SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND INCLUSION COUNTRY DIAGNOSTICS A typology of SSI diagnostics SSI GP Social Inclusion and DAD GSGs SSI Global Unit November 2023 Agenda 01 Social data today 02 A typology of SSI country diagnostics 03 Moving forward Never have we had so much social data World Bank is known for producing poverty data and being a custodian of some SDG 1 Targets but there is so much more we do in terms of social data Cutting edge data generation methods are pushing the evidence frontier Big data & Machine Learning for real time High frequency phone surveys to monitor impact of COVID- monitoring and predicting demand & supply 19 across countries service provision gaps among displaced populations in Ukraine Social Sustainability Global Database and dashboard 2.0 Social Sustainability Global Dashboard Increasing guidelines to include social sustainability issues in core Bank activities Guidelines to include social sustainability issues in core Bank activities A Proposal to include a Tier 1 indicator for CESA in the Bank scorecard Source: Sovereign ESG Database and Social Sustainability Global Database Guidelines to include social sustainability issues in core Bank activities Prior Actions for CE, SRM, Gender Source: Social Inclusion, SRM, DAD GSGs Contributing to corporate analytical issues Sample indicators for inclusion operations Source: Social Inclusion GSG Typology of social sustainability At-a-glance: one-pager with an overview of selected country diagnostics social sustainability indicators Rapid Social Assessments: short, 8-10 pages, qualitative assessments of key social gaps in a specific context (e.g., during COVID) ESF-related analyses: short, project-specific analysis of standards and country systems gaps. Ad hoc SSI notes: short, 10-15 pages, reporting basic stats, institutional barriers, interventions on specific issues or populations such as disability, SOGI, IPs SSI Co Diagnostic Gen 1.0: medium-size reports, 20- 30 pages quantifying vulnerable populations and profiling, benchmarking and discussing drivers around key social issues (e.g. Bangladesh) SSI Co Diagnostics Gen 2.0: short, 10- page notes, quantifying, profiling, analyzing intersection of social gaps with closer links to Bank portfolio (Peru) Country specific deep dives: long, dedicated reports on specific themes with original data and/or analytics such as, for example, IPs, Land Titling and Conflict in the Philippines Include here where these diagnostics have been used List of First-Generation Country Diagnostics List of Second-Generation List of other products: Country Location (Link) Country Diagnostics Cameroon CMR Ghana GHA Jose: Add list of countries, all of Sonya: Add list of other Nigeria NGA Cambodia KHM them going to CCDRS products from your work, cliff, Mongolia MNG Vietnam VNM charlotte, Dianna…. Albania WBA Bosnia and Herzegovina WBA Kosovo WBA Montenegro WBA North Macedonia WBA Serbia WBA Turkey TUR Brazil BRA Mexico MEX Egypt, Arab Republic of EGY Iraq IRQ Tunisia TUN Bangladesh BAN India KERALA Nepal NPL Sri Lanka LKA JOSE/SONYA: Add new column with use of each of these reports Second generation country diagnostics: Example: PERU Context 01 02 03 Poverty reduction stalled even Political instability and And yet examples of good before the pandemic serious loss of trust policy making during COVID-19 make reforms difficult Trust people and government, 2020 o 21% GDP relief program 2020-21 (% of trusting population) o 6 new cash transfers launched o Inflation and interest rates Trust Government independently managed Trust People 0 10 20 30 40 LAC Peru o 6 presidents in 6 years; o 22nd percentile in control of corruption globally A new methodology to measure intersectionality of SS gaps across population and groups SELECTING INDICATORS AND THRESHOLDS THAT BEST CAPTURE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILTIY DIMENSIONS (1/2) Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2023, Measuring Social Sustainability: A Multidimensional Approach A new methodology to measure intersectionality of SS gaps across population and groups SELECTING INDICATORS AND THRESHOLDS THAT BEST CAPTURE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILTIY DIMENSIONS (2/2) Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2023, Measuring Social Sustainability: A Multidimensional Approach A new methodology to measure intersectionality of SS gaps across population and groups TO AGGREGATE OR NOT TO AGGREGATE? (Actually, it is not an EITHER/OR question!) Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2023, Measuring Social Sustainability: A Multidimensional Approach Key findings for Peru 01 03 21.9 Million or 67% of the population Gender and ethnicity matter: 69% have multiple social gaps of women and 85% of IPs in Peru have multiple social gaps (at least in 1/3 of dimensions considered) (65% of men and 62% of non-natives) 02 04 On average, Peruvians report For every poor in Peru there are 2.5 social gaps in half of the social individuals with social gaps dimensions considered (90% of the poor in Peru also have multiple social gaps) (that is, 7-8 out of 16 considered) Key findings for Peru 01 03 21.9 Million or 67% of the population Gender and ethnicity matter: 69% have multiple social gaps of women and 85% of IPs in Peru have multiple social gaps (at least in 1/3 of dimensions considered) (65% of men and 62% of non-natives) 02 04 On average, Peruvians report For every poor in Peru there are 2.5 social gaps in half of the social individuals with social gaps dimensions considered (90% of the poor in Peru also have multiple social gaps) (that is, 7-8 out of 16 considered) Serious gaps in equality before the law, government effectiveness, quality of employment (reported by 20 million + each gap) Share of population with social Gaps in Peru, % (million of people) Equality before the law 28.7 million Process Government effectiveness 24.8 Legitimacy Satisfaction with democracy 19.5 Civil participation 19.0 Confidence on government institutions 14.9 Perception of safety 4.2 Social Cohesion Experience of discrimination 3.8 Victim of crime 1.0 Public assistance 15.8 Resilience Quality of housing 7.8 Possession of assets 7.3 Capacity for saving 6.1 Quality of employment 24.2 Social Inclusion Medical attention 15.5 Level of education 12.8 Access to water, sanitation, electricity & internet 6.2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2023, Measuring Social Sustainability: A Multidimensional Approach Vulnerable groups experience social gaps distinctively Social inclusion gaps by population group (%) Resilience gaps by population group (%) Medical attention Public assistance Level of education Possession of assets Access to water, sanitation, electricity & internet Quality of housing Quality of employment 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Youth (18-29 years) Female Indigenous Indigenous Youth (18-29 years) Female Social cohesion gaps by population group (%) Process legitimacy gaps by population group (%) Civil participation Equality before the law Victim of crime Government effectiveness Perception of safety Satisfaction with democracy Experience of discrimination Civil participation 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Indigenous Youth (18-29 years) Female Indigenous Youth (18-29 years) Female Process legitimacy and social inclusion mostly driving multiple social gaps (over 70% of total social gaps) Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2023, Measuring Social Sustainability: A Multidimensional Approach Key policy interventions to strengthen social sustainability in Peru Focus on people: Move beyond traditional views of individuals as mere workers, consumers, or taxpayers. Legitimate reforms. Reforms on the labor market, tax system, public services provision and social protection flexibility are not new: implementing reforms without addressing legitimacy concerns risks their short-lived impact or, worse, their outright rejection. Leveling the gender playing field. Shared parental leave and enhanced access to high-quality childcare services for working parents; enhancing the capabilities of public entities to combat gender-based violence and ensure equal representation in democratic institutions; training for service providers within these institutions is vital to adequately address the needs of vulnerable women. Truly flexible social protection systems capable of simultaneously addressing the unique needs of indigenous peoples in geographically isolated regions, newly impoverished individuals in rapidly growing urban areas, and Venezuelan migrants with irregular status Rights-based approach to forced mobility. A proactive approach, acknowledging the rights of these populations, should involve policies promoting their integration through regular access to education, healthcare, and social services Effectiveness of interventions. Enhancing government effectiveness, combating corruption, implementing labor market reforms, investing in human capital, and evolving social protection programs How is the Bank positioned to strengthen SS in Peru? Bank's current portfolio reflects some consideration for social sustainability, but ample room for improvement. Through its portfolio, the Bank deliberately seeks to: o increase the financial inclusion among women, o mainstream the process for issuing land rights to Indigenous Peoples, o encourage the consultation with women’s social organizations in the preparation of community risk management. Yet, a call to prioritize social sustainability considerations in the Bank initiatives in a more systematic and comprehensive way. o This is expected to help bridge the gap between policy formulation and implementation, ensuring that well-intended reforms are not thwarted by lack of trust in government or perceptions of corruption, failing to make a lasting impact on the lives of the most vulnerable populations in Peru. Agenda 01 Social data today 02 A typology of SSI country diagnostics 03 Moving forward 2-YEAR PLAN INCEPTION Country Diagnostics (sec gen) Global >>Country>>Project PRESENT Global • No systematic and Data Toolkit v.2.0 Data Toolkit v.1.0 SS Global Database 2.0 Automatised Data Toolkit consolidated data on SS indicators and vulnerable Guidelines Visualization Dashboard 2.0 Integrated framework and metrics of SS 5-YEAR PLAN populations. SS Global Database 1.0 Open codes in Git-Hub and Poverty piloted in 2 countries See next slide • Lack of a conceptual Visualization Dashboard 1.0 Microlevel SS indicators for 150 Country + Project framework on SS. Microlevel SS indicators/index (pilot) countries Mixed-methods country diagnostics • No country diagnostics Country Diagnostics (first gen) Inputs for CCDR’s (10 countries) piloted in 3 countries) Conceptual Framework NOV JUN JUN JUN 2019 2021 2023 2023 2025 2028 LAUNCHING OF SS UPGRADED CORE DIAGNOSTICS GP-WIDE CONSULTATION CAPACITY BUILDING TTL Demand Identified products that will Training serve regional PM’s and GL’s Dissemination KM Management PREPARATION & DELIVERY INNOVATION CAPACITY CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION PILOTING BUILDING SSI GP acknowledged as an All new social data initiatives are equal partner in social data easily tracked and shared across collection & analytics the Bank SSI GP provides agile analytical Social Sustainability Global solutions for country needs Database is frequently updated and has wide uptake SSI GP addresses effectively emerging corporate needs Social sustainability data is fully (project indicators, integrated in mainstream sources scorecard….) (e.g., WDI) The investment case for More and better coordination, starting within SSI GP collecting social data well known and fully agreed Three key issues to move forward to be discussed What type of diagnostics Are these too many types How can we make you will invest more in the of diagnostics? Should we information flow better near future, 2-3 years? do less or focus on a few? within the GP? Should we NOT invest in Should we aim for a specific More training & dissemination some of these types? diagnostic to become a from GU? Core ASA? More sharing of regional units Are there any diagnostics to GU? that you would like to do more but cannot? How much we can do without fresh resources ($, staff)? Additional slides A lot of improvement possible in SCDs Inclusive Societies - SCD & CPF Review Findings.pdf - All Documents (sharepoint.com) Questions for Discussion 1) Are these typologies helpful to understand needs, demand, tools available? o Where does your region or your work program fit in the typology of diagnostics most frequently or likely to be required in the next 2 years? 2) Are there other types of country diagnostics that we are missing? Or could they be presented differently? o Is the trade off between complexity and resources clear? 3) Are these too many types? Should we focus on fewer types of diagnostics? If so, less complex, more complex? o How do we move towards adequate staffing and financial resources for conducting these diagnostics? Making the case for social sustainability Going beyond monetary poverty and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa Making the case for social sustainability Social sustainability correlated with more equal and more cohesive societies Applied analytics: country core diagnostics Bangladesh Social Sustainability and Inclusion Profile 2022 Prevalence of IPV & Child Marriage in Bangladesh Vs. South Asian Countries Applied analytics: CCDRs Climatic risks and social sustainability in Vietnam circa 2020 (included in Vietnam CCDR 2022) Just in time analytical solutions Allocating FLLoCA resources How to allocate FLLoCA resources across counties based on the social resilience to climate change rather than poverty Positioning in global issues (ESG) Social sustainability and ESG are strongly correlated Source: Sovereign ESG Database and Social Sustainability Global Database Contributing to country analytical demands Philippines IP report “No Data, No Story�: Land, Conflict, and IP analysis Source: Madrigal, Cuesta and Sommerville, 2023 Contributing to country analytical demands Cost of SOGI Exclusion in Ghana Source: Ballon and Cuesta, 2022 Invest in low-cost high-impact analytical tasks 01 Update, expand, automatize social sustainability database 02 Develop a template for social diagnostics (second gen being piloted in Peru) 03 Social resilience metrics at project level (supporting resilience, inclusion) 04 More support on D&A corporate issues (indicators, scorecards, prior actions) Tighten partnerships within and outside the Bank 01 Poverty: poverty and social sustainability dashboard initiative 02 DEC: Atlas SDG 03 FCI: ESG database 04 Gender: EQOSOGI – Gender Database 05 CC: Distributional impacts across socially vulnerable groups 06 Poverty-DEC: Harmonize Persons with disability, ethnicity 07 Poverty-DEC: Refugee data Invest in more high-cost long-term impact initiatives 01 Fund raising (inside and outside the Bank: Spanish Government) LNOB data lab, Innovation Fund, Data flagship 02 Data and measurement for process legitimacy (led by SCORE) Collection of social sustainability modules in household surveys 03 Fewer social sustainability indicators Not all the many social indicators capture our components of social sustainability