MANJA PAMODZI FOUNDATION LIMITED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE RECYLING AND VALUE CHAIN ENHANCEMENT PROJECT BY MANJA PAMODZI FOUNDATION LIMITED IN LUSAKA NOVEMBER 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................iv EXECUTVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. v 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Summary Description of the Project Including Project Rationale ............................................... 1 1.3 The Developers Physical Address and the Contact Person ......................................................... 3 1.4 Particulars of MPFL Board Members.......................................................................................... 3 1.5 Track Record ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Brief Description of the Location ................................................................................................ 4 1.7 Total Project Cost/Investment .................................................................................................... 4 1.8 Proposed Project Implementation Date ..................................................................................... 4 2.0 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework .................................................................................. 5 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Location .................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Nature of the Project ................................................................................................................ 26 3.3 Main activities .......................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Technology/Methods ................................................................................................................ 29 3.5 Project Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.6 Raw Materials ........................................................................................................................... 30 3.7 Hazardous Materials, Equipment, and their Storage on Site ................................................... 31 4.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................ 32 4.1 Project or No-Project alternatives ............................................................................................ 32 4.2 Site Alternatives ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.4 Design Alternatives ................................................................................................................... 33 4.4 Sources of Water Alternatives .................................................................................................. 33 4.5 Sewage/wastewater Management Alternatives ...................................................................... 33 4.6 Power Supply Alternatives ........................................................................................................ 33 4.7 Technology Alternatives ........................................................................................................... 34 4.8 List of Chosen Alternatives in Order of Preference .................................................................. 34 5.0 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 36 5.1 Location .................................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Physical Environment................................................................................................................ 36 ii 5.3 Socio-economic baseline .......................................................................................................... 38 6.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................... 40 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................ 41 8.0 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND ESMP SUPERVISION AND MONITORING ......................... 55 8.1 Implementation Arrangement ...................................................................................................... 55 8.2 ESMP Budget ................................................................................................................................. 55 8.3 Monitoring and Supervision .......................................................................................................... 56 8.1 Incident Reporting ......................................................................................................................... 57 9.0 DEMOBILIZATION, COMMISSIONING, AND MAINTENANCE PLAN ..................................................... 58 10.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 59 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of impacts and mitigation measures ............................................................................. viii Table 2 Particulars of Board Members .......................................................................................................... 3 Table 3: Relevant Legislation, Interpretation, and compliance ..................................................................... 7 Table 4: Relevant World Bank Environmental and Social Standards ........................................................... 21 Table 5: reference coordinates for the proposed project site..................................................................... 26 Table 6: Raw materials for the site set up ................................................................................................... 30 Table 8 Results of dust/particulate matter from the project site................................................................ 36 Table 9: Laboratory Results of Groundwater............................................................................................... 37 Table 10:Noise level readings at different points within the proposed site................................................ 38 Table 12: Summary of Environmental and Social Risks and Mitigation Measures ...................................... 42 Table 11: Implementation arrangement...................................................................................................... 55 Table 12: Monitoring Schedule .................................................................................................................... 56 Table 13: Demobilization, Decommissioning and Maintenance Plan.......................................................... 58 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Arial view of the proposed project sit........................................................................................... 25 Figure 2: Actual images of the Manja Pamodzi recycling value chain and enhancement project. ............. 25 Figure 3: Organogram for the Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project. .............. 28 Figure 4: process flow diagram for the project - from collector to off taker............................................... 29 Figure 5: warehouse design proposal for the project. ................................................................................. 30 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8NDP Seventh National Development Plan AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CBD Central Business District CBO Community-Based Organizations COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease of 2019 EAC Environmental Assessments Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMA Environmental Management Act EPB Environmental Project Brief EPPCA Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FGRM Feedback Grievance Redress Mechanism GBV Gender-Based Violence GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia HDPE High Density Polyethylene HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography LDPE Low Density Polyethylene MoH Ministry of Health MPFL Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited NAEP National Environmental Action Plan NCS National Conservation Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPE National Policy on Environment NPF National Performance Framework NWASCO National Water Supply and Sanitation Council PP Polypropylene PCPW Post-Consumer Plastic Waste PCU Project coordinating Unit PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment RTSA Road Transport and Safety Agency SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse SH Sexual Harassment SOP Standard Operating Procedures STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases TDS Total Dissolved Solids TSS Total Suspended Solids VAT Value Added Tax WARMA Water Resources Management Authority WB World Bank WB EHGS World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines WDC Ward Development Committees ZB Zambian Breweries ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Agency ZEMA NRO Zambia Environmental Management Agency Northern Region Office ZESCO Zambia Electricity Supply Company iv EXECUTVE SUMMARY a. Background The Manja Pamodzi initiative was founded as a project initiated by Zambian Breweries (ZB) Plc. and implemented in selected peri-urban communities in the City of Lusaka. The project implementation by ZB began in February 2015 and in November 2015 the initiative was joined by Millennium Challenge Account Zambia (MCAZ) under a co-funding agreement of United States Dollars $1,841,006.30 in total. Since 2018, the Initiative has since been registered as a Company limited by guarantee, Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited. The establishment of Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited as a stand-alone recycling entity is meant to enable multi stakeholder participation and increased participation in the recycling value chain. This will further enable income generation for expansion of its activities and outreach with regards to the number of areas, beneficiaries, overall cleaner communities, and a growing recycling industry. To date, ZB Plc has further invested ZMW 2,500,000 in the initiative which has further established 13 community collection points in and around the peri-urban and urban areas of Lusaka. The historic and present sites in total have a cumulative total of over 900 collectors, 75% of whom are women and youth, who have been trained in business management, occupational health, and safety (OHS), capacitated with equipment, and provided with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to facilitate enhanced and safe collection of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste (PCPW). Since then, over 24,000 tons of recyclable post- consumer waste including cardboard, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and Aluminum cans have been collected. This has generated cumulative income of over ZMW 12,000,000 for aggregators and collectors. b. Project Rationale Lusaka faces significant waste management challenges, with more than 50% of waste uncollected and many urban households resorting to burying, burning, or dumping waste, leading to environmental hazards. The Manja Pamodzi initiative addresses these issues by promoting good waste management practices through increased collection and recycling of post-consumer packaging waste (PCPW) in lower-income, industrial, and commercial areas. This program not only reduces street waste but also provides job opportunities, particularly for women in the urban poor sector. Since its inception in 2015, Manja Pamodzi has collected over 24,000 tons of recyclable waste with twelve aggregator and thirteen collection points. However, the initiative is limited by its dependency on Zambian Breweries (ZB) funding, posing a challenge to its sustainability. There is an urgent need to expand and upscale our operations to processor level. By securing additional grants and funders, the initiative can scale up, generate income, and create a greater impact on waste management, job creation, and livelihoods. Without addressing this funding limitation, the initiative's growth and effectiveness will remain constrained. c. Project Objectives Main Objective The main objective is to increase tonnages of recovered PCPW and improved solid waste management practices for a cleaner and safer environment while providing business opportunities for the vulnerable in peri-urban communities. Specific Objectives: The specific project objectives are as highlighted below: • To expand the sustainable collection and recycling value chain for post-consumer packaging waste in Lusaka • To increase the number of waste collectors in Lusaka and increase their potential earnings through material value addition. • To create awareness of the issues and opportunities surrounding waste through educating the local population about the value and management of packaging waste, including the environmental health and safety (EHS) risks and impacts. d. Summary Description of the Project The proposed project is a recycling value chain enhancement project by Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited (MPFL). Manja Pamodzi continues to be community-driven initiative that is aimed at creating collector networks and aggregator sites that enhance the recycling value chain through the collection of post-consumer packaging waste (PCPW) such as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Conical Cartons, Cardboard, Paper and Aluminum Cans. This will be achieved by bringing together the community and relevant stakeholders to participate in activities that educate and sensitize, clean up the environment and at the same time create enterprise opportunities. The result of these activities is increased tonnages of recovered PCPW and improved solid waste management practices for a cleaner and safer environment while providing business opportunities for the vulnerable in peri-urban communities. For this project, the initiative proposes to set up aggregation, pre-crushing and bailing facilities in Lusaka. The aggregation, crushing and bailing facilities will be situated in a high density or high waste generation areas, where networks of collectors will be established around the sites. This will enable the initiative to increase its collectors, increase tonnage of recyclable waste collected from 2 tons/day to 5 tons/day, as well as increase income generation for collectors and re- investment/growth and sustainability of the initiative. Materials to be collected for pre crushing and bailing include PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, Paper, Conical Cartons, Cardboard, Paper and Aluminum Cans. Materials can then be transported from the aggregation and bailing sites to recyclers/processing companies in Lusaka for onward processing with no adverse impacts to the environment but rather an alleviation of waste impact on the environment. The equipment to be purchased include a PET crusher to process the PET into flakes, scrubbers/activated carbon filter, vi solar power system (was not costed initial proposal), and a 15-ton truck, ensuring that all equipment is energy-efficient. e. Environmental and Social Management Plan Objectives The main objective of ESMP was to identify and evaluate risks and impacts associated with the proposed construction and operation of the Manja Pamodzi value enhancement project on the physical, biological, and socio-economic environment and develop mitigation measures. The national environmental legislation, the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) and the technical Environmental and Health and Safety Guidelines (EHSGs) were applied in the preparation of the ESMP. f. ESMP Methodology and Approach The methodology and approach applied included review of literature, field assessments to collect baseline data and conduct stakeholder consultations. Field assessments involved collection of water and soil samples for analysis and stakeholders’ consultations were based on a door-to-door consultations with selected nearby communities and interviews with relevant government institutions. g. Legal and Policy Framework Multiple pieces of legislations relevant to the project activities were reviewed and the key ones to which compliance is required among others were; the Environmental Management Act, No. 12 of 2011 read together with the Environmental (Amendment) Act No. 8 of 2023, the Extended Producer Responsibility SI No 65 of 2018 the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, Statutory Instrument No. 28 of 1997, Gender Equity and Equality Act No. 22 of 2015, the Local Government Act No. 2 of 2019, Urban and Regional Planning Act, 2015, the Water Resources Management Act No. 21 of 2011, National Council for Construction Act No. 10 of 2020, Road and Traffic Act No. 11 of 2002, , Public Health Act, Cap 295 and its Subsidiary Legislation, Factories act, workers compensation act, Employment act and Occupational Health Safety Act No. 36 of 2010. In addition, project activities will also conform to the Word Bank’s ESSs, the EHSGS and Good International Industry Practices (GIIPs). h. Project Location The project will be implemented within the premises of Zambian Breweries at the Manja Pamodzi site. Zambian Breweries is located on Plot No. 6438 along Mungwi Road in the heavy industrial area of Lusaka and sits on an area of about 76,091.73 m2. Further, Zambian Breweries is located about 2.3 Km from the junction of Mungwi and Lumumba Roads and about 5 Km from the central business district of Lusaka. The site is located on Latitude –15.17 South and Longitude 28.19 degrees) and approximately 5.5 Km northwest of the Lusaka Main Post Office. i. Project alternatives There were three (3) alternative sites considered for the project. Two of the alternative sites were in Lusaka and one was in Ndola. Site alternatives considered for location of the Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement project was based on the following: the presence of a value chain; vii collection network; and availability of Land. ZB, to which MPFL is a subsidiary of, has two plants, one in Ndola and another in Lusaka. j. Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures The impacts in the various phases of the project have been summarized in the table 1 below. The detailed information on the impacts and proposed mitigation measures have been provided in chapter 6 and under the Environmental and Social Management Plan presented in chapter 7. Table 1: Summary of impacts and mitigation measures Impact Mitigation Measure CONSTRUCTION PHASE Reduced Ambient Air Quality • Suppress dust emissions by sprinkling water. Vehicle speed to be limited to 20 km/h. • Provide dust masks to workers. Regular maintenance of vehicles. Use low sulphur fuels. Monitor air quality. • Construction trucks transporting raw materials will be covered. Prohibit open burning of waste on site. Noise and Vibration • Provide PPE like earmuffs/plugs. • Monitor noise levels. • Limit operation hours to daytime. Regular maintenance of machinery. Soil Erosion • Preserve and reinstate topsoil. • Limit site clearance to construction footprint. • Install drainages to manage runoff water. • Conduct earthworks during dry season. Land Degradation • Limit vegetation removal. • Stockpile vegetative material for reclamation. • Replant vegetation post-construction. Soil Contamination • Conduct maintenance offsite. • Use non-leaking containers for hazardous chemicals. • Train personnel in handling chemicals. Reduced Worker Safety • Provide PPE like dust masks, gloves, ear plugs. • Erect warning signs and barricades. • Conduct safety inductions and talks. Monitor and report safety incidents. Land Degradation from Waste • Implement waste management protocols. Generation • Use licensed waste collectors. • Maintain good housekeeping practices. Visual Intrusion • Avoid parking heavy machinery on site when not in use. Contamination of Groundwater • Store hazardous materials on impervious floors with bunding. • Regularly inspect storage conditions. Deterioration of Public Access • Transport equipment on lowbed trucks. viii Roads • Limit heavy equipment movement to specific hours. Reduced Road Safety • Use road signs and set speed limits. • Train drivers on safe road practices. • Sensitize community on road safety. Strain on Social Facilities • Hire local community members to reduce migrant workers. Risk of Disease Transmission • Sensitize workers and community on health impacts. GBV/SEA/SH • Establish accessible Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) and periodically sensitize workers and community member. • Sensitize workers and community on GBV/SEA/SH issues • Introduce code of conduct for workers and signed by project workers. Influx of workers • Hire local labour. Unfair employment • Implement the Labor Management Procedures (LMP) to provide fair employment opportunity, establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers and ensure minimum age for employment in preventing forced labour and child labour OPERATIONAL PHASE Reduced Ambient Air Quality • Install air filtration systems. • Regular maintenance of machines. • Provide appropriate PPE. Emission of uPOPs • Ensure optimal processing conditions to reduce heat generated, and installation of air filtration system. Elevated Noise Levels • Provide earmuffs/plugs. • Monitor and limit noise levels. • Regular maintenance of equipment. • Limit operation hours to daytime. Power outages and instability • Procure energy efficient equipment and consider solar as an alternative source of energy to ensure reduced downtime. Soil and Groundwater • Store chemicals in labelled, non-leaking containers. Contamination • Train personnel in handling hazardous materials. • Install secondary containment systems. Reduced Road Safety and • Use road signs. Traffic Congestion • Set speed limits. • Train drivers on safe practices. • Schedule transportation during off-peak hours. Solid Waste Generation • Implement waste management plan. • Use designated bins. • Engage licensed waste collectors. ix • Promote waste segregation and recycling. Worker Injuries and Health • Provide PPE like gloves, safety shoes, helmets. Risks • Conduct safety training and drills. • Install emergency facilities. • Proper safety signage Ergonomic Hazards • Use mechanical aids. • Rotate tasks. • Provide training on lifting techniques. • Design ergonomic workstations. Fire Hazard • Install fire detection and suppression systems. • Store flammable materials safely. • Conduct fire drills. Maintain emergency exits. Equipment-Related Injuries • Install safety guards and emergency stop buttons. • Conduct regular maintenance and inspections. • Train workers on safe operation. Risk of Disease Transmission • Sensitize workers and community on health impacts. GBV/SEA/SH • Establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers. • Sensitize workers on GBV/SEA/SH issues • Introduce code of conduct for workers and signed all workers. Unfair employment • Implement the Labor Management Procedures (LMP) to provide fair employment opportunity, establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers and ensure minimum age for employment in preventing forced labour and child labour DEMOBILIZATION/DECOMMISSIONING PHASE Reduced Ambient Air Quality • Provide dust masks and suppress dust emissions. Elevated Noise Levels • Provide PPE like earmuffs/plugs. • Monitor and limit noise levels. • Limit operation hours to daytime. • Short duration of activities. Groundwater and Soil • Use non-leaking containers for hazardous chemicals. Contamination • Store and handle oil and hazardous substances properly. • Train personnel in handling chemicals. Reduced Road Safety • Use road signs. Set speed limits. Train drivers on safe practices. Unfair employment • Implementation the Labor Management Procedures (LMP) to provide fair employment opportunity, establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers and ensure minimum age for employment in preventing forced labour and child labour x 1.0 INTRODUCTION Manja Pamodzi with support from the World Bank through the Environmental Health and Pollution Management Project (EHPMP) intends to establish an aggregation and processing plant for post-consumer plastic waste which will not only help further reduce the amount of plastic pollution in the environment but also provide economic opportunities. The project, with support from the World Bank, through the EHPMP project, aims to lessen the harmful effects of climate change by reducing plastic pollution in the environment. It also seeks to improve public health outlook by reducing waterborne diseases caused by improper waste disposal. Most importantly, it will continue to create economic opportunities for collectors and aggregators by providing a source of income. The setting up and operation of the aggregation, bailing and pre-crushing facilities is likely to have both positive and negative effects on the environment and on people’s health hence the need to identify and assess potential adverse social and environmental risks impacts and to develop suitable mitigation measures, as part of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) before implementing the project. 1.1 Project Objectives The project objectives are as highlighted below: • To expand the sustainable collection and recycling value chain for post-consumer packaging waste in Lusaka • To increase the number of waste collectors in Lusaka and increase their potential earnings through material value addition. • To create awareness of the issues and opportunities surrounding waste through educating the local population about the value and management of packaging waste, as well as its health and environmental impacts 1.2 Summary Description of the Project Including Project Rationale The Manja Pamodzi initiative continues to be community-driven initiative that is aimed at creating collector networks and aggregator sites that enhance the recycling value chain through the collection of post-consumer packaging waste (PCPW) such as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Conical Cartons, Cardboard, Paper and Aluminum Cans. This is achieved by bringing together the community and relevant stakeholders to participate in activities that educate and sensitize, clean up the environment and at the same time create enterprise opportunities. The result of these activities is increased tonnages of recovered PCPW and improved solid waste management practices for a cleaner and safer environment while 1 providing business opportunities for the vulnerable in peri-urban communities. For this project, the initiative proposes to set up aggregation, pre-crushing and bailing facility in Lusaka. The aggregation, crushing and bailing facility will be situated at Zambia Breweries Plc Lusaka. This will enable the initiative to increase its collectors, enhance tonnage of recyclable waste collected as well as increase income generation for collectors and re-investment/growth and sustainability of the initiative. Materials to be collected for pre crushing and bailing include PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, Paper, Conical Cartons, Cardboard, Paper and Aluminum Cans. Materials can then be transported from the aggregation and bailing site to recyclers/processing companies in Lusaka or Ndola for onward processing with no adverse impacts to the environment but rather an alleviation of waste impact on the environment. Zambia is among the world’s poorest nations with 64% of the population falling below the poverty line. There is a steady trend among the youth towards urbanization with the greatest influx seen in the cities of Lusaka, Kitwe and Ndola. Population growth of 4.15% per year at these centers puts increasing demand on the already strained civil infrastructure. There is a 57% youth unemployment rate in urban areas, with the majority (80%) of the working- age population relying on the informal sector for income. Waste management is virtually non-existent in rural areas and even in the major cities an estimated 50% of the generated waste remains un-serviced. Most urban households (64%) bury garbage in pits on their plots and burn any excess. A further 20% of urban households dump their garbage in the street. These open dumpsites attract disease vectors such as mosquitos, flies, and rodents, and allow leachate to seep into the water table. Manja Pamodzi is an innovation that aims at sensitizing on good waste management practices and reducing the amount of waste in the streets through increasing the amount of post-consumer packaging waste (PCPW) collected and recycled in the lower income, industrial and commercial zones. Unskilled urban poor, with a particular focus on woman from this sector are given job opportunities and an avenue to reduce the environmental degradation within their areas. Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited has been established as a separate legal entity following the identified need for the continued sustainability of activities initiated to collect post- consumer packaging waste in communities. It has so far proved to be a successful model of collection of post-consumer recyclable waste utilizing education and awareness, development of collector networks and enhancement of collector-recycler linkages and building capacity of recyclers where possible. The initiative only has twelve (12) aggregators and over fifty (50} collection points and has collected over 24,000 tons of recyclable waste since its inception in 2015. However, there is an urgent need to expand this initiative to more areas, not only in Lusaka city but across all major cities in the country. Because the initiative is currently dependent on ZB funding, this poses as a limitation to its sustainability, it therefore seeks grants and more funders for the expansion of its activities as 2 a large-scale aggregator. The setup of MPFL managed aggregation site and value addition plant will enable the entity to generate income for further expansion and greater impact for its beneficiaries. Not addressing this limitation will leave this initiative at a very small scale, negatively impacting collection of postconsumer packaging waste and the opportunities for job creation and improved livelihoods. 1.3 The Developers Physical Address and the Contact Person Developer Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited Plot 6438 Mungwi Road, P.O Box 31293 LUSAKA Contact Person Ms. Bridget Bwembya Banda Corporate Affairs & Sustainability Manager Zambian Breweries Plc Cell phone: 0960943843 Email: Bridget.BwembyaBanda@zm.ab-inbev.com 1.4 Particulars of MPFL Board Members Table 2 Particulars of Board Members Name Designation Contact Email address number Thais Cavanitto Chairperson 0765025525 Thais.Cavinatto@bees.com Tawanda Hojane Board Director 0961066743 Tawanda.hojane@zm.ab-inbev.com Deborah Bwalya Board Director 0967784122 Deborah.bwalya@zm.ab-inbev.com Bridget B. Banda Board 0960943843 Bridget.bwembyabanda@zm.ab- Secretary inbev.com 1.5 Track Record Manja Pamodzi is a post-consumer waste incentivization initiative aimed at creating a clean environment whilst improving livelihoods for communities; Implemented in response to Extended Producer Responsibility Legislation. The initiative began implementation in February 2015 and was officially launched in August 2015.The first phase of Manja Pamodzi was co-funded by Zambian Breweries & Millennium Challenge Account Zambia and is Supported by Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) and Lusaka City Council (LCC). In August 2018, Manja Pamodzi was transitioned from a project to a separate legal entity, Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited (MPFL), a Company Limited by Guarantee. MPFL has successfully developed a model that is supporting local authorities and government efforts in waste management through changing mindset, cleaning the environment & creating 3 opportunities for self-employment & livelihood improvement. The foundation has also developed a sustainable recyclable waste value chain. It has also created a platform for data collection and dissemination of quantities of recyclable waste in the community and landfill for various stakeholders. From inception, MPFL has been launched in 14 townships in Lusaka through district clean-up events. The foundation also has 11 supported aggregator sites with a collector network of 1000collectors (more than 80% being female). As of February 2024, cumulative total recyclable materials collected stood at 22, 473.11 tons. 1.6 Brief Description of the Location The project will be implemented within the premises of Zambian Breweries at the Manja Pamodzi site (Latitude –15.17 South and Longitude 28.19 degrees). The site is located approximately 5.5km northwest of the Lusaka Main Post Office. 1.7 Total Project Cost/Investment The cost of the Manja Pamodzi – Recycling Value Chain Enhancement Project in Lusaka is USD 393,368.00. 1.8 Proposed Project Implementation Date Manja Pamodzi plans to commence implementation of the project soon after approval of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The proposed date is mid 2024 provided the project is approved by ZEMA. 4 2.0 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK This section presents social and environmental laws and regulations relevant to the proposed project. The following institutional and regulatory framework will govern the implementation of the proposed project at all project phases. 2.1 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 2.1.1 Policy Framework 2.1.1.1 National Policy on the Environment, 2007 The National Policy on the Environment (2007) addresses Zambia's critical environmental issues, including deforestation, land degradation, and pollution, largely driven by poverty and inadequate policies. It advocates for sustainable natural resource management, emphasizing community involvement, legal frameworks, and public awareness. The policy aligns with the UN Millennium Development Goals, focusing on poverty eradication and environmental sustainability. Manja Pamodzi's recycling and value chain enhancement project will directly support the policy's goals. By promoting waste recycling and reducing environmental degradation, the project helps mitigate the over-exploitation of resources and land degradation. It also aligns with the policy's emphasis on community participation and awareness, as the project involves local collectors and educational initiatives. Moreover, the recycling initiative contributes to sustainable economic growth by creating jobs and promoting the efficient use of resources, thus supporting the policy's objectives of improving livelihoods and environmental management. Through these efforts, Manja Pamodzi aids in building a more sustainable and resilient environment in Zambia. 2.1.1.2 Vision 2030 The Vision 2030 is a government policy document that reflects the country’s collective understanding, aspirations, and determination of the Zambian people to be a prosperous middle- income nation by 2030. The Vision provides that Zambia will aspire to achieve “universal access to clean, reliable and affordable energy at the lowest total economic, financial, social and environmental cost consistent with national developmental goals by 2030”. To ensure that the Vision is achieved, the GRZ developed the National Performance Framework (NPF). To attain the vision 2030, one of the NPF strategic objectives is to enforce environmentally and socially sustainable development principles. Vision 2030 is operationalized in sequential 5-year National Development Plans. Currently, the Seventh National Development Plan (7NDP) is in force. 2.1.1.3 Eighth National Development Plan The 7NDP is the country’s blueprint for development for the period 2021 to 2025. The Plan is a building block formulated to meet the country’s goals as contained in the Vision 2030. It recognizes the need to enforce environmentally and socially sustainable development principles and envisions a Zambia that exists in a sustainable environment. In this regard, the Plan has envisaged that by 2030, Zambia will have improved its laws, regulations and the capacity of institutions to promote sustainable use of environmental resources and adoption of environmentally friendly practices. 5 The Manja Pamodzi Recycling Value Chain Enhancement project is key to ensuring sustainable environmental management as outlined in development outcome 1 under strategic development area number three of the ENDP. This will be done through strategy number 2 – promoting integrated environmental management. 2.1.1.4 The National Health Policy, 2012 The National Health Policy of 2012 sets clear directions for the development of the Health Sector in Zambia. The policy recognizes that occupational mortality, morbidity and disability are a major problem in Zambia. The policy's objective is to achieve increased coverage of occupational health and safety services in all sectors to contribute to reducing occupational health and safety hazards at work. The policy's focus on reducing health risks from environmental hazards aligns with the project’s goals of promoting sustainable waste management and recycling. By addressing waste collection and reducing pollution, the project contributes to better public health outcomes, particularly in underserved communities, supporting the policy's objective of creating healthier living conditions across Zambia. 2.1.1.5 National Employment and Labor Market Policy, 2014 The main objective of the National Employment and Labor Market Policy of 2014 is to create adequate and quality jobs under conditions that ensure adequate income, protection of workers’ and basic human rights. This policy also stipulates the existing legal framework and examines its adequacy and relevance in facilitating the effective and efficient operations of the Labor Market within the existing macroeconomic framework. During the construction and operation of the Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project, there will be a need to protect the human rights of employees and as such, the policy will be relevant. 2.1.1.6 The National Youth Policy, 2015 The National Youth Policy was adopted in 2015 with the aim of providing an enabling environment that promotes the rights and obligations of the Youth and fosters their participation in national development. The policy defines a “youth” as a person aged between 15 and 35 years old. The policy also embraces provisions stipulated in various pieces of legislation and policies that regulate labor laws as a means of creating youth opportunities to legitimate work and self-employment opportunities. The construction and operation of the proposed Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project must be done in such a way that youths will be empowered and not discriminated against. 2.1.2 Review of Relevant National Regulatory Framework The proposed project activities touch on many regulatory instruments which need compliance with. Presented in the table 3 below is a listing of key legislation relevant to the project and requiring legal compliance were applicable. 6 Table 3: Relevant Legislation, Interpretation, and compliance INTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT AND COMPLIANCE Environmental The Act aims to ensure integrated environmental The proposed value addition plant for post-consumer Management Act, No. 12 management, protection, and sustainable use of plastic waste by MPFL at the ZB Lusaka plant is an of 2011 read together natural resources. It establishes ZEMA to oversee activity that may adversely affect the environment, with the Environmental environmental protection and pollution control. and as such, there is need for MPFL to conduct an Management The Act mandates that anyone planning an activity ESIA. Once the EIA has been prepared, it will be (Amendment) Act No.8 that may harm the environment must obtain submitted to ZEMA for consideration and MPFL will of 2023 ZEMA's approval. Additionally, ZEMA can delegate only commence the project when ZEMA issues MPFL its functions to appropriate authorities to with a Decision Letter approving the project. safeguard public health, welfare, and the environment. Environmental Protection The Regulations, under Regulation 3 state that and Pollution Control “a developer shall not implement a project for (Environmental Impact which a project brief or an environmental impact Assessment) Regulations, statement is required under the Regulations, Statutory Instrument No. unless a Project Brief or an Environmental 28 of 1997 Impact Assessment has been concluded in accordance with the Regulations and the Council has issued a decision letter”. Environmental The Regulations provide for licensing of The Regulations are relevant to the operations of the Management (Licensing) activities relating to air and water pollution; Manja Pamodzi recycling plant as they provide for Regulations, Statutory waste management; pesticides and toxic means in which waste management activities must Instrument No. 112 of substances; hazardous waste and ozone be conducted. 2013 depleting substances. In particular, Regulation 5 of the Regulations, read together with the 7 Second Schedule prescribe limits on emissions for ambient air pollutants, Further part IV of the Regulations prescribes. management of hazardous waste. Extended Producer The Statutory Instrument (SI) No. 65 of 2018, SI No. 65 of 2018 is crucial to the Manja Pamodzi Responsibility SI No, 65 of issued under the Environmental Management project as it provides a regulatory framework that 2018 Act, mandates that producers are responsible supports recycling and waste management. It for managing the lifecycle of their products, encourages producers to collaborate with initiatives including the post-consumer stage. It covers like ours, aligning with our mission to reduce various waste types, such as plastics, non- environmental impact through extended producer returnable containers, and electronic waste, responsibility. This regulation strengthens our requiring producers to implement measures for recycling network and promotes responsible waste waste minimization, treatment, and recycling. handling among stakeholders. This regulation ensures that producers take an active role in reducing environmental pollution by managing waste associated with their products. Solid Waste Management The Solid Waste Management Act in Zambia For the project, the Act's provisions are crucial in Act establishes a comprehensive legal framework guiding the legal and operational framework of our for managing solid waste, emphasizing waste management activities. Compliance with environmental and public health standards. It licensing and permitting requirements will ensure mandates that only licensed entities, excluding that our services are legally recognized and meet local authorities, can provide waste national standards. The responsibilities placed on management services. The Act also assigns waste generators align with our goals to educate and specific responsibilities to waste generators, engage communities in proper waste segregation, 8 such as maintaining cleanliness and segregating enhancing the efficiency of recycling efforts. The waste into designated categories. Additionally, emphasis on community participation supports our it encourages community participation in initiatives to foster local involvement in maintaining maintaining public cleanliness and outlines clean environments. Adhering to the prescribed strict standards for waste collection, standards for waste handling and disposal not only transportation, and disposal. Enforcement ensures regulatory compliance but also promotes mechanisms, including penalties for non- safe and sustainable waste management practices. compliance, ensure adherence to these regulations. Gender Equity and Equality The aim of the Act is to promote gender equality Undertaking the ESIA relating to the Manja Pamodzi Act No. 22 of 2015 in all spheres of life. The Act seeks to achieve its Recycling Value Chain Enhancement Project will aim through the establishment of the Gender involve both men and women and as such, all Equity and Equality Commission as well as the participants will be treated equally. Further, upon promotion of the implementation of measures implementation of the project, there will be need to strategies that ensure gender equity, equality make deliberate steps to ensure gender equity, and integration of both sexes in society. The Act, equality, and integration of both sexes throughout under Part IV further provides for the the project life cycle. elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and achieve gender equity and equality by giving effect to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women 9 Workers Compensation Act The Workers' Compensation Act ensures The Workers' Compensation Act is vital for the Manja workers receive compensation for injuries or Pamodzi project, providing protection and diseases related to their employment. It covers compensation for workers in case of workplace accidents occurring after the Act's injuries or diseases. The project involves potentially commencement and includes provisions for risky activities like sorting and processing materials, cases before the Act if covered by insurers. making compliance with the Act essential. This Employers' civil liabilities remain intact, but any compliance ensures workers' safety, legal damages awarded are reduced by adherence, and a responsible business approach, compensation paid under the Act. Workers can which is crucial for maintaining the project's claim compensation from third parties sustainability and reputation. responsible for their injuries, with provisions for employers or commissioners to recover costs. Human Rights Commission This Act seeks to promote the human rights As the recycling plant is intended to serve the Act, Cap. 48 of individuals and it establishes the Human interests of Zambians today as well as future Rights Commission as the body responsible for generations, its operation will be based on non- eradication of human rights abuse. Section 9 of discrimination on any grounds. Hence, people of the Act provides for the function of the Human different genders, ethnic groupings, religious or Rights Commission to investigate human rights political affiliations will be equally served by the violations; investigate any maladministration of processing plant. Further employees of the MPFL will justice; and propose effective measures to also not be discriminated against. prevent human rights abuse. Persons with Disabilities The Act provides for the protection of the In order to ensure that employees, clients or any Act No. 6 of 2017 interests of persons with disabilities in various other individuals who are physically disabled are not spheres of life, including the workplace. Section hindered from accessing the recycling plant, 2 of the Act defines a disability as “a permanent measures will have to be placed to make all parts of physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory the plant to be easily accessible by such individuals. impairment that alone, or in a combination with 10 social or environmental barriers, hinders the ability of a person to participate in fully or effectively society on equal basis with others”. The Local Government Act The Act provides for the establishment of Manja Pamodzi Recycling Value Chain Enhancement No. 2 of 2019 Councils or Districts, the functions of local Project will fall within the jurisdiction of the Lusaka authorities and the local government system. City Council and Ndola/Kitwe City Council. MPFL will Some of these functions of local authorities, as be required to obtain all the required permits from set out in the First Schedule to the Act, relate to the local authority. pollution control and the protection of the environment in general. Urban and Regional The Act provides for the development, planning The Act is relevant in that construction activities such Planning Act, 2015 and administration principles, standards and as infrastructure development will require planning requirements for urban and regional planning permission from the planning authorities in each processes and systems as well as a framework respective area. MPFL will ensure that all relevant for administering and managing urban and permission is obtained before embarking on any regional planning for the Republic. project that requires development planning Under section 15, the Act provides for planning authorization. committees, whose power is to- (i) recommend for adoption the integrated development plans, local area plans and any other plan prepared by the local planning authority in accordance with the Act. 11 (ii) recommend modifications or changes to the integrated development plan, local area plan and any other plan prepared by the local planning authority in accordance with the Act. (iii) consider and make planning decisions on applications for development as prescribed. (iv) monitor the implementation and enforcement of the integrated development plans, local area plans and any other plan prepared by the local planning authority in accordance with the Act. Water Resources The Act provides for the control, ownership and The proposed project will be implemented on ZB’s Management Act No. 21 of use of water and establishes the Water Resources premises. As MPFL is likely to drill a borehole on the 2011 Management Authority (WARMA) and regulates site of the, there will be need for MPFL to obtain a the use of public water including protection permit from WARMA. against pollution. Section 8 of the Act provides for the function of WARMA to promote and adopt a dynamic, gender- sensitive, integrated, interactive, participatory and multisectoral approach to water resources management and development that includes human, land, environmental and socioeconomic considerations, especially poverty 12 reduction and the elimination of water borne diseases, including malaria. National Council for This Act, under Part III provides for the The Manja Pamodzi Recycling Value Chain Construction Act No. 10 of promotion and development of the Enhancement Project will involve engaging a 2020 construction industry in Zambia through the contractor and/or subcontractors. During the registration of the contractors to provide for the implementation of the project MPFL will affiliation to the council of professional bodies only engage registered or organization whose members are engaged in contractors/subcontractors who adhere to the activities related to the construction industry; to provisions of the Act and its subsidiary legislation. provide for the regulation of the construction industry; to provide for the establishment for the construction school; and to provide for the training of persons engaged in construction or in activities related to the construction. Road and Traffic Act No. 11 The aim of the Act is to promote road safety for Relevance: The proposed is located on Mungwi and will of 2002 all road users. Section 4 of the Act establishes and involve traffic movement to and from the site during defines the functions of the Road Transport operations. MPFL will engage RTSA to ensure the and Safety Agency (RTSA) which include smooth flow of traffic to ensure the safety of people on 13 implementation of policy on road transport, sites as well as transporters of material that will be traffic management and used during the project implementation. road safety. Public Health Act, Cap 295 This Act regulates public health, including the The legislative framework under the Public Health and its Subsidiary prevention and control of infectious diseases. It Act is vital to the operations of the Manja Pamodzi Legislation mandates actions such as inspecting infected recycling and value chain enhancement project as premises and examining individuals suspected of adherence to the laws will enable the employees of carrying infectious diseases. Section 67 prohibits to be free from disease as well as the communities harmful discharges, like noxious matter or in which they live. wastewater, into public streets, watercourses, or unauthorized areas. Additionally, Section 71 places a responsibility on local authorities to implement measures to prevent water pollution. The Act also facilitated the introduction of the Public Health (Infected Areas) (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Regulations in 2020, aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19. Occupational Health Safety The Act outlines the responsibilities of The Act is relevant as it will enable MPFL to operate Act manufacturers, importers, and suppliers to the No. 36 of 2010 ensure that their products used at work do not recycling plants in a manner that will protect the pose health or safety risks. It requires employers employees as well as the Clients who access the site. to safeguard the health, safety, and welfare of employees by providing a safe work environment. Section 16(2)(f) specifies that employers must maintain a working environment that is reasonably safe and free from health risks 14 and provide adequate facilities and arrangements for employee welfare. Factories Act, Cap 441 The Factories Act ensures the safety and During implementation of the Manja Pamodzi inspection of plant and machinery in Recycling Value Chain Enhancement Project, various workplaces. It defines a factory as premises equipment will be used and as such, there will be where manual labor is performed. Section 33 need to adhere to the provisions of the Act so as to requires that factories with hazardous attain safety. machinery or equipment must secure these areas and display appropriate warning signs. Workers Compensation Act, It provides inter alia for compensation of All workers of MPFL who fall within the categories of No. 10 of 1999 workers for disabilities suffered or diseases those to be compensated under the Act will be contracted during the course of employment. accordingly compensated. Section 6 of the Act provides for the civil liability of the employer for injury or harm occasioned to an employee Environmental Impact The Environmental Impact Assessment Compliance to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations SI Regulations of 1997 are designed to assess the Assessment Regulations of 1997 is essential for No. 28 of 1997 potential environmental impacts of proposed Manja Pamodzi’s recycling value chain enhancement projects or activities in Zambia. These project to ensure that potential environmental regulations likely outline the procedures, impacts are identified, assessed, and mitigated criteria, and requirements that developers or effectively as highlighted in part 3 (2), (a) of the SI. proponents must follow when conducting an This will help promote sustainability and minimizing environmental impact assessment (EIA) for harm to the environment and local communities. their projects. The goal is to ensure that development projects are carried out in a 15 sustainable manner, minimizing harm to the environment and local communities. Solid Waste Management The Solid Waste Management and Regulations To ensure compliance with the Solid Waste and Regulations Act of 2018 Act of 2018 serves as a comprehensive legal Management and Regulations Act of 2018, will framework aimed at governing the implement measures to address the requirements of management and disposal of solid waste in the act, including obtaining necessary permits and Zambia. This legislation encompasses a range approvals, conducting an EIA, implementing waste of provisions designed to address the various sorting and segregation procedures, ensuring proper aspects of solid waste management, from waste transportation and disposal, implementing collection, sorting, transportation, treatment, pollution prevention measures, and engaging with and disposal (Part III) to licenses and permits local communities to promote sustainable waste (Part IV). management practices. Anti-Gender-Based The Anti-Gender-Based Violence Act of 2010 in The Anti-Gender-Based Violence Act of 2010 is Violence Act, 2010 Zambia is aimed at addressing the issue of relevant to the Manja Pamodzi Recycling project as gender-based violence (GBV) in Zambia. it emphasizes protecting victims and preventing The act provides for the protection of victims violence against women and girls. While not directly of gender-based violence and provides for related to our project's focus, it is important for us to matters connected with, or incidental to, the comply with this legislation to ensure a safe and foregoing. inclusive work environment for everyone involved. Employment Code Act No. 3 The Employment Code Act No. 3 of 2019 Manja Pamodzi will uphold the rights and well-being of 2019 serves as a comprehensive framework for of individuals engaged in the recycling vale chain regulating employment relationships in enhancement project activities. Zambia, with provisions aimed at ensuring fair treatment of workers, promoting workplace safety and health, and facilitating the 16 resolution of disputes between employers and employees. National Gender Policy The National Gender Policy of 2014 serves as a The relevance of the National Gender Policy (NGP) of (NGP), 2014 comprehensive framework for advancing 2014 to the Recycling Value Chain Enhancement gender equality and women's empowerment project lies in its overarching objectives to promote in Zambia, with provisions for policy gender equality and women's empowerment in objectives, gender mainstreaming, legal and Zambia. Compliance with this policy is crucial for institutional reforms, addressing gender- Manja Pamodzi to ensure that the project based violence, promoting women's contributes to advancing these objectives and participation in decision-making, capacity- promotes inclusivity and equality. building, and monitoring and evaluation. Employment of Children The act is intended to provide a legal By adhering to the provisions of the Employment of and Young Persons Act, framework that balances the need to protect Children and Young Persons Act of 1994, Recycling 1994 the rights and well-being of children and young value chain enhancement project will promote the persons with the realities of economic activity, rights, safety, and well-being of children and young ensuring that they are not exploited or persons, while also contributing to their education, exposed to harmful conditions while also development, and future opportunities. recognizing their right to education, development, and a safe and nurturing environment. 17 2.1.2 Institutional Framework The following institutional framework will govern the operations of the Manja Pamodzi Foundation Limited’s recycling and value chain enhancement project. 2.1.2.1 Ministry of Green Economy and the Environment The Ministry of Green Economy and the Environment is responsible for the overall framework for environmental policy. In particular, the Ministry is responsible for formulation of environmental, policy, strategy development, pollution control and natural resource conservation and management. 2.1.2.2 The Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) The Zambia Environmental Management Agency is a statutory body established under the Environmental Management Act (EMA), No. 12 of 2011. The following are the main functions of ZEMA: • Integrated environmental management and protection and conservation of the environment and sustainable management and use of natural resources. • Prevention and control of environmental pollution and environmental degradation. • Providing for public participation in environmental decision making and access to environmental information. • Undertaking environmental auditing and monitoring. • Facilitating implementation of international environmental agreements and conventions to which Zambia is party. In terms of institutional hierarchy, ZEMA falls under and is accountable to the Ministry of Green Economy and the Environment. Thus, this ESMP has been prepared for submission to ZEMA for consideration of the proposed project. 2.1.2.3 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development is responsible for local government policy on infrastructure development and human settlement. There are departments under the portfolio of the Ministry, which provide a strategic and supervisory role to local authorities. Although local authorities are established as corporate bodies, the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development plays an oversight role and provides a critical interface between the local authorities, Parliament and Central Government. 2.1.2.4 Lusaka City Council (LCC) The Lusaka City Council (LCC) was established under the Local Government Act No. 22 of 1991, which stipulates the functions, works, proceedings, powers and functions of all local authorities in Zambia. Like all other local councils, the Lusaka City Council falls under the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. Among the functions prescribed for local councils are policy formulation, forward planning, public health, water supply and sanitation, waste management, which includes waste collection and disposal site management for the area under their responsibility. Other functions are enforcement of by- laws, monitoring and inspectorate duties. Councils carry out their mandate through by-laws, which they are powered to make under the Local Government Act. The Manja Pamodzi 18 processing plant falls within the jurisdiction of the Lusaka City Council and is subject to its by- laws. The company is required to obtain licenses, permits and approvals relevant to the Brewery activities from the LCC during operations. 2.1.3 International and Regional Conventions Zambia is a party to many international and regional conventions aimed at addressing environmental concerns. Those relevant to the construction and operation of the Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project and its environmental setting will require compliance with and include but not limited to: • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. • United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. • The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic pollutants. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change In accordance with the UNFCCC, the Manja Pamodzi initiative should prioritize measures that contribute to mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste management activities. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Zambia has endorsed the SDGs, including SDG 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production, which emphasizes sustainable waste management, recycling, and resource efficiency. Aligning national policies and strategies with the SDGs helps Zambia achieve its development objectives while addressing environmental challenges, including waste management. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal To remain compliant with the Basel Convention, the Manja Pamodzi initiative will prioritize the environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes, including those generated during the recycling process. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Adherence to the Stockholm Convention is essential for mitigating the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment during recycling activities. While POPs are not typically associated with the materials collected by the Manja Pamodzi initiative, the recycling process itself will still avoid inadvertently generating or dispersing POPs. 2.1.4 World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) The project will also conform to the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards as contained in the ESF in addition to the national legislation. Five (5) out of the ten (10 19 standards, their relevance and how compliance of the project will be attained are presented in Table 4. MPFL is obliged to comply with all relevant World Bank Environmental and Social Standards as required by the Environmental and Social Framework. The Manja Pamodzi recycling value chain enhancement project triggers the following WB Environmental and Social Standards: • ESS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts • ESS 2: Labor and Working Conditions • ESS 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention • ESS 4: Community Health and Safety and • ESS 10: Stakeholders Engagement and Information Disclosure 20 Table 4: Relevant World Bank Environmental and Social Standards World Bank Environmental Explanation of the ESS Relevance to the Project and Compliance & Social Standards ESS1: ESS1 aims to ensure that World Bank-funded projects ESS 1 is relevant to The Manja Pamodzi recycling value chain Assessment and are implemented in a manner that minimizes harm to enhancement project due to its potential environmental and social Management of the environment and affected communities, while risks and impacts, particularly in terms of waste management. The Environmental maximizing sustainable development outcomes. It project aims to set up aggregation, pre-crushing, and bailing facilities and Social Risks sets a framework for proactive risk management and in high-density or high waste generation areas. These activities could and Impacts stakeholder engagement throughout the project have environmental implications such as air and water pollution, soil lifecycle. contamination, and habitat disturbance. Hence, the preparation of this ESMP with mitigation measures to reduce E&S risks and impacts associated with project activities. ESS2: Labor and ESS2 aims to promote fair and safe working ESS2 is relevant to the project because it involves the creation of job Working conditions in projects funded by the World Bank, opportunities for vulnerable populations, particularly focusing on Conditions protecting the rights and well-being of workers and unemployed youth and women from lower-income communities and contributing to sustainable development. It sets preventing forced labour and child labour. The project will ensure standards for labour practices and provides workers that the occupational health and safety of workers is not with accessible means to raise workplace concerns. compromised by being compliant to the requirements of ESS2 The worker GRM is in proportionate to the nature and including the preparation of OHS plan. The plan will include scale and potential risks of the project. procedures on incident investigation and reporting, recording, and reporting of incidents, emergency preparedness and response procedures and continuous training and awareness to workers. 21 ESS3: Resource ESS3 aims to promote sustainable resource ESS3 is relevant to the project as it involves waste management and Efficiency and management and pollution prevention in World recycling activities. ESS3 aims to promote resource efficiency and Pollution Bank-funded projects. By integrating resource- pollution prevention in projects. The project's activities, such as Prevention and efficient practices and pollution control measures, collecting, sorting, and processing post-consumer plastic waste, have Management projects can minimize their environmental footprint, the potential to generate pollution and environmental impacts if not protect human health, and contribute to sustainable managed properly. The project site will be designed to development goals. demonstrate technologies to reduce emissions of uPOPs in waste management. The design and equipment to be used to take into account minimization of waste generation, where the reuse, recycle and recover of waste needs to be conducted in a manner that is safe for human health and the environment. ESS4: ESS4 aims to promote community health, safety, and ESS4 is relevant to the proposed project due to its focus on Community security in World Bank-funded projects. By community health, safety, and security. The Manja Pamodzi recycling Health and addressing potential risks and implementing value chain enhancement project aims to improve solid waste Safety appropriate measures, projects can minimize harm to management practices and create cleaner and safer environments in communities and contribute to sustainable peri-urban communities. ESS4 requires the project to assess and development outcomes. mitigate potential risks to community health and safety associated with project activities. ESS10: ESS10 aims to ensure that projects funded by the ESS10 is relevant by the Manja Pamodzi recycling value chain Stakeholders World Bank are responsive to the needs and concerns enhancement project because it involves stakeholder engagement Engagement of affected stakeholders, promote transparency and and information disclosure. The project aims to bring together and Information accountability in project decision-making, and communities and relevant stakeholders to participate in waste Disclosure empower communities to participate in shaping their management activities. ESS10 requires the project to engage with all own development outcomes. By fostering meaningful stakeholders throughout the project cycle, provide them with timely engagement and information disclosure, projects can and relevant information about project activities and impacts, and build trust, legitimacy, and social acceptance, leading ensure their meaningful participation in decision-making processes. 22 to more sustainable and inclusive development outcomes. 23 Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines and Good International Industry Practices The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are comprehensive technical reference documents that provide general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). These guidelines are designed to help prevent waste generation, promote reuse and recycling, and ensure good housekeeping practices. They emphasize the importance of establishing waste management priorities based on an understanding of potential Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risks and impacts, and considering waste generation and its consequences. Section 1.6 of the EHS Guidelines on Waste Management specifically requires the segregation of waste and the establishment of a waste management hierarchy. This hierarchy prioritizes prevention, reduction, reuse, recovery, recycling, removal, and finally, disposal of wastes. The guidelines are intended to be applied throughout the project life cycle to ensure that EHS risks are managed effectively. These guidelines are used in conjunction with industry-specific guidelines to address the unique EHS challenges of different sectors, Project Environmental and Social Risk Classification The proposed project is classified as a Moderate risk project and hence the preparation of this ESMP. The moderate risk rating is based on the potential adverse risks and impacts on human populations and/or the environment are not likely to be significant with risks and impacts that are site specific and reversible. This is because the Project is not complex and/or large, does not involve activities that have a high potential for harming people or the environment, and is located away from environmentally or socially sensitive areas. As such, the potential risks and impacts and issues are likely to have the following characteristics: • Predictable and expected to be temporary and/or reversible. • low in magnitude. • site-specific, without likelihood of impacts beyond the actual footprint of the Project; and • low probability of serious adverse effects to human health and/or the environment (e.g., do not involve use or disposal of toxic materials, routine safety precautions are expected to be sufficient to prevent accidents, etc.). • The Project’s risks and impacts can be easily mitigated in a predictable manner . 24 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1 Location Figure 1: Arial view of the proposed project sit. Figure 2: Actual images of the Manja Pamodzi recycling value chain and enhancement project. 25 Zambian Breweries is located on plot No. 6438 along Mungwi Road in the heavy industrial area Lusaka City of Lusaka Province and sits on an area of about 76,091.73 m2. Further, Zambian Breweries is located about 2.3km from the junction of Mungwi and Lumumba Roads and about 5km from the central business district of Lusaka. Provided below are corner geographic coordinates of Zambian Breweries’ premises where the proposed project will be undertaken. Table 5: reference coordinates for the proposed project site Reference Latitude (S) Longitude (E) Corner 1 15°23'31.50" 28°14'52.00" Corner 2 15°23'32.00" 28°14'51.00" Corner 3 15°23'31.00" 28°14'50.00" Corner 4 15°23'30.00" 28°14'51.00" Further, the proposed project site lies about 1,274 m above mean sea level and slopes towards the north. Surrounding Zambian Breweries are the following facilities and developments: • North of the plant is Nyiombo Investments, a company dealing in commodity trading. • Northwest of the Plant is Sprayrite Zambia limited, a company dealing in panel beating works. • West of the plant is Backloads Zambia, a company dealing in freight and logistics. • South of Zambian Breweries is Tombwe Processing, a company dealing in tobacco processing. • Other companies within a 300m radius of Zambian Breweries include Zamleather, a subsidiary of Zambeef Plc, Panorama Security, ZAMIM Campus, Shorthorn Printers. George Compound is located beyond Zamleather. 3.2 Nature of the Project The Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project aims to create a modern processing facility to manage and process post-consumer waste materials. The project will involve the demolition of an existing building on the site to make way for the construction of a new facility designed from scratch. This new processing site will include a sorting area, bailing and crushing area, training room, as well as toilets and showers to support the project's operations and personnel. The facility will process materials sourced from a network of over 1,000 collectors and aggregators, facilitated by the Manja Pamodzi Trucks. Upon arrival at the site, materials such as PET, HDPE, PP, aluminum cans, paper, LDPE, and 26 cardboard will be sorted. The project will utilize a dry crushing/flaking process, specifically for PET, to minimize wastewater generation. The facility will also handle the baling of cardboard and cans to reduce volume, while HDPE, LDPE, and PP materials will be sold in their raw form due to their high market value. The final products, after processing, will be packed in 50 kg bags, sealed, and transported to processing plants offering the best price. 3.3 Main activities This section describes the main project activities included in the Preparation, Construction and Operation Phases. 3.3.1 Preparation Phase • Preparation of detailed engineering designs • Preparation of ESMP • Obtain a decision letter from the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), and secure license to transport and treat solid waste from the Lusaka Integrated Solid Waste Management company (LISWMC) • Stripping of topsoil • Demarcation of site in readiness for excavations • Transportation of construction materials to site and onsite storage of materials in designated areas such as but not limited to building blocks, sand, gravel, and stones. 3.3.2 Construction phase • sub-structural works: excavations of trenches for the foundation, spreading and compaction of gravel and aggregate mixing, pouring and compaction of concrete, construction of the ground floor structures. • super-structural works; mixing, pouring and compaction of concrete, preparation of the mortar, construction of the upper floor and buildings on the upper floor. • installation of the electrical power system and associated electrical units, water and sewage management units, mechanical equipment; and • construction of walkways and driveways, parking areas and drainage network 3.3.3 Operation phase and maintenance phase This section outlines the main activities that will be carried out by the Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement project in Lusaka. Phase I: Aggregation and Processing Site Set-up • Procurement of truck and plastic crushers • Get approval letter from ZEMA, and secure licenses for transportation and treatment of solid waste from LISWM. • Lusaka community engagements • Lusaka collection Network Development 27 Phase II: Operation • Installation of crushers • Commissioning and operationalization of site • Collection of 50 tons of recyclable post-consumer waste per month Phase III: Waste Management Education and awareness • Pre DCP training • DCP Lusaka • Post districts clean up (DCP) engagement Lusaka • Schools’ awareness • Communication campaign 3.3.4 Staffing During the Operation Phase The structure of the Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement program will take the shape of the MPFL organizational structure as highlighted below: Figure 3: Organogram for the Manja Pamodzi recycling and value chain enhancement project. 3.3.5 Wastewater treatment • In our design, the wastewater system for the MPFL plastic processing site is divided into two categories: Wastewater from the Toilets, Kitchen, and Showers: This wastewater goes directly to Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company (LWSSC) Municipal Sewer system; and • Wastewater from the grinding process: Little to no generation will occur as we intend to use dry grinding machines. 28 3.4 Technology/Methods The Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement project processing site for post-consumer waste will house a dry crusher for PET, and a bale press for aluminum cans and cardboard. A dry crusher is designed to break down PET bottles and other materials without the use of water, making it a water-efficient option. It simplifies the recycling process by reducing material size, making it easier to handle and process further. A bale press will be essential for compressing cardboard and aluminum cans into dense, manageable bales, significantly reducing volume for more efficient storage and transportation (Figure 4). Collector/ Aggregator MPFL Processing Site Cardboard & PET HDPE, Aluminium Bottles LDPE cans Baling Dry Crusher Baling Off taker Figure 4: process flow diagram for the project - from collector to off taker. 3.5 Project Facilities The processing site will be oriented in such a way that resources like land, wind, and sunlight will be utilized to their optimum extent. The shorter side of building will be oriented along the East West side to reduce heating effect as this would be the path followed by the sun. The prevailing wind direction is east to west. The proposed building will have one floor with the conceptual design showing 50 by 25m. The figure below shows the conceptual design of the 29 Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement processing. Figure 5: warehouse design proposal for the project. 3.6 Raw Materials The processing site will be set up under the Manja Pamodzi value chain enhancement project on Zambian Breweries land that is part of the expansion project. Raw materials to be used will be post-consumer solid waste will be PET bottles, Aluminum cans, LDPE, HDPE, PP, Cardboard, and paper. Table 6: Raw materials for the site set up Raw material Source/Supplier Mode of Delivery 1. Laterite, gravel for base layer Authorised or licensed local To be transported suppliers on road to site 2. Cement Authorised or licensed local To be transported suppliers on road to site 3. Concrete for slab foundations, rebar (for Authorised or licensed local To be transported reenforcing concrete) suppliers on road to site 4. Water Lusaka Water and Sewerage Onsite Lusaka Water Company and Sewerage Company facilities on site 5. Electrical power ZESCO Ltd and portable ZESCO Ltd power gensets and solar units for supply system, solar back-up system to be installed 30 6. Other building materials (timber, steel, Authorized or licensed local To be transported aluminum, paints, door and window suppliers or to be imported. on road to site frames, nails, sewer pipes, etc. wires, glassware, etc.) 3.7 Hazardous Materials, Equipment, and their Storage on Site During the operation phase of the project, only non-hazardous material will be used on site. This withstanding, Manja Pamodzi will still put in place the following safety measures to ensure occupational health and safety: • Workers on site will be required to have full PPE to include, safety shoes, goggles, PVC gloves, and overalls. • Appropriate signage throughout the workspace for appropriate PPE, hand washing stations, and segregation zones. • Adherence to a strict standard operating procedure (SOP) to encompass, training and compliance, regular inspections, and an emergency response plan. 31 4.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 4.1 Project or No-Project alternatives If the project is not implemented, there will be missed opportunities to address critical environmental and social challenges associated with post-consumer plastic waste in our community. This includes the perpetuation of environmental degradation, heightened public health risks, and the loss of economic opportunities for vulnerable groups such as waste collectors. On the other hand, if the project is implemented, it will enable us to effectively collect and process post-consumer plastic waste into flakes, thereby enhancing the value chain and promoting sustainable waste management practices. This will contribute to environmental protection, public health improvement, and progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11 which speaks to sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the implementation of the project is the preferred option, as it offers tangible benefits for our community, aligns with our organizational objectives of promoting sustainability, and supports broader national and international development goals. 4.2 Site Alternatives There were 3 alternative sites considered for the project. Two sites were in Lusaka and one in Ndola. The Lusaka site was preferred because it satisfied the project criteria. Site alternatives considered for location of the project was based on the presence of a value chain, collection network and availability of Land. ZB, to which MPFL is a subsidiary of, has two plants, one in Ndola and another in Lusaka. (i) Option 1: Locating the Processing Plant at ZB Lusaka The Lusaka plant has adequate space to accommodate the set-up of an aggregation and processing site, owing to the plant expansion project. In addition, MPFL already has an established value chain and community network in the surrounding communities which will ensure consistent supply of raw material and increase in tonnage collections from communities. Manja Pamodzi will be able to use the said land at no cost. Further, land use activities in the area surrounding the proposed project site are not in conflict with the proposed facility as the site is in an industrial area. Additionally, being on ZB property guarantees increased security for the equipment and most importantly is located in the catchment of MP’s biggest collector network. (ii) Option 2: Locating the Processing Plant at ZB Ndola Plant This option was considered however, the collection network in Ndola is not as vast in comparison to Lusaka and does not have adequate space to facilitate the project activities. For these reasons, this option was not preferred. (iii)Option 3: Locating the Processing Plant away from the ZB plants Manja Pamodzi also considered renting a warehouse for the project activities. This option proved to be costly to MPFL. This option was not preferred. 32 4.4 Design Alternatives Two alternatives were considered. These are: (i) Option 1: Construction of warehouse using steel from and concrete This option meant constructing a warehouse using a steel from and concrete to house the processing area, meeting room, bathroom, kitchen, and offices. This option proved to be costly and time consuming and so was not the preferred option. (ii) Option 2: Construction of warehouse using prefabrication and shipping containers This option meant constructing the aggregation and processing site using 40-foot containers and prefabrication. With the processing and aggregation being housed in the 40-foot containers while the offices, meeting room, toilets and showers were to be housed in prefabricated units. This option was less costly and hence the preferred option. 4.4 Sources of Water Alternatives (i) Option 1: Use of existing water supply from Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company There exists a consistent water supply from Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company which will be more than adequate for operations and hence the preferred option. (ii) Option 2: Use of existing boreholes There are 2 existing boreholes on site that are the primary water source for all the processes at the ZB plant. Thus, tapping from this source may lead to disruptions in the plant activities as well as exceeding the abstraction limit set for ZB by WARMA. And hence this was not a preferred option. (iii) Option 3: Sinking a Borehole This entails sinking a new borehole for water supply for the project site. This is an option that may be considered in future. 4.5 Sewage/wastewater Management Alternatives Wastewater from the showers and toilets will be into the automated ZB wastewater system which is in turn fed into the LWSSC system. 4.6 Power Supply Alternatives The project site is located in an area serviced by the power company, ZESCO Limited. It is, however, preferred that a backup power supply system be installed to ensure that there are no operational interruptions. Below are the power supply alternatives which the Agency considered. (i) Existing power supply system from ZESCO Limited as the main source of power. (ii) Use of the existing power supply from ZESCO Limited, with adjustments to the system, as the main source of power, and solar energy as backup 33 sources. Manja Pamodzi preferred option ii to ensure that there are no operational interruptions when supply from ZESCO Limited is off. 4.7 Technology Alternatives Considering the technological aspects of the project, Manja Pamodzi explored various alternatives to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in post-consumer plastic waste management: (i.) Mechanical Sorting Systems: Implementing automated mechanical sorting systems to streamline the separation of different types of post-consumer plastic waste. This technology offers higher sorting accuracy and throughput compared to manual sorting, leading to improved efficiency and reduced labor costs. (ii.) Advanced Pelletizing Technology: Exploring advanced pelletizing technology for processing post-consumer plastic waste into pellets. This includes innovative machinery and equipment that can handle a wide range of plastic materials, optimize pellet quality, and increase production capacity while minimizing energy consumption and operational costs. (iii.) Blockchain Technology for Traceability (BanQ): Leveraging blockchain technology to establish transparent and traceable supply chains for post-consumer plastic waste. This enables stakeholders to track the origin, movement, and transformation of plastic materials throughout the recycling value chain, enhancing accountability and trust. 4.8 List of Chosen Alternatives in Order of Preference The alternatives below were considered and preferred as listed below. 4.8.1 Project or No-project alternatives (i) Project implementation (ii) No project 4.8.2 Site alternatives (i) Proposed site (ii) No other site 4.8.3 Design alternatives (i) Proposed design (ii) No other design 4.8.4 Source of water alternatives (i) Option 1: Use of existing water supply from Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company (ii) Option 2: Use of existing boreholes (iii) Option 3: Sinking a Borehole 4.8.5 Wastewater Management alternatives (i) Proposed wastewater treatment system (ii) No other alternative 34 4.8.6 Power supply alternatives (i) Use of the existing power supply from ZESCO Limited, with adjustments to the system, as the main source of power, and solar and gensets as backup sources (ii) Existing power supply system from ZESCO Limited as the main source of power 35 5.0 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Location Lusaka is situated between latitudes 15° and 30° south and between 25° and 30° east of the Equator. It is bordered by three (3) districts namely, Chongwe, Chilanga, and Kafue, and shares an international boundary with Zimbabwe to the south. The City of Lusaka has a total land coverage of approximately 360 Km² (Zambia Tourism Board, 2023). This geographical context helps to define the scope of waste management efforts and the logistical considerations necessary for implementing the project. 5.2 Physical Environment 5.2.1 Climate Lusaka City is located in Agro-ecological region II, which is a medium rainfall zone with annual precipitation averaging 800–1,000mm. The rainy season spans 6.7 months from October to May, with January being the wettest month, receiving 185.42mm of rainfall. The climate in Lusaka is mild, warm, and temperate. This climate baseline is crucial for the Manja Pamodzi Project, as it influences the timing and efficiency of waste collection, recycling operations, and the overall effectiveness of value chain enhancements in Lusaka. .The average temp ranges from 19.4°C to 30.6°C . 5.2.2 Air Quality The proposed project site is in Lusaka's heavy industrial area, where air quality is generally variable due to the presence of several processing industries. To assess the air quality, ambient air monitoring was conducted at two locations within the site using a handheld Respirable Particulate Matter (PM) sampler. The readings for PM2.5 and PM10 were recorded at each location, with the results presented in Table 8. Table 7 Results of dust/particulate matter from the project site Location PM25 PM25 Maximum PM10 PM10 Maximum (µg/m3 Acceptable (µg/ Acceptable ) Concentration m3) Concentration (µg/m3/year) (µg/m3/day) Coal shed area 12.0 15.0 0 0 Fuel station 13.0 15.00 14.0 70.00 0 0 As observed in table 8 above, the levels of PM2.5 recorded varied between 12 – 13ug/m3 while 36 that of PM10 varied between 14 – 15ug/m3. Once the proposed project activities commence, stringent air quality monitoring program will be implemented and strictly adhered to. This baseline will help us to ensure that recycling and waste processing activities are conducted within safe environmental parameters, minimizing any additional impact on the air quality in an already industrialized area. 5.2.3 Soil and Land use Lusaka lies in the agro-ecological region III. Soils in agro-ecological region III are highly weathered and leached and characterized by extreme acidity. Consequently, the soils have few nutrients available for plant growth and are high in exchangeable aluminum and manganese, both of which are toxic to crops unless soils are limed to increase pH (Source: "Description of cropping systems, climate and soils in Zambia" by Dr. R. Chikowo, available at https://www.yieldgap.org/zambia). The predominant soil type in the industrial area is clayey - sand soil. The land use around the project area is mixed-use, meaning it encompasses both industrial and commercial activities. It is essential that project activities are in tandem with the land use patterns and have minimal potential environmental impact. 5.2.4 Landscape and Topography Lusaka District lies at altitude of approximately 1250 to 1455 meters above mean sea level. Specifically, the project site at Zambian Breweries within Lusaka District is situated at an altitude ranging from 1269 to 1267.8 meters above mean sea level. Additionally, the proposed project area is generally flat, with local areas of higher relief but gently slopes towards the north. This baseline will aid in the planning the layout and infrastructure of processing plant, ensuring effective drainage and minimizing potential environmental impacts related to the site's elevation and slope. 5.2.5 Groundwater and Surface Water There are no surface water bodies within at least a 3.5km radius of the proposed project area. As such, no water samples were recovered from any surface water body during the assessment. Three (03) groundwater samples (including a blind duplicate) were recovered from two active boreholes on site from the nearest taps. The two boreholes are the primary sources of water supply at the plant. Presented in table 9 below are laboratory results of the groundwater samples recovered during the assessment: Table 8: Laboratory Results of Groundwater Sample Oils and Conductivi Total Hydrocarbo Code Grease ty Dissolved pH ns (ppm) (ppm) (µs/cm) Solids (mg/l) 37 <0.005 <0.005 730 366 7.12 ZBWS 01 <0.005 <0.005 725 363 7.16 ZBWS 02 <0.005 <0.005 690 346 7.11 ZBWS 03 <0.005 <0.005 720 361 7.14 ZBWS 04 5.2.6 Noise Level The project site consists of some sections within the plant where noise is excessively high and low in areas far away from the processing units. An IEC 651 type II sound level monitor with a measuring range of 30 – 130dB was used to collect noise data in the dBA scale (energy- averaged sound level) at three different points about 100m apart in all the three noise level ranges. Understanding the noise level baseline will help in designing and implementing noise control measures to mitigate potential disturbances during the construction and operation phases. Table 9:Noise level readings at different points within the proposed site Noise Level Readings (dB) Processing area Warehouse Low (30 - 80 dBA) Low (30 - 80 dBA) Low (30 - 80 Low (30 - 80 dBA) dBA) Med. (50 - Med. (50 - Med. (50 - Med. (50 - 100dBA) 100dBA) 100dBA) 100dBA) High (80 - High (80 - High (80 - High (80 - 130dBA) 130dBA) 130dBA) 130dBA) 5.3 Socio-economic baseline Zambia is among the world’s poorest nations with 64% of the population falling below the poverty line. There is a steady trend among the youth towards urbanization with the greatest influx seen in the cities of Lusaka, Kitwe and Ndola. Population growth of 4.15% per year at these centers puts increasing demand on the already strained civil infrastructure. There is a 57% youth unemployment rate in urban areas, with the majority (80%]) of the working- age population relying on the informal sector for income. This baseline underscores the need for Manja Pamodzi project, making the project's potential to provide sustainable livelihoods and reduce poverty particularly impactful for the local community. 5.3.1 Demographics Lusaka Province comprises of seven (07) Districts, with an estimated 456,957 housing units 38 and a total population of 2,198,992. Out of the total population, 1,080,152 were males while 1,118,844 were females. However, the project area is entirely within Lusaka urban whose total population was estimated at 125,030 with 25,572 housing units. Understanding the demographics of Luska informs the scale and the scope of the project. 5.3.2 Health Lusaka City is home to the country’s largest referral hospital, The University Teaching Hospital (UTH). There is at least one health care facility within every 15km in Lusaka. Lusaka has a total of 170 Urban Health Centre’s, 11 Health Posts, 3 Level 3 Hospitals, 1 Level 2 Hospital and 9 Level 1 Hospitals. These Health Centre’s are run by the Government through the Ministry of Health and cooperating partners while others are privately owned and funded (List of Health Facilities in Zambia, 2012). There is a Company Clinic within the premises where employees are treated for cases not needing specialist attention. 5.3.3 Education Zambia's education system, like many in developing African countries, is divided into five tiers: primary, middle, secondary, tertiary, and vocational education. Zambia has accomplished close to all-inclusive elementary school completion levels – national statistics indicate a completion rate of 91.8 per cent at Grade 7. Even so, this covers noted extensive provincial differences, with, for instance, the northern region recording 81.3 per cent (72 per cent for female students) and Lusaka 78.6 per cent. Overall, girls continue to be at a disadvantage with a large number of them dropping out in the upper primary and secondary grades, and poorer levels of transition to junior secondary and senior secondary levels. The system faces challenges with high dropout rates. Lusaka City has a combined total of about 411 combined Community, Primary and Basic Schools and 69 Secondary Schools. There are several early childhood, primary and secondary schools including tertiary institutions within 1km of the Zambian Breweries. One of the project's activities One of the project's activities includes conducting waste management education and awareness programs in these schools. 5.3.4 Built Environment Existing facilities within the project site include office blocks, ablution facilities, warehouses, boreholes and water treatment unit, access roads, processing units, coal storage shed, filling station consisting of two aboveground diesel tanks and two pumps, waste storage area and wastewater treatment plant. Understanding the built environment baseline provides the necessary infrastructure foundation for the efficient project execution, ensuring that existing facilities are leveraged effectively to support project goals. 39 6.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION Stakeholders were identified and consulted as part of the preparation of the ESMP. The consultations were held during the ESIA process with representation from Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company Limited, ZESCO Limited, District Education Board, Lusaka City Council, Ministry of Health- Lusaka District Health Office and meetings with Companies in the Vicinity and Lusaka Water Supply and Sanitation Company. The purpose of consolations were to enhance understanding on issues that included (i) water utility lines traversing the project site and the proposed wastewater management facility; (ii) power lines traversing the project site; (iii) baseline information relating to the education sector Lusaka; (iv) guidance from the Council on issues of Change in land use, required permits, public health aspects including solid waste management and any other requirements emanating from applicable laws and bylaws; (v) baseline information relating to the health sector in Lusaka Province and Lusaka City; (vi) feedback on project from companies in the vicinity related to description, purpose, Project components; and potential project impacts and potential mitigations A separate Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) was prepared for the Project, based on the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standard 10 on Stakeholder Engagement. The SEP and the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) that has been prepared and will be updated as the project progresses. 40 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The proposed upscaling of a recycling initiative involves adding two small-scale crushers and utilizing prefabricated portable containers. Several environmental and social risks and impacts were identified during the screening and scoping process and the mitigation measures included in the ESMP. The ESMP aims to ensure effective management of environmental and social risks and impacts associated with the project, facilitate compliance with regulatory requirements, promote stakeholder engagement and participation, and enhance project sustainability through the implementation of best practices in environmental and social management. The environmental and social risks, impacts and mitigation measures relating to the proposed project have been summarized in table 12. 41 Table 10: Summary of Environmental and Social Risks and Mitigation Measures CONSTRUCTION PHASE Activity Aspect Environmental/ Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring Freque Cost of Social Impact Party /Performance ncy of Monitoring and Indicators Monito Mitigation ring Land clearing, Dust Reduced ▪ Suppress dust emissions Operations Absence of dust Daily As per contract stockpiling of emissions Ambient Air during earthworks by Manager construction Quality sprinkling the worked areas Absence of materials, with water using a water complaints transportation bowser. and offloading ▪ Limit speed of trucks and Dust levels within the of construction heavy vehicles on statutory limits. materials to the construction sites to 20 site. km/h to reduce dust emissions from vehicle movement. ▪ Provide dust masks to the workforce at points of high dust generation. ▪ Regular and proper maintenance of construction vehicles to reduce exhaust emissions. ▪ Prohibit idling of vehicles on the project site. ▪ Use low sulphur fuels in construction vehicles and 42 construction equipment, where applicable. ▪ Regularly monitor air quality on the project site through the use of portable monitoring equipment. ▪ Avoid blasting activities by employing alternatives such as hydraulic hammers. ▪ Cover truck beds with tarpaulins during material transport. ▪ open burning of waste material at work sites will be Prohibit. Construction material (sand, quarry dust, laterite etc.) will be moistened. Movement and Noise and Reduced/Loss ▪ MPFL shall ensure that the Operations Noise levels within the Daily As per contract operation of vibration of hearing and contractor provides suitable manager statutory limit. heavy sleep PPE for the workers. equipment and disturbance ▪ Where workers are exposed Records indicating trucks, to elevated sound levels, use vehicle maintenance of personal protective equipment such as Absence of earmuffs/plugs will be complaints mandatory. ▪ Noise levels will be Records of PPE issued monitored to ensure that to workers 43 they do not exceed 55 dB (WB Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, Noise level guidelines) during daytime hours and not more than 45 dB in the night. ▪ Operation hours for the construction phase will be limited to daytime hours. MPFL shall ensure that all equipment and machinery to be used on site undergo regular maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment. Site clearing, Stripping of Soil Erosion ▪ Preserve topsoil by Operations Presence of covered Weekly As per contract digging and topsoil and stockpiling and covering it. Manager stripped topsoil excavations removal of ▪ Reinstate topsoil after vegetation completion of construction Percentage of site works, where possible for cleared Vs. site landscaping. restored. ▪ Limit site clearance to the construction footprint. ▪ Direct runoff in the areas of the natural drainage system and provide for adequate drainage where possible. 44 ▪ Control earthwork activities during construction. Contract for the contractor should stipulate that, wherever possible, heavy earthworks should be carried out during the dry season to prevent soil from being washed away by the rain. ▪ Minimize soil compaction by avoiding the movement of heavy vehicles and machinery on wet soils and using wider tires where possible. Site clearing, stripping of Land ▪ Limit the removal of Operations Presence of covered Monthl As per contract digging and topsoil and degradation vegetation to worksites only. Manager stripped topsoil y excavations removal of ▪ Stockpile vegetative material vegetation at the edge of the cleared Percentage of site area and utilize it for cleared Vs. site reclamation of the site. restored. Land restoration by way of planting vegetation. Digging and Oil leaks from Soil ▪ Except for minor or Operations Absence of oils on the Daily As per contract excavations, construction contamination emergency cases, carry out Manager ground laying of vehicles and all repair and maintenance foundation for hazardous work offsite. Presence of a 45 the building chemicals ▪ Use non-leaking containers dedicated hazardous for the storage of hazardous materials and chemicals at the chemical storage area construction site. ▪ Store and handle oil, Presence of spills kit lubricants, and other on site hazardous substances in accordance with the Records of refueling Environmental Management at existing service (licensing) regulations SI No, stations 112 of 2013 and the EHSG of the World Bank. Numbers of trainings ▪ Train personnel dealing with held. oil products (e.g., mechanics, maintenance Training attendance personnel) in handling and registers storage oil and hazardous chemicals. All vehicles will refuel at existing fuel stations within Lusaka. Occupational Reduced ▪ Preparation and Operations Records of risk Daily As per contract health and workers safety implementation of the Manager assessments safety risks health and safety conducted. include management plan exposure of ▪ Personal Protective Records of trainings workers to Equipment (PPE), including undertaken dust dust masks, Work suits, emissions, Records of number of 46 working at Gloves and ear plugs will be incidences and near heights, and provided to workers. misses lifting of ▪ Barricading tape and heavy warning signs will be erected Presence of safety materials, in appropriate places on the signage on and exposure to construction site (e. g. around the site elevated around construction sites) to noise levels, avoid accidents. Records of PPE trips and falls ▪ workers will be inducted in issued. safety according to Employment Code Act. Use of PPE issued. ▪ Safety talks will be held on a daily basis. Records of training s ▪ Identify possible risks conducted training associated with construction registers. activities and sensitize workers on safety practices. ▪ Conduct induction training for new workers. ▪ Conduct regular training on health and safety including safe working methods and the proper use of PPE and the dangers associated with no and/or incorrect use. ▪ Record any incidences and near misses regarding safety and sensitize workers 47 continuously on safety measures. ▪ The project site will be a restricted area and hence no unauthorized persons will be expected on site. ▪ A dedicated access for delivery and construction vehicles will be created. Workers working on heights shall be provided with harness safety belts. Construction of Solid and Land ▪ Sound waste management Operations Waste disposal Daily As per contract the warehouse hazardous degradation protocols will be observed, Manager records. waste and waste bins will be placed generation in strategic points. Number of waste ▪ Waste from the site will be receptacles. collected by a licensed garbage collector at regular Segregated according intervals. to type of waste. ▪ General good house-keeping practices will be strictly adhered to. ▪ Hazardous waste will be collected by a licensed hazardous waste collector. Construction construction Visual intrusion ▪ Machines such as cranes Operations Absence of idle Weekly As per contract and excavation equipment and excavators will not be manager machines on site 48 activities and parked on site when not in machinery use. such as cranes, excavators, trucks Digging and Oil leaks from Contamination ▪ Except for minor or Operations Monitoring records. Monthl As per contract excavations, construction of ground water emergency cases, carry out Manager y laying of vehicles and all repair and maintenance foundation for hazardous work offsite. the building chemicals ▪ Use non-leaking containers for the storage of hazardous chemicals at the construction site. The storage area for the hazardous materials will have an impervious floor with bunding. Movement of Creation of Deterioration of Earth moving equipment will Operations Absence of material Monthl As per contract heavy earth potholes public access be transported on lowbed Manager spills on the road. y moving roads truck. equipment The movement of heavy Logbook of vehicles equipment will be limited to accessing the site. specific hours (06 -18 hours) Movement of Increased Reduced road ▪ Road signs will be used to Operations Records of accidents Daily As per contract delivery traffic safety guide community members Manager vehicles and construction workers on Presence of safety proper road use to reduce signage the risk of accidents. 49 ▪ A speed limit of 20 Km/hour Records of will be set for vehicles community moving within the project sensitization area. conducted ▪ MPFL shall ensure that drivers of construction Records and number vehicles are trained on safe of trainings conducted road practices. with the drivers of Sensitize community construction vehicles members, especially children, on safe practices during road use. Construction of unfair Strain on Social MPFL will ensure that the Operations Presence of a trained Weekly As per contract the warehouse employment Facilities due to contractor hires local Manager first aider increase in community members to migrant reduce, where possible, the Presence of a first aid workers. number of migrant workers kit towards the project area of influence Records showing Child labour and MPFL will ensure that the number of local forced labour contractor adheres to people employed. minimum age for hire in preventing forced labour and child labour. MPFL will ensure the Omit vulnerable contractor provides fair groups/persons employment opportunity, 50 Public health Psychological • Periodically sensitize Operations Records of Quarte As per contract and safety and physical workers and community manager sensitization rly harm member. and project initiatives GBV/SEA/SH • Establish accessible project coordinator GRM and periodically Adherence to the sensitize community GBV/SEA/SH policy • Sensitize workers and community on GBV/SEA/SH issues. • Establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers • Introduce code of conduct for workers and signed by project workers. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE Activity Aspect Environmental/ Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring Freque Cost of Social Impact Party Indicators ncy of Monitoring and Monito Mitigation ring Sorting and Land Solid waste • Implement a Operations Segregation of waste Weekly $ 3,810 processing of degradation generation comprehensive waste Manager PET management plan. and Project Training records on • Use designated bins for Coordinator waste management different waste types. procedures • Engage licensed waste collectors. 51 • Promote recycling and reusing waste materials where possible. Operation of Worker Occupational • Provide PPE such as gloves, Project Machine Quarte $ 935 machines and injuries and health and ear buds, safety shoes, and Coordinator Maintenance and rly equipment health risks safety helmets. safety checks • Conduct regular safety training and drills. Records of PPE • Install emergency showers issued. and eye wash stations. • Ensure proper signage and Training and barricading of hazardous certification of staff areas. Use of PET Risk of Mechanical • Install safety guards and Operations Presence of a first aid Monthl $240 flaking equipment- hazards emergency stop buttons on manager kit y machines and related machines. and Project balers injuries • Conduct regular Coordinator Presence of a trained maintenance and first aider inspections. • Train workers on safe Presence of safety operation procedures. signage • Provide first aid facilities and trained personnel Storage of Increased risk Fire hazard • Install fire detection and Project Segregation of waste Weekly $336 flaked PET and of fire suppression systems. Coordinator other materials • Store flammable materials Presence of fire away from ignition sources. safety signage 52 • Conduct regular fire drills and training. Records and number • Maintain clear and of fire drills and accessible emergency exits. trainings conducted Operation of Reduced/Loss Noise Pollution • MPFL shall ensure provision Project Records of PPE issued. Weekly PPE costs equipment at of Hearing of suitable PPE for the Coordinator demobilization due to workers and members of Noise levels below Elevated staff. 55dB during daytime noise levels • Where workers are exposed and not more than 45 to elevated sound levels, dB in the night use of personal protective equipment such as Presence of safety earmuffs/plugs will be signage showing the mandatory. required PPE for each • Noise levels will be work area monitored to ensure that they do not exceed 55 dB (WB Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, Noise level guidelines) during daytime hours and not more than 45 dB in the night. • Operation hours for the construction phase will be limited to daytime hours. Recruitment of Unfair Influx of • implementation of Labor Operations Adherence to the monthl workers employment workers Management Procedures Manager LMP y 53 (LMP) to ensure fair Exploitation of employment opportunity, vulnerable establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers and ensure minimum age for employment in preventing forced labour and child labour Public health Psychological • Periodically sensitize Operations Records of Quarte Operating costs and safety and physical members of staff and manager sensitization rly harm community member. and project initiatives GBV/SEA/SH • Establish accessible project coordinator GRM and periodically Adherence to the sensitize community GBV/SEA/SH policy • Sensitize workers and community on GBV/SEA/SH issues. • Establish accessible worker GRM and periodically sensitize workers • Introduce code of conduct for workers and signed by project workers. 54 8.0 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND ESMP SUPERVISION AND MONITORING 8.1 Implementation Arrangement The overall responsibility for implementation of the Environmental and social Management Plan at all phases of the proposed project shall be that of management of Manja Pamodzi. The line Manager to be directly responsible for the implementation of all proposed mitigating measures is the Project Manager who will be assisted by Environmental and Safety Officers. Details of the responsibilities assigned to the design consultant and consultants have been summarized below. The table below shows the summary of coordination of responsibilities during the project implementation. Table 11 below summarizes the implementation arrangements. 8.2 ESMP Budget The costs of implementing the ESMP for the Contractor and Consultant will be included in the tender documents and shown as a line item on the BOQ. It is the contracting party’s responsibility to ensure that they have provided adequate financial resources to undertake all responsibilities as prescribed in this ESMP. Table 11: Implementation arrangement Responsible Party Roles and Responsibilities Manja Pamodzi • Ensure that tender documents include the ESMP and the cost of ESMP implementation is included in the contract. • Ensure that contracts include a condition to implement and comply with the ESMP, including the preparing of Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan and Health and Safety Management Plan prior to commencement of works. ZEMA • Enforcement of environmental regulations and ensuring that the Manja Pamodzi project complies with the Environmental Management Act of Zambia • Approval of the submitted ESMP and compliance monitoring through periodic inspections and audits and ensure to ensure implementation of the ESMP as approved. • ZEMA may require updates to the ESMP if there are significant changes in the project scope, activities, or environmental conditions during implementation. Ministry of Labour • Ensure compliance with the national OHS regulations. (OHS department) • Workplace inspection and audits of the project sites to assess compliance with workplace safety requirements. • Identification and management of workplace hazards, including those related to the handling of solid waste and recyclables. 55 • Ensure reporting and record-keeping of any workplace accidents, injuries, and health-related issues. 8.3 Monitoring and Supervision Table 12: Monitoring Schedule Monitoring Description Responsible Timeline Type Baseline Assessment of existing environmental Manja Pamodzi Before project Environmental conditions (e.g., air quality, water Project commencement Monitoring quality, waste management) before the Coordinator, project begins. ZEMA Site Inspections Regular inspections to ensure Manja Pamodzi Daily during adherence to environmental and social Operations project management practices on-site, Manager implementation including waste segregation and worker safety. Waste Monitoring of proper collection, Manja Pamodzi Ongoing, Management handling, and disposal of solid waste Team weekly or Monitoring generated during project activities. biweekly Occupational Monitoring the safety measures and Operations Daily Health and working conditions for employees and Manager and Safety waste collectors, ensuring compliance Project Monitoring with safety protocols. Coordinator Community Tracking community involvement and Operations Ongoing Engagement addressing concerns related to Manager and Monitoring environmental and social impacts. Project Ensuring that stakeholder Coordinator communication is maintained. Post- Final environmental audit to evaluate ZEMA, Upon Implementation the overall environmental impact of the Independent completion of Environmental project and assess the effectiveness of Auditor major project Audit the mitigation measures. activities Corrective Follow-up monitoring on any corrective Operations As needed, Action actions required by ZEMA or identified Manager and based on audit Monitoring during internal audits. Project findings Coordinator 56 Social Impact Monitoring social impacts, including Project Quarterly or as Monitoring effects on local communities and Coordinator, M&E required livelihoods, ensuring that no negative Specialist impacts arise from project activities. Annual Comprehensive review of Manja Pamodzi Annually, at the Performance environmental, social, and operational Team end of each year Evaluation performance, ensuring the ESMP is effectively implemented and identifying areas for improvement. 8.1 Incident Reporting The PIU needs to ensure MPFL has established incident reporting procedures. In case of an incident or accident related to a project that has or is likely to have a significant adverse effect on the environment, affected communities, the public, or workers, MPFL must inform the PIU within 24 hours who should then inform the Bank. Notification to the Bank: The PIU to notify the Bank electronically within 48 hours of becoming aware of the incident or accident. Include details about its nature, circumstances, and any actual or potential effects or impacts. Any severe injury (requiring off-site medical care) or fatality incident shall be reported to the Bank within 24 hours with basic information. A detailed incident report including the following will be submitted within 10 working days: • Detailed incident report with a root cause analysis. • Corrective action plan on immediate mitigation measures in case of continuing danger (e.g., fencing, signboard, guards), compensation to the affected family based on a clear rationale, risk assessment and correct application of ESHS management procedures. Medium and long-term mitigation measures including enhancement of safety measures, audits, and additional training. These procedures ensure that incidents and accidents are managed effectively, and appropriate measures are taken to prevent future occurrences. 57 9.0 DEMOBILIZATION, COMMISSIONING, AND MAINTENANCE PLAN The transition between the project phases will be characterized by three major activities, namely, demobilization by the contractor at the end of construction, rehabilitation of the office complex and support facilities and commissioning of processing equipment during the operational phase. The table below highlight the actives at various stages. Table 13: Demobilization, Decommissioning and Maintenance Plan Phase Activities End of Construction Phase Demobilization by the • Removal of all excess construction material from Contractor the project site • Continuous removal of all excess vegetation and soils • Relocation of construction machinery During the Operational Phase Maintenance of the warehouse • Periodic structure monitoring and maintenance and support facilities • Refurbishing and repainting of the warehouse Commissioning of processing • Installation and operationalisation of the Equipment processing equipment (crushers, bailing machine) During the construction and operational phases, MPFL will adopt a continuous rehabilitation system that will involve re-vegetation of cleared areas. This will be adopted post closure to restore the area to near pre-constructional conditions. Moreover, areas that will show elevated levels of hydrocarbon contamination will be remediated and the highly affected areas of soils will be stripped and treated. 58 10.0 REFERENCES 1. The Environmental Management Act, S.I No. 12 of 2011. 2. The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, S.I No. 28 of 1997. 3. The Environmental Management (Licensing) Regulations, S.I No. 112 of 2013. 4. The Solid Waste Management Act, S.I No. 20 of 2018. 5. The Workers’ Compensation Act, S.I No. 10 of 1999. 6. The Local Government Act, S.I No. 2 of 2019. 7. The Employment Code Act, S.I No. 3 of 2019. 8. The Occupational Health and Safety Act, No. 36 of 2010. 9. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 10. The World Bank Group’s Environmental and Social Framework 11. Environmental Management Act, No. 12 of 2011 read together with the Environmental Management (Amendment) Act No.8 of 2023 12. Environmental Protection and Pollution Control (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations, Statutory Instrument No. 28 of 1997 13. Extended Producer Responsibility SI No, 65 of 2018 14. Gender Equity and Equality Act No. 22 of 2015 15. Workers Compensation Act 16. Factories Act 17. Human Rights Commission Act, Cap. 48 18. Persons with Disabilities Act No. 6 of 2017 19. Public Health Act, Cap 295 and its Subsidiary Legislation 20. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations SI No. 28 of 1997 21. Employment Code Act No. 3 of 2019 22. Non-Governmental Organizations Act, 2009 23. National Gender Policy (NGP), 2014 24. Employment of Children and Young Persons Act, 1994 59