GOVERNMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF DOMINICA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND FISHERIES DOMINICA EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOODS AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT (DEALCRP) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) MARCH 2024 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) How to Use this Document This Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared by the Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica (GoCD) to guide implementation of the Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP). This document has been updated during implementation (in March 2024) to reflect the latest implementation structure. This ESMF serves as guidance to all project stakeholders including: beneficiaries, Implementing Agencies (IAs) and the project implementing team (e.g. the CSU) on implementation of the project investments while identifying and mitigating environmental and social impacts and risks. This ESMF also informs the project operational manual (POM), the ESMPs and other safeguard instruments necessary in the implementation of this project. 2 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Acronym Full Form APO Agricultural Producers Organizations ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan BP Bank Policy CBA Cost Benefit Analysis CE Citizen Engagement CERC Contingency emergency response component CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CIF Climate Investment Fund CSO Civil Society Organization CSU Central Services Unit DEALCRP Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project DOMLEC Dominica Electrical Services Company Limited DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSWMC Dominica Solid Waste Management Corporation DVRP Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewerage Company EA Environmental Assessment EALCRP Emergency Agricultural Livelihood and Climate Resilience Project ECU Environmental Coordination Unit EHS Environmental Health System EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESA Environmental and Social Audit ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESS Environmental Safeguard Specialist FFS Farmer Field Schools FM Financial Management FPIC Free prior informed consultation GBV Gender based violence GCHM Grievance Conflict Handling Mechanism GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GHG Greenhouse Gases GoCD Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HCFCs Hydro chlorofluorocarbons HRP Housing Recovery Project IA Implementing agency IBA Important Birds Area ILO International Labour Organization IP Indigenous People IPMP Integrated Pest Management Plan IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework IST Implementation Support Team 3 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) LCCRDS Low Carbon Climate Resilience Development Strategy MAFF Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIS Management Information System Ministry of Environment, Climate Resilience, Disaster Management and Urban MoE Renewal MoF Ministry of Finance MoH Ministry of Housing and Lands MoI Ministry of Information, Science, Telecommunications and Technology MoJ Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security MoP Ministry of Planning and Economic Development MoT Ministry of Trade, Energy and Employment NDP National Disaster Plan OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OHS Occupational Health Safety OP Operational Policy of the World Bank (safeguards) PAD Project Appraisal Document PAP Project Affected People PCR Physical Cultural Resources PCRMP Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan PDO Project Development Objective PDNA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment PIM Project Implementation Manual PIU Project Implementation Unit POM Project Operations Manual PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience PPE Personal Protective Equipment PSC Project Steering Committee RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SAP Safeguards Action Plan SDG Sustainable Development Goals SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TAC Technical Assistance Center TS Tropical storm WB World Bank 4 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .....................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................................ix LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................xi A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 B. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS .................................................................... 6 B.1 National Law and Regulations ....................................................................................................... 6 B.2 Relevant Sector Policies & Legislation........................................................................................ 22 C. WORLD BANK POLICIES ............................................................................................................... 26 C.1 Relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies.................................................................................... 26 D. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES...................................................................................... 28 D.1 Environmental and Social Baseline Data .................................................................................... 29 D.2 Sector Specific Project Environmental and Social Impacts by Component ..................................... 33 D.5 Consideration of alternatives .................................................................................................... 50 F. PROJECT COMPLAINTS, CONFLICTS AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)............................................................................................................................................. 71 G. COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION ............................................................... 73 I. STAKEHOLDER CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS .................................................................................................................................. 76 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 76 J. PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION................................................................................ 77 5 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Proposed Investments by Sector, Potential Impacts, and Mitigation Measures ............................ 5 Table 2: National Legislation Relevant to the Agriculture Project ............................................................. 18 Table 3: A Table showing the list of sector regulatory framework and relevance to the Project activities ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 4: WB Operational Policies (Safeguards Policies) triggered for EALCRP .......................................... 37 Table 5: A table on sector specific environmental and social impacts by component.............................. 43 Table 6: Proposed project environmental and social instruments by World Bank Policy triggered 49 Table 7: Envisioned Project environmental and social risks and impacts by Component ......................... 54 Table 8: Ministerial/PIU Offices and Role in implementation of the safeguards ...................................... 74 Table 9: ESS Implementation levels and envisioned activities .................................................................. 75 Table 10: Elements of a GRM system ........................................................................................................ 80 Table 11: A Budget for the proposed areas of training for the Environmental and Social Safeguards.................................................................................................................................................. 83 Table 12: Contents of a RAP – Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP/BP 4.12) ....................................... 110 Figure 1: Land Use Map, 2018 ................................................................................................................... 42 6 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is developed in line with relevant Dominican laws and regulations and relevant World Bank Safeguards Policies. The purpose of the condensed ESMF is to guide in screening of proposed sub projects, identify specific environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the proposed subprojects, establish mitigation measures and how to operationalize, including specific safeguards instruments, principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the various sub- projects. The ESMF, therefore, is prepared to guide and govern the subprojects that are selected for financing and sets out the elements that will be common to all subprojects that will entail mitigation measures. Why the ESMF for this Project? 2. Broadly, the Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Resilience Project ESMF has been used to guide the identification of possible social and environmental risks and impacts; develop mechanisms to mitigate and comply with the relevant GoCD and World Bank policy requirements; lay out the approach and procedures that are relevant during planning and implementation of the project investments in order to mitigate potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed investments; and describe the institutional and implementation arrangements, the monitoring mechanisms, and the capacity-building needs for effective implementation of the ESMF and other related safeguard instruments. ESMF Objectives 3. The ESMF has the following specific objectives: ▪ To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social planning, consultations, screening, review, approval/clearance, disclosure and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project; ▪ To propose broad streamlined procedures for the environmental and social assessment process and subsequent supervision of sub-projects. ▪ To define a typology of projects which might require an environmental assessment (ESIA, ESMP) by location, size of project and other site-specific criteria, and ▪ To develop guidelines for preparation of the operation and maintenance plans by communities and local government for new investments taking into account environmental and social considerations and mitigation measures identified during micro-project evaluation. Brief Description of Project /Components and their Implementation Progress 4. Component A: Restoration of the Productive Base for Recovery of Agricultural Livelihoods (US$16.5 million): Regarding the restoration of cropping systems, the distribution of inputs and small machinery is close to completion and 3713 crop farmers have received input packages consisting of fertilizers, agrochemicals, tools, equipment and planting material to restore their basic productive capacity. For the livestock activities, a total of 321 applications were received, out of which 215 have been approved. Materials have been distributed to 158 beneficiaries; 29 structures have been completed while 71 structures are in progress at different stages of construction. For the fishery activities, 308 applications have been received for assistance with fishing vessels and equipment and 169 have been approved (106 engines, 53 boats, 4 canoes, training of 6 boatbuilders). A total of 106 engines and four canoes have been procured and distributed. The construction of 53 boats is pending, yet the training of six boatbuilders and nine assistants (total 15) has been completed and the boat construction materials 7 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) and tools have been delivered. Regarding the provision of Technical Assistance (TA) for the marketing and training of agri-businesses, the PIU is currently assessing the specific needs of agri-businesses. 5. Component B: Restoration of Key Productive Infrastructure and Institutional Strengthening (US$10.6 million): The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Blue and Green Economy (MAFBGE, former MBGEANFS) identified nine priority structures to be rehabilitated under the Project and advanced in the preparation of designs, cost estimates, bidding documents as well as construction. The following structures have been completed: DBMC ground floor, Central Livestock Farm (goat structure), Central Livestock Farm (sheep structure, Central Livestock Farm (bull pen/dairy facility), and North-East Agricultural Regional Office. For the rehabilitation of the Waitikubuli National Trail, the respective designs have been conducted, yet the MAFBGE is currently reassessing the segments to be rehabilitated. Regarding the institutional strengthening and capacity building of MAFBGE, 40 extension officers received online training from the University of the West Indies on climate smart technologies and the computer and office equipment for the MAFBGE was purchased and delivered. 6. Component C: Project Management (US$3.6 million): The GoCD has established a Central Services Unit (CSU) for all World Bank Projects, which reports to the Ministry of Finance and the Implementation Support Team (IST) is not functioning anymore. The CSU provides shared fiduciary, safeguards, monitoring and evaluation and communications services to the World Bank project units, while the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is responsible for project management, technical implementation, and reporting. An assessment of the CSU and PIU arrangement has been carried out by FM, Procurement and E&S teams and found to be acceptable by the World Bank. The PIU is fully staffed and functioning well, yet the M&E position under the CSU is currently vacant. 7. Component D: Contingency Emergency Response Component (US$3.6 million): On April 14, 2020, at the request of the GoCD, the World Bank activated the CERC to address the urgent need to strengthen local food security and healthcare systems disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The CERC activation was formally processed by the World Bank in June 2020. On April 24, 2023, the World Bank activated the second CERC in response to the severity of the food security crisis following the request of the GoCD. 8. Component D: Contingency Emergency Response Component (US$8.0 million): In April 2023, to support the GoCD to quickly mobilize the necessary funds to address the country’s food security situation, the World Bank approved the activation of the second CERC for a total amount of US$8 million. The CERC funds are being used to reduce the impacts of food insecurity through the strengthening of specific target groups that can contribute to food availability. The new activities financed under the CERC will need to be reflected in the Results Framework by updating indicator targets and introducing new intermediate results indicators. The CERC activation will also need to be reflected in the Disbursement Categories by reallocating US$8 million from Category 1 and 2 to Category 3 (CERC). The project development objectives The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide the necessary resources to resume and carry out the activities originally envisaged under the Project. More specifically, the resources will be used to restore and rehabilitate key agricultural infrastructure, assets, buildings, and other facilities damaged by Hurricane Maria and reestablish the essential public services for crop and livestock farmers. The building code for restoring these structures will emphasize greater climate resilience, and public infrastructure will be restored in line with improved safety standards to reduce the impact of future climate and weather risks. Project Beneficiaries 9. The direct beneficiaries of the project are crop and livestock farmers, fisher folk, and producer organizations affected by Hurricane Maria in all ten parishes of Dominica. An estimated 4,900 individual farmers and fisher folk are expected to benefit directly from the project. At least 20 percent of the beneficiaries will be rural women, most of whom head single-parent households and are one 8 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) of the population groups1 that have been most affected by the hurricane. Technical and managerial staff of the MAFF and other participating organizations will benefit from the project through training and capacity-building activities in climate resilience and agribusiness. Safeguards Action Plan (SAP) 10. The purpose of the ESMF is to guide in screening of proposed sub projects, identify specific environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the proposed sub projects, establish mitigation measures and how to operationalize, including specific safeguards instruments, principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the various sub-projects. The ESMF, therefore, is prepared to guide and govern the sub projects that are selected for financing and sets out the elements that will be common to all sub projects that will entail mitigation measures. 1 According to the PDNA, women represent 39 percent of the heads of households in Dominica and about 20 percent of the total number of farmers. Nearly 76 percent of the women farmers interviewed reported that they were significantly affected by the severe loss of tools and crops. The report underscores the recovery needs of single-parent families headed by women. 9 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 11. OP 10.0 para 12 of World Bank procedures and guidelines, triggered the preparation and disclosure of the ESMF and other safeguards instruments required as per the Safeguards Action Plan (SAP) and the agreement with government. 12. The World Bank Policies requires that all the environmental and social frameworks and related instruments must be disclosed as separate and stand-alone reports by the client and the World Bank (where applicable). For the ESMF and other instruments in this project (ESMP/IPMP/ARAP/IPP) and the disclosure of these documents should be both in locations where it can be accessed by the general public, stakeholders and at the World Bank External Website1. Environmental and Social Screening 13. This ESMF provides a screening process for all types of proposed civil works, other investments including screening for the presence of the indigenous peoples to identify relevant environmental and social issues and risks, as well as environmental and social enhancement opportunities for each civil works activity/investment, and to determine relevant national requirements related to environment, social, health, and safety management, as well as the applicability of the World Bank’s Operational Policies (OP 4.01) - Environmental Assessment; OP 4.04 – Natural Habitats; OP 4.36 – Forests; OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources; OP 4.09 – Pest Management; OP 4.10 – Indigenous Peoples; and OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement. 14. The activities envisaged under sub projects cumulatively may have negative impacts if not well mitigated (see table 1 below). Table 1: Proposed Investments by Sector, Potential Impacts, and Mitigation Measures Sector Types of Investments Potential Socio – Proposed Mitigation Proposed environmental Impacts Measures Agriculture Small to medium- scale Land clearing/expansion Screening checklist to civil ensure no economic works/construction of Land acquisition and/or displacement buildings Involuntary resettlement ARAPs if necessary for Impact on tenant crops Adequate Environmental and Typical environmental Social Management impacts of small civil plans (ESMPs) works (dust, noise, commensurate to the traffic disturbance) level of risks. Worker’s health and safety Distribution of seeds, Potential/deserving • Wide and early planting materials, beneficiaries left information and fertilizers, and out communication pesticides campaign with 1 World Bank External Website containing project documents: https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents- reports/documentlist?keyword_select=allwords&srt=score&order=desc&qterm=P166328 10 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) clear selection processes, criteria, and accessibility in applying known and accessible GCHM • Follow relevant World Bank EHS guidelines2 • Screening checklist • Typical to ensure no environmental economic impacts of small Construction of displacement civil works (dust, buildings, husbandry Preparation of noise, traffic Livestock structures, feedstock ARAPs disturbance) production • Adequate ESMPs equipment, tools commensurate to • Land acquisition and the level of risks or Involuntary • Follow relevant resettlement World Bank EHS guidelines • May transition through private • land Screening checklist • to ensure follow Minor civil works procedure for impacts (trails are • supposed to remain access as natural as Adequate ESMPs possible) commensurate to • the level of risks Impacts on natural • Repair/rebuilding of habitat/forestry(clea Follow World Bank Forestry trails ring of new areas) EHS guidelines Information and communications Typical environmental strategy impacts of small civil works (dust, noise, ARAPs if required Civil works, traffic disturbance) • reconstruction of Adequate ESMPs workshops, boats and Potential/deserving commensurate to engines beneficiaries left out the level of risks • Fishing gear, Follow World Bank Fisheries equipment EHS guidelines 2 WBG General EHS Guidelines: https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-general-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf 11 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 15. In line with the World Bank safeguard policy on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), a number of framework reports have been prepared under Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project that will guide implementation of project activities by preventing and minimizing negative environmental and social impacts through a number and structured steps which are detailed in the main text of this framework. 16. Environmental and Social Impacts – This ESMF considers that due mitigation process starting with sub project screening is adopted and an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) for each sub project will be formulated. Guidelines on Abbreviated Resettlement action plans have also been incorporated in this ESMF as annex because the project is not to be involved in land take neither is it to reduce household incomes or negatively affect livelihoods. To be able to engage with the indigenous community in the Kalinago Territory, the project has formulated a standalone Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) that will provide a strategy to engage with the IP through the Kalinago Council ensuring free prior informed consultation (FPIC) approach to achieve community broad support for the project. An integrated pest management plan (IPMP) will be formulated as an annex to this ESMF and used in cases where agro-chemical usage will be required in selected sub projects. Institutional/Departments Responsible 17. The GoCD leads the overall Emergency agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience project effort nationally. The day to day project implementation is vested on a PIU under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF). The project activities implementation are guided by the project implementation Manual plus all relevant national regulatory frameworks that aims to coordinate efforts in the sector and standardize approaches to restoration. The CSU will support the environmental, social and fiduciary functions of the project. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 18. An M&E specialist at the PIU will coordinate monitoring activities by the technical divisions of the MAFF. The MAFF/PIU will (a) compile and consolidate data and verification of the documents; (b) ensure data quality; and (c) prepare and submit the reports to the Project Steering Committee (PSC), Central Services Unit (CSU), and the World Bank on time. The designated Environmental specialist or the Social safeguards specialist will support this process undertaking monitoring and reporting. Stakeholder Consultation, Participation and Disclosure of ESMF. 19. As provided for under WB policy OP 4.01, information and consultation on the Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project environmental and social management framework was conducted as follows: Circulation of the draft ESMF for comments to all relevant institutions (e.g. MAFF; Environmental Coordination Unit (ECU); Ministry of Kalinago Affairs; Ministry of Public Works, Water Resource Management and Ports; Ministry of Commerce, Enterprise and Small Business Development; Ministry of Tourism and Culture; Ministry of Youth Affairs, Sports and Constituency Empowerment as well as the WB. Disclosure of ESMF will be done to key stakeholders through the print media and on the websites of the MAFF and the World Bank External website after the document has been reviewed, approved and cleared by the WB Regional Safeguards Advisor (RSA). 12 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 20. Public Consultations were initially held on September 4, 2018 with stakeholders drawn from farmer groups, NGOs/CSOs, non-state actors, government ministries and departments and also the Kalinago indigenous peoples (Annexes 19-24). The participants were invited through a letter by the PS, MAFF (annex 19). The participants were taken through the project brief, components, and the environmental and social frameworks. The participants were appreciative of the project and promised to support it fully. However, through their responses, they raised issues which were initially responded to by the MAFF and these comments by stakeholders during the public workshops were incorporated in the final ESMF (annex 23). Also review comments from other partners and the WB team are also incorporated into the final ESMF. A folder was opened that also contains minutes of the proceedings of the consultations. Appropriate consultations were carried out with stakeholders during the preparation of this ESMF. Further consultations between project team and stakeholders will also be held as a way of sharing the updated ESMF and other environmental and social instruments and soliciting for inputs during project implementation. 21. The ESMF has been drafted the Dominica EALCRP ESMF task force and the final ESMF was reviewed, approved and cleared by the World Bank (and disclosed in the project e-government sites and official media and also suitable accessible sites/localities at the national, parish and community levels) and also disclosed at the World Bank External website. 13 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) A. INTRODUCTION A.1 Background Information 22. The National Government through the Ministry of Agriculture, and Fisheries with support from the World Bank is preparing the Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP). Dominica is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters from meteorological and geophysical events. Due to its location within the Atlantic hurricane belt, high-intensity weather events continue to have adverse effects on vulnerable populations and the productive sectors of the country’s economy. The topographic conditions mean that human settlements and physical development are concentrated along narrow coastal areas (particularly in the south and west), with almost 62 percent of the island’s population living along the coast. 23. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Dominica stood at 71,293, with almost equal male and female population. More than a quarter of the country’s population (25.1%) comprise children ages 0-14 years, while the 15 – 24 age group makes up 16.8 percent. And therefore, cumulatively, more than 40 percent of Dominica’s population is comprised of children and youth while the working age population (15-64 years) account for 65.3 percent of the total Dominica’s population, with the aged population (65 years or older) accounting for 11.5 percent. Persons with Disabilities are roughly 5.2 percent. 24. About 14.1 percent of males and 21percent of females reported suffering from chronic lifestyle diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancers; 28.5 percent of those who reported having chronic lifestyle diseases belonged to the highest quintile; 11.2 percent of chronic sufferers belonged to the poorest quintile; and only 13.4 percent of respondents reported being covered by health insurance. 25. Poverty levels in Dominica have declined, falling from 38 percent of the population in 2003 to 28.8 percent in 2009 (around 21,000 people are considered poor). Poverty rates were similar among men (28.8 percent) and women (28.9 percent). Rural poverty continues to represent a major challenge, with 75 percent of the poor living in rural areas. 26. The unemployment rate in the poorest quintile was 27.8 percent and for quintile II the unemployment rate was 17.6 percent. However, based on a 2017 National Employment Programme, Unemployment Survey, unemployment rate is estimated to be around 10 percent. Strong education rates for women do not yield strong labour force participation rates because women have limited access to land and decision-making platforms and are burdened with care of the family making it more difficult to enter into the formal labour force. 27. Hurricane Maria hit the island of Dominica on September 18, 2017, with catastrophic effects. Hurricane Maria made landfall as a Category 5 storm (Saffir-Simpson scale), with winds exceeding 170 miles per hour (mph). Hurricane Maria was one of the most rapidly intensifying storms in recent memory, strengthening from a Category 2 to Category 5 hurricane in less than 12 hours. According to official sources, 30 persons lost their lives and 34 persons were declared missing. The Prime Minister declared a State of Emergency on September 20, 2017. 14 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 28. The agriculture and fisheries sectors were among the most affected sectors and suffered high damages and losses, severely affecting the livelihoods of the predominantly small-scale farming community. An estimated 80–100 percent of root crops, vegetables, bananas, and plantains and 90 percent of tree crops were damaged. Livestock losses are estimated to be 45 percent of cattle, 50 percent of small ruminants, 65 percent of pigs, and 90 percent of chicken stocks. Together with damages to farm buildings and equipment, the crop and livestock sectors suffered a total loss estimated at US$179.6 million. The fisheries sector was also heavily affected, where it is estimated that about 370 vessels were damaged or destroyed, as well as much of the fishing gear and engines. Overall, the situation is expected to dramatically affect crop and livestock production in 2018 and beyond, particularly vegetable, tree crop, poultry, and pork production, which would seriously threaten people’s livelihoods as well as food and nutrition security. The hurricane defoliated almost all trees and totally uprooted an estimated 10-20 percent of tress, and severely damaged the entire infrastructure of the Forestry Department (forestry and national parks buildings, nurseries, trail infrastructure). 29. The agriculture sector plays a critical role in Dominica’s economy, contributing 19 percent to the country’s GDP and employing around 25–40 percent of the workforce. The sector has always been and continues to be very important for Dominica, determining food and nutritional security outcomes and representing a key driver of economic activity. 30. Although, crop production dominates the agriculture sector (it contributed 86 percent to total agriculture production in 2015), diversification of produce is increasingly characterizing the sector. Main crops are plantain, coconut, grapefruit, lime, orange, mango, avocado, papaya, and hot pepper. Root crops such as tannia, dasheen, and yam have also gained in prominence, although primarily at a regional level with lower quantities exported. Livestock production contributed 7.8 percent to total agriculture production in 2015. Egg production is considered the most important livestock activity in the country, followed by raising pigs and small ruminants. The fisheries sector also plays a crucial social and cultural role in Dominica. At present, although characterized as artisanal, the fisheries sector comprises around 440 small fishing vessels. Overall, the fisheries sector employs approximately 2,200 people, and a total of 7,100 persons depend on the sector for their livelihoods. The total forest area on the island is 47,580 ha, of which 80 percent is controlled by the Government and only around 9,552 ha are classified as usable forest estate. The main value of the forest in Dominica lies in ecotourism and environmental services for the provision of water and erosion control. 32. Agricultural production continues to be severely constrained in Dominica due to small farm sizes and limited arable land. In addition, a continuous concern is the low level of farm productivity, primarily caused by a lack of mechanization, limited technical knowledge, and poor irrigation. Labor availability is another increasing constraint for small-scale farmers, mostly due to urban migration and the low level of incomes associated with farming. Overall, the sector lacks adequate financing and adequate farm infrastructure and is characterized by a very fragmented and unorganized private sector. Women represent about 20 percent of total farmers and are primarily engaged in producing tuber and root crops and vegetables for both food self-sufficiency and local markets. Most of them head single- parent households and, hence, are highly vulnerable. 15 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 33. Immediate recovery requires extensive involvement of the Government, which entitles significant strengthening of institutional capacity of the public sector mainly the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF) over the medium term. The longer-term rehabilitation efforts should have strong market-based elements to ensure the sustainability of efforts. Public-private partnerships in new agricultural investments should be promoted to stimulate the local economy and create employment while building greater resilience against market, production, and climate change variability into the system. Also, there are emerging new agricultural technologies and practices available regionally and globally, considered essential to enhancing climate resilience and productivity, which need to be gradually introduced by additional investments and with the help of regional and global agriculture research organizations. Current weather patterns give an idea of the type of climate and disaster risks to be expected in the future, implying future climate scenarios of warming and drying and thus more frequent heat waves and droughts, which would threaten Dominica’s dominant economic sectors, including agricultural production. These possible weather patterns could affect the types of crops to be grown and already unstable areas will experience a greater risk and the frequent occurrence of landslides and flooding, requiring the introduction of new land and water management tools to avoid threats to national food security. The increasing risk of rising sea levels can also result in accelerated coastal erosion, higher flood risk, damage to coastal infrastructure and permanent loss of land. Vulnerability assessments, hazard mapping, and disaster risk management and adaptation measures need to be better researched and implemented to address these discrepancies, and improvements are required to be introduced to the country’s meteorological services. There is little evidence of integration of climate change adaptation or awareness into current disaster risk management plans. Therefore, improved coordination and collaboration between community disaster organizations are needed, including preparedness and response and mitigation capacity among public, private, and civil sector entities for local level management and response. 35. The Prime Minister of Dominica declared that reviving and rebuilding the agriculture and food sector is a key priority of the Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica (GoCD), given its essential roles in food and nutrition security, employment, and income generation, especially for the poor and vulnerable rural population. While the consequences of the hurricane are devastating, they also create an opportunity to rebuild a more climate-resilient and competitive agriculture and food system. 36. Dominica’s population is 72,412 people with ~13 percent unemployed (2021). Poverty levels in Dominica have declined, falling from 38 percent of the population in 2003 to 28.8 percent in 2009 (around 21,000 people are considered poor). Rural poverty continues to represent a major challenge, with 75 percent of the poor living in rural areas. Poverty rates were similar among men (28.8 percent) and women (28.9 percent). The indigenous Kalinago people, representing 5 percent of the total population, have a particularly high incidence of poverty with a rate of 49.8 percent (approximately 1,600 individuals). 37. This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project describes the principles and procedures for addressing environmental and social impacts associated with the project in accordance with 16 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica (GoCD) laws and regulations and World Bank safeguards policies. 38. The proposed project builds on World Bank immediate response activities and post-disaster support following Hurricane Maria. Shortly after Hurricane Maria, the Contingency Emergency Response Component (CERC) of the ongoing World Bank-supported Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project (DVRP) was triggered, channeling some funds to unconditional cash transfer programs to provide immediate support to commercial and small farmers and aid in the recovery of small and micro- enterprises. The proposed Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project complements the role of partners in addressing the first phase of agricultural sector’s recovery and leverages the World Bank’s global experiences in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in the Caribbean (for example, Haiti, Grenada), as well as post-hurricane emergency recovery loans in small island states. 39. The ESMF is to serve as a guidance to mitigation of the environmental and social risks and impacts to arise out of implementation of the project. In addition, the framework describes the principles and approaches to be followed for selecting, avoiding, minimizing, reducing and/or mitigating the adverse environmental and social impacts that are likely to arise due to the implementation of the project. The document is intended to ensure that, for all activities financed by the project, efforts are made to avoid and minimize environmental and social impacts; and where they cannot be avoided, that these impacts are identified and necessary mitigation measures are developed and implemented following relevant Dominican laws and regulations and World Bank safeguards policies. 40. The ESMF provides information about the project’s environmental and social context, social and environmental risks and mitigation measures, institutional arrangements, monitoring indicators, and capacity building and training requirements. It aims to ensure that potential negative environmental and social impacts from project activities are avoided, if not reduced, minimized or mitigated, while positive impacts are encouraged and enhanced, all in line with Dominican laws and regulations and applicable World Bank safeguard policies. 41. The ESMF will be a ‘living document’ enabling updates and revision as necessary. Any unexpected circumstances and/or changes in the project design will be assessed, and appropriate management or mitigation measures will be incorporated through updates to the ESMF. Such updates will also account for any change introduced in the legal, regulatory, and/or institutional regime in the country. The revision will be done based upon mutual agreement between the GoCD and World Bank. The revised/updated ESMF will be cleared by the Bank and re-disclosed locally and in the World Bank External website. The Project and the UN-Sustainable Development Goals 42. The project is a nationwide one and well positioned to contribute to Dominica’s Nationally Determined Contribution, which includes the promotion of food security through climate-resilient agricultural and fisheries development, among its key priorities for building climate resilience. The project also contributes to the attainment of 3 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): (a) SDG1 on ending poverty in all its forms; (b) SDG2 on ending hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture; and (c) SDG13 combating climate change and its impacts. 17 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) PDO-Level Results Indicators 43. The key results indicators to assess project outcomes are the following: a) Farmers and fisher folk reached with productive assets and services (of which female beneficiaries). Here at the intermediate, the numbers coming from the IP community needs to be captured; b) Crop area restored (including high-value crops) -% for the IP communities at the intermediate output indicators; c) Farmers adopting improved agricultural technologies (including climate resilience) (including female beneficiaries). Based also on the livelihood activities for the IP community capture also the data at this level; d) The types and number of capacity building inventions undertaken; e) Annual sector performance attributable to project interventions; f) The percentage of vulnerable groups benefited from the project; and g) All data segregated by gender and age categories. B. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS B.1 National Law and Regulations 44. The GoCD has executed agriculture sector policies, enacted acts and regulations, developed guidelines and manuals, and has signed international treaties and conventions, some of which have provisions for social development and safeguards issues. The prevailing Acts, policies, regulations, conventions and guidelines related to social development and safeguards of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and vulnerable communities including the Kalinago people have been reviewed to streamline the safeguard requirements of the government for this project. Likewise, the ILO Convention No.169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples enacted in 1989 and ratified by Dominica in 2002, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ratified in 2007, have also been reviewed to identify safeguards requirements for this project. 45. The policies and regulations related to safeguard in the context of this project can be categorized broadly into following four groups: • Legislative Measures, Frameworks and Directives related to Environmental Protection and Management, Climate Change Mitigation, and Disaster Management; • Policies and regulation related to land tenure and physical development; • Safeguard of Indigenous Peoples (IPs); and • Good governance, social accountability and public consultation. In terms of national legislation, the key acts related to environmental protection are National Environment Policy/National Environment Management Strategy, 2004; Policy on Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change, 2002; and the Dominica Forestry Policy of 2009. Those related to emergency management include the National Emergency Management Plan and the Disaster Management Plan of 2009. Regulation of physical planning and land tenure are covered by The Physical Planning Act, 2002; and the Title by Registration Act, 1980; The Carib Reserve Act, 1978, speaks to the rights afforded to the Kalinago People. These Acts and regulations, as well as 18 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) directives, guidelines and frameworks together, provide overall regulatory framework that defines both process and procedures for environmental and social protection, conservation and management. 7 19 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Table 2: National Legislation Relevant to the Agriculture Project Policy Document Description Relevance to Project Responsibility Physical Provides inter alia for the orderly and progressive Any housing development to be carried out in The Physical Planning Act development of land and for the grant of the country must be done under and in Planning Division (2002) permissions to develop land and for other powers of accordance with the terms of a development control over the use of land. This Act details the permission granted prior to the application and approval process which is executed commencement of the development. This Act through the Physical Planning Division of the details the application and approval process. Physical Planning and Development Authority. The In the agriculture sector and in this project, Act states that ‘No person shall carry out any this Act will be applicable in restoration of development of land except under and in the infrastructure investments accordance with the terms of a development permission granted in that behalf prior to the commencement of such development.’ . Further, ‘Unless the Authority otherwise determines, environmental impact assessment shall be required in respect of any application for development permission to which the Second Schedule (Refer to Appendix 2) applies.’ Water and Stipulates that water management is vested in These are the regulations which guide Dominica Water Sewerage DOWASCO which includes among its functions DOWASCO, who must be consulted with to and Sewerage Act (1989) water conservation and the preservation and ensure that adequate water and sewer capacity Company protection of catchment areas. Responsibility for is available to accommodate all agriculture (DOWASCO) catchment areas is shared with the Forestry and needs and activities as envisioned in the Minister of Public Wildlife Division. project. Works, Water 20 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (EALCRP) Policy Document Description Relevance to Project Responsibility Resource Management and Ports, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries The outlines the organizational structure and core functions of the Solid Waste Management Corporation, whose functions are inter alia: (a) provided storage facilities for solid waste; (b) procure equipment for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste; (c) provide collection and storage facilities at ports, and anchorages for the reception of ship-generated waste; (d) procure the equipment necessary to transport the ship-generated waste to the final disposal site; (e) convert existing dumps into sanitary landfill sites; (f) develop and manage new sanitary landfill sites and other disposal methods; (g) provide facilities for the treatment and disposal of biomedical and hazardous wastes; (h) introduce measures to encourage recovery of There will be waste generated under recyclable items from solid waste; components A, B and C of project (i) introduce cost recovery methods for services implementation in these agriculture based Dominica Solid provided by the Corporation; investments. Therefore this Act will inform Waste Solid Waste (j) prepare plans and programs to address the the procedures to be followed or can serve as Management Management problems of solid waste management in the State; a guide to the generation of litter and waste Corporation Act (2002) (k) oversee the management of all solid waste management plan for the project. (DSWMC) 21 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) collection and disposal systems in the State, and (l) Manage and direct the implementation of the OECS Waste Management Project and any other regional and international waste management project activities. Waste Classified as Solid Waste Material in the Solid Waste Management Act (2002) which may be encountered throughout the duration of this project include: · Y5 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood preserving chemicals. · Y6 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of organic solvents. · Y12 Waste from production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish. · Y13 Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers, glues/adhesive. · Y46 Wastes collected from households. · Y47 Residue arising from the incineration of household wastes. Commonwealth of Dominica Police Provides the legal framework “to make provision Force for the welfare and safety of the community in Ministry of Emergency cases of disaster and for matters connected The act would inform the conditions under Justice, Powers therewith”. The act defines a disaster and sets out which and the procedure for the proclamation Immigration and (Disaster) the process for the proclamation of an emergency as of an emergency as a result of a disaster and National Security; Act, Act 20 a result of a disaster and the authority which such a that proclamation can trigger restoration of Ministry of of 1987 proclamation gives to the State. the nation livelihood efforts. Agriculture and 22 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Fisheries Seeks to protect the biological diversity and environment of Dominica and the health and safety of people and communities, by preventing or managing the adverse effects of new organisms Dominica developed through modern biotechnology. The Act Biosafety and applies to the development, production, release, Biotechnolog transport, use and application of genetically This act is applicable and will provide y modified organisms (including viruses and guidance because the project will involve Management bacteriophages); the genetic modification of restoration of forest and natural habitats, All relevant Act 2004 organisms; and the use of gene therapy. crops, livestock and fisheries. ministries Dominica Solid Waste Management Corporation (DSWMC) The primary piece of environmental legislation regulating littering in Dominica. It is “an act to Minister of Public make provision for the abatement of nuisances Works, caused by the littering of premises and public places This Act can serve as a guide to preparing a Water Resource The Litter and for purposes connected therewith or incidental litter and waste management plan for Management and Act of 1990 thereto.” restoration of the infrastructure. Ports “An act to make provision for the licensing and professional conduct of land surveyors in the State, As components A and B and even C will Ministry of Land Survey for regulating the execution of land surveys and for from time to time require the services of the Agriculture and Act (2005) matters incidental and connected therewith.” Act to set boundaries on activities expansion Fisheries The Environment An act to make provision for the conversation and The conservation and maintenance of the Environmental al Health maintenance of the environment in the interest of environment in the interest of health must be Health Unit; Services Act health generally and in relation to places frequented taking into consideration when doing any Ministry of 1997 by the public. agricultural development. Agriculture An act relating to the registration of certificates of Title by title to land and matters incidental thereto, and Ministry of Registration includes the issuance of certificates and the transfer Expansion of productivity will use this Act as Agriculture and Act 1980 and transmission of land. a guideline Fisheries Children and The Welfare Young An act that makes provision for the care, It identifies those considered to be vulnerable Division; The Persons supervision and protection of children and young and destitute, how the state responds to their Ministry of Welfare Act persons and for purposes connected therewith. needs, and who is eligible for support. Agriculture and 23 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) of 1990 Fisheries Broad framework which provides the roadmap and guidelines for taking the country to where it out to be by 2030 (in line with the SDGs). The strategy Ministry of integrates climate resilience and disaster risk Planning and National management into its planned national growth and Economic Resilience development goals to achieve a climate-resilient Development; Development and sustainable Dominica. The document outlines It outlines specific long-term resilience Ministry of Strategy specific strategies to help people to address risk, practices to be applied under the agricultural Agriculture and 2018 – 2030 vulnerability, exclusion and poverty. development. Fisheries A comprehensive approach to the resettlement process undertaken by the Government of Dominica after the catastrophic events resulting from the passage of the Tropical Storm (TS) Erika. It aims to respond to the needs of the people affected in an integrated fashion, addressing the anthropic factors that triggered the effects of the disaster, prioritizing the communities on the post-TS Erika Special Disaster Areas. The strategy intends to guide the process to resettle communities and families that Ministry of cannot continue living where they used to live Planning and because the land in which they settled is highly Economic vulnerable to natural hazards. It is a dynamic tool Development; The that establishes the principles and main guidelines Physical Dominica for the resettlement process, assesses the main This strategy sets the guidelines to be Planning Division; Resettlement topics and key issues to be addressed, and drafts a followed in the relocation of citizens affected Strategy broad timeline for its implementation. by disasters. Any infrastructural development to be carried out in the country must be done in accordance Provides the Physical Planning Authorities with the with the Building Code. In agriculture The Physical tools needed for examination of development activities development geared towards Planning Division; proposals to ensure that all developments are in restoration irrigation facilities and promotion Ministry of Building concert with the physical, social and economic of agribusiness will also be guided by this Agriculture and Code 1996 environment of the OECS. Act. Fisheries National Details implementation of policies, processes, The project is aimed at proposing crop, Ministry of the Reducing strategies and activities to avoid forest destruction, livestock and fisheries systems that are ideal Environment, Emissions promote climate change mitigation/adaptation, and for sequestrating carbon as well as low in Climate from contribute to overall sustainable development. GHG emissions. Resilience, 24 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Deforestation Disaster and Forest Management and Degradation Urban Renewal; (REDD+) Ministry of Strategy Agriculture and 2017 Fisheries. The principal instruments for implementing the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity at the national level. The goals are: 1. The conservation and sustainable management of Dominica’s terrestrial and marine biodiversity to ensure intra- and inter-generational equity. National 2. Biodiversity The promotion of sound and sustainable The project will support restoration of Strategy and agricultural practices and technology within forests, natural habits and crop, livestock and Ministry of Action Plan existing agricultural human capital so as to fisheries systems and therefore, this Act will Agriculture and 2001 minimize the loss of agro-biodiversity, and reduce be a useful guide. Fisheries. The Policy seeks to create more support, opportunities and services men and women alike to The National maximize their potential as human beings and as Policy and valuable citizens of the Commonwealth of Action Plan Dominica. It identifies a range of issues, systems This agriculture project must be guided by The Bureau of for Gender and institutions that must take on board the gender this policy and action plan to ensure gender Gender Affairs; Equity and differences between men and women and how they sensitivity and inclusion is taken into Ministry of Equality make use of services if all citizens are to enjoy lives consideration in project implementation, and Agriculture and 2006 free from fear and discrimination. monitoring and evaluation. Fisheries This Plan must be consulted to ensure the Ministry of project is community-led and preserves the Kalinago Affairs; Charts the path for the development of the Kalinago traditional culture and building practices of The Kalinago Kalinago Territory by outlining the issues confronting them the Kalinago community and especially use of Council; Ministry Development and proposing actions to address their own unique the ‘free fair informed consultation’ approach of Agriculture and Plan 1998 cultural, social and economic needs. which ensures broad community support. Fisheries. National Provides direction for issues related to land use Land Use planning in the Commonwealth of Dominica. The This act must be considered when planning Policy and National Land Use Policy sets the foundation for all and executing any agricultural developments Ministry of Action Plan land use decisions and describes how best to as is outlines the best uses for lands in the Agriculture and 2014 manage development to improve quality of life for country. Fisheries. 25 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Dominicans, through economic and social development, protecting human health and safety, and conserving the natural environment. The agriculture project must ensure that it integrates community health consideration Ministry of Health Strategic Charts the course for the health system to address and is aligned with the community health and Social Plan for the challenges we currently face. It seeks to build action plan to advance the entire well-being of Services; Ministry Health 2010 on the milestones achieved and also presents beneficiaries in the target of Agriculture and – 2019 strategies for tackling outstanding challenges. activities/investments. Fisheries Office of Disaster Produced under the provisions of the Emergency Management; Power Act, and works as the overarching Local Government framework to provide strategic direction to disaster Department; National management, operations and training, and under Ministry of Disaster Plan which Government officers can be held accountable Agriculture and of 2001 for disaster responsibilities. Fisheries International treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. The Protocol sets out a mandatory timetable for the Ministry of the phase out of ozone depleting substances. This Environment, Montreal timetable has been reviewed regularly, with phase Climate Protocol out dates accelerated in accordance with scientific Resilience, (Substances understanding and technological advances. It sets Disaster that Deplete binding progressive phase out obligations for Management and the Ozone developed and developing countries for all the The project components A, B and C will Urban Renewal; Layer) major ozone depleting substances, including CFCs, have to apply this Regulation to ensure that Ministry of Regulations, halons and less damaging transitional chemicals activities that may deplete the ozone are not Agriculture and 2010 such as HCFCs supported Fisheries Establishes the National Energy Action Plan of Dominica. The Plan addresses the growing The Sector concerns about the predominance of imported fossil Ministry of Trade, Strategy, fuels in the country’s energy sector and how the Energy and Natural Government intends to address this concern. The Employment; Resources goal of the Plan is to increase the efficiency and This act may serve as a guide to available DOMLEC; and Energy sustainability of energy supply and demand, sources of energy supply for agricultural Ministry of Sector Plan wherever it is economically feasible. investments. Agriculture National Reflects the commitment of the Government of the The agriculture Project must consider water Dominica Water Integration Commonwealth of Dominica to build on previous requirements for new production systems and Sewerage 26 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Water policy development efforts and transition to an Company being introduced and align water footprints to Resources effective governance and technical framework for a national vision to ensure a sustainable, (DOWASCO); Management vital resource – water. The goal is to ensure a adequate and secure water supply for the Minister of Public Policy 2011 sustainable, adequate and secure water supply for country. Works, Water the benefit of all, and guide the development of Resource public policies across all sectors that promote Management and efficient use and equitable distribution of water in Ports; Ministry of an environmentally and economically sound Agriculture and manner. fisheries The Policy aims at fostering and guide a national Ministry of action plan to address short, medium and long term Agriculture and effects of Climate Change while providing the Fisheries; Ministry greatest possible quality of life to the population. of the The Policy seeks to reduce effects of Climate Environment, National Change on the natural environment, on the Climate Climate economy, to human settlements and physical The policy prescribes climate change Resilience, Change infrastructure and on human health. It also aims at adaptation measures that can be incorporated Disaster Adaptation improving knowledge and understanding of Climate both in the civil works and agriculture and Management and Policy 2002 Change, while conducting systematic research. fisheries sub projects. Urban Renewal The goal of the policy is to enhance the capabilities of young people to contribute to the transformation and sustainability of the social and economic landscape of Dominica by addressing their specific Ministry of needs; promoting positive outcomes, opportunities, The Dominican Emergency and Agricultural Agriculture and choices and relationships; and providing the support Livelihoods and Climate Resilience project Fisheries; Ministry National necessary to develop them. It focuses on eight must contribute to and align with the of Youth, Sports Youth Policy strategic priorities for youth development in aspirations of youth, particularly because the and Constituency of 2017 Dominica. program will directly impact them. Empowerment 27 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) B.2 Relevant Sector Policies & Legislation 47. In regards to the types of sub projects proposed under the Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project and the associated environmental and social safeguards policies, the relevant sector legislation is as follows: Table 3: A Table showing the list of sector regulatory framework and relevance to the Project activities Policy Document Description Relevance to Project Responsibility Pesticide Control Act This act provide for Any pesticide to be Pesticides Control the control of the used for agricultural Board importation, sale, and food production storage and use of must be in compliance pesticides. with this act. Plant Protection and This act deals with The importation of Plant Protection and Quarantine Act (1986) the protection of improved and new Quarantine Unit Agricultural plant species for the resources from increase in food dangerous plant and production must animal pest and comply with this act. diseases. The act stipulates the monitoring of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures which sets out the basic rules for food safety and animal and plant health standards. Water Catchment Rules All water catchment Water is one of the Forestry Division, of 1995 are hereby declared most important MAFF to be protected resources and its forest. Prohibited source must be from the protected protected from 28 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) forest are anyone contaminants. The who applies or stores sustainability of pesticides; builds any catchment areas has to hunt tor living places be maintained to or livestock provide for the flora enclosure; burns, cut, and fauna and promote fells removes, takes biodiversity. any forest produce; capture, hunts or kills any bird unless he is a holder of a license to do so; carries out any planting other than reforestation on slopes over twenty degrees. Forestry Act This act provides for This is critical Forestry Division the protection, especially where forest conservation and land (reserves) is management of wild bordering with mammals, freshwater agricultural lands. fishes, amphibian, Care must be taken to crustaceans and avoid the harvesting of reptiles. timber, or land clearing activities or hunting of wildlife. Animal Disease Act An Act to control the In the biological Plant protection and importation of control of insect pest quarantine animals, birds, beneficial insects may reptiles and insects be imported these and to regulate the insects must be free of treatment and disease and or disposal of animals parasites. which are suffering or suspected to be 23 29 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) suffering from disease Water and Sewerage Stipulates that water These are the · Dominica Act (1989) management is regulations which Water and Sewerage vested in guide DOWASCO, Company DOWASCO which who must be consulted (DOWASCO) includes among its with to ensure that Minister of Public functions water adequate water and Works, Water conservation and the sewer capacity is Resource Management preservation and available to and Ports protection of accommodate farming catchment areas. activities. Responsibility for catchment areas is shared with the Forestry and Wildlife Division. The outlines the organizational structure and core functions of the Solid Waste Management Corporation, whose functions are inter alia: All pesticides (a) provided storage products has to facilities for solid dispose of after usage, waste; this act will provide (b) procure guidance. There will equipment for the be waste generated at collection, any developmental transportation and activity. Therefore disposal of solid this Act will inform waste; the procedures to be (k) oversee the followed or can serve management of all as a guide to the solid waste development of litter Dominica Solid Waste Solid Waste collection and and waste Management Management Act disposal systems in management plan for Corporation (2002) the State. the project. (DSWMC) An act to make The conservation and provision for the maintenance of the conversation and environment in the Environmental Health maintenance of the interest of health must · The Environmental Services Act 1997 environment in the be taking into Health Unit 30 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) interest of health consideration when generally and in doing any housing relation to places development. frequented by the public. C. WORLD BANK POLICIES 48. The World Bank policies are based on WB’s Articles of Agreement, General Conditions, and specific policies approved by WB Board. These policies cover a wide range of topics (e.g. environmental and social safeguards, financial terms/conditions of WB loans, and “emergency response, amongst others. Therefore, the environmental and social safeguards policies are mechanisms for integration of environmental and social issues into decision making. These policies provide a set of specialized tools to support development processes and support participatory approaches such as: Citizen Engagement (CE), Gender mainstreaming, Stakeholder Engagement, Social inclusion, Social Accountability and transparency; labour influx, child protection and even strategies towards minimizing gender based violence (GBV). C.1 Relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies 49. Based on the initial screening undertaken of the potential sub-projects investment towards agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience risks are likely to trigger WB safeguards policies. The project is categorized B based on the environmental risks and impacts envisioned which are generally localized, minimal, cost-effective and reversible. It is expected that most of the potential sub-projects will require environmental and social studies and approvals for compliance to Dominican laws and regulations. The following World Bank policies are, therefore, likely to be triggered by the potential sub-projects: 26 31 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Table 4: World Bank Operational Policies (Safeguards policies) triggered for EALCRP No. Environmental and Social Safeguards Triggered OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment OP 4.04 Natural Habitats OP 4.09 Pest Management OP 4.36 Forests OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement 50. OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment: Given the nature of the proposed program, this policy will be triggered. The overall project is classified as Category B, based on the potential level of impact. Individual sub-projects will be screened at settlement/ community level and assigned the appropriate environmental categorization and environmental due diligence will be conducted in accordance with OP 4.01. This policy is triggered because components A and B (and the CERC component) are involved in ‘restoration of productive base for recovery of agricultural livelihoods’ and ‘restoration of key infrastructure in agriculture, livestock and fisheries’ respectively and therefore some of the anticipated risks and impacts may include: (i pollution of water bodies and surrounding environment including ground waters from use of agrochemicals in crop and livestock systems; (ii due to expanded production and intensification systems, loss of natural resource cleared or reclaimed; soil erosion; and declining soil productivity; (iii Due to the damage caused on infrastructure and livelihoods where communities are highly vulnerable to waterborne diseases. Through environmental and social screening, suitable and specific mitigation measures will be prescribed in specific ESMPs. 51. OP 4.04 Natural Habitats: The Commonwealth of Dominica will be trying to restore natural habitats as a result of the damage caused by the Hurricane Maria. The beneficiaries under the project components A and B are expected to engage in activities/investments towards restoration of the natural habitats and therefore, care should be taken not to: (i introduce alien’s species; (ii omit restoration of endangered species both animal and plant; (iii avoid restoration of critical habitats or protected areas. This policy is therefore triggered. Community level screening of investments will identify risks and negative impacts including issues on environmental health and safety (EHS -annex 18), if any, and prepare mitigation measures suitable to the area. This project will also rehabilitate the damaged forests and so OP 4.36 Forests, and therefore the policy is triggered. Here care should be taken to avoid introducing alien species. A simple forest management plan is annexed in the ESMF to guide restoration of the destroyed forest by hurricane Maria. 52. Though project component A; OP 4.09 Pest Management is triggered because agrochemicals in crop and livestock systems will be used. It is planned that (i) an integrated pest management plan will be formulated as an ESMF annex; (ii) agrochemicals to be used will be screened so that they meet WB 32 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) requirements; (iii) all users will be sensitized and capacity build on how to use the agrochemicals and also ensure guided M&E for reporting and compliance (iv) Cautious use of chemicals, both fertilizers and pesticides will be enforced either to minimize or prevent eutrophication among other negative impacts. 53. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources (PCR): PCR of various types are present in the project area. It is considered unlikely that impacts to such resources will be significant; nonetheless, massive infrastructural restoration as a result of the hurricane Maria and this may result in interference with the physical cultural resources of GoCD. This policy is therefore triggered. And so, to guide in mitigation within the ESMF a Physical Cultural Resources Plan is annexed. 54. OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement: This project is not envisaged to cause physical relocation and therefore resettlement of beneficiaries but what is likely to happen is unexpected impacts as a result of increased and intensified crop, livestock and fisheries systems that may interfere with household incomes. And so, the policy is triggered. 55. OP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples: The Dominican Emergency agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience project has a nation-wide coverage. In Kalinago Territory there is a community that meets the requirements of OP 4.10 and so, this policy is triggered and the GoCD will prepare a standalone indigenous peoples plan (IPP). C.2 Comparison between the National Regulations and World Bank Policies 56. Where the National and WB requirements or standards differ, the more stringent requirements prevail (might be national, might be WB). However, where WB policies and national laws conflict, WB policies prevail for projects with WB financing (even for project components financed by GoCD or others). This is to say that legally the Loan Agreement with WB has a standing of international treaty, superseding national law. D. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES D.1 Environmental and Social Baseline Data 57. Environmental and Social, baseline data, and major environment and social issues to consider: Dominica’s economy depends predominantly on agriculture and tourism. Poverty remains a pervasive development issue, with a poverty headcount of 28.8 percent at the time of the last Country Poverty Assessment (CPA) conducted in 2009. 58. Geology and Topography: Dominica is part of the wider Antillean Arc of islands that are geologically young. There are nine active volcanoes on Dominica, which give the island its rugged topography. A chain of mountains extends from the center to the south, creating ridges and steep river valleys. Gently sloping lands are restricted to narrow coastal strips along approximately ninety (90) miles of coastline. The rocks of Dominica are almost entirely of volcanic origin, other than recent alluvium along river valleys and reworked beach deposits along some coastlines. The oldest rocks pose unique challenges for slope stability because of their high clay content and easily erodible nature, which increase local landslide hazard level and therefore requires a bit more of soil stabilization. In order to 33 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) solve the serious problems caused by unsuitable management to sustain volcanic soils, crop rotation, soil amelioration, precision agriculture and programed fertilizer regimes must be encouraged. 59. Geo-hazards: Dominica’s climatic and geophysical context give rise to many natural hazards: hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic activity, drought, flooding, and landslides. The effects of these phenomena can be exacerbated by human activity such as deforestation, indiscriminate waste disposal, poor building practices, and unplanned settlements in environmentally sensitive areas. The project should aim at an integrated approach in all envisioned investments. 60. Hurricanes: The Island has experienced several damaging hurricanes and tropical storms since formal monitoring began in the 1970s: Hurricane David (1979), Hurricane Luis (1995), Hurricane Dean (2007), tropical storm Erika (2015), and Hurricane Maria (2017). These events damaged buildings, agricultural outputs, and road infrastructure. During hurricanes, coastal zones are vulnerable to storm surge of 3-5 meters, causing flooding and soil erosion from violent sea waves. Dominica was an important producer and exporter of vegetables, tubers and fruits such as bananas. Therefore, the destruction caused by Maria has not only compromised the national economy and food security but also manifested its effects in other countries of the region that usually rely on importing food from Dominica. 61. Agricultural impacts include depletion of standing crops, agricultural stations, a 250-acre coconut plantation, agricultural equipment and machinery. In addition, the livestock subsector was affected with losses of small and larger animals as well as shelter facilities. During the passage of the storm, many fishing boats, gears and other equipment were lost and destroyed, negatively affecting the fisheries sector. 34 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 62. Slope Stability and Landslides: Most landslides and soil erosion events are triggered by heavy rainfall, even outside of hurricane season. The number and density of landslides generated island-wide can be linked to the magnitude of tropical storms/hurricanes and high intensity precipitation. An inventory of landslides post-Maria recorded a total of 9,960 landslides triggered by the hurricane. The total landslide area was 10.30 km2, which amounts to 1.37 percent of the island. The landslide source area was 3.30km2, and the remaining 7.0 km2 was transportation and deposition. Quarrying is another activity that leaves the land barren and susceptible to soil movements. 63. Deforestation and soil type found in the area both of which provide proneness to ground movement and therefore it’s always important to determine the soil type, it would give an indication of what type of foundation you would need to have to decrease the impact of soil movement. To reduce impacts on landslides the following may be applied as mitigation measures: (i) Public education- public education initiatives would increase the populace awareness of the hazard and what they can do to mitigate against it. Such initiatives would make people better aware of the risks that they face, especially those that live in high risk areas; (ii) Build retaining walls in areas that are prone to landslides; (iii) Policies regarding the use of proper building codes when constructing structures should be enforced; (vi) Provide incentives and monetary help to special needs individuals so that they improve on their resilience abilities. 64. Soils, fertility and drainage: Landslides stripped the soil of productivity and sedimentation, and which resulted in siltation of rivers, and debris obstructed natural drainage and waterways. Dominica faces increased landslide hazards as these fresh scarps are more easily eroded and debris flows will likely be triggered by substantially lower rainfall thresholds than before the hurricane. 65. The workability of the soils, therefore, should be improved in terms of undertaking an emergency campaign for tidal surge soil salinity assessment. This is followed by leaching with fresh water. In the case of the most hurricane affected areas, this will only occur with rainfall or flooding from irrigation water (not practiced). Leaching removal of salt out of the upper soil profile will occur most readily in sandier soils with good drainage. A more effective means of reducing salinity in these soils is through the dissolution of soil salts and overland flow of salt containing water to drainage ways. This method of salinity reduction requires that farm edges and existing ditches and drainage ways are clear of debris. 66. Forest and Trees: Hurricane Maria damaged forest cover dramatically and many tree trunks remain on slopes or blocking river channels. Without the protection of vegetation, shallow landslides are more likely. A series of cascading hazards may happen, for example landslides or debris flow blocking rivers and resulting in outburst floods. And so, trees subjected to environmental stresses or injuries are usually more vulnerable to damage caused by insects, fungi and diseases. Storm-damaged trees are prime targets for a host of destructive insects and diseases. 67. Earthquakes: Dominica’s seismic hazards result from tectonic and volcanic activity. Dominican earthquakes of a magnitude large enough to be recorded by seismographs on nearby islands occur at an average rate of 1-2 per year. A major earthquake of magnitude 6.5 in 2007 collapsed a church tower in Portsmouth and resulted in the damage of at least twenty houses. 68. Volcanoes: Dominica’s active volcanoes present a continuous hazard. The last recorded eruption was a 1997 steam (phreatic) eruption in the Valley of Desolation, near the active Boiling Lake, but the last eruption of lava occurred approximately 500 years ago. 35 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 69. Climate: Dominica’s climate is classified as tropical maritime with dominant influences fro m the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and northeasterly trade winds. It is characterized by consistently warm year-round temperatures with a daytime average of 26.5 degrees Celsius in coastal areas and 20 degrees Celsius in mountainous areas, while night-time temperatures range from 18-22 Celsius on the coast to 10-12 Celsius at higher elevations. 70. Rainfall patterns display annual and locational variability as the mountainous terrain creates several micro-climates. Rainfall is distributed between a dry season from December to May and a rainy season from June to November, which is also the hurricane season. Dominica’s annual rainfall totals exceed 10,000mm (400 inches) in some of the higher elevations. Relative humidity remains high throughout the year, averaging above 85%. The western Caribbean coast is in the rain shadow, where average rainfall is significantly less than in interior locations. High rainfall makes the island susceptible to landslides particularly in mountainous areas. 71. Biological Resources: Dominica is host to valuable biodiversity, including 1,200+ species of plants, and the most diverse assemblage of wildlife in the eastern Caribbean, including 175 species of avifauna. The Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2006) provide an excellent reference document and bibliography of these resources. 72. Dominica has a forest area of 45,000 hectares, more than half of the island’s 75,000 hectare land area, with a variety of vegetation types. Since 1975, an extensive system of national protected areas has provided protection for approximately 20% of the national territory and constitutes a significant carbon sink. Protected areas include designated Forest Reserves and National Parks, which are also recognized as Important Bird Areas (IBAs). Ocean and coastal resources include two protected marine areas on the north and south ends of the island. Human Settlements Land Use – The generalized land cover of Dominica places the use of land into 4 land use classes: agriculture, protected areas, rainforest, and settlements; water catchment and coastal zones (Figure 1). The settlements are concentrated near the coastline with a few in the interior of the island and this mirrors agricultural activities/zones as Dominican agriculture is widespread across the country. The protected areas encompass the greater 36 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Figure 1: Land Use Map, 2018 37 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) D.2 Sector Specific Project Environmental and Social Impacts by Component Table 5: A table on sector specific environmental and social impacts by component Potential environmental / Social issues A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues Component A Environmental Issues (i)Formulate an integrated pest management plan. (ii)Screen the agrochemicals to be used so that they meet WB requirements. (iii)Sensitize and capacity build all users and Polluting water bodies and ensure guided M&E for reporting and compliance (iv) surrounding environment including Cautious use of chemicals, both fertilizers and pesticides ground waters from use of because this way the project would either minimize or agrochemicals in crop and livestock prevent eutrophication, groundwater contamination, nitrate systems accumulation, and check pesticide resistance in non-target Whenever new or rehabilitated species which can result from excessive or indiscriminate lands are brought into agricultural application of these agrochemicals. production, there are major impacts, ESMP must be able to suggest mitigation measures Pollution from use of and some of these are irreversible: including soil conservation and sustainable land agrochemicals loss of the natural resource cleared management practices intended to maintain productivity; Land clearance and or reclaimed; soil erosion; declining minimize environmental damage from loss of vegetative reclamation for cultivation soil productivity; cover, increased runoff, soil erosion and siltation. Intensification of production on The project has developed an integrated pest management existing agricultural land like its plan which an annex of the ESMF being proposed in this project comes with harmful impacts from overuse of fertilizers and agrochemicals because rotational farming may not be practical with Agricultural intensification small land. 38 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues Project component A and B support also promotion of fish systems including agribusiness and therefore Monitoring of sub projects should be done in order to highly concentrated aquaculture identify some of these issues in advance and mitigate operations can pose potential water appropriately. The project ESMF will describe some Aquaculture pollution pollution problems. mitigation measures Sustainability Components A and B will call for (a Adopt activities that minimize soil and nutrient strategies on sustainability in the Loss; (b Balance inputs with desired harvests; (c Strengthen project investments in the crop, the links between the farmer, fisher folk and extension and livestock and fisheries systems. research; (d ensure that the ESMP details all these mitigation measures. Coastal and marine life Pollution of marine waters as a Community interventions/activities to be guided by specific including fish result of heavy infrastructural ESIAs where necessary rehabilitation Effluent disposal from crop Component A. sub component A.3 Effluents can be profitably recycled. This is especially true processing Promotes agribusiness amongst for effluents which are valuable sources of nutrients for small – medium size farmers and growing crops and livestock as feeds. Prevention or fisher folk through promotion of mitigation of these impacts is relatively easy and should be agricultural producer organizations standard procedures which must be spelt out in the project (APOs). The expansion of the ESMP. production systems will come along with enhanced agribusiness activities which most likely will yield effluent that must be mitigated Social Issues Inadequate consultation on Informed public participation in the Append a detailed stakeholder analysis, mapping and proposed investments environmental and social review engagement plan as well as a robust public consultation process encompasses consultation process in the condensed Project ESMF. with those both directly and 34 39 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues indirectly involved. Beneficiaries as persons who are directly affected but also other stakeholders who may have critical information on the project – case of component B – restoration of key agricultural infrastructure for example in irrigation. Induced development and other Due to the hurricane Maria, a lot of The project has developed abbreviated resettlement action sociocultural aspects activities on development are bound plan guidelines appended in the ESMF to occur resulting in either resettlements or relocations Negative impact on women's Fisheries, livestock development, (a avoid increasing women burden in the production livelihoods and status and irrigation projects which are all systems; (b do not introduce technologies that will reduce proposed in project can have women’s access to assets and income or where women lose negative impact on women's labour and its proceeds. livelihoods and status when interventions increase women's burden without providing them additional assets or income. Inadequate targeting, inclusion Component A restoration of (a undertake a broad project sensitization program so that and weak participation of the production systems – crop, livestock the communities are clear on the project; (b agree on criteria beneficiaries and fisheries will involve for targeting on all project benefits; (c involve the demonstrations and trainings communities at all levels of decision-making; (d let the targeting beneficiaries. The choice communities drive their development agenda/activities; (e of which farmer to host a delivery of technology and extension services must also be demonstration, for example, must be focused; (f all project processes must consulted and guided by a set criteria formulated disclosed appropriately as per the World Bank policy and agreed upon between all the requirement. 35 40 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Potential environmental / Social issues A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues stakeholders; this goes also for the training nominations for the farmers; targeting for the farm inputs and other production benefits by the project Failing to mainstream gender Under project Components A and B (a safeguards instruments describe how these community and other vulnerable groups a careful consideration for benefits groups should be involved for project benefits in order to to all must be factored including avoid discrimination in terms of: age, gender, ethnicity, gender and vulnerable individuals physical, mental or other disability, social, civic or health and communities. status, gender, economic status or other factor; (b for the Kalinago community – use FPIC approach to ensure that farmers who meet the eligibility criteria participate and receive the benefits packages and technical assistance. Failing to undertake an The project’s communication and (a Emphasize a project communication strategy that will appropriate citizen engagement outreach strategy will be the key ensure: an ongoing communications around selection of (CE) tool for citizen engagement, with beneficiaries in a transparent manner, and during project emphasis on early outreach to key implementation; (b The strategy will include specific stakeholder groups before start-up engagement with the Kalinago community through their activities council (FPIC); (c hold periodic M&E as well as review meetings to get project implementation feedback; Failing to set up a project The Dominican Emergency (a sensitize the all target communities on the need for this grievance redress system Agricultural Livelihoods and GRM; (b The project should constitute the GRM (GRM) Climate Resilience project is committees at all levels of project implementation; (c nationwide. This coverage is project to train and empower all committees so that they dynamic based on the fact that most play their roles responsibly; d) the ESMF has annexes 5 people are in need of restoration and and 6 on how to establish a GRM; therefore, regular tracks and keeping updated all complaints received through the project specific 36 41 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Potential environmental / Social issues A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues grievance redress system will be key - status of each complaint, and data on timeliness and volume of complaints addressed speedily and satisfactorily. Component B Environmental Issues Biodiversity The Commonwealth of Dominica (i) formulate a biodiversity management plan to ensure that will be trying to restore the forests, all interventions are focused (this is part of the ESMF) natural habitats and even crop and livestock systems as a result of the damage caused by the Hurricane Maria. And therefore, care should be taken not to: (i introduce aliens species; (ii omit restoration of endangered species both animal and plant; (avoid restoration of critical habitats or protected areas Massive infrastructural This may come about interfering Establish a Physical Cultural Resources Plan as part of the restoration as a result of the with the physical cultural resources ESMF hurricane Maria of GoCD Natural hazards (volcanic The hurricane Maria caused havoc Investments should be based on their resilience to activity, hurricane, to the agriculture sector such hazards earthquakes, floods) Occupational Health and Due to the damage caused on A formal OHS Plan is recommended to be appended on the Safety infrastructure, livelihoods and ESMF housing, the communities are living 37 42 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) A. Potential Environmental Description Mitigation measures issues below par – are highly vulnerable to waterborne diseases thus affecting the quantity and quality of labour available for agriculture Destruction of irrigation This project has a component B that Prioritization of needs and assessing viability of sub systems and other agricultural aims at restoration of infrastructure projects through cost-benefit analysis (CBA) infrastructure. part of it being irrigation system that may have been destroyed by the Hurricane Maria Social Issues labor Influx impacts Component B –restoration of key Appropriate mitigation measures will be included in productive infrastructure and the specific ESMPs institutional strengthening will have some civil works undertaken and this may have labour influx associated with it Component C Social Issues Failing to set up community The project is entirely on restoration Establish community implementation structures to channel based implementation of community livelihoods and project support efforts and empower the communities on structures therefore public consultations, their expected roles. communication and active involvement is key to deliver the PDO 43 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) D.3 Project Environmental Impacts, Risks and Mitigation Measures Negative Impacts and Risks 75. Waste generation from support to restoration of cropping, livestock and fisheries systems including both promotion of agribusiness (processing and packaging) and restoration of agricultural infrastructure pose a significant threat to the environment, if disposed of improperly. It is imperative that guidelines are developed and communicated for each subproject to ensure debris, effluent and waste are disposed of in a responsible and timely manner according to both national and World Bank regulations and Policies. There is the risk that the infrastructural restoration will generate solid waste that will not be properly disposed of due to inadequate waste management systems. The subprojects design will outline proper solid waste management techniques for the disposal of debris, effluent and infrastructural waste. 76. Adopting a condensed ESM Framework approach to meeting the National and WB safeguards requirements at the overall project level was chosen because some beneficiary subprojects and locations are not known at the and also the other policies are triggered as a precautionary measure. Some of these proposed environmental and social safeguard instruments are as below (Table 6): Table 6: Proposed project environmental and social instruments by World Bank Policy triggered Safeguard Relevant Framework Tools At Implementation Triggered OP 4.01 – Condensed Environmental Environmental and social Environmental and Social Management screening checklist; ESMPs, Assessment Framework (ESMF) ESAs; ARAPs OP 4.36 – Forest management Plan as a Guidelines annexed in the ESMF Forest section in the ESMF OP 4.04 – Natural habitats management Annexed in the ESMF as Natural Habitats plan annexed in the ESMF guidelines 44 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) OP 4.09 – Pest Integrated Pest Management Project IPMP Management Plan (IPMP) –ESMF annex 15 OP 4.11 – PCR plan as annex 8 in the Guidelines on PCR Plan annexed Physical Cultural ESMF in the ESMF Resources OP 4.12 – No physical displacement of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Involuntary communities in the project. Plan (ARAPs) guidelines Resettlement Therefore RPF is not a annexed requirement. However, within the ESMF is an abbreviated RAP guidelines just in case (Annex 2, 2b), OP 4.10 An Indigenous Peoples Plan IPP because the indigenous people Indigenous Peoples (IPP) is formulated as a in this case they are known and standalone instrument to even their locality is known. guide project implementation and inclusion of the Kalinago community who meet the requirements of World Bank OP 4.10. 77. Deforestation - Particularly for reconstruction of timber homes in the Kalinago Territory, great care must be taken to source timber sustainably and minimize disturbance to the rainforest ecosystem, as Dominica is home to extensive undisturbed primary forest and many endemic plant and animal species. And therefore, agriculture projects must work very closely with the Forestry Division. 78. Soil erosion and landslide - Some erosion during cultivation will occur temporarily as a result of excavation, tilling or other soil disturbances. Unplanned or indiscriminate land clearing, excavation, and poor drainage can result in soil erosion and landslides in steep sloping areas; resulting in siltation and pollution of rivers and water bodies. The project will adopt good international husbandry practices. 79. Soil contamination - During application of agrochemicals, there is a likelihood of chemical drifting and increased risk of accidental spills of agrochemicals causing poisoning of many life forms that derive their food chain on land/soils. 80. Water pollution - Surface water (rivers), groundwater, and coastal/marine waters may be contaminated by improper utilization or storage of agricultural chemicals that are toxic or hazardous and therefore pesticide screening will be done and according to the project IPMP which is an annex to the ESMF in a separate volume. 45 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 81. Loss of Biodiversity - Indiscriminate land clearing and excavation for expanded cropping, livestock and fisheries systems: could destroy flora and fauna and pollute the area, and possibly damage natural resources. 82. Loss of Physical Cultural Resources – component C will strive to support agricultural infrastructural development and therefore unplanned or unintentional destruction of historic buildings, religious or culturally significant sites, could result in the loss of valuable physical cultural resources. 83. Ponding/irrigation schemes - Project activities such as dry land fishing and irrigation systems could lead to creation of stagnant water around and near the households. Stagnant water bodies create suitable conditions for breeding of mosquitoes and other disease vectors. Presently, in Dominica there is concern over the breeding of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito and increased incidence of Dengue Fever, Zika, and Chikungunya. Noise Pollution - The use of noise producing equipment in restoration of agricultural infrastructure can be a potential nuisance to the local community. It may also be a disturbance for animal species. 84. Air Pollution - Air quality could be negatively impacted locally during civil works due to an increase in suspended particles (dust) and CO2 emissions from excavation or movement of heavy machinery and trucks over unpaved roads. 85. Community Health and Safety - There may be hazards to the community health and safety of workers and farmers, in the area related to improper use, storage, and disposal of hazardous agrochemicals and waste. This may lead to pollution of water bodies and consequently endangering community health and safety. In such instances, for workers on project investments appropriate respirators, goggles, gloves and other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) including protective boots should be worn. For communities, the project should sensitize them on the expected hazards so that they adopt caution under the envisioned investments. Social Risks / Impacts and Mitigation - 86. Stakeholder Consultation and Screening: Inadequate consultations with vulnerable groups, including Indigenous Peoples, women, and other marginalized groups, may lead to low participation in project activities. Ineffective mechanisms for beneficiary targeting and information dissemination may lead to exclusion of marginalized groups from project benefits. These risks will be mitigated through a clear and transparent selection process, robust and inclusive information communication campaign, and an agile Complaints, Grievances and Feedback System. 87. Political and governance: This risk is rated high, considering the urgency to provide housing to people as quickly as possible and potential challenges of expedited targeting and processing of beneficiaries. As mitigation measures, the project will: (i) closely monitor project progress through an MIS to ensure transparency and accountability, (ii) set and strictly apply clear eligibility criteria; (iii) publicly disclose information on the call for applications and selected beneficiaries. 88. Involuntary Resettlement will not be undertaken in this project - the project does not envisage physical displacement of individuals or communities. And therefore, in case of any incidence, an ARAP guidelines are appended here in this ESMF. 89. Another potential risk lies in inadequate consultation and communication with the Kalinago community, which in turn may result in inadvertent exclusion of group members and few benefits reaching the community. The governance structure of this community differs from the rest of the country and the project staff must bear this in mind when devising strategies for engagement throughout the project implementation. The project may employ the following mitigation measures to engage with the Kalinago community: (i) establish a close working relationship with the Kalinago Territory Council and the Ministry of Kalinago Affairs; (ii) develop communication 46 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) strategies that focus on using prevalent indigenous communication channels; (iii) develop eligibility criteria that targets indigenous people; (iv) provide support in setting up bank accounts and access to low-interest loans; and target the indigenous people while providing training opportunities. 90. Individuals with disabilities and the elderly: Disasters tend to have a greater negative impact on those who are more vulnerable including persons who are physically or mentally challenged. Prior to the hurricane, these persons may have already been challenged with accessing resources through targeting, and the aftermath of the disaster may have exacerbated challenges due to inter alia the failed agricultural infrastructure. They may face additional challenges in accessing agricultural inputs and technologies. The project proposes to prioritize households with vulnerable groups in the beneficiary selection process. In addition to challenges accessing physical resources, persons with disabilities and the elderly may also have limited access to information, which limits access and decision-making opportunities. This may stem from poor communication (disrupted or limited communication channels), particularly for those with visual or hearing impairments. Furthermore, access to agricultural inputs and technology could be a challenge which needs to be addressed in the targeting of beneficiaries. 91. In the aftermath of a disaster, elderly citizens face additional challenges in accessing livelihood opportunities. They often have restricted mobility in accessing post disaster recovery activities. Furthermore, an increased number of orphans will create a new burden for surviving elderly guardians who must now care for these children. The agriculture project expects to have positive impacts on these individuals. However, there is a risk that these groups could be inadvertently excluded from direct benefits. Measures that can help mitigate such risks are eligibility criteria set for the grants, inclusive consultations, an accessible communications strategy, and additional support provided during project implementation. In this case, possible mitigation measures include: Hold consultations in easily accessible areas; Develop communications strategies that make use of a variety of channels for those with vision or hearing impairments; Facilitate opening of bank accounts (this might require relaxing requirements for some identification documents); Provide them with additional technical assistance (demonstrations, FFS trainings, certified quality seeds and planting materials, fertilizers, etc.) for components A and B; 92. According to the 2011 Census, 39.2 percent of households in Dominica are female-headed. In most cases these are also single parent families, where women are the main breadwinners. It is likely that more women will be caretakers to dependents, and may not have as much time or mobility to undertake the activities related to self-nomination for the Emergency agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience project, project consultations, and fulfilling the requirements of selected beneficiaries. Additionally, there is risk that women may be taken advantage of by unscrupulous service providers. The recommended mitigation measures include: Target female-headed households during the social mobilization process and provide them with additional technical assistance during targeting for agro-inputs, fertilizers and technological packages for restoration of productivity; target communication and awareness to women: schedule consultations at times and locations accessible to caring for dependents and provide technical training to women so that they can oversee the construction of their homes. Positive impacts: 93. All targeted beneficiaries: smallholder, medium and commercial farmers and the fisher folk will all have their livelihoods supported and restored. The availability of targeted agro-inputs packages 47 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) will not only make it easy for communities to produce but also expand the production volumes. This will also be an opportunity to improve not only production systems but also household incomes thus reducing national poverty levels. 94. Indigenous People: Indigenous Peoples (IPs), known as Kalinago People in Dominica, account for about 4 percent of the total population of Dominica. The Kalinago Territory comprises of 3700 acres, and straddles the Marigot, Salybia and Castle Bruce constituencies. The 2010 Country Poverty Assessment found that poverty was over-represented amongst the Kalinago population at 49%, compared to the national average of 28.8%. In addition to higher poverty rates, the Kalinago Territory experienced higher rates of property damage with approximately 69% of the residential properties in the area either destroyed (55%) or have major damage (14%), compared to the rest of the country where 19% of residential structures were destroyed and 26% experienced major damage. The Kalinago Territory is governed by the elected seven-person Kalinago Territory Council, which is led by the Kalinago Chief who also serves as the Council Chairman. Persons are recognized as official residents of the Territory if they meet at least one of the following criteria: a. Persons are born within the boundaries of the Kalinago Territory; b. At least one parent is of Kalinago decent; and c. Must have lawfully resided within the Kalinago Territory for at least 12 years. All this goes for a robust consultation with the Kalinago community so that they benefit wholly from the project. 48 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) D.4 Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Plan Table 7: Envisioned Project environmental and social risks and impacts by Component No. Risk/impact Mitigation measures Time Responsible Period party Component A Environmental Risks/Impacts 1 Pollution from use of (i)Formulate an integrated pest management plan. Project MAFF/PIU/CSU agrochemicals (ii)Screen the agrochemicals to be used so that they meet cycle WB requirements. (iii)Sensitize and capacity build all users and ensure guided M&E for reporting and compliance (iv) Cautious use of chemicals, both fertilizers and pesticides because this way the project would either minimize or prevent eutrophication, groundwater contamination, nitrate accumulation, and check pesticide resistance in non-target species which can result from excessive or indiscriminate application of these agrochemicals. 2 Land clearance and ESMP must be able to suggest mitigation measures Project MAFF/CSU reclamation for including soil conservation and sustainable land cycle cultivation management practices intended to maintain productivity; minimize environmental damage from loss of vegetative cover, increased runoff, soil erosion and siltation. 44 49 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 3 Agricultural The project has developed an integrated pest management Project MAFF/CSU intensification plan which an annex of the ESMF; sensitize the cycle communities to adopt 4 Aquaculture pollution Monitoring of sub projects should be done in order to Project MAFF/CSU identify some of these issues in advance and mitigate cycle appropriately. The project ESMF will describe some mitigation measures 5 Sustainability (a Adopt activities that minimize soil and nutrient Project MAFF/CSU Loss; (b Balance inputs with desired harvests; (c Strengthen cycle the links between the farmer, fisher folk and extension and research; (d ensure that the ESMP details all these mitigation measures. 6 Coastal and marine life Community interventions/activities to be guided by specific Project MAFF/CSU including fish ESIAs/ESMPs where necessary cycle 7 Loss of crop harvest or (a Establish strategies to curb both Post harvest losses and Project MAFF/CSU livestock and by- train communities cycle products/impact on tenant crop 8 Increased susceptibility IPMP formulated and appended in the ESMF; sensitize the Project MAFF/CSU to disease communities and capacity build them on the best ways to cycle curb influx of pests and diseases Social Risks/Impacts 9 Inadequate consultation Append a detailed stakeholder analysis, mapping and Project MAFF/CSU on proposed investments engagement plan as well as a robust public consultation start up process in the condensed Project ESMF. days 10 Induced development The project has developed abbreviated resettlement action Project MAFF/CSU and other sociocultural plan guidelines appended in the ESMF Initial days aspects 11 Negative impact on (a) Avoid increasing women burden in the production Project MAFF/CSU women's systems; (b) do not introduce technologies that will cycle 45 50 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) livelihoods and status reduce women’s access to assets and income or where women lose labour and its proceeds. 12 Inadequate targeting, (a) undertake a broad project sensitization program so that Heavy at MAFF/CSU inclusion and weak the communities are clear on the project; (b) agree on project participation of the criteria for targeting on all project benefits; (c) involve the start up beneficiaries communities at all levels of decision-making; (d) let the continue communities drive their development agenda/activities; (e) throughout delivery of technology and extension services must also be project life focused; (f) all project processes must consulted and disclosed appropriately as per the World Bank policy requirement (g) include physically challenged individuals and the elderly. 13 Failing to mainstream (a) safeguards instruments describe how these community Project MAFF/CSU gender and other groups should be involved for project benefits in order to initial days vulnerable groups avoid discrimination in terms of: age, gender, ethnicity, physical, mental or other disability, social, civic or health status, gender, economic status or other factor; (b) for the Kalinago community – use FPIC approach to ensure that farmers who meet the eligibility criteria participate and receive the benefits packages and technical assistance. 14 Failing to undertake an (a) Emphasize a project communication strategy that will Project MAFF/CSU appropriate citizen ensure: an ongoing communications around selection of cycle engagement (CE) beneficiaries in a transparent manner, and during project implementation; (b) The strategy will include specific engagement with the Kalinago community through their council (FPIC); (c) hold periodic M&E as well as review meetings to get project implementation feedback; 51 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 15 Failing to set up a project (a) sensitize the all target communities on the need for this Project MAFF/CSU grievance redress system GRM; (b) The project should constitute the GRM cycle (GRM) committees at all levels of project implementation; (c) project to train and empower all committees so that they play their roles responsibly; (d) the ESMF has annexes 5 and 6 on how to establish a GRM; 16 Land-take or Physical ESMF has guidelines on how to handle this case – Initial MAFF/CSU relocation of the Abbreviated RAP guidelines project communities/individuals days Component B Environmental Risks/Impacts 17 Biodiversity (i) Formulate a biodiversity management plan to ensure that Project MAFF/CSU all interventions are focused. cycle 18 Effluent disposal from Effluents can be profitably recycled. This is especially true Project MAFF/CSU crop processing for effluents which are valuable sources of nutrients for cycle growing crops and livestock as feeds. Prevention or mitigation of these impacts is relatively easy and should be standard procedures which must be spelt out in the project ESMP. 19 Massive infrastructural Establish a Physical Cultural Resources Plan as part of the Project MAFF/CSU restoration as a result of ESMF cycle the hurricane Maria 20 Natural hazards Investments should be based on their resilience to such Project MAFF/CSU (volcanic activity, hazards cycle hurricane, earthquakes, floods) 21 Occupational Health and A formal EHS Plan is appended on the ESMF Project MAFF/CSU Safety cycle 47 52 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 22 Construction of (a) prioritization of needs and assessing viability of sub Project MAFF/CSU irrigation systems and projects through cost-benefit analysis (CBA) cycle other agricultural infrastructure. 23 Waste generation Guidelines are developed and communicated; Develop Project MAFF/CSU ESMPs; proper solid waste management techniques for the cycle disposal of debris, effluent and infrastructural waste outlined 24 Deforestation Establish afforestation strategies Project MAFF/CSU cycle 25 Soil erosion and (a)Adopt planned land clearing, and excavation to avoid Project MAFF/CSU landslides soil erosion; (b) empower the beneficiaries through cycle trainings and demonstrations 26 Soil /water (a) Avoid chemical drifting and accidental spills of Project MAFF/CSU contamination agrichemicals through adopting IPMP guidelines; cycle (b) IPMP provides guidelines on procurement, use and disposal of pesticides 27 Loss of Physical Project MAFF/CSU Cultural Resources cycle 28 Air Pollution Establish a Traffic management plan within the ESMP Project MAFF/CSU cycle 29 Community Health and To be captured in the ESMPs Project MAFF/CSU Safety cycle 30 Inadequate consultations Establish a detailed stakeholder mapping, analysis and Project MAFF/CSU with vulnerable groups, establish a stakeholder consultation plan cycle including Indigenous Peoples, women, and other marginalized groups 31 Political and governance (i) Closely monitor project progress through an MIS to Project MAFF/CSU capture ensure transparency and accountability, (ii) set and strictly cycle apply clear eligibility criteria; (iii) publicly disclose 48 53 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) information on the call for applications and selected beneficiaries. Social RISKS/Impacts 32 Labor Influx impacts (a appropriate mitigation measures will be included in the Project MAFF/CSU specific ESMPs cycle Component C Social Risks/Impacts 33 Failing to set up Establish community implementation structures to channel Initial days MAFF/CSU community based project support efforts and empower the communities on of the implementation their expected roles. project structures 54 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) E. Environment and Social Management Framework and other relevant instruments E.1 ESMF Scope, purpose and methodology 96. The purpose of thee ESMF is to guide in screening of proposed sub projects, identify specific environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the proposed sub projects, establish mitigation measures and how to operationalize, including specific safeguards instruments, principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to meet the needs of the people who may be affected by the various sub-projects. The ESMF, therefore, is prepared to guide and govern the subprojects that are selected for financing and sets out the elements that will be common to all subprojects that will entail mitigation measures. 97. The ESMF will present: (a) the relevant National policies and legal frameworks pertaining to both environmental and social regulation in development projects and especially agriculture and related sectors; (b) anticipate the potential project environmental and social impacts and provide mitigation provisions; (c) eligibility criteria for targeting and support to the beneficiaries; (d) in case of economic displacement on the beneficiaries what to do; (e) implementation and monitoring of the various environmental and social plans prepared under this project; (f) consultation and information disclosure requirements during project implementation. 98. This ESMF and other instruments have been prepared under OP 10.0 para 12 because this was triggered and the safeguards preparation and disclosure was deferred until now when a condensed ESMF is required as per the Safeguards Action Plan (SAP) and as per the agreement with the government. The World Bank Policies requires that all the environmental and social frameworks and related instruments must be disclosed as separate and stand-alone reports by the client and the World Bank (where applicable). For the ESMF and other instruments in this project (ESMF/IPMP/ARAP/IPP) and disclosure of these documents should be both in locations where it can be accessed by the general public, stakeholders and at the World Bank Ex-ternal Website. This ESMF provides a screening process for all types of proposed civil works, other investments including screening for the presence of the indigenous peoples to identify relevant environmental and social issues and risks, as well as environmental and social enhancement opportunities for each civil works activity/investment, and to determine relevant national requirements related to environment, social, health, and safety management, as well as the applicability of the World Bank’s Operational Policies (OP/BP 4.01) - Environmental Assessment; OP/BP 4.04 – Natural Habitats; OP/BP 4.36 – Forests; OP/BP 4.11 - Physical Cultural Resources; OP/BP 4.09 - Pest Management; OP/BP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples; and OP/BP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. 55 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) E.2 Templates for site-specific ESMPs, IPMPs, Abbreviated RAPs and standalone IPP 99. Templates for site-specific ESMPs, IPMPs, Abbreviated RAPs and standalone IPP to be completed and customized for each proposed investment and support. 100. Procedures, roles, and responsibilities for carrying out and approving site screening templates and site-specific ESMPs ensuring that the siting, designs, plans, specifications, and implementation plans reflect the environmental and social screening outcomes and ESMP requirements and are compliant with applicable World Bank safeguard policies and meet relevant policies/Acts, strategies/rules and regulations of the GoD. 101. Generic safeguard supervision/monitoring form as well as robust GRM was developed for this project record compliance with the ESMP and other plans as well as login of complaints and resolution process. These will be administered at appropriate levels along the project implementation. E.3 ESMF and Other Plans Implementation Arrangements 102. Dominica operates a well-defined local governance system through village councils. Altogether, there are 38 local government authorities governing the affairs of one community or groups of communities in close proximity to each other. In a few cases, some communities do not fall under the jurisdiction of a village council, and alternatively Development Committees have a heavy presence there. Local government bodies are popularly elected bodies empowered by law to regulate and administer affairs in their respective areas. The Roseau and Portsmouth Councils comprise thirteen members, eight of whom are elected and five appointed by the Minister for Local Government. They serve a term of three years. The Kalinago Council has a five-year term. It is composed of seven elected members including the Kalinago Chief for whom separate elections are held. The Canefield Urban and Village Councils serve for three years at a time. They consist of eight members each; five are elected and three are ap-pointed by the Minister. Most village councils are headed by a Chairperson, except a Mayor in the case of Roseau and Portsmouth, and a Chief in the Kalinago Territory. 103. Under the supervision of a District Development Officer, local governments facilitate development programs and projects to be fitted to local environments and people’s needs. They serve as the decentralized agent to assist in fitting development programs and projects to local environments and people’s needs. They also act as a conduit between Central Government and local communities through distribution of public assistance, implementation and coordination of projects, and conveying information to and from villagers. 56 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 104. The importance of involving communities in development planning and implementation through local councils has been evidenced through the level of ownership of projects, and in their enthusiasm to protects lives and properties at the local community level, most times responding early and effectively in ways that state agencies are not able to act. 105. During the implementation of Dominican Agriculture project activities, potential environmental and social impacts must be considered and mitigated using the guidelines as spelt out in section D. The impacts must be mitigated, minimized or preferably avoided particularly to meet the national environmental regulations and requirements as set out by the Environmental Coordinating Unit and its related regulations and the World Bank safeguards policies requirements (Table 3). 106. The preliminary screening of the proposed sub projects to be financed through Project identification indicated that there may be no land acquisition or resettlement, as all project physical activities including civil works under Components A and B are envisaged to be carried out within the existing National regulations and standards and the requirement of the World Bank triggered policies. Consequently, a condensed ESMF along with annexes on IPMP (annex 15), Natural Habitats, Forests (annex 16) and Physical cultural plans (annex 8) as well as abbreviated RAP guideline (annex 2 and 2b) and IPP as a standalone plan are detailed in the ESMF. 107. Sub-projects supported that would require involuntary land acquisition or the acquisition of land requiring the resettlement or compensation of more than 200 people shall require a RAP prepared and implemented by MAFF and CSU, appointed relevant institutions and stakeholders. 108. The project will be implemented nationally as agreed by the Government taking into cognizance the impacts attributed to the hurricane Maria. The project will not involve any large-scale relocation and resettlement because it is basically agriculture oriented focusing on small holder farmers with no large scale physical or economic displacements of individuals expected. 109. For each subproject, ESMPs will be prepared and disclosed as a funding requirement by the National Project Implementing Unit (PIU) and CSU. Each Sub-project will be subjected to environ- mental and social screening (annex 1) in order to understand and prescribe a mitigation measure. 110. The ESMF outlines the institutional arrangements relating to: (i) identification of environmental and social impacts arising from activities under the project sub- projects, (ii) the implementation of proposed mitigation measures, (iii) Capacity Building and (iv) Monitoring and Evaluation. 111. The ESMF will be mainstreamed in Project Implementation/Operational Manual (PIM) and the extension manual to enhance mechanisms for: (i) Screening of proposed sub-projects, identifying potential environmental and social impacts and management of safeguard policies implications; (ii) Institutional arrangements for implementation and capacity building; (iii) Monitoring implementation of safeguard instruments such as ESMPs, IPMPs, IPPs and RAPs; (iv) Public consultation and Grievance Redresses including communication channels; and (v) The estimated costs related to the various safeguard instruments that may be applied. 57 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 112. For any sub/micro projects that involves physical infrastructure the PIU will hire the expertise to implement at Parish and national levels for adherence to the laid down guidelines. The oversight for civil works is normally done at Parish level by the relevant government department(s). 113. The PIU team includes specialists charged with handling issues of environmental and social safeguards. The Safeguards specialists will backstop the sub-projects implementing teams/beneficiaries to comply with the relevant national environmental and social requirements and the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policy requirements, including reviewing, screening, approving, monitoring and reporting of the subprojects implementation progress. 114. The safeguards specialists will be responsible for guiding the formulation and development and implementation of environmental and social instruments in the project and periodically reviewing and improving capacity for managing safeguards compliance among the stakeholders. The ESMPs guidelines provided (Annex 7). The Project Resettlement Action Plan 115. Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project does not envisage any physical displacement of people (including the vulnerable and marginalized communities who live in the forests and water towers). The project’s Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) clearly specifies that the project supports crop, livestock and fisheries subsystems and that due to the restoration strategy communities may find that economic livelihoods maybe lost due to the commercial motive approach on agribusiness and therefore the RAP comes in as a guideline. The project will also support restoration of natural habitats as well as forests as a result of the Hurricane Maria. 58 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 117. The exact sub-project sites for the project are not yet identified. Therefore at this stage it is neither possible to determine the exact location, demography and impact on assets and/or livelihood of neither the PAPs nor the resettlement related impoverishment risks they might face, if any. In addition, this project has been prepared under OP 10.0 paragraph 12 and therefore the client adopted a condensed and deferred ESMF approach to guide in mitigating against unforeseen land take. 118. A template to prepare site-specific ARAPs (annex 11) to be completed and implemented before start of works for sub-component /investment based on the results of site screening (Annex 1), to identify if there are negative impacts on livelihoods and if so avoid them and/or mitigate them through compensation. 119. This Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) (annex 15) sets out: • The types of sub-projects likely to be proposed for financing under the project; • The potential positive and adverse effects of such sub-projects investments on IPP; • A plan for carrying out the social assessment for such sub-projects; • A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected IPPs at each stage of project preparation and implementation; • Institutional arrangements (including capacity building where necessary) for screening project- supported activities, evaluating their effects on IP, preparing IPP, and addressing any grievances; and • Monitoring and reporting arrangements, including mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project (annex 14). 59 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Disclosure arrangements for IPP 122. The IPP establishes an appropriate gender and inter-generationally inclusive framework that provides opportunities for consultation at each stage of project preparation and implementation and other local civil society organizations (CSOs) identified by the affected IP communities. 123. Free and prior informed consultation of the indigenous peoples leading to broad community support was conducted at each stage of the project, and particularly during project preparation, to fully document their views and ascertain broad community support for the project (Refer IPP). 124. An Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) has been prepared to ensure that the Kalinago Territory communities are aware of how project investments are to be carried out in the Kalinago Territory and to ensure FPIC on any project-related activity in line with their existing land tenure system and their customs, choices, and preferences. 125. Cost of safeguards. The cost for the safeguards preparation and implementation process is estimated at 1.0% of the cost of the project, this cost will be confirmed by the specific PIUs, who will prepare the detailed cost allocation for safeguard implementation that includes preparation of safeguard instruments, implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring and supervision. 126. Stakeholder consultation formed part of the methodology in preparing this ESMF where the project interested and affected stakeholders were identified at an early project preparation stage. The stakeholder consultation is significant to the preparation of this ESMF and forms the basis for the determination of potential project impacts and design of viable mitigation measures. Various discussions were held with DEALCR project preparation team on the objectives, content, logic and implementation of the ESMF. Key stakeholders in the application and implementation of the ESMF for the Project will be consulted including Environmental Coordinating Unit (ECU) officials at the national and regional levels. E.5 ESMF and Other Plans Implementation Arrangements 127. Dominica operates a well-defined local governance system through village councils. Altogether, there are 38 local government authorities governing the affairs of one community or groups of communities in close proximity to each other. In a few cases, some communities do not fall under the jurisdiction of a village council, and alternatively Development Committees have a heavy presence there. Local government bodies are popularly elected bodies empowered by law to regulate and administer affairs in their respective areas. The Roseau and Portsmouth Councils comprise thirteen members, eight of whom are elected and five appointed by the Minister for Local Government. They serve a term of three years. The Kalinago Council has a five-year term. It is composed of seven elected members including the Kalinago Chief for whom separate elections are held. The Canefield Urban and Village Councils serve for three years at a time. They comprise eight members each; five are elected and three are appointed by the Minister. Most village councils are headed by a Chairperson, except a Mayor in the case of Roseau and Portsmouth, and a Chief in the Kalinago Territory. 60 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 128. Under the supervision of a District Development Officer, local governments facilitate development programs and projects to be fitted to local environments and people’s needs. They serve as the decentralized agent to assist in fitting development programs and projects to local environments and people’s needs. They also act as a conduit between Central Government and local communities through distribution of public assistance, implementation and coordination of projects, and conveying information to and from villagers. 129. The importance of involving communities in development planning and implementation through local councils has been evidenced through the level of ownership of projects, and in their enthusiasm to protects lives and properties at the local community level, most times responding early and effectively in ways that state agencies are not able to act. 130. During the implementation of Dominican Agriculture project activities, potential environmental and social impacts must be considered and mitigated using the guidelines as spelt out in section D. The impacts must be mitigated, minimized or preferably avoided particularly to meet the national environmental regulations and requirements as set out by the Environmental Coordinating Unit and its related regulations and the World Bank safeguards policies requirements (Table 3). 131. The preliminary screening of the proposed sub projects to be financed through Project identification indicated that there may be no land acquisition or resettlement, as all project physical activities including civil works under Components A and B are envisaged to be carried out within the existing National regulations and standards and the requirement of the World Bank triggered policies. Consequently, a condensed ESMF along with annexes on IPMP (annex 15), Natural Habitats, Forests (annex 16) and Physical cultural plans (annex 8) as well as abbreviated RAP guideline (annex 2 and 2b) and IPP as a standalone plan are detailed in the ESMF. 132. Sub-projects supported that would require involuntary land acquisition or the acquisition of land requiring the resettlement or compensation of more than 200 people shall require a RAP prepared and implemented by MAFF, appointed relevant institutions and stakeholders. 133. The project will be implemented nationally as agreed by the Government taking into cognizance the impacts attributed to the hurricane Maria. The project will not involve any large-scale relocation and resettlement because it is basically agriculture oriented focusing on small holder farmers with no large scale physical or economic displacements of individuals expected. 134. For each sub project, ESMPs will be prepared and disclosed as a funding requirement by the National Project Implementing Unit (PIU) and CSU (Annex 7). Each Sub-project will be subjected to environmental and social screening (annex 1) in order to understand and prescribe a mitigation measure. Forest and Natural Habitat Management Plan 135. On September 18, 2017 Dominica was devastated by Hurricane Maria, continuing a trend that has seen the island decimated by recent storms and hurricanes in the last five (5) years. The category 5 storm severely affected or destroyed most forested areas (including all 9 vegetation types from coast to elfin forests of all mountain ranges). An estimated 90-95% of the forest trees were defoliated, with over 50% either having fallen to the ground or having suffered broken crowns and branches. Huge portions of soil were eroded in most areas. A great deal of damage was inflicted against our fauna and their habitats. Watersheds were also critically damaged. This factor seriously compromises the national security of Dominica water supply and associated resources (Annex 17). 61 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 136. The following project proposal aims to address interventions at the short, medium to long term, which will be undertaken by the Forestry, Wildlife & Parks Division in collaboration with its various partners and stakeholders. This will include labor and budgetary allocations in support of intensive restoration and reforestation operations on national forests (state and private), national parks, eco- tourism sites, farms and watershed zones. This will involve development of guidelines and timelines for intense nursery and in-situ production and distribution of plants for agro-forestry programs, and provision of professional technical support to communities, landowners, farmers, students, researchers and environmentalists where all envisioned activities/sub projects will be screened at the initial stage before the financial support (annex 1). 137. The restorative program seeks to develop and deploy a regime to ensure rehabilitation and resilience enhancement of Dominica’s Forestry and associated livelihoods. This work will be informed by the knowledge gained through capacity and capability building. Therefore detailed relevant studies will be undertaken in other to be better prepared for the task ahead. For example, the regenerative growth effect or potential of different soil type on different species. No doubt, the forestry specialist will be informed on the ability of certain forest species to withstand or sustain high velocity impact of hurricanes or not. What is being referred to here is the suitability of certain species’ resiliency in the event of hurricane disasters. 138. Some of the resultant benefits include: Forest enrichment, strengthening of watersheds and water catchments, supporting agro-forestry operations, enhancing eco-tourism potential and providing a foundation for continuing study programs. The programme will manifest in three (3) primary components 139. Component 1: The Restoration of key Forest Resources and Processes. Thus Restoration of Ecosystem integrity by massive clearing of forest debris (use of wood chips & other organic matter in rebuilding soil structure) and utilization of economical timber Species; will include extensive tree planting programs through the use of forest wildings, seedlings and Broadcast of forest seeds; will also involve community members and other stakeholders through educational programs and practical field capacity training. 140. Component 2: Protected areas to be sustainably managed. This should include requisite capacity development support: G.I.S Data mapping and Forest Resource Inventorying; Compliance to REDD+ and other initiatives; 141. Component 3: National Livelihoods, food and nutritional security involving the implementation of Agro-forestry and Climate Smart silviculture systems. Overall Goal is to build Resilience and Sustainable Restoration of Dominica’s Forestry Sector Post Hurricane Maria. Relevant Goals 142. To provide the necessary support, interventions and participatory approach to strengthen the overall Forest Management Capacity and capability on island through a number of activities including systematic data management to respond to the ever-growing threat of Climate Change and sustainable livelihood. 62 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 143. The Maintenance of a long term Biodiversity program, through implementation of reforestation activities and agro-forestry interventions within the National Parks, Forest Reserves, the Kalinago Territory, State and Private lands (annex 16) Pest Management Plan 144. The purpose of this Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Plan is to guide the use of environmentally sensitive pest management strategies and least-toxic control measures in the implementing of the Emergency Agriculture Livelihood and Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is defined as managing pests (plants, fungi, insects and/or animals) in a way that protects human health and the surrounding environment and that improves economic returns through the most effective, least-risk option (Annex 16). During the implementation of the DEALCRP emphasis will be place on a crop management approach versus pest management. In Dominica Biological and cultural control is the preferred choice of pest management. Resistant crop varieties and plant tolerant to certain pest are developed and used in eliminating local pest and diseases. At the outset, each sub project must be screened for potential environmental and social impacts using screening checklist (annex 1). Core elements of Pest Management Plan • Use of least-toxic chemical pesticides Minimum use of chemicals • Use of pesticides and chemicals only in the targeted locations and for a targeted species Routine inspection and monitoring • Proactive communication Goals 145. The goals of the Emergency Agriculture Livelihood and Climate Resilience Project Pest Management Plan are to minimize the impact of site management practices on the local environment, and to reduce the exposure of occupants, staff and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and particle contaminants. 146. The plan addresses environmental best practices for pest and disease management primarily the on the farm. This pest management plan also focusses on the limitation of spread or movement within the infested field or locality. Any chemical used for pest Management must meet the requirements of the local regulatory agencies (Pesticides Control Board, Plant Protection and Quarantine Unit). Strategy 147. The Pest Management Plan promotes the use of a range of preventative and non-chemical approaches to control pest populations and starve off infestation. If an infestation with unacceptable impacts occurs, thereby warranting additional treatment. The plan favors the use of least-toxic pesticides. The targeted application of a toxic pesticide is allowed only after all other reasonable non- toxic options are exhausted. This plan outlines preventative best practices and pest control strategies approved for use in a farming environment taking into consideration of farmers health and safety (Annex 15).The safeguards specialists will be responsible for guiding the formulation and development and implementation of environmental and social instruments in the project and 63 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) periodically reviewing and improving capacity for managing safeguards compliance among the stakeholders. The ESMPs guidelines provided (Annex 7). E.6 Sub projects screening 153. The screening procedure strengthens accountability to the communities targeted for support, stakeholders in the development processes, and the broader development portfolio. Environmental and social screening and assessment processes for projects have become standard practice in development cooperation and are usually required by national regulatory frameworks and multilateral and bilateral donors. Therefore, application of the environmental and social screening and review processes demonstrates the appropriateness of safeguard measures (annex 1). Additionally, safeguard approaches have proven to be ideal vehicles for consultation and disclosure of information. In the presence of well-designed grievance mechanisms, they provide an effective process for conflict resolution and mediation as spelt out in the Project ESMF (Annexes 5, 6). 154. Screening thus constitutes an environmental and social safeguard approach which is a key component of overall quality assurance process (Annex1). The outcome of the environmental and social screening process is to determine if and what environmental and social review and management is required. The screening process aims to quickly identify those projects where no potential environmental and social issues exist, so that only those with potential environmental and social implications will undergo a more detailed screening process. Therefore, the two main objectives of environmental and social screening are to: firstly, enhance the environmental and social sustainability of a proposed project. This aspect of screening focuses on the environmental and social benefits of a project. Secondly, it is to identify and manage environmental and social risks that could be associated with a proposed project. This aspect of screening focuses on the possible environmental and social costs of an intervention and may point to the need for environmental and social review and management. The screening process can also focus the project activity to the National regulatory requirements. 155. Community meetings will be convened by the parish project technical coordinating teams together with the Local government technical teams and service providers, community beneficiaries’ leadership and the local administration for validation and adoption of approved community activity proposals. E.7 Implementation Arrangements 156. The successful implementation of the project requires the collaboration of several agencies and stakeholders. The roles and responsibilities described in this section may be modified as the project program progresses (Table 8). Implementation Roles and Responsibilities 157. The GoCD will lead the overall DEALCRP effort nationally, guided by the POM, the relevant national regulatory framework that aims to coordinate efforts in the sector and standardize approaches to restoration. Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries (MAFF) 158. The MAFF will be the technical lead for coordination amongst agencies in the Project, responsible for overseeing the PIU and day-to-day execution of activities and Project implementation. 159. The PIU will rely on technical support for the preparation and implementation of Project activities primarily from the MAFF. 64 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Ministry of Finance 160. The Ministry of Finance will directly engage with the MAFF in all fiduciary matters, and the overall project progress and delivery of the PDO. The CSU will be responsible for coordinating financial management, safeguards management and monitoring of the Project, in coordination with the relevant PIU staff. 161. The Ministry of Finance will support the MAFF and the PIU with its in house expertise in financial management, auditing, accounting and procurement. Details on the procurement and financial arrangements to be followed are further elaborated under the relevant sections in this document. Line Ministries 162. These other line ministries will come in to assist within their mandate and will be indirect stakeholders to oversee government regulations. They are listed as follows: 1) Health and Social Services 2) Finance 3) Housing and Lands 4) Kalinago Affairs 5) Public Works, Water Resource Management and Ports 6) Youth Affairs, Sports and Constituency Empowerment 7) Tourism and Culture 8) Environment, Climate Resilience, Disaster Management and Urban Renewal The Central Services Unit 163. The Central Services Unit (CSU) is within the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and provides implementation support to the PIUs/ PCU of all World Bank funded projects in the areas of procurement, safeguards and fiduciary aspects. It is staffed with a Coordinator/Financial Manager, two Procurement Specialists, 1 Financial Specialist, 3 Environmental Safeguards Specialists and 3 Social Safeguards Specialist all within the MoF. The Project Implementation Unit 164. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is based in and falls under the oversight of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Blue and Green Economy (MAFBGE). It will be responsible for the logistical support, coordination and implementation of the program, and will work closely with the relevant line ministries. The PIU will be responsible for: ▪ Procurement control, including the approval of bidding documents, contracts, and recommendations; ▪ Financial management, including payments to contractors and consultants; Appointment and management of technical consultants to assist with project activities; ▪ Administration of third party audits ensuring quality of project activities; Administration of financial audits and requisite reporting to the World Bank; ▪ Management of the environment and social safeguards aspects of the project; ▪ Quarterly reporting on project implementation progress; ▪ Ensuring that the project is implemented in compliance with agreed implementation procedures and other Bank guidelines and policies; ▪ Processing documentation required for disbursement of the funds; ▪ Procuring goods, works and services under the project; ▪ Preparing and maintaining records, accounts and financial statements referred to in the Agreements; 65 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ▪ Coordination and implementation of the Project; and implementing activities for monitoring, reporting and evaluating the Project. 165. The PIU consists of the following staff: a Project Manager, Agricultural Specialist, Communications Officer, Forestry Officer, Civil Engineer, An Administrative Assistant and 7 Support Staff. DEPARTMENT / MINISTRY / ORGANISATION MANDATE / RESPONSIBILITY MAFF Focal Point - Implementation/ Coordination and development of agriculture restoration Strategy Project Steering Committee Steering committee established to provide procedural and policy guidance to the PIU on matters relating to project implementation, budgeting and monitoring. Physical Planning Department Coordinates development planning and land use, approval of building design and structure, EIAs reviews and requests, building/construction inspections Lands and Surveys Division Conduct public surveys; provision of land surveying and land information services for all government agencies/divisions; legal custodian of all Government land records; responsible for updating all maps and map sheets of the island; authentication of all survey plans and surveys conducted in the country Forestry, Parks and Wildlife Mandate for protection of the forest resources Division Office of Disaster Management - Coordinates the overall Disaster Management Ministry of Environment, Climate programme based upon the principles of prevention, Resilience, Disaster Management mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery and Urban Renewal Dominica Solid Waste Management Responsible for solid waste management Cooperation (Statutory Body) Environmental Health Department - Protect the health of the public through monitoring of Ministry of Health and Social the environment and instituting intervention measures Services to prevent negative impacts on health 66 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Dominica Water and Sewerage Providing quality water and sewerage services through Corporation the use of appropriate technology, sound management and environmentally sustainable practices Information and Communication Establishment of the national multi-purpose Technology Unit (ICTU) identification system as centralized unique identification system for all residents of Dominica Bureau of Standards The Bureau of Standards develops, establishes, maintains and promotes standards for improving industrial development, industrial efficiency, promoting the health and safety of consumers as well as protecting the environment, food and food products, the quality of life for the citizenry and the facilitation of trade. Export Import Agency Spearheads the development of Dominica’s export of agricultural and agro-processed products and functions as a Trade promotions Agency. Ministry of Environment, Climate Manages the environment in a sustainable manner Resilience, Disaster Management reflecting the country’s nature Island brand and and Urban Renewal advance the resilience and Build Back Better vision through disaster risk reduction, advocacy, education and resource mobilization and advance the urbanization of the country for the benefits of the current and future generations. Ministry of Kalinago Affairs Special focus on issues and development within the Kalinago Territory Ministry of Finance Ensures that the public finances are maintained in a satisfactory condition and monitors fiscal and economic performance. The Ministry has oversight responsibility for resource allocation in the recurrent budget as implemented in the line Ministries and Departments. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Team 166. The ESMF Team consisting of a Technical Officer/Coordinator, Environmental Specialist, Social Specialist and Technical Officer will develop the framework which will contain the principles, rules and guidelines and procedures to assess the environmental and social risks and impacts. It will also include the measures and plans to prevent, mitigate and or offset adverse risks and impacts, provision for estimating and budgeting the cost of such measures and information on the agency or agencies responsible for addressing project risks and impacts. 67 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 167. The ESMF Team is tasked with the following activities: a. Prepare a Framework for Coordinating all activities relating to the Environmental and Social Impacts b. Obtain data on agricultural activities for identified projects to determine how impacts should be mitigated c. Perform the necessary initial and subsequent screenings and consultation to perform the assessments using screening too in Annex 1. d. Recommend the necessary safeguards to prevent or mitigate these risks; e. Implement the ESMF; f. Monitor and Evaluate the ESMF; g. and NGO’s to consult and conduct necessary screenings and information dissemination h. Coordinate Stakeholders capacity building. Table 8: Ministerial/PIU Offices and Role in implementation of the safeguards Name Representative/Ministry Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Blue and Green Mr. Ryan Anselm Economy Mr. Kervin Stephenson Project Manager, EALCRP Shon Savarin Coordinator, CSU Michael McIntyre Environmental Safeguards Specialist, CSU/EALCRP Lolita Raffoul Environmental Safeguards Specialist, CSU/HRP Kamasha Sylvester Social Safeguards Specialist, CSU/EALCRP Raelene Bruney Environmental Safeguards Specialist, CSU/DVRP Curlis Geaorge Social Safeguards Specialist, CSU/DVRP Kimberely Alleyne Social Safeguards Specialist, CSU/HRP Implementation Arrangement at National and Parish Levels 168. During the implementation of the ESMF, the Environmental and Social safeguards team will be responsible ensuring that the assessments are properly implemented on a national and regional level in accordance with National and World Bank legislation and policy guidelines. On a national level, the ESMF team will consult with the Ministry of Agriculture and the PIU to identify the project activities (Table 11). After the projects have been identified, the ESM team will liaise with village councils, Kalinago Council, and other local organizations to schedule beneficiary meetings at community level to undertake sub projects environmental and social screening and other data collection to assess level of risks and impacts envisioned at that sub project level. Using this information and data, the implementing agencies will thus ensure that the impacts are properly assessed and mitigated. As the implementation process is moving along, changes may be made to 68 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) the ESMF to address additional impacts not previously identified and to put additional safeguards in place to mitigate such impacts. Table 9: ESS Implementation levels and envisioned activities National level Sensitization of communities via a project launching Social and Environmental safeguard framework Regional level Social and Environmental safeguard framework Application of the screening checklists, manuals and tools Conflict Resolution and the grievance mechanism Social Audits Report Writing Citizen and Stakeholder Engagement Group dynamics Gender awareness Report Writing Citizen and Stakeholder Engagement ESMF team Zonal division for scheduling of consultation and assessments Social Screening and use of the Environment & Social Check List Screening RPF and RAP implementation Discussion of Project components, objectives and beneficiaries Understanding the barriers to participation Farmer and Farm status indications Gender awareness Conflict Resolution and GRHC Participatory M& E and reporting Gender Screening Training on necessary technology for frame restoration and sustainability Lobby and Advocacy Community level Building Farmer organizations ESMF Monitoring and Evaluation 169. Monitoring of the environmental and social impact assessments and safeguards will be carried out at three levels – at the individual farmer level, at the community-based level, and at a national level, through the PIU, who will hold an operational oversight over the project. The ESMF Team will monitor, verify, and validate processes for implementation of the ESMF 170. The monitoring and evaluation process will be according to the following: • Identify the monitoring objectives based on the results of the assessments and mitigation measures in the ESMF. • Identify the parameters to be measured 69 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) • The methods that will be used • Identify a sampling location • The frequency of measurements • Identification thresholds 171. Safeguards monitoring will occur as a regular periodic activity, and will include regular, compliance monitoring, process reviews/audits, reporting of outputs, quarterly monitoring as well as third party monitoring and social auditing carried out on the basis of the indicators and milestones developed (see Annex: ‘Results Framework & Monitoring’ in the PAD). In addition, supervision/monitoring will entail routine quality certification at various stages of construction, forming the basis of payment certification and other works. Other reports would be generated through the MIS to support supervision of overall physical and financial implementation progress, quality certification at various stages of construction, review of disbursements, and monitor program roll out and efficacy Citizen Engagement (CE) 172. CE is the two-way interaction between citizens and governments or the private sector that gives citizens a stake in decision-making with the objective of improving the intermediate and final development outcomes of the interventions. The implicit theory of change in promoting CE in the project is that communities with a participatory stake in the functioning of the project investments are likely to adopt, use and support them and be greater champions of the working implementation arrangements and of their own needs. CE holds all stakeholders accountable for results. For this reason, CE mechanisms are designed to make target communities including the IPs and other vulnerable groups more aware of the services and technologies provided, more involved in the choice and application of such interventions, better able to communicate with stakeholders and, in turn, feel more responsible and accountable for the success of the project results. 173. The proposed CE activities are expected to be led by two key actors, (i) the PIU that should not only have key safeguards specialists (Environment and Social) but ideally assist in the appointment of focal persons for not only CE but also Safeguards within each of the Parish teams to guide the process at county level as well as within the larger community umbrella/committees, producer and farmer organizations including cooperatives (specifically to guide safeguards in their entirety including CE/GRM (Annex 5-6), and (ii) All Community smallholder/pastoral/fisher folk based groups/institutions are expected to designate their CE/GRM focal persons/Committees at the existing community fora. 174. CE will contribute to achievement of the PDO through: (i) improved demand for interventions for restoration, productivity and resilience to climate change risks as a result of enhanced community participation in decision-making and management processes; (ii) improved governance as a result of strengthened governance and institutional structures; (iii) empowered communities as a result of demand for up scaled climate change agricultural practices by smallholder farmers and increased community participation in service delivery accountability and (iv) improved quality of service provision as a result of feedback systems and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Activities will be centered on the two components of CE: (a) Information sharing: The extent to which research, meteorological and value chain operational information is made publicly and interactively available. Community participation. Information sharing also touches on improved functionality of community units as well as establishing community-based monitoring (CBM) mechanisms while also strengthening existing mechanisms such as inclusion and empowerment of community representatives on the decision-making structures of the project implementation units and the (b) 70 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) GRM: is the extent to which feedback and GRM are available at the community level and whether/how the feedback loop is closed (annexes 5 and 6). F. PROJECT COMPLAINTS, CONFLICTS AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) 175. A grievance redress mechanism system with clear guidelines about applications and appeals has been developed and monitored by the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) (See flow chart below). Complaints made through the GRM will be registered and investigated by the PIU Safeguards Staff. Where accusations of criminal activity are made, these shall be referred to authorities for investigation. The work of the GRM will be supported by an electronic monitoring database to record complaints and grievances and report on their resolution. 176. The GoCD will establish a grievance redress system (GRS) that will allow appeals regarding the list of beneficiaries, and other matters during the course of the project. Grievances can be categorized under the following themes: (i) exclusion or inclusion; (ii) false/true cla ims touching on the beneficiaries (including child abuse, gender based violence, labour issues and community safety and health, etc.); (iii) program staff, rules, or procedures (vi) implementation transparency and accountability issues. 177. In keeping with international good practices, the GoCD will strive to include the following elements in the GRS: Table 10: Elements of a GRM system Announcement The right to complain and procedures for complaints will be explained in detail to beneficiaries. Complaint intake The process will be clear. All complaints will be registered in a database regardless of the source, clarity or authenticity. Complainants will receive a receipt, ideally a copy of the written record at all levels where the complaint is being logged in. Location A safe place will be provided to present complaints and to be interviewed. Complainants will not be delayed at this level. If they cannot be addressed at any of the levels the issue will be escalated to the next level. Enquiry and Each complaint will be verified within an ideally 7 days period, using verification local information and established GRM structure at any of the levels: community level; Parish level; Local government level; PIU level and Ministerial taskforce level and Court Redress level. This may include establishing a local committee of respected persons to make a 71 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) recommendation to the government. More than one level of appeal may be needed. For the Kalinago community, the Kalinago Council of Elders will be the platform where complaints would be lodged and addressed. The council will also serve as a link between the Implementing agencies and the Kalinago community. Communicating The Complainant will be notified in writing on first that the complaint decisions has been received; and two after GRM Committee deliberation whether the complaint has been accepted and therefore resolved, or escalated to a higher level for action or still denied/declined (reason given). If denied, what are the reasons while if accepted what are the timelines to expect a resolution (7 days period). 178. Based on the proposed composition and reporting structure, the overall responsibility for dealing with grievances will be that of the Project Manager through the Social Safeguards Desk. a. Responsibility: 179. The Social Safeguard Specialist (SSS) shall deal with complainants directly or through their Village Council (particularly in the case of the Kalinago Territory). The SSS will submit a status report of grievance to the Project Manager and/or Agriculture Task Force by the 7th of every month for appraisal. The SSS will also ensure all the GRM levels are established, operationalized and supervised appropriately so that complaints do not get stuck at the lower levels and remain unattended. At each level, the GRM committees must be established in a participative manner ensuring inclusion of all stakeholders and representatives of target beneficiaries. ii. Response by person lodging the grievance: 180. An acknowledgement will be provided for all complainants logged in within three days from the day of receipt by the Social Specialist or designated personnel at any of the levels. All grievances received by post or in person shall be acknowledged and a record shall be maintained. iii. Information on receipt: 181. Details of grievance received shall be maintained by the Social Safeguard Specialist in a register to capture the following information: i. Complaint Number (CN) ii. Date of Receipt iii. Particulars of Complainant /Client: Name: Address: Contact Number: Whether acknowledgement given at the time of receipt (Yes/No) iv. Particulars of Grievance Subject of the grievance: Office/sub project: Brief Description: Date of acknowledgement/Date of Redress: 72 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) iv. Communication to Complainant 182. All complainants shall be issued a grievance number and expected time of redress by the Social Safeguarding Specialist (Annex 5-6). The Complainant is permitted to approach higher authorities (Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries) if grievance is not adequately resolved or responded to within the prescribed timeline (i.e. 2 weeks at most) at any of the designated levels. If the grievance is not resolved or still outstanding beyond the expected aforementioned timeframe, the Complainant shall be provided with the following information by the SSS: b. Information on reasons for delay c. Updated expected time of redress d. If the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome within the agreed time he/she can lodge his/her grievance to the Director of Public Persecution or other relevant authority. 183. This information shall be given in the same letter/order through which the final decision on redress is conveyed to the complainant. 184. All grievances shall be analyzed to find out the root cause in any particular area and matters shall be taken up with the competent authority i.e. Agriculture Task Force / Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Blue and Green Economy. 185. Grievance and Redress Mechanism (GRM) EALCRP PIU GRM The EALCRP PIU has prepared a project-wide Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to receive and facilitate the resolution of concerns and grievances associated with the PIU and/or project related activities. The GRM will enable the EALCRP PIU to address any grievances against this specific sub-project activity. It must be noted that this GRM covers grievances that relate to the impacts that the project may have on people and communities. The GRM process is outlined below. The EALCRP PIU will be responsible for registering, tracking, addressing and resolving any grievances raised by individuals or groups. Grievances can be submitted to the EALCRP PIU: • Email: A complainant can email the EALCRP PIU to complain. Complainant will receive email acknowledging complaint and be advised to complete a grievance form and sign (electronic or by reporting to nearest office). o Project Manager, Kervin Stephenson Email: stephensonke@dominica.gov.dm o Environmental Safeguards Specialist Michael McIntyre Email: mcintyrem@dominica.gov.dm o Social Safeguards Officer, Kamarsha Sylvester email: sylvesterk@dominica.gov • Write a letter: to the EALCRP PIU, Project Manager, Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project (EALCRP), 19 King George V St., Roseau, Dominica to complain (respond to letters via telephone or email, inviting complainant to complete an official grievance form/transfer information from letter to grievance form; record complaint in log) • Telephone: Complainants can call the EALCRP PIU at (767) 266 3998 73 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) • In Person: Complainants can report to the EALCRP PIU office at 19 King George V St., Roseau, Dominica, to complete and submit a grievance form. They can also register their complaint directly to the Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists. • Use of Grievance boxes: Complainants can submit grievances via the use of grievance boxes at the regional offices. Grievance boxes are located on the outside of the regional offices where grievances can be placed in a discreet and if preferred an anonymous manner. Boxes are equipped with writing pads and pens especially for this use. • Anonymous Complaints: are accepted through all above-mentioned channels. Complainants can submit their grievances without providing personal contact information. • PIU Project Manager or Staff Complaints: Complainants can telephone, email or write letters to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Blue and Green Economy. A grievance will be acknowledged in writing or email, by the EALCRP PIU within five (5) working days of a grievance being submitted to the EALCRP PIU. The EALCRP PIU will communicate verbally, written form or email to the complainant, as well as contact the complainant to verify that the grievance has been resolved and also gather any feedback on the grievance process. Grievances under this GRM are classified as Level 1 (Low Risk), Level 2 (Substantial Risk) and Level 3 (High Risk). While all grievances are considered important and critical, Levels 2 and 3 are classified as high priority, with Level 3 being the highest priority. If the complainant is not satisfied with the resolution and/or does not agree with the proposed actions, the EALCRP PIU will need to escalate the matter to the Grievance Committee, level 3. The EALCRP PIU is committed to resolving complainant’s grievance and as required will convene an independent Grievance Committee to resolve the grievance. The EALCRP PIU will communicate the GRM process to its external and internal stakeholders to raise awareness and offer transparency of how stakeholders can voice their grievances. 186. Grievance Redress Process The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) applies to all external and internal stakeholders of the operations during project implementation, including the rehabilitation of national trails and construction of eco-sites and monitoring activities. 74 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Figure 4 Grievance Redress Mechanism Flow Chart Steps Levels STEP 1 CSU receives and record complaint (day 1) RESOLUTION STEP 2 Grievance Level 1 CSU Social Safeguards CSU Social Safeguards acknowledges (Low Risk Level) acknowledges complaint and responds within 5 working complaint and resolve days within 5 working days STEP 3 CSU Screens and investigate complaint Grievance Level 2 And provide a response to complainant within 14 days (substantial Risk ) STEP 4 1.CSU responds within 14 days RESOLUTION 2. If complainant is not 1.CSU to respond within 14 days satisfied, submit grievance to 2. If complainant is satisfied, Grievance Committee grievance is considered resolved and no further action STEP 5 (Grievance Committee Level) Grievance Level 3 RESOLUTION Respective Permanent Secretary (High Risk ) Grievance Committee Respective PIU/PCU Managers/Coordinators meets and resolves CSU Coordinator the complaint. No Social Safeguards Specialist further action required Complainant Representative action SENSITIVE CASES Gender-Based Violence cases Grievance Service Provider/Health Care professional for counseling 1.Complainant can submit grivence to the world bank Grievance Redress service World Bank Level 2.World Bank Grievance Redress service investigates grievance and atempts to reach satisfactory resolution. 75 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 187. Non Retaliation Statement The Bank and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Blue and Green Economy will ensure that there is no coercion, retaliation, intimidation, or harassment directed against any Stakeholder or Beneficiary who makes a report or comment during stakeholder consultation or in a public meeting organized by the Project. If any Stakeholder or Beneficiary feels that he or she has been retaliated against for making a report or participating in the stakeholder consultation, the alleged violation should be reported using the Grievance Redress Mechanism. World Bank Redress Mechanism The Grievance Redress Service (GRS) is an avenue for individuals and communities to submit complaints directly to the World Bank if they believe that a World Bank project has or is likely to have adverse effects on them, their community, or their environment. The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability to project-affected communities by ensuring that grievances are promptly reviewed and addressed. Any individual or community who believes that a World Bank-supported project has or is likely to, adversely affect them can submit a complaint. Complaints must be in writing and addressed to the GRS. They can be sent: • ONLINE – through the GRS website at www.worldbank.org/grs • BY EMAIL at grievances@worldbank.org • BY LETTER OR BY HAND delivery to any World Bank Country Office • BY LETTER to the World Bank Headquarters in Washington at The World Bank Grievance Redress Service (GRS) MSN MC 10-1018 1818 H St NW Washington DC 20433, US G. COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION 185. In its two components: A- restoration of productive base for recovery of agricultural livelihoods and B – restoration of key productive infrastructure and institutional strengthening; the PIU will be required to mobilize and sensitize all the intended beneficiaries: smallholder-medium-commercial farmers, livestock keepers as well as the fisher folk on what the project is and how it will help them. Through the mobilization plan efforts must be refocused not to exclude individuals or communities based on age, gender, religion, race, culture and traditions, location physical disabilities, indigenous peoples, etc. All persons stand to benefit from the project based on the PDO and activities envisaged. 186. This project in addition to the provision of support (key inputs), the beneficiaries will receive technical assistance through the MAFF’s extension services (to be strengthened in parallel by the project through training, institutional strengthening, and increased mobility), as well training through participation in farmer field schools (FFSs), demonstration/dissemination events of technical practices and technologies in field days, and other extension/technology dissemination activities organized by the MAFF under the project. This training and technical assistance will be particularly focused in the adoption of new and effective technologies and modern inputs to gradually increase climate resilience in the agricultural sector. And all stakeholders need to be involved at the beginning of the project. wellThe 187.environmental and restoration. as activities activities insupported An issues; under will be agriculture, theESMF develop the project fisheries, prepared mechanisms livestock, to cover comply reconstruction and to guide withthe forestry relevant of key sectors topublic identification GoCD andof infrastructure, promote possible their social as recovery and World Bank’s policy requirements; lay out the approach and procedures relevant during the planning and implementation to mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed 76 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) investments; and describe the institutional and implementation arrangements, the monitoring mechanisms, and the capacity-building needs for effective implementation of the ESMF. The beneficiaries must be seen to own the project activities and all the decisions made. H. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 188. Consultation and disclosure: Safeguards must be prepared by the Government, cleared by the World Bank, and disclosed as early as possible and before the start of civil works. The ESMF will be prepared by the client within three months of signing of the contract and before start of works. Site- specific safeguards instruments (ARAPs – annexes 2 and 2b), if necessary, will be required for all investments financed under the project, including those financed under retroactive financing should there be a need for economic displacement prior to the start of any construction. 189. During this ESMF preparation, therefore, consultations were held with relevant ministries and Parish and local government levels, project-affected groups bearing special consideration to the vulnerable groups, NGOs, and both the Kalinago community and indigenous peoples’ council. The consultations that have taken place to date, were held in various locations on September 4, 2018 (annexes: 19-24), but predominantly within the Kalinago Territory. To facilitate meaningful dialogue and consultations, the concerned groups were provided with the draft documents in a timely manner prior to consultation and, presentation handouts in appropriate form and language during the consultation (where applicable), to ensure they were readily informed prior to each engagement. At the end of the consultation meetings, the participants were allowed adequate time for feedback (annex 23). 190. Further consultation is set to take place following the disclosure of the condensed draft ESMF. Information disclosure and public consultations are important and necessary during sub-project preparation and implementation as well. As such, during project implementation, the PIU will undertake meaningful and continuous consultations. This enables sub-project affected people and other stakeholders to participate in and contribute to the sub-project planning and implementation, and thereby help minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits. 191. Information to be disclosed will include, at a minimum: the beneficiary criteria for eligibility; requirements for receiving agricultural inputs; siting and improvement/restoration of agricultural infrastructure; information on the GRM; and other project information. The methods of disclosure vary, but may include posters, booklets, newspapers, the internet, and community meetings. This ESMF, as well as the IPP and abbreviated RAP will be disclosed at public places accessible to affected groups and other stakeholders prior to consultation to establish the basis for meaningful consultation. Potential disclosure place, for example includes: International NGO’s, Financial Building, Technical Assistance Centres (TACs), Ministry Building, Constituency Offices, key government buildings etc. 192. Project communication: The task of restoring agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience for communities after the disaster is challenging. A good communication strategy among the government agencies, PIU, Stakeholders (direct and indirect) involved in restoration and reconstruction of agricultural infrastructure, and the affected population needs to be in communication to ensure that the project is implemented in a sustainable manner. The aim of the communications initiative will be to empower the affected communities through participation, a robust grievance redress mechanism and enhanced access to information on restoration and recovery. Information on government policies and activities, farm inputs, entitlements, land ownership, and restoration support needs to be made available to the beneficiaries using various tools. 77 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 193. The communication and the information dissemination ability of the government are limited and therefore the PIU must be innovative enough to address this efficiently. The communication for this emergency agricultural livelihoods and climate resilience project will be done through consultations, communication and information campaigns through villages and their respective councils, public awareness programs, information dissemination through brochures and leaflets in local languages (i.e. Creole/Patois, Cocoy), local newspapers (i.e. The Chronicle and The Sun), FM radio broadcasts and announcements and mobilizing trained technicians/other personnel/other service providers. The communication plan will be effectively implemented through and by the PIU. 194. These tools will support the beneficiaries in providing information about: a. the project, its objectives, methodology, environmental and social requirements, best practices and the opportunities available to the local communities to participate and plan for enhancing the existing local environment etc.; b. Minimum criteria for support on agricultural inputs all beneficiaries in order to restore their agricultural livelihoods whereas meeting compliance to environmental and social safeguards standards. Providing information about the available approaches for obtaining support to meet the standards; c. Providing information to link beneficiaries with service providers for integrating environmental and social safeguards in the productive systems; and d. Providing information to the community and stakeholders on the possibilities of enhancing the existing environmental and social resources/assets through mobilization of fund/support from the government and other agencies including on public-private partnership platforms; I. STAKEHOLDER CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS 1.1 Introduction 195. Local capacity building will be critical to the implementation of project activities; particularly those related to Component A & B. Following the passing of Hurricane Maria, most, if not all of the GoCD Ministries were hampered by the hurricane, constituting to a backlog of pre-hurricane activities, exacerbated by additional reconstruction undertakings. As such, the current institutional arrangements in place are inadequate to fulfil the technical, advisory and business as usual operations. To strongly support the building up of the GoCD capacity, funds have been apportioned to fulfil the aforementioned designated responsibilities. I.2 Capacity strengthening for Environmental and Social Implementation 196. Capacity building will be required at different tiers of project implementation. The capacity building will be brought about in a variety of ways including technical training and education on climate resilient practices, the creation of local employment opportunities through restoration of the productive systems and providing the financial support for project related roles that will form an extension to government ministries. 197. The project will therefore, provide capacity-building assistance to the MAFF in the core areas of (a) project management (establishment of Management Information Systems, management of social and environmental issues, public-private partnerships, efficient use of private financial services, 78 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) agribusiness, etc.); (b) conducting analytical studies to support the revision of policies and regulatory frameworks (risk transfer mechanisms, national certification systems, agricultural information systems, and revision of the Fisheries Act); (c) building capacity for carrying out agricultural census/survey, assessment of the MAFF’s readiness for conducting such a census/survey; (d) conducting several analytical studies on key areas to support ongoing efforts to strengthen the institutional structure of the MAFF; (e) contributing to developing an e agriculture strategy for the agriculture, fisheries, and forestry sectors; (f) contributing to developing an integrated management information system (MIS) for the agriculture sector; and (g) supporting the efforts to develop a fisheries community insurance model (building resilience and reducing the potential risks). Items to be procured by the project include specialized consulting services (individuals and firms), non- consulting services including advisory and training services, training events, related inputs, and incremental operating costs. J. PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION 198. An M&E specialist at the PIU will coordinate monitoring activities by the technical divisions of the MAFF. The MAFF/PIU will (a) compile and consolidate data and verification documents; (b) ensure data quality; and (c) prepare and submit the reports to the PSC, IST, and the World Bank on time. The PIU will designate either the PIU Environmental specialist or the PIU Social safeguards specialist to work alongside the PIU M&E specialist in undertaking monitoring and reporting so that the safeguards are also reported on. 199. A results-based M&E system would monitor project implementation using the following methods and tools: (a) Results Framework, see section VII in the PAD; (b) M&E strategy regarding information requirements, tools, and methodologies for data collection, analysis, and reporting; (c) comprehensive M&E plan with clear roles and responsibilities with respect to data collection and reporting; and (d) internal and external periodic assessments and evaluations, which include baseline studies, beneficiary assessments, midterm evaluations, ex post evaluation, and impact evaluations. The heads of the participating technical divisions will be responsible for process and performance monitoring of individual activities and will consolidate and analyze all M&E data provided by the field- level offices. 200. Monitoring of the environmental and social activities will be carried out at three levels – at the individual farm holding level, at the community-based level, and at a national level, though the PIU, who will hold an operational and logistical as well as technical oversight over the project implementation. 201. Environmental and social safeguards and project monitoring will occur as a regular periodic activity, and will include regular, compliance monitoring, process reviews/audits, reporting of outputs, quarterly monitoring as well as third party monitoring and environmental and social auditing carried out on the basis of the impacts, indicators and mitigation measures as prescribed in the ESMPs (Annex 7-8). 79 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) K. WORK PLAN AND BUDGET Table 11: A Budget for the proposed areas of training for the Environmental and Social Safeguards Level Type of Training Budgets USD National Sensitization of communities level Social and Environmental safeguard framework Agricultural Social and Environmental safeguard 7 Training Sessions (As Per Regions framework Regions) Application of the screening checklists, Training Subsistence – manuals and tools 120,000 Conflict Resolution and the grievance Facilitation - mechanism Transport – Social Audits Consultant – Report Writing Citizen and Stakeholder Engagement Group dynamics Gender awareness Project Social and Environmental safeguard 5 Training Sessions implementin framework (Regions) g Staff/PIU Application of the screening checklists, Training Subsistence – manuals and tools Facilitation – Conflict Resolution and the grievance Transport – mechanism Consultant - Social Audits Report Writing Citizen and Stakeholder Engagement Group dynamics 80 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Gender awareness Community PICD Social Screening and use of the 5 Training Sessions level Environment & Social Check List Community level) Screening RFP and RAP implementation IPPF and Plan training Facilitation - Group dynamics Transport – Gender awareness Conflict Resolution and GRHC Participatory M& E and reporting Gender Screening Training on the CIDP Lobby and Advocacy Building Farmer organization Total 79 81 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ANNEXES Annex 1: Environmental and Social Screening Checklist The form below identifies potential impacts of the proposed activities envisioned under Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project (EALCRP). Many of the actions or activities have low or negligible potential negative impacts, such as purchase of equipment, raw materials and supplies. Some may have impacts that are typical for small construction or rehabilitation projects, such as repair of damaged infrastructure, buildings, or facilities. Section A: Background information Subproject Name Subproject Purpose ☐New Structure ☐Expansion of existing structure ☐Renovation of existing structure ☐Construction of waste disposal system Subproject Location Subproject property ownership ☐Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica ☐Own ☐ Lease Agreement Subproject current property use ☐Industrial ☐Commercial ☐Agricultural ☐Residential Subproject Component Estimated Investment Start/Completion Date Section B: Construction Issues Will the sub-project: Yes No Demolish existing structures and require disposal of construction materials? ? Demolish existing structures and require disposal of hazardous materials? Involve the generation of a significant amounts of solid and liquid waste? Construction work generate emissions to the atmosphere (dust, odours, fumes)? Construction work cause a noise nuisance due to the operation of heavy machinery and other on-site activities? Construction work produce significant amounts of runoff, change drainage patterns and/or erosion? Construction work affect traffic or public safety? Cause physical changes in topography and land use? If answers to any of the above is ‘yes’, please include an ESMP in sub-project implementation. Section C: Environmental Issue Will the sub-project YES NO Create a risk of increased soil erosion? Create a risk of increased deforestation? Create a risk of increasing any other soil degradation? Affect soil salinity and alkalinity? Divert the water resource from its natural course/location? Cause pollution of aquatic ecosystems by sedimentation and agro- chemicals, oil spillage, effluents, etc.? Introduce exotic/alien plants or animals? 82 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Involve drainage of wetlands or other permanently flooded areas? Cause poor water drainage and increase the risk of water-related diseases such as Dengue? Reduce the quantity of water for the downstream users? Result in the lowering of groundwater level or depletion of groundwater? Create waste that could adversely affect local soils, vegetation, rivers and streams or groundwater? Reduce various types of livestock production? Focus on biomass/bio-fuel energy generation? If answers to any of the above is ‘yes’, please include an ESMP in sub-project implementation. Section D: Socioeconomic Issues & Community Health and Safety Will the sub-project: YES NO Displace people from their current settlement? Cause an influx of labour? Interfere with the normal health and safety of the worker/community? Reduce the employment opportunities for the surrounding communities? Reduce settlement (no further area allocated to settlements)? Reduce income for the local communities? Increase safety concerns due to introduction of the project? Increase exposure of the community to communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS? Induce conflict? Introduce new practices and habits? Lead to child delinquency (school drop-outs, child abuse, child labour, etc.? Lead to gender disparity or gender-based violence? Lead to poor diets? Lead to social evils (drug abuse, excessive alcohol consumption, crime, etc.)? Cause an increased exposure of the community to COVID-19? Section E: Natural Habitat Will the sub-project: YES NO Be located within environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. intact natural forests, mangroves, wetlands) or threatened species? NB: If the answer is yes, the sub-project should prepare a Natural Habitats Plan (see ESMP). Adversely affect environmentally sensitive areas or critical habitats – wetlands, woodlots, natural forests, rivers, protected areas including national parks, reserves or local sanctuaries, etc.)? NB: If the answer is yes, the sub-project should not proceed. Affect the indigenous biodiversity (flora and fauna)? NB: If the answer is yes, the sub-project should not proceed. Cause any loss or degradation of any natural habitats, either directly (through project works) or indirectly? NB: If the answer is yes, the sub-project should not proceed. 83 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Affect the aesthetic quality of the landscape? Reduce people’s access to the pasture, water, public services or other resources that they depend on? Increase human-wildlife conflicts? Use irrigation system in its implementation? . NB: If the answers to any of the above is ‘yes’, please include an ESMP/Natural Habitat Management Plan with sub-project application Section F: Pesticides and Agriculture Chemicals Will the sub-project: YES NO Involve the use of pesticides or other agricultural chemicals, or increase existing use? Cause contamination of watercourses by chemicals and pesticides? Cause contamination of soil by agrochemicals and pesticides? Experience effluent and/or emissions discharge? Export produce? Involve annual inspections of the producers and unannounced inspections? Require scheduled chemical applications? Require chemical application even to areas distant away from the focus? Require chemical application to be done by vulnerable group (pregnant mothers, chemically allergic persons, elderly, etc.)? If the answer to the above is ‘yes’, please consult the IPMP that has been prepared for the project. Section G: Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups meeting requirements for OP 4.10 Are there: YES NO People who meet requirements for OP 4.10 living within the boundaries of, or near the project? Members of these VMGs in the area who could benefit from the project? VMGs livelihoods to be affected by the subproject? Affect vulnerable people and underserved groups (e.g., children, elderly poor pensioners, physically challenged, women, particularly head of households or widows, etc.)? Require temporary relocation for a vulnerable population affected (children, physically challenged, elderly, minority group etc.)? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, please consult the IPP that has been prepared for the project. Section H: Land Acquisition and Access to Resources Will the sub-project: YES NO Require acquisition of land (public or private) (temporarily or Permanently) for its development? Use land that is currently occupied or regularly used for productive purposes (e.g. gardening, farming, pasture, fishing locations, forests)? Displace individuals, families or businesses? Result in temporary or permanent loss of crops, fruit trees and Pasture land? Adversely affect small communal cultural property such as funeral and burial sites, or sacred groves? 84 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Result in involuntary restriction of access by people to legally designated parks and protected areas? Be on monoculture cropping? If the answer to any of the above is ‘yes’, please consult the mitigation measures in the ESMF, and if need be adopt the ARAP guidelines. Section K: Proposed action Summarize the (ii) Guidance above: All the above • If all the above answers are ‘No’, there is no answers are ‘No’ need for further action; There is at least one ‘Yes’ • If there is at least one ‘Yes’, please describe your recommended course of action (see below). (iii) Recommended Course of Action Activities and actions with low potential E&S impacts and risks require no further safeguards actions. Those with moderate potential E&S impacts and risk will be managed using the ESMF for the Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project (EALCRP),and will typically require that a specific ESMP be developed, following the generic mitigation measures included in Table 7 and the ESMP outline/contents included in Annex 7 of the ESMF. 84 85 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 2: Framework for Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan In compliance of the Bank’s Operational Policy 4.12, in case of less than 200 Project Affected People (PAPs), the following abbreviated Resettlement Framework shall be followed in order to restore agricultural productive systems and issue economic compensation for loss of land and livelihood through a consultative and mutually agreeable process. Principles 1. All land should be surveyed and mapped and agreement reached with government on explicit eligibility cut-off date. 2. Where land is disputed or land ownership is not clear, the land will be surveyed and a map hereof issued to the affected families. In case of land disputes, attempts should be made to settle disputes prior to project start. 3. Customary and collective rights, e.g. to grazing land and commons, should be verified and documented through community-level consultations and local authorities. Customary and collective rights are also subject to compensation. 4. Compensation for land, housing and assets are based on principles of replacement cost and mutually agreeable solutions based on consultative approach with PAPs. 5. where affected land provide income, the equivalent to the value of the crop lost will be given in compensation, based on the value of the harvests lost until the replacement crop (e.g. fruit tress) come into full production. 6. if land forms basis for other income, the value of the income hereof will be subject to third party assessment 7. If PAPs are squatters/informal settlers on the land, they will receive economic/material compensation to re-establish themselves elsewhere (e.g. on government land) without suffering damage to their livelihood or living standard. 8. Compensation will be paid before commencement of works. 86 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Process 1. Survey of land and assets & census of Project Affected Peoples, including squatters and informal settlers: a. The surveyed land and assets should be identified, marked and photographed, and by the defined eligibility cut-off date the areas should be secured against encroachers. b. the Project Affected People should be identified and registered with full data and photographs c. a compensation package should be developed (categories of impacts and appropriate entitlements to formal and informal settlers landholders and squatters), and d. Initial consultations should be conducted to identify any salient issues or concerns impacting on affected people. Gender separate consultations should be conducted in order to properly ascertain the views of the women. 2. Calculation of individual entitlements. There should be continued consultations with the affected people regarding the project, land acquisition and compensation package in order to reach mutually agreeable solution to land/asset acquisition and/or shifting of house. In case any PAP refuses to shift, an abbreviated Resettlement Plan, compliant to OP 4.12, should be developed. Outline of an Abbreviated Resettlement Plan An abbreviated plan covers the following minimum elements: a. A census survey of displaced persons and valuation of assets; b. Description of compensation and other resettlement assistance to provided; c. Consultations with displaced people about acceptable alternatives; d. Institutional responsibility for implementation and procedures for grievance redress; e. Arrangements for monitoring and implementation; and f. A timetable and budget. 3. The compensation package and abbreviated Resettlement Plan should be submitted to the Bank for approval, using the formats included in the Safeguards Framework 4. The acquisition process is only completed with the actual payment of compensation to Project Affected People and settlement of any grievances they may hold. 5. Grievance redress mechanisms (GRM) available (Section H) 87 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 2b: Format for Documentation of Asset Contributions (Please cross-reference to RAP report of the project (if any) The following agreement has been made of..................between...............................................resident of............................... and ………………………………………………. (The Recipient). on...............day (The Owner) 1. That the Owner holds the transferable right of........................…………………acres of land/structure/asset in.........………………………………………………………………… 2. That the Owner testifies that the land/structure is free of squatters or encroachers and not subject to other claims. 3. That the owner hereby grants to the Recipient this asset for the construction and development of ................................for the benefit of the villagers and the public at large. (Either, in case of donation) 4. That the Owner will not claim any compensation against the grant of this asset. (Or in case of compensation) 5. That the Owner will receive compensation against the grant of this asset as per the attached Schedule. 6. That the Recipient agrees to accept this grant of asset for the purposes mentioned. 7. That the Recipient shall construct and develop the……………………and take all possible precautions to avoid damage to adjacent land/structure/other assets. 8. That both the parties agree that the………………………so constructed/developed shall be public premises. 9. That the provisions of this agreement will come into force from the date of signing of this deed. Signature of the Owner: Signature of the Recipient: ________________________ Witnesses: _______________________________ 1. 2. (Signature, name and address) (Attention by District/Province Judge, Date) Confirmation of Local Resettlement Committee: Signature/Stamp Confirmation of PIU: Signature /Stamp 88 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 3: Format of Quarterly Monitoring Report Relevant environmental and social Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project Environment Subproject Activities phase al EIA / EMP Environmental Effectiveness of Issues title l. Risks Permit granted? Yes, No name, New sub project, civil works, See note (Severe, or Yes, No or N/A Good, poor, or See rehabilitation/restoration, Moderat maintenance below e or N/A needs note Mild) improvement below location, title Sub project phase will be one of the following: (a) under project preparation or appraisal, (b) appraised, or (c) implementation Issues: accidents, litigation, complaints or fines are to be listed e.g. if an environmental permit was not granted, explain why? 89 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 4: Draft Terms of Reference for Sub-Project Requiring an ESIA Based on the screening and scoping results. ESIA terms of reference will be prepared. A Consultant Firm (or individual) will conduct the ESIA and the report should have the following format: 4.1 Introduction and Context This part will be completed at a time and will include necessary information related to the context and methodology to carry out the study. 4.2 Objectives of the Study This section will indicate (i) the objectives and the project activities; (ii) the activities that may cause environmental and social negative impacts and needing adequate mitigation measures. 4.3 Mission/Tasks The Consultant should realize the following: • Describe the biophysical characteristics of the environment where the project activities will be realized; and underline the main constraints that need to be taken into account at the field preparation, during the implementation of the project. • Assess the potential environmental and social impacts related to project activities and recommend adequate mitigation measures, including costs estimates; • Assess the need of solid and liquid waste management and suggest recommendation for their safe disposal; • Review political, legal and institutional framework, at national and international level, related to environmental and social, identity constraints and suggest recommendations for reinforcement; • Identify responsibilities and actors for the implementation of proposed mitigation measures; • Access the capacity available to implement the proposed mitigation measures, and suggest recommendation in terms of training and capacity building, and estimate their costs; • Develop an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the sub project. The ESMP should underline (i) the potential environmental and social impacts resulting from project activities; (ii) the proposed mitigation measures; (iii) the institutional responsibilities for implementation; (iv) the monitoring indicators; (v) the institutional responsibilities for monitoring 90 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) and implementation of mitigation measures; (vi) the costs of activities; and (vii) the schedule of implementation. 4.4 Public consultations The ESIA results and the proposed mitigation measures will be discussed with local communities, NGOs, local administration and other organizations mainly involved by the project activities. Recommendations from this public consultation will be included in the final ESIA report. 4.5 Plan of the ESIA Report 4.5.1 Cover page 4.5.2 Table of Contents 4.5.3 List of Acronyms 4.5.4 Executive Summary 4.5.5 Introduction 4.5.6 Description of project activities 4.5.7 Description of Environment in the project area 4.5.8 Description of policy, legal and Institutional Framework 4.5.7 Description of the methodology and techniques used in assessment and analysis of the project impacts 4.5.8 Description of environmental and social impacts for project activities 4.5.9 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the project including the proposed mitigation measures; 4.5.10 Institutional responsibilities for monitoring and implementation; Summarized table for ESMP. 91 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 4.6.0 Recommendations 4.6.1 References 4.6.2 List of Persons/Institutions met 4.6.3 Qualification of the Consultant 4.6.4 The Consultant firm to conduct the ESIA studies will be based on their past performances and quality of the deliverable. 4.6.5 Duration of Study 4.6.6 The Duration of study will be determined according to the type of activity 4.6.7 Production of final Report The Consultant firm will produce the final report one (1) week after receiving comments from Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project -PIU and WB. The final report will include comments from these institutions. 92 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 5: Complaints Registration Form Sub Project Name: ……………………………………………………. Complaints Registration Form Location : District : _ Local Government : PAP/IP /Other stakeholder Name: Classification of the grievance (Check box) Community committee/formation Inter-community dispute Does he/she inform the local grievance redress committee of his/her neighborhood regarding to this grievance? Yes No Brief description of the grievance: What is the perceived cause? Suggested action (by complainant) to address grievance: Received on behalf of Project by: Registration no: Name: Designation: Signature: Date: / / 93 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 6: Grievance Handling Mechanism (GRM) A. Grievances Redress Mechanisms Grievances may arise from members of communities who are dissatisfied with: (a) the eligibility criteria, (b) community planning measures, (c) choice and approval of sub projects and allocation of funds or (d) actual implementation. This section sets out the measures to be used to manage grievances. The overall process of grievance handling is as follows: ❖ Compensation committees including representatives of PAPs will establish the compensation rates. ❖ During the initial stages of the valuation process, the affected persons are given copies of grievance procedures as a guide on how to handle the grievances/sensitization of PAPs. ❖ The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the grievances to be addressed for reference, and to enable progress updates of the cases. ❖ The project will use a local mechanism, which includes peers and local leaders or council of elders of the affected people. These will ensure equity across cases; they eliminate nuisance claims and satisfy legitimate claimants at low cost. ❖ The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed. Compensation will be paid to individual PAPs only after a written consent of the PAPs is received ❖ Should a PAP decline the compensation suggested, he/she could appeal to the local GRM Committee; parish, Local government, District, PIU, Ministerial Agriculture Taskforce, or Courts as the case may be. ❖ A GRM committee or Compensation Committee (CC) and/or local Land Control Board at the local level will first revise his/her case. ❖ Then the CC will draft its inclusions and submit them to the implementing agencies (IAs) for deliberation in the aim of settling the differences. And when these have failed the individual PAP has the right to take his case to the civil courts for litigation. In order to deal with the grievance that may rise during the implementation of the RAP, there is need to incorporate a grievance redress process with IAs and with PAPs representatives committee to hear the complaints and provide solutions, and reduce unnecessary litigation by resolving disputes through mediation. B. Grievance Redress Process At the time the individual resettlement plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed, affected individuals and homesteads would have been informed of the process for expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. The grievance procedure will be simple, administered as far as possible at the local levels to facilitate access, flexibility and open to various scrutiny. The GRM Committee, Resettlement Committee4 or the indigenous people council of elders being a party to the contract would not be the best office to receive, handle and rule on disputes. 4 The role of this committee, establishment and composition will be detailed in the project operational manual 94 94 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Therefore, taking these concerns into account, all grievances concerning non-fulfillment of contracts, project implementation issues, levels of compensation, or seizure of assets without compensation should be addressed to the relevant GRM Office. If the verdict rendered by the GRM Committee at that level is not acceptable to either the individual affected or the management committee, then the parties agree to escalate the matter to the next level. The grievance redress mechanisms is designed with the objective of solving disputes at the earliest possible time which will be in the interest of all parties concerned and therefore implicitly discourages referring such matters to the Courts which would otherwise take a considerably longer time. Grievance procedures may be invoked at any time, depending on the complaint. No person or community from whom land or other productive assets are to be taken will be required to surrender those assets until any complaints s/he has about the method or value of the assets or proposed measures are satisfactorily resolved. All attempts would be made to settle grievances. Those seeking redress and wishing to state grievances would do so by notifying their area GRM Committee or Council of Elders. The GRM Committee representative will inform and consult with the relevant actors: the IA, the local Land Control Board and PAP and other records to determine the validity of the claim. If valid, the committee will notify the complainant and s/he will be settled. If the complainants claim is rejected, then the matter will either rest at that or the complainant lodges an appeal at the next highest GRM level. If the PAP is still dissatisfied with their decision, then s/he will be free to seek the determination by a Court of Law as provided for in the Constitution. The decision of the High Court would be final and all such decisions must be reached within a full growing season after the complaint is lodged. If a complaint pattern emerges, the IAs, the GRM Committees and the local Council of Elders will discuss possible remediation. The local leaders will be required to give advice concerning the need for revisions to procedures. Once they agree on necessary and appropriate changes, then a written description of the changed process will be made. The IA and the local GRM Committee will be responsible for communicating any changes to future potential PAPs when the consultation process with them begins. 95 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 7: Guidelines for Preparation of ESMPs 1. The EA process involves the identification and development of measures aimed at eliminating, offsetting and/or reducing environmental and social impacts to levels that are acceptable during implementation and operation of the projects. As an integral part of EA, ESMP provides an essential link between the impacts predicted and mitigation measures specified within the EA and implementation and operation activities. While there are no standard formats for ESMPs, it is recognized that the format needs to fit the circumstances in which the ESMP is being developed and the requirements, which it is designed to meet. Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project is preparing a standard ESMP in a format suitable for inclusion as technical specifications in the contract documents. ESMPs should be prepared after taking into account comments and clearance conditions from both the relevant agency providing environmental clearance and WB. Given below are the important elements that constitute an ESMP. a) Description of Mitigation Measure 2. Feasible and cost-effective measures to minimize adverse impacts to acceptable levels should be specified with reference to each impact identified. Further, the EMP should provide details on the conditions under which the mitigation measure should be implemented. The EMP should also distinguish between the type of solution proposed (structural and non-structural) and the phase in which it should become operable (design, construction and/or operation). Efforts should also be made to mainstream environmental and social aspects wherever possible. b) Monitoring program 3. In order to ensure that the proposed mitigation measures have the intended results and comply with national standards and World Bank requirements, an environmental performance monitoring program should be included in the EMP. The monitoring program should give details of the following: • Monitoring indicators to be measured for evaluating the performance of each mitigation measure (for example: national standards, engineering structures, extent of area replanted, etc.) • Monitoring mechanisms and methodologies • Monitoring frequency • Monitory locations 96 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) c) Institutional arrangements 4. Institutions/parties responsible for implementing mitigation measures and for monitoring their performance should be clearly identified. Where necessary, mechanisms for institutional coordination should be identified, as often, monitoring tends to involve more than one institution. d) Implementing schedules 5. Timing, frequency and duration of mitigation measures with links to the overall implementation schedule of the project should be specified. e) Reporting procedures 6. Feedback mechanisms to inform the relevant parties on the progress and effectiveness of the mitigation measures and monitoring itself should be specified. Guidelines on the type of information wanted and the presentation of feedback information should also be highlighted. f) Cost estimates and sources of funds 7. Implementation of mitigation measures mentioned in the EMP will involve an initial investment cost as well as recurrent costs. The EMP should include cost estimates f into the sub-project design, bidding and contract documents to ensure that the contractors will comply with the mitigation measures. The costs for implementing the EMP will be included in the sub-project design. 97 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 8: Framework for a Physical Cultural Resource Plan (PCRP) 1. The Objectives of the PCRP The objective of this bank policy (BP4.11) is to assist borrowing countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development project the Bank finances. In addition, it states that the impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities including mitigating measures may not contravene either the borrower’s national legislation or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. 2. The Purpose of the PCRP During the ESIA study the physical and cultural resources were also documented and evaluated. This plan forms part of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) developed during the ESIA study for the backbone project. Its role is to specify how the physical and cultural resources, i.e. archaeological, cemeteries, paleontological and botanical remains will be managed to ensure adequately considerations in conservation and project development, especially during design, construction and operation. The format of the PCR Plan is straightforward. The legal and institutional frameworks for the management and conservation of PCR are briefly outlined. The PCR i.e. archaeological, artifacts, cemeteries, paleontological and botanical remains is then described and discussed in some detail. It is divided into a number of discrete categories, each of which is considered in terms of its significance and it’s potential. Finally a series of conservation and management measures are presented. 3. Physical Cultural Resources in the Project Impacted Area Investigation and archaeological surveys prior to the implementation of the project were undertaken for the purpose of recognizing the PCR in the area. In the DEALCRP, there is little likelihood of interference with any know PCR in project areas. The crop, livestock and fisheries activities will be undertaken at sites previously use and designated at farm lands or fish landing facilities. The project however, considers chance findings remote possibilities, therefore the project implemented an integral element of EA (EMP to include PCR Plan as needed, or “Chance Finds” provision). This is typically triggered by: ➢ any sub project involving significant scale excavation, earth moving, irrigation other construction related activities; ➢ any sub project in or near PCR site recognized by borrower; ➢ Archaeological survey to identify/characterise PCR (or to confirm none are present); and ➢ Mitigation may range from full protection to salvage & documentation (Borrower decides). 4. Chance findings during project implementation ▪ Investigation during the implementation of the project should also be undertaken for the purpose of spotting the Physical Cultural Resources in the area. In this PCR management plan, random surveys will be employed. These surveys shall be conducted in areas with a high probability or suspicions of chance PCR findings. ▪ The key elements of the Chance Finds Procedure: ✓ Implemented as integral element of Environmental and Social Assessment (EMP to include PCR Plan as needed, or “Chance Finds” provision) ✓ Typically triggered by: ▪ Any sub-project involving significant excavation, earth moving, flooding. 98 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ▪ Any sub-project in or near PCR site recognized by borrower ✓ Archaeological survey to identify/characterize PCR (or to confirm none as present) ✓ Mitigation may range from full protection to salvage & documentation (Borrower decides) All cultural materials located or distributed shall be recorded, collected and mapped out using a global positioning system (GPS). Shovel test pits (STP) shall be conducted to supplement surface observations in areas with plenty of surface scatters. This will be followed by evaluation of the identified PCR to decide what measures should be taken. The evaluation process will be followed by the exercise of treatment. At this stage the handling and management of the resources will be done according to their tradition, typology and cultural sequence. The last stage will be documentation and publication of the findings recovered from the area in order to share knowledge with professionals and the community at large. Survey and salvage work shall be undertaken by a qualified archaeologist recognized and permitted by the Ministry of Youth, Sports, Culture and Constituency Empowerment. The lead archaeologist shall be experienced in the region in which the project impact area lies. In the event that the team is led by an international consultant, it is expected that the team will consist of both international and local archaeologists. 5.0 Capacity Building/Awareness and Mobilization All non-experts in physical cultural resources involved in execution of the project shall be briefed on the basics of physical cultural resources. The training shall aim at enabling non-experts in physical cultural resources to identify, prevent damage to physical cultural resources, record and report whenever they encounter any cultural resource with the project area. These will include the following teams amongst others: i) awareness training of Contractors and Supervisors; ii) Implementing agencies 6.0 Roles and Responsibilities 6.1 The Social Safeguards Specialist (SSS) The SSS shall function as an overseer throughout the execution of the PCR plan. The SSS shall accompany consultant throughout survey and salvage operations. Furthermore, the officer shall determine the action to be taken at the discovery site within an agreed time. Such actions may include the following: • Removal of PCR deemed to be of significance; • Execution of further excavation within a specified distance from the discovery point; and • Extension or reduction of the area demarcated by the contractor. The SSO will ensure that the conducts of consultant, contractor and other personnel in the project are not harmful to physical cultural recourses. 6.2 Contractor During the execution of the works, if a PCR comes to light, the contractor shall stop the works and communicate to SSS. However, contractor may decide whether to stop all works, or only the works immediately involved in the discovery depending on the nature of PCR encountered. 99 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) After stopping work, the contractor must immediately report the discovery to the Project Engineer. With the approval of the Project Engineer and contractor is then required to temporarily demarcate, and limit access to, the site. The contractor will be entitled to establish an agreement with SSS and/or Project Engineer for additional services or resources under a separate contract. 100 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 9: National Stakeholder Consultation and Response Format Project Safeguards Public Consultative Workshop Held at Headquarters Conference Room On date ….2018 Comments raised by Participants MAFF response General Comments • • • Annex 10: Matrix of Observations, Comments and Responses on DEALCRP Frameworks Format Comments and Observations Responses I. DEALCRP Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 101 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 10b: Format for capturing Public/Indigenous Peoples consultation participation for the Dominican Emergency Agricultural Livelihood and Climate Resilience Project No. Name of Title/position Institution Cellphone Email Sign participant 102 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 11: Template on RAP process 1.0 Process for Screening, Preparing And Approving RAPs 1.1 Introduction This section sets out the step by step process that DEALCRP will undertake to determine whether the Sub- projects will result in physical or economic displacements, and therefore whether a RAP is required and if so, how to prepare and implement one. Section E.6 describes the screening process, while sections thereafter describe the detailed actions required to prepare RAPs. The screening process presented below will ensure that Sub-projects presented to DEALCRP for funding comply with the requirements of Involuntary and Resettlement Policy (OP/BP 4.12) and the GoCD Sections B and Screening for Involuntary Resettlement Sub-project screening is used to identify the types and nature of potential impacts related to the activities proposed under the Project and to provide adequate measures to address the impacts. Screening for resettlement issues shall be part of the environmental and social screening, as is detailed in the ESMF. Measures to address resettlement shall ensure that PAPs are: (a) Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement; (b) Included in the consultation process and given the opportunity to participate in the selection of technically and economically feasible alternatives; (c) Provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for; and (d) Losses of assets and access attributable to the Sub-project(s) Sub-project screening will be incorporated into the Sub-project application form which the County must submit as part of their county development plan. The goal is to identify and consider resettlement issues as early as possible. On the basis of the screening, the ECU/PIU Social Safeguards Specialist for agriculture project will propose which of the following options should be put in place: (a) an option assessment of alternative project designs with a view to avoid and/or reduce displacement risks; (b) the elaboration of an open minded option assessment as vulnerable and physically challenged groups might be affected and if avoidance is not feasible an IPP is formulated (this decision will need to be co-signed by the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups screening structure); and (c) the elaboration of a resettlement action plan to address all other resettlement risks (See in Annex 2).For projects not anticipated to result in displacement, and where loss of assets are anticipated to be negligible, then this information shall also be indicated in the Sub-project application form along with a request to waive the requirement for a RAP. 103 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 1.2 Screening Checklist The screening checklist form is shown in Annex 1, will be incorporated into the Project’s Implementation Manual/project operational manual. The screening checklist will be completed by a ECU officer and submitted to the PIU for a decision. In case that vulnerable and IP groups might be affected, the IPP provides an additional recommendation whether the justification for a physical and/or economic resettlement and/or whether the proposed option is shared by the affected vulnerable and indigenous communities. 1.3 Screening Review Form The screening form will then need to be reviewed by the District Environment Committee and cleared by the PIU. The Resettlement Committee will advise whether an additional option assessment should be carried out with a view to avoid or reduce the physical or economic displacement or whether the argument of the Sub-project proposal is providing sufficient evidence for the proposed decision. The checklist review form, presented in Annex 1, prompts the reviewer to verify the information provided, and confirm the best course of action. 1.4 Sub-project design If the screening indicates that an individual Sub-project requires in its present layout the physical or economic resettlement, the project, which might want to finance this Sub-project, will advise on the relevant implementation structures. 1.5 Baseline and Socioeconomic Data An important aspect of preparing a RAP is to establish appropriate socioeconomic baseline data to identify the persons who will be displaced by the individual Sub-project, to determine who will be eligible for compensation and assistance, and to discourage inflow of people who are ineligible for these benefits. The data will include the age and gender of the PAPs. The PAPs may be classified into three groups: a. Those who have formal legal rights to the land they occupy; b. Those who do not have formal legal rights to land, but have a claim to land that is recognized or recognizable under the national laws including those measures put in place by the draft land policy; or c. Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they occupy. 104 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) In summary, the census consolidates information that 1) provides initial information on the scale of resettlement to be undertaken; 2) gives an indication of further socioeconomic research needed to quantify losses to be compensated and, if required, to design appropriate development interventions; and 3) establishes indicators that can/be measured at a later date during monitoring and evaluation. An illustrative example of a census survey form is provided in Annex 3. Baseline data for Sub-project RAPs will include: number of persons; number, type, and area of the houses to be affected; number, category and area of residential plots and agricultural land to be affected; and productive assets to be affected as a percentage of total productive assets. 1.6 Preparation of a Sub-project RAP A RAP shall be prepared by a consultant preferably with the support of technical service providers or mobile extension teams, for Sub-projects that have been determined to result in potential involuntary resettlement and/or land acquisition. When a RAP is required, the District team shall submit completed studies along with their RAP's Sub-project application to the PIU for appraisal, and subsequently approval. Detailed guidelines for preparing a RAP and an abbreviated RAP are available on the World Bank's website (www.worldbank.org) and in the World Bank's Resettlement and Rehabilitation Guidebook. The basic elements of a RAP are provided in the Table 12 below. Table 12: Contents of a RAP – Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP/BP 4.12) • Description of activity and its potential impact • Census survey • Methodology for valuation • Particular aspects of the legal framework for land acquisition and compensation, as applied to the sub-project; • Particular aspects of the compensation framework as applied to the sub-project; • Description of resettlement assistance and restoration of livelihood activities; • Detailed budget; • Implementation schedule; • Particular aspects of the description of organizational responsibilities, as applied to the sub- project; • Details of public consultations, participation, and planning for the sub-projects; • Particular aspects of the description of provisions for redress of grievances, as applied to the sub-project; and • Particular aspects of framework for monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, as applied to the sub-project. 105 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 1.7 Review of Sub-project RAPs Sub-projects proposed by the District will be reviewed and recommended by the Resettlement Committee (RC). In this process, RC will review eligibility for Sub-projects based on field appraisals, which includes results of the environmental and social screening used and consequently, approval by the District steering committee. The RAP will be submitted once completed to the county technical team/Resettlement committee for screening and approval in compliance with the project institutional administrative arrangements. It is anticipated that districts will not have the institutional capacity to prepare RAPs or studies during the start of the program and thus will be assisted and supported by the PIU. The identified service providers/ stakeholders will be capacity build on RAP development to be able to assist the districts in developing and implementing the RAP. 1.8 Strategy to handle Conflicts As the screening process is carried out by the beneficiaries, they will establish an independent grievance mechanism, guided by the District Steering Groups, to inform all PAPs about the project and receive and address specific concerns about compensation and relocation that are raised by displaced persons or members of host communities, including a recourse mechanism designed to resolve disputes in an impartial manner. 1.9 Compensation and Benefits for Displaced Persons The Implementation Agencies will oversee the implementation of resettlement activities and ensure that displacement or restriction of access does not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. When displacement cannot be avoided, the project, which wants to finance the individual sub- project, will offer displaced persons and communities’ compensation for loss of assets at full replacement cost and other assistance to help them improve or at least restore their standards of living or livelihoods. Where livelihoods of displaced persons are land-based, or where land is collectively owned, the projects will offer land-based compensation. The project will further provide opportunities to displaced persons and communities to derive appropriate development benefits from the project. 1.1.0 Loss of Property This includes loss of: houses, crops and trees, structures, fixed improvements, businesses which should be compensated at market valuation, negotiated settlements, productivity valuation, material and labor valuation. In cases where the loss is partial then disposition of salvage material will be exercised. Cash payments may also be made if a small fraction of property is lost instead of replacing the whole property, but if the partial loss results in the PAPs not being economically viable then the property is replaced. Those who lose houses will also be assisted with temporary residence (if necessary). 106 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 1.1.1 Loss of Wages and Income These are persons who will lose their income due to the project. Workers losing employment in the process of relocation should be entitled to transitional income support. Compensation equivalent to lost income required for the duration of impact should be paid to the latter. In addition, PAPs will be entitled to transitional assistance, which include moving expenses, temporary residence (if necessary), and employment in the project while waiting employment. In difficult cases, local authorities such as chiefs may be used to judge eligibility as well as village committees. 1.1.2 Cut-Off Date Cut-off dates are essential in the process of drawing up lists to ensure that ineligible persons do not take the opportunity to claim eligibility. The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/rush migration into the chosen land thereby posing a major risk to the sub-project. The cut-off date for this project shall be determined by the Resettlement Committee, as appropriate, making anyone who makes a claim for loss of land or any assets after such a date ineligible for expropriation/ compensation. The entitlement cut-off date refers to the time when the assessment of persons and their property in the identified project areas are carried out, i.e. the time when the sub-project owners/implementers have identified the land sites they would need and when the socio- economic study is taking place. Thereafter, no new cases of affected people will be considered. Unfinished structures would be identified and secured, and unused materials for individual constructions will be gathered at the site so that the cut–off survey can estimate PAP’s investment which should be compensated for in lieu of expenses (including labour) incurred until the cut–off date. Because the time period between the cut-off date and the time that actual productive investments (civil works, etc.) would start, (e.g. likely to be anytime period from six months on), special attention needs to be taken to secure the sites from rush and opportunistic invasion. 107 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) These measures could include close consultation with the recognized PAPs, signs that inform general public of intended use of site, security patrols to identify opportunistic invaders etc. Further patrols and monitoring of any violation of the cut-off date could be carried out by local administration and be reported to the district resettlement committee. This could also be done both by the local PAPs representatives or the local community. The cut-off date is to be chosen in close consultation with the local governments responsible for land administration, and local leaders and the sub project owners/implementers. This should occur as soon as possible after the affected land is identified. This process must be in full compliance with the conflict resolution mechanisms in this RPF and this date must be communicated effectively to the potential PAPs and surrounding local communities. The local community and community leaders will play a crucial role in identifying users of land. 1.1.3 Consultation During the implementation of the resettlement program consultations should take place as early as possible; disclosure of all relevant information, documentation and sharing will be done through the project’s communication channels and other community platforms including the grievance redress mechanisms systems to ensure all stakeholders are reached and have relevant information to make informed decision. The project will ensure RAPs consultation with all stakeholders and PAPs prior through informed participation including host communities, in decision making processes related to the formulation and implementation of the resettlement action plan. The PIU will ensure that consultations continue throughout the project cycle to ensure that the living conditions of the PAPs are enhanced and/or restored. 1.1.4 Approval of Resettlement Action Plans 6 The document in which a project proponent or other responsible entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by an investment project. After clearance from the Resettlement Committee, the compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation activities of the RAP will be satisfactorily completed and verified by the communities before funds can be disbursed for civil works under the Sub-project. The ESMPs and RAPs developed for Sub-projects will also be reviewed by the Implementation Agencies and the World Bank. For quality assurance, it is required that RAPs prepared for sub-projects be submitted to the World Bank for review must ensure that they are produced in line with the OP 4.12. Gaps in quality shall be addressed through training at the county level for relevant service providers and 6 Read together with the project operational manual 108 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 1.1.4a Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP An Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) is a public document which specifies the procedures and actions to be undertaken to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to project affected households. The ARAP is to ensure that all the persons affected by the project are exclusively engaged and adequately compensated for loss of assets and other livelihoods. The ARAP may be developed to avoid involuntary resettlement or, when unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring other alternatives, to avoid forced eviction, to mitigate unavoidable adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or restrictions on land use. The Emergency Agricultural Livelihood and Climate Resilient Project does not envisage the displacement or relocation of Beneficiaries and as of such an ARAP will not be developed. However the guidelines are attached as annex 2 , if the need arises for this safeguard instrument. ARAP is recommended for less than 200 Project Affected Persons (PAP)s. Project Affected Persons are those as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. 109 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 1.1.5 Qualifications and Experience The assignment will be carried out by a firm. The firm should have a set of skill mix and higher levels of qualifications. The Lead Consultant should have a minimum of five (5) years working experience in sociology, anthropology, development planning or other relevant field. S/he should also have expertise and knowledge in social safeguards or involuntary resettlement like Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The Lead Consultant should have relevant experience with working with international development institutions like the World Bank, the IFC, and the African Development Bank among others. Such experience will be an added advantage. Knowledge about World Bank safeguard policies and experience in the agriculture sector will be additional advantage. Other members of the team should have expertise in similar fields including community mobilization and participatory and consultation skills. The team members should have at least three years of post- graduation experience in the fields spelt out for the Lead Consultant. Knowledge and experience in World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement, OP4.12, will equally be added advantages. 1.1.6 Facilities to be provided by Client The consultant shall be provided with project documents, studies already conducted for the project including ESIA and participatory strategy. The client may also facilitate meeting with stakeholders for the consultant to give legitimacy and support from the key stakeholders. 1.1.7 Time Frame The assignment shall be completed within six (6) weeks after signing of contract. 1.1.7.1 Expected Output/Deliverables and Reporting Format The Consultant is expected to have the following deliverables: i. Inception Report with detailed work plan and indicators of performance within one (1) week after signing of contract. This will be discussed by consultant, client and other experts to ensure quality of final outcome. Six (6) copies shall be submitted to the client. In addition there shall be an electronic version. ii. Draft Report to be delivered three (3) weeks after submission of inception report: This will be circulated for comments and relevant issues raised incorporated into revised version. Eight copies shall be submitted to the client. In addition the consultant will provide an electronic version. 110 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) iii. Final Report to be delivered two (2) weeks after submission of draft report. The final report should include a concise Executive Summary and should have all annexes and bibliography and the dissemination/disclosure plan. 1.1.8 Payment Schedule a) Signing of Contract and start of assignment 10% b) Submission of Inception Report 20% c) Submission of Draft final Report 40% d) Submission of Final Acceptable Report 30% including but not limited to the following Annexes: • List of Relevant Institutions • Outline of a Sub-Project Resettlement Action Plan • List of Methods of Valuation of Assets • Copies of census and survey instruments, interview formats, and any other research tools; • Information on all public consultation including announcements and schedules of public meetings, meeting minutes, and lists of attendees. • Examples of formats to be used in monitoring and reporting on RAP implementation • References 111 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 12: Preliminary Suggested Template for a Site-Specific ESMP Narrative Contents Acronyms 1. Introduction a. Context b. Institutional framework for the implementation of the project 2. Environmental and Social Aspects of the Proposed Site for Construction/Reconstruction (based on the Screening Information) a. Site location b. Geology and Soils c. Topography d. Natural hazards e. Vegetation cover f. Fauna g. Other hazards, such as existing debris, pests, etc. 3. Description of the works that will be performed for the construction: a. Access clearing (if applicable) b. Site clearing c. Vegetation clearing d. Campsite installation e. Workers camp installation f. Civil works g. Water h. Sanitation i. Electricity/energy 4. Environmental legislation and safeguards applicable to the proposed works a. National and local/provincial legislation b. World Bank Policies and Requirements 5. Potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed construction work on (based on the Screening Form and additional information): A.During construction/reconstruction a. Topography b. Soils c. Vegetation d. Fauna e. Water (surface and underground) f. Air quality g. Natural resources h. Social impacts (potential workers’ influx, community conflicts, others) i. Community health and safety 112 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) j. Workers’ health and safety k. Other (as applicable) B.Upon house occupation a. Soils b. Vegetation c. Fauna d. Water (surface and underground) e. Air quality f. Natural resources g. Other (as applicable) 6. Environmental, Social and Health and Safety Management (following the mitigation hierarchy: avoid, minimize, mitigate, compensate/offset) including grievance redress mechanism and communication and stakeholder engagement (based on, and expanded from, the general checklist of good practice management measures described in Annex A). a. Consultations with neighbors and affected communities 7. Monitoring Program during construction and Monitoring Indicators 113 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 13: Checklist of good practice management measures for small and medium-scale livestock and fisheries units I. General 1. Selection of safe site for Animal housing/ shelter (avoid landslide risks, steep slopes-not more than 30%, fractured rock/land mass, flood risks and areas prone to coastal erosion.); 2. Prevailing Climatic conditions (consider “normal” rainfall and wind direction, slope orientation, land stability and drainage) – for appropriate structure orientations, openings, protected crop cover, livestock houses and on-farm buildings etc.; 3. Design disaster resistant building for all on-farm and agriculture livelihoods infrastructure; 4. Design and locate all public agriculture livelihoods infrastructure to ease access by the disabled and other vulnerable groups; 5. Reduce pressure on the forests by re-using the salvaged materials (particularly timber) and through use of pre-fabricated parts (such as steel/ aluminum truss, etc., where possible). 6. Incorporate use of solar energy in agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; 7. Convert animal to bio-gas and manure to augment farm income or reduce farm cost of production; 8. Increase rainwater harvesting and storage for all on-farm needs; 9. Install improved/ smokeless stoves (if bio-mass fuel is used indoor); 10. Implement good waste disposal practices to eliminate vector breeding sites, 11. Increase awareness of sanitation facilities/ on-farm latrine, composting, etc., to attain required environmental health and safety standards and Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs); 12. Improved sheds for livestock shed / poultry/ piggery, to withstand extreme climatic / geo- hazards events; and 13. Ensure that on-farm sheds / housing meet environmental health and safety standards. II. For each small & medium scale livestock and fisheries units 1. Secure the necessary authorizations in accordance with the laws and regulations in force; 2. Ensure compliance with the hygiene and safety measures and the WB EHS Guidelines for each proposed unit; 3. Ensure the supply of drinking water to workers and to the facility / structure to be built or reconstructed; 4. Ensure the adequate sewage disposal for workers; 5. Ensure that there are adequate procedures to collect, manage and dispose of the domestic wastes generated by the workers, as well as for the future use by agriculture workers and or farmers; 6. Establish a site regulation (what is allowed and not allowed in construction sites – Workers’ Code of Conduct - to ensure good relations with neighboring residents and farmlands); 114 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 7. Inform and sensitize the population before any activity that could temporarily affect any private / public goods; 8. Protect properties neighboring the site; 9. Prioritize the hiring of local population; 10. Sensitize site staff on STIs / HIV / AIDS - Organize sensitization and health education sessions for workers and surrounding communities, including the dissemination of counseling cards to prevent contracting STIs. These sessions will include components specifically dedicated to AIDS and HIV; 11. If applicable, install signs to include pedestrian crossings in villages adjacent to sites; 12. Ensure the free flow of the traffic and the access of the neighboring populations during the works; 13. Adopt a speed limit for construction machinery and private vehicle owners; 14. Install containers to collect the waste produced next to the sectors of activity; 15. Ensure the collection and disposal of waste from the works; 16. Properly dispose of oils and solid waste – discarding to soil or water is prohibited; 17. Materials used should be sourced from existing and authorized suppliers; 18. Any borrow pit must be rehabilitated after the closure of the works in order to preserve the aesthetic aspect of the landscape and to avoid the proliferation of mosquitoes and other pests vectors; 19. Carry out compensation in case of deforestation or felling of trees; 20. Prevent land clearing and implement protection measures in protected areas with rare species, and where appropriate, reforest with specific species; 21. To avoid air pollution, employ dust removal techniques, such as the application of water spray- truck or nontoxic chemicals, should be put in place to reduce the amount of dust at the site and in the access roads; 22. Ensure compliance with safety rules during work; 23. Organize the storage of materials, parking and machine movements to avoid any discomfort to neighbors; 24. Respect physical cultural resources; 25. Organize the farm operations and construction site activities taking into account the nuisances (noise, dust, spray drifts, odors) and the safety of the surrounding population; 26. Protect the soil during construction, afforestation and stabilization of fragile surfaces; 27. Always ensure proper drainage of the sites; 28. Plan irrigation and drainage works and locate outlets in order to avoid flooding and discharge into neighbor properties; 29. Prepare adequate temporary drainage prior to conducting works that will temporarily disrupt natural drainage patterns; 30. Avoid stagnation of water in construction pits, which could become sources of contamination of the water table and the development of vector-born disease; 115 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 31. Avoid any discharge of sewage, accidental spillage of used oil and discharge of unused agrochemical pollutants in soils, on surfaces or underground waters, in sewers, drainage ditches, etc. III. Community and Workers’ Health and Safety Provide workers with safety equipment, such as helmets, gloves, goggles, dust or chemical masks, protected clothing, (as appropriate) safety shoes, in order to avoid accidents as much as possible to include the following: ▪ Signal and protect any openings or wells, to avoid any risk of accident; ▪ Signal the work area and the farm equipment and vehicular exits; ▪ The contractor will ensure the presence of qualified personnel responsible for Safety and Health; ▪ "Prohibited areas": restricted areas will be established at sites, depending on their level of danger, and personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided; ▪ Access control at the site must be strict to avoid community (and particularly children and house animals) entering the site and any unsafe areas; and ▪ If necessary, to ensure community safety during transport and delivery of materials with heavy load trucks, a transportation procedure should be developed and discussed with the community. 116 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 14: Draft Monitoring Environmental and Social Screening Checklist during Project Implementation for the: Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods and Climate Resilience Project No Activity Yes No Explain 1 Is the project materially compliant If No, please provide with all relevant Performance details of any material Requirements (taking into account all non- compliance: agreed action plans, exemptions or derogations)? 2 Is the project materially compliant with If No, please provide all applicable environmental and social details of any material policies, laws and regulations? non- compliance: 3 Have there been any accidents or If yes, please describe, incidents that have caused damage to including details of the environment, brought about actions to repair and injuries or fatalities, affected project prevent re-occurrence: labour, children, women or indigenous communities, vulnerable persons, affected cultural property, or created liabilities for the project? 4 Have there been any changes to If yes, please describe: environment, social, labour or health and safety laws or regulations that have materially affected the company? 5 How many inspections did you receive from the environmental Please provide details of authorities during the reporting these visits, including period? number and nature of any violations found 6 How many inspections did you receive from the health and safety Please provide details of these visits, including 117 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) authorities during the reporting number and nature of period? any violations found 7 How many inspections did you Please provide details of receive from the labour authorities these visits, including during the reporting period? number and nature of any violations found: 8 Have these visits resulted in any If yes, please describe, penalties, fines and/or corrective including status of action plans? implementing corrective actions to address any violations found: 9 Has the Client sub contracted any If yes, please state for contractors or consultants or service which types of work, and providers for project-related work in how the company has the reporting period? monitored the compliance of contractors with Performance Requirements and the Environmental and Social Action Plan: If yes, please provide 10 Were any of the violations stated details, including how the above the responsibility of Client is ensuring that contractors, consultants or service corrective actions are providers? implemented by the Contractor? If yes, please describe: 11 Have any operations been reduced, temporarily suspended or closed down due to environmental, health, safety or labour or gender based violence reasons? 118 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Please describe any environment or social programs, initiatives or sub-projects undertaken during the reporting period to improve the client’s environmental or social performance and/or management systems: Please indicate the level of associated expenditure (capital expenditure and operating expenditure), and whether this relates to the requirements of the Environmental and Social Action Plan, or to any other initiative: 119 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 15: Elements of an Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) 1) All the IPPs that will be prepared by the agriculture project will include; a) A summary of a scale appropriate to the marginalized community. Relevant baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural characteristics of the affected marginalized communities (including governance structures) and the natural resources on which they depend within project affected area. b) A summary of the social assessment findings c) A summary of the framework for free prior informed consultation and evidence of community input to the framework. d) Results of the FPI-consultation with the affected IPs including considerations for whether broad community support has been achieved e) An action plan of measures to ensure that the IPs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, including measures to enhance the capacity of the project implementing agencies. f) When potential adverse effects on IPs are identified, appropriate action plans of measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for these adverse effects. g) The cost estimates and financing plan for the IPP. h) Accessible procedures appropriate to the project to address grievances by the affected IPs arising from project implementation. When designing the grievance procedures, the borrower takes into account resolution of grievances at lowest levels possible; the availability of judicial recourse and customary dispute settlement mechanisms among the IPs’. i) Mechanisms and benchmarks appropriate to the project for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the implementation of the IPP. The monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should include arrangements for the free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected IPs’. 120 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 16: Integrated Pest Management Plan (Annex 16 of ESMF. See separate volume) 121 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 17: Natural Habitats and Forest Management Plan Contents Project Background ------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg. 3 Overall Goal ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg. 4 Relevant Goals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg. 4 Expected Accomplishment ---------------------------------------------------------------Pg. 4 Key Activities to be undertaken ---------------------------------------------------------Pg. 5 Implementation Plan------------------------------------------------------------------------Pg. 10 Project Background On September 18, 2017 Dominica was devastated by Hurricane Maria, continuing a trend that has seen the island decimated by recent storms and hurricanes in the last five (5) years. The category 5 storm severely affected or destroyed most forested areas (including all 9 vegetation types from coast to elfin forests of all mountain ranges). An estimated 90-95% of the forest trees were defoliated, with over 50% either having fallen to the ground or having suffered broken crowns and branches. Huge portions of soil were eroded in most areas. A great deal of damage was inflicted against our fauna and their habitats. Watersheds were also critically damaged. This factor seriously compromises the national security of Dominica water supply and associated resources. The following project proposal aims to address interventions at the short, medium to long term, which will be undertaken by the Forestry, Wildlife & Parks Division in collaboration with its various partners and stakeholders. This will include labor and budgetary allocations in support of intensive restoration and reforestation operations on national forests (state and private), national parks, eco-tourism sites, farms and watershed zones. This will involve development of guidelines and timelines for intense nursery and in-situ production and distribution of plants for agro-forestry programs, and provision of professional technical support to communities, landowners, farmers, students, researchers and environmentalists. The restorative program seeks to develop and deploy a regime to ensure rehabilitation and resilience enhancement of Dominica’s Forestry and associated livelihoods. This work will be informed by the knowledge gained through capacity and capability building. Therefore detailed relevant studies will be undertaken in other to be better prepared for the task ahead. For example, the regenerative growth effect or potential of different soil type on different species. No doubt, the forestry specialist will be informed on the ability of certain forest species to withstand or sustain high velocity impact of hurricanes or not. What is being referred to here is the suitability of certain species’ resiliency in the event of hurricane disasters. Some of the resultant benefits include: Forest enrichment, strengthening of watersheds and water catchments, supporting agroforestry operations, enhancing eco-tourism potential and providing a foundation for continuing study programs. The programme will manifest in three (3) primary components Component 1: The Restoration of key Forest Resources and Processes Thus: Restoration of Ecosystem integrity by massive clearing of forest debris (use of wood chips & other organic matter in rebuilding soil structure) and utilization of economical timber Species. 122 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Will include extensive tree planting programs through the use of forest wildings, seedlings and Broadcast of forest seeds Involvement of community members and other stakeholders through educational programs and practical field capacity training. Component 2: Protected areas to be sustainably managed This should include requisite capacity development support: G.I.S Data mapping and Forest Resource Inventorying Compliance to REDD+ and other initiatives. Component 3: National Livelihoods, food and nutritional security involving the implementation of Agro-forestry and Climate Smart Silvo-pastoral systems Overall Goal Building Resilience and Sustainable Restoration of Dominica’s Forestry Sector Post Hurricane Maria. Relevant Goals 1. To provide the necessary support, interventions and participatory approach to strengthen the overall Forest Management Capacity and capability on island through a number of activities including systematic data management to respond to the ever growing threat of Climate Change and sustainable livelihood. 2. The Maintenance of a long term Biodiversity program, through implementation of reforestation activities and agroforestry interventions within the National Parks, Forest Reserves, the Kalinago Territory, State and Private lands. Expected Accomplishment 1. The physical assessment of damaged and vulnerable forest and watersheds zones. 2. Inventory of key Flora and Fauna Species 3. Clearing of debris and utilization of merchantable timber species. 4. The Establishment of components of forestry sample plots (for research) and agro-forestry plots for data collection. 5. The establishment of In-situ Forest Nurseries. 6. Implementing large scale reforestation activities to replace damaged trees and to strengthen vulnerable forests and watersheds. 7. The undertaking of capacity training for Forestry & Agriculture staff, farmers, landowners, students and volunteers on Reforestation and other programs, including forest fire & Invasive Alien Species monitoring and control. 8. The rehabilitation of existing industrial forest plantations and the establishment of new ones. 123 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 9. The Development of Forest and Watershed Management Plans and intense monitoring. Key Activities to be undertaken I. Assessments will be conducted in other to determine the critical areas for replanting. This will, of necessity involve: The possible engagement of selected retired forestry officers to assist with the assessment and research procedures and collective approach towards the decision making on the required species to be planted within the different forest types on island. Conduct study of most resilient tree species which survived impacts of Hurricane Maria and which ones appeared best suited for land stabilization and reforestation purposes as per site. Encouragement of the private sector and non-governmental organizations to get more involved in forestry, agroforestry, wildlife, national parks and watershed management. Undertaking joint field trips with volunteers, 4-H clubs, church groups, NEP staff and other interested individuals to the various forest ranges to assess suitable areas for planting and collecting of seeds and wildings. II. The utilization of fallen trees within the Northern/Central Forest Reserves. Also to further utilize The fallen trees within the various existing industrial plantations on island and along the reserve lines that are accessible, and selected states lands. The harvest lumber and fallen timber deriving from the above activities will be sold to the public. This will greatly benefit the construction sector through rebuilding efforts of homes and furniture making. Thus this will greatly facilitate livelihood for construction workers, chainsaw operators, and furniture makers. Other valuable tree species within the National Parks and WNT will be utilized by the Forestry Division for lumber production; as well as using wood chipping machines to break down branches into chips for composting and other uses. Another area of income generation will involve charcoal makers (that is the conversion of lumber into fuel wood). III. Rehabilitation/repair of forest stations within the different forest ranges, particularly D’leau Gommier, Delices and Calibishie in order to: Maintain the presence of the forest officers in direct and close contact with the forest users and communities to ensure that a vibrant relationship during the restoration process. To accommodate and facilitate regional and international technical assistance (both local & foreign) which will be very vital for updating assessments and compilation of data for monitoring and evaluations of future regeneration plots. Assist foresters during the process of tree sales and lumber production for the proper monitoring and scrutinizing of the said activities. In addition, this will assist in decreasing the incidences of theft of trees within the forest reserves and national parks. 124 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) To facilitate and to conduct patrols and to adequately delegate the work duties among the foresters. IV. Establishment of ten (10) In-Situ Nurseries in strategic locations on island to: Produce over fifteen thousand (15,000) seedlings per nursery/year. The dimensions of nursery shall be 20ft x 20ft. Among the tree species to be stocked will include Mahogany, Cupresus, Blue Mahoe, Coubaril, Carapit, Bois Blanc, Balata & other local timber. The agro-forestry species which shall also be stocked in those nurseries will include; Avocado, cashew, mango, tamarind, kenip etc. To enable the strategic distribution of plants to farmers, private land owners and persons attached to the forestry reforestation and restoration program. The plants being cultured in the said nurseries will consist of seedlings and wildings. To facilitate the purchase of planting materials and nursery equipment and supplies such as seeds, polythene bags, one thousand (1000) gallon water tank per nursery, sand, & compost and such other tools and supplies which may be necessary from time to time. Human resource; two (2) or three (3) forestry officers to liaise with schools and community members within each district. V. Establishment of a multipurpose tree planting program which will be undertaken through: Improved environmental awareness of farmers, private land owners, extension officers and the general public about the purpose and advantages of the multipurpose tree planting initiative. Training of persons directly involved in replanting program, as well as extension workers through application of conservation tree planting measures. Production of videos for extension workers. Improved microclimates for agricultural crops. Selection of priority areas of tree planting activities. Selection of specific species such as Calliandra, Sesbania, Gliricidia, Leucaena and vetiver grass to be planted along selected contour strips for soil conservation purposes. Provision of proper fencing material for livestock and wildlife farming. Trees should be planted along farms for the purpose of providing shelterbelt, windbreaks, and habitat for wildlife in order to induce pollination, seed dispersal and apiculture. Trees planted along the roadside must be so done in order to assist in the stabilization of the land and in esthetic beauty. Trees planted along the river banks will help to stabilize the banks there by reducing run off and erosion in general. They will also help in increasing the volumes of water running through the banks as well as helping to maintain watersheds and water catchments. 125 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Where ever possible merchantable tree species such as blue Mahoe, Mahogany, Balata and Pine to be utilized for the replace trees felled by hurricane Maria. This will greatly enhance the forest enrichment effort of the Forestry Division. VI. Watershed Rehabilitation and Management . Noticeable reduction in river/stream flows and depth over emphatically the need for aggressive and comprehensive management the years has indicated rather watershed rehabilitation and management. A large portion of the water catchments have been compromised due to unhealthy agricultural practices (e.g. land clearing up to the river banks), road and trail building, and aggressive housing settlements along the river banks (e.g. the valley area which include, Trafalgar, Shawford, Fond Cane, Cophall, Silver Lake community, Emshall and Bath Estate). All these factors have greatly impacted negatively on our water resource. In addition, these have contributed tremendously to erosion and increased sedimentation. The advent of Maria has indeed accelerated the above described situation to a mammoth state of disrepair. What now obtains is an urgent need for swift remedial action. Water harvesting and supply planning (if any at all) does not fully integrated all stake holders. This to a certain extent helps to complicate the issue of water management in as far as this resource is to be maintained to an acceptable state. The watershed rehabilitation program will require a duration period of four (4) years and will be implemented at critically disturbed geographical basins. The major implementing agency will be Forestry Division. The Division will be assisted by critical partners including DOWASCO, Planning, Lands & Surveys, Division of Agriculture, Environmental Health Department and ECU. There will be a component of investigative which will include existing and state of usage, appropriate land use plan involving GPS field and map work exercises, as well as relevant forestry field exercises (e.g. biodiversity inventory etc.). A program for the restoration of the collection of stream gauging and rainfall data. VII. Large Scale clearing of forest debris and non-merchantable wood species Clearing of specific wood species for charcoal making Clearing of other wood debris by conducting wood chipping operations Composting of other debris for use in forest soil enrichment, farm production and other landscaping needs Development of Program I. Assessments, of critical areas in collaboration with DOWASCO and Lands & Surveys and other stake holders. II. Excess plants produced by the in-situ nurseries but not required for reforestation purposes, may ether be sold to the public or donated to the voluntary organizations for replanting purposes. 126 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) III. Purchase of four (4) Utility Vehicles for The Forestry Division: one for each forest district to facilitate with the data analysis of statistical recordings of river study, areas in critical need for reforestation such as landslides at forest ridges, degraded roads, washed away/flooded river banks, National Parks and Forest Reserves Boundaries and opened canopy watersheds. Vehicles will also assist with other partners in capacity building Programs Island wide as well as to transport the plants to the areas for transplanting purposes. Expected Participating Institutions (Stakeholders) DOWASCO Physical Planning Land & Surveys Department Ministry of Education Bee Keepers Organizations Taxi Drivers and Tour Operators (tour guides) Village Councilors, Local Government and Community members. International Foreign Relations Environmental Health Agricultural Division ECU 127 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Table 1: Implementation Plan Outcome Output Activity Resources Physical assessment Reports of physical FWPD/Consultant(s) of damaged & Assessments of vulnerable forest and damaged & Inventory of water shed zones vulnerable forest and forest flora & watershed zones fauna, GIS Mapping establishment of database on availability of wildlings in designated forest areas Identification and production of desired forest & Agroforestry species. Conduct proper procedures for accessing 1,000,000 plants credible propagated for external plant reforestation of forest nurseries and and watershed areas procuring ex- Large stocks of over the five (5) year situ tropical propagated Forest period. Possible ex- forest species and Agroforestry situ access to some (seedlings & plants. Tropical Forest Sp.s seeds) FWPD/Contractor 128 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Identification Established in-situ 10 established In-situ of appropriate FWPD/Agriculture sites for the nurseries Forest nurseries (at establishment village councils, of In-situ schools, NGO’s, etc.) Nurseries. GIS Mapping of sites. Intense Public Awareness Large scale 400 acres of FWPD/Trainer(s) campaign to Reforestation of reforested forest and bring damaged and watershed areas over objectives of vulnerable Forest and five (5) years reforestation watersheds programs to wider public, Region & International partners Silvicultural interventions on identified planted & natural forest. Capacity training for Trained Forestry & Forest & Watershed FWPD / Media Forestry & Agriculture staff, Management Plans Agriculture farmers, landowners, developed staff, farmers, students and landowners, volunteers on students and Silviculture & reforestation volunteers on 129 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Silviculture & programs reforestation programs Clearing & utilization of Rehabilitate past FWPD fallen and plantations and Damaged establish new ones. timber species. Developed and adapted National The rehabilitation of Parks and Protected forest reserves, state Areas management lands plantations, and plans managed national parks Development of Forest, National Parks and Capacity training on the Watershed developed Forest and Watershed development of the Management Plans Management Plans plans FWPD Identification of the appropriate tools and Acquisition of equipment needed for appropriate tools and Procurement of tools the implementation of equipment and equipment the components. FWPD Rehabilitation of the DLeau Gommier Forest Reserve and Amenities Development of (Forest Station, lumber- structural designs to shed & Forest Nursery) include Climate into a Resilience & renewable Forestry/Agriculture/Re energy search Centre of Develop survey plans Excellence, including, Reconstruction of the and other details for improved access to the forest center into rehabilitation of forest Old Forest Timber Ecological Center of station and FWPF, consultants, Landing area Excellence tools/equipment engineers 130 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 18: Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………3 Objectives….……………………………………………………………..4 Scope of Works…..………………………………………….……………4 Major Risk on the Farm……………………………………………..……5 Biological Injury……………………………………………..…………...5 Physical Injury……………………………..…………………….……….5 Chemical Injury………..…………………………………………………6 First Aid Measures…………………………..……………………………6 Reducing Injuries and Illnesses on the Farm…………..…………………6 Food Safety from Farm to Table..………………………………………..7 Produce Sanitation and Safety on the Farm…………………..………….7 Standards for Food Premises (Agro Processing, Pack Houses, Fish Facility)……………………………………………………………………………8 Water…………………………..…………………………………………9 Fresh Produce Cleaning………………………………………..…………9 Pack house Cleaning…………………………………………………..….9 Storage of Produce…………………………..……..……………………..9 Sewage Facility………………………………..……………...…………..9 Floor ……………………..………………………………………………10 Wall………………………………………………………...…….………10 Ceiling………………………...………………………………………….10 Doors and windows……………………………..……………………….10 Food Contact Surface…………………………………..………..………10 Lighting and Ventilation………………….…………………..…………10 Pest Control……………………………………………….………..……11 Equipment and Materials…………………………….…………………..11 Cleaning and Sanitizing…………………… ………..…………………11 Food Delivery……………………………………...……………………..12 Storage………………………………………..……………………….….12 Dry storage…………………………………………..……………….…..12 Food Safety Records………………………..……………………………12 Certification of Food Handlers………...…………………………………13 Fishermen Safety at Sea…………………………………………………..13 Personal Safety…………………...……………………………………….13 The Plans…………………………..……………………………………...13 The Engine…………………….….………………………………………13 The Boat……………………………………..……………………………14 133 131 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) The Fuel System…………………………………………………………..15 The Equipment and Supplies……………………………………...………15 The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Plan Dominica Emergency Agriculture Livelihoods and climate resilience Project Introduction Dominica is located in the Caribbean island chain of the Lesser Antilles between the two French islands of Guadeloupe to the North and Martinique to the South. Its coordinates, 15º20” N Latitude and 61º20” West longitude, put the island directly in the path of destructive hurricanes. The temperature range from 25 - 28ºC and the rainfall from 1,250 – 7,500 mm. The mountainous interior experiences torrential rainfall whilst the coastal lowlands receive much lesser precipitation. The vegetation is lush and diverse. In 2008 the population was estimated at 72540 of which about 20% were employed in agriculture. The average age of farmers was between 55 – 60 years; the trends showed a decline in the numbers of farmers as well as senescence. In Dominica the percentage of individuals working in the agricultural sector declined from 30.8% in 1991 to 21% in 2001. This trend continued to the present when that percentage is much lower (The Statistical Unit, Roseau). The average age of farmers is between 55 to 60 years and is most likely to injure them. The rural to urban drift has exacerbated this trend of a reduction in the agricultural labour force. Currently labour force is an issue whereby farmers are highly dependent of immigrant to compensate for the labour shortages Farmers and farm workers l health and safety are of critical importance for the well-being and more efficient labour force. Workers in general perform their duties more efficiently when the work environment is safer. Better safety and health practices reduce worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses as well as associated costs such as workers’ compensation insurance premiums, lost reduction, and medical expenses. A safer and more healthful workplace improves morale and productivity. Agriculture is one of the world’s most dangerous occupations. Many agricultural workers suffer occupational accidents and illness each year, caused by exposure to chemicals, working with machinery and other factors. Fortunately, for this project and Dominica by extension farm machinery is not extensively used, most farmers still rely on manual means of ploughing and use simple tools for clearing lands. This project is responsible to help improve occupational health and safety in agriculture. Fishers and agro processes are also at risk of injury when engaged in their duties under this Emergency Agriculture Livelihoods and climate resilience Project. Agriculture is different from many industries in that it can present hazards to people not actively involved in the industry, such as the transfer of bacteria from the farm to the table. Visitors travelling from one farm to another can transfer disease causing organism. This topic guide focuses specifically on the health and safety issues inherent in the agricultural industry. This 132 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) document will focus on health and safety of farmers and farm worker including agro processors during the restoration of productive base for recovery of agricultural livelihoods and restoration of key productive infrastructure and institutional strengthening components. Objectives Development and implementation of an Environmental Health and Safety Plan Emergency Agriculture Livelihoods and climate resilience Project in Dominica. Scope of Works The primary activities associated with the Environmental Health and Safety Plan in Agriculture: 1. Safety when conducting farm activities to include crop cultivation and livestock husbandry 2. Sea fishing safety 3. The safety of agro processors and safe working condition at the facility 4. The safe consumption of fresh produce. Major Risk on the Farm Biological Injury During the course of the emergency agriculture livelihoods and climate project (DEALCRP), there is the potential for beneficiaries to come into contact with biological hazards such as animals, insects, and plants. Livestock if not restrained properly can inflict bodily harm to farmers. The proper restraining device must be used. This will not only protect the farmer but also the livestock in question from injuring itself. Nuisance pest such as rat and snakes may be encountered. Farmers must therefore keep their farms clean and avoid the accumulation of debris. Rat are carriers of the bacteria that causes leptospirosis. Leptospirosis had contributed to several death on the Island. Eating of fruits directly from the farm without cleaning or rinsing with running water is a contributing factor to leptospirosis infection. Insects including bees, wasps and ants are beneficial insects aiding in pollination and breaking down of organic matter. However, these insect can sting or bite farm workers releasing painful toxins taking away time from farming. Some individuals may have a severe allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting that may result in a life threatening condition. Farm workers must therefore use appropriate insect repellent prior to fieldwork and/or as often as needed during the work. They must also wear proper protective clothing (work boots, socks, and light coloured pants) Certain grasses such as razor grass, elephant grass can cause serious itching and therefore protective clothing must be worn to avoid contact with such weeds. Dominica is blessed not to have contact poisonous plants Physical Injury Under the Emergency Agriculture Livelihoods and climate reliance project physical injures that maybe encountered will includes but not limited to cut from cutlasses, puncture from nails or ploughing tool, fallen branches, chainsaw, boat injury from propeller of boat. Due to Dominica`s terrain heavy machinery for ploughing is not readily used, however small tillage are used. All machinery used must be in good working condition. All safety guidelines must be noted in operation of small farm equipment’s. The appropriate protective clothing must be used. 133 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Exposure to pesticides and contaminants Accidents in the use of pesticides do occur on the farm. Farmers are t the forefront of this hazard, either through inhalation, oral ingestion, skin contact or eye contact. First Aid Measures Swallowed poison. Induce vomiting only if noted in the label. Induce vomiting by pushing your finger down your throat. Poison in eye. Eye membranes absorb pesticides faster than any other external part of the body; eye damage can occur in a few minutes with some types of pesticides. If poison splashes into an eye, hold the eyelid open and wash quickly and gently with clean running water from the tap or a gentle stream from a hose for at least 15 minutes. Poison on skin. If pesticide splashes on the skin, drench area with water and remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin and hair thoroughly with soap and water. Later, discard contaminated clothing or thoroughly wash it separately from other laundry. Inhaled poison. Get to fresh air immediately. Loosen victim's tight clothing. If the victim's skin is blue or the victim has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration (if you know how) and call rescue service for help. Open doors and windows so no one else will be poisoned by fumes. Reducing injuries and illnesses on the farm. 1. Increase your awareness of farming hazards and making a conscious effort to prepare for emergency situations including fires, vehicle accidents, and electrical shocks from equipment and wires, and pesticides exposures. 2. Read and follow instructions in equipment operator’s manuals and on product labels. 3. Inspect equipment routinely for problems that may cause accidents. 4. Prepare for accidents by discussing safety hazards and emergency procedures with your workers. 5. Make sure that the protective guards on farm equipment are replaced after maintenance. 6. Review and follow instructions in material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and on labels that come with chemical products and communicate information on these hazards to your workers. Food safety from farm to the table Disease-causing bacteria, viruses and parasites can be found on raw fruits and vegetables. This contamination can occur at any point during the food distribution system- from Farm to Table. Produce Sanitation and Safety on the Farm 134 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) I. Water is the most likely way of spreading contamination to fresh produce; II. Use only potable water for spraying and washing crops; equipment III.Harvest equipment must be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. IV. Pressure wash, rinse, and sanitize all harvest bins, harvest aids, and machinery after use. V. Cover washed and sanitized bins to prevent recontamination by wildlife. VI. Maintain harvest equipment to minimize abrasion and wounding of fresh produce avoiding damaging produce VII. Wounds or other damage provides an entry point for harmful micro-organisms into fresh produce. VIII. Beware of damage to produce that may occur during harvest from improper use of equipment, untrimmed fingernails and so on. IX. Remove damaged produce from packaging area to a cull pile. X. These include bins, trailers, trucks, etc. should be checked regularly and maintained in a clean and sanitary condition; XI. Follow a checklist for inspection of vehicles that will be carrying fresh produce; Standards for Food premises (Agro-processing, Pack houses and Fish facility) Water a) Should be from an approved source – DOWASCO System, Environmental Health approved; b) Supply must be adequate and clean; c) Stored water should be in clean, food grade, non-absorbent containers and covered to prevent dust and vermin from gaining access; d) Should always be treated and free from pathogenic micro-organisms. Fresh produce cleaning I. Safe produce handling should include removing soil from produce as it may be a source of contamination. II. Clean equipment and produce before it enters the packing shed III. Damaged or diseased produce should be culled in the field to avoid contamination. Pack shed cleaning ▪ The packing shed should receive a general clean-up to remove dirt, debris, and culled produce at end of operation. ▪ Produce-handling equipment and any surface coming in contact with produce should be cleaned and sanitized at end of day. ▪ Bathrooms, sinks, waste receptacles and floor drains also should be cleaned and sanitized; 135 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ▪ Frequent inspections of the facility should be performed and keep all pets out. ▪ High-pressure hoses are not recommended Storage of pack produce o Hold and store produce away from possible hazards, e.g. cleaning agents, pesticides, etc. o Hold and store produce off the floor, away from walls and in such a way as to avoid damage. o If the produce is stored in a cold room, be sure to monitor and record temperatures record o Create and maintain records for all employee trainings; o Create and maintain records of facility cleaning and sanitizing (e.g processing, packing line, packing shed, restroom cleaning, Equipment and Transport). o Create and maintain records of produce washing and chemicals used, o Develop a trace back system for your farm that will allow you to trace produce to the field it was harvested from, including harvest date; o All food establishments are required to have adequate toilet facilities conveniently located, accessible, sanitary and in good repair – for every 25 females 1 facility; for every 30 males1 facility o There should be separate facilities for workers and patrons and male and female o All facilities should be provided with hand washing facilities provided with a constant supply of liquid soap in a suitable dispenser and appropriate signage. o Adequate hand drying facilities should be provided (Air dry or disposable towels) o All toilet facilities should be equipped with a suitable lined receptacle for waste material o All toilets should have a constant supply of running water o All disposal should be via a public sewage system or an approved onsite disposal system Floor ▪ Should be constructed with material which allows for easy cleaning and disinfection and prevent entry of pests and vermin. ▪ There shall be no breaks, cracks, crevices to allow harborage of insects or vermin. Concrete, tiles, terrazzo, painted and other material approved by Environmental Health Department. Walls ▪ Walls should be constructed of material which can be easily cleaned, washable, painted in light color and at least 8ft high ▪ Ceilings should be constructed of durable, easily cleanable material and painted in light colour ▪ Should be Free from dust, cobwebs and grease discoloration Doors and Windows 139 136 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ▪ They should be in a state of good repair and appropriately screened to prevent entry to pests and insects Food Contact Surface ▪ All food contact surfaces shall be constructed of smooth, easily washable, non-toxic, food grade material (wood, Formica are not allowed), preferably stainless steel. Lighting and Ventilation o Lighting should be adequate whether natural or artificial. Lighting should be 50fc for food preparation areas and 30fc for other areas o All light filters in food preparation and food serving areas shall be equipped with protective covers or shields. o Ventilation hoods present should be designed to prevent grease and condensation from collecting on walls and ceilings and from dripping into food or onto food contact surfaces. Filters and other grease extracting devices should be readily removable for cleaning. o The premises shall be kept in such a manner so as to prevent harborage of and feeding of rodents, cockroaches, flies and other vermin o Openings to the outside shall be protected against the entrance of insects and rodents by utilizing screens and tight fitting doors and other means approved by Environmental Health Department o Premises and immediate surroundings shall be kept clean and free of overgrown vegetation. There shall be adequate covered and protected waste receptacles, separate for internal and external collection o Internal refuse bins shall be emptied daily o Garbage and refuse storage areas shall be kept clean and free of any nuisances and shall be constructed in such a manner as to prevent entry to insects and rodents Equipment / Materials • All materials and equipment shall be non-corrosive, taint free and easily cleaned • All equipment and utensils shall be adequately cleaned, sanitized, maintained and operated in accordance to manufacturers specifications • Catering bowls shall be cleaned and sanitized between uses:- o can openers should be cleaned daily o wiping cloths are stored in sanitizing solution, washed and dried daily o counters are cleaned and free of serving splashes o Stem tables are cleaned and held at proper temperature • All hot and cold holding/storage devices should be equipped with temperature gauges o All equipment should be stored at least 6” off ground and 8” from walls and ceiling. o Single service items should be stored away from dust, pests and vermin, and chemicals o Shelving should be made of material which is durable, non-corrosive, non-toxic and easily cleaned; (preferably opened). • A cleaning schedule should be developed and posted • Employees should be aware of their roles as pertained to the cleaning schedule • All cleaning agents and other material stored properly and separate from food 137 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) • Three compartment sink in restaurants and hotels and 2 compartments for smaller establishments; • Correct procedures for manual or mechanical dish washing should be followed; • Equipment and utensils should be air dried after washing and sanitizing, adequately spaced and stored away from contamination • Food should always be obtained from an approved source • Documented receiving procedure and evidence of use • Foods should be inspected upon receipts, and perishable foods promptly stored; • Safe handling and storage of food after receipt or delivery. • All food storage equipment equipped with thermometers o coolers : >41°F o freezers :>0°F o steam table : >140°F • Do not overload storage equipment • Storage equipment must be clean, dry, free of contamination and material odors and build- up of ice • All potential hazardous foods should be refrigerated, unless in preparation; • Raw foods should be stored separately from cooked foods • Records of temperature monitoring • Documented procedure for thawing and cooling of foods • Thermometers must be used to monitor cooking and serving temperatures ▪ The Room must be clean, dry, well ventilated, temperature 50°F - 70°F; 10°C - 21°C ▪ Free of pest infestation, adequately lit and light fixtures shielded; ▪ Shelving or palettes 6”off floor and 8” away from walls and ceiling. ▪ Non-food supply stored separately away from food items. ▪ Bulk food stored in cleaned, labeled and pest proof containers. ▪ Canned food must be removed from cartoons and practice the First in First out method of storage. Food Safety Records • Food safety code of practice at establishment; • Documented action plan in case of food poisoning; • Certificate of Approval from E.H.D posted up in conspicuous area. Certification of Food Handlers • All food handlers should be exposed to 3 – 4 hours of Training in food safety; • All employees should be certified by the Environmental Health Department within 30 days of employment • Application should be done at the Environmental Health Office (EHO) using prescribed forms; • All food handlers should present a medical certificate to the EHD; • All food handler must carry a food ID; (2 ID size photos and $20.00 Practice Safety at Sea Personal Safety 138 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Individuals need to be responsible for their own safety, and then the safety of others. Each person must see to it that the boat has everything needed for their comfort and safety for the duration of the sea journey. Be sure that there is enough food and water and that each person has their own Personal Floatation Device (such as life jackets). Plan It is important that each trip be planned properly. This plan should be communicated to persons not going out to sea for the duration of your own sea journey. These persons should be responsible and reliable; someone such as a family member, friend or even a police officer. Engine For long life of your engine and for reliability, it is recommended to get your engine serviced every three (3) to six (6) months, based on how often you use your engine. Engines used more frequently need servicing more often. Before each trip, remove the engine cover and look over the engine. Make sure that all of the parts look O.K. and are in order. The spark plug is one component that should not be overlooked. If it needs replacing, make sure that you get the right type of plug for your type of engine. It is also a good idea to carry along a set of tools. Screwdrivers, spanners and other tools can help to replace a bad spark plug at sea and help you get home. The Boat The boat must be in good condition before venturing out to sea. Just as a driver checks his tires, oil and engine on his vehicle for safety and reliability before driving, a boater should check his boat for safety also before going out to sea. The hull should be checked for leaks and cracks. If large leaks or cracks exist, it may be best to postpone the sea trip until they can be repaired, especially if the trip will be long or involve crossing rough waters. Rotten wood is a sign that the boards need replacing. Make sure that the hull is strong and stable enough to accommodate the crew, gear, supplies and the catch. Remember, do not load your boat beyond its capacity (do not put more stuff in the boat than it can hold). To aid identification of your boat during search and rescue operations, it is advised that your boat be painted in bright colors, such as red, yellow or orange, anything that can stand out in the deep blue sea. The Fuel System Poor fuel system installation and dirty fuel are frequently the cause of engine breakdown. To prevent this, check the fuel system connections to make sure they are secure and working properly. Look for blockages in the fuel line, make sure the fuel flows freely to the engine. To ensure there is enough fuel for the entire fishing trip, the One-Third (1/3) Rule is recommended. Basically, this rule recommends that one-third (1/3) of the fuel is used to get to the fishing site and out your fishing operations (such as trolling), another third is used to get back to land after fishing, and the last third is kept as a reserve. For example, if you carry three (3) drums of fuel: one drum is used to go fishing, one drum to return, and the other drum is used only in the event of an emergency. The Equipment and Supplies Perhaps one of the most important aspects of preparations is to get your equipment and supplies together. Equipment and supplies include: • Food and water; enough to supply all of the persons aboard the boat for the duration of the trip; 139 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) • Navigation aids, such as GPS receivers, radar reflectors, charts, compass; • Personal Floatation Devices (PFD’s), which include life jackets and life rings; • Signaling and Communication devices, such as a VHF radio, flares, a mirror, flashlight or a horn; • Tools and spare parts for the repair of the engine, boat and other equipment; • A knife can be very handy in certain situations, be sure to carry a sharp one aboard; Your fishing gear and equipment; hooks, line, bait, pots, rope, net and so forth are needed to conduct your fishing. Be sure to carry everything you need to make the catch so that your trip can be as profitable as possible. It is also a good idea to carry ice to preserve fish quality. Make sure you have enough fuel for the entire trip. 140 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 19: Copy of the invitation letter to the Stakeholder consultations 141 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Annex 20 – First Consultation Documentation This is the sample letter that was sent to the list of Stakeholders below 142 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 143 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 147 144 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 148 145 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) 146 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) issues: Yes % Total respondents = 19 Will the sub project:: Create a risk of increased soil erosion? 6 31.5 Create a risk of increasing deforestation? 5 26.3 Create a risk of increasing other soil degradation? 8 42.1 Cause pollution of aquatic ecosystems by 7 36.8 sedimentation/pesticide container disposal? Cause poor water drainage and increase risk of water 2 10.5 related diseases: dengue fever, chikungunya? Reduce the quantity of water for the downstream users? 5 26.3 Create waste that could adversely affect local soils, 5 26.3 vegetation, rivers, and streams or ground water (pig pen or aquaculture) Focus on biogas production 10 52.6 Note: Further questions and comments will be added once dictated from recordings 147 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Minutes of the First Consultation for the Implementation of the Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) team conducted its first consultation on Tuesday September 4, 2018 at the Prevost Cine Mall in Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica. The consultation commenced at 9:40 AM and ended 1:20 PM with a break in between. List of 40 persons some representing farmer organizations was prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries in consultation with the Ministry of Kalinago Affairs, the Division of Agriculture and the Forestry division, thirty-four (34) group representatives (See list below) from the agricultural, fisheries, and agro business, including representatives from the Kalinago Territory were invited. The consultation was very interactive with power point presentations done by members of the ESMF Team. A presentation on the project, project components including the amounts appropriated for each component and sub component, a presentation on the outlines and content of the ESMF, the environmental and social potential impacts and suggested safeguards to be implemented. The participants asked many questions with emphasis on involvement of local stakeholders in the distribution of assistance to beneficiaries as a result of lessons learnt learning from past experience, the inclusion of the indigenous group as beneficiaries of the project, training in various technical land applications, and labor force as well as pest management and pest management technics. Queries and comments were also made with reference to the start of the project and the many consultations before start of project. At the end of the consultation a focus group meeting was held with the seven (7) representatives of the Indigenous group who were also stakeholders of various associations. At that focus group meeting, the IPP was discussed as well as the scheduled September 20, 2018 consultation to be held at the Kalinago territory. The following were some of the questions and answers provided during the consultation: Question: What opportunity for down up consultation with the organizations? Answer: The fisheries division is your contact on the ground. The information you give them will come back up. Question: When national programs are developed, we in the Kalinago Territory do not benefit from it because one our land tenure system. Coming out from that system to private 148 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) ownership that usually puts us off. In that program has consideration been taken for that particular system in the Kalinago Territory? Answer: When we talk about social safeguards, you are a vulnerable group within your organization and you are here because we recognize that there are peculiar situations within the Kalinago Territory as it relates to your resources. So we will develop special arrangements to ensure that you in the Kalinago Territory are not left out. So we understand that, that is part of what we call the social safeguards. We look at vulnerable and look at specific groups and we try to ensure that we have systems that everybody benefits, there is equity but Social safeguards person will deliberate more. Question: So there will be consultation within the Kalinago territory as well? Answer: There is one planned for the 20th of September 2018 because of the peculiarity of the indigenous people. The World Bank is very, very big and strict on protecting the indigenous people. Question: Will the stakeholders be involved in putting the safeguards together? Answer: Absolutely, this is actually a participatory framework so we are here with you to let you know what we are doing, to get feedback from you and to give us suggestions and comments as to what needs to be included in the framework safeguard mechanism. Question: Can the presentation be given to Stakeholders? Answer: Yes it can be because the framework is part of the disclosure so definitely we can disclose that to you. The World Bank is all about transparency as much as possible so our engagement is not a secret in fact you can go on the World Bank website and see the components of the project. It is there on their website so we have to be able to have full disclosure that anybody anywhere in the world where the World Bank participates can see what is going on in Dominica. It is a new approach in what we do and how we do it. In addition to that, the policies guiding the framework are also included on the World Bank’s website. Question: How soon will the actual implementation be because I am hearing quite a bit of consultation needs to be done prior, so how soon will the implementation be? Because for example to a farmer who is trying to recover so the faster it gets those inputs, is the 149 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) better for him but are we going to see a series of dragging on and dragging on. I would like some clarity. Answer: As I indicated in my presentation there are several things that need to happen before the implementation of the program. We started in December last year to develop that project. We prepared that project in record time as it relates to World Bank processes and procedures. Now the document is prepared, then we have to go and put the mechanisms in place. That framework is one of the frameworks that going to be put in place. In an effort to expedite the implementation of the program, we are doing that in advance of the actual project implementation unit coming on stream to do that so we are trying to advance the process by doing a lot of the consultation in tandem with the actual recruitment and development of the project implementation unit. But off course, Government recognizes exactly you have indicated in terms of the timeframe. For example for a tree crop farmer, one year is really four years in terms of production. What I mean is this, if you wait one year to plant a coconut tree it will take you four years to drink a coconut. So we understand that and there are support systems within our implementation program that will try to provide a stop gap system while the implementation of the World Bank comes in to play. So we are trying to do it in tandem to address your specific concern as it relates to the time frame in getting the project done. And in addition to that although it is well in advance of the project, there is a little delay because this framework was supposed to be done prior to project design. So there is a little delay but it is according to the World Banks requirement. Question: So actually the reason you have us here is you are really tasking us to identify projects in our groups/ our community to present to you all for implementation? Answer: No Question: So what are we going to take back to our groups/community? What is really our responsibility? Answer: Well what we need you, your responsibility is to understand the project, the various components of the project and to let us know how that project will impact you in your community, organization or institution in terms of whether will be positive impacts to you and the beneficiaries, whether it will have negative impacts to you or on you and your beneficiaries so that the necessary safeguards in place to avoid or mitigate the negative impacts and emphasis the positives ones 150 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) Question: So we know around the world, excessive use of pesticides, herbicides and weedicides is a growing environmental and social issue. Has the Government and the World Bank taken into considerations in terms of the fat that Dominica doesn’t have any testing facility for our soils, so before making interventions in communities and giving them inputs, I have been in discussion with PS in terms of understanding how much in terms of percentage of organic fertilizer we are going to need. Taking into consideration US$7 million for inputs. Are you all looking at a testing facility within the region that we can use so that we can test the participants soils that we are going to give inputs for the land so that we can measure the intervention we going to do before hand? Because we don’t want to create more problems that’s already been happening. Answer: In general the Government as an institution has a responsibility to protect the resources that is there. This is part of our responsibility. So to say that there are no testing facility is not necessarily correct but if we need to run specific test, there are institutions that we have arrangements with so it is not to say that it is not available. Question: Is testing for pesticides in our soils not available locally? Answer: As I said it is not entirely correct but for example there is equipment at the bureau of standards now that we can use for sophisticated test. But suffice to say that all that will be taken into consideration in the environmental safeguards. Do you do integrated pest management? Do you do Organic input? How do you protect the soil? Whatever we do on land impact the marine space. So all these will be in the safeguards. If I were to issue fertilizer, systems will be put in place to ensure that when that investment is made, it will be used correctly by the farmers. Question: You at the head table are not answering positively the pertinent questions. My question to you is what to I bring back to my association. What shall I bring back to them to tell them so that they understand the way forward? Answer: What I suggest you bring back to your association is to explain to them the various components of the projects. So the project has three main components, PS explained the various components of the project, the amount of money assigned to these various components of the project and potentially who should benefit from this project. So a proper understanding of the various components of the project is what you should take to the members of your institutions, or organizations. So based on the components of the project, tell me how you believe it will impact you. Is it going to have a positive impact, is it going to negatively affect you so that they can put the necessary instruments in place to protect you. One of the concerns of the fisheries question was the unequal distribution 151 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) of cash for the building of boats, which is a negative impact on the fisheries association. We take note of that impact and will have to put the necessary safeguards in place for the equal distribution of finance to benefit the people in the fisheries category. Question: How is the Environmental Plans going to be policed? You have to observe so many things. Who is going to monitor it? Answer: Baseline studies were done for the project. We know what we have as soon as the project is implemented there will be monitoring based on the project activities and each one will differ. Additionally within the ESMF spoken about, there is monitoring and evaluation procedures and strategies, within the Project implementation Unit there will be a Monitoring and Evaluation Officer who will have specific indicators that she or he is going to look for to ensure that the project requirements are met or complied with and an example was provided. Question: It was stated that there are testing facilities at the Bureau of Statement, any updates on that? Answer: World Bank will not fund any project that has adverse effects on the environment Question/Comment: It was mentioned that the World Bank will not fund any project that has adverse effects on the environment but as you may know, pesticides, herbicides and weedicides does have extreme adverse effects on the environment as well as our internal eco system as human beings so what monitoring are we doing? We need to test before and after to understand how the intervention within those communities. If we look at Martinique and Guadeloupe, right now in certain areas, they cannot grow food for human consumption because of the extensive use of projectable during the banana and sugar cane industry. Right now fisher folks cannot go and fish within the marine reserve because of all the pesticide coming into the reef. We know that in Dominica, we have a high percentage of prostate cancer which is almost the same to Martinique and Guadeloupe. Now, they have done studies linking prostate cancer to pesticides. Now I cannot say the same from Dominica because we have not done the test but we can almost say well it is the same problem that we are experiencing because you see farmers using knapsacks sometimes with shorts and then they have their children going and playing around where they spray after. You have certain people spraying vydate on tomatoes like a week before harvest. These are some real problems that we need to take into consideration. So we need to able to test our soil, look at the level of chemicals and pesticides that already exist so we can understand how much more we can introduce into the environment. We need to look at instead of giving the farmer chemical pesticide only, 152 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Dominica Emergency Agricultural Livelihoods And Climate Resilience Project (DEALCRP) do a 50/50. Give them at least 50% compost and instead of giving them onetime input, let’s look at developing seven agricultural stations in terms of composting facilities in each of the seven agricultural regions. So it can be a continuous thing so all these farmers can have organic input available for them for building the soil structure on a community level. Answer: Actually what we looking at is a crop management approach rather than a pest management approach. The Quarantine division is looking at surveillance for pest that is outside the region but not in Dominica as yet so we have a proactive method in that. Things like control, screening will be put in the pest management plan before the World Bank give funds for any pesticide use. Question: Talking about the pesticides. Where does the Government come in? Now they banned the use of round up on short term crop, now the pest are killing the corps that we sell every week. Another thing is the Haitians have seasonal crops, everything year round, what are they using, what are the chemicals they are using, how does than come into the program? Right now we have the sting bug and people use all sorts of thing on it struggling to maintain the same crops however the Haitians have it year round. So how does that project going to help us eliminate that problem Answer: There will be guidelines and constant monitoring on project implementation. There will be a person in the unit for Monitoring and Evaluation. Questions/Comments: We are talking about evaluating and monitoring. What about interventions? What about alternatives? What about developing a program to create organic pesticides, organic fertilizer and weedicides? That is how we need to do things. Because we are talking about environmental issues, first climate resilient nation in the world, agriculture is a very important part of our Country so we definitely have to look into that. Because we cannot be importing all these chemicals that year by year the same Countries banning in their own place but we are importing it and handing it for free to our farmers and causing us to be polluting our environment. Comment: We need to seriously go back to organic agriculture. 153