Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Report No. 10 11 November, 2023 Households Welfare Monitoring in Zimbabwe Results from a High-Frequency Telephone Survey of Households INTRODUCTION Household welfare monitoring statistics help monitor and mitigate the socio- economic impacts of any crisis in the country. The statistics are essential to inform policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation processes. Responding to this information need, the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), with technical and financial support from World Bank and UNICEF, designed a high-frequency telephone survey of households to measure the socio-economic impact of any crisis in Zimbabwe. The survey, referred to as the Rapid PICES Household Welfare Monitoring Telephone Survey, is based on Poverty, Income, Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (PICES) of 2017 and 2019. The initial PICES survey in 2017 covered 32,000 households, from which a sample of 3,000 households was drawn for the 2019 Mini PICES Survey. From the 2,201 responding households, a sample of 1,800 households that provided contact details was drawn for the Rapid PICES Welfare Monitoring Telephone Survey. Ten rounds of this survey were completed between July 2020 and August 20231, with the sample representative at both urban and rural areas. 1Rapid PICES Survey dates from Round 1 to Round 9 are as follows: First Round - 6 to 24 July 2020; Sample size = 1,747 households Second Round - 24 August to 23 September 2020; Sample size = 1,639 households Third Round - 15 December 2020 to 10 March 2021; Sample size = 1,235 households Fourth Round - 1 to 27 May 2021; Sample size = 1,319 households Fifth Round - 14 June to 26 July, 2021; Sample size = 1,093 households Sixth Round - 12 September to 23 October, 2021; Sample size = 1,351 households Seventh Round - 6 January to 13 February, 2022 and 8 June 2022 to 26 June 2022; Sample size = 1,152 households. (The survey was suspended in mid-February to allow enumerators to prepare for the Population and Housing Census. The remaining households were covered in June, 2022) Eighth Round - 20 July 2022 to 17 August, 2022. Sample size = 1,145 households Nineth Round - 14 December 2022 to 5 January 2023. Sample size = 1,032 Tenth Round - June 2023 to August 2023. Sample size = 1,214 1 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe The report summarizes the results of the tenth round of Rapid PICES, conducted from June 2023 to August, 2023, and compares them to the findings of the ninth round. Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) was used for data collection. HIGHLIGHTS – ROUND 10 Access to Basic Food Necessities About 43 percent of the households expressed willingness to buy maize meal in round 10, representing a 4 percentage points decrease from the previous round. Further, households’ ability to buy maize-meal decreased by 5 percentage points to 39 percent in round 10. In rural areas, the demand for maize meal decreased from 36 percent in round 9 to 25 percent in round 10. In urban areas the ability to buy maize-meal decreased from 73 percent in round 9 to 68 percent. Shocks Faced by Households Increase in price of major food items consumed emerged as the major shock experienced by households. In round 10, 56 percent of the households experienced an increase in the price of major food items consumed and increase in price of farming/business inputs (11.6 percent). In rural areas, 59 percent of households experienced increases in prices followed by increase in price of farming/business inputs (13.5 percent). Employment Status At national level, the proportion of people who were employed within 7 days of the interview increased by 12 percentage points from 54 percent in the 9th round to 66 percent in the 10th round (Figure 7). About 30 percent of respondents in round 9 did not have a job or had not worked in the last month preceeding the interview date. Assistance from Government The proportion of households BEAM transfers was 5 percent at national level, 10 percent for females and 3 percent for males. The proportion of households in urban areas that received BEAM was 7 percent compared to 4 percent in rural areas. Transactions in Different Currencies At national level,89.6 percent of the transactions on food purchases were in US dollars or South African rand, while 10.4 percent occurred in local currency (ZWL). The use of foreign currency was higher in rural areas (93.4 percent) than in urban areas (84.6 percent). The use of US dollars and South African rand on basic commodities ranged from 80.2 percent on Beef to 87.7 percent for rice ACCESS TO BASIC FOOD The survey collected information on households' ability and willingness to buy NECESSITIES basic items such as mealie-meal, cooking oil and chicken. About 43 percent of the households expressed willingness to buy maize meal in round 10, representing a 4 percentage points decrease from the previous round. Further, households’ ability to buy maize-meal decreased by 5 percentage points to 39 percent in round 10 (Figure 1). At the national level, 2 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe the proportion of households willing to buy cooking oil remained constant at 69 percent in round 9 and round 10 respectively, (Figure 1). a) National 84 85 76 74 70 85 70 70 72 75 64 67 65 68 69 69 67 68 75 65 59 56 59 56 59 58 55 62 62 56 57 62 65 54 77 43 55 41 43 53 39 47 41 47 44 43 41 46 39 46 45 43 41 39 55 45 35 33 45 42 35 38 36 25 26 25 22 23 27 35 25 15 18 25 15 15 5 5 -5 -5 Round 10 Round 8 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 9 Round 10 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Maize meal Cooking oil Chicken Willing to buy Able to buy Figure 1: National access to basic food necessities In rural areas, the demand for maize meal decreased from 36 percent in round 9 to 25 percent in round 10. Rural households depend mostly on own production of maize. The proportion of households that were willing to buy cooking oil in rural areas stayed about the same (66 percent). The proportion of households that were willing to buy chicken in rural areas increased to 69 percent in round 10 from 28 percent in round 9. The proportion of households that were able to buy chicken, increased significantly from 11 percent in round 9 to 58 percent in round 10 (Figure 2). c) Rural 79 72 72 70 71 69 66 66 65 67 66 66 62 62 58 57 57 58 54 54 56 49 51 51 47 53 47 45 41 37 36 36 36 37 38 36 35 35 32 32 30 28 29 28 25 25 24 24 21 22 21 12 12 12 12 11 7 9 Round 8 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 9 Round 10 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Maize meal Cooking oil Chicken Willing to buy Able to buy Figure 2: Rural access to basic food necessities 3 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe In urban areas the ability to buy maize-meal decreased from 73 percent in round 9 to 68 percent. Further, in urban areas, the proportion of households that were able to buy cooking oil remained at 75 percent in round 10 and round 9 respectively. The proportion of households that were able to buy chicken increased from 64 percent in round 9 to 69 percent in round 10 (Figure 3). b) Urban 76 78 76 76 77 76 73 74 71 70 70 71 71 70 75 75 68 73 68 69 69 69 65 70 66 65 65 65 64 64 62 62 61 62 62 60 60 60 56 56 67 68 56 55 52 54 63 49 59 55 50 59 48 47 49 44 42 36 33 33 Round 2 Round 9 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 1 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 10 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Maize meal Cooking oil Chicken Willing to buy Able to buy Figure 3: Urban access to basic food necessities Shocks faced by households Households are shocks faced various types of shocks in their day to day lives. Increase in price of major food items consumed emerged as the major shock experienced by households. In round 10, 56 percent of the households experienced an increase in the price of major food items consumed and increase in price of farming/business inputs (11.6 percent). In rural areas, 59 percent of households experienced increases in prices followed by increase in price of farming/business inputs (13.5 percent). The same pattern was observed in urbana areas and for males and females. Efforts to mitigate households against price increase shocks are therefore needed, (Figure 4). 4 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Table 1: Proportion of Households that are affected by various types of shocks in round 10. (% of households) Type of shock experienced by households National Rural Urban Male Female Job Loss since March 2020 3.4 0.2 7.8 3.1 4.1 Nonfarm business closure 2.1 0.0 5.0 2.9 0.0 Theft/looting of cash and other property 4.2 3.7 5.0 4.2 4.3 Disruption of farming, livestock, fishing activities 1.1 1.6 0.4 1.0 1.5 Increase in price of farming/business inputs 11.6 13.5 9.1 12.0 10.6 Fall in the price of farming/business output 4.2 5.8 2.0 3.7 5.6 Lack of availability of farming/business inputs 5.1 5.3 5.0 6.0 2.9 Reduction of farming/business output 6.9 6.2 7.9 8.3 3.4 Increase in price of major food items consumed 56.1 58.6 52.5 52.4 65.4 Illness, injury, or death of an income-earning member of the household 4.8 4.9 4.6 6.0 1.6 Other 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.0 Natural disasters 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Access to drinking water ACCESS TO At national level access to sufficient driniking water declined from 97 percent UTILITIES in round 9 to 89 percent in round 10. In rural areas the proportion of households having access to sufficient drinking water declined from 99 percent in round 9 to 95 percent in round 10. The proportion of households in urban areas that had access to sufficient drinking water declined from 93 percent in round 9 to 79 percent in round 10, (Figure 5). In round 10 the proportion of female headed households had more access to sufficient access to drinking water compated to maled headed households (87 percent). (a) Access to drinking water in round 10 and round 9 (% of Households) 120 97 95 99 98 96 100 89 93 92 87 79 80 60 40 20 0 National Rural Urban Male Female Round 10 Households Round 9 Households 5 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Figure 3: Proportion of households able to access sufficient drinking water Further, the proportion of households that were able to access electricity at national level declined from 65 percent in round 9 to 60 percent in round 10. Urban households have more access to electricity compared to rural households. In round 10, the proportion of urban households had more ability to buy electricity (88 percent) than households in rural areas (38 percent), (Figure 6). (b) Ability to buy electricity in round 10 and round 9 120 95 100 88 80 67 65 61 65 60 56 60 48 38 40 20 0 National Rural Urban Male Female Round 10 households Round 9 households Figure 4: Proportion of households able to buy electricity ACCESS TO The results of the 10th round survey indicated that at national level, 68 percent SCHOOLS AND households compared to 11 percent in round 9 supplemented teachers LEARNING salaries. Seventy-five households in urban areas supplemented teacher’s salary in round 10 compared to 22 percent in round 9. In rural areas 64 percent of the households supplemented teachers’ salaries compared to 6 percent in round 9, (Figure 7). 6 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Households supplementing teachers salary 80 75 68 69 70 64 66 60 50 40 30 22 20 12 11 9 10 6 0 National Rural Urban Male Female Round 10 households Round 9 households Figure 6: Proportion of households supplementing teachers salary ( % of households) EMPLOYMENT At national level, the proportion of people who were employed within 7 days AND INCOME of the interview increased by 12 percentage points from 54 percent in the 9th round to 66 percent in the 10th round (Figure 7).2 About 30 percent of respondents in round 9 did not have a job or had not worked in the last month preceeding the interview date. 2 Having a job is defined as doing any work for pay, operating any kind of business, farming, or engaging in other activity to generate income, even if only for one hour in the last week. The usual International Labour Organization (ILO) were not used and figures reported in this report are indicators of the employment situation in households in the various rounds. 7 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Employment Status July 2020 to Dec 2022 to August 2023 100 80 36 41 38 40 34 42 42 30 45 1 7 4 60 13 2 3 5 4 3 40 57 61 57 59 54 66 20 51 52 53 0 Jul-20 Aug-Sept Dec 20- May-21 Oct 201 Jan -Feb July-Aug Dec 22- June-Aug 20 March 21 22, 22 Jan 23 2023 June22 National Currently working (worked last week) Worked last month Did not work last month or last week Figure 5: Employment status, July 2020 - August 2023 In the 10th round, the proportion of males who worked in the last 7 days preceeding the interview date was 71 percent compared to 55 percent for females. In urban areas, the proportion of households who reported to have worked in the last 7 days preceeding the interview date increased from 79 percent in round 9 to 84 percent in round 10 (Figure 8). Employment Status in Urban areas July 2020 to Dec 2022 to Jan 2023 100 6 3 21 29 22 22 19 21 15 14 80 32 3 3 3 15 18 4 5 60 40 75 75 77 79 83 61 64 66 66 20 0 Jul-20 Aug-Sept Dec 20- May-21 Oct 201 Jan -Feb July-Aug Dec 22- June-Aug 20 March 21 22, 22 Jan 23 2023 June22 Urban Currently working (worked last week) Worked last month Did not work last month or last week Source: ZIMSTAT Rapid PICES Phone survey. Figure 6: Employment Status in Urban Areas, July 2020 - January 2023 In rural areas, the proportion of households that worked last week increased from 43 percent in 9th round to 55 percent and 10th round (Figure 9). 8 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Employment Status July 2020 to Dec 2022 to August 2023 100 80 45 51 46 46 49 41 50 44 55 60 4 1 10 3 1 1 3 40 6 2 45 46 53 53 47 55 43 43 55 20 0 Jul-20 Aug-Sept Dec 20- May-21 Oct 201 Jan -Feb July-Aug Dec 22- June-Aug 20 March 21 22, June 22 Jan 23 2023 22 Rural Currently working (worked last week) Worked last month Did not work last month or last week Source: ZIMSTAT Rapid PICES Phone survey. ` Figure 7: Employment status in Rural Areas, July 2020 - January 2023 SOURCES OF In round 10, the most common sources of household income were family INCOME farming, livestock or fishing (29 percent) wage employment (22 percent) non- farm family business (13 perrcent) and assistance from a family member within T the country (13 percent). It was noted that family farming, livestock or fishing h declined by 10 percentage points from 39 percent in round 9 to 29 percent in e round 10. Wage employment increased by 7 percentasge pints from 15% in s round 9 to 22 percent in round 10. (Figure 10). a m e Round 10 National Income Sources p a Family farming, livestock or fishing 29 t Wage employment of household members 22 t Non-farm family business 13 Assistance from family within the country 13 e Assistance from the Government 5 r Remittances from abroad from the formal… 5 n Pension 4 w Income from properties, investments or… 3 a Remittances from abroad from the… 3 s Assistance from NGOs / charitable… 2 o Assistance from other non-family individuals 0 b Unemployment benefits 0 s 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 e r v e d f o r 9 b o t Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Round 9 National Income Sources Family farming, livestock or fishing 39 Wage employment of household members 15 Assistance from family within the country 12 Non-farm family business 10 Remittances from abroad 9 Assistance from the Government 5 Pension 3 Income from properties, investments or… 3 Assistance from NGOs / charitable… 2 Assistance from other non-family individuals 1 Unemployment benefits 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Note: The percentages sum to more than 100 because a household may have multiple sources of income. Figure 8: Household Sources of Income for Rounds 10 and Round 9 ASSISTANCE The Government introduced safety nets on households to mitigate against the FROM impact of economic instability. At national level, 6 percent of households GOVERNMENT received free food grain while 1 percent of the households received other cash transfers. In rural areas, the proportion of households who received food assistance was 9 percent. The proprtion of females receiving food assistance was 7 percent compared to 6 prercent for males. The proportion of households BEAM transfers was 5 percent at national level, 10 percent for females and 3 percent for males. The proportion of households in urban areas that received BEAM was 7 percent compared to 4 percent in rural area, (Figure 11). It was noted that government has moved resources from COVID-19 transfers to provided BEAM support. (a) Safety Nets Round 10 (% of households) 12 10 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Received COVID- Received other Received food Received other Received Beam 19 cash transfers cash transfers assistance (grain in-kind transfers Transfers distribution) Male Female Rural Urban National 10 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe (b) Safety nets Round 9 (% of households) 8 7 6 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Received COVID-19 cash Received other cash Received food Received other in-kind transfers transfers assistance (grain transfers distribution) Male Female Rural Urban National Figure 9: Coverage of safety net programs AGRICULTURE Rapid-PICES phone survey was also used to monitor involvement of households in agriculture and participation of households in then Pfumvudza/Intwasa programme. The proportion of households that participated in agriculture in round 10 was 60 percent at national level and 84percent in rural areas. There was a marginal difference in the participation of males and females in agriculture being 59.2% for males and 61.8% for females. (Figure 13). About 38 % of the households participated in the Pfumvudza/Intwasa programme with more females 45% than maeles 34% participating in the Pfumvudza/Intwasa programme. Households involved in Agriculture and Pfumvudza/Intwasa Programme in Round 10, 2023 100.0 84.0 80.0 60.0 59.2 61.8 60.0 45.35 38.0 37.9 38.6 34.4 40.0 22.1 20.0 0.0 National Rural Urban Male Female Involved in Agriculture Participated in Pfumvudza Figure 10: Proportion of households participation in Agriculture and Pfumvudza Programme in Round 10. 11 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe CURRENCY Data on prices and currency of transaction for key food items such as maize USED FOR TRANSACTION meal, cooking oil, rice, beef, and bread were also collected in round 10. At national level,89.6 percent of the transactions on food purchases were in US dollars or South African rand, while 10.4 percent occurred in local currency (ZWL). The use of foreign currency was higher in rural areas (93.4 percent) than in urban areas (84.6 percent). The use of US dollars and South African rand on basic commodities ranged from 80.2 percent on Beef to 87.7 percent for rice (Figure 15). Currency used in transactions in round 10 100% 90% 4.5 1.2 80.1 80% 6.4 70% 7.7 60% 7.8 2.0 50% 85.6 4.6 40% 30% 0.0 20% 6.4 1.7 83.2 5.4 3.4 10% 0% USD USD or ZAR USD or ZWL ZWL USD, ZWL ZAR National Rural Urban Currency used in transactions (round 9) 100.0 2.6 1.1 5.2 90.0 16.4 22.7 80.0 33.7 11.3 % of transactions 70.0 9.2 60.0 5.5 50.0 40.0 65.5 71.1 30.0 55.6 20.0 10.0 0.0 National Rural Urban USD USD or ZAR USD or ZWL ZWL 12 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Currency of transaction for food items round 10 100.0 3.5 2.9 2.8 4.9 3.2 3.4 4.2 3.6 5.1 90.0 5.8 10.2 6.9 6.1 7.0 80.0 6.4 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 84.0 85.1 86.4 82.2 77.9 30.0 20.0 10.0 - Maize Meal Cooking Oil Rice Beef Bread USD ZAR ZWL USD or ZWL USD, ZWL ZAR Currency of transaction for food items (round 9) 100.0 1.9 2.7 1.7 3.9 3.1 90.0 22.0 21.0 22.1 22.8 80.0 26.7 8.1 8.7 % of transactions 70.0 11.0 8.9 9.9 60.0 50.0 40.0 65.1 68.2 67.4 65.3 30.0 59.5 20.0 10.0 - Maize Meal Cooking Oil Rice Beef Bread USD USD or ZAR USD or ZWL ZWL Figure 11: Currency of transaction for food items Round 10 and Round 9 The survey collected data on availability of basic commodies such as maize meal, cooking oil, rice , beef and bread in both rural and urban areas. All basic commodities were readily available in urban areas with at least 85 percent of respondents confirming availability. In rural areas availability ranged from 43 percent for beef to 92 percent for cooking oil. The commodities that are readily available in rural and urban areas were cooking oil, rice and bread (Figure 16). 13 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Round 10: Availability of Commodities 94 92 96 97 100 91 93 92 93 92 89 90 85 77 80 68 70 59 60 50 43 40 30 20 10 0 Maize Meal Cooking Oil Rice Beef Bread National Rural Urban Figure 12: Availability of commodities (Round 10) 14 FOOD PRICES Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe UPCOMING Questionnaire design for round 11 has been completed. The ACTIVITIES questionnaire for round 11 was being reviewed. ZIMSTAT, in conjunction with UNICEF and World Bank, will conduct round 11 as soon as the CAPI questionnaire is ready. 15 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Annex Annex 1: Appendix Tables Round 10 Survey 12 November 2023 Description National Rural Urban Male Female Access to basic food necessities Able to buy maize meal (of those who needed 39 21 68 39 40 to buy) Able to buy chicken (of those who needed to 62 58 69 64 58 buy) Access to utilities Able to access sufficient drinking water 89 95 79 87 92 Able to access sufficient washing water 92 95 87 93 88 Able to buy electricity 60 38 88 61 56 Access to education (of those with a school- age child) Household supplementing teachers salary 67 54 85 63 78 Currently Attending School in Person 68 64 75 69 66 Employment Currently working (worked last week) 66 55 83 71 54 Worked last month 4 1 14 4 3 Household Business Operations Operated an own non-farm business (of those 35 17 54 32 44 who worked) Operated an Hhold or Family non-farm 3 1 5 4 1 business (of those who worked) Worked on household farm (of those who 22 42 1 19 29 worked) Worked for a wage (of those who worked) 40 40 39 44 26 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Looked for a Job in the last 4 weeks 11 9 18 14 7 Had same job last month 94 98 90 92 99 Wage employment (of those who worked for a wage) Able to work as usual Paid for the work done last week Received full wage 96 93 100 97 93 Received partial wage 1 2 0 1 2 Received no wage 3 5 0 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 How amount of hours worked changed since last month More weekly hours of work since last month 5 7 2 6 0 Same weekly hours of work since last month 87 84 90 87 85 Fewer weekly hours of work since last month 8 10 7 7 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 16 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Employee benefits Employer provided health insurance 41 25 58 41 41 Employer provided paid sick leave 65 46 86 68 52 Employers provided pension fund 48 34 63 51 34 Employer provided paid annual leave 65 53 79 69 47 Employee and employer had a written contract 75 62 89 77 64 Willing and able to work additional hours last week Employee willing to work additional hours last 29 37 21 28 34 week Employee available to work additional hours 30 42 18 30 33 last week Status of Non-farm business (of those operating a non-farm business) Household business open 96 96 97 96 97 Household business temporarily closed 3 4 2 3 3 Household business permanently closed 1 0 1 1 0 Household Participatipn in Agriculture Household been involved in agriculture 60 84 22 59 62 Household participated in Pfumvudza/Intwasa 38 38 39 34 45 Programme Household operated household enterprises since 92 98 56 92 92 March 2020 Income source ( of hholds deriving income in the last 12 months ) Family farming, livestock or fishing 29 45 7 30 27 Non-farm family business 13 6 22 14 10 Wage employment of household members 22 14 31 28 10 Unemployment benefits 0 0 0 0 0 Remittances from abroad from the formal 5 1 9 3 7 channel Remittances from abroad from the informal 3 2 3 1 6 channel Assistance from family within the country 13 15 10 9 20 Assistance from other non-family individuals 0 1 0 0 1 Income from properties, investments or savings 3 0 8 3 4 Pension 4 1 7 3 6 Assistance from the Government 5 8 1 4 6 Assistance from NGOs / charitable organization 2 3 1 2 3 Income from source since last month Family farming, livestock or fishing Increased 28 29 16 29 26 Stayed same 35 34 47 32 41 17 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Reduced 33 32 34 33 31 Not received 4 5 3 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Non-farm family business Increased 31 38 28 21 55 Stayed same 37 41 35 38 34 Reduced 32 19 37 41 11 Not received 1 2 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Wage employment of household members Increased 44 29 53 46 34 Stayed same 41 53 33 37 58 Reduced 14 15 13 15 8 Not received 2 3 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Unemployment benefits Increased 52 52 78 24 Stayed same 48 48 22 76 Reduced 0 0 0 0 Not received 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 0 100 100 Remittances from abroad from formal channel Increased 36 32 37 22 50 Stayed same 48 40 50 53 44 Reduced 10 22 8 15 7 Not received 5 5 5 11 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Remittances from abroad from the informal channel Increased 25 11 38 3 33 Stayed same 43 32 54 64 36 Reduced 31 55 8 33 30 Not received 1 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Assistance from family within the country Increased 15 18 9 10 19 Stayed same 58 54 68 61 56 Reduced 26 28 22 28 25 Not received 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Assistance from other non-family individuals Increased 55 75 0 36 82 Stayed same 11 9 15 11 10 Reduced 3 1 7 3 3 Not received 32 15 77 51 5 18 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Total 100 100 100 100 100 Income from properties, investments or savings Increased 54 0 55 47 61 Stayed same 45 45 45 50 39 Reduced 1 0 1 1 0 Not received 1 55 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Pension Increased 42 35 44 45 40 Stayed same 58 65 56 55 60 Reduced 0 0 0 0 0 Not received 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Assistance from the Government Increased 7 3 51 5 9 Stayed same 35 36 22 38 31 Reduced 17 18 0 15 20 Not received 41 42 27 42 40 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Assistance from NGOs / charitable organization Reduced 12 16 0 16 6 Increased 24 29 8 28 19 Not received 16 19 8 20 12 Stayed same 49 36 83 37 62 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Shocks since the previous survey (for round 10 households) Job Loss since March 2020 3 0 8 3 4 Nonfarm business closure 2 0 5 3 0 Theft/looting of cash and other property 4 4 5 4 4 Disruption of farming, livestock, fishing 1 2 0 1 1 activities Increase in price of farming/business inputs 12 13 9 12 11 Fall in the price of farming/business output 4 6 2 4 6 Lack of availability of farming/business inputs 5 5 5 6 3 Reduction of farming/business output 7 6 8 8 3 Increase in price of major food items consumed 56 59 53 52 65 Illness, injury, or death of an income-earning 5 5 5 6 2 member of the household Other 0 0 1 1 0 Natural disasters 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Safety nets ( of households) Received COVID-19 cash transfers 0 0 0 0 0 Received other cash transfers 1 1 1 1 0 19 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe Received food assistance (grain distribution) 6 9 0 6 7 Participated in a public works program 0 0 0 0 0 Received other in-kind transfers 1 1 0 1 1 Received Beam Transfers 5 4 7 3 10 Received AMTO Transfers 0 0 0 0 0 Other transfers 0 0 0 0 0 Business Registered and Licensed Registered Only 5 0 11 6 0 Licensed Only 1 2 0 1 1 Registered And Licensed 83 86 79 83 83 Neither Registered Nor Licensed 11 13 10 10 17 Do not Know Total 100 100 100 100 100 Availability of products for sale in communities Availability of maize 77 68 91 77 78 Availability of cooking oil 93 92 93 92 94 Availability of rice 94 92 96 93 96 Availability of beef 59 43 85 58 62 Availability of bread 92 89 97 91 96 Currency used in transactions National Rural Urban Male Female Rand 6 8 5 5 8 Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL) 2 2 1 2 2 United States Dollar (USD) 83 86 80 84 81 Rand and USD 0 0 0 0 0 USD and RTGS Currency 5 5 6 6 4 USD, ZWL and Rand Currency 3 0 8 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 In foreign currency 90 93 85 90 89 ZWL only 10 7 15 10 11 Variable Maize Cooking Rice Beef Bread Meal Oil Rand 7 6 6 7 6 Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWL) 2 2 1 1 2 United States Dollar (USD) 84 85 86 82 78 Rand and USD 0 0 0 0 0 USD and RTGS Currency 3 4 4 5 10 USD, ZWL and Rand Currency 4 3 3 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 In foreign currency 91 91 92 89 84 ZWL only 9 9 8 11 16 20 Households Welfare Monitoring Households Welafre Report No. 10. 11 November, 2023 in Zimbabwe For more information please contact: Mr. Grown Chirongwe Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency 20th Floor Kaguvi Building, Corner Fourth Street and Central Avenue Tel: (263-0242) 706681/8 or (263-04) 703971/7 Fax: (263-0242) 762494 E-mail: info@zimstat.co.zw or chirongweg@zimstat.co.zw Website: www.zimstat.co.zw Ms. Cheryl Khuphe External Affairs Officer World Bank Harare Block 3, Arundel Business Park 107 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe (+263-0242) 369-130/1 Email: ckhuphe@worldbank.org Website: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe 21