Quality of Public Expenditure Heatmaps Version 1.2 Disclaimer: This dataset is highly dynamic and is very much a work-in-progress. The information current as of the date specified below. The dataset has been assembled by the auth that there may be errors or omissions. It is strongly advised that those utilizing this d and with awareness of its potential limitations. Description: The heatmap provides a comprehensive set of variables related to the quality of publ countries and over time. The indicators are grouped into three main Pillars: long-term and redistribution (in blue, green, and yellow colored sheets, respectively). Each Pilla conmponents. The indicators used for this dataset are retrieved from publicly availab others are calculated or estimated by the authors with details and refrences provided "metadata" sheet and User's Manual for the details. The color attached with the value the heatmaps is based on the judgement, with green meaning green as top performe performing in the distribution of countries. Methodology of aggregation The heatmap presents the raw data for numerous indicators, listed in the Metadata s three main pillars (LT Growth, Stabiliation, and Redistribution), with each pillar having subcomponents, and each subcomponent having multiple indicators. The aggregatio the subcomponet level, then the subcomponets are aggregated at the pillar level, and score is obtained from the three pillars. Each indicator is first percentile ranked, show Once the indicators are percentile ranked, the average of the percentile ranks is the s To aggegate the different sucomponents into the Pillar level, a weighted average of e calculated, with the weights given by the number of indicators used in its construction three pillars, the hetamp calculates a weighted average of them, set to equal weights the three objectives of expenditure are equally weighed, or they can also be set depe indicators, or they can be user determines according to preference. Recall percentile (0-1) and have an equal weight ("1") as default setting in the firts stage of aggregation modify this. Users can also modify the composition of indicators used at the subcom Charts sheet. Unticked indicators will have a weight of 0. Authors: Santiago Herrera Aguilera and Hironobu Isaka Date of last update: November 28, 2023 Contact: Comments and queries should be directed to: Santiago Herrera Aguilera (sherrera@ Hironobu Isaka (hisaka@worldbank.org) maps ogress. The information contained herein is n assembled by the authors and it is possible hat those utilizing this dataset do so critically ted to the quality of public spending in e main Pillars: long-term growth, stabilization, respectively). Each Pillar has 3 sub- ed from publicly available datasets and the and refrences provided in each sheet. See r attached with the values of the indicators on g green as top performer and red as under- listed in the Metadata sheet, and clustred into ), with each pillar having three dicators. The aggregation takes place first at ed at the pillar level, and finally and overall percentile ranked, shown in sheet with an _r. percentile ranks is the sucomponent score. a weighted average of each subomponet is s used in its construction. To aggregate the em, set to equal weights by default, in which ey can also be set depending on the numer of rence. Recall percentile ranks have a range irts stage of aggregation, but users can ors used at the subcomponent level in the era Aguilera (sherrera@worldbank.org) and List of Data for an Analysis on the Quality of Public Expenditure Indicators (1) Long Term Growth (1. a) Sustainability (1.a.1) Government size (1.a.2) Debt-stabilizing primary balance gap (1.a.3) Funding of public spending (1.a.4) Perception of sustainability (1.b) Technical Efficiency Efficiency of public spending (1.c) Allocative Efficiency (1.c.1) Budget Insitution (1.c.2) Worldwide Governance Indicator (1.c.3) Public Investment (1.c.4) Fiscal Multipliers (1.c.5) Benefit-to-cost ratio of SPL programs (1.c.6) Spending for climate change (2) Stabilization (2.a) Volatility of spending (2.b) Rigidity of the Budget (2.c) Procyclicality and Fiscal Impulse (3) Redistribution (3.a) Income equality (3.b) Gender equality (3.c) Intergenerational equality Data sheet Main source Link Link Link WEO and the authors' calcultion A cross-country database of fiscal space (2022), Link World Bank The Macro Poverty Outlook (MPO), World Bank Revenue Dashboard, UNU-WIDER Government Link Revenue Dataset, and Haver Analytics Link J P Morgan Link The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2019 Dataset (WEF), and Efficiency of Public Spending in Link Education,Health, and Infrastructure (2018), Santiago Herrera and Abdoulaye Ouedraogo Link The International Budget Partnership (IBP) and Link The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Framework (IMF) Link Worldwide Governance Indicators (WB) Link IMF Capital Stock Data, ILO Link The authors' calculation Link ASPIRE (World Bank) IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Database, Climate Link Change Dashboard (IMF), and ND-GAIN database (University of Notre Dame) Link World Bank Development Indicators (WDI), World Link Economic Outlook (WEO), and IMF Capital Stock Database Goverment Finance Statistics (IMF) and "Budget Link Rigidity in Latin America and the Caribbean" (2019, Santiago et al.) Herrera, Kouame, and Mandon (2019) and MPO Link Link Link WDI, OECD, CEQ, and ASPIRE Link World Inequality Database and ILOSTAT Link WEO and GFS Metadata (1) Long Term Growth (1. a) Sustainability (1.a.1) Size of government Expenditure controlling for GDP (% of GDP) (1.a.2) Sustainability Gap Gap between actual and debt stabilizing primary balance (1.a.3) Funding of public expenditure General Government Debt (%GDP) Debt (% of General Government Revenue) Debt (% of Tax Revenue) External public debt (%total) External Debt/Domestic Debt Debt duration Interest Coverage Ratio Tax Revenue Gap (% of GDP) Tax Revenue (% of GDP) Change in Tax Revenue (% of GDP) VAT C efficiency Grants, % of GDP Grants, % of Tax Standard deviation of grants (% of GDP) Standard deviation of tax revenue (% of GDP) Standard deviation of general government revenue (% of GDP) Seigniorage (% of GDP) Inflation Tax (% of GDP) (1.a.4) EMBI spread EMBI Spread EMBI Spread Change Foreign currency long- term sovereign debt ratings (1.b) Technical Efficiency (1.b) Efficiency of public spending Quality of overall infrastructure and Logistics Performance Index Efficiency of Public Spending in Education,Health, and Infrastructure (1.c) Allocative Efficiency (1.c.1) Budget Insitution PEFA scores Budget transparency scores (Open Budget Index) (1.c.2) Worldwide Governance Indicator Worldwide Governance Indicator (1.c.3) Public Investment Public Investment (% of total expenditure) Ratio of Public Capital Stock to GDP Ratio of Public Capital to Private Capital Stock K/L: Ratio of Public Capital Stock to Public Employment (1.c.4) Fiscal Multipliers Short-term fiscal multiplier Long-term fiscal multiplier (1.c.5) Benefit-to-cost ratio of SPL programs Benefit- cost ratio of SPL programs (1.c.6) Spending for climate change Fuel Subsidy (% of total expenditure) Fuel Subsidy (% of GDP) Expenditure on Environment Protection (% of total expenditure) Expenditure on Environment Protection (% of GDP) Readiness to Climate Change Efficiency scores for readiness index vs environment protection spending Efficiency scores for resilience index vs environment protection spending (1.c.5) Fiscal Multipliers Short-term fiscal multiplier Long-term fiscal multiplier (1.c.6) Benefit-to-cost ratio of SPL programs Benefit- cost ratio of SPL programs (2) Stabilization (2.a) Volatility of spending Volatility of government expenditure, government consumption, and public investment. Volatility of government expenditure, government consumption, and public investment controlling for GDP growth Fatas and Mihov (2003)’s model of fiscal volatility (2.b) Rigidity of the Budget Rigid expenditure (% of total expenditure) Structural expenditure (% of total expenditure) Structural ratio of rigid expenditure (2.c) Procyclicality and Fiscal Impulse Procyclicality of spending over 2011- 2022 Procyclicality coefficient Fiscal Impulse average-deviation from zero (3) Redistribution (3.a) Income equality Difference in Gini before and after fiscal policy intervention (only latest) ASPIRE indicators of SPL system performance (3.b) Gender equality Female to male wage ratio in the public sector Female employment in the public sector (3.c) Inter-generational equality Pension as share of total spending The share of structural components (GFS) Ratio of pension and education spending Definition Residuals obtained from the below estimation: Random effect model with dummies of year and small island develeping state (SIDS). Public expenditure as dependent variable and log of GDP per capita (PPP, internarional dollars) as independent variable. This is because public expenditure tends to vary by income level. The gap is the difference between the primary balance and the debt- stabilizing primary balance (pbsusgap1), from "A cross-country database of fiscal space (2022)." General Government Gross Debt as share of GDP General Government Gross Debt as share of General Government Revenue (General Government Debt Stock)/(Tax Revenue) (General Government External Debt Stock)/(General Government Debt Stock) from MPO, (General Government FX denominated Debt Stock)/(General Government Domestic currency Debt Stock) for the countries that have no data in MPO. (General Government External Debt Stock)/(General Government Domestic Debt Stock) Debt Duration: sovereign debt average maturity, years from a cross- country database of fical space (General Government Revenue - Grants Received)/(Interest Paid) See revenue dashboard for the details General government tax revenue as share of GDP Change in general government tax revenue as share of GDP in selected years VAT C-efficiency measures how effectively a Value-Added Tax is collected compared to an ideal scenario. It's a ratio of actual VAT revenue to a theoretical maximum, considering tax rates, exemptions, and administrative performance. A ratio of 1 means the tax is perfectly collected, with no gaps or inefficiencies. Grants received as share of GDP Grants received as share of tax revenue Standard deviation of grants received as share of GDP during the specified period Standard deviation of tax revenue as share of GDP during the specified period Standard deviation of GG revenue as share of GDP during the specified period Seinoriage = (change in Money supply, M1)/(Nominal GDP) Inflation tax’ = (M’-M/GDP’) - (M’/GDP’ – M/P*Y’) where ‘ denotes t+1, GDP is nominal, P is the GDP deflator and Y’=GDP’/P’. A. EMBI Spread as of the end of Dec 2022. B. EMBI Spread Cnange between the end of Dec 2022 and the end of Dec 2021. An annual average of foreign currency long-term sovereign debt ratings by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, and Fitch Ratings. See A cross- country database of fiscal space (2022) for more details. 2nd pillar: Infrastructure from "the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2019 Dataset (WEF)" Infrastructure score from Logistics Performance Index The efficiency of public spending is calculated through FDH, DEA, and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The higher score is better. The scores of Infrastructure use public investment as the input, and quality of overall infrastructure and Logistics Performance Index as the outputs. For Education, spending on education as the input, and literacy rate as the output. For health, health public spending as the input, and Disability Life Expectancy as the output. Input and output variables are the average value during 2017-2019. Average of the 31 indicators of budget institution from PEFA 2016 Framework by pillars Budget transparency and Budget Oversight from Open Budget Index Percentile rank for the four worldwide governance indicators are used: Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. General government investment (gross fixed capital formation), in billions of constant 2017 international dollars, divided by general government expenditure General government capital stock, in billions of constant 2017 international dollars as share of real GDP The above defined public capital devided by private capital stock, in billions of constant 2017 international dollars as share of real GDP. General government capital stock divided by public employment The average of three different estimates obtained from Comelli et al. (2023), Geli et al. (2023), and Batini (2014) methods. The average over the three estimates from Bou-Habib et al. (2023), Geli et al. (2023), and the Batini method. Reduction in poverty gap obtained for each $1 spent in SPL programs from ASPIRE indicators. See ASPIRE for the details. Explicit subsidies divided by general government expenditure Explicit subsidies as share of GDP Expenditure on environment protection as share of total expenditure Expenditure on environment protection as share of GDP Readiness: a country’s ability to leverage investments and convert them to adaptation actions Four scores are calculated by (1) method of efficiency score calculation (free disposal hull analysis and data envelopment analysis) by (2) input- and output-oriented measure. Input is orthogonalized expenditure on environment protection per capita controlling for GDP per capita and output is the rediness to climate change. Input and output variables are the average value during 2016-2020. Three scores are calculated by (1) method of efficiency score calculation (FDH and DEA) by (2) input- and output-oriented measure. Input is orthogonalized expenditure on environment protection per capita controlling for GDP per capita and output is the resilience to climate change, defined as (1-vulnerability to Climate Change). Input and output variables are the average value during 2016-2020. *DEA input-oriented was not able to be calculated. The average of three different estimates obtained from Comelli et al. (2023), Geli et al. (2023), and Batini (2014) methods. The average over the three estimates from Bou-Habib et al. (2023), Geli et al. (2023), and the Batini method. Reduction in poverty gap obtained for each $1 spent in SPL programs from ASPIRE indicators. See ASPIRE for the details. Three variables: standard deviation of log difference of general government expenditure, public investment, and general government final consumption expenditure. Three variables: standard deviation of residuals from OLS regression of the three different dependent variables (log difference of general government expenditure, public investment, and general government final consumption expenditure) on real GDP growth. Three variables: Fatas and Mihov (2003)’s model of fiscal volatility focusing on general government expenditure, public investment, and general government final consumption expenditure. Rigid expenditure is the sum of wages, interest payments, and pensions as a ratio to total expenditure. Estimated rigid expenditure (% of total expenditure) controlling for a set of variables based on the estimation equation "Budget Rigidity in Latin America and the Caribbean" (2019, Santiago et al.) employs. Structural component of rigid expenditure, calculated by dividing structural rigid expenditure by rigid expenditure See Herrera, Kouame, and Mandon (2019) for methodologies We estimate the coefficient b for procycality measure from the following equation: CAPB = a + b*output gap + c*lagged CAPB + u where CAPB is cyclicality-adjusted primary balance, output gap is estimated by applying HP filter to GDP, and lagged CAPB is CAPB t-1. Fiscal impulse is defined as the change in the cyclically-adjusted primary balance (CAPB) from the previous year. A decline in the CAPB is considered a positive fiscal impulse as a positive one should stimulate the economy. The indicator measures the absolute deviation from zero of fiscal impulse during the specified period. Difference between Gini coefficients of market income and of post- fiscal policy intervension. SPL Program Coverage (Poorest quintile), SPL Program Benefit Incidence (Poorest 20%), Poverty headcount reduction, and Poverty gap reduction from ASPIRE indicators. See ASPIRE for the details. . Female to male wage ratio in the public sector (using mean) Deviation from female employment in the public sector (% of total) from female labor force (% of total) General government social security expenditure as share of general government expenditure Estimated social security payment controlling for a set of variables based on the estimation equation "Budget Rigidity in Latin America and the Caribbean" (2019, Santiago et al.) employs. Social security payment per elderly person over government expenditure on education per young person Source Link WEO (Oct 2022) and the authors' calculation https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo- database/2022/October A cross-country database of fiscal space (2022), https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/p World Bank ublication/821fbe2b-e706-5b46-81c3- efd8971727fd IMF WEO https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo- database/2023/April ibid. ibid. ibid. ibid. The Macro Poverty Outlook (MPO), World Bank, The Macro Poverty Outlook (MPO) and BIS for missing data in MPO. https://mtimodelling.worldbank.org/livempodata/ mpodata.html https://data.bis.org/topics/DSS/tables-and- dashboards/BIS,SEC_C4,1.0?time_period=2020 ibid. ibid. A cross-country database of fiscal space (2022) A cross-country database of fiscal space The link is the same as 1.a.2 WEO World Bank Revenue Dashboard World Bank Revenue Dashboard https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/taxes-and- government-revenue/brief/tax-revenue- dashboard IMF Extended WEO ibid. World Bank Staff Calculation Extended WEO (as per request), IMF ibid. Extended WEO (as per request), IMF ibid. IMF WEO https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo- database/2023/April Haver Analytics and the authors' calculation https://www.haver.com/our-data ibid. ibid. J P Morgan J P Morgan A cross-country database of fiscal space (2022) A cross-country database of fiscal space The link is the same as 1.a.2 The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2019 The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2019 Dataset (WEF) Dataset (WEF) Logistics Performance Index (World Bank) https://www.weforum.org/reports/global- competitiveness-report-2019/ Logistics Performance Index: https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/global Efficiency of Public Spending in Education and Efficiency of Public Spending in Education,Health, Health from Santiago Herrera and Abdoulaye and Infrastructure (2018), Santiago Herrera and Ouedraogo (2018) and the authors' calculation Abdoulaye Ouedraogo otherwise https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1 813-9450-8586 The Public Expenditure and Financial https://www.pefa.org/ Accountability (PEFA) Framework (IMF) The International Budget Partnership (IBP) https://internationalbudget.org/open-budget- survey/ Worldwide Governance Indicators (WB) https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/ IMF Investment and Capital Stock Dataset (ICSD) https://infrastructuregovern.imf.org/content/dam 2021, and general government expenditure from /PIMA/Knowledge- WEO October 2022 Hub/dataset/WhatsNewinIMFInvestmentandCapit alStockDatabase_May2021.pdf ICSD ibid. ibid. ibid. Capital stock from ICSD and public employment ibid. from ILOSTAT 1. Batini,N., L. Eyraud, L. Forni, A. Weber (2014) 1.https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/tnm/201 Fiscal multipliers: Size, determinants, and use in 4/tnm1404.pdf macroeconomic projections. IMF. Fiscal Affairs Department. Technical Notes and Manuals. 2.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departme 2. Comelli, F. A. David, L. Eyraud, P. Kovacs, J. ntal-Papers-Policy- Montoya, A.Sode (2023) "Navigating Fiscal Papers/Issues/2023/09/15/Navigating-Fiscal- Clallenges in Subsharan Africa". International Challenges-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa-Resilient- Monetray Fund. September. Strategies-and-Credible-529230 3. Geli, J.F. and A. Moura (2023) Getting into the nitty- gritty of fiscal multipliers: small details, big 3.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issue impacts.IMF Working Papers wp 23/29. February. s/2023/02/10/Getting-into-the-Nitty-Gritty-of- Fiscal-Multipliers-Small-Details-Big-Impacts- 529460 1. Same as above. ibid. 2. Bou-Habib, Francois, Utz (2023), forthcoming 3. Same as above. ASPIRE: the atlas of social protection indicators https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/datatopics/a of resilience and equity, World Bank spire Explicit subsidies from Energy Subsidy Template https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/climate- (IMF), Sep 2021 Version, and government change/energy-subsidies expenditure from WEO October 2022 ibid. ibid. Expenditure on environment protection from https://data.imf.org/?sk=a0867067-d23c-4ebc- IMF, Statistics Department. 2021. Government ad23-d3b015045405 Finance Statistics (GFS) Database, and government expenditure from WEO October 2022 ibid. ibid. ND-GAIN database (University of Notre Dame) https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country- index/download-data/ Expenditure on environment protection and GDP ibid. per capita from IMF, and readiness indicator from University of Notre Dame Expenditure on environment protection and GDP ibid. per capita from IMF, and vulnerability indicator from University of Notre Dame 1. Batini,N., L. Eyraud, L. Forni, A. Weber (2014) 1.https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/tnm/201 Fiscal multipliers: Size, determinants, and use in 4/tnm1404.pdf macroeconomic projections. IMF. Fiscal Affairs Department. Technical Notes and Manuals. 2.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departme 2. Comelli, F. A. David, L. Eyraud, P. Kovacs, J. ntal-Papers-Policy- Montoya, A.Sode (2023) "Navigating Fiscal Papers/Issues/2023/09/15/Navigating-Fiscal- Clallenges in Subsharan Africa". International Challenges-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa-Resilient- Monetray Fund. September. Strategies-and-Credible-529230 3. Geli, J.F. and A. Moura (2023) Getting into the nitty- gritty of fiscal multipliers: small details, big 3.https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issue impacts.IMF Working Papers wp 23/29. February. s/2023/02/10/Getting-into-the-Nitty-Gritty-of- Fiscal-Multipliers-Small-Details-Big-Impacts- 529460 1. Same as above. ibid. 2. Bou-Habib, Francois, Utz (2023), forthcoming 3. Same as above. ASPIRE: the atlas of social protection indicators https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/datatopics/a of resilience and equity, World Bank spire World Bank Development Indicators (WDI), ICSD, and WEO WDI, ICSD, and WEO and the authors' calculation See Fatas and Mihov (2003), and Herrera and https://academic.oup.com/qje/article/118/4/141 Vincent (2008). 9/1925114 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract _id=1149566 Extended WEO (as per request), IMF The authors' estimation The authors' estimation Herrera, Kouame, and Mandon (2019) https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication /documents- reports/documentdetail/510041565102137832/w hy-some-countries-can-escape-the-fiscal-pro- cyclicality-trap-and-others-cannot The authors' estimation MPO https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/macr o-poverty-outlook OECD and CEQ (if OECD data is not available) OECD: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=I DD# CEQ: https://commitmentoequity.org/blog-posts-the- redistributive-impact-of-fiscal-policy-indicator ASPIRE https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/datatopics/a spire Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators (WWBI) https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwid e-bureaucracy-indicators-(wwbi) ILOSTAT https://ilostat.ilo.org/ Government Finance Statistics, IMF https://data.imf.org/?sk=a0867067-d23c-4ebc- ad23-d3b015045405 The authors' estimation Social secutiry payment from GFS and education https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world- expenditure from WDI development-indicators Country Chile Indicators (1) Long Term Growth (1. a) Sustainability (1.a.1) Size of government: deviation of observed spending Expenditure controlling for GDP (% of from the structural level GDP) (determined by GDP and demographics) Gap between actual and debt stabilizing (1.a.2) Sustainability Gap primary balance (1.a.3) Funding of public General Government Debt (%GDP) expenditure Debt (% of General Government Revenue) Debt (%Tax Revenue) External public debt (%total) External Debt/Domestic Debt Debt duration Interest Coverage Ratio Tax Revenue Gap (% of GDP) Tax Revenue (% of GDP) Change in Tax Revenue (% of GDP) VAT C efficiency Grants, % of GDP Grants, % of Tax Standard deviation of grants (% of GDP) Standard deviation of tax revenue (% of GDP) Standard deviation of general government revenue (% of GDP) Seigniorage (% of GDP) Inflation Tax (% of GDP) (1.a.4) Perception of EMBI Spread sustainability EMBI Spread Change Foreign currency long-term sovereign debt ratings (1.b) Technical Efficiency Efficiency of public spending Infrastructure, The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 (GCI) Logistics Performance Index (avg) Efficiency of Public Spending in Education,Health, and Infrastructure (1.c) Allocative Efficiency (1.c.1) Budget Insitution PEFA scores Budget transparency scores (Open Budget Index) (1.c.2) Worldwide Governance Worldwide Governance Indicator Indicator (1.c.3) Public Investment Public Investment (% of total expenditure) Ratio of Public Capital Stock to GDP Ratio of Private Capital Stock to GDP K/L: Ratio of Public Capital Stock to Public Employment (1.c.4) Fiscal multiplier Short-term and long-term fiscal multipliers (1.c.5) Benefit-to-cost ratio of Reduction in poverty gap obtained for social protection and labor each $1 spent in SPL programs programs (1.c.6) Spending for climate change Fuel Subsidy (% of total expenditure) Fuel Subsidy (% of GDP) Expenditure on Environment Protection (% of total expenditure) Expenditure on Environment Protection (% of GDP) Readiness and Vulnerability to Climate Change Efficiency scores for readiness index vs environment protection spending Efficiency scores for resilience index vs environment protection spending (2) Stabilization (2.a) Volatility of Spending Volatility of government expenditure, government consumption, and public investment. (2.a) Volatility of Spending Volatility of government expenditure, government consumption, and public investment controlling for GDP growth Fatas-Mihov: Fiscal volatility (government expenditure, government consumption, and public investment) (2.b) Rigidity of the Budget Rigid expenditure (% of total expenditure) Structural expenditure (% of total expenditure) Structural ratio of rigid expenditure (2.c) Procyclicality and Fiscal Procyclicality of spending Impulse Procyclicality coefficient Fiscal Impulse average-deviation from zero (3) Redistribution (3.a) Income Inequality Difference in Gini before and after fiscal policy intervention ASPIRE indicators of SPL system performance (3.b) Gender Inequality Female to male wage ratio in the public sector Deviation of female public emplyment (% of total) from female labor force (% of total) (3.c) Inter-generational Inequality Pension as share of total spending The share of structural components Ratio of Pension and Education Spending Summary Charts for Chile Three objectives of fiscal policy (Musgrave) Long-term growth 1.0 0.8 0.6 2000-2021 0.4 0.2 0.0 2017-2021 2010-2020 Redistribution Stabilization 2010-2020 2010-2020 2010-2020 High income - 2010-2020 Latin America & Caribbean - - CHL 2010-2020 2010-2020 2010-2020 The breakdown of each function 2010-2020 2010-2020 2010-2020 Long-term growth 2010-2020 2010-2020 Sustainability 2010-2020 1.0 0.8 2010-2020 0.6 0.4 2010-2020 0.2 2010-2020 0.0 2010-2020 2022 Cyclicality Allocative Technical and Fiscal 2022 Efficiency Efficiency Impulse 2021 High income - Latin America & Caribbean - - CHL Note: Some subcomponents may appear as zero. These represent missing data and are not included Note: Some subcomponents may appear as zero. These represent missing data and are not included 2019 performance. 2010-2020 2010-2020 except GCI Three objectives Latest year 2021 CHL HIC 2021 Long-term growth 0.66 0.61 Stabilization 0.78 0.58 2015-2019 Redistribution 0.65 0.60 2015-2019 2015-2019 2015-2019 CHL HIC Latest Sustainability 0.65 0.59 Technical Efficiency 0.72 0.68 Latest year Allocative Efficiency 0.64 0.62 2016-2020 2016-2020 2016-2020 CHL HIC 2016-2020 Volatility 0.86 0.62 Rigidity of Budget 0.83 0.41 2016-2020 Cyclicality and Fiscal Impulse 0.51 0.66 2016-2020 2016-2021 CHL HIC Income equality 0.66 0.76 Gender equality 0.51 0.53 Intergen equality 0.73 0.50 2010-2020 2010-2020 2010-2020 2015-2019 2015-2019 2015-2019 2011-2022 1990-2022 2010-2019 Latest year Latest year Latest year Latest year 2015-2019 2015-2019 2015-2019 Overall index for quality of expenditure CHL HIC LAC Overall Score 0.69 0.59 0.50 n of each function (Percentile rank, the higher, the more performing) Stabilization Redisribution Income Volatility equality 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 Cyclicality Rigidity of and Fiscal Intergen Gender Budget Impulse equality equality High income High income - - Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean missing data and are not included in the computation of the scores. Therefore, a zero value does not indicate poor missing data and are not included in the computation of the scores. Therefore, a zero value does not indicate poor Data Three objectives of fiscal policy HIC LAC 0.66 0.61 0.51 0.78 0.58 0.48 0.65 0.60 0.51 Long-term growth HIC LAC 0.65 0.59 0.49 0.72 0.68 0.50 0.64 0.62 0.53 Stabilization HIC LAC 0.86 0.62 0.50 0.83 0.41 0.61 e 0.51 0.66 0.45 Redisribution HIC LAC 0.66 0.76 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.65 0.73 0.50 0.42 Overall Quality of Public Spending Back Index Weight mutiplier Fields in orange are for the user to edit The options of weighting Equal Weight Economy Code Overall PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. 0.095 Income group Syrian Arab Republic SYR 0.350 High income Angola AGO 0.225 Libya LBY 0.201 Low income São Tomé and Príncipe STP 0.197 Lower middle income Togo TGO 0.224 South Sudan SSD 0.161 Upper middle income Afghanistan AFG 0.348 Region Chad TCD 0.226 Lebanon LBN 0.254 East Asia & Pacific Sudan SDN 0.244 Europe & Central Asia Madagascar MDG 0.286 Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.250 Latin America & Cari... Congo, Rep. COG 0.376 Middle East & North ... Nigeria NGA 0.306 Mali MLI 0.240 North America Gambia, The GMB 0.280 South Asia Haiti HTI 0.242 Lao PDR LAO 0.266 Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea GIN 0.214 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 0.376 Turkmenistan TKM 0.323 Oman OMN 0.384 Mozambique MOZ 0.321 Eritrea ERI 0.221 Dominica DMA 0.347 Marshall Islands MHL 0.302 Tonga TON 0.325 Djibouti DJI 0.321 Bhutan BTN 0.310 Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 0.326 Comoros COM 0.339 Niger NER 0.305 Cuba CUB 0.462 Burundi BDI 0.238 Venezuela, RB VEN 0.367 Pakistan PAK 0.428 Cameroon CMR 0.336 French Polynesia PYF 0.415 Somalia SOM 0.310 Benin BEN 0.295 Antigua and Barbuda ATG 0.323 Central African Republic CAF 0.344 St. Kitts and Nevis KNA 0.332 Mauritania MRT 0.330 Suriname SUR 0.414 Burkina Faso BFA 0.334 Solomon Islands SLB 0.356 Cambodia KHM 0.417 Zambia ZMB 0.378 Algeria DZA 0.535 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0.464 Gabon GAB 0.352 Qatar QAT 0.593 Nauru NRU 0.304 Uganda UGA 0.348 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.334 Tajikistan TJK 0.428 Liberia LBR 0.344 Iraq IRQ 0.390 Papua New Guinea PNG 0.239 Ecuador ECU 0.440 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.400 Bolivia BOL 0.431 Cyprus CYP 0.379 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0.394 Tanzania TZA 0.428 Nepal NPL 0.386 Senegal SEN 0.502 Ethiopia ETH 0.399 Lesotho LSO 0.487 Sierra Leone SLE 0.367 Cabo Verde CPV 0.369 Timor-Leste TLS 0.352 Vanuatu VUT 0.371 Bahamas, The BHS 0.451 Grenada GRD 0.434 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.418 Ukraine UKR 0.477 Palau PLW 0.455 Fiji FJI 0.460 Argentina ARG 0.508 Ghana GHA 0.383 Jordan JOR 0.485 Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR 0.333 Sri Lanka LKA 0.533 Malta MLT 0.640 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 0.551 Kiribati KIR 0.384 Nicaragua NIC 0.475 Samoa WSM 0.516 Kuwait KWT 0.679 Bahrain BHR 0.605 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 0.595 Serbia SRB 0.558 Botswana BWA 0.508 Tunisia TUN 0.458 Morocco MAR 0.529 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0.477 Tuvalu TUV 0.559 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 0.568 Myanmar MMR 0.524 Guatemala GTM 0.514 Malawi MWI 0.490 Eswatini SWZ 0.490 Moldova MDA 0.589 Maldives MDV 0.459 Mauritius MUS 0.567 Brazil BRA 0.541 Türkiye TUR 0.583 Colombia COL 0.515 Romania ROU 0.595 Uzbekistan UZB 0.540 Belarus BLR 0.576 El Salvador SLV 0.507 Honduras HND 0.469 Dominican Republic DOM 0.532 North Macedonia MKD 0.495 Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.507 Ireland IRL 0.527 Greece GRC 0.496 Rwanda RWA 0.514 Bangladesh BGD 0.534 Belize BLZ 0.518 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.547 Curaçao CUW 0.692 Russian Federation RUS 0.590 Iceland ISL 0.545 Slovak Republic SVK 0.571 Azerbaijan AZE 0.498 Paraguay PRY 0.538 Bulgaria BGR 0.544 United Arab Emirates ARE 0.594 Armenia ARM 0.522 Vietnam VNM 0.563 China CHN 0.656 Kenya KEN 0.446 Montenegro MNE 0.570 Poland POL 0.624 Latvia LVA 0.642 Albania ALB 0.566 Jamaica JAM 0.540 Portugal PRT 0.571 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 0.566 Namibia NAM 0.507 Guyana GUY 0.499 Uruguay URY 0.596 Seychelles SYC 0.450 India IND 0.576 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.560 Lithuania LTU 0.633 Hungary HUN 0.628 Mongolia MNG 0.488 Croatia HRV 0.626 Puerto Rico PRI 0.550 Indonesia IDN 0.567 Aruba ABW 0.550 Costa Rica CRI 0.641 Czech Republic CZE 0.620 New Zealand NZL 0.606 Japan JPN 0.652 Mexico MEX 0.585 Philippines PHL 0.549 Peru PER 0.640 Slovenia SVN 0.620 Panama PAN 0.545 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.549 Barbados BRB 0.523 United Kingdom GBR 0.658 United States USA 0.632 Bermuda BMU 0.594 Estonia EST 0.611 Spain ESP 0.562 Chile CHL 0.694 Netherlands NLD 0.690 Italy ITA 0.605 South Africa ZAF 0.656 Belgium BEL 0.674 New Caledonia NCL 0.597 Austria AUT 0.696 Georgia GEO 0.649 Australia AUS 0.677 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.681 Malaysia MYS 0.648 Germany DEU 0.723 Israel ISR 0.676 France FRA 0.701 Switzerland CHE 0.690 Turks and Caicos Islands TCA 0.669 Luxembourg LUX 0.669 Canada CAN 0.724 Singapore SGP 0.639 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG 0.577 Kosovo XKX 0.628 Taiwan, China TWN 0.770 San Marino SMR 0.535 Andorra AND 0.627 Thailand THA 0.708 St. Lucia LCA 0.649 Finland FIN 0.768 Norway NOR 0.745 Sweden SWE 0.778 Denmark DNK 0.779 American Samoa ASM 0.536 Guam GUM 0.580 Greenland GRL 0.755 Cayman Islands CYM 0.805 Macao SAR, China MAC 0.390 Isle of Man IMN 0.823 Liechtenstein LIE 0.932 Monaco MCO 0.994 British Virgin Islands VGB Channel Islands CHI Faroe Islands FRO 0.026 Gibraltar GIB Northern Mariana Islands MNP 0.026 Sint Maarten (Dutch part)SXM 0.115 St. Martin (French part) MAF Average 0.490 Comparison 1. Long-term growth 0.61 0.51 0.42 0.33 1. Long-term growth 0.49 0.61 0.51 0.48 0.70 0.42 0.37 1.00 1.00 1.00 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 86 1. Long-term growth 2. Stabilization 3. Redistribution 0.095 0.451 0.145 0.455 0.379 0.137 0.159 0.281 0.120 0.257 0.179 0.154 0.371 0.264 0.036 0.275 0.094 0.113 0.338 0.521 0.185 0.242 0.161 0.275 0.369 0.084 0.309 0.282 0.146 0.303 0.342 0.314 0.202 0.285 0.062 0.403 0.333 0.266 0.529 0.351 0.222 0.345 0.373 0.241 0.106 0.365 0.305 0.169 0.335 0.257 0.134 0.328 0.279 0.192 0.321 0.227 0.096 0.497 0.230 0.402 0.500 0.146 0.554 0.348 0.251 0.331 0.306 0.325 0.275 0.168 0.526 0.170 0.345 0.435 0.343 0.129 0.397 0.381 0.197 0.332 0.258 0.372 0.411 0.417 0.100 0.329 0.084 0.564 0.353 0.517 0.148 0.376 0.299 0.241 0.418 0.507 0.283 0.252 0.181 0.342 0.448 0.313 0.389 0.419 0.475 0.374 0.502 0.132 0.415 0.264 0.282 0.386 0.436 0.245 0.204 0.518 0.128 0.316 0.080 0.636 0.541 0.124 0.333 0.288 0.368 0.380 0.065 0.797 0.340 0.405 0.256 0.425 0.341 0.301 0.406 0.627 0.217 0.342 0.370 0.422 0.457 0.549 0.601 0.389 0.408 0.596 0.367 0.106 0.582 0.616 0.345 0.818 0.327 0.282 0.425 0.467 0.153 0.365 0.046 0.591 0.432 0.508 0.343 0.357 0.241 0.433 0.337 0.279 0.553 0.305 0.311 0.103 0.476 0.338 0.505 0.442 0.284 0.474 0.385 0.518 0.390 0.569 0.357 0.212 0.352 0.195 0.636 0.436 0.600 0.250 0.404 0.353 0.402 0.383 0.758 0.365 0.387 0.457 0.352 0.333 0.429 0.699 0.337 0.264 0.499 0.450 0.323 0.333 0.393 0.308 0.354 0.515 0.242 0.356 0.497 0.405 0.562 0.306 0.467 0.377 0.409 0.515 0.332 0.584 0.456 0.355 0.555 0.480 0.369 0.530 0.461 0.560 0.501 0.393 0.153 0.602 0.513 0.362 0.579 0.538 0.127 0.451 0.512 0.636 0.639 0.490 0.790 0.502 0.522 0.629 0.446 0.473 0.232 0.420 0.587 0.419 0.476 0.398 0.673 0.545 0.590 0.902 0.450 0.373 0.993 0.435 0.632 0.719 0.564 0.526 0.585 0.493 0.496 0.534 0.429 0.565 0.380 0.565 0.540 0.483 0.355 0.151 0.924 0.496 0.181 1.000 0.532 0.588 0.583 0.384 0.629 0.560 0.491 0.616 0.435 0.393 0.524 0.552 0.469 0.410 0.590 0.524 0.533 0.709 0.431 0.334 0.611 0.539 0.532 0.629 0.541 0.623 0.459 0.587 0.612 0.551 0.553 0.598 0.395 0.535 0.490 0.759 0.583 0.597 0.438 0.523 0.568 0.637 0.429 0.635 0.458 0.396 0.623 0.389 0.534 0.507 0.554 0.526 0.635 0.323 0.567 0.480 0.475 0.583 0.335 0.663 0.529 0.393 0.567 0.484 0.644 0.415 0.449 0.597 0.556 0.514 0.496 0.544 0.546 0.547 0.692 0.626 0.721 0.423 0.638 0.550 0.446 0.566 0.489 0.659 0.559 0.489 0.446 0.522 0.644 0.447 0.557 0.460 0.616 0.628 0.574 0.580 0.512 0.497 0.558 0.509 0.710 0.471 0.595 0.831 0.540 0.410 0.586 0.344 0.554 0.565 0.592 0.620 0.585 0.666 0.575 0.572 0.779 0.535 0.616 0.547 0.517 0.471 0.633 0.614 0.506 0.594 0.454 0.611 0.634 0.481 0.531 0.509 0.470 0.224 0.804 0.673 0.659 0.458 0.516 0.394 0.441 0.524 0.770 0.433 0.540 0.536 0.605 0.569 0.569 0.762 0.542 0.536 0.808 0.510 0.342 0.613 0.588 0.599 0.690 0.547 0.553 0.571 0.721 0.409 0.507 0.593 0.555 0.656 0.712 0.650 0.617 0.592 0.694 0.668 0.457 0.663 0.757 0.537 0.532 0.775 0.448 0.536 0.528 0.584 0.561 0.750 0.610 0.607 0.532 0.722 0.523 0.535 0.577 0.614 0.556 0.477 0.537 0.461 0.573 0.651 0.747 0.577 0.658 0.676 0.563 0.778 0.410 0.623 0.618 0.591 0.644 0.560 0.482 0.655 0.781 0.646 0.713 0.752 0.606 0.620 0.733 0.464 0.544 0.834 0.589 0.656 0.768 0.598 0.424 0.769 0.690 0.798 0.601 0.595 0.568 0.784 0.732 0.784 0.516 0.730 0.832 0.482 0.555 0.649 0.741 0.697 0.753 0.720 0.643 0.823 0.562 0.674 0.765 0.664 0.776 0.877 0.418 0.669 0.748 0.752 0.507 0.668 0.768 0.735 0.666 0.524 0.728 0.677 0.755 0.300 0.728 0.428 0.729 0.770 0.570 0.501 0.617 0.638 0.617 0.805 0.702 0.618 0.624 0.706 0.708 0.808 0.787 0.728 0.825 0.682 0.748 0.859 0.728 0.733 0.818 0.786 0.536 0.580 0.770 0.741 0.805 0.644 0.527 0.000 0.823 0.932 0.994 0.026 0.026 0.115 0.500 0.473 0.495 2. Stabilization 3. Redistribution Overall 0.58 0.60 0.59 0.48 0.56 0.51 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.28 0.32 0.31 2. Stabilization 3. Redistribution Overall 0.51 0.46 0.48 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.48 0.51 0.50 0.39 0.56 0.47 0.62 0.65 0.65 0.49 0.42 0.45 0.33 0.38 0.36 Long Term Growth Back Index Num of indicators Fields in orange are for the user to edit User-defined weight Weight Economy Code Overall Income group Syrian Arab Republic SYR 0.451 Libya LBY 0.281 High income Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK 0.095 Sudan SDN 0.282 Low income Cuba CUB 0.418 Lower middle income Chad TCD 0.242 Upper middle income Somalia SOM 0.264 Suriname SUR 0.380 Region Venezuela, RB VEN 0.342 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.365 East Asia & Pacific Afghanistan AFG 0.338 Europe & Central Asia Zambia ZMB 0.342 Central African Republic CAF 0.316 Latin America & Cari... Lesotho LSO 0.333 Middle East & North... Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.285 Djibouti DJI 0.332 North America Lao PDR LAO 0.328 South Asia Madagascar MDG 0.342 Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 0.329 Nigeria NGA 0.351 São Tomé and Príncipe STP 0.257 Mauritania MRT 0.333 Cameroon CMR 0.374 South Sudan SSD 0.275 Lebanon LBN 0.369 Mali MLI 0.373 Niger NER 0.376 Pakistan PAK 0.389 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0.352 Congo, Rep. COG 0.333 French Polynesia PYF 0.415 Sierra Leone SLE 0.337 Iraq IRQ 0.337 Senegal SEN 0.383 Gabon GAB 0.367 Mozambique MOZ 0.331 Bolivia BOL 0.385 Burkina Faso BFA 0.340 Nauru NRU 0.327 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0.355 Togo TGO 0.371 Liberia LBR 0.357 Burundi BDI 0.283 Honduras HND 0.396 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 0.497 Angola AGO 0.379 Gambia, The GMB 0.365 Tunisia TUN 0.429 Palau PLW 0.456 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0.389 Tonga TON 0.397 Myanmar MMR 0.384 Tajikistan TJK 0.432 Ethiopia ETH 0.387 Haiti HTI 0.335 Ghana GHA 0.393 Malawi MWI 0.393 Kenya KEN 0.410 Papua New Guinea PNG 0.305 Algeria DZA 0.457 Sri Lanka LKA 0.451 Comoros COM 0.353 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 0.435 Bahamas, The BHS 0.497 Eritrea ERI 0.275 Nicaragua NIC 0.420 Argentina ARG 0.461 Cambodia KHM 0.406 El Salvador SLV 0.429 Nepal NPL 0.404 Uganda UGA 0.425 Guinea GIN 0.321 New Caledonia NCL 0.424 Cabo Verde CPV 0.450 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 0.454 Bhutan BTN 0.411 Namibia NAM 0.481 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 0.502 Ecuador ECU 0.476 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.467 South Africa ZAF 0.544 Turkmenistan TKM 0.500 Solomon Islands SLB 0.425 Armenia ARM 0.512 Benin BEN 0.436 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 0.532 Marshall Islands MHL 0.435 Bahrain BHR 0.450 Rwanda RWA 0.484 Kiribati KIR 0.446 Bangladesh BGD 0.449 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.546 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.540 Ukraine UKR 0.515 Tanzania TZA 0.436 Guatemala GTM 0.491 Belarus BLR 0.523 Kuwait KWT 0.545 Paraguay PRY 0.522 Belize BLZ 0.514 Maldives MDV 0.431 Azerbaijan AZE 0.559 Montenegro MNE 0.554 Jordan JOR 0.513 India IND 0.524 Botswana BWA 0.493 Colombia COL 0.553 Mauritius MUS 0.539 North Macedonia MKD 0.526 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.442 Mongolia MNG 0.510 Eswatini SWZ 0.469 Antigua and Barbuda ATG 0.518 Uzbekistan UZB 0.583 Oman OMN 0.554 Moldova MDA 0.524 Dominica DMA 0.526 Fiji FJI 0.480 Costa Rica CRI 0.555 Panama PAN 0.523 Dominican Republic DOM 0.534 Mexico MEX 0.532 Albania ALB 0.535 St. Kitts and Nevis KNA 0.541 Timor-Leste TLS 0.393 Curaçao CUW 0.692 Brazil BRA 0.541 Indonesia IDN 0.571 Vietnam VNM 0.509 Peru PER 0.561 Hungary HUN 0.542 Serbia SRB 0.564 Jamaica JAM 0.517 Türkiye TUR 0.587 Philippines PHL 0.536 Tuvalu TUV 0.496 Guyana GUY 0.470 Grenada GRD 0.562 Samoa WSM 0.476 Cyprus CYP 0.569 Seychelles SYC 0.516 Georgia GEO 0.595 Aruba ABW 0.507 Barbados BRB 0.537 Romania ROU 0.535 Malaysia MYS 0.555 China CHN 0.595 Greece GRC 0.529 Bulgaria BGR 0.557 Russian Federation RUS 0.626 San Marino SMR 0.570 St. Lucia LCA 0.618 Qatar QAT 0.616 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.614 Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.567 Croatia HRV 0.588 Thailand THA 0.617 Morocco MAR 0.565 Vanuatu VUT 0.515 Latvia LVA 0.575 Lithuania LTU 0.569 Slovak Republic SVK 0.566 Spain ESP 0.644 Poland POL 0.620 Portugal PRT 0.614 Italy ITA 0.620 United Arab Emirates ARE 0.628 Chile CHL 0.655 Ireland IRL 0.583 Estonia EST 0.623 United States USA 0.658 Puerto Rico PRI 0.547 Uruguay URY 0.673 Turks and Caicos Islands TCA 0.669 Malta MLT 0.639 Belgium BEL 0.656 Canada CAN 0.668 Singapore SGP 0.666 Israel ISR 0.643 United Kingdom GBR 0.651 Japan JPN 0.663 Slovenia SVN 0.607 France FRA 0.674 Australia AUS 0.732 Finland FIN 0.708 Czech Republic CZE 0.650 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG 0.677 Andorra AND 0.617 Iceland ISL 0.638 Germany DEU 0.697 New Zealand NZL 0.694 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.730 Norway NOR 0.728 Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR 0.538 Austria AUT 0.690 Netherlands NLD 0.713 Macao SAR, China MAC 0.644 Denmark DNK 0.733 Sweden SWE 0.748 Luxembourg LUX 0.748 Taiwan, China TWN 0.770 Kosovo XKX 0.728 American Samoa ASM 0.536 Guam GUM 0.580 Cayman Islands CYM 0.805 Switzerland CHE 0.776 Bermuda BMU 0.778 Isle of Man IMN 0.823 Greenland GRL 0.770 Liechtenstein LIE 0.932 Monaco MCO 0.994 Average 0.506 18.55 8.06 23.39 37.1% 16.1% 46.8% 62 Sustainability Technical Efficiency Allocative Efficiency 0.735 0.490 0.212 0.317 0.509 0.175 0.095 0.343 0.321 0.220 0.466 0.073 0.498 0.321 0.245 0.178 0.411 0.000 0.238 0.368 0.524 0.341 0.423 0.271 0.302 0.474 0.242 0.321 0.494 0.213 0.257 0.387 0.274 0.329 0.258 0.273 0.376 0.459 0.138 0.299 0.261 0.241 0.320 0.405 0.265 0.298 0.293 0.364 0.343 0.412 0.300 0.302 0.403 0.242 0.302 0.442 0.378 0.271 0.220 0.338 0.259 0.382 0.332 0.295 0.521 0.319 0.276 0.264 0.285 0.294 0.706 0.312 0.449 0.260 0.352 0.433 0.284 0.363 0.380 0.464 0.370 0.389 0.278 0.348 0.349 0.250 0.349 0.415 0.364 0.226 0.354 0.443 0.273 0.276 0.436 0.340 0.355 0.393 0.410 0.331 0.338 0.193 0.374 0.451 0.275 0.370 0.423 0.256 0.303 0.261 0.379 0.560 0.071 0.291 0.476 0.310 0.310 0.426 0.251 0.339 0.374 0.218 0.233 0.452 0.422 0.343 0.562 0.644 0.396 0.485 0.259 0.335 0.323 0.287 0.426 0.404 0.500 0.424 0.379 0.321 0.564 0.441 0.274 0.388 0.367 0.470 0.396 0.433 0.364 0.353 0.432 0.394 0.446 0.408 0.208 0.433 0.373 0.235 0.339 0.340 0.428 0.422 0.393 0.335 0.412 0.428 0.358 0.413 0.394 0.358 0.216 0.607 0.360 0.371 0.353 0.630 0.467 0.420 0.337 0.305 0.402 0.600 0.404 0.458 0.620 0.486 0.326 0.127 0.285 0.602 0.352 0.299 0.426 0.564 0.452 0.499 0.409 0.331 0.452 0.460 0.400 0.487 0.318 0.368 0.443 0.367 0.431 0.351 0.251 0.320 0.424 0.330 0.409 0.559 0.458 0.379 0.478 0.289 0.263 0.559 0.574 0.286 0.474 0.546 0.590 0.437 0.477 0.468 0.477 0.479 0.384 0.487 0.638 0.528 0.476 0.738 0.647 0.260 0.448 0.303 0.448 0.486 0.688 0.472 0.486 0.347 0.426 0.597 0.494 0.494 0.426 0.450 0.436 0.354 0.578 0.482 0.412 0.301 0.604 0.458 0.187 0.526 0.497 0.386 0.433 0.405 0.554 0.655 0.653 0.520 0.458 0.501 0.648 0.481 0.429 0.331 0.477 0.579 0.537 0.406 0.546 0.549 0.495 0.690 0.427 0.471 0.611 0.536 0.447 0.467 0.478 0.564 0.324 0.424 0.518 0.631 0.609 0.484 0.514 0.364 0.651 0.436 0.607 0.541 0.555 0.476 0.517 0.548 0.264 0.527 0.569 0.524 0.550 0.470 0.627 0.564 0.518 0.549 0.524 0.478 0.601 0.360 0.497 0.338 0.581 0.557 0.282 0.465 0.340 0.807 0.559 0.686 0.603 0.495 0.555 0.517 0.565 0.570 0.499 0.496 0.333 0.679 0.469 0.426 0.507 0.548 0.560 0.559 0.480 0.565 0.544 0.468 0.579 0.571 0.501 0.664 0.510 0.493 0.493 0.584 0.363 0.682 0.465 0.241 0.388 0.556 0.800 0.593 0.585 0.484 0.579 0.640 0.542 0.523 0.537 0.489 0.583 0.565 0.543 0.510 0.597 0.548 0.545 0.621 0.559 0.508 0.433 0.553 0.618 0.695 0.526 0.579 0.550 0.496 0.423 0.297 0.623 0.414 0.391 0.542 0.308 0.661 0.729 0.331 0.445 0.601 0.560 0.655 0.546 0.453 0.476 0.581 0.540 0.520 0.664 0.444 0.302 0.628 0.410 0.592 0.618 0.469 0.712 0.526 0.491 0.528 0.616 0.604 0.623 0.579 0.397 0.753 0.556 0.524 0.660 0.548 0.723 0.665 0.536 0.537 0.595 0.459 0.785 0.687 0.633 0.764 0.553 0.604 0.740 0.578 0.535 0.541 0.601 0.526 0.639 0.620 0.664 0.572 0.597 0.522 0.508 0.619 0.479 0.432 0.572 0.605 0.554 0.558 0.492 0.732 0.574 0.493 0.685 0.582 0.580 0.802 0.639 0.617 0.685 0.599 0.585 0.723 0.600 0.562 0.806 0.602 0.602 0.560 0.672 0.648 0.720 0.639 0.479 0.655 0.641 0.689 0.592 0.582 0.546 0.785 0.703 0.506 0.201 0.699 0.694 0.537 0.702 0.669 0.658 0.646 0.621 0.669 0.730 0.621 0.675 0.732 0.640 0.601 0.826 0.662 0.563 0.906 0.615 0.586 0.777 0.660 0.524 0.824 0.717 0.536 0.666 0.642 0.527 0.828 0.738 0.697 0.846 0.720 0.683 0.702 0.730 0.631 0.695 0.649 0.582 0.799 0.711 0.544 0.675 0.489 0.791 0.703 0.662 0.742 0.710 0.698 0.529 0.749 0.684 0.815 0.738 0.710 0.534 0.810 0.538 0.617 0.771 0.720 0.685 0.851 0.687 0.709 0.323 0.703 0.742 0.788 0.707 0.743 0.711 0.764 0.761 0.903 0.685 0.861 0.873 0.663 0.676 0.769 0.536 0.580 0.823 0.791 0.731 0.927 0.761 0.774 0.781 0.823 0.770 0.936 0.929 0.994 0.506 0.493 0.504 1.a Sustainability Back (Unit: All in percentile ranks) 23 Weight Economy Code Sub total Cuba CUB 0.466 Income group Palau PLW 0.379 High income Bhutan BTN 0.289 Gambia, The GMB 0.323 Low income Sudan SDN 0.343 Lower middle income São Tomé and Príncipe STP 0.220 Cabo Verde CPV 0.330 Upper middle income Lao PDR LAO 0.293 Region Central African Republic CAF 0.258 Lebanon LBN 0.294 East Asia & Pacific Maldives MDV 0.324 Dominica DMA 0.333 Europe & Central Asia Bahrain BHR 0.354 Latin America & Caribbe... Sri Lanka LKA 0.353 Middle East & North Afr... Zambia ZMB 0.387 Sierra Leone SLE 0.364 North America Mozambique MOZ 0.338 South Asia Liberia LBR 0.426 Samoa WSM 0.331 Sub-Saharan Africa Djibouti DJI 0.405 Suriname SUR 0.368 Eritrea ERI 0.326 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0.389 Chad TCD 0.321 Grenada GRD 0.308 Congo, Rep. COG 0.349 Myanmar MMR 0.433 Tajikistan TJK 0.432 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.405 San Marino SMR 0.537 Ghana GHA 0.340 Gabon GAB 0.393 Tunisia TUN 0.404 Pakistan PAK 0.380 Ethiopia ETH 0.408 Argentina ARG 0.426 Somalia SOM 0.411 Rwanda RWA 0.412 Mauritania MRT 0.382 Comoros COM 0.420 Haiti HTI 0.373 Papua New Guinea PNG 0.394 Guyana GUY 0.414 Niger NER 0.433 Malawi MWI 0.393 Kenya KEN 0.428 Senegal SEN 0.436 Bahamas, The BHS 0.458 Vanuatu VUT 0.479 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.474 Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.261 Tuvalu TUV 0.423 Lesotho LSO 0.459 Belize BLZ 0.467 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0.441 Nauru NRU 0.261 Cameroon CMR 0.521 Tonga TON 0.367 Madagascar MDG 0.412 South Sudan SSD 0.264 Mali MLI 0.449 St. Lucia LCA 0.459 Bolivia BOL 0.451 Venezuela, RB VEN 0.423 Honduras HND 0.452 Greece GRC 0.397 Solomon Islands SLB 0.448 Mauritius MUS 0.470 Afghanistan AFG 0.494 Burundi BDI 0.374 Uganda UGA 0.443 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 0.458 Mongolia MNG 0.497 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 0.402 Antigua and Barbuda ATG 0.340 Fiji FJI 0.469 Marshall Islands MHL 0.426 Panama PAN 0.480 Aruba ABW 0.444 St. Kitts and Nevis KNA 0.363 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0.560 Ecuador ECU 0.477 El Salvador SLV 0.452 Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 0.403 Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.535 Burkina Faso BFA 0.423 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 0.562 Angola AGO 0.485 Romania ROU 0.469 Oman OMN 0.555 Togo TGO 0.476 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.478 Armenia ARM 0.486 Benin BEN 0.486 Georgia GEO 0.540 Montenegro MNE 0.514 Jordan JOR 0.436 Kiribati KIR 0.458 Nigeria NGA 0.442 Hungary HUN 0.510 Eswatini SWZ 0.557 Dominican Republic DOM 0.468 Barbados BRB 0.410 Namibia NAM 0.574 Albania ALB 0.493 Guinea GIN 0.351 Iraq IRQ 0.443 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.479 Seychelles SYC 0.453 Tanzania TZA 0.429 Costa Rica CRI 0.548 Spain ESP 0.580 Ukraine UKR 0.501 Mexico MEX 0.501 North Macedonia MKD 0.518 Lithuania LTU 0.492 Libya LBY 0.317 Timor-Leste TLS 0.465 Colombia COL 0.569 Nepal NPL 0.487 Morocco MAR 0.522 Italy ITA 0.562 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 0.546 Bangladesh BGD 0.497 Croatia HRV 0.526 India IND 0.555 United States USA 0.546 Bulgaria BGR 0.524 Cambodia KHM 0.499 Curaçao CUW 0.556 Japan JPN 0.524 Nicaragua NIC 0.602 Slovak Republic SVK 0.493 Jamaica JAM 0.508 Ireland IRL 0.479 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG 0.582 China CHN 0.604 Puerto Rico PRI 0.506 France FRA 0.527 Algeria DZA 0.607 Iceland ISL 0.489 Belarus BLR 0.546 Indonesia IDN 0.579 United Kingdom GBR 0.586 Serbia SRB 0.545 Vietnam VNM 0.523 Türkiye TUR 0.618 Cyprus CYP 0.560 Andorra AND 0.544 Israel ISR 0.563 Azerbaijan AZE 0.631 Botswana BWA 0.548 Guatemala GTM 0.579 Brazil BRA 0.593 Singapore SGP 0.601 Slovenia SVN 0.536 Malaysia MYS 0.491 Peru PER 0.583 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.604 Moldova MDA 0.570 Qatar QAT 0.633 Philippines PHL 0.579 Paraguay PRY 0.611 South Africa ZAF 0.638 Chile CHL 0.648 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.653 Kuwait KWT 0.690 Latvia LVA 0.605 Portugal PRT 0.585 Czech Republic CZE 0.631 United Arab Emirates ARE 0.602 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 0.597 Austria AUT 0.617 Poland POL 0.617 Belgium BEL 0.669 Canada CAN 0.675 Turks and Caicos Islands TCA 0.669 Germany DEU 0.662 Finland FIN 0.683 Thailand THA 0.664 Uzbekistan UZB 0.686 Estonia EST 0.689 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.684 Kosovo XKX 0.676 Malta MLT 0.658 Uruguay URY 0.694 Macao SAR, China MAC 0.709 New Zealand NZL 0.698 Australia AUS 0.697 Sweden SWE 0.743 Norway NOR 0.710 Netherlands NLD 0.685 Russian Federation RUS 0.723 Switzerland CHE 0.731 Luxembourg LUX 0.761 Turkmenistan TKM 0.738 Denmark DNK 0.742 Bermuda BMU 0.774 Cayman Islands CYM 0.823 Isle of Man IMN 0.823 Taiwan, China TWN 0.861 Liechtenstein LIE 0.936 American Samoa ASM Channel Islands CHI Faroe Islands FRO Gibraltar GIB Greenland GRL Guam GUM St. Martin (French part) MAF Northern Mariana Islands MNP New Caledonia NCL French Polynesia PYF Sint Maarten (Dutch part)SXM British Virgin Islands VGB Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR Syrian Arab Republic SYR 0.735 Korea, Dem. People's Rep.PRK Monaco MCO Average 0.506 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% Debt-stabilizing Government size primary balance gap Expenditure controlling for GDP Gap between actual Debt (% of General per capital, residuals and debt stabilizing General Government Government Debt (% of Tax (% of GDP) primary balance Debt (% of GDP) Revenue Revenue) 0.387 0.832 0.975 0.084 0.172 0.102 0.629 0.219 0.058 0.096 0.949 0.021 0 0.012 0.459 0.141 0.24 0.118 0.928 0.058 0.063 0.124 0.593 0.36 0.162 0.18 0.887 0.521 0.146 0.079 0.892 0.043 0.016 0.021 0.045 0.372 0.095 0.224 0.256 0.248 0.042 0.152 0.448 0.366 0.433 0.24 0.141 0 0.897 0.356 0.162 0.027 0.537 0.026 0.344 0.209 0.309 0.573 0.381 0.136 0.169 0.238 0.86 0.157 0.198 0.27 0.516 0.766 0.803 0.63 0.635 0.448 0.553 0.774 0.678 0.625 0.562 0.284 0.375 0.266 0.293 0.959 0.011 0.037 0.029 0.078 0.313 0.079 0.074 0.428 0.269 0.568 0.318 0.158 0.341 0.115 0.099 0.203 0.346 0.266 0.329 0.607 0.779 0.486 0.584 0.271 0.068 0.279 0.631 0.657 0.72 0.16 0.209 0.277 0.416 0.557 0.709 0.599 0.026 0.26 0.412 0.089 0.22 0.913 0.747 0.506 0.386 0.298 0.598 0.33 0.318 0.344 0.54 0.578 0.521 0.297 0.042 0.113 0.758 0.973 0.433 0.131 0.214 0.068 0.078 0.308 0.527 0.59 0.81 0.212 0.714 0.631 0.68 0.624 0.428 0.334 0.276 0.933 0.891 0.771 0.545 0.392 0.86 0.422 0.405 0.82 0.373 0.797 0.558 0.742 0.31 0.511 0.438 0.568 0.269 0.252 0.813 0.532 0.551 0.588 0.698 0.375 0.5 0.145 0.139 0.464 0.25 0.394 0.191 0.165 0.454 0.313 0.45 0.196 0.422 0.152 0.321 0.351 0.913 0.719 0.823 0.765 0.66 0.365 0.115 0.315 0.702 0.256 0.011 0.023 0.135 0.928 0.969 0.911 0.006 0.537 0.86 0.883 0.403 0.052 0.193 0.178 0.332 0.903 0.849 0.948 0.821 0.165 0.053 0.646 0.062 0.64 0.365 0.818 0.495 0.663 0.315 0.469 0.698 0.596 0.748 0.625 0.12 0.225 0.418 0.391 0.605 0.034 0.552 0.408 0.745 0.521 0.647 0.124 0.292 0.204 0.371 0.037 0.034 0.485 0.652 0.804 0.841 0.709 0.037 0.006 0.017 0.129 0.513 0.662 0.641 0.669 0 0.73 0.006 0.084 0.085 0.031 0.959 0.954 0.984 0.495 0.217 0.277 0.183 0.343 0.568 0.98 0.959 0.916 0.062 0.474 0.443 0.377 0.665 0.008 0.808 0.365 0.529 0.696 0.339 0.537 0.489 0.846 0.982 0.245 0.36 0.423 0.869 0.136 0.073 0.107 0.202 0.105 0.053 0.135 0.49 0.208 0.438 0.485 0.15 0.771 0.917 0.736 0.676 0.417 0.599 0.474 0.231 0.449 0.188 0.157 0.326 0.155 0.131 0.303 0.197 0.789 0.829 0.704 0.349 0.109 0.182 0.688 0.797 0.613 0.104 0.478 0.235 0.224 0.281 0.232 0.896 0.636 0.686 0.939 0.99 0.985 0.995 0.176 0.121 0.761 0.584 0.697 0.923 0.787 0.297 0.152 0.866 1 0.271 0.245 0.461 0.794 0.243 0.641 0.74 0.714 0.727 0.839 0.875 0.057 0.263 0.756 0.443 0.188 0.265 0.646 0.662 0.787 0.562 0.652 0.516 0.459 0.618 0.836 0.295 0.777 0.381 0.484 0.243 0.286 0.657 0.693 0.838 0.356 0.261 0.589 0.579 0.918 0.539 0.183 0.193 0.175 0.052 0.922 0.98 0.933 0.861 0.173 0.865 0.261 0.192 0.732 0.565 0.167 0.568 0.472 0.016 0.855 0.849 0.927 0.48 0.808 0.459 0.125 0.304 0.073 0.027 0.047 0.141 0.248 0.504 0.61 0.75 0.866 0.799 0.23 0.282 0.338 0.33 0.527 0.214 0.354 0.325 0.965 0.407 0.672 0.006 0.645 0.086 0.704 0.287 0.433 0.995 0.443 0.214 0.48 0.692 0.336 0.643 0.693 0.339 0.444 0.377 0.226 0.542 0.167 0.383 0.32 0.469 0.089 0.323 0.208 0.181 0.886 0.329 0.688 0.731 0.207 0.852 0.417 0.433 0.236 0.506 0.652 0.73 0.604 0.739 0.615 0.777 0.011 0.222 0.985 0.99 0.967 0.021 0.304 0.49 0.579 0.658 0.619 0.321 0.756 0.547 0.725 0.083 0.347 0.323 0.396 0.506 0.856 0.339 0.032 0.235 0.186 0.686 0.06 0.73 0.714 0.849 0.671 0.495 0.803 0.11 0.253 0.14 0.678 0.172 0.542 0.478 0.361 0.617 0.204 0.094 0.242 0.439 0.069 0.068 0.105 0.13 0.454 0.704 0.886 0.902 0.894 0.294 0.782 0.61 0.088 0.104 0 0.016 0.547 0.735 0.709 0.77 0.877 0.6 0.402 0.724 0.517 0.098 0.991 0.047 0.068 0.163 0.738 0.921 0.125 0.23 0.259 0.217 0.426 0.995 0.995 0.057 0.278 0.48 0.563 0.557 0.743 0.396 0.308 0.171 0.156 0.094 0.511 0.388 0.093 0.017 0.875 0.896 0.956 0.047 0.817 0.079 0.412 0.427 0.382 0.93 0.5 0.761 0.793 0.274 0.608 0.823 0.49 0.635 0.253 0.147 0.12 0.355 0.397 0.826 0.349 0.683 0.641 0.366 0.791 0.558 0.417 0.512 0.444 0.573 0.75 0.829 0.798 0.186 0.904 0.099 0.349 0.287 0.464 0.605 0.782 0.408 0.434 0.282 0.506 0.585 0.119 0.956 0.948 0.943 0.922 0.475 0.13 0.912 0.907 0.961 0.526 0.591 0.834 0.407 0.652 0.681 0 0.178 0.428 0.411 0.83 0.063 0.032 0.051 0.485 0.686 0.25 0.62 0.439 0.531 0.843 0.355 0.292 0.583 0.452 0.844 0.745 0.826 0.609 0.4 0.917 0.855 0.888 0.872 0.74 0.808 0.815 1 0.532 0.787 0.04 0.65 0.669 0.553 0.391 0.467 0.114 0.234 0.902 0.818 0.776 0.5 0.53 0.495 0.516 0.748 0.289 0.191 0.907 0.865 0.905 0.753 0.113 0.964 0.933 0.523 0.985 0.974 0.974 0.09 0.614 0.66 0.573 0.792 0.854 0.258 0.773 0.042 0.219 0.147 0.691 0.634 0.636 0.839 0.781 0.784 0.87 0.886 0.843 0.805 0.589 0.834 0.809 0.521 0.46 0.146 0.573 0.495 0.769 0.713 0.386 0.719 0.602 0.944 0.382 0.073 0.454 0.36 0.954 0.313 0.11 0.402 0.399 0.825 0.626 0.198 0.594 0.422 0.763 0.391 0.287 0.766 0.753 0.712 0.582 0.547 0.469 0.624 0.882 0.938 0.912 0.944 0.707 0.547 0.969 0.964 0.989 0.299 0.765 0.62 0.5 0.534 0.954 0.928 0.972 0.413 0.8 0.334 0.615 0.703 0.511 0.939 0.37 0.464 0.456 0.655 1 1 1 0.964 0.556 0.724 0.844 0.877 0.227 0.2 0.667 0.813 0.86 0.99 0.721 0.594 0.87 0.899 0.851 0.947 0.672 0.891 0.871 0.97 0.782 0.303 0.678 0.574 0.717 0.895 0.943 0.938 0.978 0.305 0.695 0.563 0.735 0.759 0.722 0.834 0.881 0.922 0.95 0.815 0.933 0.756 0.708 0.908 0.878 0.579 0.881 0.939 0.98 0.683 0.37 0.792 0.667 0.675 0.500 0.501 0.500 0.500 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% Fund General government General government ICR (revenue external debt (% of external debt (% of Sovereign debt excluding general government general government average maturity grants/interest Tax Revenue Gap, % total debt) domestic debt) (years) payment) of GDP 0.889 0.425 0.479 0.392 0.416 0.037 0.851 0.504 0.078 0.697 0.398 0.679 0.147 0.17 0.191 0.049 0.05 0.364 0.578 0.308 0.303 0.45 0.567 0.571 0.317 0.006 0.181 0.553 0.536 0.327 0.28 0.266 0.289 0.5 0.591 0.253 0 0.247 0 0.261 0.371 0.374 0.458 0.129 0.833 0.378 0.388 0.117 0.882 0.07 0.071 0.117 0.444 0.994 0.343 0.331 0.962 0.028 0.015 0.758 0.007 0 0.827 0.23 0.413 0.162 0.679 0.677 0.333 0.658 0.634 0.839 0.764 0.588 0.564 0.53 0.914 0.217 0.219 0.16 0.14 0.099 0.895 0.212 0.302 0.367 0.063 0.057 0.753 0.976 0.252 0.275 0.234 0.044 0.441 0.451 0.529 0.024 0.485 0.175 0.155 0.329 0.351 0.168 0.162 0.235 0.265 0.665 0.623 0.62 0.105 0.018 0.696 0.434 0.444 0.411 0.691 0.938 0.301 0.317 0.964 0.64 0.014 0.008 0.925 0.46 0.119 0.148 0.524 0.982 0.042 0.043 0.574 0.497 0.021 0.022 0.876 0.454 0.224 0.191 0.759 0.373 0.259 0.203 0.212 0.611 0.126 0.134 0.66 0.951 0.357 0.36 0.074 0.462 0.479 0.576 0.08 0.845 0.322 0.254 0.729 0.283 0.895 0.092 0.075 0.666 0.615 0.091 0.029 0.734 0.876 0.616 0.613 0.388 0.168 0.993 0.077 0.085 0.802 0.988 0.87 0.135 0.727 0 0.913 0.379 0.273 0.282 0.341 0.672 0.752 0.056 0.064 0.629 0.597 0.413 0.423 0.358 0.92 0.87 0.133 0.141 0.592 0.932 0.469 0.493 0.086 0.518 0.522 0.423 0.648 0.733 0.658 0.238 0.233 0.305 0.37 0.671 0.889 0.888 0.07 0.277 0.528 0.161 0.205 0.888 0.926 0.707 0.705 0.111 0.249 0.95 0.56 0.55 0.475 1 0.336 0.346 0.141 0.789 0.035 0.036 0.722 0.945 0.035 0.684 0.763 0.754 0.776 0.012 0.435 0.148 0.628 0.864 0.491 0.105 0.12 0.929 0.216 0.063 0.131 0.432 0.728 0.712 0.833 0.05 0.287 0.31 0.164 0.654 0.299 0.42 0.437 0.882 0.123 0.584 0.196 0.24 0.685 0.827 0.056 0.21 0.198 0.543 0.969 0.901 0.081 0.294 0.296 0.494 0.555 0.858 0.455 0.472 0.717 0.506 0.286 0.944 0.013 0.651 0.662 0.197 0.957 0.693 0.684 0.084 0.113 0.282 0.395 0.721 0.406 0.395 0.567 0.678 0.112 0.127 0.141 0.598 0.783 0.098 0.106 0.518 0.702 0.595 0.599 0.552 0.104 0.355 0.975 0.802 0.647 0.172 0.63 0.627 0.447 0.345 0.423 0.511 0.508 0.635 0.814 0.385 0.409 0.764 0.067 0.187 0.516 0.581 0.592 0.352 0.456 0.87 0.532 0.529 0.185 0.622 0.364 0.324 0.462 0.864 0.588 0.845 0.315 0.339 0.752 0.203 0.522 0.427 0.43 0.209 0.541 0.154 0.177 0.011 0.222 0.82 0.714 0.719 0.894 0.055 0.119 0.903 0.902 0.517 0.376 0.336 0.189 0.092 0.2 0.407 0.907 0.637 0.648 0.976 0.1 0.245 0.261 0.361 0.602 0.585 0.058 0.549 0.137 0.038 0.956 0.392 0.644 0.655 0.905 0.329 0.353 0.716 0.963 0.7 0.698 0.847 0.179 0.839 0.875 0.874 0.541 0.246 0.609 0.294 0.296 0.546 0.557 0.049 0.56 0.574 0.578 0.258 0.419 0.535 0.833 0.831 0.176 0.043 0.901 1 1 0.364 0.271 0.255 0.28 0.247 0 0.777 0.417 0.808 0.796 0.924 0.923 0.6 0.438 0.193 0.604 0.746 0.819 0.81 0.152 0.586 0.125 0.399 0.402 0.952 0.03 0.777 0.931 0.93 0.505 0.314 0.087 0.791 0.789 0.025 0.84 0.839 0.47 0.783 0.51 0.694 0.572 0.805 0.803 0.907 0.098 0.566 0.047 0.634 0.497 0.465 0.858 0.228 0.292 1 1 0.917 0.448 0.35 0.367 0.082 0.493 0.653 0.476 0.458 0.211 0.401 0.609 0.606 0.788 0.308 0.33 1 1 0.382 0.274 0.749 0.747 0.339 0.466 0.376 1 0.243 0.231 0.226 0.82 0.659 0.49 0.5 0.682 0.224 0.756 0.768 0.811 0.061 0.771 1 1 0.019 0.77 0.761 0.487 0.199 0.665 0.67 0.482 0.094 0.525 0.515 0.988 0.469 0.348 0.741 0.728 0.323 0.259 0.268 0.771 0.715 0.641 0.539 0.543 0.835 0.166 0.429 0.941 0.106 0.784 0.782 0.67 0.154 0.808 0.735 0.733 0.8 0.709 0.237 0.917 0.916 0.938 0.032 0.969 0.007 0.672 0.641 0.023 0.311 0.854 0.853 0.435 0.24 0.441 0.742 0.74 0.765 0.15 0.932 0.069 0.182 0.184 0.814 0.847 0.846 0.635 0.58 0.386 0.483 0.486 0.188 0.537 0.342 0.868 0.867 0.705 0.481 0.404 0.777 0.775 0.823 0.32 0.473 0.861 0.86 0.564 0.74 0.268 0.798 0.796 0.388 0.796 0.547 0.812 0.817 0.512 0.305 0.981 0.709 1 1 0.987 0.218 0.882 0.881 0.617 0.143 0.448 0.381 1 1 0.205 1 0.29 0.317 0.41 0.129 0.561 0.646 0.917 0.916 0.223 0.623 0.553 0.721 0.726 0.4 0.882 0.603 1 1 0.094 0.851 0.504 0.896 0.895 0.623 0.703 0.174 0.686 0.691 0.611 0.79 0.69 1 1 0.858 0.112 1 1 0.919 0.156 0.826 0.824 0.27 0.74 1 1 0.746 0.503 0.503 0.500 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% Funding of public spending Tax Revenue, % of GDP Tax Revenue Change VAT C Efficiency Grants (% of GDP) Grants (% of tax rev) 0.586 0.634 0.029 0.066 0.385 0.205 0.064 0.102 0.162 0.817 0.128 0.15 0.05 0.154 0.573 0.42 0.424 0.097 0.053 0.078 0.547 0.537 0.694 0.209 0.24 0.245 0.12 0.28 0.162 0.18 0.083 0.28 0.016 0.105 0.072 0.368 0.051 0.272 0.74 0.731 0.519 0.994 0 0.446 0.456 0.782 0.502 0.18 0.282 0.005 0.685 0.809 0.359 0.06 0.173 0.7 0.374 0.782 0.486 0.474 0.184 0.765 0.133 0.162 0.625 0.965 0.151 0.216 0.284 0.314 0.058 0.054 0.145 0.307 0.125 0.157 0.186 0.402 0.268 0.665 0.647 0.441 0.272 0.27 0.117 0.451 0.11 0.108 0.178 0.034 0.008 0.22 0.168 0.642 0.868 0.191 0.246 0.938 0.011 0.532 0.593 0.067 0.788 0.613 0.503 0.553 0.485 0.727 0.261 0.306 0.737 0.714 0.33 0.384 0.212 0.742 0.107 0.463 0.396 0.29 0.285 0.041 0.804 0.797 0.698 0.88 0.256 0.579 0.611 0.15 0.52 0.631 0.587 0.201 0.194 0.353 0.294 0.765 0.542 0.297 0.011 0.394 0.084 0.357 0.914 0.115 0.093 0.12 0.256 0.737 0.451 0.414 0.094 0.56 0.087 0.048 0.078 0.257 0.168 0.126 0.407 0.074 0.29 0.276 0.508 0.708 0.405 0.402 0.173 0.428 0.116 0.132 0.24 0.411 0.197 0.204 0.363 0.262 0.132 0.544 0.527 0.418 0.68 0.198 0.284 0.288 0.312 0.977 0.925 0.816 0.815 0.497 0.142 0.859 0.081 0.114 0.435 0.091 1 1 0.039 0.114 0.399 0.228 0.43 0.325 0.018 0.036 0.994 0.988 0.404 0.122 0.33 0.648 0.794 0.966 0.469 0.509 0.463 0.651 0.012 0.006 0.709 1 0.024 0.042 0.223 0.548 0.123 0.607 0.551 0.592 0.942 0.487 0.041 0.09 0.134 0.554 0.082 0.307 0.21 0.027 0.214 0.024 0.301 0.628 0.165 0.313 0.252 0.581 0.594 0.376 0.408 0.899 0.045 0.9 0.567 0.635 0.128 0.04 0.917 1 1 0.491 0.44 0.619 0.457 0.462 0.865 0.954 0.247 0.255 0.36 0.815 0.177 0.076 0.138 0.569 0.64 0.512 0.515 0.533 0.111 0.234 0.047 0.03 0.335 0.811 0.07 0.096 0.156 0.84 0.049 0.411 0.336 0.614 0.251 0.991 0.249 0.318 0.975 0.251 0.245 0.492 0.45 0.486 0.16 0.611 0.602 0.599 0.768 0.351 0.188 0.006 0.018 0.139 0.131 0.884 0.758 0.749 0.664 0.102 1 0.671 0.653 0.564 0.748 0.266 0.312 0.106 0.417 0.024 1 1 0.346 0.462 0.851 1 1 0.513 0.657 0.76 0.538 0.557 0.122 0.228 0.295 0.192 0.67 0 0.324 0.72 0.231 0.174 0.198 0.061 0.382 0.289 1 1 0.888 0.005 0.787 0.785 0.502 0.137 0.338 0.37 0.39 0.022 0.508 0.619 0.372 0.234 0.771 0.181 0.278 0.234 0.525 0.754 0.099 0.144 0.636 0.96 0.33 0.521 0.545 0.167 0.331 0.14 0.434 0.354 0.776 0.4 0.801 0.428 0.492 0.871 0.805 0.867 0.498 0.563 0.413 0.457 0.185 0.222 0.474 0.845 0.206 0 0 0.055 0.165 0.074 1 1 0.826 0.388 0.553 0.347 0.444 0.86 0.982 0.09 0.503 0.575 0.279 0.434 0.157 0.561 0.521 0.854 0.834 0.743 0.955 0.948 0.578 0.717 0.737 0.597 0.32 0.495 0.509 0.539 0.273 0.731 0.139 0.174 0.016 0.525 0.59 0.156 0.195 0.565 0.474 0.432 0.932 0.182 0.958 0.324 0.438 0.229 0.468 0.066 0.342 0.258 0.268 0.337 0.305 0.81 0.803 0.715 0.851 0.264 1 1 0.882 0.577 0.652 1 1 0.206 0.925 0.148 0.586 0.454 0.301 0.792 0.1 0.691 0.035 0.012 0.62 0.902 0.379 0.971 0.223 0.336 0.324 0.681 0.291 0.603 0.527 0.569 0.927 0.497 0.19 0.642 0.689 0.793 0.062 0.746 0.755 0.089 0.445 0.099 0.677 0.581 0.821 0.611 0.818 0.237 0.348 0.469 0.405 0.764 0.773 0.608 0.725 0.798 0.809 0.659 0.697 0.702 0.226 0.3 0.735 0.203 0.892 1 0.458 0.891 0.933 0.382 0.378 0.558 0.885 0.421 0.232 0.264 0.843 0.622 0.561 0.555 0.623 0.687 0.057 0.363 0.584 0.605 0.536 0.148 0.793 1 1 0.916 0.92 0.396 0.949 0.022 0.833 0.833 0.983 0.937 0.388 0.688 0.725 0.81 0.108 0.776 0.217 0.217 0.661 0.729 0.701 0.371 0.748 0.617 0.685 0.659 0.665 0.391 0.085 0.826 0.648 0.641 0.541 0.222 0.239 1 1 0.787 0.308 0.752 0.55 0.617 0.849 0.348 0.71 0.422 0.486 0.318 0.897 0.52 0.775 0.767 0.798 0.24 0.654 0.677 0.189 0.36 0.38 0.77 0.297 0.827 0.827 0.296 0.394 1 1 0.72 0.274 0.644 0.318 0.366 0.033 0.396 0.171 0.504 0.711 0.695 0.575 0.028 0.314 1 1 0.603 0.674 0.471 0.388 0.426 0.044 0.571 1 1 0.329 0.777 0.057 0.821 0.821 0.145 0.531 0.842 0.726 0.48 1 1 0.631 0.211 0.669 0.723 0.719 0.033 0.931 1 1 0 0.474 1 1 0.921 0.828 0.429 0.804 0.822 0.413 1 1 0.653 0.662 0.636 0.44 0.468 0.452 0.068 0.438 0.839 0.839 0.731 0.302 0.983 0.48 0.515 0.905 0.365 0.628 0.417 0.498 0.692 0.605 0.322 1 1 0.96 0.422 0.347 1 1 0.91 0.862 0.677 1 1 0.754 0.514 0.57 0.683 0.683 0.966 0.668 0.537 0.625 0.671 0.48 0.354 0.909 0.769 0.779 0.446 0.76 0.214 0.735 0.713 0.703 0.491 0.876 0.243 0.342 0.34 0.6 0.785 1 1 0.743 0.377 0.596 0.629 0.837 0.2 0.719 0.53 0.588 0.446 1 1 0.977 0.017 1 1 0.972 0.857 0.95 0.365 0.48 0.893 0.908 0.462 1 1 0.988 0.342 0.545 0.694 0.743 0.944 0.08 0.528 0.781 0.791 0.759 0.874 0.479 0.706 0.707 0.832 0.371 0.355 1 1 0.675 0.582 0.834 0.752 0.761 0.877 0.645 0.942 0.636 0.659 0.072 0.702 1 1 1 0.8 0.595 0.262 1 1 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.513 0.513 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% Standard deviation of general Standard deviation government revenue of tax revenue (% of Standard deviation Seigniorage (% of Inflation Tax (% of (% of GDP) GDP) of grants (% of GDP) GDP) GDP) 0.289 0.517 0.07 0.109 0.568 0.088 0.227 0.557 0.111 0.217 0.585 0.617 0.209 0.114 0.192 0.047 0.47 0.534 0.204 0.279 0.338 0.152 0.891 0.232 0.293 0.099 0.418 0.265 0.681 0.275 0.32 0.074 0.384 0.037 0.203 0.123 0.561 0.253 0.748 0.21 0.665 0.687 0.957 0.609 0.523 0.367 0.869 0.439 0.551 0.198 0.356 0.102 0.146 0.351 0.478 0.076 0.258 0.14 0.696 0.658 0.245 0.382 0.22 0.495 0.196 0.085 0.25 0.284 0.607 0.134 0.968 0.186 0.057 0.274 0.361 0.18 0.28 0.495 0.078 0.017 0.471 0.181 0.383 0.623 0.473 0.372 0.484 0.442 0.44 0.552 0.512 0.349 0.946 0.805 0.872 0.703 0.373 0.124 0.135 0.78 0.635 0.388 0.564 0.253 0.779 0.63 0.611 0.176 0.5 0.54 0.285 0.506 0.758 0.793 0.506 1 0.314 0.897 0.321 0.117 0.397 0.304 0.355 0.248 0.675 0.082 0.464 0.686 0.187 0.325 0.113 0.361 0.429 0.366 0.158 0.402 0.428 0.618 0.192 0.979 0.475 0.866 0.163 0.954 0.787 0.57 0.583 0.794 0.647 0.588 0.594 0.413 0.13 0.809 0.083 0.489 0.064 0.269 0.124 1 0.047 0.147 0.169 0.011 0.287 0.03 0.14 0.062 0.128 0.616 0.732 0.349 0.547 0.119 0.023 0.024 0 0 0.053 0.856 0.843 0.64 0.098 0.152 0.041 0.516 0.613 0.344 0.026 0.186 0.105 0.408 0.394 0.297 0.66 0.908 0.849 0.454 0.671 0.155 0.051 0.518 0.052 0.09 1 0.121 0.557 0.281 0.594 0.693 0.346 0.175 0.338 0.135 0.242 0.035 0.83 0.809 0.582 0.011 0.31 0.663 0.157 0.062 0.276 0.012 0.64 0.298 0.477 0.935 0.526 0.416 0.489 0.352 0.299 0.748 0.495 0.826 0.216 0.319 0.433 0.456 0.431 0.66 0.154 0.129 0.86 0.059 0.521 0.562 0.756 0.537 0.309 0.5 0.176 0.692 0.175 0.572 0.145 0.27 1 0.294 0.45 1 0.528 0.562 0.871 0.535 0.737 0.336 0.506 0.268 0.031 0.006 0.682 0.738 0.427 0.256 0.462 0.315 0.725 1 0.517 0.042 0.012 0.803 0.542 0.225 0.378 0.341 0.104 0.933 0.559 0.88 0.681 0.579 0.407 0.814 0.33 0.315 0.094 0.65 0.163 0.46 0.841 0.916 0.425 0.913 0.776 0.466 0.605 0.573 0.529 0.512 0.598 0.927 0.221 0.22 0.006 0.214 0 0.212 0.197 1 0.836 0.48 0.911 0.576 0.088 0.274 0.096 0.413 0.81 0.944 0.303 0.825 0.454 0.248 0.423 0.208 0.698 0.231 0.702 0.753 0.599 0.057 0.439 0.018 0.093 0.781 0.291 0.297 0.645 0.59 0.53 0.649 0.341 0.236 0.181 0.308 0.97 0.956 0.227 0.792 0.944 0.995 0.797 0.858 0.583 0.467 1 0.392 0.366 1 0.242 0.975 0.259 0.539 0.887 0.484 0.836 0.309 0.055 0.021 0.721 0.016 0.669 0.006 0.717 0.354 0.77 0.305 0.107 0.332 0.451 0.784 0.77 0.448 0.033 0.846 0.832 0.669 0.243 0.079 0.704 0.985 0.972 0.646 0.449 0.635 0.233 0.99 0.933 0.922 0.785 0.418 0.789 0.641 0.826 0.511 0.765 0.326 0.077 0.263 0.262 0.377 1 0.547 0.5 0.396 0.902 0.387 0.405 0.239 0.099 0.459 0.411 0.605 0.704 0.171 0.118 0.692 0.712 0 0.588 0.495 1 0.044 0.578 0.743 0.399 0.238 0.034 0.838 0.16 0.04 0.733 0.604 0.545 0.568 0.68 0.739 0.847 0.98 0.531 0.574 0.675 0.638 0.769 0.422 0.657 0.727 0.72 1 0.396 0.629 0.883 0.541 0.207 0.851 0.804 0.628 0.286 0.191 0.377 0.768 0.165 0.141 0.634 1 0.989 0.55 0.624 0.939 0.832 0.877 0.967 1 0.143 0.866 0.984 0.39 0.165 0.444 0.264 0.49 0.36 0.71 0.222 0.068 1 0.803 0.799 0.821 0.32 0.385 0.073 0.169 1 0.715 0.655 0.602 0.82 0.407 0.691 0.95 0.726 0.825 0.697 1 0.198 0.892 0.714 0.727 0.363 0.068 0.326 1 0.187 0.088 0.978 1 0.627 0.918 0.596 0.132 0.722 0.472 1 0.928 0.877 0.506 0.022 0.15 0.029 0.844 0.33 0.686 0.961 0.483 0.949 0.905 0.663 0.82 0.731 1 0.11 0.753 0.838 1 0.676 0.433 1 0.861 0.894 0.716 0.774 0.798 0.745 0.964 0.736 0.791 0.781 0.403 0.371 0.652 0.913 0.923 0.815 0.437 0.066 0.763 0.708 1 0.707 0.854 0.524 0.903 0.759 0.815 0.899 1 0.924 0.202 0.045 1 0.759 0.99 0.624 0.419 0.593 0.461 1 0.939 0.742 0.774 0.748 0.231 0.762 0.959 0.253 0.75 0.671 0.332 1 0.374 0.882 0.888 0.814 0.619 0.444 0.553 0.485 0.652 1 0.614 0.343 0.995 1 0.500 0.500 0.512 0.500 #DIV/0! TRUE TRUE TRUE 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% Perception of sustainability Foreign currency long-term sovereign EMBI spread (Dec Spread change (Dec debt ratings, index 2022) 2021 to Dec 2022) from 1-21 0.042 0.169 0.015 0 0 0.189 0.116 0.091 0.566 0.928 0.323 0.044 0.044 0.07 0.029 0.015 0.014 0.218 0.508 0.049 0.16 0.827 0.021 0.049 0.174 0.131 0.133 0.133 0.507 0.087 0.073 0.183 0.305 0.363 0.084 0.131 0.102 0.176 0.102 0.058 0.133 0.073 0.087 0.112 0.116 0.145 0.035 0.334 0.218 0.323 0.261 0.421 0.19 0.29 0.261 0.302 0.348 0.319 0.373 0.422 0.239 0.028 0.204 0.319 0.247 0.281 0 1 0 0.363 0.189 0.373 0.45 0.64 0.281 0.239 0.377 0.203 0.204 0.232 0.29 0.281 0.387 0.696 0.435 0.619 0.535 0.203 0.16 0.098 0.145 0.174 0.126 0.098 0.239 0.276 0.682 0.077 0.624 0.348 0.556 0.653 0.943 0.394 0.58 0.595 0.366 0.316 0.725 0.551 0.471 0.309 0.479 0.885 0.345 0.247 0.232 0.204 0.711 0.305 0.605 0.464 0.609 0.408 0.421 0.914 0.063 0.537 0.334 0.443 0.345 0.392 0.899 0.119 0.508 0.783 0.401 0.274 0.522 0.986 0.239 0.704 0.058 0.029 0.204 0.435 0.406 0.626 0.471 0.753 0.45 0.479 0.549 0.682 0.667 0.514 0.584 0.783 0.972 0.521 0.408 0.986 0.522 0.542 0.827 0.493 0.556 0.922 0.647 0.239 0.556 0.781 0.133 0.76 0.667 0.87 0.323 0.788 0.873 0.812 0.711 0.788 0.887 0.725 0.204 0.856 0.725 0.626 0.852 0.595 0.276 0.485 0.914 0.464 0.457 0.406 0.957 0.345 0.528 0.661 0.802 0.798 0.58 0.492 0.69 0.74 0.856 0.457 0.609 0.841 0.429 0.936 0.76 0.87 0.638 0.697 0.769 0.45 0.683 0.638 0.377 0.591 0.133 0.957 0.769 0.823 0.943 0.624 0.647 0.754 0.754 0.492 0.493 0.566 0.429 0.841 0.653 0.746 0.899 0.798 0.725 1 0.74 0.816 0.718 0.612 0.823 0.885 0.696 0.887 0.19 0.908 0.972 0.392 0.711 0.852 0.922 0.669 0.936 0.908 0.669 0.551 0.537 0.809 0.873 0.725 0.928 0.812 0.598 0.866 0.901 0.936 0.936 0.936 0.936 0.577 0.936 0.936 0.936 0.774 0.823 0.823 0.936 0.500 0.500 0.494 Public Expenditure and GDP per capita Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2000 to 2021 ISO Country region income TLS Timor-Leste Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC income MHL Upper middle income Marshall Islands EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DMA Dominica Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income High income FSM Micronesia Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC LSO Lesotho Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income PLW Palau Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Lower middle income LBY Libya NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Upper AFRICA middle income Upper middle income MNE Montenegro, Rep. of Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA VUT Vanuatu Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC region MDV Maldives SOUTH ASIA Upper middle income SRB Serbia Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA EAST ASIA AND PACI... UKR Ukraine Lower EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA EUROPE AND CENTR... BIH EUROPE AND CENTRAL Bosnia and Herzegovina Upper middle income ASIA IRQ Iraq NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Upper AFRICA middle income LATIN AMERICA AND... LBR Liberia Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MIDDLE EAST AND N... ERI Eritrea Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SLB Lower middle income Solomon Islands EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC SOUTH ASIA DZA Algeria NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MOZ Mozambique Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NAM Namibia Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTH AMERICA BRA Brazil Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income TON Tonga Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC BDI Burundi Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA RWA Rwanda Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ZMB Zambia Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BOL Bolivia Lower LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income ARG Argentina Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income AZE Azerbaijan Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA KGZ Kyrgyz Republic EUROPE AND CENTRAL Lower middle income ASIA MNG Mongolia Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC ECU Ecuador Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income MDA Moldova Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA CAF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Central African Republic Low income WBG West Bank and Gaza NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income CPV Cabo Verde Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BWA Botswana Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SSD South Sudan Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MAR Morocco NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income BLR Belarus Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA MKD North Macedonia EUROPE AND CENTRAL Upper middle income ASIA RUS Russia Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA AFG Afghanistan SOUTH ASIA Low income TUN Tunisia NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income BGR Bulgaria Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA SWZ Eswatini Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SLV El Salvador Lower LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income SLE Sierra Leone Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TJK Tajikistan Lower EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA ZAF South Africa Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA KIR Kiribati Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC TUV Tuvalu Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC SYR Syria NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Low AFRICA income LCA St. Lucia Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income CHN China Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC IND India SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income WSM Samoa Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC GEO Georgia Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA MLI Mali Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BLZ Belize Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income VCT Grenadines St. Vincent and the LATIN Upper AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income JAM Jamaica Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income BFA Burkina Faso Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NER Niger Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BTN Bhutan SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income COL Colombia Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income GMB Gambia, The Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NPL Nepal SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income NIC Nicaragua Lower LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income MWI Malawi Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA GNB Guinea-Bissau Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA KHM Cambodia Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC SEN Senegal Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA JOR Jordan NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Upper AFRICA middle income ALB Albania Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA GHA Ghana Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA HND Honduras Lower LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income FJI Fiji Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC MUS Mauritius Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA UZB Uzbekistan Lower EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA TGO Togo Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ARM Armenia Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA TUR Turkey Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA SUR Suriname Upper LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN THE middle income KEN Kenya Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DJI Djibouti NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income GUY Guyana LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN UGA Uganda SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income TCD Chad SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income COG Congo, Republic of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income PHL Philippines Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC PNG Papua New GuineaEAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Lower middle income STP SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA São Tomé and Príncipe Lower middle income MEX Mexico LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN PER Peru LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN GRD Grenada LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN PRY Paraguay LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN MDG Madagascar SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income AGO Angola SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income MMR Myanmar Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC EGY Egypt NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income COM Comoros SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income BEN Benin SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income CIV Côte d'Ivoire SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income GIN Guinea SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income PAK Pakistan SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income THA Thailand Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC TZA Tanzania SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income ZWE Zimbabwe SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income VNM Vietnam Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC CMR Cameroon SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income MYS Malaysia Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC MRT Mauritania SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income COD Republic of the Congo, DemocraticSUB-SAHARAN Low income AFRICA KAZ Kazakhstan EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Upper middle income ETH Ethiopia SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income LAO Lao P.D.R. Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DOM Dominican Republic LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN LKA Sri Lanka SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income CRI Costa Rica LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN LBN Lebanon NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income YEM Yemen MIDDLE EAST AND Low income NORTH AFRICA GAB Gabon SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Upper middle income IDN Indonesia Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC GTM Guatemala LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN SOM Somalia SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income BGD Bangladesh SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income HTI Haiti LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Lower income CARIBBEAN NGA Nigeria SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Lower middle income SDN Sudan SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income GNQ Equatorial Guinea SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Upper middle income VEN Venezuela LATIN AMERICA AND THE middle Upper income CARIBBEAN IRN Iran NORTH MIDDLE EAST AND Lower AFRICA middle income TKM Turkmenistan Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA UVK Kosovo Upper EUROPE AND CENTRAL middle income ASIA Average Num of obs 25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile Sources: WEO Methodology: Random effect model with dummies of year and small isl Expenditure state (SIDS). Public expenditure as dependent variable an controlling for GDP per capita as independent variable. per capital, residuals This is because public expenditure tends to vary by incom Actual Ex (% of GDP) (% of GDP) 93.26 0.986 Figure: Public Expenditure and GDP per Capita during 198 60.54 1.346 39.44 2.875 61.36 -1.842 50.39 5.533 46.11 0.158 43.89 4.479 45.33 0.216 28.48 0.222 33.16 0.190 41.80 0.154 43.16 1.081 45.90 -0.757 47.98 0.292 24.02 -0.053 50.61 -3.115 35.41 3.542 37.36 1.782 26.35 0.961 34.42 0.773 38.22 -0.303 29.67 0.358 32.02 2.182 23.87 0.996 24.32 -0.059 35.41 3.229 33.03 2.158 30.38 1.690 33.28 -0.352 33.43 -0.931 32.15 1.731 34.70 -1.347 15.65 -1.663 31.73 0.030 32.53 -2.237 38.63 0.024 32.85 0.119 28.00 1.966 42.94 0.175 33.22 -0.045 33.63 -0.378 21.91 -0.101 26.56 -0.134 34.92 0.052 29.75 4.162 25.66 1.756 19.69 -0.111 25.31 0.490 27.45 -0.040 99.60 2.587 96.96 1.432 27.85 24.66 1.550 25.50 2.330 27.57 0.197 30.63 -0.171 25.98 0.888 21.19 -0.096 24.96 0.134 28.29 1.149 30.36 1.760 21.88 1.098 18.08 0.612 37.20 -3.832 29.81 4.148 16.08 -0.167 17.29 -0.154 23.75 -0.075 19.19 -0.129 19.79 2.111 19.32 0.402 21.19 1.053 33.55 -1.977 30.38 -0.751 18.42 3.559 26.26 1.538 27.55 0.002 24.07 -0.015 27.12 -1.458 16.44 0.633 24.83 -0.100 35.28 0.059 25.45 0.451 20.46 1.371 26.99 -0.629 25.04 0.379 15.41 -0.206 18.06 0.094 28.73 0.241 19.75 -0.189 21.17 -0.841 36.25 0.045 25.30 1.029 21.04 -0.122 27.26 0.254 18.20 1.724 14.79 -0.553 32.14 -1.219 17.70 -0.637 30.49 0.118 15.13 -2.241 15.52 -0.914 15.43 -0.183 15.60 0.283 17.24 -0.121 21.49 -0.368 17.05 0.282 16.96 -0.205 21.63 0.194 16.24 -0.171 25.89 -0.056 20.21 -0.156 11.15 0.961 22.00 -0.135 19.36 -0.602 19.40 -0.134 17.05 0.017 19.40 -1.751 18.10 0.185 32.00 -1.730 27.29 -0.358 21.78 -1.917 17.76 0.522 13.67 -0.055 4.10 -0.798 11.31 -0.272 10.70 0.157 16.11 -1.085 14.92 -2.534 22.38 -0.687 29.47 -0.925 16.70 -2.184 11.11 -0.831 24.83 -0.068 28.240 0.256 196 195 21.18210227 -0.569 29.09665909 -0.040 37.551 0.737 mies of year and small island develeping as dependent variable and log of GDP re tends to vary by income level. DP per Capita during 1980-2021, Country and year observations Debt Stabilizing Primary balance Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2017 to 2021 Sustainability gap, primary balance, country-specific conditions, % of GD Select Country Code Country IMF Country Code Country groupGeographical region UGA 746 Uganda EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa Income group, as... TCD 628 Chad EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa High income LBN 446 Lebanon EMDEs Middle East and North Africa BRA 223 Brazil EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean Low income JPN 158 Japan East Asia and Pacific Advanced economies Lower middle income BLZ 339 Belize EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean Upper middle income BFA 748 Burkina Faso EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa ARG 213 Argentina EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean MDV 556 Maldives EMDEs South Asia Geographical reg... ZMB 754 Zambia EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia and Pacific CIV 662 Cote d'Ivoire EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa GHA 652 Ghana EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa Europe and Central ... GBR 112 United Kingdom Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies Latin America and t... BEN 638 Benin EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa SLV 253 El Salvador EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and No... IND 534 India EMDEs South Asia North America FRA 132 France Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies HRV 960 Croatia EMDEs Europe and Central Asia South Asia USA North America 111 United States Advanced economies Sub-Saharan Africa SEN 722 Senegal EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa SVK Advanced economies 936 Slovak Republic Europe and Central Asia ECU 248 Ecuador EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean LKA 524 Sri Lanka EMDEs South Asia MMR 518 Myanmar EMDEs East Asia and Pacific VUT 846 Vanuatu EMDEs East Asia and Pacific CZE Europe and Central Asia 935 Czech RepublicAdvanced economies GEO 915 Georgia EMDEs Europe and Central Asia CRI 238 Costa Rica EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean HND 268 Honduras EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean PRT 182 Portugal Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies ARM 911 Armenia EMDEs Europe and Central Asia MUS 684 Mauritius EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa MOZ 688 Mozambique EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa KEN 664 Kenya EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa GTM 258 Guatemala EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean BOL 218 Bolivia EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean SVN 961 Slovenia Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies JOR 439 Jordan EMDEs Middle East and North Africa AUS 193 Australia East Asia and Pacific Advanced economies GRC 174 Greece Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies TGO 742 Togo EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa TZA 738 Tanzania EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa AUT 122 Austria Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies ESP 184 Spain Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies BLR 913 Belarus EMDEs Europe and Central Asia EGY 469 EMDEs Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East and North Africa NER 692 Niger EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa TUN 744 Tunisia EMDEs Middle East and North Africa PAK 564 Pakistan EMDEs South Asia FIN 172 Finland Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies ROU 968 Romania EMDEs Europe and Central Asia DEU 134 Germany Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies CHE 146 Europe and Central Asia Switzerland Advanced economies POL 964 Poland EMDEs Europe and Central Asia HUN 944 Hungary EMDEs Europe and Central Asia SRB 942 Serbia EMDEs Europe and Central Asia LTU 946 Lithuania Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies VNM 582 Vietnam EMDEs East Asia and Pacific COL 233 Colombia EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean IRQ 433 Iraq EMDEs Middle East and North Africa MLI 678 Mali EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa NLD 138 Europe and Central Asia Netherlands Advanced economies TTO 369 EMDEs Trinidad & Tobago Latin America and the Caribbean CAN 156 Canada North America Advanced economies PRY 288 Paraguay EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean FJI 819 Fiji EMDEs East Asia and Pacific BGD 513 Bangladesh EMDEs South Asia MAR 686 Morocco EMDEs Middle East and North Africa UKR 926 Ukraine EMDEs Europe and Central Asia SWE 144 Sweden Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies DZA 612 Algeria EMDEs Middle East and North Africa ZAF 199 South Africa EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa ISR 436 Israel Middle East and North Africa Advanced economies ITA 136 Italy Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies NGA 694 Nigeria EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa CYP 423 Cyprus Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies MEX 273 Mexico EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean NPL 558 Nepal EMDEs South Asia CMR 622 Cameroon EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa LVA 941 Latvia Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies MLT 181 Malta Middle East and North Africa Advanced economies PNG 853 EMDEs Papua New Guinea East Asia and Pacific MNG 948 Mongolia EMDEs East Asia and Pacific NAM 728 Namibia EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa DNK 128 Denmark Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies TUR 186 Turkey EMDEs Europe and Central Asia PAN 283 Panama EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean DOM 243 EMDEs Dominican Republic Latin America and the Caribbean CHN 924 China EMDEs East Asia and Pacific CHL 228 Chile EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean BWA 616 Botswana EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa BEL 124 Belgium Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies IRL 178 Ireland Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies HKG 532 Hong Kong SAR, China economies Advanced East Asia and Pacific ISL 176 Iceland Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies MYS 548 Malaysia EMDEs East Asia and Pacific LUX 137 Europe and Central Asia Luxembourg Advanced economies THA 578 Thailand EMDEs East Asia and Pacific IDN 536 Indonesia EMDEs East Asia and Pacific PER 293 Peru EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean KOR 542 East Asia and Pacific Korea, Rep. Advanced economies NZL 196 East Asia and Pacific New Zealand Advanced economies ETH 644 Ethiopia EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa PHL 566 Philippines EMDEs East Asia and Pacific BGR 918 Bulgaria EMDEs Europe and Central Asia EST 939 Estonia Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies URY 298 Uruguay EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean SYC 718 Seychelles EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa SAU 456 Saudi Arabia EMDEs Middle East and North Africa KAZ 916 Kazakhstan EMDEs Europe and Central Asia GAB 646 Gabon EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa RUS 922 EMDEs Russian Federation Europe and Central Asia AGO 614 Angola EMDEs Sub-Saharan Africa NOR 142 Norway Europe and Central Asia Advanced economies AZE 912 Azerbaijan EMDEs Europe and Central Asia JAM 343 Jamaica EMDEs Latin America and the Caribbean Average pecific conditions, % of GDP pbsusgap0 Gap between actual and debt stabilizing primary Income group, as of July balance 1, 2022 Distribution of sustain Low income -7.852303782 40 Bin Range Low income -3.070482183 35 -10 ~-10 Lower middle income -6.320915014 -8 -10~-8 30 Upper middle income -8.23406467 -6 -8~-6 High income -5.130850511 25 -4 -6~-4 Upper middle income -6.091222047 20 -2 -4~-2 Low income -4.961249844 0 -2~0 15 Upper middle income -5.502001992 2 0~2 10 Upper middle income -5.208388561 4 2~4 Low income -7.043908792 5 6 4~6 Lower middle income -5.419405203 0 8 6~8 Lower middle income -3.195651774 ~-10 -10~-8 10 8~10 -8~-6 -6~-4 -4~-2 High income -3.903189975 Lower middle income -2.936867601 Lower middle income -1.852129521 Lower middle income -0.759848896 High income -3.864955279 High income -0.252004467 High income -5.54471089 Lower middle income -3.805471751 High income -0.867753214 Upper middle income -3.651034985 Lower middle income -2.402129696 Lower middle income -1.800939985 Lower middle income 1.928054119 High income -0.619460139 Upper middle income -2.957241486 Upper middle income -3.280015008 Lower middle income -1.571949376 High income 0.462902997 Upper middle income -0.449572954 Upper middle income -3.436336865 Low income 1.131443914 Lower middle income -4.16082791 Upper middle income -1.003646001 Lower middle income -6.838668085 High income -0.242990536 Upper middle income -1.511090685 High income -3.526050542 High income 0.270761747 Low income 0.397291541 Lower middle income -0.568929388 High income -1.928053425 High income -1.918868119 Upper middle income 3.013573428 Lower middle income 1.293016828 Low income -3.237228533 Lower middle income -2.575537818 Lower middle income -1.543668235 High income -2.163474751 High income -3.258187835 High income -0.66609469 High income -0.208658872 High income 0.081698208 High income -1.139944495 Upper middle income 0.848964128 High income 0.343026792 Lower middle income 0.47648127 Upper middle income -2.640519142 Upper middle income 4.00835404 Low income -2.131335005 High income 0.463978368 High income -6.040973019 High income -2.62360298 Upper middle income -3.26784196 Upper middle income -3.519884624 Lower middle income -1.664731782 Lower middle income -2.419821912 Lower middle income 1.343348363 High income 0.167839634 Lower middle income -7.803010955 Upper middle income -1.517455018 High income -2.036420605 High income -2.572079323 Lower middle income -3.709084988 High income 1.835483142 Upper middle income 1.120832926 Lower middle income -2.609814212 Lower middle income -2.394823437 High income -0.378416266 High income 0.648553483 Lower middle income -2.312904972 Lower middle income 5.817350388 Upper middle income -1.597092967 High income 1.317929664 Upper middle income -1.088694606 High income -2.126920713 Upper middle income 0.830853616 Upper middle income -2.973748622 High income -3.582231903 Upper middle income -4.459010751 High income -2.262129626 High income 2.050801836 High income -2.045242463 High income 0.848111978 Upper middle income 0.920044204 High income 0.858827791 Upper middle income -1.059917758 Lower middle income -0.815031564 Upper middle income -1.946460993 High income 0.440357116 High income -1.187113477 Low income 4.53616767 Lower middle income -0.328127797 Upper middle income -0.107456946 High income -1.370226496 High income 3.240702248 High income -2.012636538 High income -5.124630632 Upper middle income -2.158986233 Upper middle income 0.346939785 Upper middle income 1.66313868 Lower middle income 9.06696316 High income 3.771216791 Upper middle income 3.908496064 Upper middle income 7.153052868 -1.446 Source: A cross-country database of fiscal space Primary balance sustainability gap is the difference betwee government’s intertemporary budget constraint. Distribution of sustainability gap Note: The gaps for Aregentina and Brazil are raplaced with region to ensure consistency with reality. Frequency 0 1 7 9 35 30 Worksheet Order Variable Name 24 1 pbsusgap0 5 2 pbsusgap1 3 3 pbsusgap2 1 4 pbsusgap3 -4~-2 1 -2~0 0~2 2~4 4~6 6~8 8~10 5 pbsusgap4 Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02615 tabase of fiscal space ility gap is the difference between the primary balance and the debt ary budget constraint. tina and Brazil are raplaced with MFMod estimation of difference between primary balance and debt stabilizing cy with reality. Indicator Type Government debt sustainability Government debt sustainability Government debt sustainability Government debt sustainability Government debt sustainability primary balance and the debt-stabilizing primary balance (pbsusgap), derived from the od estimation of difference between primary balance and debt stabilizing balance for LAS Series Name Sustainability gap, primary balance, country-specific conditions, % of GDP Sustainability gap, primary balance, historical conditions, % of GDP Sustainability gap, primary balance, current conditions, % of GDP Sustainability gap, primary balance, stressed conditions, % of GDP Sustainability gap, primary balance, benign conditions, % of GDP Funding Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2010 to 2020 ISO Country Region Income Group GRC Greece High income Europe and Central Asia Income Group PRT Portugal High income Europe and Central Asia High income HRV Croatia High income Europe and Central Asia SVN Slovenia High income Europe and Central Asia Low income HND Honduras Latin America and the Lower Caribbean middle income Lower middle inco... ESP Spain High income Europe and Central Asia SLV El Salvador Latin America and the Lower Caribbean middle income Upper middle inco... BEL Belgium High income Europe and Central Asia Region ALB Albania Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income ITA Italy High income Europe and Central Asia East Asia & Pacific SVK Europe and Central Slovak Republic Asia High income East Asia and Pacific SRB Serbia Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income FRA France High income Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central... IRL Ireland High income Europe and Central Asia Latin America and ... USA United States High income North America GEO Georgia Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income Middle East and N... ARM Armenia Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income North America LTU High income Lithuania Europe and Central Asia JPN Japan High East Asia and income Pacific South Asia MUS Mauritius Sub-SaharanUpperAfrica middle income Sub-Saharan Africa HUN Hungary High income Europe and Central Asia AUT Austria High income Europe and Central Asia OECD KEN Kenya Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower Non-OECD CIV Africa middle income Cote d'IvoireSub-SaharanLower FIN Finland High income Europe and Central Asia OECD UKR Ukraine Lower middle Europe and Central Asia income UGA Uganda Africa Sub-SaharanLow income POL Poland High income Europe and Central Asia DOM Latin America Dominican Republic and the Upper Caribbean middle income DEU High income Germany Europe and Central Asia ARG Argentina Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income CRI Costa Rica Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income LBN Lebanon and North Middle East Lower Africa middle income BRA Brazil Upper Latin America middle and the income Caribbean IND India South Asia Lower middle income COL Colombia Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income URY Uruguay High Latin America and the Caribbean income GBR Europe and Central United Kingdom Asia High income CAN Canada High income North America AUS Australia High East Asia and income Pacific LVA Latvia High income Europe and Central Asia IDN Indonesia East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income NPL Nepal South Asia Lower middle income BLR Belarus Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income PRY Paraguay Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income ZAF Africa middle income South Africa Sub-SaharanUpper EGY Middle East Lower Egypt, Arab Rep. middle and North income Africa NLD High income Netherlands Europe and Central Asia NOR Norway High income Europe and Central Asia MYS Malaysia Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income CHN China Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income ROU Romania High income Europe and Central Asia MDA Moldova Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income NZL New ZealandEast Asia and Pacific High income GTM Guatemala Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income THA Thailand Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income MEX Mexico Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income BIH Europe and Central Bosnia & Herzegovina Asia income Upper middle TUR Turkey Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income KOR Korea, Rep. East Asia and Pacific High income CZE Europe and Central Czech Republic Asia High income SWE Sweden High income Europe and Central Asia AZE Upper middle Azerbaijan Europe and Central Asia income PHL Philippines East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income NGA Nigeria Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower DNK High income Denmark Europe and Central Asia CHE High income Switzerland Europe and Central Asia MLT Malta and North Middle East High incomeAfrica PER Peru Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income CHL Chile High Latin America and the Caribbean income BGR Bulgaria Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income XKX Kosovo Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income RUS Europe and Central Russian Federation Asia income Upper middle KAZ Upper middle Kazakhstan Europe and Central Asia income MNG Mongolia East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income SYC Seychelles Sub-SaharanHigh income Africa SEN Senegal Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower SGP Singapore East Asia and Pacific High income CPV Africa middle income Cabo Verde Sub-SaharanLower MOZ MozambiqueSub-SaharanLow income Africa CYP Cyprus High income Europe and Central Asia NRU Nauru High East Asia and income Pacific LKA Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income AGO Angola Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower ISL Iceland High income Europe and Central Asia TON Tonga Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income KGZ Europe and Central Kyrgyz Republic Asia income Lower middle PAK Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income TZA Tanzania Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower VEN Venezuela, RB Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income MMR Myanmar East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income GHA Ghana Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower ISR Israel and North Middle East High incomeAfrica LCA St. Lucia Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income ZMB Zambia Africa Sub-SaharanLow income BRB Barbados Latin America and High the Caribbean income JAM Jamaica Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income VNM Vietnam Lower East Asia and middle income Pacific NAM Namibia Africa middle income Sub-SaharanUpper JOR Jordan and North Middle East Upper Africa middle income BGD Bangladesh South Asia Lower middle income WSM Samoa Lower East Asia and middle income Pacific IRQ Iraq and North Middle East Upper Africa middle income ECU Ecuador Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income TTO Latin America Trinidad & Tobago and High the Caribbean income BOL Bolivia Lower Latin America middle and the income Caribbean GAB Gabon Africa middle income Sub-SaharanUpper TUN Tunisia and North Middle East Lower Africa middle income NIC Nicaragua Latin America and the Lower Caribbean middle income ETH Ethiopia Africa Sub-SaharanLow income BLZ Belize Upper Latin America and the Caribbean middle income MAR Morocco and North Middle East Lower Africa middle income RWA Rwanda Africa Sub-SaharanLow income MKD Europe and Central North Macedonia Asia income Upper middle CMR Cameroon Sub-SaharanLower Africa middle income PAN Panama High Latin America and the Caribbean income ARE Middle East High United Arab Emirates income and North Africa SMR High income San Marino Europe and Central Asia KIR Kiribati Lower East Asia and middle income Pacific AFG Afghanistan South Asia Low income LUX High income Luxembourg Europe and Central Asia EST Estonia High income Europe and Central Asia UZB Lower middle Uzbekistan Europe and Central Asia income TLS Timor-Leste East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income HKG EastChina Hong Kong SAR, High Asia and income Pacific IMN High income Isle of Man Europe and Central Asia LIE Liechtenstein High income Europe and Central Asia AND Andorra High income Europe and Central Asia HTI Haiti Lower Latin America middle and the income Caribbean ATG Latin America Antigua & Barbuda and High the Caribbean income BHS Bahamas, The Latin America and High the Caribbean income ABW Aruba Latin America and High the Caribbean income BMU Bermuda North America High income DMA Dominica Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income GRD Grenada Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income GUY Guyana Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income CUW Curacao Latin America and High the Caribbean income PRI Puerto Rico Latin America and High the Caribbean income KNA Latin America St. Kitts & Nevis and High the Caribbean income VCT St. Vincent &Latin the Grenadines America Upper and the Caribbean middle income SUR Suriname Latin America and the Upper Caribbean middle income CYM Cayman IslandsLatin America and High the Caribbean income TCA Turks & CaicosLatin Islands America High and the Caribbean income BHR Bahrain and North Middle East High incomeAfrica IRN Middle East Lower Iran, Islamic Rep. middle and North income Africa KWT Kuwait and North Middle East High incomeAfrica OMN Oman and North Middle East High incomeAfrica QAT Qatar and North Middle East High incomeAfrica SYR Middle East Low Syrian Arab Republic income and North Africa YEM Yemen, Rep.Middle East Low income and North Africa PSE Gaza East Lower West Bank &Middle middle and North income Africa BTN Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income BRN East Asia and Brunei Darussalam Pacific High income KHM Cambodia East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income LAO Lao PDR East Asia and Pacific Lower middle income MAC East Asia and Macao SAR, China Pacific High income MDV Maldives South Asia Upper middle income PLW Palau East Asia and Pacific Upper middle income DJI Djibouti and North Middle East Lower Africa middle income DZA Algeria and North Middle East Lower Africa middle income BWA Botswana Sub-SaharanUpper Africa middle income BDI Burundi Sub-SaharanLow income Africa CAF Sub-Saharan Central African Rep. Africa Low income TCD Chad Sub-SaharanLow income Africa COM Comoros Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower COG Congo, Rep. Sub-SaharanLowerAfrica middle income COD Rep. Congo, Dem.Sub-Saharan Africa Low income BEN Benin Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower GNQ Sub-SaharanUpper Equatorial Guinea Africa middle income ERI Eritrea Sub-SaharanLow income Africa GMB Gambia, TheSub-SaharanLow income Africa GNB Guinea-Bissau Sub-SaharanLow income Africa GIN Guinea Sub-SaharanLow income Africa LSO Lesotho Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower LBR Liberia Sub-SaharanLow income Africa LBY Libya and North Middle East Upper Africa middle income MDG Madagascar Sub-SaharanLow income Africa MWI Malawi Sub-SaharanLow income Africa MLI Mali Sub-SaharanLow income Africa MRT Mauritania Sub-SaharanLowerAfrica middle income NER Niger Sub-SaharanLow income Africa ZWE Zimbabwe Sub-SaharanLower Africa middle income STP Sub-SaharanLower Sao Tome & Principe Africa middle income SLE Sierra Leone Sub-SaharanLow income Africa SOM Somalia Sub-SaharanLow income Africa SDN Sudan Sub-SaharanLow income Africa SSD South SudanSub-SaharanLow income Africa SWZ Eswatini Africa middle income Sub-SaharanLower TGO Togo Sub-SaharanLow income Africa BFA Burkina FasoSub-SaharanLow income Africa SLB East Asia and Solomon Islands Pacific Lower middle income VUT Vanuatu Lower East Asia and Pacificmiddle income PNG East Asia and Papua New Guinea Pacific Lower middle income MHL East Asia and Marshall Islands Pacific Upper middle income FSM East States Micronesia, Fed. Lower Asia and Pacificmiddle income TUV Tuvalu Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income TJK Lower middle Tajikistan Europe and Central Asia income TKM Turkmenistan Upper middle Europe and Central Asia income CUB Cuba Upper Latin America middle and the income Caribbean MNE Upper middle MontenegroEurope and Central Asia income SAU and North Saudi Arabia Middle East High incomeAfrica FJI Fiji Upper East Asia and Pacificmiddle income TWN Taiwan, China High income East Asia & Pacific Average 1. Debt Burden, composition, and duration General government General government Debt (% of General external debt (% of external debt (% of General Government Government Debt (% of Tax general government general government Debt (% of GDP) Revenue Revenue) total debt) domestic debt) 180.0 379.2 704.5 1.08 1.1 124.5 289.4 512.8 2.50 2.6 74.9 169.6 301.8 39.73 66.7 67.2 150.6 308.1 13.30 17.0 36.6 147.6 236.5 69.23 236.6 95.7 247.1 438.1 0.57 0.6 68.1 288.5 394.5 53.53 115.9 103.9 203.0 343.4 1.71 1.7 68.5 261.1 360.7 43.64 78.0 132.8 282.9 456.6 1.36 1.4 50.5 130.0 280.9 5.62 6.1 56.1 140.9 245.2 58.53 141.5 94.8 180.5 333.9 85.2 286.9 406.6 0.04 0.0 106.8 351.3 557.8 0.00 0.0 36.9 139.1 156.8 78.34 363.1 45.0 202.2 252.4 81.01 440.6 39.1 117.1 37.15 65.6 230.3 709.5 0.07 0.1 64.4 309.5 353.5 21.86 28.2 75.3 166.2 303.1 33.64 52.6 80.4 164.1 292.2 2.88 3.0 47.7 275.3 331.0 49.38 98.4 34.9 257.1 311.0 60.79 170.4 62.9 118.5 206.8 9.53 10.7 57.1 140.2 216.7 72.75 501.1 28.6 234.4 277.6 59.79 154.6 52.8 132.8 254.8 48.57 98.0 47.8 339.1 373.2 55.31 124.4 71.8 158.9 313.8 2.37 2.4 59.1 175.2 255.2 62.80 176.0 42.7 315.8 336.8 21.36 27.3 144.7 707.7 993.0 40.02 67.8 74.0 210.5 314.5 14.45 17.0 70.9 365.3 425.5 4.48 4.7 46.2 164.0 239.0 30.69 44.6 53.9 197.7 306.6 85.6 236.3 0.00 0.0 91.3 229.9 329.5 11.78 13.4 36.5 106.1 132.2 0.26 0.3 40.7 111.4 142.3 26.46 46.9 27.9 187.2 246.2 48.06 98.9 31.4 169.5 218.6 60.04 151.1 45.8 118.8 186.3 18.9 104.3 193.4 45.9 180.2 207.9 9.78 10.9 81.9 401.5 652.8 14.38 17.1 60.2 141.0 264.0 0.95 1.0 36.5 66.3 123.4 0.00 0.0 56.0 255.9 27.91 38.9 46.7 168.3 271.3 3.17 3.3 37.9 125.5 224.2 49.55 98.6 32.7 106.7 172.0 66.33 213.5 33.7 90.3 110.6 25.6 225.1 239.7 48.17 93.9 42.3 197.6 249.6 5.65 6.0 50.3 209.4 426.4 31.27 46.2 39.9 93.4 180.0 73.13 284.0 32.1 101.9 182.2 36.45 58.4 38.9 181.4 276.2 1.13 1.1 38.0 93.0 191.9 15.70 18.9 39.9 81.5 99.8 20.71 26.6 13.6 37.0 96.2 42.1 230.6 305.1 42.59 76.4 21.9 269.5 453.2 40.4 75.2 86.8 5.40 6.0 41.6 127.3 205.4 0.00 0.0 56.9 151.4 225.9 0.00 0.0 24.7 123.4 165.2 43.86 81.0 18.9 82.0 97.3 19.57 24.4 20.5 61.2 102.3 64.88 232.3 13.0 49.0 56.7 49.93 135.4 13.6 40.2 55.1 23.65 31.1 17.1 84.9 102.9 67.6 235.1 70.0 192.8 230.9 53.44 117.8 48.1 249.2 306.7 60.69 230.9 109.7 627.9 840.1 0.00 0.0 110.6 428.5 579.0 74.20 290.1 79.1 296.7 402.3 85.04 596.2 92.2 241.2 384.8 0.00 0.0 111.2 147.4 781.4 75.5 641.9 64.9 281.3 305.2 63.95 190.7 100.1 223.4 313.4 47.6 137.8 254.9 86.91 685.2 56.4 169.9 292.9 90.50 1098.3 61.8 489.5 628.3 34.05 52.7 35.8 242.0 306.9 73.65 288.5 129.8 1602.0 2553.3 40.0 266.5 780.4 50.3 367.4 433.9 52.17 110.4 64.4 180.6 256.1 15.28 18.1 62.8 295.9 337.5 48.95 96.1 56.1 295.3 372.7 56.10 137.4 132.9 488.2 527.8 113.6 411.6 493.0 54.76 127.8 42.0 219.6 281.0 48.91 99.9 39.1 119.7 126.8 38.91 65.3 73.9 303.2 479.7 37.39 60.6 29.6 344.7 408.9 42.53 75.9 48.2 169.5 96.32 3940.7 50.4 141.4 3981.0 35.9 108.8 253.5 64.00 187.4 33.4 133.0 150.0 46.5 146.0 182.0 44.28 79.8 45.5 230.8 374.7 73.46 316.4 57.8 241.9 274.4 73.54 303.3 33.1 134.3 201.2 49.0 337.8 436.4 52.79 112.4 72.0 309.9 363.2 57.6 230.4 282.5 22.05 28.3 34.7 148.0 233.3 76.14 323.7 37.0 128.8 68.60 223.6 27.9 187.1 238.6 65.68 207.6 39.8 196.4 429.8 80.04 430.2 21.6 70.6 152.7 34.7 154.6 15.6 12.6 91.8 7.6 30.5 96.6 21.2 49.5 81.4 0.00 0.0 9.8 25.1 46.7 0.00 0.0 13.8 52.9 84.9 4.1 8.2 59.5 0.3 1.6 9.59 10.8 39.5 112.9 22.2 213.4 325.1 69.81 283.9 92.2 444.0 545.5 50.0 325.4 369.8 73.6 320.5 368.4 80.3 203.4 341.8 65.76 202.5 85.6 353.7 444.5 69.91 238.1 45.2 208.4 266.0 70.71 253.7 51.3 249.8 82.6 253.1 453.1 70.8 265.9 314.0 67.60 210.0 53.4 266.8 382.9 68.0 331.5 5835.3 30.3 253.7 512.0 8.6 14.7 694.0 24.8 80.8 803.6 43.0 112.1 993.6 30.0 144.0 236.3 66.6 816.8 2115.2 36.42 58.2 37.8 144.2 186.7 23.52 32.7 98.2 313.9 659.2 2.5 9.2 18.4 30.4 152.1 55.6 320.0 461.5 90.07 1016.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.1 271.6 410.3 42.53 76.9 163.5 36.1 150.1 267.6 99.33 10791.4 21.5 66.3 79.9 7.29 8.2 18.0 53.3 76.2 69.36 237.6 47.2 205.1 337.2 41.41 76.3 44.5 331.2 714.6 61.16 188.4 41.3 248.6 498.5 38.56 68.8 19.8 117.9 273.7 98.06 3805.9 65.1 244.9 254.8 74.53 489.4 18.9 147.6 231.3 72.47 233.2 30.7 230.9 298.4 54.66 129.6 25.7 137.3 352.8 19.83 27.5 176.4 615.4 1509.4 25.94 35.3 69.2 442.3 676.5 55.18 124.1 58.2 382.6 719.2 27.95 47.0 43.4 292.8 350.4 57.43 174.9 42.9 84.3 107.6 82.60 503.0 31.2 108.3 247.9 59.10 173.2 38.8 341.9 431.0 54.25 121.7 35.8 231.0 290.9 58.12 145.1 32.3 178.3 241.9 74.82 348.0 50.0 243.8 395.6 90.08 1027.4 28.5 172.7 272.5 76.09 358.2 54.4 342.0 371.5 80.26 1160.5 81.2 282.7 605.7 53.3 333.6 492.3 55.60 134.9 98.67 7702.7 134.1 1796.3 2773.8 46.87 560.6 52.7 153.5 1314.5 23.4 88.3 94.0 46.40 91.8 48.5 304.2 402.8 29.56 42.5 31.4 163.5 227.0 70.02 282.3 12.2 31.3 49.8 73.65 279.6 33.8 103.0 201.3 29.7 168.8 208.0 31.0 52.3 215.5 24.3 35.9 170.6 100.00 14.9 15.2 96.8 38.7 144.5 220.5 86.18 729.8 14.5 119.2 225.4 66.5 160.8 256.9 80.09 443.5 11.4 41.0 278.1 0.26 0.3 48.8 189.4 35.9 231.1 0.00 0.0 52.554 223.509 413.927 43.229 338.157 2. Tax Collection ICR (revenue Sovereign debt excluding average maturity grants/interest Tax Revenue Gap, % Tax Revenue, % of (years) payment) of GDP GDP Tax Revenue Change 4.8 11.8 8.5 25.6 5.2 7.4 11.3 9.4 24.3 3.0 5.8 15.8 8.5 24.8 1.3 19.7 12.3 21.8 -1.2 6.5 14.7 7.2 17.0 0.3 8.0 14.8 10.7 21.7 3.3 14.1 7.7 8.2 17.2 1.6 9.8 19.1 9.7 30.3 0.2 10.0 7.6 19.0 -0.7 8.3 11.4 7.8 29.1 0.7 5.3 23.9 14.2 18.0 3.5 4.8 20.3 7.3 22.9 1.4 9.8 8.3 28.7 4.2 7.9 12.4 15.6 20.6 -6.2 7.1 11.7 11.4 19.2 2.2 5.3 24.6 6.3 23.6 0.0 6.0 15.4 6.7 19.7 5.6 4.7 22.4 13.9 8.7 16.5 12.3 7.4 11.5 18.5 1.5 7.5 13.8 9.5 24.9 -0.2 9.2 23.5 9.8 27.5 -0.3 8.6 6.2 5.5 14.5 -1.3 11.3 10.7 8.6 11.4 1.1 7.3 49.8 8.3 30.3 1.8 5.5 15.5 5.0 26.3 1.2 8.2 6.3 10.1 3.2 5.5 22.0 10.5 20.8 1.3 11.5 5.7 12.4 12.8 0.3 8.4 36.7 11.3 23.0 0.9 16.4 7.4 23.3 1.0 14.1 4.7 14.5 12.7 -0.6 6.5 2.4 12.6 14.8 -6.3 12.3 5.1 6.3 23.3 -1.0 5.4 4.1 5.0 16.7 0.0 14.2 19.2 3.7 19.1 12.1 10.9 17.4 1.2 14.4 9.4 12.6 12.7 8.9 27.7 3.4 5.7 26.0 8.3 27.4 3.7 3.9 10.9 28.7 3.0 13.1 10.9 11.1 11.5 -1.7 34.4 4.1 15.0 6.5 4.7 7.5 24.6 -3.9 15.5 14.7 9.7 0.9 9.5 8.5 6.2 22.0 0.6 11.5 2.8 9.4 12.6 -1.4 8.8 33.6 12.7 23.0 3.5 4.9 67.2 8.7 29.7 -4.7 7.8 15.5 7.6 45.9 8.7 17.6 -2.9 10.4 20.6 11.2 17.2 -3.0 42.3 6.7 19.0 1.8 5.3 22.8 7.4 30.5 3.3 9.7 12.2 10.7 -0.4 20.8 10.9 16.8 -0.4 17.0 15.0 11.4 4.3 57.0 22.2 -0.9 11.9 12.4 10.8 17.6 -1.7 25.4 13.8 14.1 1.3 40.9 13.6 19.8 1.7 7.3 86.2 8.0 40.0 -0.5 7.2 1123.4 11.8 13.7 3.6 12.7 9.3 9.5 13.9 2.6 9.4 9.7 5.7 -2.4 6.0 6.5 46.6 2.7 72.4 14.5 20.3 1.2 12.3 25.1 -2.0 17.2 17.7 10.4 15.2 -2.4 12.0 34.2 11.9 19.6 -1.7 3.0 45.8 9.5 19.9 1.8 22.9 -0.2 8.7 48.4 7.0 24.9 -0.3 10.8 35.6 10.8 18.5 -9.6 4.6 7.1 10.8 8.5 29.4 -2.1 10.5 12.0 5.1 15.6 1.8 22.4 13.3 0.0 10.3 17.7 0.9 4.9 16.7 2.9 19.4 5.8 15.0 11.3 24.0 -0.7 9.8 21.6 32.0 5.8 2.3 11.3 7.9 22.7 5.4 27.3 -20.2 7.3 8.3 33.0 4.9 27.3 8.0 19.0 4.9 35.0 4.3 19.2 -1.4 4.9 3.1 7.0 9.9 0.9 3.2 10.9 5.8 11.6 0.6 9.4 8.3 -7.2 12.2 10.0 5.8 2.7 8.1 3.4 8.8 11.5 2.4 13.3 9.4 25.2 -0.5 6.7 18.8 1.2 7.6 7.9 5.7 14.8 2.6 8.6 25.3 3.1 15.6 3.6 6.3 25.2 1.4 5.6 15.4 15.1 -4.5 7.0 17.0 5.3 30.3 5.1 8.3 7.4 10.4 15.4 0.5 4.4 8.3 7.3 0.5 6.4 8.7 66.7 1.5 0.9 5.3 30.2 11.0 14.2 0.6 6.0 12.1 24.0 -5.6 7.4 30.0 6.6 27.4 -6.6 6.7 13.8 13.1 -1.1 5.7 11.6 7.3 21.0 3.5 24.8 6.5 16.4 3.6 7.4 33.4 4.4 11.4 -2.0 13.2 8.1 6.6 19.8 2.7 13.0 9.8 5.7 20.5 -1.1 21.7 3.9 14.5 4.1 10.2 6.8 33.2 6.4 11.6 1.0 14.8 10.9 18.7 9.2 -3.1 130.4 18.2 16.3 -5.4 19.4 608.1 6.3 16.7 3.3 273.4 8.0 -1.7 113.5 13.6 26.0 1.5 775.6 12.2 21.0 0.7 663.9 6.9 16.0 2.5 352.4 9.7 7.7 1.8 22.0 39.9 10.0 7.0 -1.4 8.4 16.9 -2.7 7.0 17.1 13.6 8.1 14.0 20.1 -4.0 20.5 8.1 23.6 0.8 8.7 19.8 3.5 25.3 17.2 2.0 16.4 18.2 2.5 11.1 22.5 2.0 15.5 13.3 15.3 -1.2 11.5 23.2 1.3 1.8 100.9 16.6 5.8 -0.2 485.7 22.7 1.2 0.6 142.7 22.6 2.8 0.8 28.4 5.3 1.2 39.0 12.7 15.0 13.1 4.7 -3.8 17.4 2.5 16.0 8.8 15.0 -1.8 19.0 20.2 -22.8 55.4 6.3 14.5 8.2 12.5 -3.2 9.5 31.5 -12.7 12.9 11.3 17.3 10.2 18.8 1.4 58.6 12.1 13.6 -3.2 104.4 30.0 -10.3 57.4 7.3 24.2 -1.6 18.2 2.3 14.0 2.8 16.9 7.0 -1.1 22.0 4.9 10.6 -7.5 83.4 9.4 7.3 1.0 98.7 12.2 29.6 -19.8 33.3 5.7 8.3 -1.7 23.1 7.1 10.4 -0.6 59.0 19.0 7.9 0.1 13.1 16.0 3.8 5.5 10.1 2.9 66.0 6.4 8.1 0.5 17.2 5.3 12.8 2.2 53.9 3.3 40.8 9.7 445.0 12.9 -0.7 20.5 14.1 4.9 9.0 1.0 6.0 12.2 0.0 24.5 4.4 13.3 1.4 23.4 8.7 12.7 2.3 31.7 4.2 10.5 0.3 36.5 5.3 15.8 -4.4 33.2 15.7 -4.3 7.7 5.2 10.7 2.5 122.7 9.4 1.4 33.5 9.7 5.4 -2.9 76.3 3.5 27.7 6.0 25.3 8.5 10.5 4.1 11.8 2.6 22.3 4.0 13.8 2.0 87.4 4.8 24.7 -2.3 32.5 7.7 17.1 -3.0 11.5 15.4 -4.9 73.2 8.7 14.5 -2.0 105.3 16.4 1.6 809.2 15.7 -0.7 39.1 4.0 17.8 0.6 6.4 1.9 5.1 21.0 6.9 25.8 2.7 134.5 21.8 3.7 4.3 7.6 8.768 9.630 17.495 0.201 3. Grants and Volatility of Revenue Standard deviation of general Standard deviation government revenue of tax revenue (% of VAT C Efficiency Grants (% of GDP) Grants (% of tax rev) (% of GDP) GDP) 0.38 2.3 9.1 2.5 2.0 0.45 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.65 2.5 9.8 1.9 0.9 0.53 1.9 8.5 0.8 0.3 0.52 0.8 5.0 1.5 1.6 0.40 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.2 0.61 0.5 2.7 1.5 0.7 0.43 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.48 0.6 3.0 1.2 0.8 0.36 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.45 2.5 14.0 2.1 1.3 0.56 0.2 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.45 1.1 1.3 0.44 0.4 1.8 4.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.64 1.0 4.1 0.7 0.8 0.43 0.5 2.9 1.3 2.1 0.47 2.1 0.9 0.79 0.0 2.2 0.49 0.6 3.0 0.9 0.7 0.50 1.5 6.1 1.7 0.6 0.53 1.1 4.0 0.6 0.6 0.30 0.4 3.0 0.5 0.8 0.7 6.5 1.3 1.0 0.50 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.54 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.4 0.20 1.1 11.7 1.3 1.6 0.42 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.31 0.4 3.2 1.0 0.4 0.51 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.42 1.1 0.8 0.42 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.41 0.1 0.3 2.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.4 0.47 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.44 0.4 0.56 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.2 0.47 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 0.47 0.7 1.0 0.54 0.1 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.37 1.6 12.1 2.7 3.0 0.61 1.4 1.1 0.66 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 5.7 1.7 0.7 0.47 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.50 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.8 0.17 1.9 0.63 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 0.43 1.3 7.7 1.6 1.8 0.47 1.3 6.7 1.0 0.7 0.89 1.3 4.4 0.4 1.0 0.44 0.3 0.3 0.81 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.31 0.5 1.7 1.06 0.7 3.3 1.3 0.4 0.38 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.62 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.53 1.0 4.9 0.6 0.6 0.50 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.49 0.0 0.1 4.3 1.4 0.20 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.23 0.0 0.0 3.9 2.0 0.51 1.4 1.5 0.66 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.57 0.7 0.8 0.48 0.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.56 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.57 2.6 12.9 1.6 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.43 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 0.42 0.0 0.0 3.8 4.2 0.95 2.8 0.90 1.8 6.1 2.5 1.8 0.36 2.1 13.6 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.57 2.8 15.8 1.8 1.1 3.7 21.0 2.4 3.0 0.60 0.4 1.7 1.3 0.6 20.9 131.0 35.7 10.9 0.32 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.1 10.6 10.3 0.44 0.1 0.4 4.7 4.9 0.48 14.2 73.5 6.8 2.1 1.08 2.3 12.2 1.6 1.3 0.2 2.1 1.0 0.9 0.23 1.6 14.1 0.5 0.4 0.81 0.0 0.0 9.8 3.2 0.3 3.9 4.4 1.4 0.27 0.8 7.0 0.8 0.8 0.57 1.0 4.2 0.9 0.7 1.3 6.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 4.8 1.4 1.1 0.60 1.9 1.7 0.50 0.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.66 0.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 0.51 0.1 0.3 2.0 2.0 3.0 19.6 1.4 0.5 0.26 0.2 2.3 0.4 0.4 3.8 3.4 0.4 38.7 6.9 0.8 0.68 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.2 0.0 0.2 3.6 3.4 0.79 0.4 1.3 4.8 4.8 0.19 0.0 0.0 5.8 2.4 0.38 0.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.85 1.3 7.9 1.6 1.2 1.5 13.3 1.7 1.1 0.90 0.8 3.9 1.1 1.4 0.52 0.5 2.4 1.0 0.8 0.27 6.8 49.4 0.8 1.5 0.51 0.8 0.29 0.3 2.8 0.8 0.7 0.74 0.0 0.2 1.6 1.1 0.47 0.0 0.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 0.37 42.5 258.1 33.0 1.9 14.1 178.2 2.7 0.9 0.85 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.74 2.4 11.6 0.6 0.7 0.37 0.1 0.5 2.1 1.4 17.2 233.3 22.7 0.9 1.2 3.9 3.4 47.8 1.8 0.9 0.52 0.3 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.84 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.4 1.50 0.2 0.9 1.6 1.5 3.2 13.8 11.7 2.0 3.0 15.0 2.3 2.0 1.2 6.9 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.2 12.3 4.4 0.9 1.8 7.9 1.6 1.1 0.2 1.1 2.1 1.9 0.65 1.4 104.3 3.5 0.8 0.42 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 7.8 0.4 0.3 8.2 6.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 8.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 19.0 10.0 2.3 6.7 39.8 2.5 1.5 10.6 70.6 6.0 1.0 13.2 10.4 0.59 2.8 3.3 0.41 3.6 27.6 3.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 4.1 4.9 0.00 0.9 5.3 2.7 3.7 19.2 103.6 2.9 1.1 3.7 27.5 1.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 3.7 5.1 0.2 0.8 4.6 2.4 10.4 73.2 8.5 1.6 0.11 6.5 99.8 3.7 1.6 0.08 2.7 32.4 4.3 4.7 7.9 108.6 3.5 0.9 0.5 2.0 8.3 9.2 2.1 24.5 2.5 1.1 0.30 1.0 9.2 0.9 0.6 0.12 0.0 0.0 5.0 1.7 2.2 14.0 4.3 3.3 4.0 39.8 3.7 1.1 4.9 61.9 3.0 1.0 3.9 27.7 8.7 1.2 0.45 4.8 12.0 5.0 4.6 13.2 105.0 2.4 1.2 0.0 18.4 0.25 2.0 22.0 1.6 1.0 2.8 23.7 1.8 0.7 0.31 1.9 14.7 2.1 1.3 0.9 6.8 2.1 1.6 4.9 46.9 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 2.6 14.1 88.4 6.0 2.0 3.9 37.5 1.9 1.1 1.2 86.9 1.7 0.2 0.4 6.7 3.9 1.0 2.7 194.6 16.9 2.0 0.26 0.6 2.3 3.1 3.2 0.32 2.2 18.1 1.3 1.0 0.38 3.3 24.4 1.1 1.3 9.9 40.3 5.2 1.8 0.71 8.3 49.7 8.0 1.2 2.1 14.0 2.7 2.8 33.5 231.1 5.6 0.7 33.5 237.8 5.9 6.8 27.3 176.4 29.6 1.6 0.58 2.3 12.8 2.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.9 0.71 0.6 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 8.5 1.5 0.61 1.3 0.4 0.505 2.713 22.464 3.257 1.637 4. Seigniorage and Inflation Tax Notes) Seinoriage Inflation tax’ where ‘ denotes t deflator and Y’=G Standard deviation Seigniorage (% of Inflation Tax (% of of grants (% of GDP) GDP) GDP) 0.7 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 6.4 0.2 2.4 0.0 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 8.3 0.1 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.4 3.0 0.4 0.8 9.0 0.0 0.3 12.5 0.3 8.3 0.1 0.3 3.0 0.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.4 1.5 0.0 8.1 0.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 4.8 0.0 0.0 3.9 2.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 1.8 0.8 3.7 2.3 0.0 5.5 1.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 10.4 0.6 4.5 0.8 4.1 0.5 3.1 0.0 2.0 3.2 0.4 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.4 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.8 8.6 0.3 0.0 4.1 0.0 1.9 2.2 1.6 4.6 0.3 3.0 0.0 6.6 1.3 2.1 0.3 4.4 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.4 4.3 0.2 6.2 1.2 1.9 0.0 6.9 0.2 3.7 0.6 0.2 4.7 0.4 2.6 0.6 1.8 0.2 2.4 0.1 0.1 5.2 1.2 5.2 0.1 2.2 0.9 4.6 0.0 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 5.0 0.5 1.6 0.9 3.4 0.3 0.4 10.5 2.5 3.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.5 11.6 2.0 0.3 0.4 8.8 0.1 1.5 8.1 14.4 1.6 0.5 0.0 0.4 2.4 3.1 1.0 3.5 0.5 1.7 3.0 0.7 1.4 0.4 1.2 0.0 3.3 0.0 2.9 0.3 1.8 0.0 2.3 1.8 3.3 3.4 2.5 1.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 2.2 0.6 4.1 1.1 0.0 0.2 8.0 3.2 1.0 3.5 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.1 2.7 2.2 1.0 8.0 2.3 3.0 3.9 0.0 0.7 1.8 0.9 2.6 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.0 4.6 1.3 0.8 0.2 5.5 3.0 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.1 3.7 5.3 4.3 0.6 3.8 4.4 7.9 6.3 0.4 3.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.6 6.6 0.1 1.037 4.097 #DIV/0! Notes) Seinoriage = (change in M)/GDP Inflation tax’ = (M’-M/GDP’) - (M’/GDP’ – M/P*Y’) where ‘ denotes t+1, GDP is nominal, P is the GDP deflator and Y’=GDP’/P’. EMBI Spread Back EMBI spread (Dec Spread change (Dec Code Country 2022) 2021 to Dec 2022) Income group AGO Angola 696.8931 -25.5984 ARG Argentina 2195.8222 508.0274 High income ARM Armenia 270.2534 -7.2148 Low income AZE Azerbaijan 181.2041 -1.6264 BHR Bahrain 277.3058 -115.8661 Lower middle income BRB Barbados 417.1238 -82.2529 Upper middle income BLR Belarus BLZ Belize Region BOL Bolivia 563.1154 151.3494 BRA Brazil 257.9345 -47.6994 East Asia & Pacific BGR Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia CMR Cameroon CHL Chile 139.5808 -13.6828 Latin America & Cari... CHN China 164.9751 -27.0261 Middle East & North ... COL Colombia 369.2387 16.2759 CRI Costa Rica 326.9162 -177.0653 North America CIV Côte d'Ivoire 346.2786 -29.1101 South Asia HRV Croatia 41.207 6.5867 DOM Dominican Republic 357.9277 -7.8187 Sub-Saharan Africa ECU Ecuador 1250.2056 381.1356 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 796.6135 115.6871 SLV El Salvador 1839.4402 348.5693 ETH Ethiopia 2957.8695 928.1804 GAB Gabon 600.5489 53.5204 GEO Georgia 212.1026 2.5692 GHA Ghana 2936.1207 1980.913 GRC Greece GTM Guatemala 210.3668 -60.9672 HUN Hungary 213.0457 102.7145 HND Honduras 529.2941 216.4302 IDN Indonesia 132.7378 -28.2219 IND India 141.2407 11.902 IRQ Iraq 493.4444 -80.9818 JAM Jamaica 226.4459 -68.7122 JOR Jordan 357.5355 -74.3182 KAZ Kazakhstan 237.5161 52.8992 KEN Kenya 636.7516 133.6902 KWT Kuwait 8.2524 -28.3813 LVA Latvia LBN Lebanon 39884.8971 18284.644 LTU Lithuania MYS Malaysia 103.6362 -12.7542 MDV Maldives 1398.1845 528.3988 MEX Mexico 385.9562 38.4881 MNG Mongolia 521.8083 198.1839 MAR Morocco 216.6778 -22.1903 MOZ Mozambique 932.9565 7.5529 NAM Namibia 308.5928 61.7923 NGA Nigeria 796.2331 158.6744 OMN Oman 234.4396 -134.4297 PAK Pakistan 2746.5112 2176.342 PNG Papua New Guinea 707.4843 31.782 PAN Panama 214.7115 27.877 PRY Paraguay 200.1718 -28.4163 PER Peru 193.8948 23.9025 PHL Philippines 84.7848 -8.5699 POL Poland 75.9946 51.8724 QAT Qatar 78.9198 -28.7466 ROU Romania 247.3904 54.9734 RUS Russian Federation RWA Rwanda 543.8064 161.4487 SAU Saudi Arabia 94.3243 -31.9505 SEN Senegal 540.7373 67.1019 SRB Serbia 269.7031 130.3296 SVK Slovak Republic ZAF South Africa 354.9743 2.3664 KOR Korea, Rep. LKA Sri Lanka 5400.8265 2977.8767 SUR Suriname 1656.5685 -38.9273 TJK Tajikistan 1428.8497 524.9524 THA Thailand TTO Trinidad and Tobago 182.9542 -156.2476 TUN Tunisia 2066.6643 667.0373 TUR Türkiye 426.76 -152.5869 ARE United Arab Emirates 102.8558 -27.0114 UKR Ukraine 4064.7349 3300.1962 URY Uruguay 91.2978 -35.9813 VEN Venezuela, RB 44839.9788 -10470.1255 VNM Vietnam 92.0578 20.0091 ZMB Zambia 6924.6089 4891.8072 USA United States GBR United Kingdom IMN Isle of Man AUT Austria BEL Belgium DNK Denmark FRA France DEU Germany SMR San Marino ITA Italy LUX Luxembourg NLD Netherlands NOR Norway SWE Sweden CHE Switzerland LIE Liechtenstein CAN Canada JPN Japan AND Andorra FIN Finland ISL Iceland IRL Ireland MLT Malta PRT Portugal ESP Spain AUS Australia NZL New Zealand NIC Nicaragua BHS Bahamas, The ABW Aruba BMU Bermuda CUW Curacao VCT St. Vincent & the Grenadines CYM Cayman Islands TCA Turks & Caicos Islands CYP Cyprus ISR Israel BGD Bangladesh KHM Cambodia HKG Hong Kong SAR, China MAC Macao SAR, China SGP Singapore BWA Botswana CPV Cabo Verde COG Congo, Rep. COD Congo, Dem. Rep. BEN Benin LSO Lesotho MUS Mauritius SYC Seychelles UGA Uganda BFA Burkina Faso FJI Fiji ALB Albania KGZ Kyrgyz Republic MDA Moldova CUB Cuba CZE Czech Republic EST Estonia MNE Montenegro SVN Slovenia MKD North Macedonia BIH Bosnia & Herzegovina Average 2011.60 396.72 Foreign currency long-term sovereign debt ratings, index from 1-21 4.767123222 3.666666667 8.333333333 10.66666667 7.666666667 4.5 6.666666667 2.78493154 7.333333333 9.333333333 13.33333333 6.666666667 16.07488569 17 11.95799096 7 8.818264961 11.71232891 9 5 7.333333333 5.858447552 5.189041138 4.856164455 10 6.333333333 9.564383507 9.666666667 12.75707753 8.5 13 12 5.666666667 7.666666667 8 12.46392695 7.390867551 17.8456618 15.66666667 1 16.29497719 14.66666667 4.987671375 13 6.666666667 11.08310509 4.333333333 9.5 6.666666667 8.666666667 6 6.5 12.76529694 10.66666667 14.15068499 13.33333333 15.33333333 18 12 12.33333333 7.666666667 16 8.5 10.60273965 16.33333333 9.333333333 18.66666667 4.579908768 1.748858452 6 14 11.44109583 6.221917868 8 19 6.666666667 12.66666667 1 9.666666667 1.333333333 20.66666667 18.33333333 18 20 18.33333333 21 19 21 11 12.3598175 21 21 21 21 21 21 20.66666667 16.66666667 13.5 20 16 17 16 12.76347033 15 21 19.95342445 6 9.286301136 11.5999999 16.5 12 6 18 14 11.48127842 17.33333333 9 7 18.66666667 18.5 21 14.65342474 6.067123175 4.333333333 5 7.58767128 7 13.16986275 7.117808342 7.333333333 7 8.510958672 8 7 6 3.758904219 18 17.66666667 7.586301327 16.33333333 10 6.5 11.46 2021 Technical Efficiency Back 10 TRUE (Unit: All in percentile ranks) Weight 10.0% The GCI Index 4.0 Global Competitiveness Economy Code Sub total Index (infra) Income group GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.071 Lesotho LSO 0.138 0.035 High income Venezuela, RBVEN 0.271 0.157 Eritrea ERI 0.127 Low income Kiribati KIR 0.187 Lower middle income Mozambique MOZ 0.193 0.057 Upper middle income Puerto Rico PRI 0.201 Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.241 0.042 Ethiopia ETH 0.208 0.128 Region Burundi BDI 0.218 0.071 East Asia & Pacific Timor-Leste TLS 0.241 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.242 0.007 Europe & Central Asia Zimbabwe ZWE 0.242 0.085 Latin America & Cari... Afghanistan AFG 0.213 Botswana BWA 0.264 0.235 Middle East & North ... Burkina Faso BFA 0.256 0.05 North America Sierra Leone SLE 0.226 Chad TCD 0.245 0.014 South Asia Liberia LBR 0.251 Sub-Saharan Africa Haiti HTI 0.235 0 Mali MLI 0.260 0.135 Guinea GIN 0.251 0.114 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.274 Djibouti DJI 0.265 Namibia NAM 0.286 0.335 Bolivia BOL 0.275 0.292 CAF Central African Republic 0.273 Eswatini SWZ 0.282 0.242 Congo, Rep. COG 0.250 Angola AGO 0.259 0.107 Zambia ZMB 0.274 0.121 Niger NER 0.284 Bhutan BTN 0.263 Tuvalu TUV 0.297 Rwanda RWA 0.301 0.214 Malawi MWI 0.335 0.064 Aruba ABW 0.302 Gambia, The GMB 0.287 0.171 Madagascar MDG 0.300 0.021 Iraq IRQ 0.273 SLB Solomon Islands 0.303 Tanzania TZA 0.331 0.142 Guinea-BissauGNB 0.278 Togo TGO 0.310 Palau PLW 0.321 MAC Macao SAR, China 0.323 Cameroon CMR 0.319 0.092 Senegal SEN 0.340 0.2 Kenya KEN 0.358 0.221 Benin BEN 0.347 0.1 São Tomé andSTPPríncipe 0.338 Nepal NPL 0.318 0.207 Mauritania MRT 0.332 0.028 Algeria DZA 0.360 0.421 Montenegro MNE 0.364 0.414 Nicaragua NIC 0.352 0.264 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.384 0.178 Mongolia MNG 0.338 0.285 Uganda UGA 0.367 0.185 Nigeria NGA 0.378 0.078 Comoros COM 0.337 Kuwait KWT 0.427 0.535 Bangladesh BGD 0.386 0.192 Sudan SDN 0.321 Lao PDR LAO 0.364 0.342 Myanmar MMR 0.364 PNG Papua New Guinea 0.358 Cabo Verde CPV 0.409 0.228 Ghana GHA 0.428 0.164 Maldives MDV 0.424 Tajikistan TJK 0.394 0.357 Cambodia KHM 0.409 0.25 Guyana GUY 0.391 Vanuatu VUT 0.432 Honduras HND 0.422 0.3 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 0.379 0.271 Gabon GAB 0.410 0.15 Samoa WSM 0.445 Jamaica JAM 0.433 0.392 MHL Marshall Islands 0.450 India IND 0.476 0.507 Ecuador ECU 0.468 0.564 Pakistan PAK 0.464 0.257 Fiji FJI 0.426 El Salvador SLV 0.460 0.364 Tonga TON 0.470 Seychelles SYC 0.476 0.385 Norway NOR 0.534 0.692 Belize BLZ 0.478 New Zealand NZL 0.529 0.678 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.520 0.764 Oman OMN 0.517 0.807 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.494 0.407 Malaysia MYS 0.528 0.757 South Africa ZAF 0.528 0.514 Morocco MAR 0.508 0.628 Tunisia TUN 0.500 0.4 Albania ALB 0.493 0.307 ARE United Arab Emirates 0.560 0.921 Colombia COL 0.524 0.428 Vietnam VNM 0.537 0.457 Suriname SUR 0.524 Uruguay URY 0.537 0.542 Moldova MDA 0.499 0.464 BRN Brunei Darussalam 0.541 0.592 Latvia LVA 0.554 0.7 Georgia GEO 0.520 0.485 Philippines PHL 0.550 0.321 Paraguay PRY 0.536 0.35 Thailand THA 0.572 0.5 Guatemala GTM 0.537 0.278 Panama PAN 0.565 0.585 MKD North Macedonia 0.549 0.471 Argentina ARG 0.564 0.521 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.554 Bahrain BHR 0.578 0.785 Peru PER 0.565 0.378 Costa Rica CRI 0.560 0.557 Brazil BRA 0.585 0.45 Belarus BLR 0.549 Hungary HUN 0.597 0.814 Estonia EST 0.592 0.685 DOM Dominican Republic 0.579 0.442 Barbados BRB 0.592 0.314 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.600 0.635 China CHN 0.623 0.75 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.601 Jordan JOR 0.607 0.478 Ireland IRL 0.655 0.721 Azerbaijan AZE 0.609 0.735 Serbia SRB 0.621 0.642 Libya LBY 0.509 Croatia HRV 0.639 0.778 Bahamas, TheBHS 0.620 Indonesia IDN 0.640 0.492 Malta MLT 0.646 0.671 Mauritius MUS 0.627 0.55 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 0.590 0.328 Uzbekistan UZB 0.603 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 0.490 Cyprus CYP 0.655 0.664 Slovenia SVN 0.666 0.771 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.644 0.435 Sri Lanka LKA 0.630 0.571 Grenada GRD 0.661 Mexico MEX 0.664 0.621 Bulgaria BGR 0.660 0.607 Ukraine UKR 0.648 0.6 Finland FIN 0.702 0.85 Poland POL 0.685 0.828 Slovak RepublicSVK 0.685 0.792 Sweden SWE 0.711 0.871 Belgium BEL 0.730 0.907 Czech Republic CZE 0.695 0.864 Germany DEU 0.742 0.95 Türkiye TUR 0.695 0.657 RUS Russian Federation 0.665 0.65 Canada CAN 0.732 0.821 Romania ROU 0.712 0.614 Portugal PRT 0.723 0.857 Lebanon LBN 0.706 0.371 Chile CHL 0.720 0.707 Armenia ARM 0.688 0.578 Lithuania LTU 0.732 0.728 United Kingdom GBR 0.777 0.928 Austria AUT 0.771 0.935 Greece GRC 0.753 0.742 TurkmenistanTKM 0.647 Qatar QAT 0.764 0.835 United States USA 0.785 0.914 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.740 0.528 Hong Kong SAR, HKGChina 0.799 0.985 Denmark DNK 0.788 0.9 St. Lucia LCA 0.785 Spain ESP 0.802 0.957 Italy ITA 0.806 0.878 Iceland ISL 0.791 0.714 Japan JPN 0.824 0.971 Singapore SGP 0.826 1 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.815 0.964 ATG Antigua and Barbuda 0.807 France FRA 0.828 0.942 Netherlands NLD 0.851 0.992 Australia AUS 0.846 0.8 Taiwan, ChinaTWN 0.873 0.892 Luxembourg LUX 0.903 0.885 Switzerland CHE 0.927 0.978 Israel ISR 0.906 0.842 Average 0.497 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% Efficiency Score Infrastructure Logistics Input Efficiency - Output Efficiency - Input Efficiency - Output Efficiency - Performance Index infra, GCI infra, GCI infra, LPI infra, LPI 0.006 0.021 0 0.109 0.148 0.014 0.211 0.105 0.384 0.024 0.323 0.035 0.134 0.32 0.081 0.309 0.176 0.353 0.429 0.051 0.183 0.387 0.115 0.179 0.133 0.239 0.14 0.036 0.414 0.111 0.464 0.084 0.437 0.029 0.237 0.03 0.176 0.049 0.445 0.101 0.177 0.091 0.302 0.31 0.351 0.059 0.443 0.415 0.012 0.507 0.074 0.514 0.007 0.158 0.5 0.037 0.492 0.211 0.201 0.242 0.044 0.345 0.239 0.018 0.335 0 0.274 0.014 0.195 0.359 0.148 0.429 0.246 0.085 0.398 0.096 0.387 0.126 0.231 0.197 0.19 0.365 0.312 0.311 0.33 0.267 0.25 0.078 0.251 0.126 0.204 0.243 0.408 0.309 0.273 0.288 0.054 0.19 0.042 0.048 0.445 0.066 0.154 0.028 0.17 0.25 0.17 0.471 0.169 0.268 0.394 0.359 0.103 0.119 0.063 0.304 0.265 0.214 0.352 0.345 0.64 0.39 0.088 0.415 0.69 0.146 0.328 0.222 0.5 0.183 0.262 0.468 0.007 0.556 0.373 0.067 0.063 0.056 0.286 0.493 0.257 0.155 0.38 0.584 0.06 0.57 0.133 0.274 0.422 0.323 0.225 0.421 0.125 0.542 0.225 0.402 0.367 0.244 0.45 0.5 0.573 0.234 0.237 0.366 0.626 0.426 0.484 0.103 0.521 0.507 0.317 0.147 0.316 0.079 0.343 0.192 0.563 0.091 0.182 0.585 0.022 0.591 0.112 0.457 0.07 0.362 0.077 0.394 0.432 0.054 0.318 0.288 0.295 0.292 0.281 0.274 0.478 0.274 0.579 0.375 0.185 0.507 0.64 0.121 0.218 0.266 0.204 0.07 0.414 0.382 0.162 0.485 0.514 0.5 0.632 0.118 0.683 0.577 0.097 0.549 0.119 0.725 0.031 0.422 0.042 0.725 0.347 0.195 0.207 0.359 0.366 0.042 0.838 0.021 0.14 0.225 0.098 0.164 0.246 0.147 0.152 0.554 0.259 0.554 0.671 0.2 0.654 0.619 0.475 0.028 0.338 0.189 0.14 0.4 0.253 0.232 0.341 0.515 0.229 0.373 0.401 0.213 0.07 0.154 0.323 0.492 0.333 0.584 0.288 0.091 0.128 0.882 0.14 0.302 0.077 0.359 0.707 0.203 0.592 0.232 0.802 0.56 0.062 0.533 0.056 0.563 0.481 0.539 0.355 0.605 0.57 0.28 0.612 0.218 0.42 0.625 0.385 0.732 0.429 0.125 0.377 0.932 0.039 0.607 0.133 0.964 0.847 0.085 0.659 0.098 0.887 0.804 0.015 0.614 0.014 0.816 0.762 0.007 0.755 0.007 0.781 0.53 0.648 0.392 0.577 0.556 0.835 0.046 0.77 0.049 0.866 0.841 0.718 0.585 0.767 0.873 0.603 0.226 0.681 0.338 0.612 0.451 0.609 0.414 0.739 0.471 0.298 0.296 0.281 0.436 0.197 0.896 0 0.844 0 0.929 0.548 0.601 0.407 0.711 0.549 0.664 0.187 0.496 0.281 0.753 0.609 0.734 0.555 0.669 0.591 0.207 0.859 0.466 0.894 0.161 0.585 0.562 0.112 0.457 0.689 0.132 0.637 0.267 0.739 0.335 0.21 0.474 0.535 0.26 0.615 0.531 0.325 0.647 0.647 0.439 0.656 0.296 0.788 0.408 0.798 0.164 0.548 0.218 0.852 0.408 0.726 0.348 0.781 0.436 0.682 0.156 0.459 0.14 0.697 0.524 0.523 0.444 0.626 0.521 0.67 0.875 0.488 0.943 0.676 0.713 0.171 0.74 0.169 0.704 0.597 0.453 0.37 0.401 0.598 0.512 0.843 0.451 0.915 0.478 0.743 0.773 0.437 0.619 0.795 0.396 0.957 0.253 0.792 0.109 0.807 0.295 0.83 0.731 0.117 0.644 0.161 0.767 0.469 0.906 0.429 0.873 0.38 0.593 0.303 0.652 0.46 0.651 0.676 0.683 0.865 0.023 0.762 0.035 0.901 0.634 0.578 0.525 0.704 0.654 0.853 0.696 0.463 0.093 0.725 0.084 0.464 0.542 0.695 0.718 0.845 0.528 0.256 0.658 0.617 0.8 0.795 0.661 0.567 1 0.422 0.646 0.546 0.503 0.633 0.669 0.701 0.898 0.629 0.816 0.711 0.506 0.703 0.518 0.753 0.485 0.329 0.371 0.76 0.33 0.176 0.852 0.443 0.695 0.57 0.711 0.598 0.718 0.768 0.781 0.777 0.697 0.809 0.536 0.796 0.481 0.83 0.542 0.378 0.562 0.57 0.661 0.281 0.676 0.812 0.688 0.774 0.746 0.628 0.789 0.6 0.718 0.633 0.487 0.742 0.622 0.887 0.492 0.914 0.406 0.851 0.725 0.943 0.78 0.304 0.829 0.457 0.823 0.756 0.71 0.814 0.746 0.788 0.963 0.289 0.866 0.809 0.971 0.945 0.933 0.817 0.64 0.881 0.64 0.845 1 0.955 0.823 0.679 0.666 0.802 0.859 0.518 0.914 0.674 0.908 0.45 0.92 0.687 0.822 0.69 0.95 0.835 0.577 0.81 1 0.888 0.992 0.838 0.621 0.804 0.34 0.936 0.605 0.719 0.867 0.748 0.901 0.732 0.39 0.82 0.54 0.88 0.352 0.737 0.828 0.733 0.823 0.76 0.957 0.992 0.903 0.908 0.976 0.911 0.75 0.757 0.785 0.866 0.774 0.219 0.786 0.969 0.929 0.925 0.978 0.957 0.591 0.953 0.511 0.964 0.535 0.975 0.765 0.977 0.105 0.985 0.902 0.937 0.896 0.95 0.922 0.871 1 0.884 0.948 0.774 0.984 0.703 0.981 0.476 0.992 0.316 0.992 0.987 0.96 0.985 0.528 1 0.878 0.664 0.97 0.26 0.915 0.939 0.921 0.94 0.922 0.936 0.993 0.968 0.962 0.971 0.978 0.89 0.75 0.792 0.929 0.894 0.859 0.89 0.859 0.859 0.88 0.926 0.851 0.837 0.985 0.908 0.951 0.918 0.829 0.945 0.874 0.500 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% Efficiency Score Education Health Output Efficiency - Output Efficiency - Input Efficiency -edu edu Input Efficiency -hea hea 0.257 0.382 0.244 0.131 0 0.112 0.262 0.5 0.115 0.193 0.04 0.014 0.388 0.529 0.122 0.275 0.222 0.536 0.237 0.143 0.08 0.323 0.172 0.168 0.302 0.705 0.223 0.206 0.085 0.485 0.338 0.262 0.045 0.654 0.021 0.356 0.205 0.044 0.539 0.493 0.217 0.544 0.05 0.243 0.091 0.573 0.071 0.25 0.028 0.757 0 0.268 0.017 0.764 0.043 0.237 0.148 0.875 0.194 0.475 0.16 0.647 0.035 0.343 0.062 0.801 0.028 0.375 0.102 0.256 0.291 0.537 0.171 0.058 0.402 0.381 0.097 0.11 0.798 0.3 0.337 0.735 0.007 0.2 0.011 0.25 0.41 0.487 0.022 0.551 0.165 0.581 0.165 0.852 0.143 0.681 0.068 0.514 0.345 0.406 0.12 0.639 0.014 0.175 0.137 0.198 0.33 0.625 0.4 0.297 0.625 0.208 0.218 0.268 0.602 0.136 0.187 0.142 0.007 0.597 0.779 0.093 0.312 0.131 0.713 0.158 0.212 0.228 0.36 0.251 0.775 0.342 0.162 0.462 0.617 0.179 0.318 0.188 0.772 0.057 0.306 0.051 0.566 0.23 0.281 0.074 0.066 0.575 0.323 0.794 0.201 0.506 0.057 0.47 0.079 0.412 0.28 0.448 0.258 0.437 0.182 0.691 0.064 0.462 0.114 0.419 0.489 0.362 0.314 0.595 0.316 0.443 0.348 0.904 0.107 0.575 0.211 0.125 0.446 0.593 0.657 0.45 0.662 0.477 0.366 0.287 0.525 0.676 0.1 0.562 0.034 0.308 0.877 0.7 0.331 0.816 0.266 0.325 0.125 0.187 0.618 0.005 0.808 0.151 0.456 0.177 0.036 0.546 0.782 0.911 0.287 0.556 0.44 0.512 0.194 0.919 0.215 0.687 0.285 0.889 0.359 0.5 0.24 0.882 0.086 0.468 0.2 0.352 0.611 0.393 0.468 0.433 0.302 0.531 0.154 0.522 0.625 0.225 0.754 0.669 0.985 0.35 0.36 0.86 0.374 0.425 0.325 0.75 0.467 0.762 0.32 0.58 0.438 0.337 0.371 0.338 0.431 0.568 0.56 0.264 0.92 0.331 0.394 0.933 0.273 0.943 0.274 0.397 0.776 0.156 0.451 0.242 0.46 0.637 0.508 0.08 0.82 0.507 0.294 0.606 0.308 0.345 0.683 0.612 0.697 0.867 0.129 0.587 0.251 0.787 0.234 0.558 0.517 0.137 0.434 0.183 0.913 0.431 0.354 0.411 0.661 0.893 0.48 0.018 0.885 0.418 0.537 0.068 0.908 0 0.906 0.748 0.073 0.51 0.954 0.125 0.714 0.161 0.453 0.817 0.191 0.503 0.181 0.108 0.286 0.352 0.718 0.64 0.139 0.482 0.643 0.651 0.698 0.755 0.862 0.8 0.205 0.424 0.822 0.316 0.589 0.387 0.708 0.426 0.719 0.768 0.617 0.132 0.791 0.756 0.417 0.22 0.561 0.15 0.737 0.227 0.949 0.4 0.365 1 0.417 0.6 0.176 0.733 0.962 0.502 0.823 0.848 0.743 0.485 0.661 0.69 0.65 0.411 0.61 0.582 0.706 0.52 0.588 0.474 0.9 0.674 0.845 0.395 0.656 0.497 0.941 0.525 0.693 0.771 0.668 0.611 0.095 0.654 0.1 0.622 0.662 0.445 0.765 0.632 0.762 0.793 0.668 0.051 0.647 0.293 0.857 0.117 0.604 0.725 0.582 0.257 0.812 0.712 0.457 0.235 0.87 0.631 0.588 0.404 0.992 0.675 0.742 0.455 0.496 0.868 0.474 0.33 0.978 0.818 0.811 0.742 0.28 0.812 0.405 0.492 0.863 0.856 0.685 0.367 0.834 0.72 0.748 0.518 0.514 0.075 0.931 0.977 0.841 0.987 0.72 0.463 0.827 0.368 0.577 0.85 0.422 0.294 0.935 0.118 0.731 0.491 0.838 0.856 0.837 0.382 0.022 0.553 0.481 0.977 0.279 0.726 0.993 0.76 0.272 0.928 1 0.68 0.963 0.884 0.525 0.388 0.029 0.964 0.948 0.102 0.942 0.087 0.925 0.83 0.532 0.825 0.634 0.985 0.676 0.925 0.691 0.441 0.899 0.875 0.428 0.213 0.618 0.937 0.554 0.683 0.669 0.731 0.542 0.727 1 0.55 0.377 0.056 0.868 0.737 0.725 0.231 0.645 0.025 0.897 0.031 0.834 0.093 0.777 0.012 0.794 0.147 0.705 0.981 0.628 0.301 0.769 0.931 0.531 0.05 0.914 0.948 0.633 0.806 0.571 0.088 0.712 0.106 0.937 0.992 0.784 0.781 0.828 0.154 0.64 0.843 0.891 0.955 0.892 0.906 0.565 0.389 0.971 0.8 0.548 0.037 0.845 0.043 0.851 0.786 0.568 0.543 0.96 0.926 0.956 0.887 0.245 0.897 0.381 0.92 0 0.605 0.97 0.805 0.805 0.006 0.788 0.975 0.594 0.169 0.697 0.918 1 0.375 0.741 0.831 0.988 0.6 0.971 0.881 0.982 0.309 0.84 0.968 0.902 0.912 0.702 0.081 0.942 0.062 0.88 0.75 0.965 0.956 0.874 0.862 0.95 0.994 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Technical Efficiency Back 1. The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2019 Dataset, WEF Infrastructure ISO Country Global Competitiveness Index (infra) Logistics Performance Index Income AGO Angola 40.20 2.01 ALB Albania 57.69 2.32 High income ARE United Arab Emirates 88.49 3.84 Low income ARG Argentina 68.29 2.91 ARM Armenia 69.41 2.41 Lower middle income AUS Australia 79.16 3.79 Upper middle income AUT Austria 89.03 3.86 AZE Azerbaijan 77.36 2.46 Region BDI Burundi 39.17 1.98 BEL Belgium 87.26 3.98 East Asia & Pacific BEN Benin 40.17 2.43 BFA Burkina Faso 34.82 2.33 Europe & Central Asia BGD Bangladesh 51.14 2.37 Latin America & Carib... BGR Bulgaria 71.33 2.72 Middle East & North ... BHR Bahrain 78.39 3.01 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 63.02 2.56 North America BLR Belarus 2.42 South Asia BLZ Belize BOL Bolivia 57.14 2.25 Sub-Saharan Africa BRA Brazil 65.45 3.04 BRB Barbados 57.73 BTN Bhutan 2.10 BWA Botswana 53.70 2.45 CAF Central African Republic (the) 2.25 CAN Canada 80.78 3.90 CHE Switzerland 93.16 3.98 CHL Chile 76.29 3.01 CHN China 77.91 3.64 CIV Côte d'Ivoire 47.88 2.60 CMR Cameroon 40.08 2.22 COG Congo (the) 2.01 COL Colombia 64.31 2.58 COM Comoros (the) 2.10 CPV Cape Verde 53.69 CRI Costa Rica 68.74 2.53 CZE Czech Republic 83.81 3.27 DEU Germany 90.21 4.23 DOM Dominican Republic 64.92 2.49 DZA Algeria 63.79 2.46 ECU Ecuador 69.13 2.59 EGY Egypt 73.05 2.79 EST Estonia 75.77 3.04 ETH Ethiopia 43.40 2.10 FIN Finland 83.40 3.89 FRA France 89.74 3.94 GAB Gabon 46.16 2.14 GBR United Kingdom 88.89 3.99 GEO Georgia 67.59 2.36 GHA Ghana 46.64 2.58 GIN Guinea 41.68 2.09 GMB Gambia, The 47.36 2.15 GNB Guinea-Bissau 2.03 GRC Greece 77.66 3.06 GTM Guatemala 55.85 2.42 GUY Guyana 2.21 HND Honduras 57.40 2.35 HRV Croatia 78.22 2.85 HTI Haiti 26.88 1.91 IDN Indonesia 67.73 2.79 IND India 68.09 3.00 IRL Ireland 76.98 3.61 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 64.76 2.57 ISL Iceland 76.36 3.18 ISR Israel 83.04 3.38 ITA Italy 84.09 3.73 JOR Jordan 67.45 2.73 JPN Japan 93.16 4.06 KAZ Kazakhstan 68.33 2.60 KEN Kenya 53.60 2.60 KGZ Kyrgyzstan 55.82 2.09 KHM Cambodia 54.89 2.37 KOR Korea, Rep. 92.09 3.72 KWT Kuwait 68.37 3.02 LAO 59.24 (the) Lao People's Democratic Republic 2.15 LBN Lebanon 61.27 2.71 LKA Sri Lanka 69.23 2.40 LSO Lesotho 33.26 2.10 LTU Lithuania 77.02 3.04 LUX Luxembourg 85.04 3.91 LVA Latvia 76.01 2.97 MAR Morocco 72.63 2.64 MDA Moldova 66.19 2.21 MDG Madagascar 31.41 2.29 MEX Mexico 72.45 2.96 MLI Mali 43.87 2.20 MMR Myanmar 2.17 MNE Montenegro 63.58 2.43 MNG Mongolia 56.56 2.10 MOZ Mozambique 35.15 2.14 MUS Mauritius 68.70 2.52 MWI Malawi 35.56 2.74 MYS Malaysia 78.03 3.41 NAM Namibia 58.50 2.38 NER Niger (the) 2.30 NGA Nigeria 39.71 2.51 NIC Nicaragua 55.60 2.31 NLD Netherlands 94.34 4.17 NPL Nepal 51.79 2.08 NZL New Zealand 75.53 3.61 OMN Oman 80.50 3.06 PAK Pakistan 55.55 2.50 PAN Panama 69.47 2.96 PER Peru 62.31 2.63 PHL Philippines 57.83 2.68 POL Poland 81.15 3.18 PRT Portugal 83.60 3.26 PRY Paraguay 59.83 2.44 ROU Romania 71.68 RUS Russian Federation 73.84 2.55 RWA Rwanda 52.00 2.32 SAU Saudi Arabia 78.06 3.21 SEN Senegal 51.35 2.42 SGP Singapore 95.45 4.15 SLE Sierra Leone 1.84 SLV El Salvador 61.02 2.43 SRB Serbia 73.84 2.57 SUR Suriname SVK Slovak Republic 78.55 3.06 SWZ Swaziland 53.75 SYC Seychelles 62.33 TCD Chad 30.53 2.16 TGO Togo 2.30 THA Thailand 67.84 3.21 TJK Tajikistan 60.61 2.20 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 58.01 2.36 TUN Tunisia 62.74 2.46 TUR Turkey 74.27 3.34 TZA Tanzania 44.92 2.51 UGA Uganda 47.88 2.43 UKR Ukraine 70.34 2.50 URY Uruguay 68.67 2.65 USA United States 87.90 4.02 VEN Venezuela 46.18 2.41 VNM Viet Nam 65.92 2.90 YEM Yemen 33.85 2.37 ZAF South Africa 68.13 3.42 COD 29.23 Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) ZMB Zambia 43.27 2.18 ZWE Zimbabwe 39.77 2.24 ATG Antigua and Barbuda BHS Bahamas (the) 2.60 DJI Djibouti 2.24 DMA Dominica ERI Eritrea 1.92 FJI Fiji 2.30 GRD Grenada HUN Hungary 80.68 3.20 JAM Jamaica 62.51 2.38 LCA Saint Lucia MKD Republic of North Macedonia66.85 2.55 MRT Mauritania 32.38 2.18 PNG Papua New Guinea 2.16 SDN Sudan (the) 2.00 SLB Solomon Islands 2.31 SVN Slovenia 78.08 3.16 TKM Turkmenistan 2.22 TON Tonga UZB Uzbekistan 2.39 VCT Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VUT Vanuatu WSM Samoa BRN Brunei Darussalam 70.07 2.60 CYP Cyprus 74.91 2.98 DNK Denmark 87.09 3.84 ESP Spain 90.31 3.72 HKG Hong Kong SAR 94.05 4.04 MLT Malta 75.02 3.00 NOR Norway 75.80 3.91 QAT Qatar 81.64 3.20 SWE Sweden 84.01 4.00 TWN Taiwan, China 86.69 3.63 ABW Aruba AFG Afghanistan 1.93 AND Andorra ASM American Samoa BMU Bermuda CHI Channel Islands CUB Cuba 2.04 CUW Curaçao CYM Cayman Islands FRO Faroe Islands FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. GIB Gibraltar GNQ Equatorial Guinea 1.83 GRL Greenland GUM Guam IMN Isle of Man IRQ Iraq 2.04 KIR Kiribati KNA St. Kitts and Nevis LBR Liberia 2.21 LBY Libya 2.28 LIE Liechtenstein MAC Macao SAR, China MAF St. Martin (French part) MCO Monaco MDV Maldives 2.50 MHL Marshall Islands MNP Northern Mariana Islands NCL New Caledonia NRU Nauru PLW Palau PRI Puerto Rico PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PSE West Bank and Gaza PYF French Polynesia SMR San Marino SOM Somalia 1.60 SSD South Sudan STP São Tomé and Príncipe 2.34 SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SYR Syrian Arab Republic 2.18 TCA Turks and Caicos Islands TLS Timor-Leste TUV Tuvalu VGB British Virgin Islands VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) XKX Kosovo Average 65.40 2.72 2. Efficiency of Public Spending in Education,Health, and Infrastructure Global Competitiveness Index Logistics Performance Index Education GCI Input Efficiency -infra, Output Efficiency -infra, Input GCI Efficiency -infra, Output LPI Input Efficiency -infra, LPI Efficiency -edu 0.55 0.47 0.47 0.30 0.79 0.54 0.65 0.53 0.41 0.76 0.11 0.87 0.10 0.87 0.61 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.59 0.53 0.68 0.76 0.68 0.46 0.88 0.63 0.83 0.73 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.46 0.81 0.41 0.47 0.90 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.36 0.74 0.94 0.56 0.50 0.54 0.50 0.76 0.54 0.45 0.53 0.47 0.74 0.53 0.61 0.52 0.46 0.82 0.65 0.77 0.59 0.54 0.76 0.52 0.82 0.48 0.62 0.60 0.70 0.55 0.51 0.80 0.43 0.64 0.45 0.63 0.44 0.41 0.55 0.64 0.73 0.56 0.65 0.56 0.59 0.66 0.67 0.44 0.33 0.60 0.46 0.58 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.53 0.45 0.76 0.60 0.86 0.58 0.88 0.93 0.70 0.82 0.70 0.62 0.58 0.30 0.82 0.28 0.83 0.73 0.55 0.59 0.54 0.55 0.76 0.55 0.50 0.54 0.41 0.77 0.49 0.31 0.74 0.59 0.71 0.59 0.50 0.67 0.54 0.37 0.77 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.69 0.74 0.71 0.48 0.47 0.59 0.89 0.57 0.70 0.96 0.75 0.72 0.68 0.46 0.72 0.45 0.68 0.41 0.46 0.57 0.45 0.76 0.36 0.51 0.67 0.55 0.79 0.58 0.59 0.76 0.47 0.79 0.48 0.64 0.68 0.52 0.53 0.50 0.37 0.74 0.55 0.88 0.59 0.88 0.78 0.94 0.73 0.88 0.72 0.53 0.51 0.35 0.83 0.90 0.92 0.53 0.74 0.54 0.43 0.77 0.60 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.71 0.55 0.49 0.52 0.37 0.77 0.54 0.61 0.54 0.41 0.77 0.55 0.37 0.77 0.63 0.83 0.67 0.64 0.77 0.62 0.67 0.60 0.47 0.79 0.39 0.38 0.77 0.56 0.67 0.55 0.45 0.67 0.59 0.84 0.61 0.58 0.66 0.54 0.35 0.51 0.29 0.80 0.57 0.75 0.57 0.58 0.78 0.53 0.77 0.50 0.66 0.73 0.80 0.66 0.74 0.64 0.50 0.78 0.88 0.80 0.81 0.89 0.95 0.68 0.58 0.76 0.58 0.57 0.76 0.56 0.97 0.52 0.95 0.85 0.75 0.84 0.50 0.90 0.53 0.62 0.52 0.54 0.72 0.65 0.56 0.62 0.52 0.46 0.79 0.60 0.96 0.51 0.84 0.33 0.72 0.32 0.62 0.45 0.50 0.37 0.82 0.67 0.67 0.75 0.53 0.94 0.58 0.77 0.57 0.44 0.93 0.51 0.41 0.50 0.37 0.68 0.69 0.81 0.64 0.63 0.68 0.69 0.87 0.90 0.83 0.49 0.78 0.51 0.62 0.59 0.53 0.80 0.52 0.53 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.70 0.38 0.63 0.56 0.41 0.54 0.46 0.76 0.67 0.80 0.60 0.62 0.61 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.42 0.75 0.51 0.38 0.80 0.41 0.67 0.51 0.45 0.53 0.64 0.49 0.34 0.66 0.54 0.47 0.52 0.40 0.73 0.61 0.75 0.60 0.48 0.66 0.55 0.48 0.53 0.60 0.74 0.40 0.83 0.33 0.76 0.59 0.54 0.66 0.52 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.46 0.75 0.59 0.50 0.58 0.52 0.54 0.64 0.53 0.44 0.72 0.87 0.96 0.85 0.92 0.54 0.59 0.55 0.36 0.74 0.45 0.79 0.43 0.81 0.18 0.82 0.14 0.64 0.50 0.57 0.68 0.56 0.51 0.79 0.51 0.74 0.45 0.61 0.84 0.55 0.69 0.52 0.53 0.75 0.57 0.67 0.57 0.56 0.76 0.54 0.86 0.53 0.69 0.93 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.53 0.60 0.65 0.61 0.46 0.74 0.69 0.77 0.87 0.76 0.80 0.70 0.47 0.66 0.53 0.61 0.52 0.46 0.75 0.21 0.78 0.16 0.68 0.27 0.55 0.62 0.53 0.49 0.72 0.86 0.97 0.54 0.96 0.56 0.47 0.54 0.29 0.74 0.59 0.69 0.59 0.47 0.74 0.61 0.81 0.66 0.50 0.72 0.57 0.61 0.84 0.60 0.64 0.54 0.65 0.64 0.47 0.69 0.69 0.56 0.43 0.54 0.41 0.77 0.53 0.45 0.74 0.51 0.76 0.50 0.71 0.74 0.51 0.70 0.51 0.42 0.76 0.65 0.59 0.71 0.59 0.48 0.57 0.60 0.79 0.61 0.73 0.58 0.53 0.55 0.52 0.52 0.75 0.55 0.56 0.54 0.50 0.77 0.63 0.78 0.69 0.49 0.76 0.63 0.76 0.58 0.52 0.62 0.78 0.94 0.87 0.90 0.53 0.75 0.51 0.63 0.70 0.55 0.44 0.48 0.46 0.62 0.77 0.60 0.76 0.60 0.55 0.42 0.76 0.53 0.57 0.53 0.39 0.74 0.72 0.97 0.47 0.49 0.41 0.52 0.30 0.56 0.41 0.71 0.46 0.84 0.51 0.70 0.63 0.63 0.56 0.73 0.57 0.50 0.58 0.41 0.56 0.37 0.81 0.80 0.65 0.30 0.65 0.83 0.58 0.67 0.54 0.83 0.59 0.60 0.45 0.89 0.74 0.68 0.76 0.44 0.47 0.96 0.58 0.81 0.56 0.62 0.43 0.80 0.91 0.78 0.85 0.97 0.59 0.64 0.97 0.43 0.94 0.74 0.78 0.62 0.62 0.41 0.38 0.77 0.45 0.90 0.80 0.54 0.89 0.62 0.92 0.73 0.89 0.67 0.79 0.40 0.48 0.31 0.75 0.18 0.22 0.39 0.32 0.68 0.53 0.44 0.52 0.42 0.77 0.20 0.45 0.74 0.51 0.49 0.41 0.68 0.46 0.45 0.69 0.67 0.47 0.67 0.58 0.72 0.55 0.54 0.70 ealth, and Infrastructure Education Health Output Efficiency -eduInput Efficiency -hea Output Efficiency -hea 0.77 0.87 0.75 0.98 0.92 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.76 0.93 0.99 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.98 0.58 0.97 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.86 0.79 0.76 0.56 0.96 0.61 0.83 0.77 0.59 0.81 0.76 0.90 0.84 0.89 0.98 0.88 0.91 0.95 0.78 0.94 0.98 0.88 0.90 0.82 0.91 0.98 0.81 0.86 0.98 0.88 0.92 1.00 0.90 0.96 0.91 0.86 0.88 0.97 0.83 0.82 0.40 0.80 0.67 0.60 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.91 0.97 0.99 0.91 0.94 0.68 0.84 0.72 0.84 0.83 0.74 0.82 0.84 0.80 0.98 0.82 0.94 0.78 0.82 0.80 0.98 0.82 0.90 0.98 0.81 0.97 0.75 0.95 0.53 0.95 0.97 0.92 0.90 0.96 0.85 0.93 0.98 0.85 0.94 0.89 0.90 0.88 1.00 0.87 0.94 0.74 0.81 0.82 0.61 0.97 0.72 0.98 0.89 0.95 0.84 0.58 0.97 0.99 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.84 0.79 0.50 0.82 0.77 0.68 0.81 0.78 0.60 0.81 0.74 0.97 0.84 0.98 0.94 0.87 0.90 0.97 0.89 0.86 0.95 0.84 0.92 1.00 0.78 0.94 0.84 0.83 0.80 0.99 0.91 0.88 0.90 0.85 0.86 0.70 0.98 0.97 0.91 0.93 0.85 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.98 0.91 0.99 0.98 0.84 0.91 0.93 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.88 0.82 0.80 0.99 0.81 0.88 0.92 0.82 0.86 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.85 0.87 0.84 0.98 0.90 0.96 0.98 0.94 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.64 1.00 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.91 0.91 0.88 0.93 1.00 0.82 0.87 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.51 0.81 0.75 0.92 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.93 0.99 0.87 0.86 0.72 0.80 0.74 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.75 0.80 0.78 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.82 0.77 0.46 0.80 0.78 0.84 0.86 0.67 0.92 0.81 0.91 0.63 0.97 0.90 0.82 0.87 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.75 0.85 0.83 0.97 0.87 0.95 0.98 0.90 0.93 0.98 0.86 0.88 0.88 0.94 0.98 0.76 0.98 0.98 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.90 0.92 0.98 0.95 0.91 0.85 0.80 0.84 0.99 0.94 0.68 0.82 0.84 0.90 0.96 0.67 0.81 0.70 0.97 0.79 0.89 0.98 0.82 0.92 0.98 0.89 0.88 0.80 0.93 0.94 0.83 0.69 0.98 0.93 0.90 0.35 0.81 0.67 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.97 0.94 0.93 1.00 0.81 0.87 1.00 0.98 0.93 0.97 0.86 0.93 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.84 0.81 0.80 0.89 0.81 0.78 1.00 0.84 0.88 0.97 0.80 0.94 0.52 0.93 0.98 0.89 0.93 0.97 0.80 0.77 0.86 0.80 0.76 0.91 0.82 0.78 0.91 0.81 0.74 0.94 0.94 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.90 0.83 0.99 0.92 0.89 0.99 0.86 0.92 0.96 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.92 0.87 0.93 0.68 0.84 0.81 0.68 0.83 0.81 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.90 1.00 0.75 0.98 1.00 0.93 0.83 0.99 0.82 0.87 0.99 0.84 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.96 0.81 0.87 0.98 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.92 1.00 0.98 0.52 0.95 0.98 0.94 0.99 0.97 0.83 0.99 0.55 0.97 0.92 0.97 0.55 0.97 0.98 0.47 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.84 0.88 0.89 0.87 0.77 0.84 0.57 0.81 0.79 0.91 0.88 0.90 0.98 0.80 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.94 0.98 0.97 0.81 0.86 0.83 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.83 0.88 Notes) The efficiency of public spending is calculated thorugh Data Envelop Analysis. The higher score is better. Infrastructure Input: public investment; output: quality of overall infrastructure Education Input: spending on education; output: literacy rate Health Input: Health Public Spending; output: Disability Life Expectancy 1.c Allocative Efficiency Back (Unit: All in percentile ranks) 29 TRUE Weight 3.4% Economy Code Sub total I. Budget reliability SYR Syrian Arab Republic 0.212 Income group Libya LBY 0.175 High income Sudan SDN 0.220 TurkmenistanTKM 0.260 Low income PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. 0.095 Lower middle income Chad TCD 0.178 0.013 Burundi BDI 0.233 Upper middle income Iraq IRQ 0.276 0.15 Venezuela, RBVEN 0.302 Region PNG Papua New Guinea 0.216 East Asia & Pacific Madagascar MDG 0.302 0.013 Somalia SOM 0.238 Europe & Central Asia Nigeria NGA 0.271 0.013 Latin America & Cari... Afghanistan AFG 0.257 0.013 Guinea-BissauGNB 0.348 Middle East & North ... Suriname SUR 0.341 North America GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.291 São Tomé andSTP Príncipe 0.259 0.15 South Asia Togo TGO 0.310 0.15 Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon CMR 0.276 0.493 Djibouti DJI 0.298 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.302 0 Pakistan PAK 0.370 Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.320 Mauritania MRT 0.295 0.356 Gabon GAB 0.331 0.013 Burkina Faso BFA 0.303 0.15 Algeria DZA 0.371 Lesotho LSO 0.299 0.301 Lao PDR LAO 0.343 0.452 Lebanon LBN 0.312 Mali MLI 0.352 0.219 Haiti HTI 0.339 Bolivia BOL 0.370 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.404 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.396 Eritrea ERI 0.285 Comoros COM 0.305 Nepal NPL 0.368 Nicaragua NIC 0.299 Guinea GIN 0.320 0.013 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.321 0.219 Niger NER 0.363 0.219 Angola AGO 0.335 Honduras HND 0.343 Myanmar MMR 0.353 0.821 Senegal SEN 0.355 0.712 South Sudan SSD 0.285 PYF French Polynesia 0.415 0.712 Liberia LBR 0.339 0.301 Cambodia KHM 0.331 0.616 Sierra Leone SLE 0.354 0.219 Cuba CUB 0.498 CAF Central African Republic 0.376 Zambia ZMB 0.329 0.452 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.360 0.356 Nauru NRU 0.379 0.013 El Salvador SLV 0.400 0.904 Guatemala GTM 0.406 0.493 Tonga TON 0.396 0.013 Tunisia TUN 0.424 Bangladesh BGD 0.433 0.356 SLB Solomon Islands 0.448 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.388 Paraguay PRY 0.447 0.013 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 0.437 Mozambique MOZ 0.374 0.452 Kenya KEN 0.413 0.493 Armenia ARM 0.472 Timor-Leste TLS 0.388 0.493 Congo, Rep. COG 0.349 Ethiopia ETH 0.433 0.356 Malawi MWI 0.412 0.493 Ecuador ECU 0.477 Sri Lanka LKA 0.467 Tajikistan TJK 0.446 0.616 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.494 Ghana GHA 0.422 0.15 Azerbaijan AZE 0.484 MHL Marshall Islands 0.436 New Caledonia NCL 0.424 0.972 South Africa ZAF 0.476 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.458 Argentina ARG 0.452 0.616 Gambia, The GMB 0.426 Eswatini SWZ 0.465 Benin BEN 0.426 Uganda UGA 0.431 0.712 Brazil BRA 0.484 Uzbekistan UZB 0.495 0.904 Belarus BLR 0.495 Mexico MEX 0.510 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.487 0.863 Namibia NAM 0.474 Ukraine UKR 0.481 0.493 Kuwait KWT 0.471 Tanzania TZA 0.477 0.219 India IND 0.517 Bahamas, TheBHS 0.486 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 0.478 0.356 Türkiye TUR 0.526 Vietnam VNM 0.489 RUS Russian Federation 0.536 Bulgaria BGR 0.548 Moldova MDA 0.496 0.493 Romania ROU 0.526 Philippines PHL 0.496 0.356 ATG Antigua and Barbuda 0.559 Qatar QAT 0.553 Bahrain BHR 0.482 Fiji FJI 0.507 0.013 MKD North Macedonia 0.524 0.356 Indonesia IDN 0.542 0.301 Maldives MDV 0.518 0.712 Panama PAN 0.544 Palau PLW 0.564 Botswana BWA 0.527 0.616 Serbia SRB 0.559 0.616 Hungary HUN 0.548 Peru PER 0.543 Jordan JOR 0.541 0.712 China CHN 0.579 Colombia COL 0.550 0.821 Costa Rica CRI 0.559 0.904 Belize BLZ 0.564 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.578 0.493 DOM Dominican Republic 0.571 0.904 Oman OMN 0.565 Jamaica JAM 0.553 0.863 Guyana GUY 0.542 Albania ALB 0.584 0.712 Mauritius MUS 0.564 Cabo Verde CPV 0.559 Malaysia MYS 0.616 Poland POL 0.599 Thailand THA 0.597 Mongolia MNG 0.581 0.712 Samoa WSM 0.601 Latvia LVA 0.558 Morocco MAR 0.619 0.904 Cyprus CYP 0.546 Greece GRC 0.556 Bhutan BTN 0.559 0.493 Lithuania LTU 0.574 Croatia HRV 0.620 Seychelles SYC 0.581 0.616 Tuvalu TUV 0.623 St. Vincent and the Grenadines VCT 0.655 Slovak RepublicSVK 0.582 Kiribati KIR 0.526 Chile CHL 0.639 BRN Brunei Darussalam 0.601 Estonia EST 0.582 Israel ISR 0.615 Vanuatu VUT 0.572 St. Lucia LCA 0.687 Rwanda RWA 0.604 0.712 Montenegro MNE 0.651 0.89 Italy ITA 0.602 Portugal PRT 0.600 Barbados BRB 0.618 Spain ESP 0.639 Georgia GEO 0.664 0.972 Taiwan, ChinaTWN 0.663 KNA St. Kitts and Nevis 0.682 ARE United Arab Emirates 0.672 Malta MLT 0.621 Grenada GRD 0.729 Belgium BEL 0.621 Canada CAN 0.640 Uruguay URY 0.702 Aruba ABW 0.628 Dominica DMA 0.679 Slovenia SVN 0.642 Ireland IRL 0.641 Czech Republic CZE 0.649 United Kingdom GBR 0.660 Kosovo XKX 0.769 0.616 Singapore SGP 0.662 Denmark DNK 0.707 France FRA 0.738 Luxembourg LUX 0.685 Netherlands NLD 0.687 Australia AUS 0.720 Japan JPN 0.717 VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.538 Finland FIN 0.730 Puerto Rico PRI 0.699 Germany DEU 0.710 United States USA 0.703 Hong Kong SAR, HKGChina 0.711 Austria AUT 0.720 Iceland ISL 0.703 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.738 New Zealand NZL 0.749 San Marino SMR 0.595 Cayman Islands CYM 0.791 Sweden SWE 0.764 American Samoa ASM 0.536 Guam GUM 0.580 Switzerland CHE 0.761 MAC Macao SAR, China 0.703 Bermuda BMU 0.781 Andorra AND 0.675 Norway NOR 0.810 Greenland GRL 0.770 1 Liechtenstein LIE 0.929 Monaco MCO 0.994 Average 0.503 0.463 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Quality of Budget Institutions IV. Policy basedfiscal V. Predictability and II. Transparency of III. Management of strategy and control in budget VI. Accounting and public finance assets and liabilities budgeting institution reporting 0 0.109 0.027 0.054 0 0.205 0.273 0.698 0.164 0.027 0.356 0.369 0.123 0.095 0.356 0.205 0.369 0.027 0.068 0.041 0.095 0.054 0.397 0.369 0.232 0.041 0.013 0.013 0.027 0.041 0 0.054 0.027 0.191 0.041 0.15 0 0.123 0.136 0.232 0.123 0.109 0.123 0 0.041 0.205 0.191 0.027 0.369 0.15 0.301 0.287 0.301 0.095 0.15 0.41 0.191 0.657 0.191 0.424 0.041 0.287 0.301 0.095 0.041 0.095 0.013 0.178 0.041 0.232 0.41 0.397 0.698 0.369 0.232 0.479 0.287 0.205 0.273 0.15 0.15 0.287 0.397 0.273 0 0.041 0.287 0.26 0.191 0.232 0.876 0.191 0.301 0.602 0.726 0.123 0.054 0.397 0.191 0.15 0.301 0.109 0.219 0.438 0.589 0.15 0.397 0.301 0.164 0.041 0.726 0.506 0.547 0.273 0.424 0.41 0.109 0.465 0.136 0.589 0.602 0.109 0.931 0.671 0.589 0.794 0.191 0.123 0.369 0.794 0.027 0.054 0.027 0.068 0.794 0.602 0.671 0.232 0.438 0.232 0.602 0.397 0.301 0.438 0.232 0.698 0.671 0.301 0.273 0.589 0.15 0.397 0.547 0.328 0.424 0.753 0.287 0.547 0.712 0.232 0.041 0.191 0.301 0.328 0.726 0.356 0.506 0.972 0.698 0.424 0.479 0.397 0.027 0.328 0.424 0.794 0.397 0.465 0.52 0.424 0.301 0.191 0.397 0.438 0.356 0.726 0.739 0.547 0.726 0.794 0.41 0.109 0.465 0.52 0.356 0.547 0.506 0.178 0.438 0.15 0.945 0.506 0.794 0.52 0.589 0.89 0.671 0.657 0.602 0.917 0.26 0.739 0.547 0.931 0.589 0.205 0.575 0.465 0.575 0.424 0.602 0.739 0.26 0.753 0.945 0.356 0.849 0.547 0.438 0.232 0.794 0.89 0.739 0.794 0.917 0.917 0.931 0.849 0.958 0.849 0.972 0.958 1 0.794 0.424 0.26 0.849 0.465 0.794 0.849 0.547 0.575 0.465 0.863 0.698 0.917 0.739 0.958 0.794 0.945 0.41 0.575 0.547 0.602 0.726 0.479 0.575 0.26 0.26 0.424 0.479 0.671 0.794 0.863 0.726 0.602 0.739 0.698 0.904 0.424 0.767 0.958 0.917 0.671 0.424 0.986 0.575 0.397 0.369 0.041 0.26 0.739 0.849 0.958 0.945 0.767 0.506 0.232 0.602 0.849 0.547 0.397 0.547 0.191 0.15 0.602 0.739 0.849 0.753 0.424 0.794 0.931 0.849 0.917 0.849 0.547 0.739 0.739 0.794 0.356 0.479 0.958 0.739 0.726 0.726 0.698 0.397 0.657 0.575 0.986 0.89 0.89 0.972 0.863 0.698 0.602 0.575 0.794 0.753 0.589 1 0.849 0.931 0.986 0.849 0.794 0.89 0.78 1 0.986 0.794 1 0.835 0.931 0.794 0.478 0.472 0.483 0.488 0.465 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Governance VII. External scrutiny Government and audit Budget transparency Budget Oversight Effectiveness Regulatory Quality 0.028 0.043 0.033 0.028 0.033 0.016 0.052 0.057 0.149 0.014 0.062 0 0 0.058 0.168 0.076 0.105 0.1 0.067 0.096 0.139 0.263 0.067 0.546 0.1 0.125 0 0.033 0.019 0.009 0.579 0.075 0.168 0.216 0.263 0.201 0.109 0.139 0.221 0.159 0.126 0.014 0.033 0.027 0.462 0.672 0.144 0.158 0.458 0.42 0.134 0.057 0.081 0.081 0.091 0.274 0.264 0 0.042 0.12 0.038 0.027 0.243 0.327 0.24 0.163 0.458 0.277 0.226 0.269 0.283 0.458 0.31 0.151 0.173 0.173 0.197 0.197 0.375 0.411 0.327 0.038 0.067 0.504 0.226 0.375 0.259 0 0 0.004 0.019 0.263 0.245 0.134 0.027 0.201 0.225 0.027 0.252 0.327 0.264 0.36 0.05 0.142 0.298 0.1 0.027 0.184 0.05 0.158 0.254 0.458 0.302 0.182 0.092 0.058 0.105 0.187 0.027 0.075 0.1 0.115 0.293 0.009 0.086 0.151 0.445 0.25 0.11 0.428 0.361 0.355 0.346 0.182 0.048 0.043 0.004 0 0.159 0.024 0.096 0.361 0.327 0.177 0.302 0.394 0.638 0.187 0.211 0.263 0.153 0.149 0.458 0.663 0.42 0.11 0.072 0.458 0.193 0.31 0.307 0.25 0.218 0.168 0.129 0.274 0.747 0.42 0.206 0.336 0.458 0.235 0.462 0.086 0.115 0.027 0.369 0.109 0.562 0.418 0.109 0.26 0 0.024 0.027 0.027 0.478 0.26 0.091 0.153 0.294 0.26 0.36 0.278 0.458 0.47 0.378 0.125 0.144 0.432 0.062 0.048 0.052 0.708 0.126 0.571 0.192 0.322 0.708 0.221 0.509 0 0.379 0.653 0.027 0.378 0.689 0.394 0.403 0.375 0.789 0.386 0.235 0.408 0.027 0.386 0.504 0.456 0.384 0.625 0.21 0.21 0.288 0.206 0.163 0.201 0.581 0.235 0.027 0.521 0.386 0.293 0.451 0.302 0.184 0.591 0.485 0.458 0.487 0.361 0.225 0.245 0.027 0.563 0.529 0.389 0.365 0.731 0.453 0.418 0.572 0.375 0.605 0.554 0.629 0.423 0.067 0.076 0.805 0.084 0.605 0.312 0.168 0.625 0.134 0.411 0.216 0.24 0.495 0.294 0.437 0.269 0.226 0.605 0.504 0.394 0.708 0.117 0.302 0.317 0.12 0.285 0.588 0.134 0.461 0.625 0.63 0.193 0.461 0.456 0.638 0.739 0.6 0.504 0.072 0.129 0.263 0.991 0.915 0.519 0.5 0.176 0.025 0.687 0.639 0.027 0.571 0.512 0.384 0.298 0.327 0.47 0.278 0.192 0.268 0.252 0.254 0.307 0.823 0.638 0.442 0.37 0.375 0.647 0.621 0.322 0.355 0.949 0.857 0.35 0.48 0.625 0.447 0.312 0.211 0.177 0.966 0.756 0.399 0.442 0.263 0.537 0.285 0.331 0.437 0.403 0.42 0.567 0.514 0.625 0.815 0.924 0.365 0.427 0.514 0.581 0.805 0.168 0.21 0.283 0.288 0.352 0.722 0.625 0.495 0.682 0.538 1 0.756 0.663 0.259 0.317 0.621 0.689 0.495 0.49 0.436 0.899 0.62 0.379 0.899 0.865 0.451 0.326 0.873 0.689 0.471 0.677 0.708 0.831 0.764 0.37 0.524 0.764 0.31 0.475 0.629 0.375 0.848 0.815 0.576 0.548 0.466 0.658 0.042 0 0.826 0.774 0.74 0.764 0.861 0.344 0.092 0.706 0.519 0.708 0.336 0.529 0.5 0.663 0.458 0.865 0.689 0.653 0.625 0.263 0.658 0.331 0.586 0.586 0.403 0.591 0.625 0.319 0.47 0.644 0.721 0.93 0.512 0.512 0.557 0.533 0.445 0.588 0.716 0.687 0.722 0.865 0.413 0.552 0.375 0.739 0.193 0.596 0.576 0.142 0.075 0.764 0.413 0.458 0.554 0.84 0.524 0.605 0.263 0.781 0.882 0.61 0.682 0.336 0.375 0.708 0.773 0.672 0.572 0.562 0.027 0.932 0.739 0.548 0.557 0.48 0.634 0.805 0.588 0.487 0.663 0.6 0.423 0.341 0.805 0.596 0.806 0.533 0.596 0.769 0.841 0.552 0.61 0.529 0.226 0.812 0.725 0.705 0.924 0.634 0.759 0.655 0.63 0.605 0.567 0.93 0.689 0.84 0.346 0.447 0.673 0.466 0.774 0.855 0.861 0.546 0.386 0.509 0.475 0.745 0.769 0.677 0.673 0.93 0.754 0.399 0.817 0.865 0.798 0.789 0.701 0.692 0.458 0.783 0.528 0.341 0.389 0.639 0.644 0.806 0.554 0.692 0.778 0.528 0.35 0.672 0.579 0.711 0.793 0.913 0.817 0.894 0.927 0.875 0.85 0.326 0.471 0.485 0.649 0.708 0.453 0.781 0.615 0.543 0.93 0.538 0.668 0.924 0.89 0.649 0.697 0.697 0.823 0.807 0.735 0.697 0.716 0.613 0.722 0.788 0.74 0.861 1 0.823 0.721 0.826 0.918 0.913 0.668 0.711 0.899 0.822 0.778 0.745 0.543 0.62 0.831 0.87 0.26 0.487 0.951 0.942 0.759 0.73 0.836 0.788 0.485 0.615 0.84 0.949 0.846 0.754 0.923 0.932 0.68 0.949 0.822 0.875 0.907 0.798 0.865 0.908 0.861 1 1 0.99 0.98 0.882 0.966 0.86 0.86 0.966 0.995 0.971 0.966 0.941 0.764 0.927 0.985 0.714 0.638 0.903 0.899 0.725 0.884 0.985 0.99 0.408 0.75 0.89 1 0.879 0.947 0.857 0.941 0.884 0.903 0.937 0.937 0.947 0.879 0.956 0.918 0.915 0.983 0.908 0.836 0.974 0.899 0.889 0.975 0.87 0.831 0.983 0.966 0.961 0.961 0.725 0.701 0.725 0.701 0.995 0.956 0.836 0.971 0.942 0.798 0.975 0.884 0.957 0.983 0.98 0.951 0.93 0.75 0.894 0.932 0.923 0.447 0.499 0.496 0.493 0.493 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Governance Scarcity of Public Capital Ratio of Public Public Investment (% Ratio of Public Capital to Private Rule of Law Control of corruption of total expenditure) Capital Stock to GDP Capital 0.009 0.004 0.028 0.038 0.1 0.076 0.062 0.057 0.048 0.024 0.076 0.048 0.5 0.177 0.369 0.081 0.028 0.427 0.226 0.227 0.033 0.091 0.656 0.852 0.025 0 0.019 1 1 0.056 0.245 0.25 0.206 0.187 0.807 0.57 0.166 0.004 0.009 0.211 0.149 0.632 0.503 0.27 0.019 0.125 0.855 0.987 0.007 0.067 0.072 0.53 0.466 0.013 0.495 0.399 0.105 0.033 0.939 0.963 0.037 0.25 0.625 0.897 0.969 0.031 0.317 0.274 0.795 0.809 0.093 0.134 0.139 0.753 0.208 0.547 0.163 0.24 0.734 0.687 0.129 0.038 0.043 0.801 0 0.921 0.278 0.235 0.56 0.128 0.448 0.024 0.014 0.487 0.993 0.246 0.259 0.221 0.548 0.337 0.884 0.254 0.211 0.343 0.717 0.412 0.36 0.519 0.644 0.374 0.215 0.225 0.298 0.861 0.883 0.148 0.37 0.451 0.62 0.871 0.117 0.274 0.153 0.867 0.447 0.32 0.149 0.105 0.03 0.153 0.994 0.187 0.201 0.813 0.184 0.258 0.091 0.052 0.987 0.901 0.289 0.115 0.206 0.777 0.742 0.074 0.451 0.269 0.68 0.349 0.086 0.177 0.134 0.409 0.65 0.645 0.052 0.096 0.373 0.975 0 0.096 0.081 0.692 0.122 0.927 0.346 0.331 0.668 0.092 0.859 0.072 0.1 0.704 0.521 0.461 0.125 0.177 0.957 0.331 0.209 0.086 0.086 0.375 0.322 0.933 0.601 0.473 0.173 0.278 0.512 0.865 0.283 0.153 0.144 0.361 0.748 0.491 0.057 0.158 0.849 0.282 0.387 0.399 0.586 0.698 0.343 0.418 0.014 0 0.662 0.182 0.192 0.915 0.558 0.497 0.192 0.115 0.554 0.368 0.221 0.221 0.37 0.837 0.141 0.197 0.379 0.552 0.043 0.11 0.945 0.981 0.05 0.302 0.254 0.626 0.116 0.896 0.336 0.259 0.24 0.375 0.216 0.326 0.168 0.484 0.602 0.139 0.12 0.204 0.245 0.718 0.548 0.495 0.524 0.288 0.405 0.288 0.182 0.975 0.269 0.577 0.408 0.509 0.692 0.697 0.322 0.163 0.542 0.159 0.663 0.49 0.475 0.158 0.225 0.843 0.773 0.105 0.389 0.264 0.746 0.19 0.399 0.504 0.596 0.307 0.073 0.7 0.658 0.408 0.12 0.062 0.891 0.815 0.596 0.293 0.394 0.993 0.582 0.111 0.456 0.461 0.771 0.263 0.154 0.413 0.302 0.674 0.92 0.191 0.543 0.442 0.686 0.098 0.81 0.11 0.067 0.963 0.834 0.08 0.427 0.288 0.12 0.693 0.277 0.514 0.514 0.397 0.012 0.933 0.307 0.216 0.825 0.527 0.099 0.586 0.572 0.562 0.557 0.253 0.276 0.731 0.581 0.644 0.783 0.858 0.135 0.35 0.389 0.138 0.085 0.743 0.394 0.423 0.903 0.404 0.185 0.312 0.283 0.493 0.791 0.16 0.298 0.504 0.789 0.411 0.264 0.403 0.173 0.921 0.036 0.669 0.423 0.346 0.06 0.76 0.43 0.197 0.23 0.71 0.104 0.203 0.129 0.49 0.23 0.168 0.325 0.472 0.657 0.283 0.413 0.759 0.042 0.504 0.629 0.629 0.415 0.588 0.344 0.264 0.245 0.126 0.576 0.792 0.591 0.533 0.319 0.699 0.301 0.326 0.427 0.981 0.319 0.338 0.519 0.466 0.65 0.515 0.454 0.552 0.846 0.265 0.006 1 0.144 0.129 0.365 0.403 0.271 0.202 0.951 0.485 0.471 0.765 0.22 0.485 0.201 0.197 0.283 0.613 0.571 0.533 0.485 0.24 0.355 0.755 0.418 0.355 0.259 0.049 0.798 0.644 0.528 0.277 0.386 0.853 0.269 0.341 0.578 0.055 0.847 0.615 0.634 0.451 0.907 0.295 0.812 0.788 0.673 0.605 0.337 0.607 0.522 0.605 0.673 0.433 0.435 0.565 0.524 0.432 0.475 0.441 0.436 0.466 0.384 0.596 0.134 0.988 0.471 0.418 0.969 0.877 0.178 0.447 0.307 0.728 0.196 0.866 0.48 0.375 0.677 0.75 0.614 0.797 0.313 0.509 0.36 0.156 0.03 0.97 0.697 0.562 0.295 0.361 0.761 0.331 0.293 0.572 0.423 0.608 0.576 0.576 0.385 0.306 0.516 0.538 0.581 0.927 0.944 0.142 0.355 0.437 0.301 0.11 0.902 0.663 0.677 0.355 0.018 0.945 0.235 0.456 0.584 0.84 0.234 0.341 0.48 0.421 0.024 0.878 0.5 0.312 0.246 0.214 0.829 0.639 0.6 0.885 0.95 0.043 0.475 0.538 0.384 0.5 0.951 0.889 0.062 0.437 0.317 0.481 0.674 0.528 0.783 0.668 0.469 0.564 0.356 0.62 0.831 0.391 0.711 0.479 0.701 0.61 0.831 0.846 0.172 0.653 0.701 0.228 0.233 0.626 0.557 0.35 0.722 0.73 0.424 0.461 0.336 0.59 0.828 0.252 0.798 0.721 0.826 0.769 0.349 0.3 0.841 0.442 0.365 0.506 0.392 0.89 0.725 0.653 0.066 0.754 0.724 0.625 0.615 0.09 0.705 0.467 0.721 0.903 0.873 0.803 0.442 0.836 0.802 0.216 0.171 0.749 0.6 0.591 0.102 0.779 0.375 0.61 0.918 0.445 0.938 0.307 0.754 0.73 0.711 0.783 0.638 0.914 0.35 0.745 0.62 0.222 0.312 0.835 0.798 0.639 0.807 0.817 0.198 0.067 0.982 0.793 0.86 0.313 0.766 0.553 0.899 0.899 0.367 0.453 0.688 0.817 0.807 0.048 0.061 0.964 0.668 0.548 0.716 0.711 0.536 0.723 0.589 0.572 0.716 0.909 0.496 0.068 0.528 0.543 0.457 0.251 0.54 0.596 0.692 0.006 0.49 0.816 0.85 0.778 0 0.509 0.706 0.634 0.855 0.108 0.926 0.51 0.788 0.764 0.018 0.417 0.78 0.567 0.754 0.566 0.736 0.24 0.879 0.85 0.602 0.662 0.381 0.682 0.663 0.518 0.785 0.737 0.774 0.841 0.879 0.932 0.123 0.778 0.649 0.144 0.325 0.823 0.687 0.687 0.463 0.822 0.326 0.884 0.894 0.012 0.147 0.976 0.923 0.923 0.186 0.478 0.767 0.759 0.913 0.331 0.631 0.362 0.87 0.793 0.75 0.706 0.716 0.957 0.019 0.831 0.759 0.15 0.539 0.694 0.908 0.927 0.096 0.079 0.939 0.841 0.725 0.234 0.546 0.786 0.894 0.932 0.078 0.239 0.804 0.985 0.985 0.819 0.398 0.712 0.99 1 0.072 0.638 0.534 0.875 0.87 0.042 0.668 0.632 0.966 0.961 0.192 0.294 0.62 0.951 0.971 0.132 0.619 0.583 0.927 0.947 0.18 0.165 0.958 0.913 0.908 0.379 0.895 0.332 0.822 0.567 1 0.995 0.114 0.644 0.675 0.706 0.658 0.918 0.956 0.024 0.257 0.908 0.889 0.836 0.21 0.552 0.559 0.903 0.942 0.74 0.595 0.681 0.971 0.865 0.036 0.46 0.872 0.961 0.951 0.054 0.429 0.651 0.846 0.774 0.608 0.533 0.774 0.98 0.99 0.403 0.68 0.393 0.764 0.682 0.947 0.975 0.162 0.656 0.614 0.86 0.875 0.86 0.875 0.975 0.966 0.174 0.38 0.915 0.769 0.798 0.439 0.73 0.875 0.932 0.875 0.995 0.98 0.289 0.625 0.639 0.937 0.822 0.956 0.937 0.494 0.493 0.502 0.500 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% al Spending for clim Expenditure on Expenditure on K/L: Ratio of Public Environment Environment Capital Stock to Fuel Subsidy (% of Fuel Subsidy (% of Protection (% of Protection (% of Public Employment total expenditure) GDP) total expenditure) GDP) 0.011 0.006 0.006 0.048 0.022 0.143 0.155 0.361 0.487 0.398 0.44 0.065 0.038 0.008 1 0 0.296 0.334 0.588 0.375 0.103 0.285 0.381 0.775 0.821 0.833 0.173 0.508 0.318 0.424 0.887 0.431 0.456 0.274 0.278 0.094 0.683 0.715 0.07 0.053 0.409 0.493 0.334 0.355 0.405 0.248 0.307 0.511 0.583 0.172 0.173 0.159 1 1 0.258 0.13 0.18 0.796 0.836 0.396 0.119 0.175 0.635 0.699 0.12 0.619 0.678 0.156 0.134 0.543 0.054 0.027 0.318 0.705 0.646 0.301 0.425 0.498 0.672 0.017 0.016 0.019 0.048 0.293 0.549 0.62 0.264 0.408 0.62 0.259 0.202 0.336 0.06 0.064 0.706 0 0.022 0.823 0.815 0.732 0.762 0.06 0.463 0.514 0.441 0.394 0.517 0.535 0.205 0.23 0.78 0.784 1 1 0.241 0.275 0.318 0.827 0.135 0.165 0.088 0.076 0.637 0.371 0.397 0.176 0.192 0.31 0.216 0.249 0.068 0.038 0.284 0.63 0.683 0.617 0.49 1 1 0 1 1 0.129 0.699 0.704 0.264 0.25 0.034 0.694 0.709 0.656 0.694 0.112 0.312 0.302 0.137 0.125 0.106 0 0.834 0.826 0.392 0.836 0.551 0.253 0.239 0.225 0.259 0.491 0.457 0.577 0.862 0.442 1 1 0.198 0.183 0.17 0.577 0.178 0.254 0.058 0.019 1 1 0.48 0.548 0.785 0.773 0.294 0.471 0.344 0.581 0.641 0.237 0.217 0.813 0.701 0.137 1 1 0.189 1 1 0.215 0.211 0.068 0.049 0.096 0.5 0.461 0.242 0.149 0.759 0.778 0.199 0.276 1 1 0.905 0.156 0.133 0.215 0.226 0.297 0.033 0.032 0.534 0.678 0.651 0.086 0.737 0.752 0.181 0.087 0.085 0.009 0.028 1 1 0.422 0.221 0.207 0.382 0.365 0.027 0.011 0.603 0.302 0.228 0.127 0.201 0.017 1 1 0.474 1 1 0.568 0.194 0.265 0.025 0.845 0.847 0.362 0.269 0.767 0.468 0.418 0.46 0.528 0.167 0.154 0.049 0.057 0.291 0.223 0.117 0.182 0.724 0.232 0.244 0.25 1 1 0.482 1 1 0.323 0.355 0.103 0.075 0.284 0.346 0.896 0.14 0.069 1 1 0 0.009 0.28 0.281 0.269 0.313 0.95 0.846 0.081 0.08 0.245 0.288 0.784 0.328 0.286 0.411 0.451 0.077 0.565 0.519 0.076 0.059 0.254 0.307 0.387 0.151 0.138 0.784 0.74 0.051 0.113 0.127 0.147 0.153 0.715 0.436 0.413 0.754 0.692 0.163 0.544 0.625 0.196 0.144 0.189 0.212 0.307 0.26 0.044 0.043 0.029 0.086 0.439 0.345 0.36 0.37 0.323 0.292 0.911 0.884 0.362 0.162 0.196 0.519 0.336 0.681 0.205 0.186 0.629 0.807 0.805 0.509 0.423 0.99 0.99 0.741 1 1 0.401 0.432 0.043 0.382 0.339 0.379 0.441 0.376 0.47 0.663 0.517 0.533 0.604 0.267 0.527 0.524 0.078 0.105 0.64 0.657 0.843 0.769 0.853 0.538 0.53 0.647 0.596 0.232 0.5 0.567 0.303 0.24 0.594 1 1 0.038 0.101 0.539 0.413 0.431 0.791 0.799 0.965 0.146 0.112 0.818 0.81 0.775 0.828 0.831 0.525 1 1 0.313 0.317 0.646 0.388 0.403 0.745 0.567 0.224 1 1 0.97 0.942 0.939 0.21 0.233 0.235 0.221 0.456 0.339 0.27 0.431 0.519 0.801 0.716 0.736 0.107 0.096 0.465 0.554 0.561 0.372 0.403 1 1 0.96 0.923 0.327 0.474 0.429 0.598 0.625 0.673 0.688 0.522 0.482 0.333 0.384 0.862 0.447 0.35 0.892 0.961 0.56 0.587 0.593 0.098 0.115 0.353 0.452 0.445 0.607 0.576 0.663 0.393 0.323 0.578 0.75 0.732 0.839 0.842 0.98 0.971 0.377 0.387 0.413 0.721 0.72 0.735 0.788 1 1 0.529 0.98 0.5 0.355 0.392 0.166 0.163 0.87 0.108 0.122 0.586 0.097 0.09 0.676 0.721 0.275 0.726 0.725 0.568 0.615 1 1 0.448 0.753 0.768 0.146 0.608 0.635 0.206 1 1 0.576 0.503 0.705 0.865 0.597 0.556 0.549 0.673 0.655 0.662 0.662 0.879 0.56 0.508 0.764 0.817 0.612 0.092 0.117 0.725 0.634 0.366 0.471 0.603 0.598 0.991 0.35 0.371 0.656 0.586 1 1 0.931 0.913 1 1 0.75 0.667 0.609 0.872 0.932 0.844 0.414 0.366 0.637 0.759 0.698 1 1 0.039 0.067 0.479 0.434 1 1 0.764 0.747 0.45 0.605 0.592 0.63 0.627 0.509 0.57 0.54 0.774 0.807 0.689 0.506 0.466 0.666 0.73 0.329 0.298 0.124 0.191 0.882 0.557 0.81 0.742 0.731 0.352 0.5 0.913 0.624 0.551 0.686 0.894 0.974 0.404 0.344 0.803 0.826 0.948 0.613 0.588 0.921 0.951 0.758 0.484 0.45 0.823 0.798 0.982 0.748 0.741 0.901 0.903 0.836 0.651 0.572 0.186 0.326 1 1 0.646 0.614 0.49 0.653 0.956 0.689 0.672 0.42 0.477 0.941 0.778 1 0.769 0.757 0.343 0.48 1 1 0.558 0.682 0.931 0.495 0.545 0.49 0.461 0.852 0.855 0.794 0.711 0.793 0.71 0.667 0.421 0.538 0.922 0.802 0.789 0.696 0.644 1 1 0.818 0.812 0.794 0.715 0.875 0.500 0.515 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Spending for climate change Efficiency score: Efficiency score: Efficiency score: Efficiency score: readiness vs readiness vs resilience vs resilience vs environment environment environment environment Readiness to Climate protection spending protection spending protection spending protection spending Change (input) (output) (input) (output) 0.041 0.125 0.083 0.036 0.34 0.005 0.099 0.198 0.01 0.141 0.207 0.019 0.072 0.083 0.089 0.387 0.257 0.158 0.083 0 0.047 0.062 0.118 0 0.052 0.01 0.104 0.314 0.057 0.408 0.261 0.078 0.267 0.015 0.162 0.073 0.392 0.193 0.188 0.336 0.069 0.093 0.062 0.282 0.251 0.272 0.214 0.712 0.435 0.916 0.906 0.204 0.052 0.136 0.324 0.513 0.026 0.172 0.382 0.148 0.148 0.041 0.093 0.146 0.366 0.029 0.281 0.239 0.225 0.02 0.287 0.068 0.633 0.217 0.802 0.395 0.109 0.346 0.009 0.312 0.218 0.12 0.554 0.247 0.187 0.229 0.335 0.079 0.089 0.02 0.072 0.151 0.157 0.277 0.039 0.26 0.114 0.246 0.329 0 0.298 0.396 0.108 0.114 0.125 0.633 0.099 0.386 0.345 0.386 0.099 0.302 0.281 0.256 0.188 0.079 0.197 0.197 0.507 0.019 0.267 0 0.041 0.549 0.115 0.97 0.811 0.562 0.687 0.502 0.059 0.257 0.01 0.052 0.376 0.108 0.138 0.031 0.02 0.403 0.35 0.158 0.118 0.489 0.437 0.094 0.167 0.356 0.049 0.104 0.104 0.712 0.455 0.465 0.395 0.343 0.46 0.031 0.219 0.13 0.319 0.471 0.277 0.429 0.361 0.591 0.594 0.762 0.666 0.791 0.397 0 0.168 0.424 0.247 0.178 0.25 0.302 0.759 0.45 0.465 0.455 0.718 0.572 0.23 0.235 0.293 0.183 0.217 0.059 0.062 0.031 0.371 0.168 0.128 0.375 0.364 0.418 0.534 0.554 0.927 0.895 0.753 0.851 0.801 0.885 0.875 0.434 0.178 0.455 0.227 0.207 0.239 0.145 0.534 0.297 0.287 0.5 0.406 0.544 0.209 0.927 0.968 0.356 0.575 0.128 0.326 0.177 0.177 0.476 0.306 0.237 0.572 0.541 0.649 0.316 0.405 0.604 0.614 0.497 0.801 0.811 0.623 0.812 0.802 0.659 0.178 0.415 0.468 0.489 0.56 0.445 0.584 0.333 0.427 0.581 0.198 0.336 0.208 0.312 0.308 0.415 0.297 0.322 0.25 0.617 0.748 0.691 0.97 0.98 0.643 0.675 0.089 0.425 0.385 0.468 0.439 0.287 0.188 0.27 0.187 0.554 0.465 0.326 0.227 0.541 0.447 0.565 0.029 0.306 0.586 0.237 0.346 0.218 0.166 0.607 0.717 0.435 0.475 0.51 0.5 0.486 0.492 0.485 0.673 0.927 0.916 0.701 0.405 0.445 0.343 0.354 0.445 0.138 0.198 0.166 0.291 0.628 0.425 0.663 0.76 0.593 0.303 0.738 0.623 0.495 0.645 0.583 0.366 0.706 0.481 0.24 0.518 0.376 0.277 0.291 0.333 0.811 0.613 0.574 0.229 0.26 0.596 0.049 0.356 0.135 0.27 0.722 0.574 0.772 0.895 0.739 0.821 0.702 0.594 0.729 0.677 0.654 0.564 0.831 0.635 0.76 0.638 0.267 0.396 0.458 0.385 0.57 0.039 0.316 0.125 0.135 0.848 0.693 0.633 0.406 0.375 0.528 0.78 0.673 0.534 0.75 0.656 0.774 0.495 0.524 0.364 0.666 0.68 0.475 0.792 0.354 0.208 0.863 0.762 0.683 0.552 0.458 0.696 0.504 0.742 0.77 0.635 0.612 0.069 0.376 0.145 0.156 0.842 0.685 0.732 0.524 0.485 0.479 0.51 0.602 0.009 0.366 0.816 0.94 0.92 0.927 0.968 0.764 0.884 0.732 0.722 0.52 0.52 0.795 0.603 0.544 0.708 0.75 0.413 0.623 0.523 0.67 0.769 0.544 0.514 0.614 0.697 0.858 0.683 0.653 0.531 0.625 0.785 0.806 0.584 0.564 0.781 0.833 0.837 0.643 0.613 0.156 0.322 0.827 0.853 0.782 0.643 0.593 0.479 0.743 0.514 0.504 0.447 0.604 0.664 0.869 0.653 0.693 0.437 0.562 0.905 0.801 0.782 0.822 0.822 0.727 0.95 0.97 0.927 0.968 0.79 0.879 0.772 0.712 0.697 0.718 0.874 0.891 0.702 0.854 0.927 0.832 0.663 0.603 0.791 0.812 0.937 0.831 0.871 0.833 0.854 1 0.97 0.98 0.677 0.531 0.984 0.96 0.95 0.687 0.645 0.9 0.742 0.752 0.583 0.781 0.916 0.841 0.821 0.875 0.843 0.921 0.722 0.841 0.416 0.552 0.952 0.821 0.9 0.656 0.729 0.926 0.752 0.851 0.427 0.416 0.973 0.97 0.98 0.927 0.958 0.942 0.861 0.881 0.864 0.864 0.91 0.931 0.93 0.861 0.927 0.937 0.958 0.881 0.91 0.739 0.708 0.963 0.979 0.871 0.94 0.625 0.77 0.89 0.792 0.732 0.968 0.92 0.93 0.906 0.885 0.947 0.9 0.891 0.927 0.968 0.539 0.989 0.91 0.96 0.843 0.947 0.895 0.994 0.500 0.499 0.499 0.497 0.499 TRUE TRUE TRUE 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Fiscal multipliers Benefit-tocost ratio of SPL ST multiplier LT multiplier Benefit- cost ratio of SPL programs 0.663 0.836 0.068 0.514 0.788 0.759 0.846 0.568 0.899 0.961 0.35 0.586 0.37 0.35 0.586 0.278 0.687 0.534 0.456 0.918 0.048 0.086 0.103 0.759 0.846 0 0.211 0.35 0.283 0.344 0.048 0.274 0.759 0.846 0.456 0.745 0.187 0.644 0.125 0.168 0.759 0.846 0.034 0.35 0.283 0.077 0.206 0.235 0.612 0.35 0.586 0.267 0.899 0.759 0.525 0.206 0.48 0.62 0.35 0.283 0.427 0.735 0.396 0.35 0.586 0.025 0.899 0.759 0 0.024 0.775 0.855 0.663 0.172 0.278 0.447 0.759 0.846 0.25 0.735 0.538 0 0.951 0.831 0.051 0.899 0.759 0.689 0.899 0.759 0 0.211 0.35 0.283 0.086 0.855 0.663 0.422 0.12 0.163 0.155 0.35 0.283 0.215 0.125 0.168 0.56 0.759 0.846 0.163 0.427 0.5 0.146 0.572 0.365 0.241 0.591 0.408 0.413 0.759 0.562 0.12 0 0.211 0.137 0.855 0.485 0 0.211 0.724 0.206 0.235 0.206 0.125 0.384 0.672 0.812 0.923 0.35 0.586 0 0.024 0.017 0.206 0.557 0.224 0.514 0.423 0.846 0.947 0.094 0.937 0.971 0.043 0.278 0.687 0.362 0.514 0.548 0.637 0.855 0.663 0.784 0.855 0.663 0.465 0.278 0.447 0.275 0.995 0.995 0.258 0.812 0.576 0 0.211 0.232 0.35 0.283 0.646 0.663 0.875 0.939 0.206 0.235 0.284 0 0.024 0.318 0.35 0.586 0.586 0.125 0.384 0.517 0.951 0.98 0.198 0.663 0.629 0.655 0.591 0.408 0.698 0.663 0.875 0.801 0 0.024 1 0.663 0.875 0.862 0.514 0.788 0.008 0.509 0.254 0.605 0.826 0.732 0.615 0.471 0.413 0.73 0.387 0.125 0.384 0.482 0.427 0.5 0.681 0.35 0.283 0.327 0.125 0.384 0.112 0.754 0.908 0.293 0.855 0.663 0.81 0.278 0.687 0.974 0.836 0.937 0.336 0.759 0.562 0.491 0.187 0.644 0.663 0.278 0.447 0.948 0.514 0.423 0.759 0.562 0.189 0.663 0.629 0.75 0.625 0.475 0.206 0.235 0.913 0.802 0.913 0.591 0.408 0.405 0.663 0.875 0.758 0.745 0.903 0.931 0.048 0.346 0.982 0.634 0.495 0.922 0.427 0.5 0.439 0.951 0.716 0.899 0.625 0.278 0.341 0.278 0.687 0.448 0.514 0.788 0.581 0.822 0.844 0.278 0.687 0.551 0.942 0.658 0.379 0.663 0.875 0.5 0.427 0.735 0.456 0.514 0.788 0.956 0.586 0.437 0.965 0.629 0.841 0.301 0.514 0.548 0.715 1 1 0.474 0.841 0.942 0.129 0.894 0.956 0.31 0.456 0.745 0.741 0.663 0.875 0.793 0.85 0.951 0.181 0.663 0.524 0.456 0.745 0.353 0.456 0.37 0.514 0.788 0.827 0.187 0.644 0.767 0.427 0.5 0.508 0.947 0.975 0.629 0.74 0.533 0.905 0.495 0.783 0.706 0.278 0.447 0.853 0.663 0.629 0.603 0.091 0.043 0.896 0.899 0.759 0.173 0.1 0.25 0.129 0.048 0.086 0.25 0.129 0.887 0.745 0.543 0.879 0.187 0.278 0.514 0.788 0.812 0.923 0.091 0.043 0.991 0.048 0.086 0.431 0.98 0.725 0.577 0.514 0.423 0.25 0.129 0.639 0.317 0.278 0.447 0.951 0.98 0.125 0.384 0.594 0.514 0.788 0.836 0.336 0.158 0.25 0.129 0.456 0.37 0.5 0.201 0.278 0.687 0.87 0.807 0.442 0.812 0.576 0.663 0.524 0.173 0.1 0.951 0.98 0.091 0.043 0.245 0.125 0.951 0.716 0.543 0.456 0.37 0.812 0.923 0.06 0.091 0.043 0.091 0.043 0.091 0.043 0.043 0 0.899 0.961 0.818 0.086 0.019 0.61 0.264 0.889 0.519 0.25 0.129 0.25 0.129 0.639 0.317 0.576 0.259 0.158 0.072 0.725 0.355 0.721 0.35 0.423 0.192 0.49 0.197 0.62 0.269 0.504 0.206 0.182 0.11 0.639 0.317 0.639 0.317 0.168 0.081 0.985 0.615 0.725 0.355 0.048 0.004 0.206 0.115 0.418 0.187 0.341 0.177 0.855 0.485 0.341 0.177 0.639 0.317 0.206 0.115 Budget Insitution 1. PEFA: Overall Score (A=7,B+=6, B= Source: The Public Expenditure II. Transparency of ISO Country I. Budget reliability public finance AFG Afghanistan 1.3 1.6 ALB Albania 4.0 3.3 Income ARG Argentina 3.7 4.7 BGD Bangladesh 2.7 1.8 High income BTN Bhutan 3.3 3.0 Low income BWA Botswana 3.7 3.0 BFA Burkina Faso 1.7 2.8 Lower middle income KHM Cambodia 3.7 3.5 Upper middle income CMR Cameroon 3.3 1.8 TCD Chad 1.3 1.3 (blank) COL Colombia 4.3 3.8 COK Cook Islands 4.3 4.7 Region CRI Costa Rica 5.3 5.0 East Asia & Pacific CIV Côte d'Ivoire 4.7 2.2 COD Democratic Republic of Congo1.0 1.7 Europe & Central Asia DOM Dominican Republic 5.3 3.8 Latin America & Cari... SLV El Salvador 5.3 3.3 ETH Ethiopia 2.7 4.0 Middle East & North... FJI Fiji 1.3 2.3 North America PYF French Polynesia 4.0 2.5 South Asia GAB Gabon 1.3 2.5 GEO Georgia 5.7 5.5 Sub-Saharan Africa GHA Ghana 1.7 2.8 (blank) GRL Greenland 6.0 4.0 GTM Guatemala 3.3 3.3 GIN Guinea 1.3 3.0 IDN Indonesia 2.3 4.5 IRQ Iraq 1.7 2.2 JAM Jamaica 4.7 3.2 JOR Jordan 4.0 3.3 KAZ Kazakhstan 3.3 2.3 KEN Kenya 3.3 2.7 XKX Kosovo 3.7 4.0 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 2.7 4.0 LAO Lao PDR 3.0 1.6 LSO Lesotho 2.3 1.5 LBR Liberia 2.3 1.8 MDG Madagascar 1.3 2.7 MWI Malawi 3.3 2.5 MDV Maldives 4.0 2.8 MLI Mali 2.0 2.8 MRT Mauritania 2.7 2.2 MDA Moldova 3.3 4.5 MNG Mongolia 4.0 4.0 MNE Montenegro 5.0 3.3 MAR Morocco 5.3 3.2 MOZ Mozambique 3.0 1.5 MMR Myanmar 4.3 4.2 NRU Nauru 1.3 1.4 NCL New Caledonia 5.7 3.2 NER Niger 2.0 1.5 NGA Nigeria 1.3 2.2 NIU Niue 2.3 2.6 MKD North Macedonia 2.7 3.2 PRY Paraguay 1.3 3.7 PHL Philippines 2.7 4.8 RWA Rwanda 4.0 4.3 STP Sao Tome and Principe 1.7 1.5 SEN Senegal 4.0 1.7 SRB Serbia 3.7 3.0 SYC Seychelles 3.7 3.4 SLE Sierra Leone 2.0 2.8 SPM St. Pierre and Miquelon 2.0 2.8 TJK Tajikistan 3.7 3.5 TZA Tanzania 2.0 2.7 TLS Timor-Leste 3.3 3.0 TGO Togo 1.7 1.3 TON Tonga 1.3 3.4 UGA Uganda 4.0 4.3 UKR Ukraine 3.3 3.3 UZB Uzbekistan 5.3 2.3 PSE West Bank and Gaza 2.7 4.0 ZMB Zambia 3.0 3.3 ZWE Zimbabwe 2.0 1.8 ABW Aruba AGO Angola AND Andorra ARE United Arab Emirates ARM Armenia ASM American Samoa ATG Antigua and Barbuda AUS Australia AUT Austria AZE Azerbaijan BDI Burundi BEL Belgium BEN Benin BGR Bulgaria BHR Bahrain BHS Bahamas, The BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina BLR Belarus BLZ Belize BMU Bermuda BOL Bolivia BRA Brazil BRB Barbados BRN Brunei Darussalam CAF Central African Republic CAN Canada CHE Switzerland CHI Channel Islands CHL Chile CHN China COG Congo, Rep. COM Comoros CPV Cabo Verde CUB Cuba CUW Curaçao CYM Cayman Islands CYP Cyprus CZE Czech Republic DEU Germany DJI Djibouti DMA Dominica DNK Denmark DZA Algeria ECU Ecuador EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. ERI Eritrea ESP Spain EST Estonia FIN Finland FRA France FRO Faroe Islands FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. GBR United Kingdom GIB Gibraltar GMB Gambia, The GNB Guinea-Bissau GNQ Equatorial Guinea GRC Greece GRD Grenada GUM Guam GUY Guyana HKG Hong Kong SAR, China HND Honduras HRV Croatia HTI Haiti HUN Hungary IMN Isle of Man IND India IRL Ireland IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. ISL Iceland ISR Israel ITA Italy JPN Japan KIR Kiribati KNA St. Kitts and Nevis KOR Korea, Rep. KWT Kuwait LBN Lebanon LBY Libya LCA St. Lucia LIE Liechtenstein LKA Sri Lanka LTU Lithuania LUX Luxembourg LVA Latvia MAC Macao SAR, China MAF St. Martin (French part) MCO Monaco MEX Mexico MHL Marshall Islands MLT Malta MNP Northern Mariana Islands MUS Mauritius MYS Malaysia NAM Namibia NIC Nicaragua NLD Netherlands NOR Norway NPL Nepal NZL New Zealand OMN Oman PAK Pakistan PAN Panama PER Peru PLW Palau PNG Papua New Guinea POL Poland PRI Puerto Rico PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRT Portugal QAT Qatar ROU Romania RUS Russian Federation SAU Saudi Arabia SDN Sudan SGP Singapore SLB Solomon Islands SMR San Marino SOM Somalia SSD South Sudan SUR Suriname SVK Slovak Republic SVN Slovenia SWE Sweden SWZ Eswatini SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SYR Syrian Arab Republic TCA Turks and Caicos Islands THA Thailand TKM Turkmenistan TTO Trinidad and Tobago TUN Tunisia TUR Türkiye TUV Tuvalu TWN Taiwan, China URY Uruguay USA United States VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines VEN Venezuela, RB VGB British Virgin Islands VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) VNM Vietnam VUT Vanuatu WSM Samoa YEM Yemen, Rep. ZAF South Africa 3.117 2.991 1. PEFA: Overall Score (A=7,B+=6, B=5, C+=4, C=3, D+=2, D=1): The higher score, the better. Source: The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Framework, IMF IV. Policy basedfiscal V. Predictability and III. Management of strategy and control in budget VI. Accounting and VII. External scrutiny assets and liabilities budgeting institution reporting and audit 1.8 3.6 3.4 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.4 4.9 3.3 4.5 3.3 5.0 3.6 3.7 1.5 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 6.0 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.5 2.3 4.2 2.9 3.3 1.5 3.3 4.0 3.1 3.3 1.0 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.3 1.0 5.3 5.6 4.1 3.3 3.0 3.8 5.4 3.6 2.0 1.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.3 3.0 3.9 5.0 1.5 3.8 3.0 3.5 2.7 1.5 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 4.5 4.3 3.8 5.3 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.8 3.5 3.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.5 4.3 5.8 6.3 5.0 5.0 2.0 3.8 3.6 3.0 3.5 6.0 5.2 5.8 4.7 6.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.3 2.0 4.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 3.0 2.3 4.4 2.8 1.7 2.0 3.0 4.0 2.9 2.3 4.5 4.0 4.4 5.5 3.3 2.5 4.0 5.4 5.9 5.7 4.0 3.3 6.2 4.3 3.3 1.5 4.8 4.8 6.6 6.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.3 5.3 6.5 1.5 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.5 3.4 2.5 2.0 1.5 3.0 3.4 2.8 2.0 1.5 2.8 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.3 3.6 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.9 4.3 2.0 3.0 4.4 3.4 2.7 1.5 2.3 2.0 3.4 2.3 2.0 5.0 5.4 5.9 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.0 6.0 3.5 5.0 4.9 3.7 6.0 4.0 4.6 5.3 3.0 5.0 2.3 3.4 3.3 4.3 3.0 2.3 3.4 3.9 4.3 3.0 1.8 2.0 2.4 4.7 1.0 3.3 2.4 3.5 2.3 2.0 2.5 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.9 3.7 1.5 3.5 3.8 5.4 4.0 4.0 2.5 4.0 4.5 2.7 1.5 5.3 6.4 5.3 3.3 2.5 4.8 6.2 5.4 4.0 4.0 1.5 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 3.6 2.9 2.3 1.5 3.8 5.0 5.4 4.3 6.0 3.0 4.2 3.8 6.7 3.0 2.0 3.8 2.6 3.7 3.0 3.5 1.2 3.9 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.0 3.5 2.7 4.5 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.7 1.5 3.8 4.2 3.9 5.3 2.5 4.0 3.2 4.9 5.7 3.5 4.0 4.0 5.8 3.7 3.5 2.3 2.2 3.4 4.7 4.0 2.0 5.8 4.1 3.7 4.0 2.5 3.6 3.1 1.3 3.0 3.177 3.803 3.814 3.473 3.055 2. Open Budget Survey Source: The International Budget Partnership (IBP) Budget transparency Budget Oversight 42.9 31.4 51.7 66.7 50.1 53.7 29.6 38.8 33.9 51.8 31.2 44.4 33.3 40.7 33.6 33.2 5.8 33.3 49.8 75.9 63.3 77.8 47.1 40.7 42.5 44.4 76.8 62.9 41.3 61.1 8.3 57.4 37.0 27.8 Note: Budget institution indicator (x-axis) is the first principal compon 86.7 74.1 56.2 38.8 64.2 46.3 70.4 61.1 6.1 55.4 50.4 51.9 61.5 38.8 63.0 61.1 50.1 53.7 62.0 60.9 26.3 20.3 45.2 40.7 26.9 29.6 19.8 48.0 8.0 29.6 65.4 63.0 59.9 75.9 48.3 46.3 45.3 44.4 30.0 50.0 26.6 42.6 44.7 61.1 36.1 53.7 46.5 46.3 68.2 74.0 44.6 64.8 31.2 44.4 40.0 29.6 46.4 53.7 45.2 46.2 15.6 42.5 21.4 38.8 52.5 55.5 31.5 38.9 58.4 59.1 64.8 81.6 18.6 55.6 59.3 48.1 29.7 33.3 61.3 49.9 79.4 63.0 57.4 62.9 8.9 24.1 65.4 59.3 71.4 61.1 32.3 57.4 20.5 48.2 79.5 77.7 31.5 51.9 59.5 57.3 20.2 27.7 0.0 33.3 59.8 83.4 72.9 90.7 3.4 31.5 45.5 40.8 43.1 44.4 54.3 61.2 71.9 85.2 73.8 66.6 35.5 51.8 0.0 18.4 61.5 48.1 64.2 64.9 44.3 57.4 37.3 61.2 75.0 78.5 61.1 59.3 73.9 87.1 8.6 22.2 29.9 57.4 82.1 62.9 46.8 38.9 42.3 48.1 42.2 59.3 81.0 87.1 39.4 44.4 84.6 79.6 45.8 38.9 61.1 77.8 50.4 27.7 60.5 81.6 60.4 74.1 1.8 5.5 62.6 42.6 73.5 77.8 23.0 11.1 1.2 5.6 20.5 29.7 14.7 40.7 64.8 55.5 65.7 83.4 85.4 85.2 31.5 40.6 58.4 59.2 33.6 35.1 41.6 53.0 54.6 61.1 68.2 83.3 0.0 12.9 43.7 79.6 0.0 5.5 86.4 81.4 45.303 52.118 Worldwide Governance IndicatorsBack https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/ Year 2021 Government Code Country Effectiveness Regulatory Quality Income ABW Aruba 0.836 0.788 AND Andorra 0.975 0.884 High income AFG Afghanistan 0.057 0.081 AGO Angola 0.129 0.274 Low income AIA Anguilla 0.793 0.798 Lower middle income ALB Albania 0.533 0.596 Upper middle income ANT Netherlands Antilles (former) ARE United Arab Emirates 0.899 0.822 (blank) ARG Argentina 0.384 0.298 ARM Armenia 0.418 0.572 Region ASM American Samoa 0.725 0.701 ATG Antigua and Barbuda 0.466 0.658 East Asia & Pacific AUS Australia 0.927 0.985 Europe & Central Asia AUT Austria 0.947 0.879 AZE Azerbaijan 0.6 0.504 Latin America & Cari... BDI Burundi 0.096 0.139 Middle East & North ... BEL Belgium 0.831 0.87 BEN Benin 0.442 0.37 North America BFA Burkina Faso 0.264 0.36 South Asia BGD Bangladesh 0.288 0.206 BGR Bulgaria 0.471 0.677 Sub-Saharan Africa BHR Bahrain 0.74 0.764 (blank) BHS Bahamas, The 0.682 0.538 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.134 0.461 BLR Belarus 0.211 0.177 BLZ Belize 0.336 0.375 BMU Bermuda 0.942 0.798 BOL Bolivia 0.25 0.11 BRA Brazil 0.35 0.48 BRB Barbados 0.697 0.716 BRN Brunei Darussalam 0.913 0.817 BTN Bhutan 0.754 0.399 SSD South Sudan 0 0.024 BWA Botswana 0.644 0.721 CAF Central African Republic 0.048 0.052 CAN Canada 0.951 0.942 CHE Switzerland 0.995 0.956 CHL Chile 0.711 0.793 CHN China 0.764 0.413 CIV Côte d'Ivoire 0.331 0.437 CMR Cameroon 0.173 0.173 COG Congo, Rep. 0.067 0.076 COK Cook Islands COL Colombia 0.524 0.605 COM Comoros 0.024 0.096 CPV Cape Verde 0.552 0.61 CRI Costa Rica 0.61 0.682 CUB Cuba 0.432 0.062 CYM Cayman Islands 0.87 0.831 CYP Cyprus 0.745 0.769 CZE Czech Republic 0.822 0.875 DEU Germany 0.879 0.947 DJI Djibouti 0.197 0.197 DMA Dominica 0.485 0.615 DNK Denmark 0.99 0.98 DOM Dominican Republic 0.548 0.557 DZA Algeria 0.298 0.1 ECU Ecuador 0.437 0.269 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.355 0.346 ERI Eritrea 0.043 0.004 ESP Spain 0.788 0.74 EST Estonia 0.894 0.927 ETH Ethiopia 0.312 0.168 FIN Finland 0.985 0.99 FJI Fiji 0.706 0.519 FRA France 0.86 0.86 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.581 0.235 GAB Gabon 0.201 0.225 GBR United Kingdom 0.865 0.908 GEO Georgia 0.721 0.826 GHA Ghana 0.461 0.456 GIN Guinea 0.153 0.149 GMB Gambia, The 0.278 0.192 GNB Guinea-Bissau 0.081 0.091 GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.12 0.038 GRC Greece 0.677 0.673 GRD Grenada 0.543 0.62 GRL Greenland 0.75 0.894 GTM Guatemala 0.235 0.408 GUF French Guiana 0.855 0.846 GUM Guam 0.725 0.701 GUY Guyana 0.423 0.341 HKG Hong Kong SAR, China 0.937 0.937 HND Honduras 0.206 0.336 HRV Croatia 0.701 0.692 HTI Haiti 0.009 0.086 HUN Hungary 0.716 0.687 IDN Indonesia 0.653 0.625 IND India 0.625 0.495 IRL Ireland 0.923 0.932 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.182 0.048 IRQ Iraq 0.1 0.125 ISL Iceland 0.956 0.918 ISR Israel 0.875 0.85 ITA Italy 0.649 0.697 JAM Jamaica 0.663 0.6 JOR Jordan 0.596 0.576 JPN Japan 0.903 0.899 KAZ Kazakhstan 0.572 0.562 KEN Kenya 0.389 0.365 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 0.259 0.317 KHM Cambodia 0.36 0.278 KIR Kiribati 0.528 0.35 KNA St. Kitts and Nevis 0.668 0.711 KOR Korea, Rep. 0.908 0.836 KWT Kuwait 0.514 0.581 LAO Lao PDR 0.302 0.182 LBN Lebanon 0.105 0.187 LBR Liberia 0.091 0.153 LBY Libya 0.033 0.028 LCA St. Lucia 0.485 0.649 LIE Liechtenstein 0.932 0.923 LKA Sri Lanka 0.504 0.394 LSO Lesotho 0.158 0.254 LTU Lithuania 0.817 0.865 LUX Luxembourg 0.966 0.995 LVA Latvia 0.774 0.855 KSV Kosovo 0.427 0.432 MAC Macao SAR, China 0.836 0.971 MAR Morocco 0.509 0.475 MCO Monaco MDA Moldova 0.37 0.524 MDG Madagascar 0.139 0.221 MDV Maldives 0.658 0.331 MEX Mexico 0.399 0.442 MHL Marshall Islands 0.072 0.129 MKD North Macedonia 0.5 0.663 MLI Mali 0.115 0.293 MLT Malta 0.778 0.745 MMR Myanmar 0.086 0.115 MNG Mongolia 0.346 0.447 MNE Montenegro 0.538 0.668 MOZ Mozambique 0.225 0.245 MRT Mauritania 0.245 0.134 MTQ Martinique 0.793 0.798 MUS Mauritius 0.769 0.841 MWI Malawi 0.216 0.24 MYS Malaysia 0.812 0.725 NAM Namibia 0.567 0.514 NER Niger 0.307 0.25 NGA Nigeria 0.144 0.158 NIC Nicaragua 0.187 0.211 NIU Niue NLD Netherlands 0.971 0.966 NOR Norway 0.98 0.951 NPL Nepal 0.177 0.302 NRU Nauru 0.379 0.653 NZL New Zealand 0.889 0.975 OMN Oman 0.48 0.634 PAK Pakistan 0.375 0.259 PAN Panama 0.586 0.586 PLW Palau 0.403 0.591 PER Peru 0.413 0.552 PHL Philippines 0.576 0.548 PNG Papua New Guinea 0.168 0.216 POL Poland 0.634 0.759 PRI Puerto Rico 0.408 0.75 PRK Korea, Dem. Rep. 0.062 0 PRT Portugal 0.807 0.735 PRY Paraguay 0.293 0.451 QAT Qatar 0.826 0.774 REU Réunion 0.793 0.798 ROU Romania 0.475 0.629 RUS Russian Federation 0.451 0.326 RWA Rwanda 0.615 0.543 WSM Samoa 0.673 0.466 SAU Saudi Arabia 0.687 0.639 SDN Sudan 0.052 0.057 SEN Senegal 0.562 0.418 SGP Singapore 1 1 SLB Solomon Islands 0.163 0.201 SLE Sierra Leone 0.125 0.144 SLV El Salvador 0.394 0.403 SMR San Marino SOM Somalia 0.014 0.033 STP São Tomé and Principe 0.24 0.163 SUR Suriname 0.274 0.264 SVK Slovak Republic 0.692 0.778 SVN Slovenia 0.846 0.754 SWE Sweden 0.961 0.961 SWZ Eswatini 0.254 0.307 SYC Seychelles 0.783 0.528 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 0.028 0.043 TCD Chad 0.076 0.105 TGO Togo 0.269 0.283 THA Thailand 0.605 0.567 TJK Tajikistan 0.317 0.12 TKM Turkmenistan 0.149 0.014 TMP Timor-Leste 0.23 0.23 TLS Tonga 0.629 0.423 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 0.591 0.485 TUN Tunisia 0.456 0.384 TUR Türkiye 0.495 0.49 TUV Tuvalu 0.341 0.389 TWN Taiwan, China 0.918 0.913 TZA Tanzania 0.283 0.288 UGA Uganda 0.322 0.355 UKR Ukraine 0.365 0.427 URY Uruguay 0.759 0.73 USA United States 0.884 0.903 UZB Uzbekistan 0.447 0.312 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.639 0.644 VEN Venezuela, RB 0.019 0.009 VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.725 0.884 VNM Vietnam 0.62 0.379 VUT Vanuatu 0.326 0.471 PSE West Bank and Gaza 0.221 0.509 JEY Jersey, Channel Islands 0.85 0.783 YEM Yemen, Rep. 0.004 0.019 SRB Serbia 0.557 0.533 ZAF South Africa 0.519 0.5 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.038 0.067 ZMB Zambia 0.192 0.322 ZWE Zimbabwe 0.11 0.072 0.499 0.499 Rule of Law Control of corruption 0.87 0.793 (1) Government Effectiveness (GE) – capturing perceptions of 0.932 0.875 of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree 0.019 0.125 independence from political pressures, the quality of policy form implementation, and the credibility of the government's comm 0.173 0.278 such policies. 0.649 0.735 (2) Regulatory Quality (RQ) – capturing perceptions of the abil 0.437 0.317 government to formulate and implement sound policies and re that permit and promote private sector development. (c) 0.774 0.841 citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic 0.35 0.389 interactions among them: 0.504 0.596 (3) Rule of Law (RL) – capturing perceptions of the extent to wh 0.86 0.875 have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in par 0.615 0.634 quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and 0.927 0.947 as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. 0.971 0.865 (4) Control of Corruption (CC) – capturing perceptions of the e 0.307 0.216 which public power is exercised for private gain, including both grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by e 0.081 0.028 private interests. 0.884 0.894 0.298 0.504 0.36 0.519 0.288 0.182 0.533 0.485 0.673 0.605 0.552 0.846 0.427 0.288 0.129 0.49 0.235 0.456 0.73 0.875 0.115 0.206 0.423 0.346 0.634 0.855 0.793 0.86 0.721 0.903 0.014 0 0.677 0.75 0.043 0.11 0.923 0.923 0.975 0.966 0.807 0.817 0.538 0.581 0.283 0.413 0.134 0.139 0.12 0.062 0.355 0.437 0.096 0.081 0.62 0.831 0.663 0.677 0.379 0.552 0.764 0.682 0.725 0.653 0.841 0.725 0.918 0.956 0.163 0.24 0.75 0.706 0.99 1 0.5 0.312 0.225 0.298 0.413 0.302 0.451 0.269 0.052 0.096 0.788 0.764 0.899 0.899 0.293 0.394 1 0.995 0.605 0.673 0.875 0.87 0.692 0.697 0.254 0.211 0.894 0.932 0.567 0.754 0.514 0.514 0.125 0.177 0.394 0.423 0.067 0.072 0.105 0.033 0.625 0.615 0.687 0.687 0.937 0.822 0.139 0.12 0.855 0.812 0.86 0.875 0.384 0.5 0.903 0.942 0.153 0.144 0.6 0.591 0.091 0.052 0.697 0.562 0.466 0.384 0.519 0.466 0.908 0.927 0.177 0.134 0.033 0.091 0.961 0.951 0.817 0.807 0.596 0.692 0.475 0.538 0.576 0.576 0.913 0.908 0.341 0.48 0.389 0.264 0.144 0.129 0.192 0.115 0.798 0.639 0.682 0.663 0.846 0.774 0.591 0.533 0.274 0.153 0.149 0.105 0.182 0.192 0.028 0.038 0.716 0.711 0.956 0.937 0.543 0.442 0.37 0.451 0.836 0.802 0.966 0.961 0.826 0.769 0.432 0.447 0.769 0.798 0.442 0.365 0.418 0.355 0.206 0.187 0.471 0.418 0.23 0.168 0.586 0.572 0.524 0.432 0.187 0.201 0.778 0.649 0.057 0.158 0.461 0.336 0.528 0.543 0.158 0.225 0.259 0.221 0.73 0.735 0.783 0.668 0.456 0.461 0.701 0.61 0.629 0.629 0.375 0.322 0.211 0.149 0.072 0.1 0.951 0.971 0.995 0.98 0.346 0.331 0.24 0.375 0.98 0.99 0.639 0.6 0.278 0.235 0.447 0.307 0.48 0.375 0.331 0.293 0.269 0.341 0.245 0.25 0.653 0.701 0.706 0.658 0.048 0.024 0.85 0.778 0.322 0.163 0.812 0.788 0.73 0.735 0.644 0.528 0.201 0.197 0.572 0.716 0.798 0.721 0.581 0.644 0.1 0.076 0.399 0.586 0.985 0.985 0.408 0.509 0.221 0.37 0.216 0.326 0.004 0.009 0.25 0.625 0.495 0.399 0.745 0.62 0.831 0.759 0.947 0.975 0.312 0.283 0.61 0.918 0.009 0.004 0.076 0.048 0.317 0.274 0.557 0.35 0.11 0.067 0.062 0.057 0.168 0.524 0.658 0.408 0.49 0.475 0.548 0.495 0.365 0.403 0.754 0.73 0.879 0.85 0.326 0.427 0.403 0.173 0.264 0.245 0.759 0.913 0.889 0.836 0.197 0.23 0.711 0.783 0 0.019 0.822 0.567 0.485 0.471 0.668 0.548 0.336 0.259 0.937 0.822 0.024 0.014 0.509 0.36 0.562 0.557 0.038 0.043 0.302 0.254 0.086 0.086 0.499 0.499 apturing perceptions of the quality service and the degree of its the quality of policy formulation and he government's commitment to g perceptions of the ability of the nt sound policies and regulations development. (c) The respect of s that govern economic and social ions of the extent to which agents es of society, and in particular the ty rights, the police, and the courts, ng perceptions of the extent to ate gain, including both petty and apture" of the state by elites and Public Investment Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2015 to ISO Country Region Income AGO Angola Sub-Saharan Africa BDI Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa High income BEN Benin Sub-Saharan Africa BFA Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income BWA Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income CAF Sub-Saharan Africa Central African Republic CIV Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income CMR Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Region COM Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa CPV Cabo Verde Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia & Pacific ERI Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Europe & Central Asia ETH Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa GAB Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America & Car... GHA Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East & Nort... GIN Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa GMB Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa North America GNB Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia GNQ Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa KEN Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa LBR Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa LSO Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa MDG Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa MLI Mali Sub-Saharan Africa MOZ Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa MRT Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa MUS Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa MWI Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa NAM Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa NER Niger Sub-Saharan Africa NGA Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa RWA Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa SDN Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa SEN Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa SLE Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa SOM Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa SSD South Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa SWZ Eswatini Sub-Saharan Africa SYC Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa TCD Chad Sub-Saharan Africa TGO Togo Sub-Saharan Africa TZA Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa UGA Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa ZAF South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa ZMB Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa ZWE Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa COD Sub-Saharan Congo, Democratic Republic of the Africa COG Congo, Republic of Sub-Saharan Africa AFG Afghanistan South Asia BGD Bangladesh South Asia BTN Bhutan South Asia IND India South Asia LKA Sri Lanka South Asia MDV Maldives South Asia NPL Nepal South Asia PAK Pakistan South Asia CAN Canada North America USA United States North America ARE United Arab Emirates Middle East & North Africa BHR Bahrain Middle East & North Africa DJI Djibouti Middle East & North Africa DZA Algeria Middle East & North Africa IRQ Iraq Middle East & North Africa ISR Israel Middle East & North Africa JOR Jordan Middle East & North Africa KWT Kuwait Middle East & North Africa LBN Lebanon Middle East & North Africa LBY Libya Middle East & North Africa MAR Morocco Middle East & North Africa MLT Malta Middle East & North Africa OMN Oman Middle East & North Africa QAT Qatar Middle East & North Africa SAU Saudi Arabia Middle East & North Africa TUN Tunisia Middle East & North Africa WBG West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa EGY Egypt Middle East & North Africa IRN Iran Middle East & North Africa SYR Syria Middle East & North Africa YEM Yemen Middle East & North Africa ABW Aruba Latin America & Caribbean ARG Argentina Latin America & Caribbean ATG Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean BHS Bahamas, The Latin America & Caribbean BLZ Belize Latin America & Caribbean BOL Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean BRA Brazil Latin America & Caribbean BRB Barbados Latin America & Caribbean CHL Chile Latin America & Caribbean COL Colombia Latin America & Caribbean CRI Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean DMA Dominica Latin America & Caribbean DOM Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean ECU Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean GRD Grenada Latin America & Caribbean GTM Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean GUY Guyana Latin America & Caribbean HND Honduras Latin America & Caribbean HTI Haiti Latin America & Caribbean JAM Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean KNA St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean LCA St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean MEX Mexico Latin America & Caribbean NIC Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean PAN Panama Latin America & Caribbean PER Peru Latin America & Caribbean PRI Puerto Rico Latin America & Caribbean PRY Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean SLV El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean SUR Suriname Latin America & Caribbean TTO Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean URY Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean VCT Latin America & Caribbean St. Vincent and the Grenadines VEN Venezuela Latin America & Caribbean MNE Montenegro, Rep. of Europe & Central Asia RUS Russia Europe & Central Asia ALB Albania Europe & Central Asia ARM Armenia Europe & Central Asia AUT Austria Europe & Central Asia AZE Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia BEL Belgium Europe & Central Asia BGR Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia BLR Belarus Europe & Central Asia CHE Switzerland Europe & Central Asia CYP Cyprus Europe & Central Asia CZE Czech Republic Europe & Central Asia DEU Germany Europe & Central Asia DNK Denmark Europe & Central Asia ESP Spain Europe & Central Asia EST Estonia Europe & Central Asia FIN Finland Europe & Central Asia FRA France Europe & Central Asia GBR United Kingdom Europe & Central Asia GEO Georgia Europe & Central Asia GRC Greece Europe & Central Asia HRV Croatia Europe & Central Asia HUN Hungary Europe & Central Asia IRL Ireland Europe & Central Asia ISL Iceland Europe & Central Asia ITA Italy Europe & Central Asia KAZ Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia KGZ Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia LTU Lithuania Europe & Central Asia LUX Luxembourg Europe & Central Asia LVA Latvia Europe & Central Asia MDA Moldova Europe & Central Asia MKD North Macedonia Europe & Central Asia NLD Netherlands Europe & Central Asia NOR Norway Europe & Central Asia POL Poland Europe & Central Asia PRT Portugal Europe & Central Asia ROU Romania Europe & Central Asia SMR San Marino Europe & Central Asia SRB Serbia Europe & Central Asia SVK Slovak Republic Europe & Central Asia SVN Slovenia Europe & Central Asia SWE Sweden Europe & Central Asia TJK Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia TKM Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia UKR Ukraine Europe & Central Asia UZB Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia TUR Turkey Europe & Central Asia AUS Australia East Asia & Pacific BRN Brunei Darussalam East Asia & Pacific CHN China East Asia & Pacific FJI Fiji East Asia & Pacific IDN Indonesia East Asia & Pacific JPN Japan East Asia & Pacific KHM Cambodia East Asia & Pacific KIR Kiribati East Asia & Pacific MHL Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific MMR Myanmar East Asia & Pacific MNG Mongolia East Asia & Pacific MYS Malaysia East Asia & Pacific NRU Nauru East Asia & Pacific NZL New Zealand East Asia & Pacific PHL Philippines East Asia & Pacific PLW Palau East Asia & Pacific PNG Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific SGP Singapore East Asia & Pacific SLB Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific THA Thailand East Asia & Pacific TLS Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific TON Tonga East Asia & Pacific TUV Tuvalu East Asia & Pacific VNM Vietnam East Asia & Pacific VUT Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific WSM Samoa East Asia & Pacific FSM Micronesia East Asia & Pacific HKG Hong Kong SAR East Asia & Pacific KOR Korea East Asia & Pacific LAO Lao P.D.R. East Asia & Pacific MAC Macao SAR East Asia & Pacific TWN East Asia & Pacific Taiwan Province of China STP São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa AND Andorra Europe & Central Asia XKX Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Average 2019 Capital Scarcity Ratio of Public Public Investment (% Public Investment (% Investment to Ratio of Public Income of total expenditure) of GDP) Private Investment Capital Stock to GDP Lower middle income 19.4% 4.5% 0.258 1.156 Low income 15.5% 3.9% 0.352 0.423 Lower middle income 31.4% 5.2% 0.302 0.532 Low income 24.3% 5.6% 0.393 0.509 Upper middle income 22.8% 8.1% 0.355 0.912 Low income 51.3% 7.8% 0.535 2.926 Lower middle income 29.9% 5.2% 0.330 0.274 Lower middle income 29.7% 5.7% 0.336 0.416 Lower middle income 27.2% 5.2% 0.596 0.362 Lower middle income 13.8% 4.1% 0.140 0.786 Low income 13.4% 4.6% 2.283 2.719 Low income 80.2% 13.6% 0.585 0.628 Upper middle income 12.7% 2.5% 0.115 0.789 Lower middle income 13.9% 2.7% 0.125 0.250 Low income 54.7% 10.0% 1.505 0.488 Low income 40.0% 8.6% 0.695 0.529 Low income 19.6% 3.8% 2.045 0.567 Upper middle income 51.2% 12.9% 4.447 1.954 Lower middle income 29.4% 7.3% 0.682 0.410 Low income 45.1% 15.6% 0.749 0.617 Lower middle income 22.9% 12.2% 0.836 1.160 Low income 32.0% 4.6% 0.306 0.618 Low income 33.6% 7.4% 0.704 0.410 Low income 34.1% 10.4% 0.509 0.859 Lower middle income 20.0% 4.2% 0.159 0.491 Upper middle income 18.1% 4.6% 0.345 0.617 Low income 30.2% 6.0% 0.875 0.455 Upper middle income 14.6% 5.8% 0.405 0.635 Low income 47.5% 10.0% 0.519 0.637 Lower middle income 23.8% 2.8% 0.195 0.592 Low income 42.4% 11.2% 0.837 0.590 Low income Lower middle income 27.3% 6.3% 0.337 0.494 Low income 34.1% 7.6% 1.061 0.374 Low income Low income 25.6% 9.3% Lower middle income 18.8% 6.5% 1.173 0.910 High income 16.4% 5.7% 0.191 1.550 Low income 18.9% 2.9% 0.236 0.407 Low income 31.5% 6.3% 0.479 0.933 Lower middle income 66.5% 11.1% 0.426 0.481 Low income 46.5% 7.5% 0.451 0.265 Upper middle income 10.3% 3.1% 0.197 0.460 Low income 23.7% 6.5% 0.222 0.361 Lower middle income Low income 31.7% 4.1% 0.261 0.219 Lower middle income 36.8% 11.9% 0.314 0.948 Low income 34.3% 9.5% 2.214 3.087 Lower middle income 59.6% 7.4% 0.321 0.460 Lower middle income 35.6% 11.0% 0.278 0.930 Lower middle income 24.4% 6.5% 0.287 0.597 Lower middle income 26.8% 4.9% 0.225 0.343 Upper middle income 59.1% 19.9% 1.048 1.169 Lower middle income 25.6% 6.0% 0.236 0.337 Lower middle income 20.6% 3.8% 0.366 0.366 High income 9.4% 3.8% 0.202 0.580 High income 9.6% 3.4% 0.200 0.614 High income 35.6% 10.9% 1.250 1.520 High income 12.6% 4.3% 0.185 0.644 Lower middle income 28.4% 8.6% 0.452 0.737 Lower middle income 34.6% 14.6% 0.562 1.206 Upper middle income 24.4% 9.4% 1.134 1.104 High income 6.5% 2.5% 0.137 0.302 Upper middle income 13.5% 4.1% 0.250 0.477 High income 12.0% 6.3% 0.333 0.762 Lower middle income 5.4% 1.6% 0.084 0.393 Upper middle income Lower middle income 18.9% 5.3% 0.227 0.520 High income 8.1% 3.0% 0.148 0.486 High income 36.2% 14.9% 1.285 1.719 High income High income 31.1% 11.2% 0.837 1.137 Lower middle income 19.4% 5.5% 0.409 0.471 Lower middle income 7.1% 2.1% 0.089 Lower middle income 26.0% 7.7% 0.959 0.498 Lower middle income 14.6% 2.4% 0.136 0.692 Low income Low income 18.6% 3.0% 0.267 3.280 High income Upper middle income 8.1% 3.3% 0.289 0.315 High income 17.4% 4.3% 0.220 1.255 High income 10.4% 2.0% 0.089 0.230 Upper middle income 21.4% 5.9% 0.420 1.085 Lower middle income 31.0% 12.2% 1.491 0.828 Upper middle income 6.7% 2.6% 0.193 0.842 High income 7.4% 2.3% 0.175 1.370 High income 9.6% 2.4% 0.123 0.304 Upper middle income 11.0% 3.5% 0.188 0.359 Upper middle income 13.0% 2.5% 0.170 0.258 Upper middle income 28.0% 14.3% 2.610 1.939 Upper middle income 10.3% 1.7% 0.077 0.416 Upper middle income 25.8% 10.0% 0.680 1.327 Upper middle income 17.8% 4.2% 0.314 1.018 Upper middle income 9.6% 1.2% 0.097 0.449 Upper middle income 54.7% 14.3% 0.939 1.227 Lower middle income 13.0% 3.4% 0.176 0.828 Lower middle income 73.5% 8.2% 0.390 1.248 Upper middle income High income 19.4% 6.3% 0.282 0.879 Upper middle income 19.6% 4.6% 0.260 0.793 Upper middle income 12.1% 3.2% 0.169 0.571 Lower middle income 27.7% 7.5% 0.454 0.603 High income 28.2% 6.3% 0.195 0.413 Upper middle income 21.0% 4.5% 0.264 0.542 High income Upper middle income 20.0% 4.1% 0.264 0.400 Lower middle income 9.1% 2.5% 0.180 0.583 Upper middle income High income High income 12.6% 3.8% 0.267 0.684 Upper middle income 23.9% 6.7% 0.410 1.297 Upper middle income 87.6% 20.2% 4.048 7.426 Upper middle income 17.5% 8.1% 0.466 0.450 Upper middle income 10.9% 3.8% 0.223 0.648 Upper middle income 18.2% 5.3% 0.288 0.710 Upper middle income 11.9% 3.1% 0.214 0.305 High income 6.1% 3.0% 0.147 0.563 Upper middle income 33.7% 11.7% 1.163 0.605 High income 4.8% 2.5% 0.120 0.390 Upper middle income 10.2% 3.6% 0.236 0.503 Upper middle income 7.9% 3.3% 0.211 0.758 Upper middle income High income 9.3% 3.0% 0.132 0.519 High income 6.7% 2.5% 0.174 0.841 High income 10.0% 4.0% 0.186 0.612 High income 5.1% 2.3% 0.123 0.453 High income 6.7% 3.4% 0.195 0.685 High income 5.1% 2.1% 0.130 0.538 High income 13.1% 5.1% 0.261 0.562 High income 7.6% 4.1% 0.217 0.690 High income 6.1% 3.5% 0.182 0.708 High income 6.9% 2.7% 0.177 0.445 Upper middle income 20.9% 5.9% 0.311 0.811 High income 7.2% 3.5% 0.483 0.763 High income 7.4% 3.4% 0.206 0.864 High income 11.0% 5.2% 0.291 0.505 High income 7.4% 1.9% 0.064 0.306 High income 6.5% 2.9% 0.161 0.542 High income 4.6% 2.3% 0.149 0.584 Upper middle income 15.1% 3.3% 0.172 0.261 Lower middle income High income 9.7% 3.2% 0.190 0.403 High income 9.5% 3.9% 0.286 0.473 High income 12.7% 4.7% 0.286 0.474 Upper middle income 10.3% 3.2% 0.158 0.275 Upper middle income 18.2% 5.8% 0.321 0.552 High income 8.0% 3.5% 0.200 0.655 High income 11.0% 5.4% 0.283 0.684 High income 9.9% 4.1% 0.287 0.440 High income 4.1% 1.9% 0.126 0.595 High income 10.7% 3.5% 0.179 0.519 High income Upper middle income 8.4% 3.5% 0.224 0.261 High income 9.7% 4.1% 0.234 0.479 High income 8.1% 3.7% 0.248 0.610 High income 8.9% 4.3% 0.212 0.694 Lower middle income 58.8% 19.4% 2.657 1.055 Upper middle income Lower middle income 8.0% 3.3% 0.258 0.622 Lower middle income 27.8% 6.9% 0.306 0.345 Upper middle income 10.6% 3.7% 0.146 0.414 High income 9.4% 3.5% 0.172 0.402 High income 12.0% 4.4% 0.147 0.843 Upper middle income 47.1% 15.4% 0.578 1.584 Upper middle income 16.1% 4.9% 0.394 0.542 Lower middle income 21.6% 3.6% 0.126 0.366 High income 13.5% 5.0% 0.264 1.243 Lower middle income 20.2% 4.5% 0.252 0.506 Lower middle income Upper middle income Lower middle income 34.2% 7.5% 0.315 0.468 Lower middle income 21.5% 7.0% 0.443 1.050 Upper middle income 33.7% 7.8% 0.462 1.101 High income High income 14.5% 5.3% 0.299 0.729 Lower middle income 21.2% 4.2% 0.201 0.289 Upper middle income Lower middle income High income 33.6% 4.8% 0.237 0.527 Lower middle income Upper middle income 28.0% 6.1% 0.349 0.797 Lower middle income Upper middle income Upper middle income Lower middle income 30.1% 6.5% 0.361 0.419 Lower middle income Lower middle income Lower middle income High income 29.0% 5.4% 0.338 0.636 High income 22.3% 4.5% 0.177 0.609 Lower middle income 34.8% 8.0% 0.362 0.561 High income 16.4% 3.0% 0.201 High income 21.9% 3.8% 0.211 0.701 Lower middle income 39.2% 11.6% 0.817 2.221 High income Upper middle income 22.1% 5.9% 0.466 0.771 Source: IMF Capital Stock Data, ILO Capital Scarcity Ratio of Public K/L: Ratio of Public Capital to Private Capital Stock to Capital Public Employment 0.580 12.507 0.684 Public Capital Scarcity and Public Investmen 0.632 11.915 2015-2019) Ratio of public capital stock to public 0.699 11.028 15.0 0.546 12.303 ARE AUT LUX 1.653 OMN employment (log) 14.0 0.388 11.337 USA AFG KWT COL ECU CHEFRA 0.364 13.0 AGO CAN ESP GRC FIN BRA GUY DNK BEL GBR BWA SYC MDVLBNIRN BRB MEXURY HRV 0.192 MUS BGD HND BOL PAN GEO BEN NGA NAMSWZ BTNDZA ARG BLZ CHL GTM SLV PER LCA BIH ALB EST MRT ZAF TGO DOM 0.399 11.275 12.0 LSO MLISEN LKA EGY ISRTUN PRY BGR HUN MKD LTU LVA CIV CPVKEN NER PAKJOR CRI MNE AZE MOZ BFA GNB RWATCD DJI 4.982 MDG ZMB GHA ARM 1.068 11.0 GMB SLE UGANPL MDA VEN 0.453 LBR 10.0 0.188 10.805 0.738 9.0 0.776 10.420 0.0 50.0 100.0 3.124 10.898 Source: IMF Investment Public Investment (% of GDP) 1.706 and Capital Stock Dataset, 0.456 11.206 ILOSTAT 0.391 9.826 0.997 11.488 0.798 10.939 0.635 11.407 1.139 11.063 0.230 11.637 0.501 12.120 0.820 0.505 11.791 0.405 11.326 0.613 11.824 1.261 11.118 0.450 11.399 0.758 10.552 0.814 11.789 0.549 12.294 0.490 11.134 1.157 11.653 0.507 0.303 10.532 0.288 11.675 0.215 10.979 0.203 0.344 3.876 12.764 0.348 11.955 0.429 11.884 0.420 0.259 11.261 0.778 12.168 0.245 10.648 0.428 11.339 0.271 12.524 0.359 13.267 0.975 14.157 0.373 0.962 11.171 0.863 11.867 2.058 0.183 11.377 0.377 11.342 0.550 12.810 0.150 12.165 0.223 0.257 1.654 13.589 0.957 0.454 11.225 1.201 11.523 0.319 12.192 0.654 0.278 11.998 0.553 0.072 0.680 11.988 1.256 12.025 0.437 12.329 0.379 12.150 0.167 11.819 0.214 12.597 0.185 11.278 2.260 0.255 11.705 0.775 12.866 0.536 0.290 11.813 1.529 12.367 0.393 12.091 0.577 0.281 0.348 11.736 0.307 12.286 0.417 0.241 12.055 0.341 11.830 0.306 11.529 0.344 11.871 0.500 12.187 0.502 1.613 10.264 0.364 11.226 0.354 0.371 11.831 0.296 10.757 0.237 14.176 1.154 11.197 0.169 12.326 0.276 11.622 0.586 11.837 0.205 12.909 0.290 0.262 0.210 0.364 12.484 0.262 12.677 0.298 11.968 0.299 12.512 0.323 12.867 0.259 12.171 0.656 11.999 0.415 12.627 0.488 12.153 0.272 11.567 0.187 0.317 0.258 0.236 0.278 11.533 0.334 14.000 0.254 11.516 0.259 10.633 0.432 11.555 0.348 13.131 0.320 12.500 0.325 11.778 0.293 0.250 12.193 0.176 10.617 0.255 11.669 0.297 0.335 12.427 1.231 0.262 0.739 0.185 12.403 0.183 12.327 0.359 12.635 0.948 0.356 11.734 0.154 11.541 0.524 14.079 0.692 11.060 0.473 11.465 0.654 11.781 0.790 13.103 0.459 0.251 11.135 0.291 0.440 12.464 0.394 10.762 0.298 0.266 13.071 0.540 11.409 0.483 1.769 0.585 11.861 and Public Investment (avg. 2019) LUX JPN NLD MYS KOR FRA ESP GRC FIN NOR BRN DNK AUS THA SWE TUR HRV ROU GBR GEO EST POL MNG FJI SVK IDN HUNMKD LTU LVA MMR LAO KHM PHL MDA SRB VNM 150.0 200.0 250.0 c Investment (% of GDP) Fiscal multipliers Back Country Settings How much fiscal shock (% of How much output gap do you assume What stance of monetary policy do GDP) do you assume? the country experience in time of the fiscal shock? 1.0% Cumulative effect of fiscal shock on output level Determinants of the size of multipliers Closed 4 Economy 1.0 3.5 Revenue and Labor Market expenditure 0.5 3 Rigidity management 2.5 0.0 % of GDP 2 Small Safe Debt Automatic 1.5 Stabilizer 1 Fixed Exchange Rate 0.5 0 t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4 KOR EAP HIC - Table. Short-term and long-term fiscal multipliers Note: The same set of determinants for fiscal multipliers, as ST LT outlined by Batini et al. (2014), has been employed for this analysis. Korea, Rep. 0.63 1.36 East Asia & Pacific 0.58 1.45 High income 0.57 1.30 Advanced Economies (IMF) 0.54 1.20 Fiscal multupliers by country Fiscal Multiplier Income ISO Country ST multiplier ABW Aruba 0.56 High income AFG Afghanistan 0.39 AGO Angola 0.55 Low income ALB Albania 0.58 monetary policy do Lower middle income AND Andorra 0.54 Upper middle income ARE United Arab Emirates 0.65 ARG Argentina 0.54 ARM Armenia 0.65 Region ASM American Samoa 0.39 East Asia & Pacific ATG Antigua and Barbuda 0.77 of multipliers AUS Australia 0.63 Europe & Central Asia AUT Austria 0.57 Latin America & Carib... AZE Azerbaijan 0.65 BDI Burundi 0.54 Middle East & North A... Labor Market BEL Belgium 0.43 Rigidity North America BEN Benin 0.54 BFA Burkina Faso 0.54 South Asia Small BGD Bangladesh 0.71 Automatic Sub-Saharan Africa BGR Bulgaria 0.66 Stabilizer BHR Bahrain 0.51 BHS Bahamas, The 0.62 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.65 BLR Belarus 0.51 BLZ Belize 0.56 - AE BMU Bermuda 0.71 BOL Bolivia 0.77 nants for fiscal multipliers, as BRA Brazil 0.67 has been employed for this BRB Barbados 0.56 BRN Brunei Darussalam 0.58 BTN Bhutan 0.39 BWA Botswana 0.55 CAF Central African Republic 0.54 CAN Canada 0.49 CHE Switzerland 0.55 CHL Chile 0.77 CHN China 1.08 CIV Côte d’Ivoire 0.67 CMR Cameroon 0.54 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.54 COG Congo, Rep. 0.34 COL Colombia 0.69 COM Comoros 0.54 CPV Cabo Verde 0.55 CRI Costa Rica 0.73 CUB Cuba 0.69 CUW Curaçao 0.78 CYM Cayman Islands 0.78 CYP Cyprus 0.47 CZE Czechia 0.43 DEU Germany 0.55 DJI Djibouti 0.49 DMA Dominica 0.69 DNK Denmark 0.60 DOM Dominican Republic 0.71 DZA Algeria 0.73 ECU Ecuador 0.77 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.73 ERI Eritrea 0.34 ESP Spain 0.57 EST Estonia 0.50 ETH Ethiopia 0.54 FIN Finland 0.65 FJI Fiji 0.51 FRA France 0.72 FRO Faroe Islands 0.39 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.51 GAB Gabon 0.55 GBR United Kingdom 0.39 GEO Georgia 0.51 GHA Ghana 0.34 GIN Guinea 0.54 GMB Gambia, The 0.44 GNB Guinea-Bissau 0.67 GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.48 GRC Greece 0.50 GRD Grenada 0.77 GRL Greenland 0.49 GTM Guatemala 0.73 GUM Guam 0.49 GUY Guyana 0.56 HKG Hong Kong SAR, China 0.61 HND Honduras 0.58 HRV Croatia 0.66 HTI Haiti 0.65 HUN Hungary 0.59 IDN Indonesia 0.58 IND India 0.65 IRL Ireland 0.43 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.73 IRQ Iraq 0.51 ISL Iceland 0.48 ISR Israel 0.63 ITA Italy 0.52 JAM Jamaica 0.56 JOR Jordan 0.58 JPN Japan 0.58 KAZ Kazakhstan 0.65 KEN Kenya 0.54 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 0.49 KHM Cambodia 0.49 KIR Kiribati 0.39 KNA St. Kitts and Nevis 0.69 KOR Korea, Rep. 0.63 KWT Kuwait 0.58 LAO Lao PDR 0.71 LBN Lebanon 0.51 LBR Liberia 0.34 LBY Libya 0.58 LCA St. Lucia 0.77 LKA Sri Lanka 0.65 LSO Lesotho 0.34 LTU Lithuania 0.50 LUX Luxembourg 0.50 LVA Latvia 0.43 MAC Macao SAR, China 0.54 MAR Morocco 0.73 MDA Moldova 0.39 MDG Madagascar 0.67 MDV Maldives 0.51 MEX Mexico 0.69 MHL Marshall Islands 0.58 MKD North Macedonia 0.58 MLI Mali 0.67 MLT Malta 0.47 MMR Myanmar 0.59 MNE Montenegro 0.58 MNG Mongolia 0.51 MNP Northern Mariana Islands 0.39 MOZ Mozambique 0.34 MRT Mauritania 0.54 MUS Mauritius 0.48 MWI Malawi 0.44 MYS Malaysia 0.76 NAM Namibia 0.48 NCL New Caledonia 0.58 NER Niger 0.67 NGA Nigeria 0.54 NIC Nicaragua 0.44 NLD Netherlands 0.50 NOR Norway 0.63 NPL Nepal 0.71 NRU Nauru 0.58 NZL New Zealand 0.63 OMN Oman 0.65 PAK Pakistan 0.73 PAN Panama 0.74 PER Peru 0.63 PHL Philippines 0.55 PLW Palau 0.65 PNG Papua New Guinea 0.39 POL Poland 0.65 PRI Puerto Rico 0.65 PRT Portugal 0.50 PRY Paraguay 0.79 PSE West Bank and Gaza 0.49 PYF French Polynesia 0.71 QAT Qatar 0.73 ROU Romania 0.63 RUS Russian Federation 0.65 RWA Rwanda 0.44 SAU Saudi Arabia 0.60 SDN Sudan 0.67 SEN Senegal 0.67 SGP Singapore 0.39 SLB Solomon Islands 0.71 SLE Sierra Leone 0.44 SLV El Salvador 0.71 SMR San Marino 0.47 SOM Somalia 0.34 SRB Serbia 0.58 SSD South Sudan 0.34 STP São Tomé and Príncipe 0.44 SUR Suriname 0.56 SVK Slovak Republic 0.43 SVN Slovenia 0.43 SWE Sweden 0.65 SWZ Eswatini 0.55 SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 0.45 SYC Seychelles 0.48 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 0.65 TCD Chad 0.54 TGO Togo 0.67 THA Thailand 0.57 TJK Tajikistan 0.59 TKM Turkmenistan 0.73 TLS Timor-Leste 0.49 TON Tonga 0.51 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 0.69 TUN Tunisia 0.58 TUR Türkiye 0.67 TUV Tuvalu 0.58 TWN Taiwan, China 0.69 TZA Tanzania 0.67 UGA Uganda 0.44 UKR Ukraine 0.51 URY Uruguay 0.77 USA United States 0.56 UZB Uzbekistan 0.71 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.69 VEN Venezuela, RB 0.56 VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.45 VNM Vietnam 0.59 VUT Vanuatu 0.51 WSM Samoa 0.65 XKX Kosovo 0.73 YEM Yemen, Rep. 0.49 ZAF South Africa 0.60 ZMB Zambia 0.34 ZWE Zimbabwe 0.44 Average 0.58 Fiscal Multiplier LT multiplier 1.42 1.33 1.51 1.73 1.20 1.52 1.69 1.81 0.95 1.67 1.36 1.25 1.81 1.59 1.03 1.36 1.59 1.64 1.82 1.37 1.50 1.81 1.66 1.71 1.50 1.76 1.83 1.42 1.45 1.09 1.70 1.59 1.13 1.22 1.67 2.30 1.57 1.36 1.59 1.02 1.86 1.36 1.51 1.90 1.86 1.61 1.61 1.09 1.03 1.22 1.26 1.86 1.31 1.88 1.71 1.95 1.71 1.25 1.25 1.14 1.59 1.40 1.66 1.52 0.95 1.47 1.70 0.94 1.66 1.02 1.36 1.42 1.81 1.62 1.14 1.95 1.12 1.91 1.12 1.42 1.32 1.42 1.54 1.54 1.45 1.74 1.62 1.03 1.71 1.66 1.10 1.36 1.16 1.71 1.54 1.28 1.81 1.36 1.26 1.26 1.09 1.57 1.36 1.45 1.64 1.47 1.25 1.73 1.95 1.62 1.02 1.14 1.14 1.03 1.20 1.71 1.37 1.81 1.66 1.86 1.73 1.73 1.81 1.09 1.43 1.73 1.47 0.95 1.25 1.36 1.62 1.42 1.93 1.62 1.27 1.81 1.36 1.17 1.14 1.36 1.64 1.45 1.36 1.52 1.71 1.63 1.78 1.51 1.81 1.09 1.53 1.39 1.14 1.97 1.54 1.50 1.62 1.50 1.81 1.42 1.47 1.81 1.57 0.96 1.64 1.42 1.88 1.09 1.25 1.73 1.25 1.19 1.71 1.03 1.03 1.40 1.51 1.06 1.34 1.78 1.59 1.81 1.72 1.43 1.90 1.26 1.66 1.57 1.54 1.83 1.73 1.46 1.57 1.42 1.47 1.67 1.24 1.64 1.86 1.84 1.06 1.43 1.47 1.62 1.90 1.50 1.75 1.02 1.19 1.49 Benefit-to-cost ratio of social protection and labor programs Back Choose a year -> Latest Benefit- cost ratio of SPL ISO Country Year programs Income group AFG Afghanistan 2011 ALB Albania 2012 0.31 High income AGO Angola 2018 0.06 ARG Argentina 2019 0.13 Low income ARM Armenia 2018 0.39 Lower middle income AZE Azerbaijan 2015 0.33 Upper middle income BGD Bangladesh 2016 0.28 BLR Belarus 2019 0.46 Region BLZ Belize 2009 0.26 BEN Benin 2003 0.12 East Asia & Pacific BTN Bhutan 2017 Europe & Central Asia BOL Bolivia 2019 0.03 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 2015 0.29 Latin America & Cari... BWA Botswana 2015 0.16 Middle East & North ... BRA Brazil 2019 0.11 BGR Bulgaria 2007 0.39 South Asia BFA Burkina Faso 2018 0.02 Sub-Saharan Africa CPV Cabo Verde 2007 0.17 KHM Cambodia 2013 0.09 CMR Cameroon 2014 0.04 CAF Central African Republic 2008 TCD Chad 2011 0.13 CHL Chile 2017 0.18 CHN China 2013 0.16 COL Colombia 2019 0.05 COM Comoros 2004 0.04 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 2012 0.11 COG Congo, Rep. 2005 0.12 CRI Costa Rica 2019 0.12 HRV Croatia 2014 0.36 CIV Côte d’Ivoire 2015 0.16 DJI Djibouti 2012 0.19 DMA Dominica 2002 0.04 DOM Dominican Republic 2019 0.08 ECU Ecuador 2019 0.09 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 2008 0.22 SLV El Salvador 2019 0.04 SWZ Eswatini 2016 0.22 ETH Ethiopia 2018 0.19 FJI Fiji 2013 0.15 GAB Gabon 2017 0.14 GMB Gambia, The 2015 0.16 GEO Georgia 2018 0.34 GHA Ghana 2016 0.60 GTM Guatemala 2014 0.03 GIN Guinea 2012 0.09 HTI Haiti 2012 0.00 HND Honduras 2017 0.10 HUN Hungary 2007 0.42 IND India 2011 0.27 IDN Indonesia 2019 0.32 IRQ Iraq 2012 0.17 JAM Jamaica 2017 0.13 JOR Jordan 2010 0.25 KAZ Kazakhstan 2017 0.28 KEN Kenya 2015 0.20 KIR Kiribati 2006 0.15 XKX Kosovo 2013 0.30 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 2013 0.38 LAO Lao PDR 2018 0.08 LVA Latvia 2009 0.37 LBN Lebanon 2004 LSO Lesotho 2017 0.28 LBR Liberia 2016 0.25 LTU Lithuania 2008 0.36 MDG Madagascar 2010 MWI Malawi 2016 0.17 MYS Malaysia 2016 0.19 MDV Maldives 2016 0.18 MLI Mali 2009 0.10 MHL Marshall Islands 1999 0.01 MRT Mauritania 2014 MUS Mauritius 2017 0.28 MEX Mexico 2018 0.13 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 2000 0.11 MDA Moldova 2018 0.49 MNG Mongolia 2016 0.32 MNE Montenegro 2014 0.32 MAR Morocco 2009 MOZ Mozambique 2014 0.10 MMR Myanmar 2017 0.14 NAM Namibia 2015 0.21 NPL Nepal 2010 0.14 NIC Nicaragua 2014 0.07 NER Niger 2014 0.07 NGA Nigeria 2018 0.13 PAK Pakistan 2018 0.17 PLW Palau 2006 0.17 PAN Panama 2019 0.13 PNG Papua New Guinea 2009 0.04 PRY Paraguay 2019 0.10 PER Peru 2019 0.11 PHL Philippines 2015 0.15 POL Poland 2015 0.37 ROU Romania 2016 0.38 RUS Russian Federation 2017 0.28 RWA Rwanda 2013 0.19 WSM Samoa 2008 0.19 SEN Senegal 2011 0.05 SRB Serbia 2015 0.41 SLE Sierra Leone 2018 0.21 SVK Slovak Republic 2009 0.50 SLB Solomon Islands 2005 0.16 ZAF South Africa 2014 0.25 SSD South Sudan 2009 0.06 LKA Sri Lanka 2016 0.20 SDN Sudan 2009 0.18 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 2003 0.04 TJK Tajikistan 2011 0.23 TZA Tanzania 2014 0.08 THA Thailand 2019 0.23 TLS Timor-Leste 2011 0.11 TGO Togo 2011 0.02 TON Tonga 2009 0.13 TUN Tunisia 2010 0.20 TUR Türkiye 2019 UGA Uganda 2016 0.04 UKR Ukraine 2018 0.40 URY Uruguay 2019 0.18 UZB Uzbekistan 2018 0.30 VEN Venezuela, RB 2006 VNM Vietnam 2014 0.14 PSE West Bank and Gaza 2016 0.09 YEM Yemen, Rep. 2005 0.19 ZMB Zambia 2015 0.01 ZWE Zimbabwe 2019 0.18 Average 0.19 0.360272 Europe & Central Asia South Asia 0.208829 0.152149 East Asia & Pacific Africa Sub-Saharan 0.147149 Latin America & Caribbean 0.100724 Climate Change Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Perido for average 2016 to 2020 ISO Country Region Income MHL Upper middle income Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Income PLW Palau Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific High income KIR Kiribati Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific SYC Seychelles Sub-Saharan AfricaHigh income Low income GRC Greece Asia income Europe & CentralHigh Lower middle income NLD Netherlands Asia income Europe & CentralHigh CPV Cabo Verde Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income Upper middle income MLT Malta High Middle East & North income Africa (blank) BEL Belgium Asia income Europe & CentralHigh WSM Samoa Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific Region JPN Japan High income East Asia & Pacific TTO Latin America & Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago High income East Asia & Pacific FRA France Asia income Europe & CentralHigh Europe & Central Asia MKD North MacedoniaEurope & CentralUpperAsia middle income Latin America & Caribb... NZL New Zealand High income East Asia & Pacific NOR Norway Asia income Europe & CentralHigh Middle East & North Af... ITA Italy Asia income Europe & CentralHigh North America CZE Czech Republic Europe & CentralHigh Asia income ESP Spain Asia income Europe & CentralHigh South Asia LUX Luxembourg Asia income Europe & CentralHigh Sub-Saharan Africa SVK Slovak Republic Europe & CentralHighAsia income BHS Bahamas, The High income Latin America & Caribbean AUS Australia High income East Asia & Pacific NRU Nauru High income East Asia & Pacific HKG East Asia & Pacific Hong Kong SAR, China High income CHN China Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific CAN Canada North America High income ROU Romania Asia income Europe & CentralHigh GBR United Kingdom Europe & CentralHigh Asia income BGR Bulgaria Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper EST Estonia Asia income Europe & CentralHigh HUN Hungary Asia income Europe & CentralHigh SMR San Marino Asia income Europe & CentralHigh HRV Croatia Asia income Europe & CentralHigh SVN Slovenia Asia income Europe & CentralHigh PRT Portugal Asia income Europe & CentralHigh ISL Iceland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh LVA Latvia Asia income Europe & CentralHigh CHE Switzerland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh DEU Germany Asia income Europe & CentralHigh COL Colombia Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean MUS Mauritius Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle income ISR Israel High Middle East & North income Africa ARE Middle East & North United Arab Emirates High income Africa LTU Lithuania Asia income Europe & CentralHigh GEO Georgia Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper BRA Brazil Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean POL Poland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh SLB Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income SWE Sweden Asia income Europe & CentralHigh IRL Ireland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh DNK Denmark Asia income Europe & CentralHigh AUT Austria Asia income Europe & CentralHigh FSM East Asia & Pacific Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Lower middle income PNG Papua New Guinea Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific TUR Türkiye Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper PAN Panama High income Latin America & Caribbean ARM Armenia Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper BWA Botswana Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle income GTM Guatemala Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean NPL Nepal South Asia Lower middle income SEN Senegal Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income ZAF South Africa Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle income CYP Cyprus Asia income Europe & CentralHigh SGP Singapore High income East Asia & Pacific NAM Namibia Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle income UKR Ukraine Asia middle income Europe & CentralLower MNG Mongolia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific IDN Indonesia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific KAZ Kazakhstan Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper FIN Finland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh XKX Kosovo Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper KGZ Kyrgyz Republic Europe & CentralLowerAsia middle income ALB Albania Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper UGA Uganda Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income RUS Russian Federation Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper AFG Afghanistan South Asia Low income KHM Cambodia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific SLV El Salvador Lower middle income Latin America & Caribbean CRI Costa Rica Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean MDA Moldova Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper JAM Jamaica Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean MYS Malaysia Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific KEN Kenya Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income NIC Nicaragua Lower middle income Latin America & Caribbean EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income BLR Belarus Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper SOM Somalia Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income ARG Argentina Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean CHL Chile High income Latin America & Caribbean JOR Jordan Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa PHL Philippines Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific BFA Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income BTN Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income AGO Angola Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income ZMB Zambia Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income BHR Bahrain High Middle East & North income Africa THA Thailand Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific URY Uruguay High income Latin America & Caribbean LBN Lebanon Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa UZB Uzbekistan Asia middle income Europe & CentralLower MMR Myanmar Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific AZE Azerbaijan Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper BGD Bangladesh South Asia Lower middle income TZA Tanzania Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income PSE West Bank and Gaza Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa ABW Aruba High income Latin America & Caribbean AND Andorra Asia income Europe & CentralHigh ASM American Samoa East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income ATG Latin America & Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda High income BDI Burundi Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income BEN Benin Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income BIH Europe & CentralUpper Bosnia and Herzegovina Asia middle income BLZ Belize Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean BMU Bermuda North America High income BOL Bolivia Lower middle income Latin America & Caribbean BRB Barbados High income Latin America & Caribbean BRN Brunei Darussalam High income East Asia & Pacific CAF Sub-Saharan Africa Central African Republic Low income CHI Channel Islands Europe & CentralHigh Asia income CIV Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income CMR Cameroon Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income COD Congo, Dem. Rep.Sub-Saharan Africa Low income COG Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income COM Comoros Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income CUB Cuba Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean CUW Curaçao High income Latin America & Caribbean CYM High income Cayman Islands Latin America & Caribbean DJI Djibouti Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa DMA Dominica Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean DOM Dominican Republic Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean DZA Algeria Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa ECU Ecuador Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean ERI Eritrea Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income ETH Ethiopia Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income FJI Fiji Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific FRO Faroe Islands Asia income Europe & CentralHigh GAB Gabon Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle income GHA Ghana Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income GIB Gibraltar Asia income Europe & CentralHigh GIN Guinea Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income GMB Gambia, The Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income GNB Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income GNQ Equatorial GuineaSub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income GRD Grenada Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean GRL Greenland Asia income Europe & CentralHigh GUM Guam High income East Asia & Pacific GUY Guyana Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean HND Honduras Lower middle income Latin America & Caribbean HTI Haiti Lower middle income Latin America & Caribbean IMN Isle of Man Asia income Europe & CentralHigh IND India South Asia Lower middle income IRN Lower Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North middle income Africa IRQ Iraq Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa KNA High income St. Kitts and NevisLatin America & Caribbean KOR Korea, Rep. High income East Asia & Pacific KWT Kuwait High Middle East & North income Africa LAO Lao PDR Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific LBR Liberia Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income LBY Libya Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa LCA St. Lucia Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean LIE Liechtenstein Asia income Europe & CentralHigh LKA Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income LSO Lesotho Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income MAC Macao SAR, ChinaEast Asia & Pacific High income MAF part)America & Caribbean St. Martin (FrenchLatin High income MAR Morocco Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa MCO Monaco Asia income Europe & CentralHigh MDG Madagascar Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income MDV Maldives South Asia Upper middle income MEX Mexico Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean MLI Mali Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income MNE Montenegro Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper MNP Northern MarianaEast Asia & Pacific Islands High income MOZ Mozambique Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income MRT Mauritania Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income MWI Malawi Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income NCL New Caledonia East Asia & Pacific High income NER Niger Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income NGA Nigeria Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income OMN Oman High Middle East & North income Africa PAK Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income PER Peru Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean PRI Puerto Rico High income Latin America & Caribbean PRK Korea, Dem. People's Asia & Pacific EastRep. Low income PRY Paraguay Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean PYF French Polynesia East Asia & Pacific High income QAT Qatar High Middle East & North income Africa RWA Rwanda Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income SAU Saudi Arabia High Middle East & North income Africa SDN Sudan Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income SLE Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income SRB Serbia Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper SSD South Sudan Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income STP Sub-Saharan Africa São Tomé and Príncipe Lower middle income SUR Suriname Upper middle income Latin America & Caribbean SWZ Eswatini Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Latin High income America & Caribbean SYR Syrian Arab Republic LowAfrica Middle East & North income TCA Latin America & Caribbean Turks and Caicos Islands High income TCD Chad Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income TGO Togo Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income TJK Tajikistan Asia middle income Europe & CentralLower TKM Turkmenistan Asia middle income Europe & CentralUpper TLS Timor-Leste Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific TON Tonga Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific TUN Tunisia Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa TUV Tuvalu Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific TWN Taiwan, China High income East Asia & Pacific USA United States North America High income VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines Latin Upper middle income America & Caribbean VEN Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean VGB Latin America & Caribbean British Virgin Islands High income VIR Latin America & Caribbean Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income VNM Vietnam Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific VUT Vanuatu Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific YEM Yemen, Rep. LowAfrica Middle East & North income ZWE Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income Average Expenditure on Expenditure on Environment Environment Fuel Subsidy (% of Fuel Subsidy (% of Protection (% of Protection (% of Readiness to Climate total expenditure) GDP) GDP) total expenditure) Change 3.307 5.36% 0.363 1.911 4.92% 0.429 0.00% 0.00% 1.645 1.37% 0.442 0.00% 0.00% 1.615 4.47% 0.446 1.12% 0.56% 1.458 2.87% 0.517 0.31% 0.13% 1.391 3.19% 0.691 0.00% 0.00% 1.355 4.41% 0.440 0.00% 0.00% 1.216 3.21% 0.508 0.24% 0.13% 1.303 2.43% 0.599 0.00% 0.00% 1.244 4.12% 0.431 0.07% 0.03% 1.155 3.01% 0.693 4.45% 1.42% 0.659 2.08% 0.347 0.30% 0.17% 0.977 1.71% 0.655 2.86% 0.91% 0.952 3.06% 0.467 0.85% 0.31% 0.893 2.37% 0.756 0.01% 0.00% 0.936 1.83% 0.781 0.46% 0.23% 0.900 1.79% 0.517 0.46% 0.19% 0.828 2.00% 0.560 0.51% 0.22% 0.859 1.96% 0.541 1.41% 0.60% 0.876 2.04% 0.679 0.10% 0.04% 0.806 1.94% 0.507 3.73% 0.77% 0.889 4.09% 0.431 0.86% 0.34% 0.814 2.09% 0.703 0.00% 0.00% 0.881 0.91% 0.458 1.26% 0.26% 0.802 3.85% 0.27% 0.09% 0.728 2.17% 0.492 1.30% 0.56% 0.723 1.69% 0.660 1.15% 0.38% 0.649 1.95% 0.432 0.74% 0.30% 0.689 1.70% 0.695 10.41% 3.59% 0.690 2.00% 0.466 13.62% 5.48% 0.687 1.71% 0.620 1.13% 0.53% 0.604 1.27% 0.501 0.669 2.04% 0.626 1.48% 0.70% 0.696 1.46% 0.492 0.05% 0.02% 0.552 1.21% 0.611 0.36% 0.16% 0.618 1.37% 0.581 0.00% 0.00% 0.638 1.39% 0.723 0.96% 0.37% 0.561 1.48% 0.579 0.02% 0.00% 0.572 1.73% 0.702 0.26% 0.12% 0.593 1.30% 0.696 0.60% 0.19% 0.544 1.70% 0.378 1.49% 0.42% 0.512 1.94% 0.545 0.10% 0.04% 0.557 1.41% 0.534 1.79% 0.55% 0.524 1.70% 0.579 1.04% 0.36% 0.516 1.49% 0.587 13.88% 4.05% 0.562 1.91% 0.561 0.97% 0.38% 0.485 1.24% 0.353 2.28% 0.96% 0.476 1.11% 0.554 0.00% 0.00% 0.490 1.28% 0.412 0.17% 0.08% 0.488 1.00% 0.733 0.40% 0.10% 0.404 1.54% 0.608 0.07% 0.04% 0.399 0.78% 0.773 0.04% 0.02% 0.379 0.75% 0.694 0.02% 0.01% 0.353 0.62% 0.355 3.16% 0.68% 0.282 1.46% 0.286 2.69% 0.92% 0.341 0.99% 0.464 0.01% 0.00% 0.313 1.35% 0.391 20.81% 5.45% 0.347 1.33% 0.500 0.00% 0.00% 0.316 0.91% 0.433 1.03% 0.13% 0.325 2.40% 0.318 0.98% 0.22% 0.283 1.20% 0.356 0.30% 0.07% 0.383 1.50% 0.342 4.82% 1.51% 0.282 0.90% 0.372 0.66% 0.25% 0.283 0.71% 0.518 11.53% 1.83% 0.507 2.75% 0.800 0.00% 0.00% 0.255 0.65% 0.380 13.57% 5.70% 0.240 0.57% 0.419 0.51% 0.16% 0.291 0.87% 0.458 9.57% 1.61% 0.233 1.37% 0.374 24.21% 5.13% 0.300 1.37% 0.507 0.26% 0.14% 0.210 0.38% 0.750 0.69% 0.171 16.20% 5.64% 0.169 0.47% 0.392 0.00% 0.00% 0.194 0.64% 0.414 0.00% 0.00% 0.147 0.86% 0.294 16.64% 5.81% 0.173 0.49% 0.540 1.17% 0.33% 0.151 0.54% 0.248 0.19% 0.05% 0.128 0.52% 0.287 4.19% 1.20% 0.134 0.47% 0.344 0.74% 0.15% 0.126 0.63% 0.455 11.80% 3.78% 0.091 0.28% 0.428 0.01% 0.00% 0.396 5.32% 1.24% 0.114 0.47% 0.505 0.00% 0.00% 0.112 0.45% 0.292 0.68% 0.19% 0.123 0.44% 0.287 20.08% 5.80% 0.336 3.26% 1.26% 0.099 0.26% 0.511 0.04% 0.00% 0.095 2.12% 0.356 3.13% 1.25% 0.110 0.28% 0.378 1.68% 0.44% 0.094 0.36% 0.546 0.64% 0.20% 0.053 0.18% 0.407 0.58% 0.11% 0.088 0.41% 0.332 0.31% 0.07% 0.081 0.33% 0.298 0.40% 0.13% 0.064 0.20% 0.476 11.15% 2.41% 0.042 0.18% 0.252 3.01% 0.84% 0.079 0.28% 0.331 21.09% 7.10% 0.042 0.12% 0.479 0.16% 0.04% 0.049 0.22% 0.466 0.00% 0.00% 0.038 0.13% 0.506 31.76% 9.15% 0.033 0.12% 0.306 9.31% 2.44% 0.036 0.14% 0.365 5.01% 1.05% 0.032 0.15% 0.274 15.93% 5.57% 0.025 0.07% 0.439 8.04% 1.03% 0.016 0.14% 0.274 0.00% 0.00% 0.009 0.05% 0.303 4.61% 0.007 0.93% 0.36% 0.422 6.20% 1.44% 0.447 1.47% 0.36% 0.269 5.91% 0.97% 0.327 0.22% 0.09% 0.372 0.00% 0.00% 0.331 4.17% 1.56% 0.286 0.25% 0.08% 0.524 11.83% 4.01% 0.514 0.25% 0.05% 0.141 0.00% 0.00% 0.294 0.73% 0.13% 0.261 0.00% 0.00% 0.208 0.06% 0.01% 0.229 0.09% 0.02% 0.293 0.342 8.83% 2.43% 0.321 0.00% 0.00% 0.526 0.02% 0.00% 0.353 20.73% 8.57% 0.324 9.72% 3.71% 0.334 0.01% 0.00% 0.214 5.83% 0.95% 0.309 1.83% 0.56% 0.464 0.28% 0.05% 0.299 0.08% 0.02% 0.352 0.04% 0.01% 0.309 0.00% 0.00% 0.315 0.21% 0.04% 0.269 1.33% 0.24% 0.239 0.00% 0.00% 0.466 0.00% 0.00% 0.316 1.62% 0.43% 0.105 0.37% 0.271 3.99% 0.41% 0.239 3.48% 0.94% 0.351 57.68% 8.73% 0.414 20.01% 7.30% 0.300 0.36% 0.13% 0.558 0.81% 0.17% 0.724 10.76% 5.79% 0.424 1.21% 0.24% 0.322 0.00% 0.00% 0.287 37.14% 15.27% 0.279 0.06% 0.01% 0.452 0.640 4.53% 0.85% 0.391 0.18% 0.10% 0.317 0.00% 0.00% 0.24% 0.07% 0.419 0.791 3.38% 0.51% 0.266 5.78% 1.98% 0.427 4.46% 1.18% 0.373 0.52% 0.12% 0.302 0.00% 0.00% 0.466 0.00% 0.00% 0.267 11.65% 2.18% 0.356 0.00% 0.00% 0.281 3.65% 0.77% 0.325 3.00% 0.38% 0.237 10.66% 4.34% 0.497 11.25% 2.15% 0.288 0.60% 0.13% 0.405 0.00% 0.00% 0.344 0.43% 0.10% 0.363 3.07% 1.01% 0.509 0.32% 0.10% 0.415 27.86% 9.89% 0.511 43.21% 6.26% 0.265 0.19% 0.04% 0.316 1.50% 0.63% 0.443 0.00% 0.00% 2.39% 0.56% 0.363 19.95% 5.91% 0.333 0.00% 0.00% 0.315 0.235 1.66% 0.25% 0.188 4.33% 0.79% 0.321 25.18% 8.03% 0.323 28.90% 3.57% 0.235 4.36% 3.30% 0.384 0.00% 0.00% 0.413 7.76% 2.26% 0.427 0.568 1.64% 0.29% 0.21% 0.08% 0.668 1.56% 0.46% 0.476 21.43% 0.202 0.49% 0.20% 0.411 0.00% 0.00% 0.364 0.02% 0.00% 0.252 0.00% 0.00% 0.214 4.35% 0.517 1.43% 0.426 Efficiency scores for resilience index vs environme Efficiency scores for readiness index vs environment protection spending Input Efficiency - DEA_output_readine FDH_output_readine Output Efficiency - Input Efficiency - readiness ss ss readiness resilience 0.040 0.453 0.453 0.453 0.051 0.536 0.536 0.536 0.043 0.553 0.553 0.553 0.057 0.557 0.557 0.557 0.092 0.230 0.646 0.646 0.646 0.319 0.456 0.863 0.863 0.863 0.359 0.052 0.549 0.549 0.549 0.081 0.248 0.635 0.635 0.635 0.363 0.384 0.748 0.748 0.748 0.361 0.052 0.538 0.538 0.538 0.080 0.463 0.865 0.865 0.865 0.361 0.069 0.433 0.433 0.433 0.396 0.461 0.819 0.819 0.819 0.509 0.063 0.583 0.583 0.583 0.333 0.599 0.945 0.945 0.945 0.513 0.650 0.976 0.976 0.976 0.813 0.274 0.646 0.646 0.646 0.512 0.388 0.700 0.700 0.700 0.692 0.297 0.677 0.677 0.677 0.682 0.575 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.853 0.264 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.383 0.069 0.539 0.539 0.539 0.113 0.536 0.878 0.878 0.878 0.548 0.065 0.572 0.572 0.572 0.114 0.615 0.615 0.615 0.289 0.515 0.825 0.825 0.825 0.756 0.073 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.120 0.550 0.869 0.869 0.869 0.756 0.071 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.380 0.460 0.774 0.774 0.774 0.412 0.139 0.626 0.626 0.626 0.411 0.510 0.783 0.783 0.783 0.240 0.674 0.900 0.787 0.659 0.491 0.763 0.763 0.763 0.594 0.435 0.726 0.726 0.726 0.423 0.612 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.612 0.439 0.723 0.723 0.723 0.355 0.637 0.878 0.878 0.878 1.000 0.596 0.870 0.870 0.870 0.829 0.069 0.472 0.472 0.472 0.112 0.353 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.134 0.336 0.667 0.667 0.667 0.601 0.498 0.723 0.723 0.723 0.509 0.473 0.734 0.734 0.734 0.456 0.380 0.701 0.701 0.701 0.111 0.070 0.441 0.441 0.441 0.325 0.443 0.692 0.692 0.692 0.604 0.057 0.514 0.514 0.514 0.023 0.680 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.893 0.632 0.759 0.759 0.759 0.825 0.854 0.966 0.966 0.966 0.566 0.703 0.868 0.868 0.868 1.000 0.065 0.443 0.443 0.443 0.027 0.077 0.358 0.358 0.358 0.033 0.093 0.580 0.580 0.580 0.511 0.094 0.488 0.488 0.488 0.445 0.146 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.348 0.084 0.541 0.541 0.541 0.134 0.071 0.397 0.397 0.397 0.117 0.069 0.444 0.444 0.444 0.029 0.061 0.427 0.427 0.427 0.026 0.084 0.464 0.464 0.464 0.138 0.419 0.647 0.647 0.647 0.614 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.556 0.083 0.475 0.475 0.475 0.135 0.090 0.523 0.523 0.523 0.402 0.086 0.572 0.572 0.572 0.379 0.088 0.468 0.468 0.468 0.143 0.365 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.536 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.090 0.490 0.490 0.490 0.474 0.103 0.518 0.518 0.518 0.166 0.078 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.033 0.528 0.715 0.720 0.718 0.717 0.069 0.309 0.309 0.309 0.032 0.088 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.142 0.105 0.430 0.430 0.430 0.171 0.136 0.620 0.834 0.727 0.631 0.143 0.597 0.784 0.691 0.232 0.293 0.721 0.925 0.823 0.890 0.099 0.365 0.365 0.365 0.042 0.099 0.358 0.358 0.358 0.163 0.588 0.732 0.935 0.834 0.872 0.086 0.445 0.445 0.445 0.034 0.150 0.542 0.692 0.617 0.603 0.730 0.812 1.000 0.906 1.000 0.217 0.656 0.804 0.730 1.000 0.132 0.457 0.608 0.533 0.218 0.094 0.373 0.373 0.373 0.039 0.186 0.725 0.940 0.832 0.299 0.375 0.476 0.497 0.486 0.702 0.109 0.420 0.441 0.430 0.045 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.289 0.805 0.920 0.863 0.517 0.733 0.963 1.000 0.981 1.000 0.443 0.585 0.639 0.612 0.903 0.268 0.626 0.721 0.674 1.000 0.278 0.479 0.542 0.511 0.117 0.310 0.773 0.867 0.820 0.550 1.000 0.685 1.000 0.843 0.458 1.000 0.096 0.343 0.361 0.352 0.173 0.046 0.516 0.516 0.516 0.019 0.302 0.636 0.662 0.649 0.432 ience index vs environment protection spending Source: IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Database, Climate Change Dashboard (IMF), and ND-GAIN database (University of Not Dame) Output Efficiency - resilience 0.709 0.900 0.870 0.775 0.889 0.875 0.686 0.833 0.838 0.926 0.844 0.925 0.998 0.908 0.938 0.940 0.940 0.853 0.726 0.915 0.810 0.939 0.790 0.943 0.846 0.857 0.847 0.891 0.910 0.891 0.910 0.813 1.000 0.949 0.781 0.769 0.921 0.844 0.840 0.791 0.811 0.906 0.566 0.964 0.974 0.893 0.991 0.554 0.632 0.890 0.838 0.810 0.713 0.740 0.640 0.627 0.787 0.898 0.865 0.703 0.829 0.814 0.733 0.885 1.000 0.870 0.805 0.564 0.929 0.552 0.654 0.781 0.885 0.835 0.919 0.650 0.761 0.963 0.436 0.876 1.000 0.973 0.765 0.603 0.742 0.822 0.659 0.925 1.000 0.973 0.972 0.759 0.927 0.908 1.000 0.751 0.564 0.830 ubsidies Database, Climate Change GAIN database (University of Notre 2. Stabilization Back (Unit: All in percentile ranks) 15 Weight Economy Code Overall Suriname SUR 0.065 Income group Angola AGO 0.137 High income Central African Republic CAF 0.080 Turkmenistan TKM 0.146 Low income Zimbabwe ZWE 0.046 Lower middle income Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 0.084 Nigeria NGA 0.222 Upper middle income Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.062 São Tomé and Príncipe STP 0.179 Region St. Kitts and Nevis KNA 0.124 East Asia & Pacific Lebanon LBN 0.084 Lesotho LSO 0.429 Europe & Central Asia Antigua and Barbuda ATG 0.128 Latin America & Cari... Gabon GAB 0.106 South Sudan SSD 0.094 Middle East & North... Liberia LBR 0.241 North America Eritrea ERI 0.168 Ghana GHA 0.153 South Asia Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR 0.127 Sub-Saharan Africa Tuvalu TUV 0.181 Dominica DMA 0.170 Sudan SDN 0.146 Chad TCD 0.161 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0.151 Solomon Islands SLB 0.341 Burundi BDI 0.252 Gambia, The GMB 0.305 Mozambique MOZ 0.306 Madagascar MDG 0.314 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0.195 Afghanistan AFG 0.521 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.284 Pakistan PAK 0.419 Cabo Verde CPV 0.323 Djibouti DJI 0.258 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 0.230 Vanuatu VUT 0.242 Togo TGO 0.264 Guinea GIN 0.227 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 0.522 Ecuador ECU 0.338 Haiti HTI 0.257 Marshall Islands MHL 0.343 Iraq IRQ 0.279 Tonga TON 0.381 Serbia SRB 0.526 Zambia ZMB 0.370 Grenada GRD 0.306 Libya LBY 0.120 Ukraine UKR 0.332 Jordan JOR 0.362 Sierra Leone SLE 0.264 Qatar QAT 0.345 Congo, Rep. COG 0.266 Cyprus CYP 0.357 Lao PDR LAO 0.279 Oman OMN 0.348 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0.408 Nepal NPL 0.353 Mongolia MNG 0.342 Eswatini SWZ 0.410 Romania ROU 0.490 Mauritania MRT 0.288 Timor-Leste TLS 0.308 Benin BEN 0.245 Greece GRC 0.393 Moldova MDA 0.533 Ireland IRL 0.335 Syrian Arab Republic SYR 0.145 Mali MLI 0.241 Fiji FJI 0.369 Niger NER 0.299 Seychelles SYC 0.394 Tajikistan TJK 0.508 Venezuela, RB VEN 0.448 Bhutan BTN 0.417 Maldives MDV 0.334 Somalia SOM 0.282 Sri Lanka LKA 0.512 Barbados BRB 0.461 Mauritius MUS 0.532 Bermuda BMU 0.410 Guyana GUY 0.224 Ethiopia ETH 0.457 Bahrain BHR 0.373 Cambodia KHM 0.627 Slovak Republic SVK 0.489 Nauru NRU 0.282 Burkina Faso BFA 0.405 Cuba CUB 0.507 Comoros COM 0.517 North Macedonia MKD 0.635 Botswana BWA 0.496 Portugal PRT 0.506 Azerbaijan AZE 0.489 Samoa WSM 0.398 Morocco MAR 0.540 Bangladesh BGD 0.597 Belarus BLR 0.568 Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.480 Tanzania TZA 0.600 Malawi MWI 0.524 Brazil BRA 0.623 Bahamas, The BHS 0.405 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.377 Argentina ARG 0.560 Kiribati KIR 0.473 Puerto Rico PRI 0.553 Lithuania LTU 0.569 Bolivia BOL 0.518 Jamaica JAM 0.471 Albania ALB 0.616 Cameroon CMR 0.502 Bulgaria BGR 0.460 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 0.588 Latvia LVA 0.572 Malta MLT 0.490 Palau PLW 0.355 Spain ESP 0.560 Poland POL 0.585 Hungary HUN 0.536 Uzbekistan UZB 0.597 Belize BLZ 0.496 Türkiye TUR 0.612 Uganda UGA 0.467 Iceland ISL 0.550 Kuwait KWT 0.590 Philippines PHL 0.528 Namibia NAM 0.531 Slovenia SVN 0.532 New Zealand NZL 0.668 Nicaragua NIC 0.587 Croatia HRV 0.599 Algeria DZA 0.549 Kosovo XKX 0.428 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 0.611 Dominican Republic DOM 0.507 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 0.632 Paraguay PRY 0.644 Georgia GEO 0.568 Czech Republic CZE 0.617 Honduras HND 0.623 Singapore SGP 0.524 Netherlands NLD 0.752 Armenia ARM 0.497 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.536 Montenegro MNE 0.565 United States USA 0.676 Aruba ABW 0.593 San Marino SMR 0.501 Estonia EST 0.618 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.547 Rwanda RWA 0.644 Kenya KEN 0.586 Uruguay URY 0.659 Italy ITA 0.733 Germany DEU 0.753 Myanmar MMR 0.629 Colombia COL 0.598 Papua New Guinea PNG 0.311 Taiwan, China TWN Russian Federation RUS 0.721 El Salvador SLV 0.635 United Kingdom GBR 0.747 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.556 Belgium BEL 0.768 United Arab Emirates ARE 0.574 Guatemala GTM 0.616 Costa Rica CRI 0.656 France FRA 0.765 Indonesia IDN 0.721 China CHN 0.831 Japan JPN 0.757 Tunisia TUN 0.565 Austria AUT 0.798 Vietnam VNM 0.710 Macao SAR, China MAC 0.527 Malaysia MYS 0.649 Luxembourg LUX 0.752 Greenland GRL 0.741 Mexico MEX 0.775 Panama PAN 0.535 Andorra AND 0.638 Chile CHL 0.781 Denmark DNK 0.818 St. Lucia LCA 0.624 Finland FIN 0.808 India IND 0.770 Israel ISR 0.823 Thailand THA 0.805 Senegal SEN 0.758 South Africa ZAF 0.834 Peru PER 0.750 Australia AUS 0.784 Canada CAN 0.768 Norway NOR 0.825 Sweden SWE 0.859 Switzerland CHE 0.877 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.832 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG 0.755 Faroe Islands FRO Gibraltar GIB St. Martin (French part) MAF New Caledonia NCL Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK British Virgin Islands VGB Northern Mariana Islands MNP Turks and Caicos Islands TCA Monaco MCO Curaçao CUW Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SXM Guam GUM Channel Islands CHI Cayman Islands CYM French Polynesia PYF Liechtenstein LIE American Samoa ASM Isle of Man IMN Average 0.473 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% (2.a) Volatility Volatility of Volatility of Volatility of government Volatility of public government Volatility of public government consumption investment consumption, SD of Investment, SD of log expenditure, SD of controlling for GDP controlling for GDP log difference difference log difference growth growth 0.064 0.097 0.129 0.19 0.099 0.128 0.055 0.007 0.027 0.059 0.007 0.137 0.013 0.011 0.007 0.031 0.031 0.079 0.027 0.026 0.061 0.397 0.232 0.053 0.383 0 0.006 0 0.165 0.174 0.147 0.049 0.237 0.051 0.025 0.159 0.048 0.02 0.16 0.543 0.488 0.479 0.491 0.478 0.037 0.095 0.032 0.157 0.025 0.09 0.144 0.02 0.022 0.019 0.337 0.013 0 0.013 0.106 0.043 0.122 0.211 0.046 0.115 0.127 0.179 0.11 0.116 0.122 0.091 0.053 0.092 0.019 0.196 0.132 0.014 0.211 0.175 0.244 0.037 0.164 0.23 0.121 0.569 0.118 0.314 0.043 0.253 0.295 0.039 0.229 0.44 0.364 0.229 0.427 0.109 0.622 0.206 0.105 0.606 0.079 0.311 0.611 0.079 0.325 0.049 0.22 0.058 0.04 0.192 0.568 0.532 0.669 0.284 0.482 0.348 0.743 0.451 0.332 0.38 0.08 0.474 0.53 0.077 0.211 0.433 0.122 0.21 0.415 0.464 0.068 0.216 0.064 0.247 0.074 0.255 0.133 0.214 0.111 0.131 0.185 0.037 0.055 0.127 0.033 0.045 0.543 0.404 0.476 0.379 0.399 0.465 0.308 0.074 0.248 0.314 0.071 0.446 0.369 0.432 0.085 0.141 0.195 0.085 0.452 0.295 0.438 0.717 0.409 0.69 0.674 0.389 0.19 0.506 0.179 0.153 0.39 0.153 0 0.374 0.147 0.537 0.373 0.141 0.293 0.527 0.274 0.007 0.171 0.353 0 0.166 0.296 0.222 0.288 0.067 0.257 0.032 0.066 0.243 0.344 0.464 0.495 0.347 0.44 0.115 0.507 0.258 0.112 0.485 0.169 0.452 0.4 0.17 0.434 0.427 0.193 0.36 0.322 0.19 0.344 0.223 0.086 0.158 0.216 0.083 0.326 0.33 0.406 0.321 0.293 0.494 0.47 0.716 0.465 0.453 0.338 0.238 0.169 0.334 0.217 0.235 0.1 0.223 0.332 0.116 0.148 0.327 0.102 0.537 0.281 0.59 0.543 0.262 0.838 0.702 0.485 0.968 0.708 0.434 0.531 0.143 0.458 0.523 0.145 0.272 0.061 0.153 0.262 0.058 0.446 0.316 0.459 0.266 0.275 0.2 0.268 0.255 0.241 0.25 0.29 0.236 0.236 0.844 0.342 0.306 0.791 0.319 0.693 0.202 0.362 0.513 0.227 0.36 0.504 0.26 0.098 0.358 0.889 0.096 0.043 0.368 0.708 0.648 0.367 0.695 0.403 0.453 0.402 0.868 0.836 0.416 0.896 0.829 0.41 0.183 0.164 0.204 0.254 0.763 0.558 0.249 0.746 0.29 0.226 0.243 0.282 0.198 0.591 0.427 0.874 0.595 0.421 0.687 0.263 0.764 0.648 0.249 0.069 0.579 0.385 0.311 0.55 0.37 0.507 0.585 0.372 0.411 0.556 0.357 0.555 0.805 0.853 0.536 0.803 0.47 0.641 0.522 0.504 0.625 0.808 0.318 0.727 0.857 0.3 0.151 0.287 0.5 0.151 0.139 0.348 0.138 0.302 0.61 0.637 0.308 0.599 0.621 0.915 0.8 0.589 0.892 0.422 0.586 0.848 0.406 0.561 0.392 0.379 0.469 0.386 0.364 0.35 0.824 0.927 0.34 0.574 0.443 0.555 0.766 0.69 0.885 0.772 0.682 0.199 0.537 0.464 0.242 0.542 0.103 0.208 0.269 0.125 0.476 0.671 0.664 0.445 0.644 0.205 0.274 0.203 0.398 0.958 0.393 0.904 0.732 0.49 0.883 0.72 0.561 0.769 0.422 0.523 0.771 0.525 0.564 0.484 0.754 0.629 0.732 0.661 0.593 0.778 0.336 0.458 0.7 0.313 0.657 0.092 0.606 0.608 0.09 0.97 0.366 0.811 0.942 0.351 0.549 0.519 0.843 0.51 0.516 0.356 0.324 0.748 0.353 0.306 0.279 0.735 0.561 0.822 0.726 0.729 0.482 0.89 0.68 0.472 0.711 0.177 0.895 0.765 0.172 0.627 0.543 0.585 0.615 0.536 0.163 0.415 0.632 0.177 0.395 0.669 0.738 0.906 0.654 0.739 0.073 0.818 0.264 0.072 0.822 0.651 0.592 0.574 0.667 0.574 0.416 0.616 0.437 0.412 0.612 0.5 0.305 0.706 0.517 0.287 0.513 0.653 0.395 0.478 0.657 0.79 0.5 0.448 0.817 0.491 0.784 0.946 0.816 0.713 0.93 0.633 0.665 0.769 0.641 0.637 0.85 0.391 0.779 0.87 0.376 0.663 0.555 0.385 0.634 0.548 0.428 0.91 0.616 0.981 0.603 0.135 0.516 0.621 0.134 0.705 0.659 0.685 0.631 0.609 0.714 0.695 0.582 0.714 0.488 0.458 0.658 0.471 0.446 0.699 0.421 0.864 0.706 0.408 0.772 0.494 0.669 0.785 0.497 0.44 0.872 0.085 0.419 0.867 0.928 0.964 0.922 0.876 0.962 0.386 0.299 0.553 0.38 0.281 0.181 0.604 0.432 0.184 0.586 0.796 0.269 0.753 0.837 0.268 0.802 0.976 0.627 0.739 0.981 0.332 0.886 0.016 0.902 0.916 0.598 0.622 0.863 0.58 0.58 0.511 0.567 0.32 0.781 0.722 0.301 0.778 0.458 0.647 0.711 0.425 0.618 0.696 0.869 0.688 0.964 0.86 0.964 0.955 0.86 0.922 0.994 0.943 0.909 0.988 0.88 0.677 0.343 0.798 0.663 0.675 0.72 0.548 0.687 0.701 0.185 0.76 0.848 0.7 0.693 0.835 0.519 0.525 0.837 0.51 0.615 0.94 0.795 0.628 0.943 0.217 0.549 0.3 0.197 0.529 0.982 0.909 0.948 0.987 0.899 0.187 0.75 0.285 0.157 0.727 0.573 0.354 0.806 0.576 0.338 0.874 0.635 0.679 0.824 0.65 0.862 0.958 1 0.778 0.956 0.723 0.726 0.79 0.759 0.752 0.952 0.9 0.924 0.994 0.97 0.832 0.961 0.975 0.278 0.683 0.653 0.275 0.676 0.988 0.982 0.932 0.969 0.597 0.775 0.579 0.569 0.765 0.645 0.104 0.374 1 0.109 0.567 0.866 0.674 0.563 0.854 0.82 0.83 0.969 0.752 0.816 0.741 0.856 0.885 0.937 0.831 0.937 0.232 0.858 0.223 0.643 0.639 0.933 0.974 0.602 0.911 0.94 0.921 0.979 0.929 0.918 0.744 0.595 0.758 0.976 0.891 0.985 0.974 0.879 0.531 0.903 0.953 0.497 0.95 1 0.879 0.879 0.994 0.873 0.681 0.787 0.785 0.804 0.784 0.814 0.793 0.774 0.733 0.79 0.832 0.842 0.99 0.746 0.841 0.747 0.799 0.737 0.811 0.797 0.826 0.757 0.916 0.719 0.733 0.934 0.897 0.6 0.916 0.886 0.958 0.927 0.758 0.948 0.905 0.898 0.988 0.995 0.85 0.994 0.952 1 0.911 0.935 1 0.946 0.854 0.827 0.922 0.848 0.892 0.811 0.327 0.844 0.809 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 9 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% Volatility of government Fatas-Mihov: Fatas-Mihov: expenditure Volatility of Fatas-Mihov: Volatility of controlling for GDP Government Volatility of Public government growth Consumption Investment expenditure Sub total 1 0.061 0.09 0.072 0.345 0.127 0.16 0.179 0.162 0.022 0.038 0.007 0.048 0.030 0.154 0.148 0.146 0.011 0.026 0.022 0.015 0.077 0.019 0.056 0.085 0.048 0.225 0.057 0.43 0.195 0.226 0.006 0 0 0.002 0.17 0.123 0.164 0.157 0.252 0.05 0.274 0.152 0.044 0.045 0.197 0.1 0.089 0.438 0.583 0.534 0.511 0.505 0.093 0.043 0.122 0.070 0.088 0.165 0.019 0.095 0.089 0.028 0.016 0.022 0.328 0.025 0.322 0.174 0.11 0 0.013 0.058 0.043 0.197 0.064 0.172 0.2 0.130 0.127 0.186 0.211 0.192 0.115 0.111 0.106 0.113 0.055 0.114 0.053 0.076 0.132 0.013 0.166 0.137 0.113 0.039 0.19 0.418 0.064 0.173 0.547 0.133 0.685 0.362 0.368 0.031 0.232 0.197 0.372 0.254 0.381 0.364 0.340 0.181 0.14 0.626 0.206 0.311 0.623 0.076 0.326 0.716 0.350 0.05 0.051 0.191 0.037 0.099 1 0.51 0.574 0.642 0.284 0.722 0.494 0.32 0.774 0.518 0.492 0.298 0.074 0.4 0.312 0.126 0.197 0.461 0.143 0.258 0.208 0.456 0.099 0.3 0.234 0.066 0.266 0.069 0.163 0.104 0.159 0.178 0.111 0.147 0.121 0.032 0.037 0.116 0.067 0.509 0.637 0.563 0.361 0.545 0.479 0.358 0.430 0.246 0.342 0.093 0.222 0.213 0.432 0.5 0.479 0.443 0.219 0.089 0.129 0.311 0.157 0.317 0.412 0.332 0.374 0.678 0.709 0.405 0.69 0.596 0.487 0.185 0.506 0.342 0.35 0.135 0.258 0.240 0 0.006 0.002 0.531 0.323 0.148 0.632 0.356 0.481 0.338 0.458 0.395 0.334 0.007 0.105 0.295 0.160 0.214 0.614 0.316 0.325 0.033 0.07 0.252 0.032 0.117 0.46 0.387 0.571 0.469 0.442 0.241 0.121 0.522 0.248 0.290 0.383 0.178 0.448 0.485 0.347 0.416 0.453 0.432 0.307 0.222 0.344 0.348 0.292 0.159 0.216 0.117 0.174 0.159 0.388 0.317 0.24 0.379 0.333 0.716 0.513 0.412 0.732 0.552 0.164 0.355 0.246 0.243 0.256 0.099 0.228 0.127 0.169 0.137 0.349 0.203 0.158 0.208 0.58 0.564 0.283 0.611 0.472 0.476 0.526 0.596 0.464 0.640 0.148 0.463 0.491 0.132 0.369 0.145 0.143 0.292 0.062 0.19 0.166 0.301 0.497 0.39 0.402 0.175 0.26 0.277 0.185 0.240 0.279 0.235 0.154 0.227 0.239 0.268 0.842 0.264 0.306 0.476 0.448 0.23 0.374 0.577 0.216 0.374 0.52 0.102 0.068 0.279 0.297 0.027 0.035 0.656 0.33 0.681 0.743 0.577 0.421 0.369 0.369 0.403 0.41 0.798 0.804 0.495 0.706 0.410 0.192 0.234 0.5 0.246 0.525 0.279 0.7 0.653 0.525 0.235 0.311 0.27 0.253 0.256 0.831 0.469 0.375 0.795 0.598 0.744 0.785 0.295 0.848 0.587 0.072 0.043 0.061 0.296 0.557 0.387 0.285 0.413 0.507 0.378 0.595 0.399 0.422 0.453 0.82 0.488 0.78 0.853 0.721 0.498 0.431 0.547 0.49 0.525 0.705 0.817 0.356 0.7 0.621 0.465 0.152 0.221 0.532 0.307 0.323 0.108 0.343 0.233 0.618 0.285 0.651 0.548 0.506 0.749 0.722 0.89 0.785 0.774 0.864 0.45 0.442 0.769 0.594 0.443 0.393 0.289 0.527 0.405 0.919 0.361 0.823 0.927 0.684 0.405 0.645 0.411 0.506 0.88 0.937 0.767 0.948 0.814 0.454 0.241 0.467 0.432 0.398 0.263 0.146 0.332 0.385 0.229 0.613 0.659 0.731 0.895 0.644 0.274 0.203 0.269 0.238 0.929 0.406 0.911 0.666 0.449 0.975 0.743 0.448 0.705 0.394 0.804 0.792 0.427 0.607 0.563 0.399 0.616 0.525 0.694 0.741 0.614 0.753 0.686 0.811 0.313 0.416 0.516 0.574 0.589 0.086 0.6 0.434 0.782 0.88 0.362 0.79 0.695 0.837 0.678 0.559 0.858 0.652 0.76 0.273 0.307 0.606 0.448 0.285 0.237 0.267 0.608 0.62 0.695 0.681 0.847 0.697 0.528 0.837 0.685 0.902 0.868 0.215 0.885 0.621 0.569 0.747 0.485 0.564 0.586 0.629 0.247 0.436 0.764 0.429 0.869 0.57 0.749 0.874 0.752 0.083 0.853 0.353 0.417 0.551 0.589 0.579 0.597 0.427 0.418 0.516 0.537 0.488 0.711 0.437 0.35 0.758 0.508 0.367 0.633 0.694 0.437 0.536 0.47 0.773 0.473 0.374 0.571 0.793 0.716 0.945 0.8 0.827 0.804 0.836 0.724 0.943 0.739 0.766 0.684 0.393 0.727 0.648 0.356 0.671 0.565 0.395 0.530 0.428 0.602 0.69 0.522 0.720 0.536 0.538 0.142 0.406 0.403 0.662 0.728 0.657 0.669 0.675 0.689 0.602 0.688 0.627 0.658 0.645 0.482 0.424 0.59 0.518 0.826 0.665 0.454 0.827 0.652 0.64 0.627 0.504 0.706 0.633 0.082 0.425 0.866 0.074 0.459 0.908 0.912 0.994 0.879 0.927 0.514 0.336 0.258 0.543 0.394 0.399 0.184 0.663 0.443 0.408 0.727 0.532 0.209 0.722 0.568 0.585 0.766 0.982 0.595 0.784 0.995 0.153 0.493 0.017 0.652 0.011 0.414 0.899 0.602 0.658 0.717 0.503 0.54 0.474 0.529 0.7 0.38 0.774 0.674 0.603 0.684 0.475 0.632 0.816 0.607 0.897 0.669 0.932 0.792 0.957 0.861 0.896 0.89 0.912 0.924 0.855 0.988 0.937 0.940 0.312 0.963 0.639 0.29 0.618 0.541 0.874 0.718 0.569 0.670 0.203 0.169 0.186 0.673 0.792 0.755 0.806 0.762 0.809 0.444 0.553 0.779 0.622 0.787 0.925 0.939 0.585 0.795 0.29 0.209 0.608 0.327 0.358 0.935 0.956 0.927 0.9 0.938 0.257 0.171 0.712 0.337 0.398 0.755 0.576 0.301 0.711 0.554 0.651 0.849 0.675 0.748 0.732 0.99 1 0.958 0.985 0.943 0.776 0.76 0.737 0.737 0.751 0.858 0.902 0.953 0.915 0.798 0.931 0.97 0.811 0.916 0.634 0.304 0.583 0.553 0.515 0.913 0.969 0.976 0.869 0.950 0.558 0.64 0.786 0.648 0.657 0.552 0.095 0.08 0.079 0.338 0.667 0.519 0.859 0.643 0.690 0.946 0.703 0.829 0.969 0.848 0.741 0.94 0.893 0.908 0.974 0.907 0.886 0.227 0.679 0.518 0.607 0.664 0.638 0.951 0.754 0.951 0.995 0.857 0.962 0.988 0.915 0.958 0.946 0.591 0.761 0.516 0.661 0.968 0.918 0.884 0.979 0.939 0.973 0.646 0.933 0.964 0.817 0.842 0.982 0.872 0.843 0.907 0.853 0.779 0.816 0.864 0.795 0.771 0.83 0.798 0.832 0.793 0.979 0.823 0.841 1 0.877 0.738 0.507 0.81 0.622 0.730 0.875 0.735 0.706 0.916 0.798 0.596 0.887 0.878 0.558 0.795 0.733 0.994 0.921 0.922 0.896 0.984 0.95 0.964 0.99 0.957 0.891 0.906 1 0.906 0.945 0.815 0.944 0.835 0.822 0.868 0.339 0.621 0.847 0.264 0.639 0.477 TRUE TRUE TRUE 3 TRUE 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% (2.b Rigid Expenditure) Structural Procyclicality of Rigid expenditure (% expenditure (% of Structural ratio of spending over 2011- of total expenditure) total expenditure) rigid expenditure Sub total 2 2022 0.039 0.082 0.131 0.087 0.06 0.196 0.011 0.381 0.022 0 0.327 0.397 0.289 0.185 0.718 0.821 0.234 0.229 0.598 0.365 0.125 0.142 0.321 0.158 0.25 0.408 0.164 0.566 0.017 0.153 0.272 0.403 0.028 0.593 0.653 0.571 0.093 0.033 0.522 0.077 0.419 0.343 0.236 0.325 0.432 0.2805 0.702 0.783 0.337 0.049 0.203 0.163 0.689 0.183 0.468 0.18 0.149 0.608 0.1645 0.452 0.615 0.435 0.911 0.933 0.243 0.922 0.104 0.158 0.271 0.351 0.2145 0.212 0.424 0.685 0.18 0.843 0.843 0.055 0.495 0.663 0.175 0.579 0.712 0.359 0.36 0.419 0.513 0.3895 0.631 0.24 1 1 0.071 0.577 0.012 0.23 0.081 0.121 0.664 0.574 0.338 0.972 0.456 0.218 0.192 0 1 0.096 0.441 0.245 0.044 0.348 0.753 0.753 0.946 0.457 0.506 0.256 0.652 0.652 0.789 0.31 0.484 0.27 0.406 0.445 0.338 0.278 0.115 0.147 0.68 0.533 0.214 0.244 0.459 0.229 0.495 0.944 0.944 0.191 0.669 0.124 0.298 0.229 0.211 0.805 0.169 0.057 0.055 0.702 0.056 0.609 0.967 0.96 0.162 0.9635 0.555 0.877 0.906 0.405 0.8915 0.875 0.098 0.472 0.582 0.364 0.527 0.462 0.414 0.604 0.854 0 0.014 0.378 0.007 0.691 0.375 0.866 0.852 0.905 0.859 0.066 0.283 0.888 0.888 0.549 0.136 0.135 0.028 0.945 0.0815 0.859 0.261 0.316 0.315 0.757 0.027 0.536 0.696 0.109 0.394 0.568 0.216 0.481 0.528 0.293 0.311 0.662 0.302 0.919 0.54 0.514 0.756 0.527 0.332 0.484 0.136 0.986 0.31 0.848 0.618 0.618 0.045 0.257 0.094 0.151 0.832 0.225 0.068 0.932 0.1465 0.767 0.641 0.487 0.959 0.564 0.392 0.63 0.744 0.256 0.687 0.207 0.674 0.326 0.352 0.635 0.339 0.539 0.899 0.899 0.202 0.596 0.609 0.594 0.6025 0.56 0.794 0.697 0.717 0.648 0.707 0.299 0.517 0.622 0.297 0.5695 0.386 0.147 0.095 0.891 0.121 0.837 0.338 0.446 0.418 0.392 0.707 0.006 0.405 0.284 0.878 0.3445 0.897 0.544 0.416 0.541 0.31 0.4785 0.174 0.914 0.473 0.259 0.649 0.04 0.454 0.924 0.731 0.731 0.729 0.45 0.433 0.716 0.4415 0.647 0.765 0.771 0.918 0.768 0.267 0.72 0.72 0.102 0.122 0.621 0.112 0.962 0.686 0.686 0.778 0.607 0.73 0.189 0.6685 0.761 0.49 0.034 0.109 0.472 0.0715 0.935 0.952 0.383 0.383 0.93 0.427 0.555 0.27 0.491 0.5 0.658 0.978 0.973 0.527 0.9755 0.582 0.787 0.811 0.77 0.799 0.511 0.305 0.079 0.176 0.283 0.1275 0.74 0.068 0.041 0.864 0.0545 0.87 0.989 0.987 0.554 0.988 0.294 0.675 0.69 0.851 0.6825 0.12 0.636 0.551 0.703 0.135 0.627 0.75 0.439 0.636 0.148 0.5375 0.734 0.371 0.379 0.675 0.375 1 0.809 0.865 0.567 0.837 0.772 0.023 0.19 0.202 0.1065 0.957 0.956 1 0.013 0.978 0.43 0.903 0.62 0.113 0.217 0.324 0.165 0.799 0.854 0.854 0.723 0.479 0.09 0.082 0.743 0.086 0.968 0.587 0.169 0.203 0.54 0.186 0.984 0.816 0.742 0.946 0 0.844 0.756 0.354 0.248 0.528 0.108 0.388 0.886 0.708 0.784 0.486 0.746 0.37 0.625 0.776 0.879 0.067 0.8275 0.223 0.281 0.392 0.5 0.3365 0.881 0.446 0.304 0.365 0.581 0.3345 0.892 0.517 0.461 0.46 0.729 0.4605 0.979 0.798 0.825 0.797 0.8115 0.81 0.922 0.919 0.783 0.9205 0.642 0.663 0.798 0.054 0.7305 0.843 0.821 0.838 0.824 0.8295 0.745 0.562 0.562 0.973 0.506 0.473 0.81 0.4895 0.995 0.349 0.595 0.121 0.472 0.941 0.529 0.5 0.837 0.5145 0.908 0.585 0.676 0.337 0.6305 0.99 0.832 0.892 0.391 0.862 0.827 0.933 0.933 0.865 0.500 0.500 0.522 0.500 TRUE TRUE 3 33.3% 33.3% (2.c) Cyclicality Procyclicality Fiscal Impulse (avg) - Coefficient (b) deviation from zero Sub total 3 0.048 0.015 0.0435 0.043 0.263 0.0625 0.329 0.614 0.23 0.189 0.789 0.138 0.324 0.533 0.192 0.221 0.957 0.2085 0.47 0.796 0.2405 0.108 0.022 0.2445 0.054 0.038 0.14 0.606 0.07 0.075 0.424 0.201 0.205 0.301 0.021 0.387 0.155 0.432 0.49 0.3085 0.167 0.351 0.4425 0.264 0 0.5425 0.21 0.38 0.222 0.064 0.1465 0.081 0.037 0.3395 0.345 0.198 0.355 0.486 0.168 0.3055 0.027 0.241 0.0845 0.232 0.271 0.2765 0.675 0.767 0.4165 0.151 0.869 0.2005 0.172 0.329 0.29 0.248 0.716 0.206 0.4 0.183 0.483 0.297 0.157 0.03 0.086 0.453 0.1195 0.443 0.365 0.3575 0.118 0.643 0.2605 0.405 0.833 0.2165 0.367 0.154 0.48 0.578 0.679 0.6155 0.843 0.336 0.707 0.708 0.4005 0.097 0.971 0.065 0.259 0.687 0.3905 0.005 0.041 0.87 0.6445 0.459 0.402 0.401 0.427 0.395 0.5645 0.124 0.132 0.4535 0.67 0.095 0.5035 0.902 0.738 0.4755 0.351 0.344 0.4095 0.464 0.482 0.458 0.54 0.745 0.5775 0.372 0.044 0.4035 0.01 0.73 0.057 0.281 0.2465 0.07 0.92 0.247 0.016 0.285 0.3505 0.491 0.103 0.3355 0.032 0.526 0.0435 0.594 0.212 0.653 0.924 0.468 0.6415 0.178 0.292 0.4045 0.529 0.541 0.3845 0 0.008 0.0355 0.135 0.701 0.356 0.194 0.429 0.362 0.431 0.29 0.502 0.4715 0.145 0.145 0.691 0.672 0.468 0.497 0.2705 0.605 0.928 0.4765 0.059 0.234 0.5025 0.756 0.599 0.6065 0.589 0.774 0.5475 0.637 0.081 0.4465 0.513 0.847 0.651 0.318 0.314 0.783 0.052 0.6335 0.129 0.11 0.2035 0.2 0.782 0.1575 0.356 0.723 0.2515 0.762 0.519 0.721 0.897 0.227 0.715 0.416 0.4555 0.572 0.818 0.3815 0.751 0.3 0.71 0.794 0.935 0.7995 0.648 0.125 0.4085 0.61 0.6095 0.567 0.563 0.561 0.249 0.41 0.066 0.6425 0.037 0.636 0.0675 0.6 0.358 0.531 0.994 0.704 0.091 0.84 0.3475 0.308 0.803 0.581 0.643 0.555 0.667 0.481 0.855 0.428 0.616 0.592 0.341 0.335 0.621 0.309 0.972 0.088 0.7605 0.291 0.2135 0.437 0.648 0.243 0.146 0.252 0.302 0.059 0.309 0.275 0.307 0.4855 0.816 0.548 0.4625 0.508 0.993 0.518 0.183 0.176 0.551 0.421 0.3765 0.74 0.794 0.383 0.6075 0.686 0.205 0.7265 0.113 0.2525 0.875 0.219 0.541 0.718 0.504 0.696 0.389 0.628 0.464 0.162 0.475 0.182 0.156 0.358 1 0.073 0.897 0.524 0.964 0.4115 0.562 0.256 0.474 0.821 0.829 0.227 0.467 0.254 0.913 0.13 0.518 0.161 0.7075 0.664 0.577 0.604 0.314 0.654 0.876 0.414 0.724 0.884 0.819 0.535 0.76 0.504 0.659 0.511 0.7915 0.378 0.438 0.5535 0.729 0.688 0.632 0.409 0.4495 0.767 0.8645 0.454 0.19 0.616 0.81 0.949 0.7855 0.621 0.57 0.5555 0.983 0.959 0.832 0.892 0.827 0.8785 0.394 0.447 0.545 0.657 0.6015 0.286 0.117 0.434 0.102 0.417 0.3065 0.216 0.584 0.2605 0.859 0.7995 0.908 0.889 0.313 0.3035 0.475 1 0.2975 0.735 0.862 0.6855 0.627 0.139 0.6885 0.805 0.373 0.7695 0.945 0.9725 0.962 0.752 0.867 0.886 0.9215 0.967 0.278 0.6985 0.702 0.825 0.8025 0.237 0.46 0.4285 0.864 0.8315 0.27 0.891 0.4965 0.681 0.811 0.58 0.94 0.954 0.837 0.986 0.712 0.929 0.9565 0.918 0.322 0.867 0.8 0.778 0.697 0.497 0.5255 0.772 0.829 0.448 0.694 0.409 0.551 0.665 0.588 0.789 0.709 0.506 0.951 0.916 0.583 0.906 0.5145 0.881 0.8865 0.745 0.65 0.631 0.891 0.935 0.848 0.446 0.829 0.34 0.979 0.491 0.778 0.898 0.8105 0.713 0.942 0.729 0.956 0.9645 0.935 0.965 0.989 0.965 0.913 0.9105 0.854 0.922 0.556 0.6915 0.978 0.9215 Volatility Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2010 to 2020 Country ISO Region Income South Sudan SSD Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Income Congo, Dem. Rep. COD Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA High income Zimbabwe ZWE Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Liberia LBR Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Low income Yemen, Rep. YEM Low MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Lower middle income Central African Republic CAF Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA San Marino SMR High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Upper middle income Angola AGO Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Region Azerbaijan AZE Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Equatorial Guinea GNQ Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EAST ASIA AND PA... Iraq IRQ MIDDLE EAST AND Upper NORTH AFRICA middle income Somalia SOM Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA EUROPE AND CENT... Timor-Leste TLS Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC LATIN AMERICA AN... Guinea GIN Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MIDDLE EAST AND ... Sao Tome and Principe STP Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Guinea-Bissau GNB Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTH AMERICA Congo, Rep. COG Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SOUTH ASIA Nauru NRU High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Vanuatu VUT Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC SUB-SAHARAN AFR... Solomon Islands SLB Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Mongolia MNG Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Eritrea ERI Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Gabon GAB Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Sudan SDN Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Burundi BDI Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Seychelles SYC High income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Turkmenistan TKM Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Suriname SUR AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Serbia SRB Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Togo TGO Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Antigua and Barbuda ATG ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Venezuela, RB VEN AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Belarus BLR Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Nigeria NGA Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Kiribati KIR Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Georgia GEO Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Tajikistan TJK Lower middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Mali MLI Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Ghana GHA Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Marshall Islands MHL Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Madagascar MDG Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Gambia, The GMB Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Djibouti DJI Lower MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Qatar QAT High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN Lower MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Tuvalu TUV Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Lebanon LBN Lower MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Sierra Leone SLE Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Dominica DMA AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Kazakhstan KAZ Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Trinidad and Tobago TTO ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Haiti HTI AND THE LATIN AMERICALower CARIBBEAN middle income Comoros COM Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Chad TCD Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Mozambique MOZ Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA St. Kitts and Nevis KNA ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Tonga TON Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Zambia ZMB Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Maldives MDV SOUTH ASIA Upper middle income Libya LBY Upper MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Ukraine UKR Lower middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Kuwait KWT High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Benin BEN Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Moldova MDA Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Cabo Verde CPV Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Afghanistan AFG SOUTH ASIA Low income Dominican Republic DOM AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Montenegro MNE Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Ecuador ECU AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Grenada GRD AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Nepal NPL SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Argentina ARG AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Cote d'Ivoire CIV Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Armenia ARM Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Aruba ABW ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Romania ROU High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Bahrain BHR High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Ethiopia ETH Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Malawi MWI Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Rwanda RWA Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Niger NER Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Barbados BRB ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Bhutan BTN SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Macao SAR, China MAC High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Lesotho LSO Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Cameroon CMR Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Palau PLW Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Bulgaria BGR Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Russian Federation RUS Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Hungary HUN High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Albania ALB Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Brunei Darussalam BRN High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Saudi Arabia SAU High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Singapore SGP High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC United Arab Emirates ARE High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Eswatini SWZ Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Uzbekistan UZB Lower middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Algeria DZA Lower MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Samoa WSM Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Oman OMN High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Ireland IRL High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Myanmar MMR Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Latvia LVA High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Jordan JOR Upper MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA Lao PDR LAO Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Fiji FJI Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Iceland ISL High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Indonesia IDN Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Burkina Faso BFA Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Mauritania MRT Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Guyana GUY AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Namibia NAM Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Kyrgyz Republic KGZ Lower middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Belize BLZ AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Pakistan PAK SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Panama PAN ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Greece GRC High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Brazil BRA AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Cambodia KHM Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Croatia HRV High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Jamaica JAM AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Hong Kong SAR, China HKG High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Papua New Guinea PNG Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Botswana BWA Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA El Salvador SLV AND THE LATIN AMERICALower CARIBBEAN middle income Nicaragua NIC AND THE LATIN AMERICALower CARIBBEAN middle income Guatemala GTM AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Honduras HND AND THE LATIN AMERICALower CARIBBEAN middle income Cyprus CYP High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Slovak Republic SVK High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Vietnam VNM Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Lithuania LTU High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Uganda UGA Low income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Paraguay PRY AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Bolivia BOL AND THE LATIN AMERICALower CARIBBEAN middle income Sri Lanka LKA SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Czechia CZE High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Thailand THA Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Costa Rica CRI AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Andorra AND High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Bahamas, The BHS ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Malta MLT High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Estonia EST High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Tanzania TZA Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Mauritius MUS Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Turkiye TUR Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Slovenia SVN High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Senegal SEN Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Philippines PHL Lower middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Morocco MAR Lower MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA middle income Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY Lower MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA middle income Uruguay URY ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN United Kingdom GBR High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Portugal PRT High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Mexico MEX AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Kenya KEN Lower middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA China CHN Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC St. Lucia LCA AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Bangladesh BGD SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Colombia COL AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income North Macedonia MKD Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Chile CHL ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Syrian Arab Republic SYR Low MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA Malaysia MYS Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Luxembourg LUX High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Peru PER AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Spain ESP High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Poland POL High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Tunisia TUN Lower MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA middle income Israel ISR High MIDDLE EAST AND income NORTH AFRICA New Zealand NZL High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC South Africa ZAF Upper middle income SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Korea, Rep. KOR High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC United States USA NORTH AMERICA High income Canada CAN NORTH AMERICA High income India IND SOUTH ASIA Lower middle income Australia AUS High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Japan JPN High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Austria AUT High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Italy ITA High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Denmark DNK High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Belgium BEL High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Finland FIN High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Netherlands NLD High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Germany DEU High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Switzerland CHE High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Puerto Rico PRI ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Norway NOR High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Sweden SWE High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA France FRA High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA West Bank and Gaza PSE Lower MIDDLE EAST AND middle NORTH income AFRICA American Samoa ASM Upper middle income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Bermuda BMU NORTH AMERICA High income British Virgin Islands VGB ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Cayman Islands CYM ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Channel Islands CHI High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Cuba CUB AND THE LATIN AMERICAUpper CARIBBEAN middle income Curacao CUW ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Faroe Islands FRO High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA French Polynesia PYF High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Gibraltar GIB High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Greenland GRL High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Guam GUM High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Isle of Man IMN High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PRK Low income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Kosovo XKX Upper middle EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA income Liechtenstein LIE High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Monaco MCO High income EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA New Caledonia NCL High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Northern Mariana Islands MNP High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SXM ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN St. Martin (French part) MAF ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Turks and Caicos Islands TCA ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR ANDincome LATIN AMERICAHigh THE CARIBBEAN Taiwan, China TWN High income EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Average *Volatility is calculated as standard deviation of log difference of the variables, here. Residulas from the estimation Volatility of Volatility of Volatility of government Volatility of public government Volatility of public government consumption investment consumption, SD of Investment, SD of log expenditure, SD of controlling for GDP controlling for GDP log difference difference log difference growth growth 0.27 0.25 0.64 0.21 0.20 0.49 0.29 0.32 0.24 0.68 0.11 0.53 1.09 0.35 0.93 0.20 1.03 0.27 0.15 0.87 0.02 0.30 -0.04 0.13 0.33 0.13 0.08 0.19 0.10 0.27 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.28 0.25 0.05 0.13 0.16 0.33 0.13 0.11 0.24 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.21 0.55 0.17 0.17 0.40 0.32 0.13 0.17 0.21 0.29 0.24 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.28 0.26 0.15 0.13 0.22 0.07 0.22 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.37 0.14 0.03 0.22 0.69 0.73 0.18 0.10 0.66 0.19 0.05 0.51 0.14 0.24 0.09 0.06 0.58 0.12 0.02 0.43 0.08 0.28 0.11 0.03 0.13 0.16 0.23 0.02 0.21 0.05 -0.02 0.07 0.11 0.30 0.17 0.07 0.15 0.61 0.19 0.47 0.02 0.30 0.05 0.16 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.15 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.06 -0.01 0.05 0.02 0.24 0.11 -0.03 0.10 0.07 0.53 0.15 0.02 0.38 0.21 0.34 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.17 0.25 0.06 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.20 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.21 0.17 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.42 0.13 0.27 0.13 0.26 0.32 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.38 0.32 0.10 0.33 0.16 0.35 0.17 0.19 0.08 0.17 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.39 0.12 0.01 0.24 0.03 0.23 0.09 -0.02 0.08 0.28 0.30 0.16 0.22 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.08 0.00 0.55 0.12 0.39 0.04 0.11 0.00 0.30 0.08 0.16 0.07 0.36 0.10 -0.03 0.20 0.43 0.05 0.33 0.07 0.01 0.17 0.05 0.14 0.09 0.00 -0.01 0.06 0.35 0.15 0.01 0.20 0.02 0.12 0.08 -0.04 -0.03 0.05 0.37 0.08 -0.01 0.22 0.16 0.08 -0.02 0.03 0.33 0.08 -0.02 0.18 0.02 0.27 0.05 -0.03 0.12 0.05 0.19 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.33 0.10 0.17 0.09 0.24 0.11 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.13 0.06 0.00 -0.01 0.13 0.30 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.11 0.11 0.04 0.19 0.05 -0.01 0.04 0.06 0.29 0.12 0.02 0.14 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.03 -0.04 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.10 0.05 0.01 -0.05 0.07 0.27 0.13 0.02 0.12 0.22 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.17 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.35 0.10 -0.04 0.20 0.04 0.18 0.08 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.24 0.09 -0.02 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.36 0.06 -0.02 0.21 0.02 0.08 0.05 -0.02 -0.07 0.02 0.31 0.03 -0.03 0.16 0.01 0.23 0.04 -0.04 0.08 0.02 0.14 0.05 -0.02 0.00 0.05 0.23 0.09 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.20 0.00 -0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.05 -0.04 0.09 0.06 0.25 0.09 0.01 0.10 0.03 0.17 0.06 -0.02 0.02 0.03 0.16 0.10 -0.02 0.01 0.11 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.20 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.17 0.16 -0.01 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.11 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.17 0.04 -0.01 0.02 0.27 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.08 0.03 0.20 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.15 0.07 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.03 0.22 0.11 -0.01 0.07 0.06 0.28 0.13 0.01 0.14 0.31 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.10 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.06 -0.04 0.10 0.21 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.24 0.05 -0.01 0.09 0.29 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.27 0.06 -0.01 0.12 0.02 0.13 0.04 -0.03 -0.02 0.03 0.21 0.04 -0.02 0.06 0.02 0.22 0.04 -0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 -0.01 0.01 0.09 0.11 -0.03 -0.06 0.13 0.04 0.14 0.08 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.04 -0.02 -0.01 0.03 0.24 0.04 -0.02 0.09 0.02 0.18 0.06 -0.03 0.03 0.06 0.20 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.28 0.04 -0.02 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.06 -0.02 -0.05 0.01 0.11 0.08 -0.03 -0.04 0.17 0.09 0.12 0.12 -0.06 0.03 0.12 0.05 -0.02 -0.04 0.03 0.10 0.09 -0.01 -0.05 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.01 -0.03 0.02 0.21 0.04 -0.03 0.06 0.02 0.10 0.04 -0.03 -0.05 0.02 0.14 0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.06 0.09 0.17 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.16 0.08 0.01 0.06 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.15 0.06 -0.03 0.00 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.09 -0.03 -0.07 0.03 0.11 0.03 -0.02 -0.04 0.02 0.18 0.09 -0.03 0.03 0.02 0.10 0.04 -0.03 -0.05 0.04 0.25 0.05 -0.01 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.05 -0.01 0.12 0.04 -0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 -0.02 -0.10 0.02 0.25 0.05 -0.03 0.10 0.02 0.06 0.03 -0.03 -0.10 0.04 0.14 0.05 0.00 -0.01 0.05 0.03 -0.10 0.11 0.06 -0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 -0.02 -0.10 0.03 0.12 0.07 -0.02 -0.03 0.03 0.09 0.04 -0.01 -0.06 0.03 0.05 0.02 -0.02 -0.10 0.10 0.03 0.07 0.05 -0.02 -0.08 0.02 0.09 0.02 -0.03 -0.06 0.02 0.09 0.05 -0.03 -0.06 0.02 0.16 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.18 0.04 -0.02 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 -0.04 -0.08 0.02 0.05 0.04 -0.03 -0.10 0.02 0.08 0.01 -0.03 -0.07 0.01 0.07 0.04 -0.04 -0.07 0.02 0.03 0.06 -0.03 -0.12 0.01 0.06 0.06 -0.04 -0.09 0.04 0.05 0.02 -0.01 -0.10 0.02 0.11 0.03 -0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 -0.04 -0.11 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.11 0.01 0.07 0.02 -0.04 -0.08 0.01 0.05 0.02 -0.04 -0.10 0.01 0.05 0.02 -0.04 -0.10 0.01 0.06 0.02 -0.04 -0.09 0.01 0.04 0.03 -0.03 -0.11 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.04 -0.12 0.01 0.01 0.03 -0.04 -0.14 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.05 -0.04 -0.10 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.03 -0.12 0.02 0.04 0.01 -0.03 -0.11 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.064 0.012 0.061 the estimation Fiscal volatility measure (Fatas and Mihov 2003) Volatility of government Fatas-Mihov: Fatas-Mihov: expenditure Volatility of Fatas-Mihov: Volatility of controlling for GDP Government Volatility of Public government growth Consumption Investment expenditure 0.21 0.30 0.15 0.24 0.56 0.20 0.27 0.24 0.27 0.05 0.61 0.10 0.30 0.95 0.31 0.21 0.22 0.80 0.22 0.24 0.03 0.30 0.05 0.12 0.32 0.13 0.03 0.11 0.28 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.20 0.21 0.07 0.16 0.34 0.11 0.27 0.12 0.08 0.16 0.11 0.22 0.59 0.17 0.08 0.34 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.30 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.26 0.25 0.16 0.23 0.16 0.07 0.21 0.01 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.34 0.14 0.12 0.65 0.77 0.22 0.14 0.10 0.64 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.22 0.06 0.60 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.32 0.12 0.09 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.00 0.03 0.21 0.06 0.12 0.11 0.31 0.17 0.14 0.57 0.16 -0.02 0.04 0.19 0.05 0.07 0.20 0.20 0.13 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.04 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.26 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.46 0.13 0.07 0.20 0.31 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.17 0.24 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.22 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.19 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.37 0.11 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.21 0.30 0.18 0.05 0.39 0.36 0.11 0.11 0.36 0.17 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.37 0.13 0.04 0.03 0.21 0.09 0.11 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.06 0.56 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.30 0.07 0.02 0.15 0.38 0.11 0.35 0.31 0.01 0.06 0.33 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.17 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.30 0.14 0.03 0.04 0.15 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.38 0.09 -0.06 0.18 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.33 0.09 -0.01 0.03 0.29 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.18 0.10 0.04 0.33 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.23 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.09 0.02 0.06 0.26 0.07 -0.06 0.14 -0.01 0.04 0.21 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.07 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.09 0.00 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.25 0.13 0.03 0.22 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.15 0.13 0.01 0.16 0.38 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.07 0.02 0.24 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.37 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.05 -0.02 0.02 0.29 0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.22 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.25 0.07 0.03 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.14 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.27 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.15 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.10 0.04 0.09 0.19 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.18 0.16 0.05 0.01 0.14 0.11 -0.02 0.03 0.16 0.04 0.02 0.23 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.05 0.18 0.09 0.03 0.15 0.06 -0.01 0.02 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.22 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.26 0.12 0.08 0.27 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.08 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.19 0.05 -0.01 0.04 0.24 0.05 -0.02 0.28 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.25 0.06 -0.02 0.01 0.10 0.03 -0.02 0.04 0.22 0.05 -0.01 0.03 0.21 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.05 0.16 0.08 -0.01 0.05 0.16 0.05 -0.01 0.02 0.10 0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.25 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.08 -0.01 0.02 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.08 0.17 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.05 -0.01 0.03 0.19 0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.19 0.09 0.02 0.17 0.08 -0.01 0.07 0.25 0.06 0.01 0.14 0.06 -0.03 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.08 -0.02 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.18 0.09 -0.01 0.02 0.09 0.04 -0.01 0.05 0.23 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.06 -0.02 0.12 0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.05 0.06 -0.01 0.02 0.22 0.05 -0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.14 0.05 -0.02 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.07 -0.01 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.11 0.07 -0.01 0.04 0.09 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.07 0.06 -0.03 0.03 0.08 0.03 -0.01 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.14 0.06 -0.02 0.03 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.15 0.07 -0.02 0.01 0.07 0.04 -0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 -0.04 0.02 0.08 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.07 -0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 -0.02 0.02 0.11 0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 -0.02 0.01 0.04 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.06 0.04 -0.03 0.01 0.06 0.03 -0.03 0.01 0.05 0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.06 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 -0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 -0.03 0.05 0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.05 0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.04 0.02 -0.05 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.038 0.065 0.208 0.093 Rigidity of the Budget Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2015 to 2019 ISO Country Region Income Income ABW Aruba Caribbean Latin America &High income AFG Afghanistan South Asia Low income High income AGO Angola Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa ALB Albania Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper Low income AND Andorra Europe & Central Asia High income Lower middle inco... ARE Middle East & North United Arab Emirates Africa High income Upper middle inco... ARG Argentina Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income ARM Armenia Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper Region ASM American Samoa Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific ATG Latin America &High Antigua and Barbuda income Caribbean East Asia & Pacific AUS Australia High income East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central A... AUT Austria Europe & Central Asia High income AZE Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper Latin America & Ca... BDI Burundi Low income Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East & Nort... BEL Belgium Europe & Central Asia High income BEN Benin Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa North America BFA Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income South Asia BGD Bangladesh South Asia Lower middle income BGR Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper Sub-Saharan Africa BHR Bahrain High income Middle East & North Africa BHS Bahamas, The Latin America &High income Caribbean BIH Europe & Central Bosnia and Herzegovina Asia middle income Upper BLR Belarus Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper BLZ Belize Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income BMU Bermuda North America High income BOL Bolivia Caribbean Latin America &Lower middle income BRA Brazil Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income BRB Barbados Caribbean Latin America &High income BRN East Asia & Pacific Brunei Darussalam High income BTN Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income BWA Botswana Upper middle income Sub-Saharan Africa CAF Sub-Saharan Africa Central African Republic Low income CAN Canada North America High income CHE Switzerland Europe & Central Asia High income CHI Channel IslandsEurope & Central Asia High income CHL Chile Caribbean Latin America &High income CHN China Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific CIV Côte d'Ivoire Sub-Saharan AfricaLower middle income CMR Cameroon Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa COD Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. Low income COG Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income COL Colombia Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income COM Comoros Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa CPV Cabo Verde Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa CRI Costa Rica Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income CUB Cuba Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income CUW Curaçao Caribbean Latin America &High income CYM Cayman IslandsLatin America &High income Caribbean CYP Cyprus Europe & Central Asia High income CZE Czech Republic Europe & Central Asia High income DEU Germany Europe & Central Asia High income DJI Djibouti Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa DMA Dominica Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income DNK Denmark Europe & Central Asia High income DOM Latin America &Upper Dominican Republic middle income Caribbean DZA Algeria Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa ECU Ecuador Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income EGY Middle East & North Egypt, Arab Rep. Lower middle income Africa ERI Eritrea Low income Sub-Saharan Africa ESP Spain Europe & Central Asia High income EST Estonia Europe & Central Asia High income ETH Ethiopia Low income Sub-Saharan Africa FIN Finland Europe & Central Asia High income FJI Fiji Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific FRA France Europe & Central Asia High income FRO Faroe Islands Europe & Central Asia High income FSM East Micronesia, Fed. Lower middle income Sts.Asia & Pacific GAB Gabon Upper middle income Sub-Saharan Africa GBR United Kingdom Europe & Central Asia High income GEO Georgia Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper GHA Ghana Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa GIB Gibraltar Europe & Central Asia High income GIN Guinea Low income Sub-Saharan Africa GMB Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income GNB Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income GNQ Sub-Saharan Africa Equatorial Guinea Upper middle income GRC Greece Europe & Central Asia High income GRD Grenada Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income GRL Greenland Europe & Central Asia High income GTM Guatemala Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income GUM Guam High income East Asia & Pacific GUY Guyana Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income HKG China Hong Kong SAR,East High income Asia & Pacific HND Honduras Caribbean Latin America &Lower middle income HRV Croatia Europe & Central Asia High income HTI Haiti Caribbean Latin America &Lower middle income HUN Hungary Europe & Central Asia High income IDN Indonesia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific IMN Isle of Man Europe & Central Asia High income IND India South Asia Lower middle income IRL Ireland Europe & Central Asia High income IRN Middle East & North Iran, Islamic Rep. Lower middle income Africa IRQ Iraq Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa ISL Iceland Europe & Central Asia High income ISR Israel High income Middle East & North Africa ITA Italy Europe & Central Asia High income JAM Jamaica Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income JOR Jordan Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa JPN Japan High income East Asia & Pacific KAZ Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper KEN Kenya Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa KGZ Kyrgyz RepublicEurope & Central Asia middle income Lower KHM Cambodia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific KIR Kiribati Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific KNA Latin America &High St. Kitts and Nevis income Caribbean KOR Korea, Rep. High income East Asia & Pacific KWT Kuwait High income Middle East & North Africa LAO Lao PDR Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific LBN Lebanon Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa LBR Liberia Low income Sub-Saharan Africa LBY Libya Upper Middle East & North middle income Africa LCA St. Lucia Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income LIE Liechtenstein Europe & Central Asia High income LKA Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income LSO Lesotho Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa LTU Lithuania Europe & Central Asia High income LUX Luxembourg Europe & Central Asia High income LVA Latvia Europe & Central Asia High income MAC Macao SAR, China High income East Asia & Pacific MAF Latin St. Martin (French America &High part) income Caribbean MAR Morocco Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa MCO Monaco Europe & Central Asia High income MDA Moldova Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper MDG Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income MDV Maldives South Asia Upper middle income MEX Mexico Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income MHL Upper middle income Marshall IslandsEast Asia & Pacific MKD North Macedonia Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper MLI Mali Low income Sub-Saharan Africa MLT Malta High income Middle East & North Africa MMR Myanmar Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific MNE Montenegro Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper MNG Mongolia Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific MNP East Northern Mariana Asia & Pacific Islands High income MOZ Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income MRT Mauritania Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa MUS Mauritius Upper middle income Sub-Saharan Africa MWI Malawi Low income Sub-Saharan Africa MYS Malaysia Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific NAM Namibia Upper middle income Sub-Saharan Africa NCL High income New Caledonia East Asia & Pacific NER Niger Low income Sub-Saharan Africa NGA Nigeria Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa NIC Nicaragua Caribbean Latin America &Lower middle income NLD Netherlands Europe & Central Asia High income NOR Norway Europe & Central Asia High income NPL Nepal South Asia Lower middle income NRU Nauru High income East Asia & Pacific NZL New Zealand East Asia & PacificHigh income OMN Oman High income Middle East & North Africa PAK Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income PAN Panama Caribbean Latin America &High income PER Peru Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income PHL Philippines Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific PLW Palau Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific PNG East Asia & Pacific Papua New Guinea Lower middle income POL Poland Europe & Central Asia High income PRI Puerto Rico Caribbean Latin America &High income PRK East Asia Korea, Dem. People's & Pacific Rep. Low income PRT Portugal Europe & Central Asia High income PRY Paraguay Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income PSE Middle East & North West Bank and Gaza Lower middle income Africa PYF East Asia & Pacific French Polynesia High income QAT Qatar High income Middle East & North Africa ROU Romania Europe & Central Asia High income RUS Europe & Central Russian Federation Asia middle income Upper RWA Rwanda Low income Sub-Saharan Africa SAU High income Saudi Arabia Middle East & North Africa SDN Sudan Low income Sub-Saharan Africa SEN Senegal Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa SGP Singapore High income East Asia & Pacific SLB Solomon Islands Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific SLE Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan AfricaLow income SLV El Salvador Caribbean Latin America &Lower middle income SMR San Marino Europe & Central Asia High income SOM Somalia Low income Sub-Saharan Africa SRB Serbia Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper SSD South Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Low income STP Sub-Saharan Africa São Tomé and Príncipe Lower middle income SUR Suriname Caribbean Latin America &Upper middle income SVK Slovak RepublicEurope & Central Asia High income SVN Slovenia Europe & Central Asia High income SWE Sweden Europe & Central Asia High income SWZ Eswatini Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa SXM Latin part) Sint Maarten (Dutch Caribbean America &High income SYC Seychelles High income Sub-Saharan Africa SYR Middle East & North Syrian Arab Republic Africa Low income TCA Turks and Caicos Islands Latin Caribbean America &High income TCD Chad Low income Sub-Saharan Africa TGO Togo Low income Sub-Saharan Africa THA Thailand Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific TJK Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia middle income Lower TKM Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper TLS Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income TON Tonga Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific TTO Latin America &High Trinidad and Tobago income Caribbean TUN Tunisia Lower Middle East & North middle income Africa TUR Türkiye Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper TUV Tuvalu Upper middle income East Asia & Pacific TWN Taiwan, China East Asia & Pacific High income TZA Tanzania Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa UGA Uganda Low income Sub-Saharan Africa UKR Ukraine Europe & Central Asia middle income Lower URY Uruguay Caribbean Latin America &High income USA United States North America High income UZB Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia middle income Lower VCT Latin St. Vincent and the America &Upper Grenadines middle income Caribbean VEN Venezuela, RB Latin America &Upper middle income Caribbean VGB Latin America &High British Virgin Islands income Caribbean VIR Latin America &High Virgin Islands (U.S.) income Caribbean VNM Vietnam Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific VUT Vanuatu Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific WSM Samoa Lower middle income East Asia & Pacific XKX Kosovo Europe & Central Asia middle income Upper YEM Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Low income ZAF South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income ZMB Zambia Low income Sub-Saharan Africa ZWE Zimbabwe Lower middle income Sub-Saharan Africa Average Backend data *Rigid expenditure: sum of wages, interest payments, and pensions as a ratio to total expenditure. Col.no WEO 65 Goverment Finance Statistics (IMF) Based on the authors' calculation GFS 63 Structural Structural ratio of Rigid expenditure (% expenditure (% of rigid expenditure of total expenditure) total expenditure) 65.7% 42.6% 64.8% 32.2% 20.6% 63.9% 53.9% 59.4% 70.3% 55.2% 78.5% 32.1% 23.3% 72.6% 75.5% 55.6% 73.6% 64.5% 47.6% 73.7% 66.0% 52.8% 80.0% 62.5% 47.5% 76.0% 82.4% 62.7% 76.2% 61.6% 50.3% 81.6% 58.8% 44.5% 75.7% 48.8% 34.2% 70.1% 42.8% 36.1% 84.5% 37.0% 27.7% 74.7% 54.0% 44.5% 82.5% 70.5% 53.5% 75.9% 63.0% 50.7% 80.5% 74.4% 61.4% 82.6% 66.1% 51.8% 78.3% 75.0% 54.0% 72.0% 63.4% 47.6% 75.2% 65.8% 52.1% 79.2% 71.5% 54.1% 75.7% 64.7% 51.8% 80.1% 50.9% 75.7% 54.1% 71.4% 35.4% 48.8% 41.7% 85.4% 64.3% 53.3% 82.9% 57.1% 50.2% 87.9% 43.6% 70.2% 67.6% 96.4% 58.6% 46.5% 79.2% 62.6% 50.5% 80.7% 74.1% 55.9% 75.4% 70.3% 55.9% 79.5% 73.6% 59.5% 80.9% 45.1% 35.7% 79.2% 46.0% 37.4% 81.3% 63.5% 48.0% 75.5% 37.5% 44.6% 34.1% 76.4% 70.8% 62.0% 87.6% 67.8% 48.9% 72.0% 60.9% 49.4% 81.1% 49.3% 24.7% 50.1% 59.2% 52.4% 88.6% 52.6% 41.1% 78.1% 70.9% 52.9% 74.6% 62.2% 56.6% 91.0% 28.3% 22.2% 78.6% 61.6% 44.8% 72.7% 66.2% 51.5% 77.8% 61.4% 46.3% 75.4% 71.8% 57.1% 79.5% 65.3% 47.1% 72.2% 44.5% 32.7% 65.6% 50.7% 77.3% 44.7% 36.5% 81.6% 53.7% 42.9% 80.0% 57.4% 69.2% 60.0% 86.8% 75.0% 60.2% 80.3% 67.7% 45.7% 67.5% 65.2% 51.1% 78.4% 60.1% 43.4% 72.2% 29.3% 23.0% 78.4% 58.4% 42.9% 73.4% 35.6% 29.0% 81.6% 52.6% 63.3% 45.7% 72.3% 64.6% 56.1% 68.3% 52.8% 77.3% 69.3% 54.0% 78.0% 70.6% 59.3% 84.1% 61.0% 50.0% 82.0% 49.1% 45.6% 37.2% 81.6% 24.8% 65.6% 52.4% 79.8% 37.3% 69.6% 55.9% 80.2% 75.2% 58.7% 78.0% 57.2% 42.8% 75.0% 42.2% 32.5% 77.0% 55.3% 38.0% 68.6% 58.2% 47.1% Procyclicality of spending over time and fiscal impulse For Fiscal Impulse Period for average 2010 to 2019 Correlation(G, GDP) ISO Country Procyclicality of spending over 1990-2022 CAF Central African Republic 0.455 Income ECU Ecuador 0.445 NIC Nicaragua 0.674 High income LBY Libya 0.608 CIV Cote d'Ivoire 0.579 Low income UKR Ukraine 0.148 Lower middle income IDN Indonesia 0.468 SDN Sudan 0.160 Upper middle income GHA Ghana 0.199 Region BOL Bolivia 0.264 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.454 EAST ASIA AND PAC... HUN Hungary 0.375 IND India -0.251 EUROPE AND CENT... VEN Venezuela, RB LATIN AMERICA AN... SWZ Eswatini -0.083 MIDDLE EAST AND ... UGA Uganda 0.326 YEM Yemen, Rep. 0.710 NORTH AMERICA MLI Mali 0.242 SOUTH ASIA MOZ Mozambique 0.072 OMN Oman -0.036 SUB-SAHARAN AFRI... UZB Uzbekistan 0.275 ERI Eritrea -0.157 MDG Madagascar 0.634 URY Uruguay 0.584 BFA Burkina Faso 0.317 GAB Gabon 0.555 AGO Angola 0.368 ROU Romania 0.461 TCD Chad -0.166 MNG Mongolia 0.188 BDI Burundi 0.043 BEN Benin 0.107 CZE Czechia -0.240 HRV Croatia 0.339 BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.173 ARG Argentina 0.691 NER Niger 0.205 PAN Panama 0.089 MDA Moldova 0.419 HTI Haiti 0.252 THA Thailand -0.195 POL Poland -0.214 BGD Bangladesh 0.360 NAM Namibia 0.228 COL Colombia 0.473 ZMB Zambia -0.309 ETH Ethiopia 0.519 ISR Israel -0.529 PAK Pakistan 0.479 NGA Nigeria -0.043 TUR Turkiye 0.405 JAM Jamaica 0.162 TZA Tanzania -0.076 JOR Jordan -0.026 MUS Mauritius 0.219 SLE Sierra Leone 0.204 AZE Azerbaijan 0.348 MMR Myanmar 0.338 TGO Togo 0.144 NPL Nepal 0.554 MKD North Macedonia -0.219 SEN Senegal 0.051 CMR Cameroon 0.435 KEN Kenya 0.230 COG Congo, Rep. 0.279 DZA Algeria -0.286 GNB Guinea-Bissau 0.344 PHL Philippines 0.232 MAR Morocco -0.304 EST Estonia 0.111 BGR Bulgaria 0.035 MEX Mexico 0.530 GMB Gambia, The 0.513 ALB Albania 0.355 TJK Tajikistan -0.114 SAU Saudi Arabia -0.077 LKA Sri Lanka 0.418 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.276 LBR Liberia 0.677 HND Honduras 0.155 VNM Vietnam -0.325 PER Peru -0.297 RUS Russian Federation -0.339 LAO Lao PDR -0.054 LBN Lebanon 0.438 SLV El Salvador -0.208 LVA Latvia 0.407 GTM Guatemala -0.080 DOM Dominican Republic -0.285 CHN China -0.277 TUN Tunisia -0.177 LTU Lithuania 0.082 KHM Cambodia -0.091 SVK Slovak Republic -0.139 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 0.014 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 0.373 PNG Papua New Guinea -0.117 RWA Rwanda 0.888 SVN Slovenia -0.239 BLR Belarus 0.324 KWT Kuwait -0.455 LSO Lesotho -0.097 CRI Costa Rica 0.150 GIN Guinea -0.401 MYS Malaysia 0.054 SRB Serbia 0.147 GEO Georgia 0.382 ARE United Arab Emirates -0.387 BWA Botswana 0.148 PRY Paraguay -0.302 ZAF South Africa -0.232 SGP Singapore CHL Chile 0.002 KOR Korea, Rep. -0.055 SSD South Sudan 0.406 ZWE Zimbabwe 0.556 SMR San Marino -0.456 GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.097 IRQ Iraq 0.262 SOM Somalia -0.457 TLS Timor-Leste 0.670 STP Sao Tome and Principe -0.352 NRU Nauru VUT Vanuatu 0.160 SLB Solomon Islands 0.220 SYC Seychelles 0.322 TKM Turkmenistan SUR Suriname 0.541 ATG Antigua and Barbuda 0.291 KIR Kiribati -0.206 MHL Marshall Islands 0.438 DJI Djibouti 0.301 QAT Qatar 0.358 TUV Tuvalu 0.215 DMA Dominica 0.075 KAZ Kazakhstan -0.069 COM Comoros 0.074 KNA St. Kitts and Nevis 0.627 TON Tonga 0.298 MDV Maldives 0.091 CPV Cabo Verde 0.091 AFG Afghanistan 0.524 MNE Montenegro 0.235 GRD Grenada 0.088 ARM Armenia -0.053 ABW Aruba -0.522 BHR Bahrain -0.347 MWI Malawi -0.082 BRB Barbados 0.008 BTN Bhutan -0.135 MAC Macao SAR, China -0.404 PLW Palau BRN Brunei Darussalam -0.158 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.546 WSM Samoa IRL Ireland -0.048 FJI Fiji 0.470 ISL Iceland 0.430 MRT Mauritania 0.237 GUY Guyana 0.327 BLZ Belize -0.027 GRC Greece 0.146 BRA Brazil 0.039 HKG Hong Kong SAR, China -0.321 CYP Cyprus 0.209 AND Andorra BHS Bahamas, The 0.146 VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.045 MLT Malta -0.265 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.184 GBR United Kingdom -0.824 PRT Portugal 0.105 LCA St. Lucia 0.059 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 0.157 LUX Luxembourg -0.586 ESP Spain -0.366 NZL New Zealand -0.481 USA United States -0.738 CAN Canada -0.723 AUS Australia -0.530 JPN Japan -0.470 AUT Austria -0.490 ITA Italy -0.349 DNK Denmark -0.593 BEL Belgium -0.564 FIN Finland -0.690 NLD Netherlands -0.271 DEU Germany -0.195 CHE Switzerland -0.618 PRI Puerto Rico 0.503 NOR Norway -0.601 SWE Sweden -0.315 FRA France -0.481 PSE West Bank and Gaza ASM American Samoa BMU Bermuda VGB British Virgin Islands CYM Cayman Islands CHI Channel Islands CUB Cuba CUW Curacao FRO Faroe Islands PYF French Polynesia GIB Gibraltar GRL Greenland GUM Guam IMN Isle of Man PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. XKX Kosovo LIE Liechtenstein MCO Monaco NCL New Caledonia MNP Northern Mariana Islands SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) MAF St. Martin (French part) TCA Turks and Caicos Islands VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) TWN Taiwan, China Average 0.071 Fiscal impulse is defined as the change in th Procyclicality primary balance (CAPB) from the previous y Correlation(G, GDP) Estimation Fiscal Impulse is considered a positive fiscal impulse stimulate the economy. Fiscal Impulse (avg) - Procyclicality of spending over 2011-2022 Procyclicality deviation Coefficient (b) from zero 0.517 -0.193 0.247 0.760 -0.418 0.018 0.871 -0.222 0.063 0.696 0.310 0.150 0.682 -0.032 0.262 -0.032 -0.173 0.426 -0.398 -0.218 0.074 0.163 -0.186 0.660 0.319 -0.274 0.397 0.262 -0.224 0.741 0.764 -0.146 0.102 0.126 -0.392 -0.091 0.046 0.230 0.164 0.391 0.335 0.365 -0.338 0.335 0.809 -0.121 0.114 0.303 0.019 0.203 0.101 -0.329 0.447 -0.303 -0.719 0.476 0.361 0.269 0.638 -0.486 -0.221 3.291 0.429 -0.223 0.166 0.212 -0.262 0.267 0.378 -0.073 0.103 0.228 -0.694 0.396 0.581 -0.569 0.500 -0.211 -0.326 0.475 0.521 -0.112 0.707 -0.367 -0.062 0.642 0.436 0.010 0.120 -0.170 -0.378 0.176 -0.240 0.038 -0.683 -0.099 0.708 -0.731 -0.323 0.698 0.233 -0.187 0.245 0.182 -0.053 0.045 -0.207 -0.086 0.205 0.328 -0.170 0.348 -0.095 -0.222 0.184 -0.480 0.211 0.340 -0.433 0.016 0.644 0.568 -0.594 0.234 0.140 -0.078 0.529 0.535 -0.119 0.006 -0.452 -0.387 0.814 0.466 -0.171 0.162 -0.836 0.299 0.438 -0.434 0.339 0.371 -0.257 0.025 -0.104 -0.159 0.236 0.207 -0.213 1.149 -0.194 -0.431 0.100 0.026 -0.127 0.329 0.243 -0.386 0.866 -0.201 -0.090 0.149 -0.121 -0.077 0.275 0.224 -0.209 -0.245 -0.069 0.187 0.684 -0.601 0.298 -0.480 0.097 0.041 -0.240 -0.186 0.016 0.547 0.135 0.283 -0.084 -0.398 0.364 0.559 -0.748 0.156 -0.112 -0.004 0.270 -0.140 -0.146 0.681 0.217 -0.098 0.022 -0.638 -0.146 1.133 -0.067 -0.157 -0.096 -0.100 0.007 0.161 -0.134 0.179 0.300 -0.348 0.090 -0.330 -0.217 0.471 -0.005 0.057 0.251 -0.433 0.128 0.036 0.209 -0.206 0.683 -0.197 0.290 -0.390 -0.336 0.425 0.249 -0.024 0.369 -0.485 0.385 0.452 -0.417 0.023 0.037 -0.426 -0.026 0.795 0.085 -0.490 0.045 0.901 -0.359 0.248 -0.415 0.106 0.402 0.193 -0.144 -0.703 0.019 0.103 -0.728 0.025 0.078 -0.037 0.010 0.108 -0.178 0.170 0.013 -0.610 -0.137 -0.101 0.307 0.617 -0.063 -0.146 0.416 -0.006 0.082 0.570 0.023 -0.235 0.039 0.091 -0.178 -0.216 0.831 -0.534 0.154 -0.008 -0.056 0.416 -0.470 1.523 1.103 0.199 -0.457 0.350 -0.204 -0.235 0.338 -0.167 0.196 0.437 0.165 0.019 0.310 -0.333 -0.142 0.378 -0.411 -0.160 0.340 0.075 0.743 0.483 0.421 -0.010 0.819 -0.735 -0.006 0.302 -0.544 0.087 0.066 0.327 0.091 0.173 -0.498 -0.082 0.406 -0.141 0.329 0.574 -0.310 0.117 -0.738 0.157 0.488 -0.653 0.563 0.091 0.268 -0.457 -0.100 0.096 0.588 -3.050 2.255 0.145 -0.392 1.690 -0.191 -0.170 0.712 0.206 -0.242 0.498 -0.764 -0.530 0.613 0.718 -0.567 2.084 0.123 -0.275 -0.119 0.766 1.056 0.585 -0.755 0.102 -0.389 0.230 0.059 -0.169 1.324 0.320 -0.501 -0.192 -0.456 1.400 -0.441 0.684 0.132 -0.277 0.055 0.471 0.772 -0.542 0.182 -0.128 0.376 0.267 -0.018 1.079 0.246 -0.136 0.408 0.792 -0.214 -0.062 -0.030 0.274 0.185 0.009 0.970 -0.442 -0.130 0.680 -0.771 0.157 -0.293 0.061 0.298 -0.582 -0.212 0.108 -0.056 0.090 1.251 -0.084 -0.068 0.117 -0.432 0.104 0.092 1.428 0.411 -0.111 0.880 0.532 0.057 -0.104 0.712 -0.109 -0.124 -0.347 0.305 -0.095 0.283 0.542 -0.284 0.117 -0.289 0.024 0.308 -0.268 -0.291 -0.327 -0.012 0.276 -0.627 0.880 0.342 -0.216 0.155 -0.115 0.094 -0.255 -0.086 0.210 -0.554 0.044 -0.035 -0.094 0.125 -0.963 0.508 -0.199 -0.048 0.041 -0.069 0.065 -0.357 -0.660 0.082 -0.516 -0.160 -0.358 -0.251 -0.744 0.902 -0.923 0.448 -0.835 0.564 -0.833 0.490 -0.882 0.429 -0.417 0.252 -0.657 0.513 -0.781 0.287 -0.668 0.278 -0.787 0.062 -0.635 0.320 -0.906 0.242 0.503 -0.216 -0.751 1.399 -0.711 0.334 -0.476 0.259 1.446 0.460 -0.052 -0.073 0.437 fined as the change in the cyclically-adjusted APB) from the previous year. A decline in the CAPB itive fiscal impulse. The positive one should 3. Redistribution Back (Unit: All in percentile ranks) 9 Weight Economy Code Overall Income group Oman OMN 0.251 High income Togo TGO 0.036 Bhutan BTN 0.100 Low income Syrian Arab Republic SYR 0.455 Lower middle inco... Angola AGO 0.159 Mali MLI 0.106 Upper middle inco... Marshall Islands MHL 0.129 Comoros COM 0.148 Region Congo, Rep. COG 0.529 East Asia & Pacific Algeria DZA 0.601 Guinea GIN 0.096 Europe & Central A... São Tomé and Príncipe STP 0.154 Latin America & Ca... Haiti HTI 0.134 Benin BEN 0.204 Middle East & Nort... Cameroon CMR 0.132 North America Papua New Guinea PNG 0.103 Afghanistan AFG 0.185 South Asia Senegal SEN 0.365 Sub-Saharan Africa Dominica DMA 0.345 South Sudan SSD 0.113 Qatar QAT 0.818 Uganda UGA 0.153 Lao PDR LAO 0.192 Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN 0.402 Madagascar MDG 0.202 Tonga TON 0.197 Malta MLT 0.790 Cambodia KHM 0.217 Gambia, The GMB 0.169 Lebanon LBN 0.309 Niger NER 0.241 Burkina Faso BFA 0.256 Chad TCD 0.275 Tanzania TZA 0.250 Venezuela, RB VEN 0.313 Cyprus CYP 0.212 Mozambique MOZ 0.325 Somalia SOM 0.386 Yemen, Rep. YEM 0.403 Mauritania MRT 0.368 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM 0.596 Nauru NRU Bolivia BOL 0.390 Djibouti DJI 0.372 Iceland ISL 0.446 Tajikistan TJK 0.343 Switzerland CHE 0.418 United Arab Emirates ARE 0.580 Nigeria NGA 0.345 Morocco MAR 0.483 Guatemala GTM 0.435 Pakistan PAK 0.475 Timor-Leste TLS 0.354 Solomon Islands SLB 0.301 Burundi BDI 0.181 Samoa WSM 0.673 Kuwait KWT 0.902 Côte d’Ivoire CIV 0.409 Korea, Rep. KOR 0.482 West Bank and Gaza PSE 0.474 Sudan SDN 0.303 Russian Federation RUS 0.423 Ecuador ECU 0.505 Uruguay URY 0.458 Colombia COL 0.395 Fiji FJI 0.530 Vanuatu VUT 0.356 Tunisia TUN 0.380 China CHN 0.540 Kiribati KIR 0.232 Ethiopia ETH 0.352 Czech Republic CZE 0.592 Vietnam VNM 0.471 Japan JPN 0.537 Zambia ZMB 0.422 Türkiye TUR 0.551 Nicaragua NIC 0.419 Palau PLW 0.555 New Zealand NZL 0.457 Hong Kong SAR, China HKG 0.300 Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY 0.719 Nepal NPL 0.402 Argentina ARG 0.501 Dominican Republic DOM 0.554 Australia AUS 0.516 Botswana BWA 0.534 Myanmar MMR 0.560 India IND 0.433 Peru PER 0.610 Brazil BRA 0.459 Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH 0.583 Poland POL 0.666 Congo, Dem. Rep. COD 0.564 Iraq IRQ 0.553 Brunei Darussalam BRN 0.475 United Kingdom GBR 0.577 Uzbekistan UZB 0.438 Rwanda RWA 0.415 Bahrain BHR 0.993 Ukraine UKR 0.584 Chile CHL 0.646 Austria AUT 0.601 Latvia LVA 0.779 Luxembourg LUX 0.507 El Salvador SLV 0.458 Indonesia IDN 0.409 Slovenia SVN 0.722 Ireland IRL 0.663 Bulgaria BGR 0.616 Jordan JOR 0.579 Israel ISR 0.562 Canada CAN 0.735 Croatia HRV 0.690 Slovak Republic SVK 0.659 Mexico MEX 0.448 Serbia SRB 0.585 Montenegro MNE 0.592 Paraguay PRY 0.447 Netherlands NLD 0.606 Portugal PRT 0.594 Costa Rica CRI 0.712 Panama PAN 0.577 Belize BLZ 0.544 Gabon GAB 0.582 Kazakhstan KAZ 0.477 Armenia ARM 0.558 Sri Lanka LKA 0.636 Mauritius MUS 0.629 Lithuania LTU 0.762 Belarus BLR 0.637 Cabo Verde CPV 0.333 United States USA 0.563 Sierra Leone SLE 0.499 Moldova MDA 0.709 Romania ROU 0.759 Liberia LBR 0.433 Maldives MDV 0.611 Germany DEU 0.720 Estonia EST 0.591 Sweden SWE 0.728 Eswatini SWZ 0.590 Malawi MWI 0.552 Central African Republic CAF 0.636 Jamaica JAM 0.633 North Macedonia MKD 0.323 Bermuda BMU Belgium BEL 0.598 France FRA 0.664 Honduras HND 0.389 Albania ALB 0.547 Greece GRC 0.567 Hungary HUN 0.808 Saudi Arabia SAU 0.605 Guinea-Bissau GNB 0.636 Norway NOR 0.682 Bangladesh BGD 0.556 Italy ITA 0.464 Kenya KEN 0.344 Trinidad and Tobago TTO 0.629 Azerbaijan AZE 0.446 Kyrgyz Republic KGZ 0.634 Kosovo XKX 0.729 Suriname SUR 0.797 Philippines PHL 0.584 Namibia NAM 0.509 Guyana GUY 0.804 Finland FIN 0.787 Zimbabwe ZWE 0.591 Tuvalu TUV 1.000 South Africa ZAF 0.589 Malaysia MYS 0.741 Seychelles SYC 0.441 Spain ESP 0.482 Singapore SGP 0.728 Denmark DNK 0.786 Thailand THA 0.702 Georgia GEO 0.784 Lesotho LSO 0.699 Ghana GHA 0.602 Barbados BRB 0.573 Mongolia MNG 0.613 St. Lucia LCA 0.706 New Caledonia NCL 0.769 Equatorial Guinea GNQ 0.924 San Marino SMR Macao SAR, China MAC 0.000 Average 0.495 TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% (3.a) Income Inequality Difference in Gini before and after fiscal policy SPL Program SPL Program Benefit Poverty Headcount Poverty Gap intervention (only Coverage (Poorest Incidence reduction due to SPL reduction due to SPL latest) quintile) (Poorest 20%) (% of population) (% of population) 0 0 0 0.102 0.153 0.032 0.145 0.136 0.717 0.82 0.185 0.094 0.316 0.333 0.024 0.051 0.111 0.102 0.217 0.085 0.128 0.085 0.064 0.068 0.094 0.076 0.169 0.307 0.572 0.589 0.104 0.282 0.076 0.111 0.282 0 0.042 0.008 0.153 0.179 0.384 0.452 0.088 0.076 0.034 0.042 0.112 0.299 0 0 0.241 0.209 0.128 0.247 0.213 0.322 0.153 0.512 0.393 0.137 0.264 0.017 0.034 0.128 0.016 0.102 0.068 0.068 0.048 0.17 0.29 0.35 0.271 0.08 0 0 0.162 0.17 0.072 0.025 0.17 0.119 0.12 0.384 0.188 0.239 0.306 0.258 0.358 0.213 0.145 0.142 0.58 0.042 0.085 0.059 0.04 0.145 0.239 0.222 0.193 0.23 0.179 0.128 0.185 0.201 0.129 0.205 0.299 0.324 0.298 0.623 0.401 0.367 0.459 0.233 0.162 0.649 0.606 0.085 0.87 0.034 0.35 0.256 0.395 0.598 0.444 0.461 0.514 0.214 0.451 0.854 0.538 0.512 0.414 0.338 0.316 0.273 0.299 0.532 0.171 0.725 0.111 0.153 0.162 0.314 0.324 0.564 0.547 0.419 0.341 0.136 0.264 0.096 0.273 0.145 0.179 0.354 0.649 0.641 0.675 0.403 0.435 0.427 0.495 0.371 0.467 0.427 0.264 0.273 0.25 0.88 0.008 0.025 0.5 0.838 0.572 0.863 0.829 0.257 0.475 0.35 0.589 0.555 0.385 0.919 0.333 0.829 0.786 0.057 0.443 0.196 0.555 0.504 0.411 0.529 0.547 0.521 0.328 0.266 0.94 0.059 0.136 0.3 0.758 0.222 0.777 0.794 0.161 0.555 0.119 0.094 0.346 0.752 0.333 0.316 0.842 0.572 0.247 0.521 0.538 0.728 0.056 0.059 0.051 0.017 0.428 0.604 0.367 0.82 0.811 0.242 0.774 0.188 0.341 0.29 0.427 0.47 0.658 0.666 0.585 0.637 0.452 0.743 0.76 0.483 0.401 0.41 0.358 0.471 0.677 0.376 0.769 0.735 0.1 0.629 0.29 0.487 0.41 0.542 0.285 0.669 0.487 0.683 0.683 0.225 0.461 0.367 0.478 0.114 0.951 0.974 0.47 0.487 0.042 0.887 0.504 0.435 0.418 0.457 0.685 0.256 0.786 0.743 0.548 0.675 0.811 0.803 0.742 0.741 0.658 0.974 0.974 0.177 0.239 0.478 0.529 0.862 0.564 0.666 0.641 0.657 0.33 0.769 0.675 0.726 0.362 0.717 0.307 0.341 0.782 0.803 0.931 0.923 0.314 0.983 0.521 0.752 0.709 0.928 0.557 0.879 0.829 0.897 0.905 0.857 0.071 0.903 0.119 0.282 0.247 0.028 0.564 0.982 0.256 0.282 0.885 0.985 0.528 0.814 0.897 0.888 0.854 0.228 0.806 0.692 0.76 0.769 0.485 0.685 0.871 0.822 0.7 0.94 0.94 0.714 0.959 0.615 0.957 0.931 0.157 0.54 0.444 0.632 0.598 0.75 0.735 0.948 0.957 0.717 0.606 0.923 0.948 0.83 0.418 0.495 0.47 0.642 0.9 0.342 0.846 0.41 0.7 0.692 0.2 0.895 0.495 0.709 0.649 0.435 0.923 0.504 0.564 0.508 0.393 0.393 0.307 0.588 0.581 0.803 0.837 0.4 0.798 0.863 0.914 0.897 0.491 0.547 0.598 0.623 0.516 0.538 0.88 0.863 0.6 0.911 0.957 0.905 0.914 0.614 0.79 0.76 0.991 1 0.37 0.478 0.581 0.581 0.628 0.29 0.777 0.196 0.196 0.701 0.846 0.965 0.982 0.771 0.927 0.589 0.982 0.965 0.274 0.965 0.222 0.205 0.387 0.794 0.452 0.401 0.9 0.7 0.671 0.357 0.967 0.683 0.606 0.615 0.5 0.641 0.23 0.23 0.709 0.213 0.324 0.384 0.957 0.971 0.014 0.62 0.512 0.418 0.435 0.571 0.645 0.743 0.794 0.777 0.942 0.814 0.975 0.82 1 0.991 0.771 0.556 0.888 0.358 0.376 0.828 0.379 0.786 0.205 0.188 0.733 0.871 0.376 0.427 0.661 0.837 0.837 0.888 0.596 0.905 0.735 0.7 0.653 0.726 0.461 0.444 0.524 0.811 0.615 0.632 1 0.612 0.991 0.529 0.658 0.442 0.943 0.914 0.854 0.88 0.991 0.666 0.623 0.572 0.742 0.8 0.935 0.632 0.726 0.752 0.766 0.948 0.846 0.846 0.854 0.931 0.692 0.717 0.693 1 0.025 0.051 1 0.709 0.871 0.871 0.499 0.499 0.499 0.500 4 TRUE TRUE 2 TRUE 50.0% 50.0% 33.3% (3.b) Gender Inequality (3.c Deviation of female public emplyment (% Female to male wage of total) from female ratio in the public labor force (% of Pension as share of Sub total 1 sector total) Sub total 2 total spending 0.251 0.251 0.051 0.006 0.006 0.032 0.237 0.237 0.455 0.232 0.013 0.013 0.072 0.218 0.132 0.175 0.129 0.076 0.293 0.293 0.409 0.081 0.081 0.601 0.601 0.143 0 0 0.154 0.154 0.083 0.4 0.069 0.2345 0.292 0.027 0.027 0.060 0.427 0.125 0.276 0.103 0.241 0.072 0.072 0.199 0.139 0.139 0.345 0.113 0.818 0.818 0.076 0.572 0.041 0.3065 0.215 0.146 0.146 0.271 0.664 0.664 0.080 0.645 0.244 0.4445 0.083 0.426 0.426 0.536 0.536 0.097 0.8 0.118 0.459 0.233 0.018 0.062 0.04 0.306 0.314 0.314 0.244 0.281 0.188 0.2345 0.182 0.7 0.111 0.4055 0.162 0.981 0.02 0.5005 0.183 0.663 0.104 0.3835 0.193 0.554 0.552 0.553 0.127 0.127 0.206 0.239 0.945 0.048 0.4965 0.618 0.153 0.3855 0.422 0.363 0.363 0.459 0.063 0.307 0.185 0.413 0.963 0.963 0.319 0.563 0.503 0.533 0.475 0.167 0.167 0.514 0.054 0.054 0.514 0 0 0.414 0.036 0.615 0.3255 0.18 0.72 0.72 0.307 0.636 0.209 0.4225 0.532 0.384 0.384 0.264 0.772 0.783 0.7775 0.437 0.827 0.272 0.5495 0.290 0.881 0.083 0.482 0.173 0.954 0.16 0.557 0.181 0.181 0.580 0.608 0.608 0.902 0.902 0.440 0.055 0.055 0.821 0.371 0.482 0.482 0.358 0.854 0.559 0.7065 0.291 0.328 0.328 0.720 0.145 0.145 0.077 0.445 0.754 0.496 0.625 0.650 0.736 0.524 0.63 0.013 0.351 0.836 0.545 0.6905 0.449 0.502 0.587 0.587 0.356 0.356 0.346 0.447 0.447 0.570 0.481 0.481 0.232 0.437 0.19 0.174 0.182 0.842 0.109 0.109 0.244 0.470 0.354 0.594 0.474 0.728 0.37 0.37 0 0.046 0.927 0.223 0.575 0.911 0.606 0.79 0.44 0.615 0.513 0.367 0.545 0.846 0.6955 0.565 0.555 0.585 0.09 0.3 0.3 0.648 0.86 0.86 0.413 0.265 0.265 0.718 0.606 0.627 0.762 0.6945 0.334 0.383 1 0.79 0.895 0.542 0.209 0.909 0.559 0.359 0.561 0.181 0.776 0.4785 0.383 0.944 0.944 0.599 0.1 0.1 0.457 0.518 0.412 0.465 0.847 0.585 0.163 0.755 0.459 0.488 0.709 0.405 0.405 0.398 0.818 0.29 0.867 0.5785 0.193 0.356 0.581 0.076 0.3285 1 0.683 0.58 0.58 0.693 0.475 0.475 0.657 0.118 0.93 0.524 0.283 0.625 0.254 0.254 0.475 0.432 0.463 0.279 0.371 0.993 0.993 0.860 0.2 0.2 0.308 0.656 0.172 0.839 0.5055 0.616 0.928 0.045 0.636 0.3405 0.039 0.813 0.336 0.937 0.6365 0.857 0.345 0.23 0.2875 0.129 0.324 0.909 0.398 0.6535 0.77 0.422 0.381 0.381 0.885 0.154 0.985 0.245 0.245 0.27 0.796 0.472 0.734 0.603 0.065 0.651 0.9 0.566 0.733 0.642 0.485 0.671 0.671 0.603 0.685 0.855 0.454 0.657 0.5555 0.295 0.835 0.418 0.888 0.653 0.218 0.474 0.681 0.825 0.753 0.848 0.49 0.538 0.514 0.116 0.799 0.51 0.51 0.372 0.553 0.436 0.678 0.557 0.59 0.642 0.433 0.433 0.577 0.900 0.39 0.39 0.103 0.598 0.936 0.748 0.842 0.706 0.590 0.727 0.727 0.727 0.667 0.607 0.419 0.419 0.400 0.318 0.318 1 0.702 0.309 0.309 0.774 0.027 0.531 0.279 0.552 0.565 0.845 0.713 0.779 0.699 0.89 0.335 0.6125 0.539 0.857 0.5 0.916 0.708 0.347 0.831 0.257 0.503 0.377 0.377 0.628 0.424 0.365 0.445 0.034 0.2395 0.885 0.874 0.409 0.923 0.666 0.231 0.847 0.69 0.692 0.691 0.5 0.417 0.59 0.342 0.466 0.509 0.372 0.965 0.6685 0.834 0.900 0.622 0.622 0.167 0.700 0.227 0.951 0.589 0.671 1 1 0.321 0.646 0.609 0.349 0.479 0.400 0.272 0.097 0.1845 1 0.09 0.09 1 0.408 0.895 0.895 0.731 0.454 0.454 0.957 0.3 0.685 0.4925 0.026 0.971 0.236 0.881 0.5585 0.142 0.400 0.745 0.958 0.8515 0.706 0.709 0.489 0.599 0.385 0.942 0.527 0.461 0.494 0.052 0.920 0.672 0.853 0.7625 0.436 0.783 0.09 0.09 1 0.771 0.263 0.979 0.621 0.526 0.545 0.872 0.286 0.579 0.828 0.136 0.136 0.390 0.781 0.202 0.4915 0.629 0.629 0.602 0.009 0.258 0.1335 0.808 0.806 0.811 0.811 0.462 0.734 0.718 0.718 0.797 0.797 0.571 0.99 0.874 0.932 0.68 0.646 0.818 0.391 0.6045 0.804 0.804 1.000 0.363 0.986 0.6745 0.411 0.698 0.972 0.216 0.594 0.744 0.807 0.509 0.699 0.604 0.629 0.713 0.741 0.741 0.757 0.654 0.742 0.327 0.65 0.4885 0.321 0.321 1 0.800 0.6 0.972 0.786 0.859 0.761 0.863 0.517 0.69 0.872 0.852 0.654 0.643 0.6485 0.799 0.918 0.468 0.693 0.795 0.442 0.809 0.195 0.502 0.898 0.573 0.573 0.863 0.763 0.832 0.7975 0.706 0.706 0.769 0.769 0.924 0.520 0.500 0.500 0.481 0.503 TRUE TRUE 3 33.3% 33.3% (3.c) Intergen Inequality Ratio of pension to The share of education spending, structural controlling for components demographics Sub total 3 0.986 0.986 0.736 0.736 0.96 0.96 0.171 0.427 0.268 0.618 0.618 0.578 0.694 0.484 0.486 0.486 0.842 0.842 0.868 0.12 0.603 0.631 0.631 0.342 0.214 0.211 0.16 0.0865 0.223 0.094 0.255333333 0.881 0.614 0.579666667 0.684 0.494 0.392666667 0.734 0.8225 0.71 0.08 0.434333333 0.04 0.3025 0.368 0.4 0.286 0.24 0.479 0.134 0.234 0.547 0.453 0.539 0.539 0.986 0.894 0.909 0.105 0.28 0.291 0.671 0.5345 0.934 0.44 0.522333333 1 1 0.027 0.36 0.605 0.627 0.505 0.407 0.054 0.312 0.421 0.421 0.473 0.64 0.473666667 0.723 0.84 0.726333333 0.644 0.334 0.339 0.828 0.828 0.328 0.107 0.188 0.026 0.72 0.505333333 0.907 0.454 0.505 0.973 0.294 0.512333333 0.552 0.534 0.383666667 0.5 0 0.380666667 0.697 0.48 0.593333333 0.802 0.802 0.789 0.6 0.561333333 0.763 0.307 0.429333333 0.21 0.21 0.315 0.414 0.281666667 0.372 0.039 0.067 0.232 0.592 0.854 0.674333333 0.302 0.56 0.321666667 0.75 0.88 0.778666667 0.254 0.4605 1 1 0.289 0.289 0.36 0.456 0.394 0.707 0.546666667 0.921 0.747 0.671666667 0.355 0.52 0.377333333 0.078 0.078 0.434 0.574 0.477333333 0.814 0.8495 0.855 0.467 0.517666667 0.894 0.667 0.687 0.587 0.7105 0.815 0.654 0.545333333 0.447 0.447 0.776 0.774 0.623666667 1 1 1 1 0.787 0.759 0.236 0.236 0.276 0.267 0.189666667 0.513 0.32 0.325 0.065 0.065 0.013 0.507 0.301666667 0.092 0.2 0.114666667 0.947 0.68 0.687666667 0.657 0.374 0.604666667 1 1 0.46 0.827 0.604333333 0.197 0.197 0.184 0.184 0.144 0.387 0.446333333 0.381 0.014 0.285666667 0.25 0.174 0.368 0.263 0.263 0.565 0.76 0.578666667 0.147 0.4455 1 1 0.052 0.187 0.289333333 0.8 0.7785 0.227 0.4405 0.131 0.131 1 1 0.526 0.92 0.768333333 0.118 0.907 0.632333333 0.347 0.571 0.867 0.8825 0.157 0.157 0.924 0 0 0.499 0.509 0.511 Income Inequality Back Gini Coefficient before and after Fields in orange are for the user to edit Gini Coefficient fiscal policy intervention Income share held by lowest & highest 10% ASPIRE indicators of SPL system performance (Post Transfer - No Adjustments) Choose a year -> Latest Data Source: WDI Data Source: OECD and CEQ Data Source: WDI Data Source: ASPIRE indicators, World Bank Difference in Gini before and after Gini coefficient fiscal policy SPL Program SPL Program Benefit Poverty Headcount Poverty Gap intervention (only A. Income share B. Income share Coverage (Poorest Incidence reduction due to SPL reduction due to SPL ISO Country Year Latest Year latest) Year held by lowest 10% held by highest 10% Ratio (B/A) Year2 quintile) (Poorest 20%) (% of population) (% of population) ZAF South Africa 2014 63 2017 0.091 2014 0.9 50.5 56.11 2014 96.17 18.54 46.74 74.16 Income Definitions of ASPIRE indicators: NAM Namibia 2015 59.1 2015 1 47.3 47.30 2015 51.72 15.32 17.39 35.70 SUR Suriname 1999 57.9 • Coverage High income ZMB Zambia 2015 57.1 2015 1 44.4 44.40 2015 0.82 0.47 0.24 0.06 Percentage of population participating in Social Protection and Labor programs (includes direct and indirect Low income CAF Central African Republic 2008 56.2 2008 1.2 46.2 38.50 2008 beneficiaries). The indicator is reported for the entire population and for the poorest quintile of the post- SWZ Eswatini 2016 54.6 2017 0.066129207 2016 1.4 42.7 30.50 2016 96.86 11.85 17.22 33.24 transfer welfare distribution. Specifically the indicator is computed as (Number of individuals in the quintile who Lower middle inco... live in a household where at least one member receives the transfer)/(Number of individuals in that quintile). COL Colombia 2020 54.2 2014 0.009030688 2020 0.7 42.2 60.29 2019 43.43 2.49 11.97 18.58 Upper middle inco... MOZ Mozambique 2014 54 2014 1.6 45.5 28.44 2014 3.18 2.58 3.96 9.33 • Benefit Incidence Region BLZ Belize 1999 53.3 1999 0.9 42.4 47.11 2009 42.06 18.94 10.71 28.10 Percentage of benefits going to the poorest quintile of the post-transfer welfare distribution relative to the total BWA Botswana 2015 53.3 2010 0.033743765 2015 1.5 41.5 27.67 2015 65.57 7.90 24.43 40.31 benefits going to the population. Specifically, benefit incidence is (Sum of all transfers received by all individuals East Asia & Pacific AGO Angola 2018 51.3 2018 1.3 39.6 30.46 2018 6.57 0.87 4.87 9.71 in the quintile)/(Sum of all transfers received by all individuals in the population). The indicator includes both LCA St. Lucia 2016 51.2 2016 0.9 38.6 42.89 Europe & Central ... direct and indirect beneficiaries. ZWE Zimbabwe 2019 50.3 2017 2.5 34.8 13.92 2019 58.96 37.55 11.29 37.79 Latin America & C... PAN Panama 2019 49.8 2016 0.02077927 2019 1.2 38 31.67 2019 90.68 7.95 25.97 37.46 • Gini Inequality reduction CRI Costa Rica 2020 49.3 2021 0.064 2020 1.4 37 26.43 2019 88.92 6.01 25.68 40.44 Middle East & Nor... Gini inequality index reduction due to SPL programs as % of pre-transfer Gini index. BRA Brazil 2020 48.9 2016 0.101 2020 1.6 39.4 24.63 2019 67.19 3.82 37.62 50.25 Gini inequality reduction is estimated as (Inequality pre transfer- inequality post transfer) / inequality pre North America COG Congo, Rep. 2011 48.9 2011 1.6 37.9 23.69 2005 4.89 4.62 13.01 29.92 transfer GTM Guatemala 2014 48.3 2014 0.015002552 2014 1.7 38.1 22.41 2014 72.20 0.99 1.41 2.24 *Numbers in brackets and red represents increase in inequality due to all SP transfers South Asia HND Honduras 2019 48.2 2011 0.004401827 2019 1.2 34.6 28.83 2017 59.07 8.26 8.25 16.14 BFA Burkina Faso 2018 47.3 2014 0.0137 2018 2.3 37.5 16.30 2018 55.50 0.25 0.63 0.82 Sub-Saharan Africa ECU Ecuador 2020 47.3 2012 0.029585352 2020 1.3 36 27.69 2019 49.03 5.38 15.94 25.47 CMR Cameroon 2014 46.6 2014 1.7 35 20.59 2014 1.05 0.72 0.12 0.42 NIC Nicaragua 2014 46.2 2009 0.024419608 2014 2 37.2 18.60 2014 76.69 2.47 5.29 7.36 JAM Jamaica 2004 45.5 2004 2.1 35.8 17.05 2017 71.56 2.99 4.91 13.35 MEX Mexico 2020 45.4 2020 0.015 2020 1.8 35.5 19.72 2018 52.63 6.97 19.77 31.25 COM Comoros 2014 45.3 2014 1.6 33.7 21.06 2004 0.89 0.62 0.66 0.85 GUY Guyana 1998 45.1 1998 1.1 34.4 31.27 CHL Chile 2020 44.9 2017 0.035 2020 2.1 35.8 17.05 2017 97.66 8.36 31.00 44.88 LSO Lesotho 2017 44.9 2017 1.7 32.9 19.35 2017 89.40 19.04 25.42 48.34 VEN Venezuela, RB 2006 44.8 2013 0.018483177 2006 1.2 33.2 27.67 2006 9.14 SSD South Sudan 2016 44.1 2009 1.3 33.2 25.54 2009 3.37 3.91 0.06 0.09 PER Peru 2020 43.8 2011 0.008889251 2020 1.7 32.9 19.35 2019 90.41 8.06 8.72 15.58 RWA Rwanda 2016 43.7 2016 2.4 35.6 14.83 2013 32.43 12.71 4.75 10.01 BOL Bolivia 2020 43.6 2015 0.010758892 2020 1.5 32.6 21.73 2019 89.66 0.23 5.69 5.32 GHA Ghana 2016 43.5 2016 1.6 32.2 20.13 2016 67.43 57.59 0.10 0.57 PRY Paraguay 2020 43.5 2020 2 33.3 16.65 2019 88.20 6.49 10.68 18.23 UGA Uganda 2019 42.7 2017 0.013697101 2019 2.4 34.5 14.38 2016 0.48 0.96 0.52 0.85 MDG Madagascar 2012 42.6 2012 2.2 33.5 15.23 2010 1.03 CPV Cabo Verde 2015 42.4 2015 2.2 32.3 14.68 2007 33.83 7.59 14.50 28.31 TGO Togo 2018 42.4 2015 0.000218721 2018 2.3 32.9 14.30 2011 0.00 0.00 0.70 2.10 ARG Argentina 2020 42.3 2017 0.101275389 2020 1.7 30.3 17.82 2019 66.55 5.61 34.63 50.10 PHL Philippines 2018 42.3 2018 2.5 33.5 13.40 2015 63.36 12.91 9.68 16.33 COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 2012 42.1 2012 2.1 32 15.24 2012 5.48 3.45 10.03 20.91 PNG Papua New Guinea2009 41.9 2009 1.9 31 16.32 2009 2.10 4.47 0.00 0.03 TUR Türkiye 2019 41.9 2019 0.087 2019 2 31.6 15.80 2019 57.73 5.54 42.92 63.08 DJI Djibouti 2017 41.6 2017 1.9 32.3 17.00 2012 35.65 10.28 9.10 17.70 USA United States 2019 41.5 2021 0.142 2019 1.8 30.8 17.11 HTI Haiti 2012 41.1 2012 2.1 31.2 14.86 2012 21.53 0.00 0.14 0.05 MYS Malaysia 2015 41.1 2015 2.3 31.3 13.61 2016 97.68 11.77 17.56 28.15 IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. 2019 40.9 2012 0.029655465 2019 2.3 31.7 13.78 KEN Kenya 2015 40.8 2015 2.4 31.6 13.17 2015 34.68 14.62 1.97 3.64 TKM Turkmenistan 1998 40.8 1998 2.4 31.5 13.13 STP São Tomé and Príncipe2017 40.7 2017 2.6 32.9 12.65 TZA Tanzania 2018 40.5 2018 2.9 33.1 11.41 2014 8.98 3.14 1.52 1.70 BGR Bulgaria 2019 40.3 2019 0.121 2019 1.9 31.4 16.53 2007 86.93 18.18 51.14 72.23 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 1992 40.3 1992 2.1 29.9 14.24 URY Uruguay 2020 40.2 2009 0.077048561 2020 2.2 29.9 13.59 2019 93.38 5.24 44.10 61.32 FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts.2013 40.1 2013 1.9 29.7 15.63 2000 11.94 1.80 21.43 31.87 DOM Dominican Republic 2020 39.6 2007 0.01248096 2020 2.4 30.5 12.71 2019 59.23 4.20 10.63 14.98 MAR Morocco 2013 39.5 2013 2.7 31.9 11.81 2009 52.47 LKA Sri Lanka 2016 39.3 2016 3 32.6 10.87 2016 49.44 8.66 17.02 33.97 TUV Tuvalu 2010 39.1 2010 2.7 30.8 11.41 SLV El Salvador 2019 38.8 2017 0.009964279 2019 2.4 29.8 12.42 2019 91.04 1.16 3.84 5.32 LAO Lao PDR 2018 38.8 2018 3 31.2 10.40 2018 0.76 2.05 3.88 12.69 WSM Samoa 2013 38.7 2013 2.7 31.3 11.59 2008 31.81 11.02 21.20 39.81 BDI Burundi 2013 38.6 2013 2.8 31 11.07 ISR Israel 2018 38.6 2019 0.107 2018 1.9 27.6 14.53 MWI Malawi 2019 38.5 2019 2.9 31 10.69 2016 49.60 10.99 2.15 5.05 CHN China 2019 38.2 2011 0.034 2019 2.8 29.5 10.54 2013 75.00 3.00 37.32 61.99 SEN Senegal 2018 38.1 2018 3 30.5 10.17 2011 9.34 1.16 2.71 4.67 GAB Gabon 2017 38 2017 2.2 27.7 12.59 2017 50.15 5.80 7.16 8.51 IDN Indonesia 2021 37.9 2012 0.004516206 2021 2.9 30.1 10.38 2019 54.40 28.87 2.83 5.86 BEN Benin 2018 37.8 2018 2.9 29.9 10.31 2003 3.60 2.47 6.69 17.50 TON Tonga 2015 37.6 2015 2.8 29.7 10.61 2009 0.00 0.00 1.45 3.27 TCD Chad 2018 37.5 2018 2.9 29.7 10.24 2011 0.73 1.58 2.52 4.70 SYR Syrian Arab Republic 2003 37.5 2003 3 29.9 9.97 2003 3.57 1.51 26.69 63.33 BTN Bhutan 2017 37.4 2017 2.7 27.9 10.33 2017 0.58 NER Niger 2018 37.3 2018 3.2 31.1 9.72 2014 15.52 5.52 2.04 1.76 CIV Côte d'Ivoire 2018 37.2 2018 2.9 29 10.00 2015 39.45 6.63 8.30 18.50 SLB Solomon Islands 2012 37.1 2012 2.8 29.2 10.43 2005 1.11 4.02 1.18 3.58 MUS Mauritius 2017 36.8 2017 2.9 29.9 10.31 2017 51.42 8.61 49.42 72.46 MNE Montenegro 2018 36.8 2018 1.8 26 14.44 2014 71.72 10.48 52.75 81.71 SOM Somalia 2017 36.8 YEM Yemen, Rep. 2014 36.7 2014 3 29.4 9.80 2005 23.25 10.70 7.27 13.30 MLI Mali 2018 36.1 2018 3.1 28.2 9.10 2009 0.56 0.40 0.85 1.20 RUS Russian Federation2020 36 2017 0.117 2020 3.1 29 9.35 2017 88.78 9.57 47.68 65.77 GMB Gambia, The 2015 35.9 2015 3 28.7 9.57 2015 3.16 5.62 1.53 5.07 IND India 2019 35.7 2011 0.013 2019 3.4 30.6 9.00 2011 96.43 22.33 9.75 18.50 SLE Sierra Leone 2018 35.7 2018 3.4 29.4 8.65 2018 22.22 14.35 1.72 3.87 VNM Vietnam 2018 35.7 2018 2.5 27.5 11.00 2014 54.48 3.68 11.08 21.35 MHL Marshall Islands 2019 35.5 2019 2.8 27.5 9.82 1999 10.25 0.77 0.92 0.96 LBR Liberia 2016 35.3 2016 2.9 27.1 9.34 2016 21.35 21.02 2.07 4.20 LTU Lithuania 2019 35.3 2019 0.138 2019 2.6 27.5 10.58 2008 91.89 20.17 51.33 78.63 UZB Uzbekistan 2003 35.3 2003 2.9 28.3 9.76 2018 26.92 14.25 24.38 49.67 ITA Italy 2018 35.2 2018 0.181 2018 1.9 25.9 13.63 NGA Nigeria 2018 35.1 2018 2.9 26.7 9.21 2018 28.13 4.70 3.39 7.63 GBR United Kingdom 2017 35.1 2020 0.152 2017 2.6 26.7 10.27 ETH Ethiopia 2015 35 2015 2.9 28.5 9.83 2018 30.10 13.84 5.08 9.09 THA Thailand 2020 35 2020 3.2 27 8.44 2019 95.30 10.94 27.70 50.54 GNB Guinea-Bissau 2018 34.8 2018 3.3 27.6 8.36 NRU Nauru 2012 34.8 2012 3 27.3 9.10 ROU Romania 2019 34.8 2019 0.173 2019 1.7 24.5 14.41 2016 93.51 10.17 61.20 84.61 GEO Georgia 2020 34.5 2020 2.7 26.2 9.70 2018 75.75 20.05 46.50 70.08 LVA Latvia 2019 34.5 2020 0.128 2019 2.6 26.6 10.23 2009 89.89 15.39 51.25 76.51 SRB Serbia 2019 34.5 2019 2.1 26 12.38 2015 73.82 13.38 57.97 82.42 AUS Australia 2018 34.3 2020 0.123 2018 2.7 26.6 9.85 ESP Spain 2019 34.3 2019 0.171 2019 2 24.9 12.45 LUX Luxembourg 2019 34.2 2019 0.185 2019 2.8 25.8 9.21 SDN Sudan 2014 34.2 2014 3.2 27.8 8.69 2009 13.10 17.98 0.00 0.07 TJK Tajikistan 2015 34 2015 0.022050637 2015 3 26.4 8.80 2011 45.79 16.97 11.60 20.50 JOR Jordan 2010 33.7 2011 0.022163371 2010 3.5 27.5 7.86 2010 85.13 12.17 33.97 56.85 PSE West Bank and Gaza 2016 33.7 2016 2.9 25.2 8.69 2016 47.70 6.54 3.29 5.72 CAN Canada 2017 33.3 2020 0.158 2017 2.7 25.3 9.37 GRC Greece 2019 33.1 2019 0.217 2019 2.5 24.9 9.96 CHE Switzerland 2018 33.1 2019 0.086 2018 2.9 25.8 8.90 BIH 2011 Bosnia and Herzegovina 33 2011 2.9 25.1 8.66 2015 52.65 11.78 42.54 62.17 MKD North Macedonia 2018 33 2018 2 23 11.50 JPN Japan 2013 32.9 2018 0.167 2013 2.9 26.4 9.10 NPL Nepal 2010 32.8 2010 3.5 26.4 7.54 2010 49.07 5.92 7.58 13.28 PRT Portugal 2019 32.8 2019 0.201 2019 2.8 26 9.29 TUN Tunisia 2015 32.8 2014 0.060300395 2015 3.2 25.6 8.00 2010 19.81 19.76 0.27 1.73 MNG Mongolia 2018 32.7 2018 3.3 25.7 7.79 2016 98.69 12.50 48.18 73.31 MRT Mauritania 2014 32.6 2014 3 24.9 8.30 2014 47.46 BGD Bangladesh 2016 32.4 2016 3.7 26.8 7.24 2016 53.14 18.02 5.92 13.33 FRA France 2018 32.4 2019 0.227 2018 3.2 26.7 8.34 VUT Vanuatu 2019 32.3 2019 3 24.7 8.23 SYC Seychelles 2018 32.1 2018 2.6 23.9 9.19 LBN Lebanon 2011 31.8 2011 3.1 24.8 8.00 2004 25.47 DEU Germany 2018 31.7 2019 0.201 2018 3.1 25.1 8.10 EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. 2017 31.5 2017 3.8 26.9 7.08 2008 60.29 7.17 29.46 52.13 KOR Korea, Rep. 2016 31.4 2020 0.074 2016 2.8 24 8.57 CYP Cyprus 2019 31.2 2019 3.5 25.5 7.29 MLT Malta 2019 31 2019 3.1 24.8 8.00 ALB Albania 2019 30.8 2015 0.129 2019 3.4 23.8 7.00 2012 60.59 13.46 38.20 60.96 EST Estonia 2019 30.8 2019 0.16 2019 3 23.3 7.77 FJI Fiji 2019 30.7 2019 3.5 24.2 6.91 2013 41.13 8.41 11.83 20.62 MMR Myanmar 2017 30.7 2017 3.8 25.5 6.71 2017 11.64 7.34 5.98 18.31 IRL Ireland 2018 30.6 2018 0.228 2018 3.6 25.1 6.97 AUT Austria 2019 30.2 2019 0.212 2019 2.9 23.2 8.00 POL Poland 2018 30.2 2018 0.171 2018 3.2 24 7.50 2015 73.35 11.25 59.15 84.93 HUN Hungary 2019 30 2019 0.177 2019 3.1 23.3 7.52 2007 97.34 15.36 64.81 86.66 GIN Guinea 2018 29.6 2018 3.5 23.1 6.60 2012 2.03 4.10 0.54 1.20 PAK Pakistan 2018 29.6 2018 4.2 25.5 6.07 2018 25.81 4.78 12.46 25.22 IRQ Iraq 2012 29.5 2012 3.7 23.7 6.41 2012 89.45 9.13 22.61 35.71 MDV Maldives 2019 29.3 2019 3.8 23.3 6.13 2016 34.88 14.66 9.66 14.38 SWE Sweden 2019 29.3 2020 0.157 2019 2.9 22.7 7.83 NLD Netherlands 2019 29.2 2020 0.149 2019 3.4 23.9 7.03 XKX Kosovo 2017 29 2017 3.8 24.6 6.47 2013 57.00 18.48 28.93 42.95 KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 2020 29 2020 4 24 6.00 2013 63.50 15.54 44.57 74.92 HRV Croatia 2019 28.9 2014 0.188 2019 3 22.2 7.40 2014 87.68 12.44 56.45 79.59 TLS Timor-Leste 2014 28.7 2014 4 24 6.00 2011 41.40 5.28 1.00 5.69 KAZ Kazakhstan 2018 27.8 2018 4.3 23.4 5.44 2017 56.11 10.09 42.23 67.76 KIR Kiribati 2019 27.8 2019 4 22.9 5.73 2006 4.84 8.85 0.91 1.20 DNK Denmark 2019 27.7 2019 0.177 2019 3.8 23.5 6.18 FIN Finland 2019 27.7 2020 0.251 2019 3.8 23 6.05 NOR Norway 2019 27.7 2020 0.173 2019 3.4 22.4 6.59 DZA Algeria 2011 27.6 2011 4 22.9 5.73 BEL Belgium 2019 27.2 2019 0.227 2019 3.6 22.3 6.19 AZE Azerbaijan 2005 26.6 2005 4.8 24.2 5.04 2015 72.31 17.27 6.42 16.09 ISL Iceland 2017 26.1 2017 0.119 2017 4 22.1 5.53 MDA Moldova 2019 26 2019 4.3 22 5.12 2018 71.03 15.91 59.10 85.39 ARE United Arab Emirates 2018 26 2018 4 20 5.00 UKR Ukraine 2020 25.6 2020 4.3 21.8 5.07 2018 77.36 14.77 53.75 78.90 CZE Czech Republic 2019 25.3 2019 0.184 2019 4.2 21.5 5.12 ARM Armenia 2020 25.2 2011 0.085178167 2020 4.4 21.5 4.89 2018 77.52 17.17 51.53 76.30 BLR Belarus 2020 24.4 2015 0.14 2020 4.4 20.7 4.70 2019 77.42 13.96 62.95 87.08 SVN Slovenia 2019 24.4 2019 0.198 2019 4.2 20.7 4.93 SVK Slovak Republic 2019 23.2 2019 0.161 2019 3.6 18.8 5.22 2009 96.76 10.50 58.31 78.99 AFG Afghanistan 2011 12.47 ASM American Samoa AND Andorra ATG Antigua and Barbuda ABW Aruba BHS Bahamas, The BHR Bahrain BRB Barbados BMU Bermuda VGB British Virgin Islands BRN Brunei Darussalam KHM Cambodia 2013 0.92 0.10 1.48 1.40 CYM Cayman Islands CHI Channel Islands CUB Cuba CUW Curaçao DMA Dominica 2002 26.05 1.71 10.90 13.48 GNQ Equatorial Guinea ERI Eritrea FRO Faroe Islands PYF French Polynesia GIB Gibraltar GRL Greenland GRD Grenada GUM Guam HKG Hong Kong SAR, China IMN Isle of Man PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. KWT Kuwait LBY Libya LIE Liechtenstein MAC Macao SAR, China MCO Monaco NCL New Caledonia NZL New Zealand 2020 0.134 MNP Northern Mariana Islands OMN Oman PLW Palau 2006 41.51 7.41 22.58 39.51 PRI Puerto Rico QAT Qatar SMR San Marino SAU Saudi Arabia SGP Singapore SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) KNA St. Kitts and Nevis MAF St. Martin (French part) VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines TCA Turks and Caicos Islands VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) Average 37.581 2016.577 0.106 #DIV/0! 2.672 29.337 13.576 2013.389 47.038 9.367 18.941 Gender Inequality Back To the Data Fields in orange are for the user to edit Choose a year -> Latest 1. Female to male wage ratio in the public sector-Worldwide Bureaucracy Database Female to male wage ratio in the public Country ISO Year sector Yemen YEM Income Afghanistan AFG 2013 66.1% High income Iraq IRQ Saudi Arabia SAU Low income Pakistan PAK 2014 97.7% Lower middle inco... Somalia SOM 2013 86.7% Qatar QAT Upper middle inco... Chad TCD 2011 111.4% (blank) Oman OMN United Arab Emirates ARE Region Maldives MDV 2016 80.2% Jordan JOR 2016 101.4% East Asia & Pacific Algeria DZA Europe & Central ... Palestine PSE 2017 99.5% Bahrain BHR Latin America & Ca... Syrian Arab Republic SYR Middle East & Nort... Morocco MAR Iran IRN North America Sudan SDN South Asia Egypt EGY Niger NER 2011 76.6% Sub-Saharan Africa Kuwait KWT Mauritania MRT 2014 65.2% Bangladesh BGD 2015 100.7% Guinea GIN Bhutan BTN India IND 2011 68.4% Liberia LBR 2014 85.9% Tunisia TUN Congo COG 2011 66.4% Central African Republic CAF 2008 67.6% Sierra Leone SLE 2015 81.6% Timor-Leste TLS 2010 101.0% Lebanon LBN Mozambique MOZ 2012 106.8% Fiji FJI Togo TGO Nepal NPL Turkey TUR 2010 94.0% Sri Lanka LKA 2016 99.3% Benin BEN DR Congo COD 2012 85.8% Papua New Guinea PNG Comoros COM Gambia GMB 2015 56.6% Mali MLI 2010 74.9% Libya LBY South Sudan SSD Indonesia IDN 2018 80.3% Cote d’Ivoire CIV Guatemala GTM 2017 93.3% Tajikistan TJK 2013 54.8% Lao PDR LAO Angola AGO Philippines PHL 2014 116.5% Malaysia MYS Samoa WSM Turkmenistan TKM Cameroon CMR 2010 81.3% Nigeria NGA 2010 88.0% Japan JPN Haiti HTI 2001 80.8% Sao Tome and Principe STP 2010 72.5% Ecuador ECU 2017 92.7% Honduras HND 2019 92.6% Ghana GHA 2012 94.7% Senegal SEN Zambia ZMB 2014 106.2% Solomon Islands SLB 2005 108.3% Nicaragua NIC 2012 84.5% Gabon GAB 2005 77.1% Uzbekistan UZB 2003 76.2% Myanmar MMR Kyrgyzstan KGZ Brunei Darussalam BRN Zimbabwe ZWE 2017 110.6% Djibouti DJI Suriname SUR Tonga TON Burkina Faso BFA 2014 91.2% Vanuatu VUT Belize BLZ El Salvador SLV 2017 102.7% Equatorial Guinea GNQ Singapore SGP Burundi BDI Guam GUM Guyana GUY Korea KOR Uganda UGA 2005 85.6% Tanzania TZA 2014 89.0% Rwanda RWA 2016 82.1% Cambodia KHM 2012 94.5% Mexico MEX 2019 89.1% Costa Rica CRI 2017 106.4% China CHN 2013 83.0% Lesotho LSO 2018 105.2% Paraguay PRY 2017 81.4% Bolivia BOL 2017 85.1% French Polynesia PYF Mauritius MUS 2003 101.2% Peru PER 2017 83.8% Ethiopia ETH 2016 73.9% Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Thailand THA 2011 100.2% Austria AUT 2018 64.5% Malawi MWI 2016 76.4% Switzerland CHE 2018 62.1% Venezuela VEN 2003 84.6% Mongolia MNG 2014 93.2% New Caledonia NCL Dominican Republic DOM 2015 128.9% Germany DEU Italy ITA 2018 71.4% Colombia COL 2017 98.9% Netherlands NLD South Africa ZAF 2019 83.7% Madagascar MDG 2012 88.1% North Macedonia MKD Kazakhstan KAZ 2013 77.0% Australia AUS 2015 74.7% Malta MLT 2018 84.4% Kenya KEN 2015 93.8% Argentina ARG 2018 86.7% Azerbaijan AZE 2015 55.6% Cuba CUB VCT Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Cabo Verde CPV Swaziland SWZ 2016 86.5% Greece GRC 2018 84.3% Hong Kong HKG Czech Republic CZE 2018 68.7% Israel ISR Trinidad and Tobago TTO Chile CHL 2015 72.7% Norway NOR 2017 76.2% United Kingdom GBR 2016 70.3% Canada CAN Brazil BRA 2017 72.6% Uruguay URY 2017 92.0% New Zealand NZL Cyprus CYP 2018 70.5% Luxembourg LUX 2018 77.3% Ireland IRL 2017 75.8% Puerto Rico PRI Eritrea ERI USA USA Panama PAN 2018 92.0% Albania ALB 2012 91.5% Poland POL 2017 76.7% Spain ESP 2018 77.1% Botswana BWA 2015 73.7% Russian Federation RUS 2016 72.4% Namibia NAM 2015 95.3% Armenia ARM 2016 61.2% Romania ROU 2018 89.2% Georgia GEO 2013 88.5% Iceland ISL 2013 64.8% Montenegro MNE Jamaica JAM Serbia SRB 2018 83.1% Guinea-Bissau GNB Croatia HRV 2018 81.7% France FRA 2018 75.8% Belgium BEL 2018 76.7% Slovakia SVK 2017 81.1% Denmark DNK 2018 86.1% Viet Nam VNM 2016 78.1% Bahamas BHS Hungary HUN 2018 89.0% Ukraine UKR 2013 74.6% Saint Lucia LCA Barbados BRB Sweden SWE Bulgaria BGR 2018 82.9% Belarus BLR Lithuania LTU 2018 83.3% Slovenia SVN Finland FIN 2018 79.1% Latvia LVA 2018 77.2% Portugal PRT 2018 80.6% Estonia EST 2018 75.3% Moldova MDA 2012 80.8% Antigua and Barbuda ATG Aruba ABW Bermuda BMU Cayman Islands CYM Curaçao CUW Dominica DMA Grenada GRD Kiribati KIR Kosovo XKX 2014 91.7% Macao SAR, China MAC Marshall Islands MHL Micronesia FSM 2005 109.0% Montserrat MSR Nauru NRU Palau PLW San Marino SMR Seychelles SYC Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SXM St. Kitts and Nevis KNA Taiwan TWN Turks and Caicos Islands TCA Tuvalu TUV Average 84.5% 2. Female employment (% of total) in the public sector Deviation of female public emplyment (% Year2 Female employment in Female sector public labor force (of of total) from female Total) 2014 7.6% 8.2% -0.6% 2021 7.9% 2021 21.5% 14.0% 7.5% 2021 18.3% 23.5% -5.2% 2019 20.5% 31.4% -10.9% 2020 29.3% 16.0% 13.3% 2018 15.3% 40.7% -25.3% 2020 8.8% 15.1% -6.3% 2021 28.9% 17.8% 11.1% 2019 47.5% 26.6% 20.8% Row Labels 2021 24.7% 17.5% 7.2% East Asia & Pacific 2017 27.9% 19.7% 8.3% Latin America & Caribbe 2021 27.7% 20.6% 7.1% Sub-Saharan Africa 2012 46.8% 20.8% 26.0% South Asia Europe & Central Asia 2021 24.4% 22.8% 1.5% Grand Total 2020 26.9% 16.9% 10.0% 2011 26.8% 29.3% -2.5% Source: 2021 33.0% 17.7% 15.3% World Inequality 2017 31.7% 41.8% -10.2% ILOSTAT 2016 41.9% 25.6% 16.3% 2019 30.2% 33.8% -3.6% 2017 27.5% 32.3% -4.9% 2012 19.2% 46.5% -27.2% 2021 33.8% 40.5% -6.8% 2017 46.4% 47.8% -1.4% 2017 32.9% 29.1% 3.8% 2018 26.9% 47.9% -21.1% 2021 27.8% 44.9% -17.1% 2019 28.3% 31.9% -3.6% 2015 30.8% 51.3% -20.5% 2016 41.1% 33.3% 7.8% 2017 21.7% 48.0% -26.2% 2017 32.1% 37.6% -5.5% 2021 35.9% 32.1% 3.8% 2020 45.5% 34.5% 11.1% 2018 21.3% 45.2% -23.9% 2020 31.1% 48.3% -17.2% 2021 33.4% 37.8% -4.4% 2018 29.1% 47.2% -18.1% 2020 24.8% 38.1% -13.3% 2022 47.0% 2019 23.8% 43.3% -19.4% 2019 45.3% 32.4% 12.9% 2017 35.9% 46.9% -11.0% 2021 24.4% 50.0% -25.5% 2021 54.5% 38.6% 15.9% 2020 51.3% 39.3% 12.1% 2017 46.1% 37.6% 8.5% 2014 33.3% 46.8% -13.6% 2019 35.9% 43.8% -7.8% 2020 45.1% 45.1% 0.1% 2012 29.5% 47.3% -17.8% 2021 46.6% 41.1% 5.5% 2020 59.5% 39.3% 20.2% 2017 37.8% 47.6% -9.8% 2019 26.1% 38.4% -12.3% 2021 38.2% 45.4% -7.1% 2013 37.8% 48.7% -10.8% 2012 51.9% 37.2% 14.7% 2020 36.0% 2020 56.1% 37.9% 18.2% 2021 52.7% 39.6% 13.1% 2021 46.2% 41.5% 4.7% 2021 43.1% 50.5% -7.4% 2017 18.0% 28.5% -10.5% 2016 53.4% 40.4% 13.0% 2021 44.2% 41.6% 2.6% 2018 30.9% 45.0% -14.0% 2019 43.7% 44.4% -0.7% 2021 41.0% 38.4% 2.5% 2021 43.4% 41.4% 2.0% 2021 40.4% 43.2% -2.8% 2020 41.6% 51.8% -10.2% 2019 53.4% 40.4% 13.1% 2019 47.3% 42.2% 5.1% 2021 28.9% 49.5% -20.6% 2020 34.7% 48.7% -14.0% 2021 41.2% 46.1% -4.9% 2019 32.9% 46.9% -14.0% 2021 52.6% 38.8% 13.9% 2021 53.4% 41.3% 12.1% 2019 49.4% 45.2% 4.2% 2021 52.3% 42.1% 10.2% 2021 47.9% 42.3% 5.6% 2019 37.3% 39.7% -2.4% 2021 48.3% 46.0% 2.3% 2021 36.8% 47.0% -10.2% 2021 42.2% 40.2% 2.0% 2021 52.5% 46.3% 6.1% 2021 55.8% 46.9% 8.9% 2013 32.3% 48.9% -16.6% 2021 55.6% 47.1% 8.5% 2020 46.0% 39.0% 7.0% 2021 58.7% 44.6% 14.1% 2020 59.5% 46.9% 12.6% 2021 53.8% 40.8% 13.0% 2019 55.5% 46.8% 8.6% 2021 48.2% 41.5% 6.7% 2020 50.9% 47.4% 3.4% 2021 56.9% 46.3% 10.6% 2015 41.9% 48.5% -6.5% 2021 44.2% 40.2% 4.0% 2012 50.3% 2020 63.8% 47.3% 16.5% 2020 40.9% 2019 39.4% 49.2% -9.8% 2021 55.2% 42.8% 12.4% 2021 44.5% 50.0% -5.5% 2019 45.0% 44.5% 0.5% 2016 45.7% 46.9% -1.2% 2020 49.0% 44.8% 4.2% 2014 45.2% 49.1% -3.9% 2021 58.6% 48.4% 10.1% 2021 52.5% 43.7% 8.8% 2021 56.1% 41.6% 14.5% 2020 70.0% 47.3% 22.7% 2020 65.6% 47.8% 17.8% 2022 62.7% 2021 55.7% 43.4% 12.4% 2021 53.0% 46.8% 6.2% 2018 39.6% 46.5% -7.0% 2022 56.6% 2021 53.8% 42.2% 11.6% 2019 49.7% 44.2% 5.4% 2019 60.6% 45.0% 15.7% 2019 56.1% 46.6% 9.5% 2020 59.8% 47.1% 12.7% 2018 51.0% 49.1% 1.9% 2021 59.3% 52.7% 6.6% 2020 53.4% 42.8% 10.6% 2020 55.0% 46.0% 9.0% 2020 50.9% 45.2% 5.7% 2020 61.5% 45.5% 16.0% 2021 52.1% 45.4% 6.7% 2018 28.3% 45.0% -16.7% 2020 55.4% 45.4% 10.0% 2021 64.8% 48.8% 15.9% 2019 57.2% 46.9% 10.3% 2021 62.9% 46.9% 16.0% 2020 69.4% 47.7% 21.7% 2021 56.0% 48.0% 8.0% 2018 60.0% 45.2% 14.9% 2021 58.5% 47.6% 10.9% 2019 57.6% 50.3% 7.3% 2020 77.5% 47.5% 30.0% 2020 58.1% 46.2% 11.9% 2015 50.0% 2020 66.2% 49.4% 16.9% 2019 46.1% 2020 72.2% 48.1% 24.1% 2020 67.4% 49.3% 18.0% 2018 49.8% 2020 66.6% 47.9% 18.7% 2021 64.5% 47.1% 17.4% 2012 51.7% 2020 50.2% 2021 36.7% 2019 29.9% 2014 34.7% 2020 53.4% 2013 38.8% 2020 45.3% 2021 63.2% 2020 64.0% 2016 37.5% 2019 44.0% 41.4% 2.7% Average of Female to male wage ratio in the public sector Frequency: Fema 100.0% 80 90.0% 70 80.0% 70.0% 60 60.0% 50 50.0% 40.0% 40 30.0% 30 20.0% 10.0% 20 0.0% 10 East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Europe & Central Asia Caribbean 0 Region 0-0.25 Average of Female to male wage ratio in the public sector Bin Range 94.4% 0.25 90.6% 0.5 85.5% 0.75 85.4% 1 76.9% 1.25 84.2% 1.5 Source: World Inequality Database, ILOSTAT Frequency: Female to male wage ratio in the public sector Europe & Central Asia 0-0.25 0.25-0.5 0.5-0.75 0.75-1 1-1.25 1.25-1.5 Frequency 0-0.25 0 0.25-0.5 0 0.5-0.75 25 0.75-1 70 1-1.25 15 1.25-1.5 1 Intergenerational Inequality Back Fields in orange are for the user to edit Period for average 2015 to 2019 Pension as share of CountryCode Country total spending Income LUX Luxembourg 35.42% High income SWE Sweden 27.80% AUT Austria 44.95% Low income BEL Belgium 46.79% Lower middle income MUS Mauritius 18.55% IRL Ireland 29.26% Upper middle income CYP Cyprus 34.00% CHE Switzerland 34.66% Region GRC Greece 44.65% East Asia & Pacific SVN Slovenia 35.32% JOR Jordan 14.48% Europe & Central A... FIN Finland 25.85% Latin America & Ca... PRT Portugal 37.44% URY Uruguay 46.99% Middle East & Nort... NOR Norway 19.94% North America MNE Montenegro 27.05% GBR United Kingdom 29.07% South Asia FRA France 35.41% Sub-Saharan Africa BGR Bulgaria 42.50% DEU Germany 35.02% SVK Slovak Republic 32.65% JPN Japan 50.30% HRV Croatia 28.95% SRB Serbia 36.90% CZE Czech Republic 30.66% LTU Lithuania 27.51% ISR Israel 16.06% POL Poland 34.27% HUN Hungary 23.32% CRI Costa Rica 11.02% DNK Denmark 2.59% CHL Chile 15.84% RUS Russian Federation 38.59% COL Colombia 23.07% BLR Belarus 29.84% USA United States 24.79% NLD Netherlands 17.71% ALB Albania 26.06% UKR Ukraine 28.47% MDA Moldova 30.94% ZAF South Africa 15.11% ARG Argentina 27.66% BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 25.91% PAN Panama 13.40% AZE Azerbaijan 5.57% ROU Romania 21.07% KGZ Kyrgyz Republic 22.32% BRA Brazil 21.27% TUR Turkey 20.43% PRY Paraguay 16.85% EGY Egypt, Arab Rep. UZB Uzbekistan 21.52% GUY Guyana ECU Ecuador NIC Nicaragua 17.89% PER Peru 3.74% PHL Philippines 11.70% GHA Ghana 2.03% AFG Afghanistan CIV Côte d'Ivoire 5.29% THA Thailand 2.55% HKG Hong Kong SAR, China NZL New Zealand 37.49% LSO Lesotho 5.69% MLT Malta ISL Iceland MKD Macedonia, FYR BRB Barbados EST Estonia LVA Latvia NAM Namibia MNG Mongolia CPV Cabo Verde ARM Armenia 18.03% MAC Macao SAR, China ARE United Arab Emirates ITA Italy ESP Spain CAN Canada KAZ Kazakhstan BOL Bolivia GEO Georgia TUN Tunisia WSM Samoa IRN Iran, Islamic Rep. SAU Saudi Arabia 5.76% KOR Korea, Rep. TJK Tajikistan MAR Morocco SLV El Salvador 6.69% MEX Mexico COG Congo, Rep. TZA Tanzania RWA Rwanda MMR Myanmar KEN Kenya SEN Senegal HND Honduras AUS Australia 27.09% IDN Indonesia SGP Singapore 0.00% YEM Yemen, Rep. TLS Timor-Leste NPL Nepal 9.74% UGA Uganda SOM Somalia MDV Maldives 4.92% CHN China ABW Aruba AGO Angola AND Andorra ASM American Samoa ATG Antigua and Barbuda BDI Burundi BEN Benin BFA Burkina Faso BGD Bangladesh BHR Bahrain BHS Bahamas, The BLZ Belize BMU Bermuda BRN Brunei Darussalam BTN Bhutan BWA Botswana CAF Central African Republic 0.00% CHI Channel Islands CMR Cameroon COD Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.00% COM Comoros CUB Cuba CUW Curaçao CYM Cayman Islands DJI Djibouti DMA Dominica DOM Dominican Republic DZA Algeria ERI Eritrea ETH Ethiopia FJI Fiji FRO Faroe Islands FSM Micronesia, Fed. Sts. GAB Gabon 0.00% GIB Gibraltar GIN Guinea GMB Gambia, The GNB Guinea-Bissau 0.00% GRD Grenada GRL Greenland GTM Guatemala GUM Guam HTI Haiti IMN Isle of Man IND India IRQ Iraq 11.26% JAM Jamaica 8.25% KHM Cambodia KNA St. Kitts and Nevis LAO Lao PDR LBN Lebanon LBR Liberia LCA St. Lucia LIE Liechtenstein LKA Sri Lanka MAF St. Martin (French part) MCO Monaco MDG Madagascar MHL Marshall Islands MLI Mali MNP Northern Mariana Islands MOZ Mozambique MRT Mauritania MWI Malawi 0.00% MYS Malaysia 7.26% NCL New Caledonia NER Niger NGA Nigeria OMN Oman PAK Pakistan PLW Palau PNG Papua New Guinea PRI Puerto Rico PRK Korea, Dem. People's Rep. PSE West Bank and Gaza PYF French Polynesia QAT Qatar SDN Sudan SLB Solomon Islands SLE Sierra Leone 2.40% SMR San Marino SSD South Sudan STP São Tomé and Principe SUR Suriname SWZ Swaziland SXM Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SYC Seychelles 13.49% SYR Syrian Arab Republic TCA Turks and Caicos Islands TCD Chad TGO Togo TKM Turkmenistan TON Tonga TTO Trinidad and Tobago TWN Taiwan, China VCT St. Vincent and the Grenadines VEN Venezuela, RB VGB British Virgin Islands VIR Virgin Islands (U.S.) VNM Vietnam VUT Vanuatu XKX Kosovo ZMB Zambia 1.07% ZWE Zimbabwe 8.09% GNQ Equatorial Guinea 0.16% KIR Kiribati KWT Kuwait LBY Libya NRU Nauru TUV Tuvalu Average 20.5% Pension controling GFS&WDI Ratio of pension to The share of education spending, structural controlling for components demographics 71.89% 4.60% 79.40% 1.58% 76.30% 3.21% 70.93% 3.50% 73.25% 1.77% 94.50% 3.38% 67.94% 2.79% 75.49% 1.83% 65.86% 4.05% 85.67% 2.63% 74.47% 14.12% 75.39% 1.64% 71.41% 2.28% 4.30% 73.97% 1.33% 75.75% 2.09% 74.53% 3.31% 75.32% 2.47% 79.74% 1.98% 79.37% 3.35% 77.15% 2.58% 79.50% 2.22% 71.70% 2.97% 83.90% 2.13% 87.00% 1.73% 77.51% 2.58% 88.76% 2.77% 91.43% 1.87% 78.89% 0.73% 74.93% 0.16% 78.49% 1.27% 71.98% 3.98% 69.47% 4.95% 72.08% 2.52% 73.45% 2.25% 75.62% 1.23% 47.23% 2.57% 74.12% 2.07% 83.67% 2.60% 60.53% 4.08% 4.52% 76.74% 3.65% 67.66% 3.05% 83.94% 1.92% 72.91% 11.31% 66.40% 3.41% 77.99% 5.18% 58.07% 5.39% 73.36% 5.79% 7.50% 100.00% 0.72% 70.50% 4.28% 1.15% 83.89% 4.58% 66.79% 0.22% 72.52% 3.03% 3.15% 93.09% 75.94% 69.81% 73.80% 81.40% 70.74% 67.73% 64.54% 3.14% 31.66% 74.35% 68.86% 67.37% 79.50% 71.05% 82.56% 76.32% 3.11% 76.25% 55.06% 1.77% 69.42% 100.00% 73.37% 75.05% 68.02% 78.74% 61.23% 2.39% 0.00% 3.70% 2.24% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.25% 1.54% 0.00% 1.42% 1.36% 3.73% 1.74% 4.48% 0 74.5% 2.9%