ownership due to the expansion of the collaboration channels between the contractor facility raises concerns about and the ministry. community relations and legal implications Joseph Employment opportunities for the The contractor should prioritise people from Kachigamba- people in the community. the community for lower-level jobs. Labour Officer Workers will gain transferable skills People from the community employed on the Dowa DC. from other people working on the site should be willing to work and have an construction site. open mind to learn new things. Good access to modern and improved health care services for the community and the surrounding areas. 49 NAME ISSUES RAISED SUGGESTED MEASURES Increased promiscuity activities in the The community should be sensitized about the area amongst the migrant workers and coming in of the migrant workers and the ills people from the community that can come with the new people in the area. Spread of sexually transmitted diseases Abstinence and prevention should be encouraged at the workplace and the community. High drop- out rates for the girls The girl child should be encouraged to go to because of sexual relationships that can school and avoid sexual relationships with the develop with the migrant workers. migrant workers. Employment of underage workers. Child labour issues should be adhered to on the construction site during recruitment process, only people that are over 18 years should be employed. Lack of protective gear for the workers. Employer has an obligation of providing the employees with PPEs. Issues of low wages Employer should be conversant with the prevailing minimum wage rate. Felistus Rehabilitating the primary health care Ensuring that the facility is accessible to all Ngalande- Social (PHC) unit will significantly enhance community members, including those with Welfare Assistant the overall well-being and quality of disabilities. life in a community. Rehabilitating a primary health care The project should prioritize gender equality (PHC) unit can serve as a catalyst for by employing both women and men. creating job opportunities and Additionally, offering wages above the providing training for the community. government minimum wage reinforces fair This not only enhances the local compensation practices and contributes to the economy but also builds a skilled well-being of individuals residing in the workforce capable of sustaining and project area. improving health care services The Project would lead to an increase Dust control measures, such as the use of water in dust due to the use of heavy bowser to suppress dust, should be machinery and equipment. implemented during the construction and use of personal protective equipment e.g., dust masks and reducing the speed limit of vehicles. The Project could potentially result in Free condoms should be made available an escalation of HIV/AIDS and through public health centres and distributed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within the community, with the aim of within the project area. This projected promoting safe and responsible sexual increase is attributed to the assumption practices that a substantial number of individuals would engage in heightened sexual activities as a direct or indirect consequence of the project's presence. Increased risk of gender-based violence Service providers specialising in gender-based and sexual harassment as the project's violence (GBV) and the local police should implementation may create an collaborate to effectively address illicit environment where instances of behaviours and misconduct, promoting a safer gender-based violence and sexual environment and providing necessary support. harassment become more prevalent due to anticipated influx of workers, increased population density, and 50 NAME ISSUES RAISED SUGGESTED MEASURES changes in social dynamics within the project area. Increase in accidents happening during first aid kits should be available on the site and the rehabilitation of the primary health health and safety measures should be always care unit adhered to. Owen Chipewa- Increased enrolment for HSAs at the Nurse In-Charge facility Job opportunities for the locals. The community should assist the recruitment team when employing casual workers. New and modern equipment will be The rehabilitated facility should be taken care installed in the facility. of to prevent damage for the new equipment. Air pollution during construction Water should be always sprinkles to avoid the spread of coughs throughout the health centre. Loss of trees More trees should be planted after the construction works are done. Disturbances at the health centre during Proper routes should be identified for access construction phase before construction starts. A.3.4 Evidence of Consultations 51 Annex 4: Code of Conduct for Contractor The contractor will be required to prepare a code of conduct about child protection, which they shall follow when undertaking construction works. These rules shall form part of the assessment criteria when selecting the contractor. A satisfactory code of conduct will contain obligations on all project staff (including sub-contractors and day workers) that are suitable to address the following issues, as a minimum. Additional obligations may be added to respond to concerns of the region, the location, and the project sector or specific project requirements. The issues to be addressed include: 1. Compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations of the jurisdiction. 2. Protection of children (including prohibitions against abuse, defilement, or otherwise unacceptable behaviour with children, limiting interactions with children, and ensuring their safety in project areas). 3. Sexual harassment (for example, to prohibit the use of language or behaviour towards women or children that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate). 4. Violence or exploitation (for example, the prohibition of the exchange of money, employment, goods, or services for sex, including sexual favours or other forms of humiliating, degrading, or exploitative behaviour). 5. Compliance with applicable health and safety requirements (including wearing prescribed personal protective equipment, preventing avoidable accidents and a duty to report conditions or practices that pose a safety hazard or threaten the environment). 6. The use of illegal substances. 7. Non-discrimination (for example, based on family status, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, language, marital status, birth, age, disability, or political conviction). 8. Interact with community members (for example, convey an attitude of respect and non- discrimination). 9. Sanitation requirements (for example, to ensure workers use specified sanitary facilities provided by their employer and not open areas). 10. Avoid conflicts of interest (such that benefits, contracts, employment, or any preferential treatment or favours are not provided to anyone with a financial, family, or personal connection). 11. Respecting reasonable work instructions (including regarding environmental and social norms). 12. Protection and proper use of property (for example, to prohibit theft, carelessness or waste). 13. Duty to report violations of this Code; and 14. Non-retaliation against workers who report violations of the Code if that report is made in good faith. The Code of conduct should be written in local and plain language and signed by each worker to indicate that they have: 52 • Received a copy of the code. • Had the code explained to them. • Acknowledged that adherence to this Code of conduct is a condition of employment; and • Understood that violations of the Code can result in serious consequences, up to and including dismissal or referral to legal authorities. 53