THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE P.O.BOX 24 KIGALI RWANDA ENERGY GROUP (REG) Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) (Project Number P172594) FINAL REPORT UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Kigali, January 2025 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... v LIST OF ANNEXES ............................................................................................................. v LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................ vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... vii I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study objectives................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope of work ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Methodology and Approach .................................................................................................. 4 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 10 2.1. Project components ........................................................................................................... 11 III. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT ......................................... 32 3.1. Location and Size.............................................................................................................. 32 3.2. Physical Environment ........................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Geology and soils .............................................................................................................. 39 3.4. Forests ............................................................................................................................. 41 3.5. Biodiversity of wetlands .................................................................................................... 45 3.6. Pastoral zones ................................................................................................................... 46 3.7. Woodlands ....................................................................................................................... 46 3.8. Socio-economic and environment ....................................................................................... 47 IV. REVIEW OF NATIONAL, INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK . 64 4.1. Legal Framework .............................................................................................................. 64 4.2. Policy Framework ............................................................................................................. 70 4.3 Institutional framework for environmental management ......................................................... 74 4.4. World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) ................................................. 76 4.5. World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines ........................................... 86 4.6. Compliance of the EAQIP Project with Rwandan Environmental Laws and Regulations ......... 102 V. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....... 102 5.1. Beneficial social and environmental impacts ...................................................................... 102 5.2. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).......................................................... 120 5.6 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan-ESMP ............................................................... 143 VI. ESMF SCREENING PROCEDURE ............................................................................... 161 6.2. subproject screening, with reference to the E&S screening tools; ...................................... 161 6.3. Steps of ESIA preparation in Rwanda............................................................................ 161 - 6.3.1. Project Brief Submission and Registration ...............................................................161 Page ii of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - 6.3.2. Screening .......................................................................................................................161 - 6.3.3. ........................................................... Baseline data collection and Analysis of Initial State ......................................................................................................................................161 - 6.3.4. ............................................................................... Impact prediction and analysis of alternatives ............................................................................................................................161 - 6.3.5. ........................................................................................................................ ESIA Report....................................................................................................................................162 - 6.3.6. ....................................................................................................................... Public hearing ..................................................................................................................................162 - 6.3.7. .................................................................................................................. Decision‐ making ..................................................................................................................................162 - 6.3.8. Environmental and Social Monitoring .......................................................................162 6.4. Environmental and social documentation ....................................................................... 162 - 6.4.1. Screening Checklist ....................................................................................................162 - 6.4.2. Terms of References for ESIA ....................................................................................163 - 6.4.3. Generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): ................................163 - 6.4.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ......................................................................163 6.4. Monitoring of Complaints ................................................................................................ 174 6.5. Resettlement Action Plans ................................................................................................ 174 6.6. Review and clearance of the environmental and social instruments; ...................................... 174 VII. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT, TRAINING RESPONSIBILITIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT. ........................................ 175 7.1. Capacity assessment ........................................................................................................ 175 7.2. Capacity development ..................................................................................................... 175 7.3. Implementation Arrangement ........................................................................................... 175 7.4. Roles and Responsibilities of Rwanda Energy Group, EDCL-PCU ....................................... 179 7.5. Roles and Responsibilities of BRD .................................................................................... 179 7.6. Rwanda Environment Management Authority .................................................................... 179 7.7. EDCL and EDCL-PCU ................................................................................................... 179 7.9. Anticipated challenges based on lessons learnt from on-going projects (WB and other DPs) .... 181 7.10. Updated ESMF Implementation Activities and allocated Budget ......................................... 184 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ........................................................... 185 8.1. Disclosure of an updated ESMF ........................................................................................ 185 Page iii of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 8.2. Public Consultation ......................................................................................................... 185 8.3. Project Stakeholders ........................................................................................................ 185 8.4. Public participation – methods and process ........................................................................ 186 8.5. Feedback from initial consultation from stakeholders .......................................................... 186 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 189 REFERENCE ................................................................................................................... 190 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 191 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Compatibility matrix according to specific objectives ................................................................... 7 Table 2: Details of Components and Donor Requirements ........................................................................ 29 Table 3: Gender thematic distribution in 27 administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda .................................................................................................................................. 47 Table 4. Education of the population by district, gender and age .............................................................. 50 Table 5: Poverty and extreme poverty distribution in 27 Administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda .................................................................................................................. 53 Table 6: Energy sources distribution in 27 administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda .................................................................................................................................. 56 Table 7: Economic activities of the population in 27 Administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda .................................................................................................................. 62 Table 8: Project Classification according to levels of impacts ................................................................... 78 Table 9: World Bank Environmental and Social Standard Triggered by EAQIP ...................................... 86 Table 10: Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines: ........................................................................... 89 Table 11: Summary of EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution ..................... 95 Table 12: Summary of potential positive environmental and social impacts ........................................... 104 Table 13: Summary of potential negative environmental and social impacts .......................................... 106 Table 14: Environmental and Social Management Plan .......................................................................... 121 Table 19: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for all project phase ............................................ 145 Table 15: Process, stage and timeframe for grievance resolution ............................................................ 169 Table 16: Proposed Members of GRC and their roles under EAQIP. ...................................................... 171 Table 17: Proposed members of the GBV taskforce under EAQIP. ........................................................ 172 Table 18: Other methods of communication with the stakeholders ......................................................... 172 Table 20: Anticipated challenges ............................................................................................................. 181 Table 21: Indicative Budget for the updated ESMF implementation ....................................................... 184 Table 22: Summary of the feedback from stakeholders’ consultation ..................................................... 186 Page iv of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Proposed map indicating the allocation of every Development Partner (DP) ............................ 11 Figure 2 Rwanda National Electrification Plan (NEP) Output................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Project Structure and Implementation Arrangements ................................................................. 31 Figure 4 Annual average rainfall distribution ............................................................................................ 34 Figure 5: Rwanda Relief and climate ......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 6: Surface water .............................................................................................................................. 37 Figure 7: Forests in the project area ........................................................................................................... 44 Figure 8: Structure of the Workers Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................ 165 Figure 9: Grievance Redress Process for the implementation of EAQIP................................................. 169 Figure 10: ESRM Institutional Arrangement under EAQIP .................................................................... 177 LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: General Sub-Project Information ................................................................................ 191 Annex 2: Checklist to Identify the Scope of Environmental Assessment and Application of Safeguard Provisions ................................................................................................................... 192 Annex 3: Checklist for Environmental Selection (Screening) of Sub-Projects .......................... 193 Annex 4: Suggested Format for a Sample Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ..................................................................................................................................................... 194 Annex 5: Impact Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 195 Annex 6: Terms of Reference for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ..................... 200 Annex 7: Itinerary of Stakeholder Consultations and outcome .................................................. 205 Annex 8: Timeframe for the consulted stakeholders .................................................................. 222 Annex 9: Attendance List of consulted people ........................................................................... 228 Annex 10: Signed attendance list for 4 Provinces of Rwanda .................................................... 243 Annex 11: Chance find procedures under EAQIP ...................................................................... 243 Annex 12: Environment Health and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution.................................................................................................................................. 246 Annex 13: Guidelines for Management of Solar Panels and Batteries (including Recycling/Safe Disposal) in Off-grid Electrification (part of Component 3) ...................................................... 251 Annex 14: Indicative contents of waste management plan ......................................................... 253 Annex 15: Expected Administrative Districts under EAQIP per development Partners ........... 254 Annex 16: Sample of the photo-log during public consultation meeting ................................... 255 Annex 17: E-WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................ 256 Annex 18: Rema Clearance on Medium and Low voltage lines ................................................. 256 Page v of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) LIST OF ACRONYMS EA : Environmental assessment AFD : Agence Francaise de Développement CFL : Compact Fluorescent Lamp DP : Development Partner EAQIP : Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project RUEAP : Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program EASSDP : Electricity Access Scale-Up and Sector Wide Approach Development Program EDCL : Energy Development Corporation Limited EHSP : Environmental Health and Safety Plan EICV : Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey ESF : Environmental and Social Framework EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA : Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF : Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP : Environmental and Social Management Plan ESSs : Environmental and Social Standards EU : European Union GIIP : Good International Industry Practice GoR : Government of Rwanda GRMC : Grievance redress mechanism committee IDA : International Development Association LV : Low Voltage MINECOFIN : Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MININFRA : Ministry of Infrastructure MoE : Ministry of Environment MV : Medium Voltage NST1 : National Strategy for Transformation one OFID : OPEC Fund for International Development PAP : Project Affected People PCB : Polychlorinated Biphenyls PIU : Project Implementation Unit PPE : Personal Protective Equipment RAP : Resettlement Action Plan RAPEP : Rwanda Association of Professional environmental Practitioners REMA : Rwanda Environmental Management Authority RoW : Right of Way RPF : Resettlement Policy Framework RURA : Rwanda Utility Regulatory Authority Rwf : Rwandan Franc SFD : Saudi Fund for Development SMART : Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timebound ToR : Terms of Reference WB : World Bank Page vi of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project context The Government of Rwanda (GoR) through the Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), with the funding from the World Bank/International Development Association (IDA) and other Development Partners (DP) is developing a project titled “Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP)” financed and led by World Bank and co-financed by Agence Française de Développement (AFD) (joint co-financing), the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) (parallel co-financing), and the Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) (parallel). This multi-donor energy sector investment financing project will support the Government of Rwanda’s energy access objectives during this period of the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1; 2017-2024). The EAQIP Project would have a total volume of an estimated US $ 302,822,739 including additional funds. The total IDA investment would be US$150 million and US$ 10 million grant from Clean Cooking Trust Fund (CFF), spread across four components of i) increasing grid electrification, ii) enhancing the efficiency of electricity service, iii) increasing access to off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions, and iv) technical assistance, institutional capacity building and implementation support. The project will also receive the funds from other development partners namely AFD loan of EUR 80 million and The OPEC Fund for International Development and the Saudi Fund for Development with US$ 40 million investment financing. The Project Development Objective is to increase access to modern energy for households, enterprises and public institutions; and enhance the efficiency of electricity services in Rwanda. The project has four main components: Component 1: Increasing access to grid electricity which will increase access to Households within 14 administrative districts located in three provinces of Rwanda namely Western, Southern and Northern Province. Component 2: Enhancing the efficiency of electricity service which will include the following subcomponents: 2a) Rehabilitation of the Ntaruka Hydropower Plan (HPP); 2b) Investments to improve stability and reliability of the power system; 2c) Improvements in the operational performance of Energy Utility Corporation Limited (EUCL). Component 3: Increasing access to off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions with the following subcomponents: 3a) Increasing off-grid electricity access; and 3b) Increasing access to clean cooking solutions. 3c) Increasing clean cooking solutions for schools This is a new sub- component that will be implemented with additional funds Component 4: Technical assistance, institutional capacity building, and implementation support which includes as subcomponents: 1) Technical Assistance (TA); 2) Capacity building; 3) Implementation Support; and 4) RETF grant from Clean Cooking Fund. Rationale for updated ESMF and other Project ESF documents that supplement it. The updated ESMF sets out clear procedures and mechanisms as well as practical approaches to ensure the compliance of the subprojects/project activities with the requirements of National laws and the World Bank (WB). This project entails a greater range of investments; hence, the updated Page vii of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) ESMF was prepared as a framework compatible with WB Environmental and Social framework. The updated ESMF is also in line with requirements of the Environmental Law (No. 48/2018 of 13/08/2018) determining the modalities for protecting, conserving and promoting the environment in Rwanda, and the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. The WB Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) triggered by the project are mainly ESS1 (Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts), ESS2 (Labour and Working Conditions), ESS3 (Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management), ESS4 (Community Health and Safety), ESS5 (Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement), ESS6 (Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources), ESS8 (Cultural Heritage), and ESS10 (Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure). Other Project environmental and social documents that supplement this updated ESMF include WB EHSG (World Bank Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines), RPF (Resettlement Policy Framework), project-specific ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment), RAP (Resettlement Action Plan), ESMP (Framework Environmental and Social Management Plan), and EHSP (Environmental Health and Safety Plan). Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures According to the WB ESF (Environmental and Social Framework), the project’s environmental and social risk rating is substantial, considering the anticipated risks and impacts associated with construction of (medium-voltage) power distributions lines (component 1), enhancing the efficiency of electricity services (component 2), and distribution of solar systems and clean cooking solutions (component 3). It also considers technical assistance that involves sector performance improvements and forward-looking options for sector development; capacity building in planning, skills development, audit and compliance; and policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, including targeted training for women entrepreneurs under clean cooking solutions (part of component 4), among others. According to the law regulating Environmental Impacts Assessment in Rwanda the project involving the construction of HV (High Voltage) lines, MV (Medium Voltage) lines and Hydro dams is subject to full Environmental Impact Assessment. The project activities will involve construction of MV and LV lines within 14 administrative districts distributed in three provinces of Rwanda (West, North and South) under component 1. Further the project will involve the rehabilitation of NTARUKA HPP and installation of AVR on 220kV, power system stabilizers and governing systems on main generators, building GIS system, and completing installations of smart meter for all distribution transformers and medium/large customers. It is anticipated that the construction of MV and LV lines and associated facilities will be subject to Environmental and Social Impact Assessment according to Ministerial Order No 001/2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment which stipulates that all projects involving the construction of MV and HV lines must undergo a full Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment. For each of these project components, the assessment will be done to analyze the project impacts on natural environment (air, water, soil, fauna, flora) and socioeconomic and cultural environment. For component 2, an Environmental and Social Audit is prepared for NTARUKA HPP for their particular adverse environmental and Page viii of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) social impacts. For all project components the mitigation measures will be developed in Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in compliance with World Bank Environmental and Social Standard 1 (ESS1): Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; and Environmental law 48/2018 of 13/08/2018. Positive Impacts In the construction phase there will be temporary employment opportunities for local contractors and those who will be employed or supply services and provisions for workers and to contractors. Within the respective project areas there will be opportunities for petty trading and small business service provision along the construction of power electrical line in component 1, Ntaruka and Nyabarongo I HPP rehabilitation under component 2. Furthermore the component 3 of increasing access to off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions will create many employment opportunities for private sector companies, local people who will be hired and especially targeted women entrepreneurs who will receive the capacity building to be motivated to take part in the business of clean cooking solutions. It is proposed that the off-grid and clean cooking subcomponents could also benefit from World Bank Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev), which is a result-based financing (RBF) instrument that makes payment against certified emission reductions (CER) resulting from the sustainable dissemination of off-grid solar home systems and improved and clean cookstoves envisaged under Component 3. Some of social benefits includes the enhancement of electricity supply services in the trading centres and small industries like sawmills and joineries, grain mills and other agricultural processing businesses which need electricity for efficient production. The long-term direct positive impact is therefore the access to reliable electricity supplies, which will lead to better provision and easier management of goods and services and enable new facilities for processing and storage. Social and environmental costs, not least in noise and air pollution, associated with existing generator usage and kerosene lamp will be reduced and there will be a more limited requirement for firewood cutting and collection which will reduce indoor air pollution and contribute to the long- term environmental pollution control through the reduction of CO2 emissions and fossil fuel use. Adverse impact The project is expected to have some adverse environmental impacts, but all of them will be mitigated to the extent possible to avoid any harm that this may cause to the environment. The component 1 is expected to have different environmental impacts on vegetation resulting on bush clearing, soil and water contamination resulting on the use of machinery fuel and lubricants, contamination due to the unsafe waste disposal, landscape deformation and land degradation due to different excavation works, noise pollution caused by the use of heavy vehicles and machines, and air pollution from the burning of fossil fuel, among others. The component 2 of Enhancing the efficiency of electricity service will involve Ntaruka HPP which will have negative environmental impacts such as noise pollution, reservoir sedimentation, changes to hydrological flow, and generation of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Environmental and social audit for Ntaruka HPP showed that there are no associated facilities to the plant. The components 3 and 4 will have environmental impacts related to waste generation from used solar panel, batteries and accessories; and TA which will develop policy and regulatory including the review of tax tariff that may increase CO2 emissions due to the promoted fuel type, increasing the pressure on the forest through increasing population depending on the firewood due to the increased and unaffordable prices, loss Page ix of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) of employment for people who were working previously in the charcoal sector caused by the increment in taxation on the charcoal, unemployment from the tax increase on charcoal and decrease on the clean cooking stove due to the promotion of environmental protection through energy efficiency. All of these will be mitigated efficiently. The project is also expected to have social and cultural impacts resulting from the temporally loss of access to land or property due to the construction works within the right of way, crop destruction in the Right of Way, aesthetics and visual related impacts, damage and loss of physical cultural properties, workers health and safety related impacts due to potential construction, operations and maintenance and camp installation. The impacts are limited to the specific project areas, minimal and minor in scale and in terms of magnitude and should be adequately mitigated through the preparation of appropriate ESMPs, EHSPs and RAPs whenever required. The following laws, policies and frameworks were reviewed and discussed in the details for their relevancy to the project: The constitution of the Republic of Rwanda of 2003 revised in 2023; - Ordinary Law N° 43/2013 of 16/06/2013 Governing Land in Rwanda, Repealing - LAW N°48/2018 OF 13/08/2018 on environment - Law governing land N° 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 - National Strategy for Transformation one (2017-2024) _NST1; Law N° 66/2018 du 30/08/2018 Regulating Labour in Rwanda; and Law n° 027/2023 of 18/05/2023 amending the Law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labour in Rwanda - The Law (No. 48/2018 of 13/08/2018) on Environment determining the modalities for protecting, conserving and promoting the environment; - Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. - Law No 32/2015 of the 11/06/2015 relating to Expropriation in the public interest - World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs); - Ministerial order No2 of 17/05/2012 determining conditions for occupational and health safety; - Ministerial Order n° 02/MIFOTRA/23 of 01/08/2023 on occupational health and safety, organisations employees’ organisations and employers’ organisations, child employment, employment of a foreigner and leave - Regulations No 002 of 26/04/2018 governing e-waste management in Rwanda; - National wetland conservation program, of 2020 - RURA Guidelines for Right of Way in Rwanda of 2015; - MININFRA, Biomass energy Strategy, A sustainable path to clean cooking solution 2019-2030 - revised Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy GGCRS 2022 Page x of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - Law governing biological diversity, law N° 064/2021 of 14/10/2021 - Environment and climate change policy, 2019 Project Coordination, Implementation Arrangement and Budget The REG is responsible, inter alia, for monitoring the status of the projects activities and take action needed for safe implementation. REG has established Project Coordination Unit (PCU) in its subsidiary of EDCL to provide the leadership that will run the project in coordination with the departments within EDCL. The PCU is responsible for updated ESMF development and approval and control over its implementation and advise to EDCL and Contractor on compliance with WB Environmental and Social Standards, and national laws in the field of environmental and social protection during all project activities. The PCU will carefully analyze the project scope, their availability to the project activities and their capacity for the successful implementation of the project and its ESMF. If need be, they can suggest additional supporting staff for the project and updated ESMF implementation. The component three will be implemented by the BRD through REF Project Implementation Unit (PIU), where EDCL will be the technical counterpart, while BRD will administer and disburse the RBF funds. The total budget for the implementation of this updated ESMF is estimated at 277,500 USD. The key indicative aspects include (1) Training and capacity building for the project PCU and PIU; (2) Training and capacity building for District Environment Officers and project liaison officers, contractor staff and supervisor staff training, including the supporting staff; (3) Meetings and consultation with PAPs and local communities; (4) Personal protective equipment; (5) Preparation of ESIAs for grid extension; (6) Preparation of site specific ESMPs; (7) Implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMPs); (8) Monitoring and evaluation of ESMPs; and (9) grievance redress mechanism. More about the budget may be found in the table 21 of this updated ESMF. Monitoring and Evaluation Framework The arrangements for monitoring the updated ESMF and site specific ESIAs/ESMPs will fall under the overall responsibility of the EDCL PCU and Districts. Monthly monitoring and annual evaluations will be conducted to determine whether the monitoring and mitigation measures proposed in the ESIAs/ESMPs for the subproject components will be implemented effectively by the project implementing agencies. Capacity Building and Training Effective implementation of the updated ESMF will require capacity building of the dedicated E&S Specialists at RUEAP and hiring Energy Project liaison Officers at the district REG branches. RUEAP currently has an Environmental Specialist and a Social Specialist dedicated to World Bank projects. They have yet to receive the ESF training, however. While they are expected to be able to handle the workload of Bank projects in terms of supervision, they will need to be supported by Energy Project liaison Officers in the field. The hiring of Energy Project liaison Officers in each of the REG district branches will provide daily support and supervision of Supervising Engineers and Contractor E&S compliance. The newly recruited Energy Project liaison Officers should receive training on the ESF as well as on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) so that they are familiar with Bank policies and requirements. At present, EDCL has one OHS Specialist that looks at OHS compliance for all EDCL implemented projects in Rwanda. A dedicated OHS Specialist should be hired at EDCL/RUEAP for EAQIP who would be responsible to ensure OHS compliance and follow up with Supervising Page xi of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Engineers and Contractors, supported by the district Energy Project liaison Officers. This person would be responsible for ensuring that the commitments in the Labor Management Plan (LMP) and the OHS Plans are upheld. One key bottleneck involves the processing of compensation files by EDCL Expropriation Clerks. Compensation files are prepared by the Contractors’ independent valuers, in collaboration with district valuers, who verify compensation amounts. The files are then transferred to EDCL (under REG), which further verifies and clears the files and sends them to MINECOFIN for payment directly to the project affected persons (PAPs) bank accounts. EDCL currently has 15 Expropriation Clerks who review all files received for all EDCL-implemented projects in Rwanda. While EDCL Expropriation Clerks have strong experience with compensation, the large workload envisaged under this project could result in compensation delays based on current implementing project, at this point, the EDCL shall dedicate Expropriation Clerks assigned to only World Bank- financed projects to facilitate the process and avoid the aforementioned delay. The EAQIP will fund the training of RUEAP Environmental and Social Risk Management Specialists (ESRMS) staffs and the main objective of the training is to support the RUEAP and contractors staffs especially their ESRMS to develop capacity and in the medium term to have in- house capacity to mainstream safeguard activities with specific skills in integrating environmental and social considerations early in the design concepts such as the design of distribution and transmission lines and transformers and during surveys and project supervision. For effective implementation of the project, district/local level environmental officers will be trained and called for their full involvement in project implementation whereby supervision and monitoring of environmental risks requirements in subproject construction and operations are among the duties. It is also expected that environmental and social considerations will be considered in the contracts between EAQIP and contractors. The contract should include a clause on training requirements and other necessary support services to implement the mitigation measures. ESMF Preparation, Approach and Methodology The safeguard team has reviewed the relevant guidelines, policy, regulatory and institutional framework related to updated ESMF in the context of the Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP). These include the WB EHS guidelines and environmental and social standards; international treaties and conventions on environment; and national regulatory and institutional framework that can influence or be influenced by the implementation of EAQIP. This helps to elucidate problems that will need special attention during the implementation of this project. This updated ESMF establishes procedures and forms for individual subprojects at the stage of their implementation. Whereas REG will play the overall coordination of implementation of this updated ESMF, Contractors, Subcontractors, Stakeholders in different sectors will play a big role in its implementation. The stakeholder engagement plan was done and part of it is incorporated in this updated ESMF to show the results of Public consultation done and what they have committed to help the project. Page xii of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Disclosure and Public Consultation of updated ESMF and ESIA/ESMPs Before the implementation of the subprojects/project activities, the ESIA/ESMP for each sub- project shall be prepared to guide the subproject design, construction and operation. As required by WB ESSs under ESS 1, 5 and 10, the updated ESMF, ESIA and ESMP are to be disclosed to public stakeholders. If new information arises out of public hearings (may occur in parallel) for the ESMP to be updated, such update shall be made for contracted companies on a mandatory basis. The ESMP may be adjusted/updated by the successful contractor with due account of the contractor's equipment, technology, status of the facility, baseline conditions, etc. These updates shall be communicated to the PIU and be subject to approval from the PIU and the WB prior to the implementation. The PIU/the WB would decide whether these updates are substantial enough to trigger additional public hearings. The draft Environmental and Social Management Framework will be disseminated to different key stakeholders (Ministries, Districts and surrounding communities) for the purpose of disclosure and holding of public hearings. The public consultation for this updated ESMF was carried out in 27 administrative districts (all 14 districts to be funded by EAQIP included) within the four provinces of Rwanda and different relevant institutions from 20th January 2020 to 26th February 2020 and the result of public consultation showed that this project is urgently needed by the population but also some issues were raised concerning the delay in compensation payment. All stakeholders consulted promised to support the project as indicated in the Annex 7 of Public consultation outcomes. Page xiii of 270 I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Energy is the backbone of the development. Energy sector plays a pivotal role in supporting socio- economic transformation and has an inherently systemic link to the growth of other sectors of the economy and contribute to the abatement of environmental pollution through the reduction of firewood, generator fossil fuel and kerosene lamp usage. Energy sector act as a boost to the development of other sectors. To this effect, one of the objectives of the First National Transformation Strategy (NST1) is to scale up electricity generation and improve quality, affordability and reliability. Generation plans will be informed by medium and long-term projections and analysis of supply and demand. Long-term generation plans will include identification of least cost sources of energy generation with the objective of ensuring a cost- reflective and competitive tariff. A pro-active strategy will be developed to attract industries for economic growth and to ensure that they are supplied with available, reliable and affordable electricity. Key sectors of focus to increase demand include mining, manufacturing, ICT and commercial premises. Quality of electricity will be improved by continuing investments in network upgrading and strengthening as well as investing in loss reduction projects. Priority will be given to productive use connections such as trading centres, industrial zones, and other socio- economic facilities such as schools and health facilities. The aim of establishing the updated ESMF is to set up a mechanism in the determination and assessment of future potential environmental and social impacts of the EAQIP, and thus set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operations of the proposed investments/activities and to eliminate their adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The GoR is also further required to disclose the updated ESMF in-country as a separate and standalone document so that it is accessible by the general public, local communities, potential project affected people, local Joint Action Development Forum (JADF) and other stakeholders. The document must also be available on the World Bank external website and the date for disclosure must precede the date for project appraisal. Rwanda Development Board is responsible for the screening, review and clearance of planned investment subprojects prior to implementation. The use of this updated ESMF by REG will be the instrument through which the subprojects environmental and social impacts are identified, assessed, evaluated and have appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures, designed and incorporated within the subprojects. The World Bank assesses if the latter have been complied with its Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) requirements. Over the period of 2012 to 2018, the electricity generation increased by 72% and the access to electricity has improved but it is still substantially lower than target, the rural households with access to electricity increased from 5% to 27% over the same period. In view of above, the Government of Rwanda is designing the Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project to enhance the electricity supply, improving grid reliability and operational efficiency, advancing off-grid energy and clean cooking solutions, among others. Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) To address environmental and social issues of EAQIP, this updated ESMF has been prepared based on the GoR’s policy and legal frameworks, WB ESF and ESSs applicable to the project. In addition, social instruments (such as Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)) have been prepared to address key social issues of the project. 1.2 Study objectives The main objective of this assignment is to develop an updated environmental and social management framework (ESMF), including the collection of all required data, information and materials. This shall provide clear, comprehensive and practical guidance to REG through its subsidiary of EDCL to integrate environmental and social considerations into the project. The specific objectives of the study are to: (i) Identify all relevant potential environmental risks and social concerns that may arise as a result of the project and the subprojects that it will support; (ii) Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities of involved stakeholders in the implementation of the updated ESMF; (iii) Develop subproject review procedures as well forms, guidance and checklists to apply technical input for the subprojects; (iv) Develop a screening procedure to identify the environmental and social issues associated with the subprojects; (v) Prepare generic ESMP that can be applied to manage the identified environmental and social risks and set out the monitoring plan that will be undertaken to confirm correct ESMP delivery; (vi) Develop the Term of Reference (ToR) for appropriate ESF instruments (such as ESIAs) as appropriate and required; (vii) Review and make an assessment of the capacity of the national project implementation entities, to screen subprojects and monitor the implementation of the project ESMP; and make proposals for capacity enhancement as appropriate; (viii) Provide estimates for the budget required for project ESMP implementation; (ix) Develop a public consultation and stakeholder engagement strategy; (x) Define appropriate environmental and social standards performance indicators; and (xi) Provide practical information resources for implementing the updated ESMF 1.3 Scope of work Task 1: Preparation of an updated ESMF for Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) that ensures that enough guidance is provided to MININFRA, REG through EDCL and contractors in the selection, preparation and implementation of project activities in order to avoid or minimize environmental and social risks and negative impacts and enhance the environmental and social performance. This will be accomplished through the development and application of proper selection criteria for specific investment projects, planning that takes into account environmental and social criteria, sound, implementation and monitoring, disclosure, consultation and feedback. To achieve this objective, the environmental and social risks and impacts management will carry out the following tasks through research, interviews and fieldwork: Page 2 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) (i) Based on a detailed description of the project, its components and the design of specific activities as set-out in approved project documentation, assess the likely environmental and social risks and impacts associated with each component and potential subproject; (ii) Conduct field visits to different districts and commercial centres to assess social and environmental site conditions, practices (including level of compliance with existing social and environmental legislation and regulations) and verify potential risks and impacts; (iii)Develop and provide guidance on environmental and social criteria to be used during the identification and selection of sites or any other area of project operations where social and/or environmental risks are apparent. Also develop a negative list of activities and potential subprojects not recommendable for support, due to their poor environmental or social performance; (iv) Compile a summary of key domestic legislative, regulatory and administrative regimes, within which the project will operate, with a focus on requirements that will apply to the planning, approval and implementation of subprojects. Provide an overview of the above legislation in relation to the World Bank environmental and social standards, and make recommendations to address the gaps with respect to the project; (v) Establish a clear understanding of the institutional requirements, roles and responsibilities for adopting and implementing the updated ESMF. Importantly, this should include a thorough review of the authority and capacity of implementation entities to manage and monitor updated ESMF implementation. The updated ESMF should also consider relevant implications for management procedures, training, staffing and budgeting; (vi) Develop a screening and assessment methodology for potential subprojects, that will include environmental and social performance criteria, allow an environmental/social risk classification and the identification of appropriate ESF instruments; (vii) Develop a stakeholders’ consultation and engagement strategy that ensures the involvement of all identified stakeholders and potentially affected persons. The process should put in place mechanisms and plans for information dissemination and disclosure of project related information, as required by the World Bank, such as project environmental and social standards instruments prior and during project implementation; (viii) Develop an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the project as a whole, to be differentiated from the subproject specific plans that may be required during project implementation. Also identify all relevant potential environmental risks and social concerns that may arise as a result of the proposed project and specific subprojects. The ESMP should recommend mitigation measures for the potential negative impacts and give associated costs; and clearly indicate the institutional responsibilities for implementation and monitoring of the mitigation measures; (ix) Identify and describe the required instruments and procedures for managing and monitoring environmental risks and social concerns related to the priority subprojects, such as assessments (e.g. ESIA), management plans (e.g. ESMP, RAPs) and respective monitoring instruments. Also identify indicators (by subproject type) to measure safeguard implementation that can be used in the overall assessment of the project. (x) Outline a training and capacity building programme for the institutions responsible for implementing the updated ESMF. Page 3 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) (xi) Propose realistic and effective arrangements for REG-EDCL PIU and other project implementation entities to develop the capacity to manage environmental and social due diligence processes and activities in the project portfolio. Propose reporting lines, review and approval functions; identify the required resources and technical assistance to maintain the Client’s capacity for the Project duration and beyond; and (xii) Estimate a realistic budget to be allocated for timely implementation of the updated ESMF in the Project execution phase. Task 2: Development of specific guidelines for REG-EDCL PIU and other project implementation entities to support implementation of the updated ESMF. This to include: (i) Generic terms of reference for safeguarding instruments to be applied during project implementation (as set-out in the updated ESMF). Potential environmental and social due diligence instruments required include: ESIA (including ESMP). (ii) Simple user manual and training materials for ESMP and GRM to support implementation of the ESMF, the prepared ToRs for ESIA, ESMP are annexed to this updated ESMF. 1.4 Methodology and Approach 6.1.1.1.1.4.1 Review of updated ESMF World Bank Requirements, National and international Policy institutional and Regulatory Framework The safeguard team has reviewed the relevant guidelines, policy, regulatory and institutional framework related to updated ESMF in the context of the Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP). These include guideline and environmental and social standards from the World Bank, international goals, treaties and conventions on environment, and national regulatory and institutional framework that can influence or be influenced by the implementation of EAQIP. This helps to elucidate problems that will need special attention during the implementation of this project. 6.1.1.2.1.4.1.1. Review of National Policy institutional and Regulatory Framework related to updated ESMF At the national level, the safeguard team has reviewed relevant existing laws, policies, regulations frameworks and guidelines about environmental and social risk management, and policy, programs and projects associated with the Energy sector. This helped to prepare a summary of domestic legislative and regulatory and administrative regimes within which the project will be implemented. Following documents were reviewed: • National Strategy for Transformation one (2017-2024) NST1; • Law No 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Governing land in Rwanda repealing organic law No. No. 43/2013 of 16/06/2013 • Law N° 66/2018 du 30/08/2018 Regulating Labour in Rwanda; • The Law (No. 48/2018 of 13/08/2018) on Environment determining the modalities for protecting, conserving and promoting the environment; Page 4 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) • o Ministerial Order N 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. • Law No 32/2015 of the 11/06/2015 relating to Expropriation in the public interest 6.1.1.3.1.4.1.2. Review of World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) The safeguard team has reviewed the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) applicable to the updated ESMF for EAQIP and demonstrated how these standards will be complied with considering the local context. Ten (10) ESSs on Access to Information represent the framework of safeguard mechanisms applied by the WB for the sake of interests of beneficiaries, clients, stakeholders and that of the Bank. Applying these standards allows avoiding adverse impacts on the environment and people’s lives, minimizing and mitigating potential unfavorable environmental and social risks and impacts. These WB standards are: • Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; • Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labour and Working Condition • Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management • Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety • Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement • Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources; • Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities; • Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage • Environmental and Social Standard 9: Financial Intermediaries • Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure. There are 9 ESSs (ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, ESS4, ESS5, ESS6, ESS8, ESS 9,and ESS10) that apply to the project. 6.1.1.4.1.4.2 Field surveys The safeguard team conducted field visits (from 20th January to 27th February, 2020) to 27 administrative Districts, Ntaruka Hydropower Plant, relevant government and non-government institutions including 3 companies for Solar Home Systems and 8 commercial centres selected in consultation with the District One Stop centre office and based on the proposed districts which will be covered by this project, while the centres which were selected and visited were those ones without access to the electricity and are on the list to be covered by the project. The lists of those districts and sites visited are shown in Annex 8. Page 5 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 6.1.1.5.1.4.2.1 Approach to field data collection The safeguard team visited above said sites with target to collect information on location, status of infrastructure, and views and concerns of local people, respectively. Special attention was paid to key stakeholders (administrative district officials) and local people that may be involved or affected by the project. This exercise through established interview guide helped identifying criteria that will need special attention in the implementation of this project. The exercise also helped in identifying the capacity gaps and needs for the implementation of, and ensuring compliance with, environmental and social aspects of the project. 6.1.1.6.1.4.2.2 Content of consultations Consultations were conducted with stakeholders who were directly or indirectly related to the project to better understand the environmental and social systems in the country and the environmental and social concerns of stakeholders from 20th January to 27th February 2020. During consultation, stakeholders were asked their views and concerns about the project. This helped to identify salient issues and concerns that affect different stakeholders and reach agreement on the understanding of these issues and grievances. The ESRM team ensured a favourable environment free of coercion and intimidation, gender inclusive and inclusive to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. At local level consultations were held with district officials (Mayor or Vice-Mayor in charge of Economic development, Director of one stop centre or Land administration/valuation officer, District Environmental Officer, District Electricity Maintenance Engineer, Executive secretaries of the sectors, sector land managers and local people). The consultations at Central level conducted with the public, academic or researchers and private institutions. The consultation outcome highlighted trade-offs, impacts/risks and social issues and bottlenecks associated with the implementation of this project, as well as the proposed mitigation measures. Moreover, the study outcomes will be disclosed after approval of the competent officials at Nation and World Bank level. 6.1.1.7.1.4.3 Link between the World Bank ESF and National Regulation on Environmental and Social Management Guidelines and data collected during field visit This project is in line within the framework of Rwanda’s National Strategy for Transformation one that aims to achieve universal electrification, among others. The study analyses the World Bank Environmental and Social Standards and National Regulation on Environmental and Social Management Guidelines to have idea on which the environmental and social assessment is needed to categorise project related environmental and social risks and impacts (high, substantial, moderate or low). Page 6 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 6.1.1.8.1.4.4 Methodological compatibility matrix according specific objectives Table 1: Compatibility matrix according to specific objectives Objective Methods and Techniques Expected results Identify all relevant potential Field visits, observation, mapping, pictures, - Potential environmental impacts identified environmental risks and social interviews with key stakeholders, review of - Potential social impacts identified concerns that may arise as a result of World Bank and National Environmental - Compatibility and Conflicts of the project and social and the project and the subprojects that it and Social Standards documents, updated natural environment identified. will support ESMF reports and World Bank Group - When GoR’s regulations differ from the levels and Environmental, Health, and Safety measures presented in the WB EHS Guidelines, the Guidelines (EHSGs) project/EAQIP will be required to achieve whichever is more stringent. - Specify appropriate roles and Review of relevant national documents on Identification and analysis of Role and responsibilities of responsibilities of involved policy, law, institutional and regulatory government organisations in the implementation of updated stakeholders in the implementation of framework governing updated ESMF/ESIA; ESMF the updated ESMF Interviews with key stakeholders Identification and analysis of PIU capacity, Administrative Districts, and organisation arrangement to implement updated ESMF Develop subproject review procedures Develop a guidance document for Guidance document for procedures, forms, checklists for as well forms, guidance and checklists procedures, forms, checklists to apply subprojects. to apply technical input for the technical input for the subprojects subprojects Develop a screening procedure to Review of World bank and national Screening criteria for environmental and social impacts of identify the environmental and social guidelines and procedures for screening the subprojects. Screening criteria include trading centres without issues associated with the subprojects projects to not/undergo Environment electricity connections, environmental baseline conditions of assessment. these commercial centres and other populated areas without power supply and the social economic environment within Page 7 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Objective Methods and Techniques Expected results these administrative districts. Subprojects are classified in high, substantial, moderate or low risk. Prepare an ESMP that can be applied Prepare the ESMP in compliance or ESMP with potential social and environmental positive and to manage the identified conformity with World Bank and Rwanda negative impacts and their enhancement measures environmental and social risks and set social and environment ESMP requirements. out the monitoring plan that will be undertaken to confirm correct ESMP delivery Develop the ToR for appropriate ESF Prepare the ToR, with consideration of ToR for appropriate ESF instruments instruments (such as ESIAs) as World Bank ESF and Rwanda social and appropriate and required environment safeguard instruments Review and make an assessment of the Review and assessment of capacity, gaps Organizational and institutional framework for implementing capacity of the national project and capacity need for the national project ESMP implementation entities, to screen implementation entities (REG EDCL PIU Role and responsibility of organisations subprojects and monitor the and identified Administrative Districts) to Key staff to implement ESMP implementation of the project ESMP; screen subprojects and monitor the Gaps and capacity needs and make proposals for capacity implementation of the project ESMP. The enhancement as appropriate assessment will be done through consultation with key staff in those entities Provide estimates for the budget Costing of activities required for the Estimation of ESMP budget required for project ESMP implementation of ESMP. The costing will implementation cover cost associated with rehabilitation of environmental and social damages and staff allowance to monitor the ESMP implementation Page 8 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Objective Methods and Techniques Expected results Define appropriate environmental and Propose a set of indicators to monitor the A set of SMART Indicators to monitor the environmental and social standards performance environmental and social standards social standards performance indicators performance. Those indicators should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound). Provide practical information Provide practical information resources for Guidelines for training and capacity building resources for implementing the implementing the updated ESMF Guideline for preparing site specific environmental updated ESMF Management and rapid Environmental assessment checklists Page 9 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) is a large energy sector investment financing project to support the Government of Rwanda’s energy access objectives during the period of the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1; 2017- 2024). Project would have a total volume of an estimated US$ 288 million. The total IDA investment would be US$150 million and US$ 10 million grant from Clean Cooking Trust Fund (CFF) , spread across four components of i) increasing grid electrification, ii) enhancing the efficiency of electricity service, iii) increasing access to off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions, and iv) technical assistance, institutional capacity building and implementation support.. The project will also receive the funds from other development partners where AFD loan of EUR 80 million and the OPEC Fund for International Development and the Saudi Fund for Development with US$ 40 million investment financing. The grid-related and technical assistance components will be implemented by the Electricity Access Rollout Program (RUEAP) Project Coordination Unit (PCU) in Energy Development Corporation Limited (EDCL), which has demonstrated its effectiveness under the Electricity Access Scale-up and Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) Development Project (EASSDP) project (IDA16). The off-grid and clean cooking components will be implemented by the Renewable Energy Fund (REF) a PIU in the Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD) which will administer and disburse the funds while EDCL will be the technical counterpart for the same component. WBG & AFD (joint co-financing) will fund in Gicumbi, Musanze, Rulindo, Burera of Northern province and Ngororero, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Karongi, Rusizi, Rutsiro, Nyamasheke districts of Western province. SFD and OFID (under parallel co-financing) will fund in Gakenke (District of Northern Province) Muhanga and Kamonyi Districts of Southern province. All 14 Districts composing the three provinces of Rwanda namely South, North and Western provinces will be covered by this project to meet the NST1 targets by 2024. Page 10 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Figure 1: Proposed map indicating the allocation of every Development Partner (DP) 2.1. Project components The following are the key components of the project proposed to be financed by EAQIP. However, the IDA19 is spread within the all four components while other potential supporting development partners include OFID, SFD, and AFD. Component 1: Increasing access to grid electricity Rwanda’s ambition, outlined in the NST1, is to achieve a grid access rate of 52% by 2024; and to meet this ambition, the ESSP projects a financing need of US$ 590 million (to connect all households and productive use connections) between 2019/20 and 2023/24. It is against this background that REG has targeted an annual connection rate of 200,000 between 2020 and 2024 (including households and enterprises). It is estimated that the average unit connection cost, including backbone infrastructure, is around US$603-US$758, projecting an annual financing need ranging between US$120 million - US$150 million. This component will provide continued support to Rwanda’s electricity access program, the RUEAP. The component provides financing towards grid connections of new consumers, including financing of grid extensions and consumer connections. Page 11 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Electrification investments under the NST1 are being guided by a state-of-the-art geospatial National Electrification Plan (NEP) prepared in 2019, which lays out the areas to be electrified by the grid by 2024 and those where off-grid solutions will step in before the grid arrives. During 2017 – 2018, the GoR developed a NEP, which defines a combination of extension and densification of the national grid and deployment of off-grid solutions throughout the country to expand electricity access while optimizing the costs of access expansion (Figure 2). The NEP takes into account the country’s unique geography, high population density, and existing grid coverage, and uses geospatial electrification planning algorithms to find cost‐efficient ways of expanding electricity access. Considering the 2024 target of 52 percent on-grid and 48 percent off‐grid access as an input, the NEP defines a combination of extension of the national grid and deployment of off‐grid solutions throughout the country that represents the least‐cost option to supply forecasted demand for the 2018‐2024 period. Page 12 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Figure 2 Rwanda National Electrification Plan (NEP) Output Source: REG The IDA allocation of US$90 million for this component is expected to connect about 125,000 households and 5,800 enterprises in selected districts of northern Rwanda, namely Gicumbi, Musanze, Rulindo, Burera, Ngororero, Nyabihu, Rubavu (see Figure 7). The AFD is complementing the World Bank allocation to this component by joint co-financing of EUR 78 million for electrification of about 105,000 households and 11,500 enterprises. Further, the OPEC Fund and the SFD are providing US$40 million in parallel co-financing to this component, for connection of about 63,000 households and 3,000 enterprises in western Rwanda. With the availability of funds, EDCL has demonstrated implementation capacity to implement the required annual number of connections targeted. Component 1 of the project will be implemented by EDCL as part of RUEAP. Under RUEAP, EDCL has progressively increased implementation capacity for grid rollout and last mile connections over the past decade. The RUEAP has increased the grid access rate from about six percent in 2009 to 39 percent in 2020. RUEAP connected 61,047 households and 300 productive users to the grid during FY 2014/15; 66,908 households and 545 productive users during FY 2015/16; 107,613 households and 272 productive users during FY 2016/17; 140,356 households and 557 productive users during FY 2017/18; and 146,337 households and 471 productive users during FY 2018/19. Pending Page 13 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) available funding to deliver NST1 electrification targets, RUEAP has the capacity to deliver the estimated 200,000 grid connections annually required to deliver the NST1 targets. The implementation approach for component 1 will follow the guidelines in the NEP, and the procurement and implementation methods that have delivered success in the past decades. The NEP outlines a combination of grid extension and densification based on geospatial electrification planning that accounts for the country’s unique geography and high population density; maximizing the benefits of electrification, while minimizing the electrification project costs. In combination with the implementation approach laid out in the NEP, RUEAP will use a combination of EPC contractors and local contractors to speed up the connection rate. Procurement packages will include several internationally procured EPC packages to implement backbone infrastructure. Goods packages for line construction materials for installation of connections will also be procured internationally, while labor contracts will be locally procured to implement the last mile connections. EDCL plans to adopt good labor practice, such as setting female workforce quota for procurement packages and project staff to increase female participation in the project. A connection policy, introduced in 2017, which allows for household connections without an advance payment, will contribute to increase in the annual grid connection rates. The grid electricity connection policy was revised in 2017 to remove the upfront payment of connection fees, which was a barrier to expanding access. Consumers in Rwanda can now get connected to grid electricity without payment of upfront connection fees, which is deducted from payments for purchase of units of electricity. The RUEAP has been able to accelerate the electrification rate after revision of the connection policy. Page 14 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component 2: Enhancing the Efficiency of Electricity Service Sub-Component 2a: Rehabilitation of Ntaruka Hydro Station (HPP) This sub-component proposes to improve, in a low-cost manner, to the efficiency of the power system through the rehabilitation of low-cost renewable energy generation capacity, which is an important part of the NST1 and ESSP. The first priority of the ESSP is “Support continued economic development and growth in household electricity access through least-cost expansion of electricity generation capacity”, with one of the targets under this priority being security of supply1. The Ntaruka HPP, located in Kinoni sector, Burera District, Northern Province at 25km from Musanze town towards Cyanika, at the border with Uganda, has been in operation since 1959. The Plant has an installed capacity of 11.25MW but is currently only capable of operating at a capacity of 9MW and generates on average 22 GWh annually. Based on its age and current performance, it has been found necessary to rehabilitate the power plant to restore the plant capacity to its installed capacity and upgrade the control systems and other electro-mechanical equipment. After rehabilitation, the Ntaruka HPP is expected to generate 27.65 GWh in average hydrological conditions and produce peak power up to 12.3 MW. Rehabilitation of the Ntaruka HPP gives the utility the opportunity to enhance the stability and security of renewable energy supply while using a source of energy with a very low variable cost. With the aim to assess different rehabilitation alternatives, the Energy Access and Quality improvement Project received additional funding (400,000 $) to support the conduct of a feasibility study (including an ESIA) to explore the possibility of adding a pumped storage functionality to the plant. This will be applied to ensure availability of low-cost renewable energy generation capacity in Rwanda. The outcomes of the feasibility study will determine if the project will implement the older option above described or if it will adopt the pumped storage functionality. The main rehabilitation works proposed include: concrete surface treatment (civil works); sandblasting and paintings of trash racks and intake gates, procuring and installing a new gantry crane, installing new guide vanes for the inlet valve (hydraulic steel structures); replacing the shafts of the 3 turbines, repair of spiral casings and runners from cavitation, replacing the 3 generators, sandblasting and paintings of draft tubes (electro-mechanical works); replacing the fire fighting and excitation systems, carrying out heavy maintenance to the 3 step-up transformers and replacing the switchgears (electrical works). 1ESSP 2018/19-2023/24: “The HLTOs presented in this ESSP represent the key indicators to be measured. These cover vital sector issues such as generation capacity, access, efficiency and security of supply”. Page 15 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Sub-Component 2b: Investments to Improve Stability and Reliability of the Power System Although investments in new infrastructure and upgrade of existing infrastructure have enhanced system reliability and efficiency, there is still considerable scope for improvement. Projects such as the World Bank funded RESSP have contributed to reducing the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) from 44 hours in 2017 to 26 hours in 2018-19, and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) from 265 in 2017 to 49 in 2018-19. While these improvements are substantial, the reliability of electricity supply is not yet at levels that underpin a robust industrial growth. Similarly, at 19%, the transmission and distribution losses of the power sector in Rwanda still illustrate poor operational efficiency and are also a direct source of lost revenues through unbilled electricity. Poor quality of electricity services hinders economic growth as well as undermines consumer confidence in the utility, making application of cost- reflective tariff rates difficult and, in effect, harming financial sustainability of the power sector. Improving the quality and reliability of electricity services and reducing transmission and distribution losses are also imperative to help reap the benefits of expanding electricity connections. In addition, Rwanda is also looking into operation of cross-border transmission lines, to prepare for energy trading and interconnected operations. A study conducted on electricity interconnectivity in the East African Power Pool (EAPP) countries identified gaps in each country that would pose a risk to destabilization of internal country grids and gave recommendations for the different countries to help them prepare the countries for interconnection. The main gaps identified for Rwanda included the risk of voltage fluctuations due to low loading on high voltage networks, and transient stability. Rwanda is currently operating its high voltage transmission network as a standalone in-country network. Owing to the light loads on the transmission lines, especially during off-peak conditions, there is inadequate reactive capability to control high voltages. Additionally, the power system has limited reactive capability to maintain adequate voltages during peak conditions and are hence exposed to voltage collapses due to single and multiple contingencies. The power system presently has no static or dynamic reactive capability to control high voltages during off-peak conditions and low voltages during single and multiple contingencies. In the meantime, Rwanda is also preparing the electricity grid network for regional power trade. This includes plans to commission the ongoing 220kV transmission lines within the region, starting during 2020 with the Uganda-Rwanda interconnector, connecting the Mirama substation in Uganda to the Shango substation in Rwanda. Adding this long 140km, 220kV line to the Rwanda network will add 24MVAr of capacitive reactive capacity which will further exacerbate high voltages during off-peak conditions. It is important, especially in the context of integration to other networks, that system responses to demand fluctuations are well managed. Beyond the risk of routine voltage fluctuations, the expansion of the transmission network of Rwanda and the interconnection with the EAPP are Page 16 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) expected to add to signal oscillations due to more exposure to demand and supply fluctuations. The network will have to be strengthened to be able to maintain stability under these fluctuations. The investments through Component 2(b) of the project have been designed to address the two most critical risks to interconnectivity identified, namely voltage fluctuations and transient stability. The sub-component will fund the following: (a) The project funded the Design, Supply and installation of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) for 220Kv & Rwabusoro substations in order to provide reactive power generation hence manage Voltage fluctuations in the transmission systems. This specification is for the supply, installation and commissioning of one -40/+20 M VAR static VAR Compensator (SVC) at 220/30 Shango substation and one -25/+15 M VAR at 220/30Kv Rwabusoro substation, including the affiliated components including relevant civil and electromechanical works. Installation of static voltage compensators (SVC’s) at Shango 220kV substation and Shango 220kV substation to reduce overvoltage created by low loading on the transmission lines. The SVC’s will regulate steady-state voltage to maintain a flat voltage profile within +/- 5% of nominal 220kV voltage; control high voltage within limits during night time and weekend off- peak periods; dampen voltage oscillations during high transfer of power and during contingencies; reduce power system harmonics due to rapidly changing industrial loads; and inject capacitive capacity rapidly during system contingencies and increase power transfer capability by minimizing real time losses (b) Nyabarongo I HPP will be upgraded through this project. Since the commissioning of the power plant, the governing system showed an unpredicted and stranger response on grid load fluctuation that caused machines to trip from time to time. Later, during operation the power plant had had issues on different components; mainly control and excitation systems as well on instrumentation devices at both powerhouse and dam. The works will include also modernizing different systems and plant parts at Nyabarongo I Hydro power plant with below elements: • Undertake a survey of existing installations including main equipment and auxiliaries. • Undertake the survey for the electrical installation to establish the status and connection schemes. • Review of historical operational records of the power plant • Design, construct, deliver, install, and commission systems that meet the client expectations on power plant operation.( Blackstart capability, AGC, PSS) • Supply all miscellaneous items required for completion of the installation. • Re-termination of all equipment and cables from existing and new cubicles and ensure the new system can communicate and operate safely with other components of the power station that will not be changed. • Partial and individual testing of installed systems • Full testing and re-commissioning of the power plant. Page 17 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) • Provide operators and engineers with on-site training to allow them to operate and maintain the system independently and in a safe manner Sub-Component 2c: Improvements in the Operational Performance of EUCL Through past and ongoing projects (including RESSP), REG has been focusing on improving operational performance of EUCL on several fronts. RESSP components supporting operational performance include installation of an Integrated Business Management System (IBMS) and implementation of a revenue protection program (RPP). The IBMS funded under the RESSP included: (i) enterprise resource planning to support management of corporate resources, (ii) commercial management system for all commercial functions (iii) incidents recording and management system for management and resolution of outages and other incidents in electricity supply to EUCL’s customers; and (iv) a geographic information system to build-up and keep permanently updated reliable customers and network assets databases. The RPP funded under RESSP included installation of 3,000 smart meters to medium-large customers of EUCL, and operationalization of a control system. This sub-component of EAQIP proposes continuation of the agenda of continued improvement of operational performance. The project proposes to continue with the RPP program started under RESSP and extend the smart meter program to the distribution network as detailed below. (a) EDCL will use this sub-component to complete installation of smart meters for all of EUCL’s large consumers (second phase of RPP) and subset of medium size consumers to connect to smart meters (the sub-set will be determined during implementation). The total expected number of smart meters to be installed is 4,000. This will increase the range of customers whose consumption is systematically monitored, and whose meters can be monitored in real time. This program has helped EUCL to immediately detect bypass or other attempts to tamper metering premises and enable remote reading for billing and other purposes. (b) EDCL will also start a program of installation of smart meters on all network distribution transformers. This will put the utility in a position to detect in real time where losses are taking place, which will in turn assist the utility with proper energy accounting and quantification of losses. The utility will also be in a better position to make technical decisions to deal with high loss areas or transformers with high load imbalances. (c) In order to improve utility cash flow, and better monitor consumer behavior, EDCL will also conduct installation of high current smart prepayment meters, both for MV and LV consumers, to gradually shift identified post-paid customers to prepayment. (d) Because EDCL and EUCL have embarked on a program that brought in a very large number of meters, there is a need to develop the local capacity of the utility to continuously Page 18 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) check the performance of the meters installed on the network, in addition to checking the quality of meters supplied. The sub-component will contribute to this need by financing purchase and installation of test benches for both pre-paid and post-paid meters. (e) Finally, in order to facilitate interfacing of the GIS database with the power system simulation tools, the EDCL will conduct installation of a comprehensive electricity transmission and distribution network Geographical Information System (GIS) for building connectivity model (Geometric Network) for all REG infrastructure with smart process. Page 19 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component 3: Increasing Access to Off-Grid Electricity and Clean Cooking Solutions Sub-Component 3a: Increasing Off-Grid Electricity Access The NEP foresees a major role for off-grid electrification—reaching 48 percent of the population by 2024—as transitory solution before the grid arrives. The grid is eventually expected to cover almost the entire population of Rwanda, however, expansion of the grid in the medium term is constrained by high capital cost due to the country’s hilly terrain. Off-grid solutions, with their lifetime of 5-8 years, are meant to ensure that households are not deprived from electricity service during the transition period towards full grid electrification. For the same reason, large scale deployment of mini-grids is not considered to be a viable medium-to long-term electrification option, given their longer investment horizon (as compared to solar home systems) and higher per unit cost of electricity (as compared to the eventual provision of grid-electricity). The result of the NEP is a map that marks distinct areas for grid and off-grid electrification, underpinned by geospatial planning (see Figure 6 above). The current off-grid access rate of 14% falls far short of the Government’s target for 48% off - grid access by 2024, despite a favourable policy and regulatory framework. The Government has identified the districts that by 2024 are meant to be served with off-grid electrification solutions. About two dozen private companies are active in Rwanda and the GoR has made concessional debt financing available under the Rwanda Renewable Energy Fund (REF) (P160699). However, while the pace of grid electrification has increased, off-grid access expansion has slowed down despite the GoR providing debt financing through the Renewable Energy Fund (REF) project (P160699), tax exemptions, the preparation of the NEP, and the adoption of quality standards for solar products. The off-grid market slowed down from about 100,000 solar home systems sold in 2016/17 to 86,000 in FY2018, and 83,000 in FY2019, largely due to affordability constraints (see below). Lack of affordability of Tier 1+ off-grid solar systems has emerged as a key challenge for the scale and speed of distribution off-grid technologies in the country. The market for high income households is saturated and increased competition for innovative business models is necessary to serve households with affordability constraints and/or irregular income. Of all the solar lighting products sold in 2018, 8 percent were sold to Ubudehe 1, 41 percent to Ubudehe 2 and 51 percent to Ubudehe 3. As the off-grid market in the country is saturated for higher income households, OSCs started to expand to riskier customers (with lower or irregular income), which led to an increase in their default rate (between 5 and 25 percent). This challenge is not unique to Rwanda but has being experienced by OSCs across SSA as business models are yet to have fully adapted to servicing lower income households, with limited affordability through either cash-based or instalment payments. Page 20 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) To address the affordability constraint, the Government of Rwanda has adopted a framework for providing partial grants through Results Based Financing (RBF) to make solar home systems more affordable to lower income consumers and is currently implementing a pilot. To accelerate the off-grid electrification market again to the 250,000 or so new connections per year needed to achieve the NST1 target, the government has decided to provide partial grants to Ubudehe 1-3 households to increase the affordability of off-grid solar products. The RBF concept was prepared by the Ministry of Infrastructure, the Rwanda Energy Group (REG) / the Energy Development Corporation Limited (EDCL), and development partners, and approved by the Sector Working Group (SWG) in November 2019. A pilot RBF (the ‘pro-poor pilot’) by Energising Development (EnDev) in collaboration with EDCL and co-financed by Power Africa was launched in November 2019, with a focus on districts in the South of the country and has served as proof-of-concept for the national RBF mechanism that is approved by the Cabinet (see below for details). In line with the Cabinet-approved RBF mechanism, Sub-Component 3a of EAQIP will provide US$ 15 million of financing to make access to off-grid electricity affordable at all income levels and connect at least 150,000 households. These grants will be provided through a newly created results-based financing (RBF) window of the Renewable Energy Fund (REF) administered by BRD. EAQIP will provide US$ 15 million of financing to the RBF window, bringing the total financing resources allocated by the Government to this window to US$ 30 million. This is reflective of the large expected financing needs of the sector over the period through 2024. The results-based financing will allow sales to household and enterprise consumers. Due to the cap on the maximum subsidy amount per customer, it is expected that most beneficiaries will be households and microenterprises. The Sub-Component will build on the experience of an ongoing US$2 million pro-poor RBF pilot supported by EnDev and financed by Power Africa and UK Department for International Development (DFID). The EnDev pilot focuses on five districts in the South of Rwanda, commenced in November 2019, and will run until March 2021, with five off-grid SHS companies as current participants and two more expected to join the scheme. Participating companies receive an incentive for every solar home system sold to an eligible household without electricity access in off-grid areas in the districts of Nyamagabe, Nyanza, Gisagara, Huye, and Ruhango. The EnDev RBF is jointly implemented by EnDev Rwanda, EDCL, and Urwego Bank, who all play a role in company selection, verification, and disbursement processes. EnDev Rwanda is building institutional capacity within EDCL to take over the program in full. In line with best practices, the results-based grants will be provided to off-grid solar companies with the expectation that competitive pressure will induce these companies to pass on the grants to end-consumers and make their products more affordable. The pilot RBF currently delivers the Page 21 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) total subsidy to participating companies as soon as installation has been verified. While this delivery mechanism has encouraged quick connections, the disbursement arrangement makes it difficult for the project to ensure that (1) customers pay their contribution and (2) that after sales care is provided for the full life of the warranty. To address these concerns, the new RBF mechanism financed by EAQIP will disburse the subsidy to the companies over time, in line with the customer’s contribution. This will ensure that companies focus on helping beneficiaries to complete their contribution by offering excellent customer service and competitive pricing. The RBF mechanism will be designed to ensure that the grant is passed on from the off-grid solar companies to consumers. Companies will be able to easily calculate their expected subsidy payments and integrate it into the payment scheme they offer to customers. To ensure that the grants are passed on to target consumers, BRD will track the cost to the end-user in two ways. The first is through the application and review process. All applicants will need to share their current pricing as well as their planned pricing scheme under the RBF. The second is through the monitoring of the project. In the event a company is not reducing pricing to reflect the subsidy level, the company could be removed from the program. Grant levels and price coverage estimates will be regularly reviewed to reflect the market changes to ensure sustainability of the program. In case of return or repossession of the system, grant support will not be provided or revoked. To avoid market distortions, beneficiaries will be required to contribute to the cost of solar kits. This will ensure ownership of the system and adequate customer rights and duties. Experience in SSA countries also showcases that access to the first off-grid technology is a pre-requisite for experiencing and understanding the benefits to access to electricity, increasing willingness to pay (realized e.g. through pooling of resources among the community) and for climbing the energy ladder over time. Public support to Ubudehe households is also well established and acknowledged in the country, and access to off-grid solutions will leverage on existing communication channels to avoid any perception of discrimination. Off-grid solar companies’ sales will be verified before RBF payments are made. Verification requirements would for example include proof of installment, typically in the form of the contract service entered with the beneficiary, including main attributes such as name, address etc., as detailed in the Operations Manual. After sale services verification will likely be conducted based on the warranty period associated to the system (2 years as specified in the Ministerial Guidelines). Verification will be done by EDCL, supported by an external service provider as needed, through a statistically relevant sample, as done under the EnDEV pilot. Together with ensuring adequate tracking and verification of the RBF mechanism, EDCL’s verification will allow the GoR to keep track of the overall progress and potential implementation issues within the broader the GoR funded RBF scheme, as well as ensure timely verification given the capacity of the agency. Should a company fail to provide the information requested or Page 22 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) misreport this information, an escalation process will be initiated, which may ultimately result in expulsion from the program. In line with the EnDev pilot, the results-based grants will likely be differentiated by Ubudehe category to reflect customer affordability levels. Verification of the beneficiaries’ Ubudehe level will leverage on the eligibility tool Off-grid Monitoring Information System (OMIS) developed by EnDev for MININFRA and REG (for the EnDev RBF program), as well as the Local Administrative Entities Development Agency (LODA) Monitoring & Evaluation Information System (MEIS), which provides information on national IDs, households and Ubudehe categories. Linking the OMIS, the LODA MEIS and the eligibility tool will ensure that the demographic data required will be as up to date as possible, sales across the sector are being track accurately and monitoring is streamlined. The EAQIP allocation is expected to be topped up by other development partners to close the remaining financing gap for the achievement of the 48 percent-off grid access target. The Renewable Energy Fund was designed to be the Government of Rwanda’s flagship fund to accelerate off-grid electrification, and has requested development partners to complement the World Bank’s financing to meet the full expected financing needs of the RBF window, which is estimated at around US$ 90-150 million during 2020-24 to reach 1,500,000 households. In response, several partners have indicated interest in providing parallel co-financing to this component. The Energy Development Corporation Limited (EDCL) has developed an Environmental Code of Practice (ECOP) for energy projects to address the risks associated with improper battery disposal. This instrument provides an approach for the collection, transportation, storage, and disposal of used batteries to prevent or mitigate risks to the environment and human health. Additionally, the ECOP supports the Government of Rwanda (GoR) in establishing a safe disposal strategy for batteries and other e-waste. annex 17 Sub-Component 3b: Increasing Access to Clean Cooking Solution MININFRA recently approved an ambitious new Biomass Energy Strategy (2019-2030) and an amendment to its NDC, with targets of reducing the percentage of households that use firewood for cooking from the baseline value of 79.9% in 2017 to 42% by 2024, and phasing-out the use of charcoal in urban areas. The clean cooking agenda has been recently moved to MININFRA and REG/EDCL have the mandate to implement it. The Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) is tasked with certifications and setting standards for cooking products and a testing lab is currently under development. In October 2019, MININFRA published the Biomass Energy Strategy: A Sustainable Path to Clean Cooking 2019-2030. In May 2020, the Government updated its Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreements which includes promoting the use of efficient cook stoves as a mitigation measure since cooking accounts for 14% of the GHG emissions from the energy sector. Page 23 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Implementation of the Biomass Energy Strategy will require substantial grant resources made available to the sector to address the affordability and awareness gaps as well as the unproven nature of many new technological solutions in Rwanda. The Strategy estimates investment requirements of US$240-590 million (2018-2024) and US$200-365 million (20254-2030) to meet the targets. Besides the proposed EAQIP project, there are several development partners with plans to support various aspects of the Strategy such as Giz/EnDev, SNV, EU, Enabel, the Tony Blair Institute, Loughbough University, Clean Cooking Alliance, Global LPG Partnership and African Development Bank. An EU-funded program to be implemented by GiZ/Endev aims to increase the use of improved stoves through strengthening the value chains from production to usage. Development partners can also play a role in capacity building, facilitating an exchange of knowledge, support in developing standards, quality assurance and testing procedures that suit the local conditions. Cash expenditure on cooking fuels remains rare in Rwanda outside the richest 10 percent of households as 97 percent of households use either firewood or charcoal, which means that the market for clean cooking solutions will require partial subsidies to become commercially viable. Nationwide, households rely on firewood to meet their cooking needs (more than 90% in Quintile 1, 2 and 3), this is especially true for low income households in the bottom two consumption quintiles. Even higher income households rely on firewood (85% in Quintile 4 and 45% in Quintile 5) but also use charcoal (14% in Quintile 4 and about 50% in Quintile 5) as their primary fuel. Only households in the highest quintile use LPG or electricity for cooking. Component 3b will set up a clean cooking RBF window to partially subsidize purchases of clean and efficient cooking solutions by eligible households. The design and implementation structure of the clean cooking RBF window will be aligned with Component 3a. The key principles and features of the cooking RBF window are outlined below. More detailed information is provided in Annex 5. The clean cooking RBF window will initially support Tier 2+ solutions, with the objective to gradually increase the minimum performance level requirements as affordable Tier 3+ solutions become widely available. The cooking RBF window will use both International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Voluntary Performance Targets (VPTs) (ISO/TR 19867-3:2018) and MTF for cooking as the key reference documents for determining eligible cooking technologies but will also be flexible to incorporate Rwanda’s specific cooking culture and practice. Based on the MTF survey, about 70% of households rely on three-stone (equivalent to tier 0) or traditional stoves (equivalent to tier 1) for cooking. To enable a practical transition toward improved and modern cooking solutions, the cooking RBF window will support technologies that meet at least Tier 2 performance level during the initial phase while providing technical assistance to local producers to improve their products performance level, and will lift the minimum requirement to tier 3 performance level once sufficiently affordable Tier 3+ cooking technologies and products are available to meet the project targets. Page 24 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) The RBF window will support both urban and rural households. In urban areas, the focus of the clean cooking RBF will be to reduce and eventually phase out charcoal as a cooking fuel and replace it with Tier 3+ clean cooking solutions. In rural areas, the focus will be on reducing the reliance on firewood as a cooking fuel, by gradually introducing more efficient (Tier 2+) and clean cooking (Tier 3+) solutions. The two focus areas will contribute to the objectives of (i) phasing out charcoal use in urban areas; and (ii) reducing the reliance on firewood. The performance of eligible cooking technologies will need to be demonstrated through laboratory testing and/or field-based data. PIU will make public announcement on a rolling basis to invite stoves manufacturers and cookstove makers to submit their applications and products for eligibility review. Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) is currently setting up a Stove Testing Laboratory which will be responsible for conducting stove testing and evaluation and issue recommendation whether the cooking technologies are qualified under the cooking RBF window. Technical assistance will be provided to RSB to build its cookstove testing and evaluation capacity and improve the national cookstove standards. RBF incentives amount will be linked to the verified output, outcome, and impact level results; differentiated by cooking technology performance levels and consumer income categories (Ubudehe categories); and reviewed and adjusted periodically. The RBF incentives levels and triggers will be reviewed periodically and adjusted in response to the market conditions. In doing so, the project will take an adaptive and flexible approach to periodically review market conditions, actively seek feedbacks from key stakeholders, and adjust accordingly. The project will continue to coordinate and collaborate with key stakeholders such as EU, GIZ/EnDev, SNV, Enabel, the Tony Blair Institute, Loughbough University, Clean Cooking Alliance, Global LPG Partnership, and African Development Bank as well as World Bank’s energy, environment, climate, health, social protection, behaviour change groups to align the efforts of on-going and potential projects in the cooking sector. Component 3b will be co-financed by the Clean Cooking Fund (CCF) of the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). The Clean Cooking Fund is set up to accelerate progress toward universal access to clean cooking by 2030. The Fund will incentivize public and private investments in the clean cooking sector to catalyse technology and business innovations and linking incentives with verified results, also known as results-based financing (RBF). The Fund provides grant resources to co-finance with the World Bank Group or other Multilateral Development Banks investment projects and requires at least 1:1 leverage. The Fund is also expected to have at least 1:1 leverage for private-sector investments. The Fund grant resources will be used both for component 3b and component 4 to support clean cooking TA activities. Page 25 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component 3c. The piloting for Increasing access to clean cooking for public Institutions (US$ 3 million IDA from Government of Denmark (GoD). This subcomponent will help public institutions to switch to modern cooking technologies such as LPG, electric and solar cooking solutions. It will primarily target public schools but will also open to other public institutions as appropriate. As school Feeding has been an integral part of the Government’s strategy to address children’s hunger during the school day, to support Rwanda’s human capital creation, and to expand access to educational opportunities to disadvantaged children, particularly learners from low-income families, this subcomponent is in line with the government’s policy to phase out biomass-based cooking solutions in public institutions. To implement school feeding policy, the GoR has scaled up the School Feeding Program from pre-primary up to secondary schools, equipped schools with kitchens and cooking stoves, and provided a subsidy for each student’s meal to complement parents’ contributions. Although EAQIP and its additional financing had provided finance for clean cooking initiatives, there still remains a significant financing gap on this front. This project will help narrow this gap and contribute to mitigating carbon emissions and deforestation. This subcomponent will be implemented by EDCL Under Component 4 (see below), technical assistance and training will be provided to local producers to improve the local product design and quality production. Innovation grants will be available (through a competitive process) to encourage innovative technological, business, and financing approaches with focus on meeting the poor households’ cooking need and encouraging female entrepreneurs in the cooking sector. Awareness raising and behaviour change campaign will be conducted to stimulate demand and support sustainable adoption. The OM will also detail the processes for RBF grant revoke and reimbursement in case of non-performance. Component 4: Technical Assistance, Institutional Capacity Building and Implementation Support This component will support project implementation, capacity building, technical assistance, impact evaluation studies and advisory services. Recognizing that the PCU resources may be constrained by the large volume of activities required of the project, the project will support additional staff in EDCL, staff in the PCU, supervision consultants to assist in effective and efficient project delivery, and sector consultants to continue to support sector management and coordination. This sub-component will therefore directly support payment of supervision consultants to help EDCL in project oversight; key functions within the PCU and EDCL departments that are hired to support the implementation of the project; and the sector working group secretariat to support project implementation and sector management and coordination. The sub-component will also support technical assistance where required. These will include sector studies aimed at improving the efficiency of sector performance, impact evaluation studies to help the sector make appropriate decisions during and after project/program implementation, Page 26 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) feasibility studies, and policy and advisory notes required to inform sector decisions. The sub- component will support an impact evaluation to assess the economic and non-economic benefits of electrification and clean cooking sectors. The technical assistance will also cover gender- specific activities, such as monitoring of the gender inclusion in the modern energy and clean cooking access components, identify and analyse further gender gaps in the sector to provide tailored and targeted measures to close the gaps, providing gender mainstreaming trainings to the project staff, and conducting awareness-raising, behavioral change and entrepreneurship events to attract female participation in the project. In addition, the sub-component will support capacity building across the electricity sector agencies. This is to ensure the sector continues to develop appropriate capacity for supervision of implementation of energy sector programs and efficient utilization of energy sector investments. Areas of possible capacity building areas include in the areas of energy sector planning, technical skills development, audit, compliance and gender. Support an enabling environment for the cooking sector development. This sub-component will build institutional capacity and support an enabling environment for the cooking sector development. More specifically, the sub-component will support a) Awareness raising and behavior change campaign. The project will work with health practitioners, women’s groups, and educators on the issue of household air pollution and clean cooking options. Gender targeted messages will be developed, and influential champions (e.g. clean cooking ambassadors) will be identified. Mass media and social media as well as other more innovative marketing approaches will be used to raise awareness and demand for improved and modern cooking solutions. b) Market facilitation and policy/regulation review and improvement. The sub- component will hire a market facilitator to reach out to the interested and promising cooking companies on the opportunities and provide targeted training to the cooking companies participated in the RBF operation on business development to help them to be more successful. The project will also provide technical assistance to review the related policies and regulations and identify areas for improvement. c) Stove testing and product development. Technical assistance and capacity building will be provided to (i) the stove testing lab to increase its stove testing and evaluation capacity, (ii) the local producers to improve their product design and quality production with special focus to incorporate women needs as users, (iii) RSB to improve the testing protocol and the national standard to incorporate the local cooking culture and practice. Page 27 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) d) Monitoring and verification for the RBF operation. This sub-component will cover the costs related to monitoring and verification at the output level, outcome, and impact level results. e) Innovations. This sub-component will provide innovation subgrant through a competitive process to support innovative technological, business, financing approaches and will give preferential support to female entrepreneurs. f) Appraisal of cooking companies loan proposals and development of cooking companies lending products. This sub-component will support BRD to engage promising cooking companies and appraise loan proposals as well as develop targeted lending products that fit the clean cooking businesses. In particular, as BRD administrates the RBF fund, it may use future RBF payments to support its loan appraisal. g) Management and operating costs. This sub-component will cover the management and operating costs for both EDCL and BRDRETF grant from Clean Cooking Fund. This sub-component will receive additional funds that will facilitate the implementation of the new sub-component 3c. Market development and technical assistance for the clean cooking sector. Page 28 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 2: Details of Components and Donor Requirements Area / Investment need Details Estimate (US$) 1. Increasing Access to Grid Electricity Grid access Grid connections for households, commercial and 90,000,000 industrial consumers, and public institutions. WBG Districts: Gicumbi, Musanze, Rulindo, Burera, Ngororero, Nyabihu, Rubavu AFD Districts: Karongi, Rusizi, Rutsiro, Nyamasheke 85,432,639 OPEC Fund and SFD Districts: Gakenke, Muhanga, 40,000,000 Kamonyi Subtotal: US$ 215,432,639 2. Enhancing the Efficiency of Electricity Service Rehabilitation of the Ensure availability of low-cost renewable energy Ntaruka HPP generation capacity in Rwanda, through the rehabilitation of the Ntaruka HPP. 11 400 000 Installation of AVR on To reduce voltage rises due to low loading on 220kV; 8,500,000 220kV, Installation of Improve network responses to fluctuations and load loss; power system stabilizers prepare EAPP regional interconnection. and governing systems on main generators Building of GiS system Building of Rwanda’s power system GiS. 6,000,000 Completing installation of Identify and curb sources of commercial/technical losses 4,500,000 smart metering for all and phase imbalances. distribution transformers and medium/large customers Subtotal: US$ USD 30 400 000 Page 29 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Area / Investment need Details Estimate (US$) 3. Increasing Access to Off-grid Electricity and Clean Cooking Solutions Results-based financing Results-based financing for (a) off-grid solar for off-grid solar and connections to reach poorer and more remote areas and cooking solutions. (b) clean cooking solutions, with business models and 25,000,000 + financing instruments yet to be determined. 7,000,000 +(10,500,000+0,3 RETF grant from Clean Matching grant for RBF and TA for clean cooking 00,000 additional Cooking Fund funds ) Increasing clean The selected schools will be assisted to improve 3,000,000 cooking solutions for their cooking technology schools (this is new sub-component that will be implemented under additional funds from GoD) Subtotal: US$ 45 800 000 4. Technical Assistance, Institutional Capacity Building and Implementation Support Technical Assistance Address sector performance improvements; forward- 2,000,000 looking options for sector development including clean cooking. Capacity building Planning, Skills development, Audit and Compliance (+ 1,000,000 others to be identified). Implementation Support Support EDCL PCU functions (staff); Support the SWG 2,000,000 + secretariat staff. EUR 2,000,000 RETF grant from Clean Market development and technical assistance for the 3,000,000 + Cooking Fund clean cooking sector 500,000 (additional funds) Page 30 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Area / Investment need Details Estimate (US$) Subtotal: US$ 10,190,100 Total: US$ 302 822 739 Figure 3: Project Structure and Implementation Arrangements Legend: Program-specific reporting lines (temporary) PROGRAM STEERING COMMITTEE Program Oversight BRD (chaired by PS MININFRA/MINECOFIN, incl. REG and DPs) (Component 3) EDCL’s general reporting lines (permanent) EDCL Program Oversight (Components 1, 2, 4) MD EDCL Safeguards EDCL Technical Departments Senior Safeguards staff supporting Specialist1 the PCU Electricity Access Rollout Generation & Transmission Primary & Social Energy Program (EARP) Department Department Department Manages day-to-day implementation Manages day-to-day implementation Manages day-to-day implementation Program Project Coordinator of access sub-projects of G&T sub-projects of clean cooking and off-grid Manager1 WB + Co-Financiers1 Department Head Department Head Department Head Project Coordinator AfDB + Co-Financiers1 Project Technical & Project Technical & Project Technical & Managers2 Safeguards Spec.2 Managers2 Safeguards Spec.2 Managers2 Safeguards Spec.2 Project Coordinator Korean Exim Bank1 Senior Procurement Assigned Project Managers (and relevant Specialist1 technical and safeguards support staff) report to Procurement Management Department3 Project Coordinators in the PCU during project Supports procurement processes across sub-projects Senior Contract implementation, but also maintain reporting Management Specialist1 line to their department manager Administration and Finance Department3 Supports financial management across sub-projects Senior Financial Assigned staff in EDCL’s fiduciary departments will support the PCU during implementation of various sub-projects Transaction and Legal Department 3 Management Specialist1 Supports contract management across sub-projects Additional external hires PCU fiduciary staff have dotted reporting line to relevant Planning Department 3 and internal staff ‘loaned’ department managers Supports infrastructure planning across sub-projects Program for specific periods2 1 Staff that will be externally recruited Coordination Unit EDCL Fiduciary Departments 2 Staff that will be recruited for existing EDCL departments during implementation 3 Fiduciary departments will be reinforced to meet program requirements (e.g., accountants) Page 31 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) III. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT This section describes the overall baseline conditions of Rwanda in terms of social and biophysical environment because the project will be implemented in different districts composing four provinces of Rwanda namely East, West, North and East the focus will be on construction of distribution network. 3.1. Location and Size Rwanda is a small mountainous landlocked country, located in Central Africa, at latitude 2. 00 S and longitude 30. 00 E, bordered to its South by Burundi, Tanzania to its East, Uganda to its North and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to its West. Rwanda has a total surface area of 26, 338 km2 of which the total land area is 24, 948 km2 and 1, 390 sq. km is surface water. Rwanda is often referred to as the country of a “thousand hills” (mille collines), because of its numerous highly dissected hills, often with flat peaks and convex slopes mainly in Northern and Western part, separated by relatively narrow valleys, with the lowest altitude of around 900 m at Bugarama and the highest altitude at Mount Karisimbi 4,507 m. The average altitude is 1,250m above sea level. Rwanda can be divided into six topographical regions which are: - From North-West to South -West are the narrow Congo Nile Ridge, which slopes sharply to Lake Kivu. - The Volcanic Virunga Mountains, whose highest peak, Mount Karisimbi, towers over the high North-Western lava plains. - The steep North-South rise of the Congo – Nile Basins divide, whose width averages 25 km. - The ridge of the Congo – Nile Basins divide, with an average elevation of 2750 m above sea level. - The central plateau East of the mountains, which are covered by rolling hills. - The savannas and swamps of the Eastern and South Eastern border areas which cover one tenth of the nation’s land area and include the Akagera National Park. - Most of Rwanda is at least 900m above sea level; the central plains have an average elevation of 1932m, while South-Eastern Rwanda has a desert like terrain. Page 32 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 3.2. Physical Environment 6.1.1.9.3.2.1. Climate Rwanda enjoys a tropical temperate climate due to its high altitude. The average annual temperature ranges between 16°C and 20°C, without significant variations. Rainfall is abundant although it has some irregularities. Winds are generally around 1‐3 m/s. In the high regions of the Congo‐Nile ridge, average temperatures range between 15 and 17°C and the rainfall is abundant. The volcanic region has much lower temperatures that can go below 0°C in some places. In areas with intermediary altitude, average temperatures vary between 19 and 21°C and the average rainfall is around 1000 mm /year. Rainfall is less irregular, and sometimes causes periods of drought. In the lowlands (East and Southeast), temperatures are higher, and the extreme can go beyond 30°C in February and July‐ August. The absolute temperature of 32.8°C was recorded in the Southeast by Karama‐Plateau station on the 4th of September 1980. Thermic constraints are more considerable there than in the remaining part of the country. Rainfall is less abundant in that region (700 to 970 mm/year). Weather in Rwandan is determined by the rainfall patterns. Thus, the climate of the country is characterized by an alternation of four seasons of which two are wet and the other two are dry. However, one can notice that rainfall is generally well distributed throughout the year, despite some irregularities. Eastern and South‐Eastern regions (Umutara, Kibungo, Bugesera, Mayaga) are more affected by prolonged droughts while the northern and western regions (Musanze, Rubavu, Nyamagabe and Gicumbi) experience abundant rainfall that usually causes erosion, flooding, and landslides. The quantity of total annual rainfall varies between 800mm in the North-East of Rwanda (Eastern Umutara) and 1600 mm in the natural forest of Nyungwe and in the high lands of the North-West (Kinigi). The decrease in rainfall is observed in the region of Bugesera (900 mm) and in the Western part of Rubavu district (1200 mm). The increase of rainfall is observed in some regions like Kibungo (Gahororo, 1200 mm); in the South-West (Mibirizi, 1450 mm) and in the natural forest of Gishwati (1350 mm). The region that is characterized by the highest rainfalls (over the average isohyets of 1200 mm) is in the western half of the country, from Byumba to Kibeho and from Kinigi to Mibirizi including the region bordering Lake Kivu. Page 33 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Figure 4 Annual average rainfall distribution 6.1.1.10. 3.2.2. Relief The Rwandan relief is hilly and mountainous with an altitude varying between 900 m and 4507 m. The components of that relief are: Congo‐Nil Ridge over laying Lake Kivu with an altitude between 2500 m and 3000 m. It is dominated in the North-West by the volcanic ranges consisting of five volcanic massifs of which the highest is Karisimbi with 4507 m. The central plateau presents a relief of hills with an altitude ranging between 1500 m and 2000 m. The lowlands of the East are dominated by a depression characterized by hills with more or less round top and 1000 to 1500 m in altitude. The lowlands of the South‐West in Bugarama plain with an altitude of 900 m are part of the tectonic depression of the African Rift Valley. 6.1.1.11. 3.2.3 Catchment and Hydrology Page 34 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Rwanda has a relatively big quantity of water: rivers, lakes and marshes and occupy a surface area of 211000 ha or about 8% of the national territory (lakes: 128000 ha, rivers: 7260 ha and marshes: 77000 ha). Figure 5: Rwanda Relief and climate 6.1.1.12. 3.2.4 Surface water Rwanda has a dense hydrographical network of ± 2 km/km² (length of the superficial flow network by km² of surface). The country is divided into two hydrographical basins with a separating line called Congo-Nile Ridge, moving from the North to the South and ± perpendicular to the volcanic chain, making natural obstacles exchange between the catchment’s basins of the Northern Kivu and the Southwest of Uganda and those of Rwanda. Page 35 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) In the West of that line there is the Congolese basin (33% of the surface of the national territory) that drains 10% of water resources of the country. It comprises rivers Sebeya, Koko, Rusizi, Rubyiro, as affluent of Lake Kivu (around 1000 Km2 on the Rwandan side, 490 m of maximum depth), Ruhwa and many other small rivers (around 127 rivers). In the East of the Congo Nile Ridge there is the Nile basin which covers 67% of the National territory and drains 90% of Rwandan waters by two main rivers namely Nyabarongo and Akagera. The latter is the main affluent of Lake Victoria with an average outflow of 256 m3 /s at Rusumo station and thus considered as the source of the Nile. The basin of the Nile in Rwanda comprises a lot of small lakes (Burera, Ruhondo, Cyohoha South, Mugesera, Muhazi, Rwampanga, Mihindi, Mirayi and many others). Those lakes are not very deep (5 to 7 m of depth) except for Lake Burera and Ruhondo which are 65 to 173 m deep. 6.1.1.13. 3.2.5 Groundwater The outflow of the ground renewable water resource is estimated at 66 m³/s. Out of this, the 22,000 known sources contribute an output of 9 m³/s. In general, little information is available on ground water resources. 6.1.1.14. 3.2.6 Lakes Rwanda has some 28 lakes of significant size. Six among the largest are entirely within the national territory: Ruhondo, Muhazi, Mugesera, Ihema, Rwanyakizinga and Burera. Three others, Rweru, Cyohoha and Kivu, are shared with neighboring countries. The largest and most spectacular is Lake Kivu, so large as to seem almost like a sea to the landlocked inhabitants. Lake Kivu lies at 1, 460m above sea level and is 90 km long (north-south) and 49 km wide (eastwest). From an average depth of 240 m, it plunges to a maximum depth of 490 m. Lake kivu has a rough, jagged coast and contains numerous islands, including Nkombo and Iwawa. Lake Kivu lies on the border with Congo in Western Rwanda at the foot of the Virunga Volcanoes. Kivu’s shores are densely populated and the principal town on the Rwandan side is Rubavu. Although it is supplied with fish, the lake is poor in fauna but rich in volcanic substance. Great volumes of dissolved methane gases ((~60 km3 STP) that may be developed as energy sources exist in its deep waters. Lake Kivu drains to the south into Lake Tanganyika by the swiftly descending Ruzizi River. 6.1.1.15. 3.2.7 Quality of water In Rwanda the quality of water is generally good with a pH ranging between 6 and 7.5. Surface water often carries sediments and in mining and volcanic regions, the water can contain arsenic, lead, mercury, fluoride, iodide and other toxic metalloids and heavy metals. The physio-chemical pollution of water is not frequent due to the small level of industrialization and use of agricultural chemical inputs. The microbiological pollution is often observed, and it comes from various domestic wastes Page 36 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) and debris carried by rainwater towards the natural environment. The pollution of water courses and lakes by the water hyacinth and other harmful aquatic plants is a phenomenon that is very recent and alarming in Rwanda. Figure 6: Surface water 6.1.1.16. 3.2.8 Wetlands Wetlands cover a total area of 164,000 ha or about 6% of the territory. The wetlands include a variety of ecosystems, ranging from large, permanently flooded swampy peatlands to smaller, seasonally flooded wetlands with a more mineral soil. The main swamps are Akanyaru (30,000 ha) on the border with Burundi, Mugesera Rugwero in the southeast, Kagera swamps along the Tanzania border in the east, Nyabarongo (10,000 ha) and the Rugezi wetlands (5,000 ha) in the north. The wetlands serve as troughs for sediment particles and play an important role in the national water balances by acting as a buffer, thus reducing the maximal flow rates during the rainy season, and maintaining a relatively high flow rate during the dry season. Currently, an estimated 94,000 ha have been brought under agriculture, the large majority of this being spontaneous agriculture with maize, sweet potatoes and beans. In addition, the wetlands are Page 37 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) used for a variety of traditional activities including the collection of leaves to make handicrafts, extensive grazing and making of bricks. Wetlands also provide a spawning habitat for fish and are of great significance for biodiversity conservation. The wetlands are composed of marshes, lakes, rivers and brooks representing around 14.9% of the national territory of which 6.3% consist of marshes and 8.6% of lakes, water courses and pools of permanent or seasonal fresh water. In the highlands of the North-West, there are: lakes Burera and Ruhondo as well as the marshes of Rugezi. In the Central and the East of the country, wide marshes are those of Nyabarongo, Akanyaru and Akagera rivers. Many cuvette lakes connect with rivers and most of them are located in the Akagera National Park. From the Southeast to the North-West, there are lakes like Cyohoha in the South, Mugesera, Rweru, Sake, Cyambwe, Ihema, Milindi, Rwanyakizinga, Kivumba, etc. Given the importance that the Government of Rwanda attaches to wetlands, in 2003 Rwanda ratified the Ramsar Convention or convention on wetlands and has already registered on the Ramsar list the site of Rugezi and identified other potential sites that will be registered in the future, like the complex of Mugesera-Rweru, Kamiranzuvu marshes and the wet zones of the Akagera National Park. In addition, an action plan for the implementation of the Ramsar Convention was developed in June 2004. The wetlands ensure several functions and provide numerous services to people. For instance, they ensure control of floods and the recharge of underground waters. They play the role of alleviating the erosive force of water and thus facilitate the deposit of sediments in suspension that could block water courses downstream. Page 38 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 3.3 Geology and soils 6.1.1.17. 3.3.1 Soils According to the Geological Map of Rwanda, the regional geology consists of pelitic rocks and Quartz Phyllites (Cyurugeyu Superformation), Granites to Granite-Gneisses, Quarzites and Mica- Schists, Amphibolites and Mylonites (Huye Complex) as well as Quartz-Phyllites and Meta- Volcanics (Nyungwe Formation). The greater part of the geological structure is occupied by such lithological varieties of Rocks. Rwanda shows well developed drainage pattern that belongs to dendritic and trellis types. Metamorphic rocks form the major part of the rock mass and some magmatic rocks are also present. Major rock types observed in the area are granitic gneiss, quartzite, schists and amphibolites. The dominant soils are the result of alteration of the granite and the gneiss. Disruption of drainage due to tectonic movements of the Pleistocene caused the formation of alluvial valleys. They consist of alluvium and colluvium in the basin as result of the erosion. They have generally colluvial and alluvial in the valleys around the rivers. The soils of the top of the mountains are products of granite and gneiss and have resisted erosion. Soils derived from schistose, sandstone and quartzite formations found in the Congo-Nile Ridge and Soils derived from old volcanic materials found in the plateau of the south west of the country. Over the EAQIP subproject area, most of the valley slopes extending from riverbanks to the top of the ridges are cleared for cultivation of various crops of a seasonal nature. As a result, soil cover is well exposed for potential erosion. A few patches of new forest plantations of eucalyptus and pines can also be seen on the valley slopes. 6.1.1.18. 3.3.2 Use of soils The exploitation of land employs around 70% of the active population. Land resources are thus limited and coveted resulting in overexploitation and inappropriate use of lands with disastrous consequences on land resources and on environment in general. In mountainous area, steep slope lands are deforested and used for staple crops under high rainfall precipitation, with often accelerated land degradation through water erosion, poorer soil fertility, increased floods and landslides, and overall, food insecurity and poverty. Appropriate land uses combined with soil and water conservation measures then become a must; in some sites, active erosion mainly caused landslide hazards which increase sediments in rivers. Other than that, erosion has also formed gully bodies through the slopes of mountainous area. Land use activities including infrastructure development may increase the potential of occurrence of landslides and erosion in various ways, which include destabilization of rock masses by cuts in slopes, improper stockpiling of materials, destruction of vegetative cover during site clearing and uncontrolled surface run-off during storms may increase the erosion rate. Riverbanks are composed of alluvial and proluvial loose-fragmental soils. Thus, the activities may increase erosion and landslides rates at various points along the banks of rivers and in some lateral ravines. Page 39 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Intensive cultivation occurs along the steep slopes predominant in the area without proper soil conservation techniques hence accelerating soil erosion. However, it is worth mentioning that terracing as a measure for soil erosion control is practiced in some parts of the project area. Extensive deforestation to meet energy demands has further reduced the soils ‘ability to withstand the scouring effects of rain in the upland watersheds has had serious downstream implications. When viewed against that background, therefore, it is easy to appreciate that the project would have negligible incremental impact on the rates and overall patterns of erosion. Nevertheless, erosion is of relevance to slope stability, which is in turn relevant to the design of the project and the conduct of operations such as excavation and borrowing. The specific measures will be taken to address these considerations. 6.1.1.19. 3.3.3 Highland soils The highland soils are particularly prone to erosion and landslides especially regions of the Congo‐ Nile ridge, valleys and lowlands (peat lands) as well as highland meadows. Soils of foothills of the Congo‐Nile Ridge and of other transition regions between the central plateau and highlands are fertile but, due to deforestation and inappropriate agricultural practices, they are vulnerable to erosion. 6.1.1.20. 3.3.4 Soils of the central plateau The central plateau covers the regions of South and South-East. The soil types are hill Ferro soils and valley histosoils. The slopes of hills are exposed to erosion notably in the case of clay‐sandy or gravely soils. 6.1.1.21. 3.3.5 Soils of the lowlands They cover the Eastern and South‐eastern regions and are Ferro soils with savannah vegetation. Similar to the region of Bugesera, the river‐lake complex along Nyabarongo and Akanyaru rivers underwent serious leaching. In addition, the geological structure of soils in those regions allows rain waters to infiltrate deeply into soils, and that can partly explain the lack of runoff waters and shallow brooks. 6.1.1.22. 3.3.6 Soils of valleys These are soils of histosoil and peat soil types that constitute potential agricultural and energy wealth (case of intermountain basins of Kamiranzovu and Rugezi). In the wide water surfaces of eastern regions like Umutara and Bugesera, as well as the Rusizi region (Bugarama), the valleys are of vertisoil and alluvial types are fertile. The slope slight as they may be, are threatened by erosion due to the weak permeability of soils. The exploitation of peat for fuel production purposes would require a preliminary development plan for swampy areas. In fact, any extraction of peat is associated with drainage and exudation, two factors likely to impact negatively on the crucial role of wet ecosystems and swamps in regulating the hydrology. Moreover, the exploitation of mines and quarries spoils the Page 40 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) landscape and more often constitutes a source of soil erosion, water pollution and pose a danger to human health. A good number of queries are not rehabilitated and always left open. 6.1.1.23. 3.3.7 Biological Environment Rwanda is covered with diverse ecosystems that include mountains, ombrophile forests, gallery forests, savannahs, wet and aquatic zones, wood and agro ecosystems. All these ecosystems have a rich flora and fauna. 6.1.1.24. 3.3.8 Protected areas The fauna and the flora can be better preserved and protected thanks to the establishment of a system made of protected areas like national parks and forest reserves to which the best management is applied. However, through time and due to human activities, these conservation areas have been reduced considerably. 3.4. Forests Rwanda’s remaining natural forests, the Nyungwe Forest, the Gishwati Forest and the Mukara Forest, are highland forests around the volcanoes, have a high degree of biological diversity and rare animal species, such as mountain gorillas, Ruwenzori colobus monkeys and golden chimpanzees. It is estimated that there are 2150 plant species to be found in Rwanda, with around 700 species of these acknowledged to have medicinal value. Towards the east of the country lies the Akagera National Park, the Mutara game reserve forests galleries and wooded savannahs. Population pressures have already drastically reduced the land area of the natural forests of Rwanda from about 30% to presently fewer than 10% in less than a century. The deforestation of Rwanda’s remaining forests is also the result of high fuel wood consumption. Heavily populated and cultivated areas adjacent to the natural forest, as well as the recent wars, have resulted in massive deforestation and loss of genetic diversity within Rwanda’s natural forest. Clearance for farming and pastureland has also contributed to the reduction in forest cover, as well as harvesting for fuel wood and timber for housing and small-scale mining. Production of export crops is also a factor in forest destruction: half the forests around the volcanoes in the North were cleared for pyrethrum plantations in the 1960’s, and areas around the Nyungwe in southern and western province were cleared for tea plantations. Preliminary estimates indicate that the protected areas and forest reserves were seriously damaged as a result of recent wars. From an estimated pre- 1994 total surface area of 417,000 ha, it is thought that they have been reduced to approximately 226,000 ha. Specifically, the Akagera National Park was reduced to less than one-third of its original size when the Umutara prefecture was created in 1996 for the resettlement of returning refugees. The Gishwati Forest has all but disappeared (from a pre-war estimate of 37,000 ha, only about 2,000 ha now remain. Page 41 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 6.1.1.25. 3.4.1. National Parks/Forest Reserves at a Glance Rwanda has four national parks. They are all protected wildlife reserves and ecosystems and include the Akagera National Park, Nyungwe National Park, Gishwati-Mukura National Park and the Volcanoes National Park. Gishwati-Mukura was created in 2015 and is hence the youngest national park created. The Rwanda Development Board (RDB) is responsible for the overall management of all the national parks, related infrastructure and promoting tourism. The RDB is assisted by other government agencies and ministries. In some cases, like that of the Akagera and Gishwati-Mukura National Park, the government entered into long term agreements with private partners to help run some park activities. These areas are exclusively reserved for the protection of flora and fauna, eco-tourism, biodiversity conservation, and for geological formations of scientific and aesthetic value. The geographical distribution of those parks on the national territory is a guarantee of the conservation of biological diversity representative of the fauna and flora of the country. 6.1.1.26. 3.4.2. Volcanoes National Park Spanning on a 160 Km2 area in the Northern part of Rwanda, Volcanoes national park is the oldest national park in Africa, created in 1925. It was initially a small area around Karisimbi, Mikeno and Visoke volcanoes which was gazetted to protect the Mountain gorillas which were facing the threat of extinction as a result of poaching. In 1929, the park was extended into Rwanda and the then Belgian Congo and was named Albert national park managed and run by the Belgian Colonial Authorities. During early 1960s, the park was divided as Rwanda and Congo gained their independence and by the end of that decade, the park was almost half of its original size (340 Km2 to 160 Km2. Volcanoes National Park is home to Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei); golden monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis kandti), Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta), buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), elephants, black-fronted duiker (Cephalophus niger), and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). The park also harbors 178 bird species including at least 29 endemics to Rwenzori mountains and the Virungas. The Volcano National Park -VNP also host 245 species of plants of which 17 are predominant, including 13 orchids internationally protected, 115 species of mammals, 27 species of reptiles and amphibians and 33 species of arthropods. Some of these species are endemic while others are internationally protected. Nyungwe National Park Located in the South West corner of Rwanda, Nyungwe National Park is an untouched natural rainforest that is filled with exciting biodiversity. Nyungwe National Park was established in 2004 and covers an area of approximately 1000 km² of rainforest, bamboo, grassland, swamps, and bogs. The nearest town is Rusizi, 54 km to the west. Mount Bigugu is located within the park borders. Nyungwe is surely one of the world’s most beautiful and pristine mountain rainforests. It’s believed to be one of Africa’s oldest forests, staying green even through the Ice Age, which explains its diversity. The Nyungwe forest has a wide diversity of animal species, making it a priority for conservation in Africa. The forest is situated in a region in which several large-scale Page 42 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) biogeographical zones meet and the variety of terrestrial biomes provides a great span of microhabitats for many different species of plants and animals. The park contains 13 different primate species (25% of Africa's total) with habituated chimpanzees and 12 other primates species (including a 400-strong troop of habituated Ruwenzori Black & White Colobus), 85 mammal species, 275 species of birds of which 26 are endemic in the Albertin Rift and 3 are on the red list of the IUCN (Bradypterus graueri, Crypto spiza shelleyi and Apdis argentea), 32 amphibian and 38 reptile species and 1068 plant species of which 140 species of orchids, 260 species of ligneous and herbaceous plants, 24 species of trees. Many of these animals are restricted-range species that are only found in the Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion in Africa. In fact, the number of endemic species found here is greater than in any other forest in the Albertine Rift Mountains that has been surveyed. The forest, which reaches its maximum altitude of 3000 metres above sea level, is of particular interest for the presence of colonies of chimpanzees (Pantroglodytes - Blumenbach, 1775) and Angola colobus (Colobus angolensis - Sclater 1860). 6.1.1.27. 3.4.3. Akagera National Park The savannah in the North Eastern Rwanda is used as the Akagera National Park; it covers 900km² situated between 1300-1825 m of altitude. This park was created in 1934 to protect animals in three ecoregions: savannah, mountain and swamp. Conserving biodiversity in this ecosystem has been challenging due to increasing pressures, potential loss of habitat and species or lack of up-to date data, etc. This park has a set of compounds that define its high importancy, the Akagera major components are: Forest fringed lakes, papyrus swamps, savannah plains and rolling highlands. Akagera has exceptional levels of biodiversity, partly due to its position at the confluence of different vegetation zones. The extensive systems of freshwater lakes and associated papyrus swamps form the largest protected wetland in central Africa. Its biodiversity has a double origin; both native and introduced species make the Akagera fauna and flora diversity. The wildlife in the Akagera National Park comprises 90 species of mammals of which 47 species of big mammals, 530 bird species, 35 fish species, 9 species of amphibians and 23 species of reptiles. Four animal species are protected by the CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species) namely Loxodonta Africana, Sincerus caffer, Panthera leo and Tragelaphus oryx. The flora of the Akagera National Park is diverse and 6 species of orchids are recorded. The ANP is dominated by the grass savannah and different species of acacia trees; the most found in the forest savannah. Introduced 'Masai' giraffe, black rhino, elephant, buffalo, zebra and duikers are major herbivorous of the Akagera National Park. Whereas for the large predators only leopard (Panthera pardus) and hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) can still be found in the park. Although lion once occurred throughout Akagera, the population has been wiped out mostly through poisonings by cattle herders seeking to protect their livestock. A reduction in the prey-base due to heavy poaching would also have contributed to their demise. Smaller predators are still well represented with healthy populations of Page 43 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) several mongoose species, viverrid species, serval (Leptailurus serval) and side-striped jackal (Canis adustus). 6.1.1.28. 3.4.4. Gishwati-Mukura National Park Presently, Gishwati-Mukura forest reserve is known for a wide range of fauna, including four species of primates: the eastern chimpanzee, the golden monkey, the blue monkey, and the l’hoest’s monkey (also known as mountain monkey); more than a dozen species of East African chimpanzees; mammals such as red river hog, the black-fronted duiker, the southern tree hyrax, among others. Conservationists have also reported seeing the black and white colobus, another species of primates. The forest reserve also boasts about 60 species of trees, including indigenous hardwoods and bamboo. Gishwati and Mukura natural forests were originally earmarked as forest conservation zones in 1933. According to the draft law of October 15, 2014, the Gishwati-Mukura National Park will cover a total surface area of 3,427.46 hectares with Gishwati forest (1,439.72 hectares) and Mukura forest (1,987.74 hectares). The government has also dedicated an area covering 992.48 hectares to a subsequent buffer zone to deter human encroachment. Over the past decades, the Gishwati-Mukura area was nearly depleted largely due to resettlement, livestock farming and smallholder farms in the aftermath of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. Relic forests and gallery forests The Gishwati forest that covered 21.000 ha before 1981, consisted of only 600 ha in 2002. The natural forest of Mukura that stretches on 3.000 ha in 1960 covered only 800 ha in 2002. Regarding tree species and altitude, it is similar to that of Gishwati (2000~3000 m). Relict forests and savannahs in the East are located around the Akagera Park and have a variety of endemic and rare species whose majority is used in traditional medicine. Gallery forests accommodate an important biodiversity with endemic and rare species. That is for instance the case of the Blighia unijugata, Grewia forbese, Rhus vulgaris, Pterygota mildbraedii and Ficus sp. In general, for a period of about 40 years, the surface area of the natural forests of Rwanda underwent a decrease of about 65% between 1960 and 2002. The search for arable lands, extensive farming, illegal felling of forests for firewood, production of wood for charcoal and poles for building in urban areas, as well as a land mismanagement have drastically contributed to the reduction of the surface area of forests. Figure 7: Forests in the project area Page 44 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 3.5. Biodiversity of wetlands The ecosystems of the Rwandan wetlands inhabit a rich biological diversity in terms of vegetation and animal species (more than 104 plant species have been identified), except for Lake Kivu, Bulera and Ruhondo that have some liminologic problems. The Lake Kivu contains a very poor aquatic flora and the density of the phytoplankton is relatively low due to the lack of mixture of layers with a biozone limited at 60 m to 70 m (the nutrients are found at the bottom of the lake). The ichthyologic fauna is also poor with 31 fish species due the volcanic origin of the lake. Most lakes of the Akagera National Park are very rich in biodiversity with phytoplankton, fish species and ornithological fauna. The flora is dominated by the Cyperus, Phragmithes, Phinix, etc. The Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) is present and has started spreading covering more important surfaces of the lakes, thus posing a threat to their biological diversity. Some lakes like Cyambwe, Rwampanga and Rweru are particularly rich in hippopotamuses and crocodiles. One can also find many other lakes such as Nasho, lakes of Gisaka and Bugesera that contains phytoplankton that is very rich in biodiversity and flora that is mainly dominated by papyrus with Cyperus papyrus mixed with Miscandium violaceum and Nymphea nouchallii. All these lakes are associated with gallery forests onshore or on small islands. Concerning the Northern lakes (Bulera and Ruhondo), the aquatic flora and fauna are poor due to the physico‐chemical situation unfavourable to their development and the isolation of the two lakes. The concentration of the plankton is less important in Lake Bulera than in Ruhondo. They have 48 species grouped in 4 families (chlorophyceous, Cyanophyceous, pyraphytes and bacillariophyceous). Lake Muhazi is land locked, isolated, and its ichthyologic fauna is very limited. One can find three endemic species and other nine introduced from outside. The lake is very rich in phytoplankton. Page 45 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) The macroflora of the marshes is mostly composed of wide spaces of papyrus with some zones of Miscanthidium. The low layer is covered with Cyclosorus stratus. The fauna of big rivers and associated marshes comprises ungulates, carnivores, primates, rodents, lagomorphous, insectivorous and birds. 6.1.1.29. 3.5.1 Biodiversity in agricultural systems Demographic pressure and intensive agricultural practices in combination with diversified agropastoral practices; deforestation, bush fires and urbanization have disrupted the ecosystem functions. These changes caused secondary formation consisting essentially of graminaceous plants, numerous seasonal or perennial species alternating with crops. Agricultural arable land presently covers around 52% of the total surface area of the country and is permanently cultivated (RNRA 2012). The time between two growing seasons is the only period of respite. These areas have various crops that play an essential role in the national economy. These crops are usually grouped in two categories: subsistence and cash crops. Some of the food crops include; sorghum, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), eleusine (Eleusine corocana), Colocases (Colocasia antignorum), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum sp), barley (Hordeum vulgare), peas (Pisumsativum), soja bean (Soja hispada), peanut (Arachis hypogea), sweet potato (Ipomea durcis), potato, cassava (manihot esculanta) and banana (Musa). The importance of each crop varies according to regions. Some crops, like bananas, potatoes, different varieties of wheat, sorghums and beans are subject to high commercial trade. Potatoes, beans, cassava and bananas are present everywhere for the daily diet of the people. The cash crops are very few. They are limited to coffee, tea and pyrethrum. 3.6. Pastoral zones In Rwanda, the essential part of animal husbandry is limited to the family and a small number of animals per household. As agriculture occupies the biggest portion of land, the cows graze in paddock, some parts of marginal lands and limited pasturelands mainly Gishwati national reserve and Umutara. This obliges farmers to adopt the semi‐permanent farming and grow fodder crops such as Tripsacum laxum, Setaria spp, Desmodeum spp, Pennisetum purpureum, Mucuna pruriensis, Cajanus cajan, Calliandra calothyrsis, Leucaena diverifolia, Sesbania sesban, etc. However, we can notice the development of ranching in Umutara and Gishwati. Other pastoral land is very limited and distributed all over the country. These areas are prone to bush fires, trampling and sometimes overgrazing. The latter is the main cause of reduction of the biological diversity as it exterminates the most precious species along with pyrophyle species with small bromatologic value such as Eragrostis spp, Sporobalus spp and Digitaria spp. 3.7. Woodlands Tree planting in Rwanda was limited to some plants around households such as Ficus thoningii, Euphorbia tirucalli, Erythrina abyssinica, Vernonia amygdalena, Dracaena afromontana, etc., but the cultivation of woody perennials for timber, energy generation or other services was not part of the Page 46 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) customs. That resulted in a massive exploitation that quickly proved its limits. The first forest plantations were created in 1920 and 1948 and only consisted of Eucalyptus. Later on, other species were introduced. These were namely Pinus spp, Callistris spp, Grevillea robusta, Cedrella spp, Cupressus. The Arboretum of Ruhande (RAB Station) has 206 species among which 146 feuillus, 56 resinous and a species of bamboo. Those species proved to be dangerous for the biological patrimony because they used to drain and acidify places that are already acid, what caused the reduction or even the extermination of the undergrowth. Thus, planting those species would lead to erosion. The covered surface area was estimated at 256,300 hectares in 1998. Despite efforts of diversifying tree species, we estimate that 99% of trees consisted of Eucalyptus spp. 3.8. Socio-economic and environment 6.1.1.30. 3.8.1. Population and demographic characteristics 6.1.1.31. 3.8.1.1. Gender distribution of the population per administrative District In a bid to promote a sustainable and equitable development as a subsequent impact of any development projects, gender needs to be mainstreamed into the day to day development initiatives. This is important for the design and implementation of projects that are responsive to the practical needs of women, households, and to those of communities in general. Table 3: Gender thematic distribution in 27 administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda Administrative Sex of the Sex of the Sex of the Number of District Household- Household- Household-heads: females per 100 heads: Male- heads: Female- De facto Female- males # Headed Headed Headed 1 Nyanza 108 67 28.1 4.9 2 Gisagara 114 60.1 33.5 6.4 3 Nyaruguru 116 68.3 25.3 6.4 4 Huye 110 59.7 31.6 8.8 5 Nyamagabe 104 69.5 25.3 5.2 6 Ruhango 108 63.9 28.2 8 7 Muhanga 110 65.9 26.9 7.2 8 Kamonyi 105 68.7 24.6 6.6 9 Karongi 104 68.4 23.7 7.9 10 Rutsiro 109 75.5 20.7 3.8 11 Rubavu 108 70.1 23.1 6.8 12 Nyabihu 109 66.5 26.7 6.8 13 Ngororero 120 60.7 27.5 11.9 14 Rusizi 102 72.1 22.7 5.1 Page 47 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Administrative Sex of the Sex of the Sex of the Number of District Household- Household- Household-heads: females per 100 heads: Male- heads: Female- De facto Female- males # Headed Headed Headed 15 Nyamasheke 115 67 28.7 4.3 16 Rulindo 105 68.1 27.6 4.3 17 Gakenke 107 67.7 23.9 8.3 18 Musanze 120 70 20.5 9.4 19 Burera 114 61.8 26.3 11.9 20 Gicumbi 111 73.9 22.5 3.6 21 Rwamagana 103 66.4 27.4 6.2 22 Nyagatare 110 71.1 24.1 4.9 23 Gatsibo 106 71.6 25.1 3.3 24 Kayonza 110 62.6 26.2 11.2 25 Kirehe 110 68.5 25.3 6.2 26 Ngoma 116 66.2 27.8 6 27 Bugesera 112 70.6 23.7 5.7 Source: EICV5 The table above shows that in all administrative districts, the female population in all thematic is greater than the male population which shows that female will have to play the big role in this project implementation and therefore contribute to the development and increment of household income which increase also the role of the woman in the society. As one of the gender mainstreaming strategies, the project has prepared the gender action plan (GAP) which should be implemented to make sure that the woman is not left behind by the project but ensures their full involvement in the project activities as shown that they represent a big number in the population. 6.1.1.32. 3.8.1.2. Education It has been observed almost everywhere that education can help lift someone out of poverty when well educated. It is also the case that children from poor households tend to get less education than their more-affluent peers. Both effects appear to hold true in Rwanda (EICV5). While 13% of household heads have a secondary education or higher, the figure is 18% for the non- poor and just 2% for the poor; and while 57% of the non-poor have no school diploma or certificate, the figure is 79% for the heads of poor households. Between 2014 and 2017 the proportion of those with a Hight school certificate, or bachelor’s degree or higher, rose from 6% to 8%, while the fraction of those without a certificate fell by just over two percentage points. Page 48 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Page 49 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 4. Education of the population by district, gender and age Administrative Popula Perce Net Net Net Net Literac Literac Comput Comp Populat District tion ntage Attend Attendan Attenda Attend y rate of y rate er uter ion aged aged 6 of the ance ce Rate nce ance the of the literacy litera between and popul Rate (NAR) at Rates Rates populati popula rate of cy 16 and above ation (NAR) primary (NARs) (NARs on aged tion the rate 30 who who aged at school in ) in between aged populati of the attende have betwe primar Female seconda second 15 and 15 on aged popul d ever en 6 y ry ary 24 above between ation tertiary attend and school school school 15 and aged educati ed 30 Male Male Female 24 15 on school who and have above atten ded school Nyanza 86.8 64.2 88.6 88.4 20.5 25.1 91.6 72.1 8.8 5.7 2.1 Gisagara 83.5 51.8 79.5 86.8 7.5 16.3 79.7 64.5 6.7 5.0 1.8 Nyaruguru 82.3 63.5 86.0 86.9 15.4 23.2 82.0 63.5 6.6 5.8 3.1 Huye 86.9 56.7 83.7 84.6 17.0 23.5 85.1 68.0 4.9 5.3 2.4 Nyamagabe 85.3 62.6 90.8 91.3 17.1 19.6 86.1 70.4 4.3 3.9 1.0 Ruhango 89.7 65.8 89.2 94.7 20.8 21.1 81.3 70.5 15.4 7.5 3.5 Muhanga 88.4 58.6 89.8 95.4 19.6 24.8 79.5 72.5 11.1 9.4 4.1 Kamonyi 90.5 61.6 88.1 90.5 20.6 25.0 92.3 76.7 5.6 5.2 2.1 Karongi 86.3 64.9 90.5 92.2 18.8 23.4 90.0 71.5 9.2 6.8 2.6 Rutsiro 81.4 58.7 85.5 86.9 22.0 21.5 88.2 64.0 3.6 2.7 0.7 Rubavu 84.1 57.8 88.0 84.2 26.2 25.5 84.7 70.9 13.2 13.1 4.8 Nyabihu 86.5 59.8 87.2 84.8 21.8 24.1 84.6 67.2 7.5 5.1 1.9 Ngororero 84.0 58.6 88.7 89.4 10.9 12.5 87.3 66.2 3.8 2.8 0.4 Page 50 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Administrative Popula Perce Net Net Net Net Literac Literac Comput Comp Populat District tion ntage Attend Attendan Attenda Attend y rate of y rate er uter ion aged aged 6 of the ance ce Rate nce ance the of the literacy litera between and popul Rate (NAR) at Rates Rates populati popula rate of cy 16 and above ation (NAR) primary (NARs) (NARs on aged tion the rate 30 who who aged at school in ) in between aged populati of the attende have betwe primar Female seconda second 15 and 15 on aged popul d ever en 6 y ry ary 24 above between ation tertiary attend and school school school 15 and aged educati ed 30 Male Male Female 24 15 on school who and have above atten ded school Rusizi 88.5 59.9 87.6 89.2 21.6 24.6 81.3 67.4 7.1 4.9 0.7 Nyamasheke 87.4 65.7 89.9 91.3 19.8 28.0 92.0 74.7 10.6 6.4 1.8 Rulindo 87.5 57.2 92.1 86.3 20.9 33.6 89.4 74.4 6.9 6.5 2.8 Gakenke 87.2 60.9 90.4 89.4 19.3 24.8 85.2 70.1 9.5 6.2 1.5 Musanze 88.6 59.6 90.5 93.6 24.2 36.9 87.3 74.2 13.2 11.5 3.6 Burera 84.4 58.2 93.3 94.2 20.8 21.1 89.2 68.5 8.3 6.4 1.1 Gicumbi 85.6 59.6 90.1 91.0 20.6 24.9 90.3 72.5 6.4 5.4 2.3 Rwamagana 88.2 55.8 84.9 91.3 22.7 26.4 91.3 78.1 10.3 8.1 1.5 Nyagatare 84.9 55.5 76.9 79.7 15.9 22.6 84.4 71.4 6.1 4.2 1.5 Gatsibo 84.9 59.6 86.4 86.7 11.0 20.8 84.7 67.0 5.4 4.2 1.8 Kayonza 85.8 58.6 79.2 81.6 14.0 22.9 82.4 70.4 7.0 5.4 0.4 Kirehe 87.5 60.9 82.9 87.9 17.3 18.9 82.3 70.2 3.9 2.7 0.9 Ngoma 85.9 60.4 87.1 88.5 21.2 24.1 85.5 71.5 11.7 7.7 4.1 Bugesera 84.8 57.0 85.9 82.0 16.2 16.9 85.7 72.4 8.0 6.7 2.1 Page 51 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Administrative Popula Perce Net Net Net Net Literac Literac Comput Comp Populat District tion ntage Attend Attendan Attenda Attend y rate of y rate er uter ion aged aged 6 of the ance ce Rate nce ance the of the literacy litera between and popul Rate (NAR) at Rates Rates populati popula rate of cy 16 and above ation (NAR) primary (NARs) (NARs on aged tion the rate 30 who who aged at school in ) in between aged populati of the attende have betwe primar Female seconda second 15 and 15 on aged popul d ever en 6 y ry ary 24 above between ation tertiary attend and school school school 15 and aged educati ed 30 Male Male Female 24 15 on school who and have above atten ded school Source: EICV5 Page 52 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) As the table above shows, the literacy rates decrease as the ages increases, which shows the efforts of the Government of Rwanda among the population and all children benefiting the free education and fighting children drop out. However the computer literacy is still low and even very low in very rural areas like Rutsiro and Kirehe administrative districts whereas in urban like districts like Rubavu, Musanze and Muhanga administrative districts the rate is a bit high exception done by Ruhango with higher rate though rural administrative district and Huye with low rate though it is the urban administrative district. This exception may be coming from chances in the samples. 6.1.1.33. 3.8.2. Poverty distribution per administrative District According to EICV5 report, the main poverty line is set at RWF 159,375 per adult equivalent per year in the prices of January 2014. This is the same poverty line that was used to measure poverty in 2014 using the EICV4 data, and a detailed discussion of how the line was chosen may be found in the EICV4 poverty profile report. Extreme poverty is measured using a poverty line of RWF 105,064 per adult equivalent per year, again in the prices of January 2014. This is the cost of buying enough food to provide an adequate number of calories, with a diet that reflects the observed behavior of poor households, but it does not make any allowance for non-food spending. The key finding from the EICV5 survey is that the headcount poverty rate – which measures the percentage of people who are poor – was 38.2% in 2017. This is slightly lower than the poverty rate of 39.1% observed in 2014, however, the difference between the poverty rates of 2014 and 2017 is statistically insignificant. The table below shows the poverty and extreme poverty distribution in the project area Table 5: Poverty and extreme poverty distribution in 27 Administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda Administrative District EICV5 Poverty EICV5 Extreme Poverty # 1 Nyanza 46.5 16.0 2 Gisagara 55.6 25.6 3 Nyaruguru 52.4 28.1 4 Huye 40.2 12.9 5 Nyamagabe 48.6 17.7 6 Ruhango 38.0 15.0 7 Muhanga 32.6 13.8 8 Kamonyi 22.3 8.7 9 Karongi 52.7 21.3 10 Rutsiro 49.5 24.4 11 Rubavu 35.7 14.6 12 Nyabihu 46.8 18.0 13 Ngororero 47.7 20.8 14 Rusizi 33.5 12.8 Page 53 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Administrative District EICV5 Poverty EICV5 Extreme Poverty # 15 Nyamasheke 69.3 41.5 16 Rulindo 54.2 23.2 17 Gakenke 34.2 13.1 18 Musanze 40.7 18.1 19 Burera 49.8 19.9 20 Gicumbi 34.7 13.4 21 Rwamagana 18.9 4.8 22 Nyagatare 44.8 20.1 23 Gatsibo 42.1 18.8 24 Kayonza 26.7 8.5 25 Kirehe 44.6 18.5 26 Ngoma 37.8 14.0 27 Bugesera 40.3 17.8 Source: EICV5 The low poverty rates in the city of Rwamagana district are evident, as are the relatively high poverty rates in Nyamasheke administrative district of Western Province and Nyaruguru as well as in Gisagara administrative districts of Southern Province respectively. According to EICV 5 Poverty rates and the distribution of the poor are very important for targeting purposes. A government intervention that helps the rural population would help 93% of the poor; on the other hand, 57% of the benefits would go to the non-poor, since the rural poverty rate is 43%. The national poverty rate of 38.2%, just 2.8 percentage points are attributable to urban poverty, while the remaining 35.4 percentage points are due to rural poverty, which strengthen the need of Rural Electrification as a way to alleviate poverty among the population. 6.1.1.34. 3.8.3. Energy sources of Households Energy is the essential in the community lives and is taken as a measure of environmentally friendly the community is becoming through the use of energy sources with less CO2 emissions and environmental degradation. The table below summarizes the source of fuel in project area and give a clear picture of which effort is needed for climate resiliency and poverty alleviation in the Rwandan community. Page 54 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Page 55 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 6: Energy sources distribution in 27 administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda Administrative Prima Prima Prim Prima Prima Prima Primar Othe Primar Primar Prima Othe District ry fuel ry fuel ary ry fuel ry fuel ry fuel y fuel rs y fuel y fuel ry fuel rs used used fuel used used used used for for for for for used for for for for cooking cookin cookin lightin lightin for lightin lightin lightin lightin : g: g: g: g: lighti g: g: g: g: Firewo Charc Crop Electri Oil ng: Candl Lanter Solar Batteri od oal waste city Lamp Firew e n panel es distrib ood utor Nyanza 14 0 2 2 5 63 14 0 94 6 0 1 Gisagara 10 0 12 3 2 65 7 1 96 3 0 1 Nyaruguru 9 0 13 5 1 63 7 1 96 4 0 1 Huye 14 2 6 7 5 54 12 1 88 11 0 0 Nyamagabe 9 1 10 5 0 66 10 0 96 3 0 0 Ruhango 20 2 2 3 5 65 3 0 95 3 1 1 Muhanga 20 2 3 4 4 61 7 0 89 10 0 0 Kamonyi 18 4 1 8 5 58 6 1 89 10 1 0 Karongi 14 1 5 2 1 56 21 0 92 7 0 0 Rutsiro 11 2 8 5 0 59 14 1 97 3 0 0 Rubavu 41 2 7 14 3 32 0 1 59 40 0 1 Nyabihu 17 1 7 9 3 60 2 2 88 12 0 0 Ngororero 7 1 13 2 2 67 8 1 97 3 0 0 Rusizi 32 3 4 5 1 43 11 1 86 12 0 1 Nyamasheke 22 4 6 5 2 46 15 1 98 2 0 0 Rulindo 15 1 2 7 0 61 10 4 94 6 0 1 Gakenke 12 1 3 1 2 75 5 1 97 2 0 1 Musanze 32 1 8 13 1 43 2 0 81 19 0 0 Page 56 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Administrative Prima Prima Prim Prima Prima Prima Primar Othe Primar Primar Prima Othe District ry fuel ry fuel ary ry fuel ry fuel ry fuel y fuel rs y fuel y fuel ry fuel rs used used fuel used used used used for for for for for used for for for for cooking cookin cookin lightin lightin for lightin lightin lightin lightin : g: g: g: g: lighti g: g: g: g: Firewo Charc Crop Electri Oil ng: Candl Lanter Solar Batteri od oal waste city Lamp Firew e n panel es distrib ood utor Burera 18 1 4 3 3 66 6 0 92 6 2 0 Gicumbi 12 1 2 10 1 71 2 1 96 3 0 0 Rwamagana 28 3 0 8 4 46 9 1 77 18 4 1 Nyagatare 15 0 0 5 1 67 11 0 90 6 2 2 Gatsibo 14 1 1 4 1 62 17 0 92 5 3 0 Kayonza 19 4 1 5 12 48 11 1 92 8 0 0 Kirehe 16 1 1 1 17 57 6 0 95 4 0 1 Ngoma 18 3 2 2 27 39 8 2 86 8 5 1 Bugesera 19 0 1 5 0 70 4 0 91 8 0 1 Source: EICV5 Page 57 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) According to the table above, it is clear that the project area community still relies on the forest felling to cook and this is an indicator of what happens inside their homes. The much depending on firewood increases the risk of indoor air pollution which is source of many respiratory diseases in the community without forgetting the CO2 emissions from this burning. The charcoal is also used by many populations in urban like districts mostly secondary cities like Rubavu, Musanze, Huye, Muhanga and Kamonyi with a high rate use of charcoal with Rwamagana also among the big users of charcoal. All these energy sources/fuels are the main cause of deforestation and emit a great deal of CO2 emissions, hence the need to promote the fuel which is environmentally friendly and make it affordable to the community members. Against this need the clean cooking solutions and LPG constitutes a response to this environmental issue. 6.1.1.35. 3.8.4. Human settlements The Rwandan settlement pattern has been scattered since time immemorial. It has for long been characterized by the traditional use of land associated with the ancestral lifestyle, but which does not correspond any more to the present environmental and economic constraints. It is in that perspective that the present policy of the Government of Rwanda regarding settlement consists of encouraging a clustered habitat commonly known as «IMIDUGUDU». In most urban areas, Rwanda has not yet developed city master plans. There are only plans of different towns of which some have expired and need updating. Urban centers developed spontaneously without taking environmental aspects into consideration. Sanitary facilities are insufficient and sometimes inadequate in city centers. In suburban zones known as spontaneous quarters, solid wastes are piled in disorder, drinking water is rare, and rainwater draining gutters are insufficient. Thus, diseases are frequent in those areas, the degradation of environment is more pronounced and living conditions are poor. City development should normally be based on urban planning documents like the “Urban management master plan (SDAU)”. Presently, only two centers have got that kind of document and the SDAU of Kigali and Rwamagana are under development. The policy of city development which is under finalization is aimed at supporting districts in their efforts to quickly get urban planning documents integrating environmental aspects. 6.1.1.36. 3.8.5. Cultural Heritage As per ESS8, the objective of the Cultural Heritage is to protect it from the adverse impacts of project activities and support its preservation, to address cultural heritage as an integral aspect of sustainable development, to promote meaningful consultation with stakeholders regarding cultural heritage and finally promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage. The cultural heritage encompasses tangible and intangible heritage, which may be recognized and valued at a local, regional, national or global level, as follows: Tangible cultural heritage, which includes movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and Page 58 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Tangible cultural heritage may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below land or under the water; Intangible cultural heritage, which includes practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith that communities and groups recognize as part of their cultural heritage, as transmitted from generation to generation and constantly recreated by them in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history. Rwanda’s cultural heritage, seen from a general perspective, is rich and diversified. But it has, for long, been regarded as being a sector of minor importance, and, because of such consideration, failed to play its basic role of developing the nation. However, there is no doubt cultural heritage is one of the main pillars for sustainable development. Rwanda’s cultural heritage is rich and diversified; it contains Sacred hills, forests and trees with legendary history, traditional huts and royal palace countrywide, churches and other colonial buildings and structures, caves and rocks with bas-reliefs marking the legendary or historical events that have occurred on the site, thermal springs and wells used for ritual purposes, genocide against Tutsi memorial sites and designated burial sites which are located in different administrative districts where the project activities will be implemented. The environmental and social assessment also takes into consideration the significance of intangible cultural heritage that may be materially affected or put at risk as a result of the project. For example, project activities may require cutting of trees or the movement of boulders that are used for cultural or religious practices and are considered sacred. If potential risks and impacts are identified, measures and actions to avoid, mitigate, and/or manage them are put into place. For example, it may be possible to arrange for protection in place, or for scheduled visitations, or community-sanctioned movement of such sacred items. Protection and preservation of national cultural heritage consolidate national unity, social cohesion, cultural freedom and recognition of community identity. Therefore, Government of Rwanda and its partners have the obligation to preserve and perpetuate this cultural heritage for present and future generations because, on the one hand, it brings in a lot of money as do agriculture, industry, gold or oil and, on the other, it maintains harmony and social balance between peoples. A chance finds procedure is a project-specific procedure which will be followed if previously unknown cultural heritage is encountered during project activities. It will be included in all contracts relating to construction of the project, including excavations, demolition, movement of earth, flooding or other changes in the physical environment. The chance finds procedure will set out how chance finds associated with the project will be managed. The procedure will include a requirement to notify relevant authorities of found objects or sites by cultural heritage experts; to fence-off the area of finds or sites to avoid further disturbance; to conduct an assessment of found objects or sites by cultural heritage experts; to identify and implement actions consistent with the requirements of this ESS and national law; and to train project personnel and project workers Page 59 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) on chance find procedures, this have been detailed in Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) developed under this EAQIP, a sample of the chance find procedure is attached to this updated ESMF. 6.1.1.37. 3.8.6. Agriculture The agriculture production system in all 27 district and is based on small family exploitations whose production is consumed by the owners at more than 80 %. The systems of crops are complex, based on the diversification of productions and the association of crops. Seven main crops, namely banana, bean, sweet potato, cassava, sorghum and potatoes, of which the first five are present in 90 % of production units and constitute the common basis for all the regions of Rwanda. Great investments in modern agriculture and research-based agriculture using fertilizers and improved seeds on consolidated lands, pumping irrigation on hillsides, etc., have allowed great productions of maize, soya beans, voluble beans, wheat, Irish potatoes and rice. This achievement results in Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI)’s decision of putting in place specialized centers for policy implementation and research under Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB). The recent survey has proved that the agriculture is the most important sector of the Rwandan economy and contributes considerably to poverty reduction. For instance, from 2011 to 2013 the total production of vegetables increased by 9% and their exports while fruits production increased by 18%. Their exports counted an increase from 15.4 (‘000 Tons) in 2012 which generated 5,013,260 USD to 31.9 (‘000 Tons) which generated 9,494,442 USD (Rwanda Statistical Yearbook, 2014). However, the extensive agriculture practiced by the majority of Rwandan population contributes to the degradation of environment. Moreover, the agricultural intensification at the level of projects was often realized without taking into account environmental drawbacks accrued from inputs like (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and used techniques). 6.1.1.38. 3.8.7. Animal husbandry The pastures consisted mainly of family fallows and marginal lands considered as inappropriate to agriculture such as the undergrowth. The limited subsisting pastoral areas were badly used because farmers did not master the management of pastures. That was showed by the overgrazing and overexploitation caused by trampling, degradation and disappearance of vegetation cover. The MINAGRI policy of keeping cattle in shed known as “zero grazing” program has significantly limited environmental degradation and crops damage, which was also a source conflicts between neighbors but this program also helps the people to have sufficient fertilizer household-based and many of the farmers are mobilized to make and use organic compost from their cows and other natural vegetation. Moreover, the demographic pressure has progressively led to the semi-intensification or intensification of fodder resources used to feed animals. Hence, animal husbandry, essentially made Page 60 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) of cattle, was progressively transformed. This resulted in considerable increase of milk production from 257,450 in 2008 to 628,266 tons in 2013 and beef meat production increased from 24,889 to 29,807 tons in 2013 (Rwanda Statistical Yearbook, 2014). Animal husbandry has also contributed to poverty reduction through a RAB-MINAGRI program called “One Cow per Every Poor household in Rwanda”. This program has decreased the number of malnourished children countrywide and has considerably contributed to poor household food security and assisted the poor household to increase the agriculture production due to the availability of the organic manure. Page 61 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 7: Economic activities of the population in 27 Administrative Districts of East, West, North and Southern Provinces of Rwanda Total Total Total number number Total Total number of Distribution of Distribution of jobs of jobs number of number of jobs carried workers and Distribution of of workers carried carried jobs carried jobs carried out and job broad workers and broad and broad District out and out and out and job out and job status: economic economic activity: economic job job status: status: Unpaid non- activity: Industry activity: status: status: Independent Independent farm and Agriculture Services Wage Wage farmers Non-farm other farm non-farm Nyanza 63 56 146 28 3 213 32 51 Gisagara 86 47 157 27 4 244 23 54 Nyaruguru 60 44 131 30 4 192 26 51 Huye 73 65 141 32 1 216 29 66 Nyamagabe 88 68 167 48 8 259 40 79 Ruhango 57 43 130 23 1 190 28 36 Muhanga 53 65 146 29 4 204 30 62 Kamonyi 72 69 168 26 4 243 42 54 Karongi 75 62 149 34 4 228 39 59 Rutsiro 72 37 154 25 2 229 23 37 Rubavu 73 78 108 64 8 185 36 110 Nyabihu 81 39 121 26 3 205 23 41 Ngororero 77 68 176 40 8 260 45 65 Rusizi 92 95 199 55 11 297 56 100 Nyamasheke 66 69 168 29 3 243 38 52 Rulindo 68 60 153 27 3 221 41 49 Gakenke 92 66 183 38 2 280 49 51 Musanze 75 71 140 38 4 218 37 73 Page 62 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Total Total Total number number Total Total number of Distribution of Distribution of jobs of jobs number of number of jobs carried workers and Distribution of of workers carried carried jobs carried jobs carried out and job broad workers and broad and broad District out and out and out and job out and job status: economic economic activity: economic job job status: status: Unpaid non- activity: Industry activity: status: status: Independent Independent farm and Agriculture Services Wage Wage farmers Non-farm other farm non-farm Burera 80 48 153 43 4 236 26 66 Gicumbi 74 41 185 25 3 264 19 46 Rwamagana 66 85 163 43 9 235 45 85 Nyagatare 159 86 258 59 12 423 41 110 Gatsibo 110 63 207 44 5 320 38 72 Kayonza 77 52 156 37 4 235 23 68 Kirehe 99 42 169 33 4 269 32 46 Ngoma 72 37 151 27 4 228 18 47 Bugesera 88 68 169 41 4 260 48 62 Source: EICV5 Page 63 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) From the above table we clearly see that the main activity in the project area is predominantly agriculture which means that most of the rural population in Rwanda depend on farming and the findings from the table above show that the industry sector is still under exploited. People need to shift from agriculture to industry and get more income from non-farm services. Th electricity access is anticipated to boost the development where many households are ready to use it to develop the other off farming activities including using mills, hair cutting saloon, welding, carpentry with machine among many other services. NST1 recognizes access to electricity as one of the main factors which will help in its achievement. IV. REVIEW OF NATIONAL, INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 4.1. Legal Framework Rwanda is just revising and enacting new institutional, policy and legislative framework in all its sectors and sub sectors after operating with colonial framework until after 1994. Most of the government ministries have already developed the 36 respective sector policies and strategic plans most of which are based on poverty reduction strategy and national strategy for transformation one. 6.1.1.39. 4.1.1. The constitution of the Republic of Rwanda of 2003 revised in 2015 Article 21 all Rwandans have the right to good health. Article 22 specifies that everyone has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, while Article 53 specifies that everyone has the duty to protect, safeguard and promote the environment. The constitution gives ways to many laws, policies and strategies for protecting, safeguarding and promoting the environment and social wellbeing. Article 34 determines the rights to private properties and stipulates that every person has right to hold a private property whether individually or collectively owned. The private property, individual or collective is inviolable. The right to private property shall not be encroached upon except in public interest and in accordance with the provisions of law. Article 35 specifies the right to private ownership of land and other rights that are related to land are granted by the State. A law determines the modalities of concession transfer and use of land. All PAPs will be compensated for the asset to be damaged and will still have the right to cultivate the land after the construction works with some restrictions. 6.1.1.40. 4.1.2. Environmental Law No 48/2018 of 13/08/2018 The most relevant legislation for this study is the Environmental law. This is the law that regulates the protection of environment in Rwanda. The law sets out the general legal framework for environment protection and management in Rwanda. It also constitutes environment as a one of the priority concerns of the Government of Rwanda. The fundamental principle on national Page 64 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) environmental protection policy develops national strategies, plans and programs, aiming at ensuring the conservation and use of sustainable environmental resources. The law gives right to every natural or legal person in Rwanda to live in a healthy and balanced environment. They also have the obligation to contribute individually or collectively to safeguard country’s natural, historical and socio‐cultural heritage. The framework of the law on the protection and management of natural resources centres on avoiding and reducing the disastrous consequences on environment. It measures result from an environmental evaluation of policies, programs and projects, aimed at preventing the consequences of such activities. The principle of sustainability of environment and equity among generation emphasizes human beings at the core of sustainable development. Therefore, they have a right to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature. They must so as to equitably meet the needs of the present and future generation. The protection and management of environment is currently registered in the environmental law that has been published in the official Rwanda Gazette in September 2018. MoE which is the ministry responsible for the environment under the article 65 puts in place Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) which is the institution now charged with the responsibility of ensuring environmental protection by demanding for ESIA studies to be undertaken before projects are executed. The present organic law has the following objectives. - To protect human and natural environment. - To establish fundamental principles of management and protection of environment against all forms of degradation so as to develop natural resources and to fight all kinds of pollutions and nuisances; - To improve the living conditions of the population while preserving ecosystems and available resources; - To ensure sustainable environment and resources as well as rational and sustainable use of resources, taking into account the equality between the present and future generations; - To guarantee to all Rwandans an economically viable, ecologically rational and socially acceptable development; - To establish the precaution principle in order to reduce the negative effects on Environment and ensure the rehabilitation of degraded areas. In chapter 5 of Environmental law, Article 30 clearly calls for the need to subject projects to mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment. Article 3: States that every person has the duty to protect safeguard and promote environment. The State shall protect, conserve and manage the environment. Article 33 states that the review and approval of environmental impact assessments, environmental audit, and strategic environmental assessment must be approved by the Authority or another state organ authorised in writing to do so by the Authority. If the approval is done by an authorised, such organ does so on behalf of the Authority which also responsible for its audit. With regards to the costs of conducting Environmental Assessments, Article 34 stipulates that consultancy cost for Page 65 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) environmental audit and environmental Assessment are borne by the program initiator. This program will trigger this law because it will involve negative impacts to the environment through tree felling and bush clearance for right of way, air pollution, noise pollution and soil degradation among others. However, all of these will be mitigated to minimize to the extent possible their effect on the environment. 6.1.1.41. 4.1.3. Environmental Impact Assessment regulations REMA has now developed the ESIA regulations which provide a guideline and requirements for ESIA in Rwanda. Projects with identified adverse impacts on environment call for a full ESIA process for mitigation measures and thus the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. The order specifies the works, activities and projects that have to undertake an environmental impact assessment. The list of works, activities and projects that must undergo a full environmental impact assessment before being granted authorisation for their implementation is found in Annex I of the Order. The No 12 of this Annex 1 put the construction of hydro-dams, hydropower plants and electrical lines of high and medium voltage in the projects that must undergo full environmental Impact Assessment. The list of works, activities and projects that must undergo a partial environmental impact assessment before being granted authorisation for their implementation is found in Annex II of the Order. The construction of micro hydroelectric power plants is in the project works, activities and projects that have to undertake a partial environmental impact assessment. The detailed list of these is found on the annex 2 of this order. Projects, works and activities which are not listed on the Annex I and II to the Order are not subject to the environmental impact assessment. However, when it is evident that work, activity or project not listed on the Annex I and II to this Order has a negative and irreversible impact on the environment and is similar in nature to the work, activity or project listed in Annex I and II of this Order, the Authority or authorized organ may request the developer to conduct an environmental impact assessment. The project activities will involve construction of new MV lines, rehabilitation of existing NTARUKA Hydro Power Plant, Solar Home Systems provision and provision of materials for clean cooking solutions. 4.1.4. N° 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Law governing land This law determines the terms of use and management of land in Rwanda. It also fixes the principles to be applied to the recognized rights on the whole lands located along the national territory together with anything connected to it and which is incorporated to it, either naturally or artificially. The Article 3, precise that the land is involved (included) within the common inheritance of all the Rwandan people; the ancestors, the presents and future generations. Notwithstanding the rights recognized to people, only the government (state) holds the distinguished related to the land’s Page 66 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) management along the national territory that it uses in the general interest of all in order to assure the rational economic and social development in a way defined by the law. Related to this issue, only the government has power to grant the rights of occupation and use of the land, it also has the right to order the expropriation due to a public cause of public necessity, housing conditions and development (fixing up) of the national territory in the way defined by law against a fair and previous compensation. The Article 4 mentions that any kind of discrimination, in particular the one focused on gender and to the use of land’s rights shall be prohibited. The man and woman have the same rights related to the land’s property. 6.1.1.42. 4.1.5. Law no 32/2015 of 11/06/2015 relating to expropriation in the public interests The Expropriation Law provides for public dissemination on the importance of the project to be established and the need for expropriation. Article 11 of the Expropriation Law stipulates that the relevant organ, after receiving the request for expropriation, shall examine the basis of that project proposal. In case it approves the basis of the project proposal, the relevant Land Committee shall request, in writing, the District Council concerned to convene a consultative meeting of the population where the land is located, at least within a period of thirty (30) days after receipt of the application for expropriation, and indicating the date, time and the venue where the meeting is to be held. The relevant competent authority shall take a decision within a period of at least fifteen (15) days after the consultative meeting with the population. Article 9 stipulates that it is only the Government that shall order expropriation in the public interest and must be done with prior and fair compensation. The law also bars anybody from interfering of stopping expropriation “on pretext of self-centred interests”. Accordingly, Article 3 provides for any underground or surface activity carried out with in public interest on any land but with due and fair compensation to the landowner. Article 4 requires that any project, at any level, which intends to carry out acts of expropriation in the public interest, must budget and provide funding for valuation of the property of the person to be expropriated and for fair compensation. It is important that the expropriation of properties and lands be based on the WB Environmental and Social Standard 5 (Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement), and, National expropriation procedures. In case of mismatch between the national law and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards, the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Standards will prevail. All assets that will be damaged will be compensated in compliance with this law. 6.1.1.43. 4.1.6. Ministerial order No2 of 17/05/2012 determining conditions for occupational and health safety This order aims to improve health, safety, and general wellbeing of workers and workplaces by promoting occupational health and safe practices in order to eliminate occupational accidents and diseases, hence achieve better productivity in the workplaces. In addition, it provides for the Page 67 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) protection of persons other than those at work against hazards to health and safety arising out of or in connection with activities of persons at work. Environmental and health risks, article 29 which related to the control of air pollution, noise and vibration stipulates that when there is any dust, fume or other impurity which are harmful to persons employed, protected measure shall be taken to protect employee against inhalation of dusts or fume or its accumulation on the work place. For noise and vibration, the article indicates that all practicable protective measures shall be taken by the employer to protect the safety of workers and against the noise by reducing elimination or control of such sound or protecting them against the vibration. All project workers will be safeguarded and occupational health and safety of the employees will be kept at high standard; all workers will be trained regarding the concept of hazard avoidance, accident investigation/risk assessment and prevention, worker man compensation law, PPE usage and first Aid, the detail are available in Labor Management Procedure prepared under this Project. 4.1.7. Law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda and Law n° 027/2023 of 18/05/2023 amending the Law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labour 6.1.1.44. in Rwanda (i) Individual labor disputes: Article 102 of law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda Workers will elect representatives who will form a committee that will act as the Workers Grievance Redress Committee. As mandated by article 102 of the law regulating labor in Rwanda, the employees’ representatives amicably settle individual labor disputes between employers and employees. If employees’ representatives fail to settle the disputes amicably, the concerned party refers the matter to the labor inspector of the area where the enterprise is located. In the case of this program, it will be the District where activities are being carried out. If the Labor Inspector of the District fails to settle the dispute due to the nature of the case or conflict of interests, he/she refers the dispute to the Labor Inspector at the national level stating grounds to refer such a dispute. If amicable settlement fails at the national level, the case is referred to the competent court. In any case, the PIU will be informed from the beginning of any workers grievances and provide insight and mediation if possible. The matter will be referred to the labor inspector only if the PIU fails to do the mediation. (ii) Collective labor disputes: LAW N° 66/2018 OF 30/08/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda The law requires that collective labour disputes be directly notified to the labor inspector of the area by the workers representatives. Within this framework, any collective labor disputes that will arise under the program, will be addressed to labor inspector at District level for assessment and settlement. In case of escalation, the matter will be referred to the national level. Before escalating the collective labor dispute, the PIU though the Environmental and Social Specialists will be alerted. Necessary investigations will be conducted, and the contractor will be duly Page 68 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) approached. The matter will be referred to the labor inspector only if the PIU and workers representatives fail at amicable settlement. 6.1.1.45. 4.1.8. Regulations No 002 of 26/04/2018 governing e-waste management in Rwanda The project is expected to have an environmental impact related to waste management in all its three components (1,2,3). The management of waste will follow the regulations in Rwanda to make sure the produced waste does not cause harm to the environment and human health. Referring to the regulations on E-waste in Rwanda in its Article 10: Any person who wishes to recycle e-waste shall: Have an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) undertaken before establishing e-waste facility; An environmental Audit (AU) for existing facilities; Have the state of the art facility complying with all the environmental standards in terms of emissions, effluents, noise e-waste treatment and disposal. Article 20: any collector and transporter of e-waste shall ensure that e-waste collected is stored in proper and secured manner till is sent to the licensed dismantler or recycler; Ensure that no damage is caused to the environment and human health, during storage and transportation of e-waste Article 22: Any recycler shall; Ensure that the facility and recycling processes are in accordance with the standards published by the national standard body; Ensure that the recycling processes do not have any adverse effect on human health and environment; Ensure that the residues generated thereof are disposed off in a hazardous waste treatment storage facility for disposal. Article 24: any producer shall be responsible to: provide information to the regulatory authority on the subsequent year’s projected imports of any electrical and electronic equipment products; Provide information to recyclers on how to dismantle their product at the end of life and the location of any hazardous substances or items within the product. Article 25: The consumer of electrical and electronic equipment shall: Ensure that e-waste is segregated from other forms of waste and is taken to licensed refurbishes, collection centres, dismantler or recyclers; Ensure that e-waste is not resold or auctioned or exchanged; maintain records of e-waste generated and make such records available for scrutiny by the Regulatory Authority. As this project is expected to produce e-waste especially in its component 3 concerning the off-grid part, stakeholders should bear in mind their harmfulness and the way to eliminate them from environment. The existing Enviro Serve functioning in Bugesera industrial park will be the platform of all electronic waste from used panel and batteries whereas districts, Solar home companies and other relevant stakeholders should make sure that this waste is removed and transported safely from households to this official recycling facility. 6.1.1.46. 4.1.9. Guidelines on the management of waste disposal site/dumpsites (landfill) Waste disposed of on the Site must be compacted and covered on a monthly basis with a minimum of 150 millimetres of soil. Burning of waste on the Site will only be allowed under the permission of the Regulatory Agency confirming that it does not have a detrimental impact on the environment and operation of the Site. Disposal of dead animals, rejected carcasses, parts of dead animals, contaminated food, food rests or any edible material must be immediately carried out when brought Page 69 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) onto the Site by burying it in trench and covered with at least 500 millimetres soil. The registered person must take steps to ensure that the Site is operated in a manner that will prevent the creation of nuisance conditions or health hazards. The registered person must apply sufficient dust control measures to prevent windblown dust from causing nuisance conditions or health hazards. Wind- blown litter leaving the Site must be collected on a daily basis. The waste which will be produced by the project activities except electronic waste produced by solar panels and batteries and other hazardous waste which should be managed in a special way, all remaining concerning municipal solid waste will be taken to the district dumpsites. The districts dumpsites were installed and complied to these guidelines. The electronic waste will be managed by respecting the regulations on e-waste as discussed above. 4.2. Policy Framework 6.1.1.47. 4.2.1. The Rwanda National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) The National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) which is also the Seven Year Government Programme (7YGP) comes at a unique moment in the country’s development trajectory which will see the crossover from Vision2020 towards Vision 2050. This strategy is expected to lay the foundation for decades of sustained growth and transformation that will accelerate the move towards achieving high standards of living for all Rwandans. The NST1 aims to lay the foundation for achieving upper-middle-income country status by 2035 and high-income status by 2050. It is guided by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Africa Union Agenda 2063 and its First 10-Year Implementation Plan 2014–2023, and the East African Community (EAC) Vision 2050. The strategy lays out targets under the three pillars of economic transformation, social transformation, and transformational governance, and several cross-cutting areas. Under the social transformation pillar, NST1 aims to achieve universal electricity access by the end of the seven-year period (2024). The Rwanda national strategy for transformation (NST1) considers environment and climate change as key strategic areas. With regard to environmental management, the focus is on improving cross sectoral coordination to ensure smooth implementation of environmental policies and regulations. In this regard, critical sectors identified for strengthening include agriculture, urbanization, infrastructure and land use management. Additional emphasis will be put on strengthening monitoring and evaluation. High impact areas selected include implementation of: Environmental and social Impact Assessments, biodiversity and ecosystem management, pollution and waste management. 6.1.1.48. 4.2.2. National wetland conservation program Though not a policy as such, the wetland convention implementation office in Rwanda has formulated a National Wetland Conservation Program for 2002-2030 jointly working with the National Commission for Development and Reform, the Ministries of Finance, Education Scientific Research Page 70 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) and Technology, Environment, Lands, Water and Natural Resources and Agriculture. The program aims at engaging the various government ministries in wetland conservation and ensure a holistic approach to wetland management. All authorities concerned will have proper coordination of activities concerning wetland management, a factor which leads to efficiency implementation of policies. To avoid further exploitation of the resources, Rwandan Government has established rules governing wetlands in the country. This is done by subjecting any acts concerned with water and its resources like watering plants, the use of swamps to prior environmental impact assessment which is submitted for approved to REMA or any person given a written authorization by REMA. During the project site selection, the proponent will make sure that no project should be located in the wetland. 6.1.1.49. 4.2.3. RURA Guidelines for Right of Way in Rwanda The construction of medium voltage lines requires a Right of Way (RoW) for both construction and operational phases. During the construction, the right of way is cleared for visibility and construction activities while during operational Phase the RoW is used under restriction conditions. Due to the impacts associated with the acquisition of rights-of-way, the projects will follow procedures in conformance with the Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency (RURA) guidelines No 01/GL/EL- EWS/RURA/2015 on the right-of way for Power Lines in Rwanda. In accordance to the guidelines No 01/GL/EL-EWS/RURA/2015 on the right-of way for Power Lines in Rwanda the information given below will govern the use of the right of Way. • General requirements on the use of the Right of Way/ Restrictions: - It is forbidden for any person to construct any building or structure or carry out cultivation, farming or any other activity within the Right-of-Way prior to the consent of the Licensee; - to drill, mine or excavate or carry on any similar operation within the Right-of-Way; - to place any combustible material inside the Right-of-Way; - to cause any fire to burn within Sixty (60) meters of the transmission line Right-of-Way; - to climb on to, attach to or hang any object on or from any tower/pole or transmission/distribution line; - to cause anything to come into contact with the power line; - to place, drive, tow, pull or carry any crane, jig, or any object, under, over or near the transmission line except with the prior consent of the Licensee obtained in writing and subject to any condition that the Utility may impose in relation to such consent; - to carry out any form of blasting within hundred (100) meters of any power line; and - Permanent buildings, including foundations and overhangs, pools, septic tanks, dumps, junkyards, wells, fuelling or fuel storage facilities, garbage, recycling receptacles and other non-compatible uses shall not be permitted on the Right-of-Way. • General derogations on the use of the Right of Way As long as minimum clearances from poles and conductors are maintained and with a prior written consent of the Licensee, the Right-of-Way can be used for certain activities such as yards, gardens, pastures and farming, recreational fields, streets, roads, driveways, parking lots, lakes, fences, drainage ditches, grading or any other activity that may not interfere with the line operation. Page 71 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Temporary buildings or structures that are small and easily movable may be acceptable in the Right- of-Way with prior approval of the Licensee, provided that: - they are located away from the Licensee’ works and access roads and not directly beneath overhead conductors; - they are not habitable; - they are not used for the purpose of storing flammable, explosive or toxic materials that could create a fire hazard; - they do not have electrical or water service; - they are of non-metallic construction or are grounded to the utilities’ satisfaction. - they do not adversely affect safety of customers, utility personnel and the general public. • General Licensee’s Obligations In constructing and maintaining power lines on the property covered by the easement, the Licensee shall: - Maintain the Right-of-Way as it requires, both within the Wire Zone and the Border Zone; - Remove vegetation that could pose danger to a power line or pole inside the Right-of-Way and outside the Right-of-Way if it could come too close to power lines or poles; - If excavation is necessary, ensure that the topsoil is stripped, piled and replaced upon completion of the operation; - Restore to its original condition any strip of land which has been disturbed by the construction or maintenance; - Clear all debris and remove all stones and rocks resulting from construction activity upon completion of construction; - Pay for any damage caused by such construction or maintenance or satisfactorily repair any damage caused by such construction or maintenance to its original condition; - Control vegetation and weeds around its power lines and facilities, and decide the appropriate method to adopt to ensure that the clearance space remains free of vegetation that could pose danger to a power line taking account of the potential risk to the public, conservation and other values; - Ensure that the pruning or clearing is done responsibly; and determine the regrowth space, hazard space and the pruning and clearing cycle; - Notify the landowner before carrying out any pruning and clearing. In emergency situations, the Licensee may remove vegetation which poses an immediate risk without notification, but the Licensee should notify the owner or occupiers as soon as practicable after the removal of the vegetation; - Ensure that pruning or clearing activities near power lines are undertaken safely. This may require the Licensee to de-energize the power lines or install necessary grounding to landowner’s fence or equipment to enable the clearance of vegetation safely; and Page 72 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - Ensure that any of his employees undertaking operations in the vicinity of his power lines, and any contractors he engages to carry out such works are appropriately trained and competent for that task, especially on safe working practices near power lines. It's worth to note that in addition to the compensation of crops and tree affected during right of way clearing, the implementing agency will pay 5% of disturbance allowances to cover impacts caused by restriction use of land in the RoW as a requirement stated in the nation expropriation law. • Right of Way Dimensions As per the above said RURA guidelines the horizontal right of way for then 15KV-30KV is 12 meters, for 1120KV is 25m, for 220 KV the right of way is 30m while for 400KV the right of way width becomes 50m. 6.1.1.50. 4.2.4. Clean cooking solution under EAQIP The component 3 of the project relates to catalysing private investment in off-grid electricity access and clean cooking, the clean cooking crisis is particularly acute in sub-Sahara Africa where approximately 86% of the population lives without clean fuels and better cooking technologies thus many people die each year of smoke-related diseases. Increasing use of clean cooking technologies for households in Africa offers huge promise to advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on good health and well-being (SDG3), gender equality (SDG5) and affordable and clean energy (SDG7). Rwanda has already set a goal to reduce the number of households using wood and other biomass fuels from 79.9 percent to 42 percent by 2024. It hopes to achieve universal clean cooking access by 2030, in line with sustainable universal energy access goals under the Sustainable Development Goal 7. The energy use is a key indicator to measure people’s standard of living globally, the choice of which cooking fuel is suitable for a household that has a direct bearing on the welfare of the respective families especially women and children because they are more concerned to collect firewood. The firewood collection and charcoal production are worldwide significant factors to forest degradation and to deforestation respectively. Moreover, the carbon emission from the wood fires is responsible for an estimated 18% of the global warming process, moreover agriculture residues used as cooking fuel are not anymore going back to soil for fertility, leading to soil degradation with difficult to reverse. Households in Rwanda spend up to 6 hours per day collecting firewood and up to a third of their income for their energy needs, exacerbating the cycle of poverty. Nationwide, about 79.9% of households use firewood as their primary cooking fuel, and most of them likely to collect it for free, hence spending one hour acquiring and preparing fuel collection and preparation. Affordable, reliable and clean energy for cooking is essential not only for reducing health and environmental impacts but also helping women to work productively and develop the rural economy Page 73 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) as demonstrated in biomass energy strategy, a sustainable path to clean cooking solution developed by MININFRA to be used in a period from 2019-2030. The traditional cook stoves lead to household air pollution and cause the death from different diseases due to the carbon monoxide and particulates from the fires and generate significant disease such as severe respiratory (upper or lower) diseases, perinatal mortality, low weight birth, cancer, eyes illness, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Against the above statements, the updated ESMF of Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project proposes the summary of potential positive Environmental and social impacts (Table 13), and Environmental and Social Management Plan (table 14) where negative impacts have been identified and mitigated based on the different activities which will be undertaken under the same component. 4.3 Institutional framework for environmental management The responsibility for formulation and implementation of environmental matters fall under the Ministry of Environment (MoE) as the key institutions with this mandate. The other aspects of environmental management related to different projects are dealt with several other institutions, among which the most prominent are the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA); Rwanda Development Board (RDB); National Land Authority (NLA), Rwanda Forest Authority (RFA) Rwanda Natural Resources Authority) among others. In case of any technically or circumstantially perceived environmental risk or threat, the proprietor is obliged to request from REMA the opinion of the need and, if necessary, the conditions for undertaking ESIA. Depending upon the assessment of potential significance of environmental impacts, REMA can decide if there is a need to apply partial or full ESIA procedure for the relevant projects. 6.1.1.51. 4.3.1. The Ministry of Environment (MoE) The MoE has the responsibility for developing land utilization policies (including surveying, land classification, land laws and land tenure); the development of environmental policies and procedures (including impact assessments), protection of natural resources (water, land, flora, and fauna), environmental legislation, biodiversity, and other environmental aspects informed by the Environment Law among others. Chapter IV of the Organic Law Article 65 clearly calls for the need to subject projects to mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment. Article 65: Further specifies that every project shall be subjected to environmental impact assessment prior to its commencement. It shall be the same for programs, plans and policies likely to affect the environment. Specific details of projects referred to in this Article shall be spelt out by the order of the Minister in charge of environment. Article 66 states that Environmental Impact Assessment (ESIA) shall include at least the following: - A brief description of the project and its variants. - Analysis of direct and indirect foreseeable consequences on the environment. Page 74 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - Analysis of the initial state of the environment. - Measures envisaged reducing, preventing or compensating for the Consequence. - Reasons for the choice. A summary of requisitions from clause1 to 5 of this article; - A definition of the evaluation and monitoring methods used regularly and environmental indicators before (initial state), during and after implementation of the project or, as the case may be, at the final evaluation stage of the project; - A financial evaluation of measures recommended preventing, reducing or compensating for the negative effects of the project on the environment and measures for regular monitoring and control of relevant environmental indicators. 6.1.1.52. 4.3.2. Rwanda Environmental Management Authority The overall responsibility of the management of the bio-physical environment lies with the Rwanda Environment Management Authority as stipulated by its establishing law of 2003, promulgated by the Government of Rwanda. The functions of REMA include: - To advise the Government on legislative and other measures for the management of the environment or the implementation of relevant international conventions, treaties and agreements in the field of environment, as the case may deem necessary; - To take stock and conduct comprehensive environmental audits and investigations, to prepare and publish biannual reports on the state of natural resources in Rwanda; - To undertake research, investigations, surveys and such other relevant studies in the field of environment and disseminate the findings; - To ensure monitoring and evaluation of development programs in order to control observance of proper ESSs in the planning and execution of all development projects, including those already in existence, that have or are likely to have significant impact on the environment; - To participate in the setup of procedures and ESSs for the prevention of accidents and phenomena which may cause environmental degradation and propose remedial measures where accidents and those phenomena occur; - To render advice and technical support, where possible, to entities engaged in natural resource management and environmental protection; - To provide awards and grants aimed at facilitating research and capacity building in matters of environmental protection. 6.1.1.53. 4.3.3. Rwanda Development Board (RDB) This is a one stop institution bringing together several government bodies in Rwanda focussed on promoting investment in Rwanda. RDB has a department responsible for ESIA processes including reviewing all projects ESIA reports before approval of the implementation of the projects, a duty that was previously undertaken by REMA. 6.1.1.54. 4.3.4. BRD’s Social and Environmental Safeguards Policies Page 75 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) BRD’s environmental objectives are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment; protect human health, in relation to the environment; ensure the prudent and rational utilization of natural resources and to conserve nature; and, promote measures to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, notably climate change and access to potable water and sanitation. BRD is implementing a robust social and environmental policy prepared in 2013 and an Environmental and Social Management System, which is compliant with Rwandan regulatory framework that pertains to the environment, land use, labor health and safety issues, vulnerable and marginalized groups and cultural artefacts. However, the implementation of this updated ESMF and its follow up will be ensured by EDCL ESRM team as BRD will be in charge of funds administration and disbursement. Any requirement that can be set for contractors and the review of ESF documents that must be submitted by the contractors for the component 3 fall under EDCL through its Environmental and social risk management team. 4.3.5. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION The general mission of the Ministry of Education is to transform the Rwandan citizen into skilled human capital for socio-economic development of the country by ensuring equitable access to quality education focusing on combating illiteracy, promotion of science and technology, critical thinking, and positive values. The ministry of Education has also the main responsibility in this project to provide required data for schools which will be the basis for decision making in clean cooking solution for schools. 4.4.World Bank Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) The Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) sets out the World Bank’s commitment to sustainable development, through a Bank Policy and a set of Environmental and Social Standards (ESSs) that are designed to support Borrowers’ projects, with the aim of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity. The ESSs set out the requirements for Borrowers relating to the identification and assessment of environmental and social risks and impacts associated with projects supported by the Bank through Investment Project Financing. Therefore, this updated ESMF has been prepared to ensure compliance with the World Bank ESF and ESSs. All the project components will have direct and/or indirect environmental and social risks and impacts. Thus, the project has triggered the World Bank ESSs except (a) ESS7 (Indigenous Peoples/ Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities) because there are no local communities that meet the requirements of this standard in the project proposed areas. Overall, this updated ESMF demonstrates how the project will comply with these Bank standards triggered by the project. Those standards are: - Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; - Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labour and Working Conditions Page 76 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management - Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety - Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement - Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources - Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural Heritage - ESS9 (Financial Intermediaries). - Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure. 6.1.1.55. 4.4.1. Environmental and Social Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts The activities of component one (Increasing access to grid electricity) will involve compensation for affected trees, crops and minimum restrictions on land under distribution lines and hence the need to prepare appropriate environment and social risk management tool as part of the design. The activities of Component two (Improving grid stability and enhancing operational efficiency) pose significant OHS issues such as management of oils and lubricants for turbines, transformers and support infrastructures, management of lead/acid batteries and materials; and hence the need to have proportionate risk mitigation measures integrated in the project design. Environmental and social audit of Ntaruka HPP carried out to identify legacy risks that this project is taking on, along with remedial actions for implementation. The environmental and social audit carried out for Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation evidenced that there are no associated facilities to it (see subsections 4.4.3-4.4.6 and 4.4.8 for further information on the main findings of the audit) while the associated facilities for component 1 are substations/transformers, which will be financed by the OPEC Fund and the Saudi Fund for Development. Both DPs are co-financing the project and have agreed to use the WB ESF instruments. The potential environmental and social impacts of these associated facilities include permanent land acquisition, possible relocation when the substations are to be placed in the residential place, changes in land scape, land use restriction and the electromagnetic effect. The upgrading of the existing substations will not require generally land acquisition (unless there is a relocation) as they are located/built on the existing REG land. The line routes will be designed to avoid sensitive ecosystem and residential places and the project will not imply permanent land acquisition as the land which will be used for RoW is the agricultural land, and PAPs are allowed to use it for agricultural purposes with condition that the grown trees/crops should not exceed 3m of height for power line and Page 77 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) community health and security/safety matters. The compensation will be done at full replacement cost based on market price for all asset located in the Right of Way. The third component of the project is related to catalyzing private sector investment in off-grid energy and clean cooking. There are positive environmental contributions of the project activities under this component, for instance, by supporting electrification through solar off-grid solutions the project will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions if equivalent electricity were sourced from fossil fuel-based utility-scale power plants or emergency diesel power plants. Despite these beneficial impacts, the solar system will have waste management issues, including disposal of used batteries containing hazardous waste. The clean cooking solutions will be very helpful for reducing deforestation and forest degradation, and thus contribute to climate change goals of the country. Component four will involve technical assistance such as sector performance improvements and forward-looking options for sector development; capacity building in planning, skills development, audit and compliance; and policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, including targeted training for women entrepreneurs (under clean cooking solutions). The policy and regulatory development/improvement part will comprise improving fuel/stove regulations, quality standards, testing capacity, and tax/tariff policies to support clean cooking market development. The project has prepared ESF instruments (ESMF, RPF, SEP, LMP, and ESCP) to manage these risks and impacts in manner consistent with the ESSs and satisfactory to the World Bank. The instruments, particularly the ESMF and the ESCP, will be updated based on the findings of the environmental and social audit for Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation. Also, during the project implementation, site specific environmental and social standards instruments such as environmental and social impact assessments, environmental and social management plans, and/or resettlement action plans will be prepared as required, and implemented and monitored accordingly. Table 8: Project Classification according to levels of impacts Category Definition High Risk Projects encompassing sub-project or activities with potential significant adverse environmental or social risks/ impacts that are diverse, irreversible or unprecedented. Examples of these activities includes project affecting highly sensitive ecosystems services, project with large resettlements components, projects with serious occupational and health risks, projects which poses serious socio-economic concerns Substantial The Project may not be as complex as High-Risk Projects, its environmental and social Risk scale and impact may be smaller (large to medium) and the location may not be in such a highly sensitive area, and some risks and impacts may be significant. Potential risks and impacts are likely to be mostly temporary, predictable and/or reversible. Adverse social impacts of the Project, and the associated mitigation measures, may give rise to a limited degree of social conflict, harm or risks to human security. Mitigatory and/or compensatory measures may be designed more readily and be more reliable than those Page 78 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Category Definition of High-Risk Projects. There is medium to low probability of serious adverse effects to human health and/or the environment (e.g., due to accidents, toxic waste disposal, etc.), and there are known and reliable mechanisms available to prevent or minimize such incidents. Moderate risk The potential adverse risks and impacts on human populations and/or the environment are not likely to be significant. This is because the Project is not complex and/or large, does not involve activities that have a high potential for harming people or the environment, and is located away from environmentally or socially sensitive areas. Potential risks and impacts and issues are predictable and expected to be temporary and/or reversible; low in magnitude; site specific, without likelihood of impacts beyond the actual footprint of the Project; low probability of serious adverse effects to human health and/or the environment ; and reversible and readily addressed through mitigation measures. Examples of these projects include small scale agricultural initiative, school’s construction, forest management activities, low emission energy project. Low risks Projects with activities with minimal/negligible or no adverse environmental and social risks and or/ impacts. Example of these projects or activities include education and training, public broad casting, health and family planning, monitoring programmes, and advisory services projects. These Projects, with few or no adverse risks and impacts and issues, do not require further ES assessment following the initial screening. Based on the above classification, the environmental risk rating of this project is substantial considering the anticipated risks and impacts associated with construction of (medium-voltage) power distributions lines (component 1), rehabilitation of the old Ntaruka HPP (part of component 2), and distribution of solar system (part of component 3). It also considers technical assistance that involves sector performance improvements and forward-looking options for sector development; capacity building in planning, skills development, audit and compliance; and policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, including targeted training for women entrepreneurs under clean cooking solutions (part of component 4), among others. Distribution of solar system will have potential environmental and social risks and impacts related to the storage and final disposal of used batteries containing hazardous waste; and disposal/recycling of solar panels. In addition to disposal and recycling issues, solar batteries may cause environmental, social and safety risks during transportation, installation, and operation (e.g. fire and explosion risks). Overall, the project will also have potential occupational health and safety risks and impacts. The project has prepared ESF instruments, including the updated ESMF, to manage all potential environmental and social risks and impacts of the project through setting up proper mitigation measures prior to the project implementation. Also, during the project implementation, site specific ESSs plan will be prepared prior to construction stages to make sure that all site related risks and impacts are specifically Page 79 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) addressed. ESF instruments like ESMP (including EHSP) will be mandatory to contractors who will work on components 1 and 2 while the companies which will be hired on the component 3 (Increasing access for off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions) will have to submit the waste management plan to ensure that the plan to offset all hazardous waste related to solar home system will be removed safely from the environment after the end of use life. The environmental and social audit for Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation provides findings (including analysis of legacy risks) and recommendations, which will further inform the environmental and social risk classification determination. Social Risk Rating: The social risk rating at this stage is moderate due to the risks related to the investments proposed in component one of the projects. The investment in grid connections for households, commercial and industrial consumers, and public institutions is likely to involve compensation requirements for affected assets such as crops and trees. All crops and trees to be affected will be compensated in compliance with the National Expropriation law No 32/2015 of 11/06/2015 in public interest and WB ESS5 (land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement). The project design and the ESF instruments (ESMF, ESCP, SEP and LMP) have integrated proportionate social risk management measures to avoid similar occurrences under this new operation. Proportionate mitigation measures for other potential risks such as exclusion of the vulnerable and GBV risk have been included in the ESF instruments as well. The social risk rating will be revised once staffing and implementation arrangements for social risk management are mainstreamed to better serve this project. 6.1.1.56. 4.4.2. Environmental and Social Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions The ESF and its ESS2 covers different compliance aspects related fair treatment of workers and provision of safe and healthy working condition. The first aspect aims at improving working conditions and management of workers relationships by providing workers with information and documentation that is clear and understandable on terms and conditions of employment on aspects related to rights under national labour and employment law with regard to rights related to working hours, compensation, wage and benefits. The second aspect is related to protecting the workforce by avoiding the child labour by setting up the minimum age and setting conditions that they employability of people below or above minimum working age is not hazardous and interfere with children education or is not harmful to the child health, mental or physical social development. It also prohibits forced labour. The third aspect is related to the creation of grievance mechanism for the employee in order to promptly address workers concerns but without impeding their access to judicial or administrative remedies that are provided by the law to address workers grievances. The fourth aspect aims to set up and apply occupational health and safety measures to the working place. Anticipated key labor risks and impacts are mainly associated with the planned construction works, and investments related to improving grid stability and operation efficiency, including Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation. There may be risks of child labor associated with the use of local labor. The project must provide appropriate measures for the protection of vulnerable project workers such as women and people with disabilities and care will be given to both categories to ensure inclusion. Among skilled workers, the majority of those involved will be existing government civil servants. As such, these employees will remain subject to the terms and conditions of their existing public-sector Page 80 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) employment. Majority of the unskilled workers will be sourced from the community members in the project site and a few required skilled workers from outside of the project area. Due to the discrete nature of these activities labor camps and influx are not anticipated. These individuals will however be subject to the requirement of ESS2 in relation to labor and working conditions including occupational health and safety and worker specific grievance redress mechanisms. Likewise, any technical consultants contracted by the project will also need to adhere to such standards. To ensure health and safety of workers during the construction, improving grid stability and operation efficiency, and operational phases of the project, a Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) plan in line with Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) and EHS Guideline for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution will be prepared as part of the CESMPs, based on site-specific ESMPs/ESIAs for subprojects, with general guidance provided as part of updated ESMF. The plan will include procedures on incident investigation and reporting, recording and reporting of non- conformity, emergency preparedness and response procedures and continuous training and awareness to workers. In addition, the project has developed written labor management procedures (LMP) that has set out the way in which project workers will be managed including a code of conduct to mitigate GBV related risks which will be used during the project implementation. 6.1.1.57. 4.4.3. Environmental and Social Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management This standard aims at efficient use of resources, pollution preventions and greenhouse gases emission avoidance and adoption of mitigation technologies and practices which are achievable. In this regard, the project, through its four components, is expected to improve access to energy and efficiency of energy services delivery in the country, largely in the rural areas. The project’s proposed investments, including off-grid solar power and clean cooking, will also contribute to Rwanda’s priority mitigation actions under its National Determined Contributions (NDC). The off-grid solar power and clean cooking solutions will also contribute to the reduction of deforestation and forest degradation and indoor air pollution. Thus, in addition to improving resource/energy-efficient practices, the project will have positive environmental contribution through reducing greenhouse gas emissions2. However, the project will have risks and impacts of pollution in relation to management of oils and lubricants for turbines, transformers and support infrastructures; solar batteries and panels; and construction/rehabilitation activities, among others. The project may also have environmental damage due to improper management of construction/ rehabilitation material (such as extraction of excess sands and gravels), waste, and domestic waste which may cause expansion of project 's environmental footprint. The findings of the environmental and social audit for Ntaruka HPP show that: (i) No historic contamination of land in and around the HPP; (ii) the extent of land contamination/pollution from the HPP is low; and (iii) REG has a formal procedure & plans for housekeeping and equipment maintenance issues, but requires improvements with a focus on waste 2 The GHG emission reductions associated with the nationwide uptake of cleaner technologies for lighting, cooking and other domestic energy needs including off-grid solar home systems and improved and clean cookstoves, will be purchased by Ci-Dev upon certification by the Standardized Crediting Framework (SCF) (https://www.ci-dev.org/SCF-Rwanda). In particular, Ci-Dev will purchase an approximate amount of 680,000 tCO2e carbon credits from component 3 for the period 2021-2024. Page 81 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) management plan, including lubricants and turbine oil management, monitoring and documentation. The TA part of the project, including the policy and regulatory development/improvement activity may have impact on resource efficiency and pollution management. The management of impacts/risks of the above issues are addressed in the project design and in this updated ESMF (including solar batteries and panels management guidelines, and application of WBG EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution) and other ESS instruments, and further detailed in site specific ESIAs/ESMPs for subprojects during the project implementation stage. Moreover, in relation to components one and two, the contractor shall develop C-ESMP (comprising EHSP, waste management plan, and restoration plan for borrow and quarry sites as required in the site specific ESMP/ESIA, and ensure their implementation accordingly. REGhas formulated an e- waste management plan integrating insights from the BRD/REF project for a better management of e-wastes generated by the project activities. For more details see annex 17. 6.1.1.58. 4.4.4. Environmental and Social Standard 4: Community Health and Safety Majority of the unskilled workers will be sourced from the community members in the project site and a few required skilled workers from outside of the project area. The project is not anticipated to contribute to significant labor influx in the project sites. However, potential community health and safety risks in the project sites are related to increase in crime, prostitution, gender-based violence (GBV) and other related social risks. Also, the project could contribute to potential structural safety risks such as electric shocks during connections, increase in road accidents due to increased number of vehicles during construction phase especially in formal settlement where we have a large number of people in a project site. The other potential community health risk relates to the potential for spread of communicable diseases due to the influx of people in search of work in the project sites. The project does not anticipate any use of security personnel. Also, there will be potential risks and impacts to community health and safety related to generation of wastes, noise, and dust; transportation of construction and HPP (Ntaruka) rehabilitation materials, and possibility of unauthorized entrance to construction and rehabilitation sites; and restoration of borrow and quarry sites. There will be risks related to transportation, installation, and operation of solar batteries (e.g. fire and explosion risks); and collection, storage and disposal of used solar batteries containing hazardous waste as well. Regarding Ntaruka HHP rehabilitation, there will be potential community health and safety risks depending on dam size and type of rehabilitation. Environmental and social audit of Ntaruka HPP identified legacy risks along with remedial actions for implementation. The findings of the audit for Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation show that: (i) It is a low risk dam because its failure or mis-operation can result in no probable loss of human life and low economic and/or environmental losses, however, warning and prohibiting signs should be installed to inform health and safety risks and prohibit bathing to the public; (ii) It has also operation & maintenance plan, but no emergency preparedness or response plan, which needs to be developed and integrated into the Environmental and social action plan; (iii) no safety issues and cases historically recorded that were associated to the dam operation and the HPP; and (iv) the body and foundation of the Ntaruka intake dam is in good structural condition and can be used for many more years to come with minor maintenance work; (v) the report Page 82 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) mentions that O&M plans exist but instrumentation plan is not there; and (vi) the rehab works should have a rehabilitation supervision quality assurance plan. The TA component of the project, including the policy and regulatory development/improvement may have impact on community health and safety. All these potential community health and safety risks, along with mitigation measures, are addressed in this updated ESMF (comprising generic ESMPs, guidelines for management of solar batteries and panels, and application of WBG EHS Guidelines for Electric Power, Transmission and Distribution, and electromagnetic interference and electrocution, among others) and other relevant ESSs instruments, including E&S audit of the Ntaruka, and further detailed in the site specific ESIAs/ ESMPs for subprojects during the project implementation stage as required. Except the above risks and impacts (which will be managed through preparing and implementing site specific ESIAs/ESMPs for subprojects, and Ntaruka’s environmental and social audit), the project is generally expected to result in positive community health impacts specifically for those households who will benefit from grid connection, off-grid solar connection and clean cooking solutions. 6.1.1.59. 4.4.5. Environmental and Social Standard 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement The project will involve civil works in on-grid connection for a portion of the currently unelectrified households across different parts of the Country. These activities will involve expropriation, temporally restriction on land use and expropriation. Resettlement impacts are mainly expected to be temporary and largely economical. No voluntary land donation anticipated under this project. The project has prepared a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that will give guidance to the implementing agencies during project implementation on how to deal with resettlement and expropriation issues in compliance with National Expropriation law and the Bank requirements, this will help also to prepare a RAP based on prepared RPF. In addition to RPF, the client prepared SEP and ESCP (comprising specific gendered social assessment) through a consultative process. Ntaruka’s environmental and social audit identified legacy risks and propose feasible remedial actions for implementation. The Ntaruka HPP Environmental and Social Audit evidenced that the Dam was built in 1959 on uninhabited site. The land owned by the GoR and managed by REG on behalf of GoR for power generation. The HPP did not induce any expropriation or displacement, from the time of the project development till now and no past claims or grievance recorded. The planned rehabilitation will be carried out within the existing footprint and no resettlement or displacement is envisaged. Therefore, there are no any legacy issues regarding land use patterns and arrangements. 6.1.1.60. 4.4.6. Environmental and Social Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources The aim of standard is to support the protection and conservation of biodiversity and habitats. In this regard, mitigation hierarchy and precautionary approach will be applied in the design and implementation of project that could have risks and impacts on biodiversity. Page 83 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Rwanda is known for its biodiversity and living natural resources and is a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ntaruka being considered for old HPP rehabilitation will have potential impacts on aquatic biodiversity/living natural resources and ecological flows. Ntaruka HPP was built on the Mukungwa River, one of the tributaries of the Nyabarongo river which drains to the Akagera River that, in turn, leads to Lake Victoria. The hydrological network of the project area is located in Nile basin and is composed by lakes Burera and Ruhondo and Rugezi wetlands. Before the construction of the power plant, lake Burera and Ruhondo were connected by the river Mukungwa river. The entire water of the river was taken, dammed and channeled into the head lace tunnel towards the surge tank before reaching the powerhouse via the penstock leading to the destruction of aquatic biodiversity. Water from the Rugezi Wetlands flows downstream first into Lake Burera supplying Ntaruka HPP nearly half of its inflow and then into Lake Ruhondo. Audit report recommends i) no need for ecological flow study, ii) prepare more a more detail study on disturbed ecosystem and restoration of disturbed biodiversity due to the total deviation of river which connected the two twin lakes, as well as to maintain ecosystem of the Rugezi-Burera-Ruhondo catchment area, and iii) implement comprehensive waste management to prevent soils, surface, and ground water contamination from wastes generated from the rehabilitation and operation of the HPP. Also, the clean cooking solutions may have impacts on forest and other resources if biomass sources and other supply chains (including local production of improved and clean cook stoves) are not properly identified and managed in a sustainable manner as per GoR’s laws and WB ESSs. In this regard, there is a need to address sustainable management of primary production and harvesting of living natural resources using relevant mitigation measures. The project will comply with this environmental and Social Standard requirement by avoiding constructing or passing through critical habitat such as national parks or wetland of international importance. The activity of bush clearing will respect the right of way (RoW) stipulated in the RURA guidelines (GUIDELINES N°01/GL/EL-EWS/RURA/2015 ON RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR POWER LINES) and whenever possible the project team will avoid the bush clearance where construction works allow. Also, impacts and risks of other project activities (such clean cooking solutions, Ntaruka HPP rehabilitation, and TA related to policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, and forward-looking options for sector development) on biodiversity and living natural resources will be managed as per the GoR’s policies and legal frameworks and WB ESSs requirements. All these have been reflected in this updated ESMF, including the environmental and social screening process for managing risks and impacts to biodiversity and natural resources. Consistent with the Project’s updated ESMF, ESS6 and site specific ESSs instruments (ESMPs/ESIAs), REG will require civil works contractor(s) to prepare C-ESMP(s) (satisfactory to the GoR and the WB) and implement it accordingly during construction/rehabilitation, and TA consultants to comply with the updated ESMF and other instruments. 6.1.1.61. 4.4.7. Environmental and Social Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples/ Sub-Saharan African Historically Undeserved Traditional Community Page 84 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) This standard aims to avoid or minimize impact on indigenous peoples/ Sub-Saharan African Historically Undeserved Traditional Community who are defined as marginalized people with distinct characteristics such as self-identification, collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or territory, customary, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the mainstream society or culture; or distinct language or dialect. This social standard is not applicable to this project as Rwanda does not have indigenous people, or historically underserved traditional community in the project proposed implementation areas. 6.1.1.62. 4.4.8. Environmental and Social Standard 8: Cultural heritage This standard seeks to protect cultural heritage from adverse impact of the project activities and support its preservation, address cultural heritage as integral aspect of sustainable development, promote meaningful consultation with stakeholders regarding cultural heritage and promote specifically the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage. Environment and social audit report of Ntaruka HPP identified no cultural heritage site in or around the project site and possibility of any chance find related to cultural significance is low. However, mitigation measures shall be developed and duly reflected in site specific ESIAs/ESMPs for subprojects to protect cultural heritage from being relocated by construction or rehabilitation activities. Also, “chance finds procedure” (see Annex 11) has been incorporated in this updated ESMF if previously unknown cultural heritage is encountered during project implementation; and will be also included in the site specific ESIAs/ESMPs and in all contracts relating to construction or rehabilitation of subprojects. 6.1.1.63. 4.4.9. Environmental and Social Standard 9: Financial Intermediary ESS9 is applicable to the project as BRD intervenes in the implementation of the project as a financial intermediary especially under component 3. 6.1.1.64. 4.4.10. Environmental and Social Standard 10: Stakeholder Engagement and information disclosure The objective of this ESS is to engage stakeholder effectively in order to improve environmental and social sustainability of the project, enhance acceptance, and make significant contribution to successful project design and implementation. For this purpose , the project supported by the Bank must identify stakeholders and construct and build good working relationships with them in order to avoid conflicts that may arise, assess the level of stakeholder interests, support and concerns, take stakeholders views, concerns into account during project implementation. In this identification, stakeholders included Project Affected People (PAPs), these are individuals or organisation whose properties (land, houses, infrastructures, business, cultural features) and other aspects that will be affected by the project and other who are related or may be interested in the project implementation. In addition, this ESS will aim at promoting and providing means for stakeholders’ engagement in the Page 85 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) whole project cycle, and inform stakeholders on the project objectives, environmental and social risks in appropriate manners. The project has complied with this ESS through the development of the updated ESMF and the stakeholder engagement plan (SEP) and both will be disclosed prior to project appraisal. Major stakeholders such as director of one stop centres, Vice mayor in charge of economic development, District environmental officers, Executive secretary of the sectors, sector land managers different ministries and public agencies, local people from not connected centres, and institutions as shown in the Annex 7 have been consulted and their inputs were considered during updated ESMF and SEP preparation. During the preparation of site-specific RAPs, PAPs will be identified and consulted on different resettlement modalities as stipulated by the Law No 32/2015 of 11/06/2015 relating to expropriation in the public interests. In addition, the updated ESMF and RPF have recommended the establishment of grievance redress Committees from project site level and their composition to the district and implementing entity levels. Table 9: World Bank Environmental and Social Standard Triggered by EAQIP Standard triggered by the project Yes No ESS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and X Social Risks and Impacts ESS2: Labour and Working Conditions X ESS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention X and Management ESS4: Community Health and Safety X ESS5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and X Involuntary Resettlement ESS 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living X Natural Resources ESS 7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Undeserved X Traditional Community. ESS 8: Cultural heritage X ESS9: Financial Intermediary X ESS10: Stakeholder Engagement and information disclosure X 4.5. World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines 6.1.1.65. 4.5.1. Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines3 are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) that WB 3 http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ifc+sustainability/our+approach/risk+management/ehsguidelines Page 86 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) funded project should apply. These General EHS Guidelines are designed to be used together with the relevant Industry Sector EHS Guidelines which provide guidance to users on EHS issues in specific industry sectors. The EAQIP will apply EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site- specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment. General Approach to the Management of EHS Issues at the Facility or Project Level: Effective management of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) issues entails the inclusion of EHS considerations into corporate-and facility-level business processes in an organized, hierarchical approach that includes the following steps: - Identifying EHS project hazards and associated risks as early as possible in the facility development or project cycle, including the incorporation of EHS considerations into the site selection process, product design process, engineering planning process for capital requests, engineering work orders, facility modification authorizations, or layout and process change plans. - Involving EHS professionals, who have the experience, competence, and training necessary to assess and manage EHS impacts and risks and carry out specialized environmental management functions including the preparation of project or activity-specific plans and procedures that incorporate the technical recommendations that are relevant to the project. - Understanding the likelihood and magnitude of EHS risks, based on: The nature of the project activities, such as whether the project will generate significant quantities of emissions or effluents, or involve hazardous materials or processes; The potential consequences to workers, communities, or the environment if hazards are not adequately managed, which may depend on the proximity of project activities to people or to the environmental resources on which they depend. - Prioritizing risk management strategies with the objective of achieving an overall reduction of risk to human health and the environment, focusing on the prevention of irreversible and/or significant impacts. - Favouring strategies that eliminate the cause of the hazard at its source, for example, by selecting less hazardous materials or processes that avoid the need for EHS controls. - When impact avoidance is not feasible, incorporating engineering and management controls to reduce or minimize the possibility and magnitude of undesired consequences, for example, Page 87 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) with the application of pollution controls to reduce the levels of emitted contaminants to workers or environments. - Preparing workers and nearby communities to respond to accidents, including providing technical and financial resources to effectively and safely control such events, and restoring workplace and community environments to a safe and healthy condition. - Improving EHS performance through a combination of ongoing monitoring of facility performance and effective accountability. Page 88 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 10: Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines: Effect Description Management Environment Greenhouse Gases Energy is one of the sectors that can have potential Promote, develop and increase use of renewable forms of energy which include (GHGs) significant emissions of greenhouse gases. hydroelectric power and solar energy which means that the impact of EAQIP is positive to the environment as it contributes to GHGs emissions reduction. GHGs may be generated from direct emissions. Green House gases are gases responsible for Global Warming and include carbon dioxide (C02); methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Hazardous Hazmats can be classified according to the hazard - The overall objective of hazardous materials management is to avoid or, when Materials as explosives; compressed gases, including toxic avoidance is not feasible, minimize uncontrolled releases of hazardous materials or or flammable gases; flammable liquids; accidents (including explosion and fire) during their production, handling, storage and flammable solids; oxidizing substances; toxic use. materials; radioactive material; and corrosive - Where practicable, avoiding or minimizing the use of hazardous materials. For substances. example, non-hazardous materials have been found to substitute asbestos in building materials, PCBs in electrical equipment, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in pesticides formulations, and ozone depleting substances in refrigeration systems; - Preventing uncontrolled releases of hazardous materials to the environment or uncontrolled reactions that might result in fire or explosion; - Using engineering controls (containment, automatic alarms, and shut-off systems) commensurate with the nature of hazard; - Implementing management controls (procedures, inspections, communications, training, and drills) to address residual risks that have not been prevented or controlled through engineering measures. Page 89 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management - Job safety analysis to identify specific potential occupational hazards and industrial hygiene surveys, as appropriate, to monitor and verify chemical exposure levels, and compare with applicable occupational exposure standards; - Hazard communication and training programs to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards. Reactive, flammable, and explosive materials - Storage of incompatible materials (acids, bases, flammables, oxidizers, reactive should also be managed to avoid uncontrolled chemicals) in separate areas, and with containment facilities separating material reactions or conditions resulting in fire or storage areas; explosion. - Provision of material-specific storage for extremely hazardous or reactive materials; - Use of flame arresting devices on vents from flammable storage containers; - Provision of grounding and lightning protection for tank farms, transfer stations, and other equipment that handles flammable materials; - Selection of materials of construction compatible with products stored for all parts of storage and delivery systems, and avoiding reuse of tanks for different products without checking material compatibility; Waste Any solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material - Establishing waste management priorities at the outset of activities based on an that is being discarded by disposal, recycling, understanding of potential Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risks and impacts burning or incineration. It can be byproduct of a and considering waste generation and its consequences manufacturing process or an obsolete commercial - Establishing a waste management hierarchy that considers prevention, reduction, product that can no longer be used for intended reuse, recovery, recycling, removal and finally disposal of wastes. purpose and requires disposal. - Avoiding or minimizing the generation waste materials, as far as practicable - Where waste generation cannot be avoided but has been minimized, recovering and reusing waste; - Where waste cannot be recovered or reused, treating, destroying, and disposing of it in an environmentally sound manner Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Page 90 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management Approach Employers and supervisors are obliged to - Eliminating the hazard by removing the activity from the work process. Examples implement all reasonable precautions to protect include substitution with less hazardous chemicals, using different manufacturing the health and safety of workers. Companies processes, etc. should hire contractors that have the technical - Controlling the hazard at its source through use of engineering controls. Examples capability to manage the occupational health and include local exhaust ventilation, isolation rooms, machine guarding, acoustic safety issues of their employees, extending the insulating, etc. application of the hazard management activities - Minimizing the hazard through design of safe work systems and administrative or through formal procurement agreements. institutional control measures. Examples include job rotation, training safe work procedures, lock-out and tag-out, workplace monitoring, limiting exposure or work duration, etc. - Providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in conjunction with training, use, and maintenance of the PPE. - The application of prevention and control measures to occupational hazards should be based on comprehensive job safety or job hazard analyses. The results of these analyses should be prioritized as part of an action plan based on the likelihood and severity of the consequence of exposure to the identified hazards. The workplace and - The space provided for each worker, and in total, should be adequate for safe Exit execution of all activities, including transport and interim storage of materials and products. - Passages to emergency exits should be unobstructed at all times. Exits should be clearly marked to be visible in total darkness. The number and capacity of emergency exits should be sufficient for safe and orderly evacuation of the greatest number of people present at any time, and there should be a minimum two exits from any work area. - The workplace should be designed to prevent the start of fires through the implementation of fire codes applicable to industrial settings. Page 91 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management - The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work. - Training about OHS should be provided to all workers and should consist of basic hazard awareness, site-specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site-specific hazard or colour coding in use should be thoroughly reviewed as part of orientation training. - Vibration exposure levels should be checked based on daily exposure time and data provided by equipment manufacturers. Fire and Fires and or explosions resulting from ignition of - Storing flammables away from ignition sources and oxidizing materials. Explosions flammable materials or gases can lead to loss of - Providing bonding and grounding of, and between, containers and additional property as well as possible injury or fatalities to mechanical floor level ventilation if materials are being, or could be, dispensed in the project workers. storage area - Where the flammable material is mainly comprised of dust, providing electrical grounding, spark detection, and, if needed, quenching systems - Defining and labelling fire hazards areas to warn of special rules (e.g. prohibition in use of smoking materials, cellular phones, or other potential spark generating equipment) - Providing specific worker training in handling of flammable materials, and in fire prevention or suppression Electrical Exposed or faulty electrical devices, such as - Marking all energized electrical devices and lines with warning signs; circuit breakers, panels, cables, cords and hand - Locking out (de-charging and leaving open with a controlled locking device) and tools, can pose a serious risk to workers. Overhead tagging-out (warning sign placed on the lock) devices during service or maintenance; wires can be struck by metal devices, such as poles - Checking all electrical cords, cables, and hand power tools for frayed or exposed cords or ladders, and by vehicles with metal booms. and following manufacturer recommendations for maximum permitted operating Vehicles or grounded metal objects brought into voltage of the portable hand tools; Page 92 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management proximity with overhead wires can result in arcing - Protecting power cords and extension cords against damage from traffic by shielding between the wires and the object, without actual or suspending above traffic areas contact. - Appropriate labelling of service rooms housing high voltage equipment (‘electrical hazard’) and where entry is controlled or prohibited; - Establishing “No Approach” zones around or under high voltage power lines; - Conducting detailed identification and marking of all buried electrical wiring prior to any excavation work. Personal Protective PPE is considered to be a last resort that is above - Active use of PPE if alternative technologies, work plans or procedures cannot Equipment and beyond the other facility controls and provides eliminate, or sufficiently reduce, a hazard or exposure; the worker with an extra level of personal - Identification and provision of appropriate PPE that offers adequate protection to the protection. worker, co-workers, and occasional visitors, without incurring unnecessary inconvenience to the individual; - Proper maintenance of PPE, including cleaning when dirty and replacement when damaged or worn out. Proper use of PPE should be part of the recurrent training programs for employees; - Selection of PPE should be based on the hazard and risk ranking and selected according to criteria on performance and testing established by recognized organizations Accidents and - The employer should establish procedures and systems for reporting and recording: Diseases Occupational accidents and diseases; Dangerous occurrences and incidents These monitoring systems should enable workers to report immediately to their immediate supervisor any situation they believe presents a serious danger to life or health. - The systems and the employer should further enable and encourage workers to report to management all: Occupational injuries and near misses; Suspected cases of occupational disease; Dangerous occurrences and incidents - All reported occupational incident and diseases should be investigated with the assistance of a person knowledgeable/competent in occupational safety. The Page 93 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management investigation should: Establish what happened; Determine the cause of what happened; Identify measures necessary to prevent a recurrence; Community Health and Safety Communicable and Health hazards typically associated with large - Providing surveillance and active screening and treatment of workers; Vector borne development projects are those relating to poor - Preventing illness among workers in local communities by: Undertaking health Diseases sanitation and living conditions, sexual awareness and education initiatives, for example, by implementing an information transmission and vector-borne infections. strategy to reinforce person-to-person counselling addressing systemic factors that can Communicable diseases of most concern during influence individual behavior as well as promoting individual protection, and protecting the construction phase due to labor mobility are others from infection, by encouraging condom use. sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as - Vector borne diseases should be addressed by: HIV/AIDS. - Prevention of larval and adult propagation through sanitary improvements and elimination of breeding habitats close to human settlements; - Elimination of unusable impounded water; - Promoting use of repellents, clothing, netting, and other barriers to prevent insect bites; Use of chemoprophylaxis drugs by non-immune workers and collaborating with public health officials to help eradicate disease reservoirs; - Monitoring and treatment of circulating and migrating populations to prevent disease reservoir spread; - Collaboration and exchange of in-kind services with other control programs in the project area to maximize beneficial effects; - Educating project personnel and area residents on risks, prevention, and available treatment. Page 94 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 6.1.1.66. 4.5.2. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution The EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution include information relevant to power transmission between a generation facility and a substation located within an electricity grid, in addition to power distribution from a substation to consumers located in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. 6.1.1.67. 4.5.2.1. Specific Impacts and management The following section provides a summary of EHS issues associated with electric power transmission and distribution that occur during the construction and operation phases of a facility, along with recommendations for their management Table 11: Summary of EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Effect Description Management Environmental Impacts: Terrestrial habitat alteration; Aquatic habitat alteration; Electric and magnetic fields and hazardous materials. Terrestrial habitat construction activities may RoW (Right of Way) construction alteration transform habitats, depending on the Right-of-way characteristics of existing vegetation, - Site transmission and distribution rights-of-way, access roads, lines, towers, and substations to topographic features, and installed avoid critical habitat through use of existing utility and transport corridors for transmission and height of the transmission lines. distribution, and existing roads and tracks for access roads, whenever possible; - Installation of transmission lines above existing vegetation to avoid land clearing; - Avoidance of construction activities during the breeding season and other sensitive seasons or times of day; - Revegetation of disturbed areas with native plant species; - Removal of invasive plant species during routine vegetation maintenance (see right-of-way maintenance section below). Right of way maintenance: Page 95 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management - Unchecked growth of tall trees and accumulation of vegetation within rights-of-way may result in a number of impacts, including power outages through contact of branches and trees with transmission lines and towers; ignition of forest and brush fires; corrosion of steel equipment; blocking of equipment access; and interference with critical grounding equipment. - Implement an integrated vegetation management approach (IVM). The selective removal of tall- growing tree species and the encouragement of low-growing grasses and shrubs. Observing manufacturer machinery and equipment guidelines, procedures with regard to noise, and oil spill prevention and emergency response; - Avoiding clearing in riparian areas; Avoiding use of machinery in the vicinity of watercourses. Forest Fires If underlying growth is left unchecked, - Monitoring right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk; or slash from routine maintenance is - Removing blowdown and other high-hazard fuel accumulations; left to accumulate within right-of-way - Time thinning, slashing, and other maintenance activities to avoid forest fire seasons; boundaries, enough fuel can - Planting and managing fire resistant species (e.g. hardwoods) within, and adjacent to, rights-of- accumulate that may promote forest way; fires. - Establishing a network of fuel breaks of less flammable materials or cleared land to slow progress of fires and allow firefighting access. Avian and Bat Avian collisions with power lines can - Aligning transmission corridors to avoid critical habitats; Collisions and occur in large numbers if located within - Maintaining1.5 meter (60-inch) spacing between energized components and grounded hardware Electrocutions daily flyways or migration corridors, or or, where spacing is not feasible, covering energized parts and hardware; if groups are traveling at night or during - Considering the installation of underground transmission and distribution lines in sensitive areas low light conditions (e.g. dense fog). In (e.g. critical natural habitats).\ addition, bird and bat collisions with - Considering the installation of underground transmission and distribution lines in sensitive areas power lines may result in power (e.g. critical natural habitats); outages and fires. - Installing visibility enhancement objects such as marker balls, bird deterrents, or diverters Page 96 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management Aquatic Habitat Power transmission and distribution - To prevent and control impacts to aquatic habitats include: Site power transmission towers and Alteration lines, and associated access roads and substations to avoid critical aquatic habitat (e.g. watercourses, wetlands, and riparian areas; facilities, may require construction of - Minimizing clearing and disruption to riparian vegetation. corridors crossing aquatic habitats that may disrupt watercourses and wetlands, and require the removal of riparian vegetation. Electric and Although there is public and scientific - Evaluating potential exposure to the public against the reference levels developed by the Magnetic Fields concern over the potential health effects International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Average and peak associated with exposure to EMF exposure levels should remain below the ICNIRP recommendation for General Public Exposure; (Electro Magnetic Field) (not only - Considering siting new facilities so as to avoid or minimize exposure to the public. Installation of high-voltage power lines and transmission lines or other high voltage equipment above or adjacent to residential properties or substations, but also from everyday other locations intended for highly frequent human occupancy, (e.g. schools or offices), should be household uses of electricity), there is avoided; no empirical data demonstrating - If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommended exposure limits, adverse health effects from exposure to application of engineering techniques should be considered to reduce the EMF produced by power typical EMF levels from power lines, substations, or transformers. Examples of these techniques include: Shielding with specific transmissions lines and equipment. metal alloys; Burying transmission lines; Increasing height of transmission towers; Modifications However, while the evidence of adverse to size, spacing, and configuration of conductors health risks is weak, it is still sufficient to warrant limited concern. Hazardous They include insulating oils / gases (e.g. - Replacing existing transformers and other electrical equipment containing PCB, and ensuring Materials Polychlorinated Biphenyls [PCB] and appropriate storage, decontamination, and disposal of contaminated units; sulfur hexafluoride [SF6], and fuels, in - Prior to final disposal, retired transformers and equipment containing PCB should be stored on a addition to chemicals or products for concrete pad with curbs sufficient to contain the liquid contents of these containers should they be wood preservation for poles and spilled or leaked. associated wood construction material. Page 97 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management The use of SF6 should be avoided due - The storage area should also have a roof to prevent precipitation from collecting in the storage to its potential GHGs potential effect. area. - Disposal should involve facilities capable of safely transporting and disposing of hazardous waste containing PCB. Wood The majority of wooden utility poles - Poles should be pre-treated at an appropriate facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent Preservatives are treated with pesticide preservatives leaching, and to impede the formation of surface residues at the right-of-way. to protect against insects, bacteria, and - Evaluating the cost and benefit of using alternative pole materials (e.g. steel, concrete, and fungi, and to prevent rot. The fiberglass); preservatives most commonly used for - Consider use of alternative preservatives (e.g. copper azote); power poles are oil-based pesticides - Undertake appropriate disposal of used poles. Landfill facilities should be capable of handling such as creosote, pentachlorophenol wastes that may have chemical leaching properties. (PCP), and chromated copper arsenate (CCA). Projects Located Eg: National Parks, Protected wetlands Ensure that any increase in pollution levels is as small as feasible and amounts to a fraction of - in Degraded and any protected area the applicable short-term and annual average air quality guidelines or standards as established in Airsheds or the project-specific environmental assessment. Ecologically - Relocation of significant sources of emissions outside the airshed in question, use of cleaner Sensitive Areas fuels or technologies, application of comprehensive pollution control measures, offset activities at installations controlled by the project sponsor or other facilities within the same airshed, and buy-down of emissions within the same airshed. Occupational Health and Safety: Mainly discussed in the general guidelines Live Power lines Workers may be exposed to - Only allowing trained and certified workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical equipment; occupational hazards from contact with - Deactivating and properly grounding live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity, to the lines; Page 98 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management live power lines during construction, - Ensuring that live-wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific maintenance, and operation activities. safety and insulation standards; - Workers should not approach an exposed energized or conductive part even if properly trained unless: The worker is properly insulated from the energized part with gloves or other approved insulation or the energized part is properly insulated from the worker and any other conductive object or the worker is properly isolated and insulated from any other conductive object (live- line work); - Where maintenance and operation are required within minimum setback distances, specific training, safety measures, personal safety devices, and other precautions should be defined in a health and safety plan; - Workers not directly associated with power transmission and distribution activities who are operating around power lines or power substations should adhere to local legislation, standards, and guidelines relating to minimum approach distances for excavations, tools, vehicles, pruning, and other activities; - Minimum hot stick distances may only be reduced provided that the distance remaining is greater than the distance between the energized part and a grounded surface. Working at Workers may be exposed to - Testing structures for integrity prior to undertaking work; height on poles occupational hazards when working at - Implementation of a fall protection program that includes training in climbing techniques and and structures elevation during construction, use of fall protection measures, inspection, maintenance, and replacement of fall protection maintenance, and operation activities. equipment and rescue of fall-arrested workers, among others; - Establishment of criteria for use of 100 percent fall protection (typically when working over 2 meters above the working surface, but sometimes extended to 7meters, depending on the activity). The fall protection system should be appropriate for the tower structure and necessary movements, including ascent, descent, and moving from point to point; Installation of fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection systems; - Provision of an adequate work-positioning device system for workers; Connectors on positioning systems should be compatible with the tower components to which they are attached; Page 99 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management Hoisting equipment should be properly rated and maintained and hoist operators properly trained; - Safety belts should be of not less than 16millimeters (mm)(5/8 inch) two-in-one nylon or material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts should be replaced before signs of aging or fraying of fibers become evident; When operating power tools at height, workers should use a second (backup) safety strap; - Signs and other obstructions should be removed from poles or structures prior to undertaking work; - An approved tool bag should be used for raising or lowering tools or materials to workers on structures. Electric and Electric utility workers typically have a - Identification of potential exposure levels in the workplace, including surveys of exposure levels magnetic fields higher exposure to EMF than the in new projects and the use of personal monitors during working activities; Electric and general public due to working in - Training of workers in the identification of occupational EMF levels and hazards; magnetic fields proximity to electric power lines - Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with (EMF) expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, limiting access to properly trained workers; - Implementation of action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Action plans to address occupational exposure may include limiting exposure time through work rotation, increasing the distance between the source and the worker, when feasible, or the use of shielding materials. Exposure to They include handling of pesticides - Train personnel to apply pesticides and ensure that personnel have received the necessary chemicals (herbicides) used for right–of-way certifications, or equivalent training where such certifications are not required; maintenance, and exposure to PCB in - Respect post-treatment intervals to avoid operator exposure during reentry to crops with residues transformers and other electrical of pesticides; components - Ensure hygiene practices are followed to avoid exposure of family members to pesticides residues. Page 100 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Effect Description Management Community Health and Safety Electrocution Hazards resulting from direct contact - Use of signs, barriers (e.g. locks on doors, use of gates, use of steel posts surrounding transmission with high-voltage electricity or from towers, particularly in urban areas), and education / public outreach to prevent public contact with contact with tools/device in contact potentially dangerous equipment; high voltage electricity. - Grounding conducting objects (e.g. fences or other metallic structures) installed near power lines, to prevent shock. Noise and Ozone Noise in the form of buzzing or - The management include to mitigate this impact during project planning stages to locate rights- humming can often be heard around of-way away from human receptors, to the extent possible and use of noise barriers or noise transformers or high voltage power cancelling acoustic devices should be considered as necessary. lines producing corona. Ozone, a colorless gas with a pungent odor, may also be produced. Neither the noise nor ozone produced by power distribution lines and transformer carries any known health effect Page 101 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 6.1.1.68. 4.5.2.2. Performance Indicators and Monitoring Environment: Environmental monitoring activities should be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the project. Monitoring frequency should be enough to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring data should be analysed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. Occupational Health and Safety: Projects should try to reduce the number of accidents among project workers (whether directly employed or subcontracted) to a rate of zero, especially accidents that could result in lost work time, different levels of disability, or even fatalities. Facility rates may be benchmarked against the performance of facilities in this sector in developed countries through consultation with published sources. Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents. 4.6. Compliance of the EAQIP Project with Rwandan Environmental Laws and Regulations The EAQIP was developed within the framework of strengthening the Rwandan energy sector which brought together a multitude of funding institutions which would form the Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) with 2 main blocks one led by the World Bank (EAQIP) the other led by the African Development Bank (TSRLMCP). Each block having a range of co-financiers and parallel financing institutions. The idea of having a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) came from the fact that the RUEAP was an important program with assumed environmental and social impacts that needed to be addressed strategically with a view to provide guidance to the different stakeholders in charge of the implementation of its different projects and sub-projects. The SEA was prepared in compliance with the Rwandan Law 48/2018 of 2018 governing the environment , was reviewed and approved by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA). The SEA demonstrated that environmental and social impacts generated by access projects are minimal and can be easily mitigated. Considering this conclusion, REMA authorized the use of Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plans (CESMPs) instead of full ESIA for MV and LV lines construction. In conformity with REMA’s directives contained the letter N0 2097/DECE/2021 (annex 18) giving REG/EDCL the clearance to use CESMPs during the implementation of MV and LV lines, EAQIP would give priority to Contractors ESMP that would be prepared in accordance with this updated ESMF especially its generic ESMP as well as the RUEAP’s SEA that was prepared for the program as above mentioned. All other activities under EAQIP that are not exempted by REMA will undergo a full ESIA. V. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1. Beneficial social and environmental impacts Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project implementation will have both positive and negative impacts. The ultimate project beneficiaries will be households, businesses, and public institutions in Rwanda through the following channels: (a) a portion of the currently unelectrified households will get electricity connections (on-grid or off-grid); (b) the quality and reliability of electricity services will improve, enabling households and businesses to make better and productive use Page 102 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) of electricity; (c) households using biomass for cooking are expected to get health and economic benefits by switching to cleaner cooking options and in particular women entrepreneurship will receive training from the component 4 on capacity building; and (d) a portion of currently unelectrified public institutions in Rwanda, including schools and health centres (all hospitals in Rwanda are electrified), will get electrified. Furthermore, by supporting electrification through solar off-grid solutions the project will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions if equivalent electricity were sourced from fossil fuel-based utility-scale power plants or emergency diesel power plants. REG will be a direct beneficiary of the project as it is expected to benefit from higher cost-recovery through improved operational efficiency (lower technical and commercial losses), and potentially higher revenues through increased electrification rate and improved quality of service. Finally, the GoR will benefit as improved cost- recovery for REG will ease the burden of fiscal transfers to REG, helping GoR to target other priority sectors, and a higher electrification rate and improved electricity services will help achieve the NST1 targets and consequently aid in economic growth. Only the component 4 as part of the Technical Assistance, extensive support will also be provided on the clean cooking component of the project, particularly on policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, including targeted training for women entrepreneurs. The significance of these impacts would vary depending on the individual subproject, its size and location. Page 103 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Table 12: Summary of potential positive environmental and social impacts Component Environmental Impacts Social Impacts 1 - The project will increase access to electricity, promote energy The EAQIP will bring various social benefits. Employment Component efficiency, and substitute fossil fuels, and offset carbon opportunities will be offered to skilled and non-skilled workers (Increasing access to emissions; hence ensuring a sustainable development. Therefore, during construction and operation phases and other employment grid electricity) the implementation of the project will reduce pressure on biomass opportunities benefiting from electricity connection. Income use and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, which would generating activities are expected to be created hence contributing have otherwise been generated for power generation of similar to poverty reduction and increasing revenues and sustaining social capacity. and economic development with women at the centers. In the long term, the successful implementation of this project will improve the - Furthermore, the project will lower the cost of economic quality of life including education, health and security. infrastructure such as communication, transportation and Component 2 distribution networks, financial institutions and markets and thus With transmission and distribution lines, there will be increased (Enhancing the boosting development processes. The quality of life of the capacity and reliability of power supply. This additional capacity efficiency of electricity beneficiaries in the project area will be improved hence reducing will have a positive impact by being able to meet the ever-rising service) power demand across the entire country. the exploitation of natural resources. - The project will upgrade Ntaruka and Nyabarongo I HPPs to With the upgrade of Nyabarongo I HHP, the power generation and make them more efficient and responsive on the grid load. The supply into the national grid will be more stable and reliable. This works will include also modernizing different systems and plant brings about an important amount of positives impacts that support parts at Nyabarongo I Hydro power plant. social economic areas such as education, health services, job creation, women empowerment through self employment, Component 3 education and health care to name but a few. (Increasing Access to Off-Grid Electricity, Clean Cooking For off-grid energy (Solar) under component 3: They are power- Solutions, and efficient and provide a brighter light than a traditional kerosene lamp. This facility offers rural families, especially women, extra Page 104 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Productive Uses of - The Solar Home System technology reduces the usage of the time to do household work as well as allowing them to work at Energy) kerosene lamp and small diesel generator, which has a direct night, and students are allowed more time to study and improve positive impact on the atmosphere as a SHS generates electricity their educational qualities. with no discharge of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NO), or sulfur dioxide (SO2), which negatively affect air quality and Through the adopted solar system, rural people can gather to watch amplifies the impact of global warming and climate change. different programs, movies and matches on the television which helps them in relaxing after hard-working times. Nowadays, - Improved cooking stoves also play a crucial role in reducing government organizations and NGOs disseminate health, nutrition, deforestation and a high dependency on wood fuel since improved family planning issues, and environmental development stove require a small amount of wood fuel for cooking and information through television, radio, and mobile phones. Using promote an efficient combustion of wood fuel, hence less this type of technology through SHS plays a vital role in rural emissions in the atmosphere. development. - Concerning clean cooking, disseminated clean cooking stoves play a crucial role in reducing the amount of time required to collect wood fuel since the improved stoves promote a considerable reduction of required wood fuel for cooking, hence not only reducing the time required to collect wood fuel but also reduces the cost for household purchasing wood fuel. Improved stoves also play a positive role in promoting Households good health since indoor pollution considerably reduces due to a proper control of emissions Page 105 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) - Sector performance improvements and forward-looking options for sector development; capacity building in planning, skills Component 4 development, audit and compliance; and policy and regulatory improvement and entrepreneurship development, including targeted (Technical assistance, training for women entrepreneurs (under clean cooking solutions). institutional capacity building, and - The policy and regulatory development/improvement part will comprise improving fuel/stove regulations, quality standards, testing implementation capacity, and tax/tariff policies to support clean cooking market development. support) - Employment creation through promotion of clean cooking stove use by reducing taxes to make them affordable to the community; - CO2 emissions reduction through the taxation increment on charcoal used by mass community and shift to the LPG and clean cooking stove with lower emissions compared to charcoal. - Reduction of population who depend on the firewood thereby reducing the pressure to the national forest use. Table 13: Summary of potential negative environmental and social impacts Component Activities Potential impacts Impacts during design and planning phase Component 1 Site selection, land acquisition, - Dispute and possible conflict over the land identified can arise owing to loss of crops, trees, (Increasing access to planning for civil, mechanical, absence of compensation and lack of dialogue with the Project Affected People (PAP). grid electricity engineering and electrical Component 2 specifications, equipment and - Poor selection of project site for the transmission or distribution lines and associated (Enhancing the substations/transformers can cause conflict over environmental degradation including the machineries to be procured, material efficiency of destruction of sensitive ecosystems or protected areas and physical displacement due to poor storage and waste disposal measures. electricity service) selection of tower location and substations associated to transmission lines. (Refer to annex 12 - Inadequate and poor designs and plans including storage of equipment and machinery and referring to EHS waste disposal can possibly cause environmental degradation. Unsafe storage of creosote Page 106 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts guidelines for treated poles is source of obnoxious odors for workers and general public. transmission and Polychlorobiphenils (PCBs) from transformers and capacitors at substations can cause soil distribution lines; and and water pollution if used. annex 13 addressing guidelines for management of solar panels and batteries including recycling/ safe disposal). Technical assistance such as sector The policy and regulatory development/improvement part will comprise improving fuel/stove Component 4: performance improvements and regulations, quality standards, testing capacity, and tax/tariff policies to support clean cooking (Technical assistance, forward-looking options for sector market development. The adverse environmental and social impact foreseen: institutional capacity development; capacity building in building, and planning, skills development, audit and - Increasing CO2 emissions due to the promoted fuel type. implementation compliance; and policy and regulatory - Increasing the pressure on the forest through increasing population depending on the support) improvement and entrepreneurship firewood due to the increased and unaffordable prices. development, including targeted - Loss of employment for people who were working previously in the charcoal sector due (Refer to subsection training for women entrepreneurs to the increment in taxation on the charcoal. 5.2 and annex 5 r (under clean cooking solutions), which regarding detailed will complement Component 3. mitigation measures) Adverse Impacts during construction phase 1 The construction of MV and LV lines Negatives impacts related to component 1 Component (Increasing access to can generate negative impacts related to : grid electricity Page 107 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Excavation - Pose public health related issues such as HIV/AIDS, communicable and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) due to labor influx. - Waste management - Risk of GBV and SEA within the project area - Health and safety issues for workers and the community - To disrupt local communities, causing inconvenience due to noise, dust, road closures, and changes in traffic patterns. - Land use changes can result in the displacement of communities, loss of agricultural land, or disruption of natural habitats. - Disturbance or destruction of archaeological or culturally significant sites, causing a loss of heritage. Component 2 - Involuntary resettlement can result in the loss of homes, disruption of social networks, (Enhancing the Rehabilitation of Hydropower plant and challenges in adapting to new environments. efficiency of (Ntaruka and Nyabarongo I) and electricity service) substations (Rwabusoro and Shango) - The influx of workers and increased demand for goods and services may strain local including construction activities for bus resources and infrastructure. (Refer to annexes 11 bars, gantry structures towers, and 12 for transformers involves site earthworks - Noise pollution from construction machines and vehicles, accidents and hazards for both environmental and which involve site preparation, workers and general public from erection of steel poles, manual transportation of the social management clearing, stripping, grading, soil wooden poles at long distance, cutting and concrete work. Injuries can result from trips tools for addressing removal, backfilling, compacting, use and falls and other physical and mechanical hazards. the potential impacts) of construction material sourcing areas (quarry and borrow pits), disposal of - Particulate matter pollution during site clearance, excavation and spreading of topsoil surplus, landscaping, shoring as during construction and exposure to diseases from construction materials can affect site required and final site cleanup. workers and general public. Page 108 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - The excavation and construction activities may also affect physical cultural properties by displacement, damage or loss of structure from RoW location site. - Generation of solid waste such as packaging materials, plastics, scrap metal, timber remain demolition waste from substations Rehabilitation and dumping around the site and in construction camps can pose threat to environment and public health. - Pollution of soil and water can also be generated from machinery fuel and lubricants contamination from accidental spills or unsound disposal or handling. In particular, transformers can experience a leak arising from a fault, poor handling and vandalism. These leaks may result in potential contamination of surface and groundwater as well as soil. - Clearing of indigenous vegetation and disturbance to biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem functions. - Excavation works for site preparation, access roads, and poles installation are likely to cause loss of soil cover. - Construction materials sourcing areas that include quarry and borrow pits sites are also likely to cause soil disturbance and soil erosion. - Traffic disruption due to the constructions site location when it is in the proximity of the main road, for the entry and exist of material supplying trucks. - Additional demand for water and other resources required for every day life in addition to the existing demand due to different demanding activities which can impact the price on commodities and pressure on resources. - Erosion due to the removal of vegetation cover for site preparation before cropping; Page 109 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - labour camps may be a source of wastes including human ones posing the potential risk of poor sanitation; - If not properly managed and disposed of, these types of wastes can create inconveniences; become breeding sites for water disease and their leachate pollute surface and ground water sources. - During construction activities, mainly on the component 2, the construction of transmission lines and rehabilitation of substation will generate dust. - Transportation of materials to site will also generate dust. Decommissioning of existing structures can also create dust that is potentially hazardous. Increase in soil water erosion and water contamination. - Sedimentation caused by Gravel/soil brought for any filling purposes and soil removed during site preparation which can be washed off to nearby streams, wetlands, rivers and low-lying areas. - Soil erosion may lead to sedimentation in rivers and wetland located downstream. Wastewater generated during construction and from labour camps can also contaminate drinking water sources. health risks and safety of workers and community - Accidental collisions with moving vehicles, strains from repeated movements or from lifting and heaving of heavy objects, slips and falls. - Children dropping out the school to seek for the job. - Forced labour. - Children exploitation and abuse. - Gender Based Violence. - Road’s accidents putting the community at risk. Page 110 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Risk of communicable diseases including sexual transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases among workers and the community. - Accidental cuts from tools and machines are also safety risks. - Wet cement as an electronic material is corrosive on contact to with human skin. - Poor maintenance and hygiene in toilet may be sources of fly infestation and other pathogens that may cause water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery and typhoid fever. E&S negative impacts related to the substations and upgrading of Ntaruka and Nyabarongo I HPP - Land Use and Habitat Disruption: Substation construction and upgrade of Nyabarongo I HPP may lead to the clearing of vegetation and disruption of natural habitats. This can affect local biodiversity and ecosystems. - Soil and Water Contamination: The presence of electrical equipment and substances used in the substation can pose risks of soil and water contamination. Spillages of oil or other hazardous substances may occur during maintenance activities. - Noise and Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs): Substation and HPP operations can generate noise, and the electromagnetic fields associated with high-voltage equipment may raise concerns about potential health impacts on nearby residents and wildlife. - Visual Impact: The presence of large substations and HPPs can have visual impacts on the landscape. Visual intrusion may affect the aesthetics of the surrounding area and potentially impact property values. - Waste Generation: Construction and maintenance activities can generate waste, including hazardous materials such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) from old equipment. Proper disposal and management of waste are critical to mitigate environmental harm. - Dust and Air Quality: Construction activities may generate dust, affecting air quality in the vicinity. Proper dust control measures are essential to mitigate these impacts. Page 111 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Community Disruption: Substation and HPP upgrade activities and operation can disrupt local communities, leading to temporary inconveniences such as noise, traffic disruptions, and changes in visual aesthetics. - Public Health Concerns: Concerns about electromagnetic fields and potential health impacts may arise among nearby residents. Effective communication and public education are essential to address these concerns. - Property Values: Proximity to a substation and HPP may lead to concerns about property values due to visual impacts, noise, and perceived health risks. - Cultural and Heritage Impact: Substation and HPP upgrading activities in areas with cultural or historical significance may lead to the disturbance or destruction of archaeological sites or heritage assets. - Used PCBs containing transformer to be replaced: The waste generated and leaked oil is harmful to the environment. In this regard, the use of PCBs will be prohibited on the project. - Potential health risks from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from high-voltage equipment. E&S impacts associated with distribution line construction The construction and operation of transmission lines for electrical power can have various environmental and social impacts. These impacts can vary based on the characteristics of the transmission line, such as its route, voltage, technology, and the surrounding environment. - Land Use and Habitat Disruption: The construction of t distribution lines may require clearing vegetation and disrupting natural habitats. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity and changes in local ecosystems. - Soil Erosion and Runoff: Construction activities can disturb soil, leading to erosion and increased runoff. Sedimentation in nearby water bodies can harm aquatic ecosystems. Page 112 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Noise and Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs: Transmission and distribution lines can generate noise during construction and operation. Concerns may arise about the potential health impacts of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) associated with high-voltage lines. - Vegetation Management: To maintain clearances and prevent vegetation from interfering with power lines, vegetation management activities such as tree trimming or removal may be necessary. - Waste Generation: Construction activities generate waste materials, including potentially hazardous substances. Proper disposal and management of construction waste are essential to prevent environmental harm. - Wildlife Disturbance: Construction activities and the presence of transmission and distribution lines can disturb wildlife, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. Mitigation measures may be needed to minimize disruptions. - Corridor Fragmentation: The construction of transmission and distribution line corridors can fragment natural landscapes, impacting wildlife movement and contributing to habitat isolation. - Community Disruption: Construction activities may disrupt local communities, causing noise, traffic disruptions, and changes in the visual landscape. These disruptions can lead to inconvenience for residents. - Property Values: The presence of transmission and distribution lines may be perceived negatively by residents, potentially impacting property values in the vicinity. - Public Health Concerns: Concerns may arise among nearby residents about potential health risks associated with electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from high-voltage transmission lines. - Increase in soil erosion and sedimentation caused by land clearance and inadequate management of construction waste. ( - Component 3: (Increasing Access to Page 113 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts Off-Grid Electricity, Clean Cooking Solutions for schools, and Productive Uses of Energy) - Poor planning of the end use of solar Home system and Clean cooking stove may result in environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) or toxic - Stakeholder consultation, needs pollutants in landfills. assessment, Subsidy calibration per social classes, defining - Environmental Degradation (either mass deforestation due to the energy to be used in the breaches under component 3, stove, habitat destruction) and land acquisition caused by the kind of technology chosen. determining effective aftersales principles and technology choice Impacts during operation phase All components During operation phase, activities - Bush/Vegetation clearance due to the maintenance of right of way. (Refer to annexes 11- include maintenance of infrastructure - Potential social adverse impacts include of electrocution, bite by snake or other insects, 14 for environmental such as transmission, distribution lines, injury for workers and general public and risk of accidents to life property. and social solar home system and HPP. management tools for - Water and soil pollution and risk on biodiversity due to the disposal of used creosote addressing the treated wooden poles. potential impacts) Page 114 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Potential environmental and social risks from the distribution, storage and final disposal of used batteries containing hazardous waste; and disposal/recycling of solar panels. - Health and safety risks related to the maintenance of infrastructure from EMF, fire hazards, electrocution, falling from height, being cuts from sharp objects among others. - Leachates from transformers contain PCBs that are harmful to the environment. - Environmental and social impacts of Clean cooking solutions may results from resource use inefficiency related to local production and use of clean cookstove solutions and new regulations on taxes as part of TA and these include: Increasing CO2 emissions due to the promoted fuel type; Increasing the pressure on the forest through increasing population depending on the firewood due to the increased and unaffordable prices; Loss of employment for people who were working previously in the charcoal sector due to the increment in taxation on the charcoal; Unemployment due to the taxation increase on charcoal and decrease on the clean cooking stove due the promotion of environmental protection through energy efficiency. - Ntaruka HPP may have potential impacts and risks on aquatic biodiversity conservation and management of living natural resources, surrounding and downstream communities and ecological flow. It can also produce hazardous and non-hazardous wastes, and reservoir sedimentation. Component 3 -Off-grid solar connections to reach E&S negative impacts associated with solar connections and clean cooking stove: (Increasing Access to poorer more remote areas and clean The introduction and promotion of clean cooking stoves, designed to use cleaner and more Off-Grid Electricity, cooking solutions efficient fuels, can have various environmental and social impacts. These impacts are generally Clean Cooking positive compared to traditional cooking methods that rely on solid fuels like wood or charcoal. Solutions, and However, the specific outcomes can depend on factors such as the design of the stoves, the type Productive Uses of Page 115 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts Energy) i.e., Sub- of fuel used, local contexts, and the extent of adoption. Some of the negative impacts associated component 3a, 3b, 3c include among others: and 3d Potential environmental, social and safety risks during transportation, installation, and operation (Refer to annexes 11 (e.g., skin cuts caused by metal materials composing manufactured stoves, fire and explosion and 12 for the risks among others); environmental and social management Progressive loss of forest cover due to the need of biomass used in clean cooking systems (e.g., tools for managing the Tier 3 type of cooking stoves); potential impacts of component 3) The manufacturing process of clean cooking stoves and their components can contribute to resource depletion. Additionally, improper disposal at the end of the stove's life cycle can result in environmental pollution; The manufacturing process of clean cooking stoves may generate emissions and pollutants contributing to air and environmental pollution in general; Lack of access to spare parts, repair services, or technical expertise can lead to difficulties in maintaining or repairing clean cooking stoves. This may result in abandoned or underutilized stoves; E&S negative Impacts associated to the use of off grid/ Solar Home system: Solar Home Systems have considerable positive impacts when it comes to environmental protection and socio-economic benefits. However, when the disposal and recycling of spent batteries or other produced E-waste is not well managed, and when there is lack of technological proficiency and poor after-sales facility, the following constraints are suspected to take place: Poor disposal of spent batteries: In most cases due to poor after-sale facility by Solar Home System providers and lack of knowledge about proper disposal of E-waste by SHS users, spent Page 116 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts batteries end up in landfills and open dumping. As the battery casing corrodes, chemicals end up leaching into the ground water from where they contaminate the water bodies. Acid and lead particulates could also contaminate the soil and become airborne when dry; Health-wise, cadmium and nickel are known human carcinogens, lead has been linked to birth defects and to neurological and developmental damage, and mercury is also highly toxic, especially in vapor form. Excessive levels of lead can affect a child’s growth, cause brain damage, harm kidneys, impair hearing and induce behavioral problems, and in adults, lead can cause memory loss and lower the ability to concentrate as well as harm the reproductive system. Lack of Technical Support: Solar Home Systems are anticipated to have technical problems such as power failures caused by poor battery quality, bad solar panel positioning, over-usage of the system, and many more. After-sale facility by system providers should be effective enough to avoid any case where users complain that awaiting the time for fixing a SHS difficulty is too large. Insufficient technical personnel and poor technical knowledge about the system by users can easily decrease the chance of SHS adoption; High Initial Investment and Repair Cost: The initial down payment investment cost can become a huge investment to poor households. Furthermore, the costs of battery replacement after 3-5 years might be a crucial financial problem to the poor users. The cost of a SHS could be identified as one of the main difficulties especially when it comes to the initial down-payment and monthly payments. A notable limitation of the poor users could be that the smallest monthly installment can be a comparatively immense amount for the poor rural peoples, while kerosene can be bought easily in lesser amounts at low prices day-to-day; Technical and Maintenance Problems: Solar panels can face a problem of not generating electricity up to its optimum capacity because of several issues including bad quality of silicon cell, shaded by trees, solar panels slowly facing damage by UV rays, rains, mud, temperatures Page 117 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts variations, storm, and winds. In addition, maintenance problems such as not cleaning the panel surface frequently can occur and consequently cause deep layers of dirt to gather on the panel surface, hence causing a fall in power production. - Battery charging issues: It is also anticipated that some users will not be able to fully charge their batteries throughout the rainy season or foggy weather conditions. Thus, the user is required to consume carefully and sometimes experience power failure. This can be a setback to users and can easily slow the adoption of the system. Decommissioning phase Component 1, 2 and 3 Activities include dismantling of - infrastructure of transmission lines, (Refer to annexes 11- removal of storage facilities, disposal - Contamination of ground and surfaces water resources through unsound disposal of used 14 for the of spent batteries, CFLs and cookstoves CFLs which are hazardous to the soil and ground resources especially if disposed environmental and indiscriminately. social management tools for managing the - Dismantling of transformers is likely to cause noise and generate dust impacts and waste potential impacts of debris from equipment including oil spills and different hazardous materials. this phase) - Poor disposal of old and unfunctional cookstoves and solar home systems in bound to cause environmental pollution is uneffectively disposed in the open environment, hence polluting both soil and water resources and could also cause human health issues once in contact with toxic substances composing disseminated solar home systems/cookstoves. - Illegal dismantling and recycling of E-waste produced from both the clean cooking and off-grid electricity program could cause the risk of legal penalties which can affect the financial performance of financed projects/companies. Page 118 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) Component Activities Potential impacts - Poor management of old or used cooking stoves Page 119 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project (EAQIP) 5.2. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) For the purposes of this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), the activities in the EAQIP that are likely to have adverse impacts are mainly expected to arise from the EAQIP components activities. Mitigation measures involve avoiding of impact altogether, minimizing the impact, rectifying the impact and gradual elimination of impact over time. Depending on the nature, these measures will be implemented by all stakeholders and REG will oversee the overall coordination of its implementation Mitigation measures are twofold: biophysical and socio-economic. Bio-physical measures relate to issues of project siting, re-vegetation and preventive measures like bush clearing, erosion, sedimentation and pollution control and good construction practices, proper waste management, Setting regulatory that promotes environmental preservation for component four which will involve new regulations and taxation policy, and application of Environmental Guidelines for Contractors. Socio-economic measures will include education and awareness, hygiene and sanitation training, rules and regulations and institutional support (including skills training and knowledge transfer) and avoiding to the extent possible the physical relocation of the Project affected People (PAPs), where not possible, PAPs should be fully compensated in compliance with World Bank ESS5, and National Expropriation Law 32/2015 of 11/6/2015 concerning the expropriation in public interest. The following table provides the generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and gives a link between the impacts of project activities and the mitigation measures put in place to minimize the adverse impacts and enhance the positive impacts during different project phases. Page 120 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Table 14: Environmental and Social Management Plan 6.1.1.69. 5.2.1. Planning and design phase Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsib Cost Estimates components/ ility (USD) Activities Temporally Land Dispute and possible conflict Ensure that the land identified for the project is acquired as per the EDCL Included in the Acquisition/Per over the land identified can requirements of the Government of Rwanda and World Bank guidelines contract manent land arise owing absence of in relation to land acquisition, resettlement and compensation EDCL- acquisition, compensation and dialogue Involve and meaningfully engage the PAPs, general public including PCU, physical with the PAPs. administration, and local/traditional leaders in the transparent Contractor displacement and acquisition of the land. s assets loss PAPs should be compensated prior to construction work and be given enough time to relocate where physical displacement is involved and this should be done in compliance with ESS5 of WB on Involuntary resettlement. Utilize the RPF document available and develop RAP to be used in temporary acquisition of the land and outline how the assets loss will be compensated. Site Selection Poor selection of project site Avoid construction sites in or near sensitive ecosystems where Possible. EDCL Included in the for the substation sites, RoW Any activity that is located within the sensitive ecosystem or protected EDCL- contract transmission and area, should ensure that any increase in pollution levels is as small as PCU, distribution lines and be an feasible, and amounts to a fraction of the applicable short-term and BRD, environmental degradation annual average air quality guidelines or standards as established in the MINEDU threat project-specific environmental assessment. Do not select land that C that include the destruction of contravenes the regulations of the Government of Rwanda in relation to sensitive ecosystems such as natural resources and sensitive ecosystems wetlands or protected areas Where there is no alternative for ROW in wetland ecosystems, ensure that existing water flow regimes and irrigation channels is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being Page 121 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsib Cost Estimates components/ ility (USD) Activities carried out. Procurement Poor recruitment of Solar companies should submit certificates of good working relationship (tendering, bidding contractors without with Enviro serve company which oversees e-waste management and selection) environmental and social including recycling options in Rwanda. consideration affect the They should submit the waste management Plan for spent solar panels and implementation. batteries before being awarded contracts by the PIU. Plan Designs Poor designs of plans, - Conduct Environmental and Social Audit or Environmental and inadequate equipment and Social Impact Assessment before the initiation of upgrading machinery specification activities at Ntaruka and Nyabarongo I HPP to determine potential impacts associated with upgrading activities and Inadequate and poor designs establish appropriate mitigation measures, aligned with the and plans including World Bank ESF and relevant EHS Guidelines. equipment and machinery - Prepare CESMPs before the construction of power (MV) lines. can possibly cause - Ensure during planning and design to incorporate environmental environmental degradation sound design concepts as appropriate. All designs, equipment and occupational hazards and machineries including solar systems to be procured should include instructions on their environmental specifications and requirements. - All instructions or planning for civil, mechanical, engineering and electrical specifications including technical specifications must have stringent environmental obligations in accordance with the World Bank Group guidelines (such as WBG EHS guidelines), international or local guidelines whichever emerges as stringent in terms of environmental and social requirements. - Ensure that the design complies with safety protocols to protect both workers and the surrounding communities. Page 122 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsib Cost Estimates components/ ility (USD) Activities Documentation of availability of specific personal protective - equipment and training needed to respond to an emergency. Job safety analysis to identify specific potential occupational hazards and industrial hygiene surveys, as appropriate, to monitor and verify chemical exposure levels, and compare with applicable occupational exposure standards. - Design should be done by considering the line routes and project locations where the environmental and social impact is the lowest. This includes careful consideration of sensitive ecosystems, local communities, and any potential impacts on biodiversity. Ensure that the design takes into account potential climate-related hazards, such as floods or droughts, that could affect the long-term sustainability of the project. Poor planning of worksite Preliminary environmental and social assessment studies that include Contractor Included in the waste management posing environmental impact assessment, planned mitigation measures, s contract threat to environment and compensation measures as well as monitoring and follow up public health Programs Technical assistance, Poor planning and setting - Reviewing taxes of cook stoves equipment by putting in this sector REG Included in policy and regulatory the regulations without the intensive that will make the cook stove affordable to the RURA Technical improvement considering environmental community. RSB Assistance budget and social impact of the - The energy source/fuel to be used in the cook stove should be MoE, regulations. tested for the emissions and the biomass with lower emissions MINEDU Unemployment due to the shall be used. C taxation increase on - Reducing the tax of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) which will REMA charcoal and decrease on the reduce the buying price to the community, which will help to clean cooking stove due the reduce the pressure on the forest. Page 123 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsib Cost Estimates components/ ility (USD) Activities promotion of environmental - Increasing the tax on charcoal which is massively used by the protection through energy community to reduce by the half the population who depends on efficiency. firewood. - People who previously should be given the alternative and priority in the promoted fuel eg: Clean cooking stove Page 124 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 6.1.1.70. 5.2.2. Construction phase Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities Construction of Loss of vegetation and potential - Environmental guidelines as stipulated in the Included in new access roads soil erosion, siltation contract specifically: Implement soil erosion EDCL contract to or from Fugitive dust may be emitted control measures such as protecting stockpiles Construction existing road for from through the use of silt fencing. Reduced slope Contractors, transportation of construction works and angles should be used to minimize soil erosion EDCL-PCU the poles, stockpiles of materials including during construction or to avoid surface run off transformers and machinery as well as from truck and preventing siltation other accessories traffic. This could cause health - Additional plantation and embankment related impacts to the using removed topsoil is recommended near communities around and sensitive locations workers in the project site - Conversion of access roads to new routes and roads - The dirt roads and exposed construction areas Stockpile and should be moisturized during the dry season to construction waste, increased prevent or minimize the fugitive dust emissions. water use, generation of - Storage areas should be located outside of the wastewater Noise pollution from habitation area Environmental and compliance construction machines and monitoring by environmental officers Workers in vehicles, the project site must be equipped with the necessary and required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) prescribed by the construction industry Accidents and hazards for both - Ensure safe design of the network structures workers and general public from Page 125 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities erection of steel poles - Provide provision to keep people away from the concrete work. Injuries can working site result from trips and falls and other physical and - Establish a Health and Safety construction plan mechanical hazards. covering all activities in compliance with the best Loss of livelihoods such Health and Safety Working practices/conditions. as crop, trees - Provide insurance to workers. - Provide adequate PPE for all workers and spare items for visitors. - Provide FIRST AID kits and have among the personnel persons having competencies in first aid assistance. - compensation of assets to be damaged including crops and trees. Page 126 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities Noise Noise and Vibrations from - Construction activities for upgrading of Included in the Equipment Operation Nyabarongo I HPP, substations and power lines EDCL contract Noise from construction activity will be carried out during daylight hours. If power may be significant. outages are required, it may be necessary to carry Construction out some works at night or weekends. In such Contractors, cases, the local population will be informed sufficiently in advance (minimum 48 hours prior) through local media, or community meetings. - All workers in the project site must be equipped with the necessary and required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) prescribed by the construction industry but not limited to facilities to protect against noise impacts (earplugs or earmuffs for high-noise activities), safety helmets, boots, dust masks, gloves, overall, goggles etc. - Implement traffic management plans to reduce vehicle speeds (stick to recommended speeds) in populated areas. Signage should be placed to ensure compliance with recommended speed limits in construction zones. - For workers noise levels shall be kept below 80 dB (A), wherever possible, following best practice guidelines for noise control. In case of exceeding this value, hearing protections must be provided to workers and warning signs must be installed in Page 127 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities high-noise areas. Regular noise monitoring should be conducted to ensure compliance. - Notify nearby residents and businesses at least 24 hours in advance if particularly noisy activities are anticipated. Health and safety Accidents at workplace during - Development of an EHSP for the construction construction from operating of phase, in advance of construction activities EDCL, Included in machineries and equipment by - Development of EHSP for the construction phase EUCL construction costs workers (shall include Waste Management Plan), in advance of construction activities Construction - Implementation of health and safety workshops for Contractor construction workers - Hire only experienced workers for specific jobs, such as working at heights, handling large equipment and machinery, handling hazardous material, which required highly specialized training. Train workers accordingly regarding working at heights, electrical safety, vehicular safety, handling of Page 128 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities hazardous materials, PPE, use of first aid and rescue techniques, emergency response, poisonous snakes etc. Provide first aid kits and fire extinguishers at all Project sites Forbid alcohol and other drugs at construction sites Limit occupational exposure to EMF (Electro Magnetic Field) by use of shielding materials, and train workers accordingly. The employer should ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work. All workers entering the construction site must be Page 129 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities equipped with PPE including goggle, factory boots, overalls, gloves, dust masks, among others. The PPE should be those that meeting the international standards of PPE. Community Health and Safety - Ensure that traffic is not interfered by construction through proper traffic management - Notification of the public on upcoming construction, in advance of construction period - Public education and outreach efforts to provide information about hazard awareness, upcoming construction activities, safety measures, reporting unsafe conditions and environmental impacts, in advance of construction period - Inform population along public roads in advance in case of transporting heavy equipment - Provide adequate security measures to prevent accidents and injury (e.g. keeping speed limits on public roads, grounding objects) - Provide adequate security to prevent public access to the substations, work sites, hazardous materials and waste Traffic. Risks from Traffic Disruption, - Collaborate with local communities about traffic Construction Included in the Page 130 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities Congestion and/or Road and pedestrian safety, in advance of construction Contractors, EAQIP, contract Accidents period. Coordination Unit. Dust and Air Emissions and Ambient Air - Reduction of speed and limited movement of Air Quality) vehicles EDCL Emission - Use dust-suppressing water on unpaved roads, e.g. Construction spraying of water with watering trucks in advance Contractors, of transportation activities - Cover truck beds with tarps during material transport - Use dust-suppressing water spray during civil works, where necessary Store and handle material appropriately to limit dust (e.g. protect cement with tarpaulins) - Use equipment with dust suction devices in enclosed spaces during civil works, where necessary Cultural heritage Establishment of distribution - Consultation should be undertaken with local EDCL demolition, lines can lead to unearthing authorities and communities to ensure that potential should make contacts cemeteries genocide sites hence cause genocide memorial sites are avoided. with local authorities cultural strife. - Accidental unearthing of such sites should be and engage good culturally handled in accordance with the cultural collaborations. sites and requirements. - Avoid sitting infrastructure where people will be disturbed and where resettlement could be an issue. Page 131 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities - Chance find procedures attached to this document on annex 11 will be followed in any archeological or culture heritage property is found. Excavation and Destruction of physical cultural - All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to EDCL Included in the construction may property such as graves, found minimize impact on cultural properties which should make contacts project cost. cause the damage Archaeological Property among includes cultural sites and remains, places of with local authorities and loss of culture others worship including temples, mosques, churches and and engage good properties. shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other collaborations. important structures as identified during design and all properties / sites / remains notified. No work shall spillover to these properties, premises and precincts. - The Contractor will be responsible for familiarizing themselves with the “Chance Finds Procedures” in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities, including, annex 11. - Stop work immediately following the discovery of any materials with possible archeological, historical, paleontological, or other cultural value, announce findings to project manager and notify relevant authorities; - Protect artifacts as well as possible using plastic covers, and implement measures to stabilize the area, if necessary, to properly protect artifacts; Page 132 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities - Prevent and penalize any unauthorized access to the artifacts; and - Restart construction works only upon the authorization of the relevant authorities. - The Chance Finds Procedures have been prepared to remedy such issues; Destruction of Impact on existing - Destruction of the existing infrastructures should be EDCL Included in the existing infrastructures (water pipelines, avoided Contractor contract infrastructures existing power lines, - In case of transmission line or other infrastructures telecommunications is damaged, the project will repair the damages and lines, fiber optic) remove it in other appropriate site Soil and Water Harmful and - Regular maintenance of all vehicles and machines EDCL Included in contract pollution dangerous/Hazardous material at regular service stations, if possible Contractor - Maintenance and re-fueling of the construction equipment only on sealed and enclosed areas - Store all liquid materials (e.g. fuel, engine oil, etc.) and lubricants in locked tanks and on sealed and roofed areas - Store construction material as bags of cement etc. in containers in order to avoid rinsing out - Provide proper sanitation facilities - Design bunds around and oil collecting system beneath transformers to prevent contamination of soil and groundwater Page 133 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities - Remove contaminated soil if spills occur and handle as hazardous waste - Collect contaminated spill materials and manage as hazardous waste - Prior to final disposal, retired transformers and equipment containing PCB should be stored on a concrete pad with curbs sufficient to contain the liquid contents of these containers should they be spilled or leaked. The storage area should also have a roof to prevent precipitation from collecting in the storage area. Disposal should involve facilities capable of safely transporting and disposing of hazardous waste containing PCB. - The NTARUKA HPP has Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) and should be handled safely by: Training of staff who can potentially meet the material to avoid damage and prevent exposure. - The asbestos removal should comply with the Prime Minister’s Instructions determining procedure for eradication of asbestos materials...52N° 002/03 of 05/05/2015. Risks from Waste Non-hazardous waste generated - Construction contractor will have to clarify with EDCL Included in the at construction and local authorities, where different kind of wastes Contractor. contract decommissioning sites includes may be disposed off. excess fill materials from - Development of Waste Management Plan within Page 134 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities grading and excavation the contractor’s ESMP activities, scrap wood and - Train workers in handling and disposal of metals, and small concrete recyclable, sanitary, solid, liquid and hazardous spills. Other non-hazardous waste Segregate hazardous waste and store in solid wastes include office suitable drums or containers in secure facilities wastes. Hazardous waste (fitted with roofs, concreting, bunds etc.), and includes contaminated soils, clearly identify hazardous waste which could potentially be - Dispose of oil-contaminated soil in adequate encountered on-site due to storage facilities previous land use activities, or - Store scrap metal (iron, steel, copper, etc.) onsite small amounts of machinery for later recycling including material already maintenance materials, such as stored onsite. oily rags, used oil filters, and - Establishing waste management priorities at the used oil, as well as spill cleanup outset of activities based on an understanding of materials from oil and fuel potential Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) spills. risks and impacts and considering waste generation and its consequences - Establishing a waste management hierarchy that considers prevention, reduction, reuse, recovery, recycling, removal and finally disposal of wastes. - Avoiding or minimizing the generation waste materials, as far as practicable - Where waste generation cannot be avoided but has been minimized, recovering and reusing waste; - Where waste cannot be recovered or reused, Page 135 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities treating, destroying, and disposing of it in an environmentally sound manner Social Impacts - Prioritize employment of local people for EDCL Included in construction works (skilled and unskilled workers) Contractor. contract - Improve recruitment of women for construction works - Health awareness workshops for workers by a health expert. Develop and implement a Grievance Redress Mechanism GBV (Gender based Violence) - The contractor should attend and actively EDCL Included in the /SEA (Sexual Exploitation partake in training courses related to OHS, Contractor; contact Abuse)/SH (Sexual HIV/AIDS, GBV and VAC as requested by my GBV Task force Harassment)/VAC (violence employer. against children) - Adhere to a zero-alcohol policy during work activities, and refrain from the use of illegal substances at all times. - Consent to a police background check. - Treat women, children (persons under the age of 18), and men with respect regardless of race, color, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. - Not use language or behavior towards women, children or men that is inappropriate, harassing, Page 136 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Project Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Estimates components/ (USD) Activities abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate. - Not participate in sexual contact or activity with children—including grooming or contact through digital media. - Mistaken belief regarding the age of a child is not a defense. - Consent from the child is also not a defense or excuse. - Not engage in sexual harassment—for instance, making unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct, of a sexual nature, including subtle acts of such behavior. - Consider reporting through the GRM (Grievance Redress Mechanism) or to my manager any suspected or actual GBV or VAC by a fellow worker, whether employed by my employer or not, or any breaches of this Code of Conduct. 6.1.1.71. 5.2.3. Operation phase Page 137 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimate s (USD) Operation of Employee and - Develop Environmental Health and Safety Plan (EHSP) and implement it conveniently. EUCL Maintena maintenance Public Health are - Erect fire walls between or at new transformers foreseen in switchyard of s/s YTPC to nce cost at risk of fire prevent spreading of fire in case of an accident. - Storing flammables away from ignition sources and oxidizing materials. - Providing bonding and grounding of, and between, containers and additional mechanical floor level ventilation if materials are being, or could be, dispensed in the storage area - Where the flammable material is mainly comprised of dust, providing electrical grounding, spark detection, and, if needed, quenching systems - Defining and labelling fire hazards areas to warn of special rules (e.g. prohibition in use of smoking materials, cellular phones, or other potential spark generating equipment) - Providing specific worker training in handling of flammable materials, and in fire prevention or suppression Electric and Electric and - Shifts will be used to avoid long exposure to electromagnetic field during line and EUCL Maintena magnetic fields magnetic fields substations maintenance. nce cost - Evaluating potential exposure to the public against the reference levels developed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Average and peak exposure levels should remain below the ICNIRP recommendation for General Public Exposure; - Considering siting new facilities so as to avoid or minimize exposure to the public. Installation of transmission lines or other high voltage equipment above or adjacent to residential properties or other locations intended for highly frequent human occupancy, (e.g. schools or offices), should be avoided; - If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommended exposure limits, application of engineering techniques should be considered to reduce the EMF produced Page 138 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimate s (USD) by power lines and substations. Examples of these techniques include: Shielding with specific metal alloys; Burying transmission lines; Increasing height of transmission towers; Modifications to size, spacing, and configuration of conductors Solid waste Little if any solid - All left over conductor cuttings to be disposed appropriately or be returned to the store EUCL Maintena waste will be for proper disposal. nce cost generated which - Proper budgeting of materials to reduce wastage practice 3 Rs of waste management: includes reduce, reuse, recycle of materials conductor and tree - Properly manage storage, transfer, and disposal of transformer oils according cuttings to industry standards Page 139 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimate s (USD) Ntaruka and Reservoir - Carry out of watershed management in the reservoir area to minimize erosion and EDCL Maintenan Nyabarongo I sedimentation; sedimentation in the Ntaruka reservoir; and Maximize useful life of the reservoir through Contractor ce cost HPPs operation. Changes to continuous monitoring and use of sedimentation model for calculation of reservoir EUCL hydrological flow, sedimentation; Downstream - Maintain downstream flow through allowing the minimum ecological flow rate and community may be following approved reservoir operation procedures. affected, - Ensure proper waste management and use RURA licensed companies for waste sedimentation may collection and transportation to specific dumpsites on a regular basis. (For more about affect biodiversity waste management plan refer annex 14) and production of Hazardous and non- hazardous wastes 6.1.1.72. 5.2.4. Decommissioning Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimates (USD) Transformers, Waste Debris from Equipment and - Ensure all the machines and equipment are disposed in the right EDCL Included in cables Machines places, Explore available recycling opportunities. decommiss ioning cost Page 140 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimates (USD) CFLs Likely to lead to ground and surface - Develop a waste disposal plan for the disposal of the CFL EDCL Included Poor water contamination. CFLs contain lamps. disposal mercury a hazardous heavy - Replacing existing transformers and other electrical equipment in of used metal (substance) that is harmful to containing PCB, and ensuring appropriate storage, decommiss CFLs aquatic resources, decontamination, and disposal of contaminated units; ioning cost soil resources and human population. - Prior to final disposal, retired transformers and equipment Soil contamination is a likely adverse containing PCB should be stored on a concrete pad with curbs impact if the CFLs are dumped in an open sufficient to contain the liquid contents of these containers should dumping site without mitigation they be spilled or leaked. measures and controls. Soil - The storage area should also have a roof to prevent precipitation contamination could impact on from collecting in the storage area. agriculture. - Disposal should involve facilities capable of safely transporting and disposing of hazardous waste containing PCB. Disposal of - Adequate waste receptacles and - Ensure that all spent/obsolete batteries from the solar panels are EDCL obsolete batteries facilities should be provided at recycled waste project sites/camp sites Page 141 of 270 updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Components/ Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost Activities Inst Estimates (USD) Health and safety Accidents during decommissioning - Apply the accidents reduction EDCL Included in including oil spills /mitigation impacts specified in the construction phase of the project decommiss ioning cost Page 142 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 5.6 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan-ESMP This section sets out requirements for the monitoring of the environmental and social impacts of the EAQIP subprojects. Monitoring of environmental and social indicators will be mainstreamed into the overall monitoring and evaluation system for the project. In addition, monitoring of the implementation of this updated ESMF will be carried out by REMA and PIU Environmental and Social Risk Management Specialists. The objective of monitoring is twofold; 1. To alert project authorities (i.e. EDCL primarily) by providing timely information about the success or otherwise of the environmental management process outlined in this updated ESMF in such a manner that changes can be made as required to ensure continuous improvement to EAQIP environmental management process (even beyond the project’s life). 2. To make a final evaluation in order to determine whether the mitigation measures incorporated in the technical designs and the ESMP have been successful in such a way that the pre-project environmental and social condition has been restored, improved upon or is worse than before and to determine what further mitigation measures may be required. 6.1.1.73. 5.6.1. Monitoring of environmental and social indicators The goals of monitoring are to measure the success rate of the project, determine whether interventions have resulted in dealing with negative impacts, whether further interventions are needed, or monitoring is to be extended in some areas. Monitoring indicators will be very much dependent on specific project contexts. 6.1.1.74. 5.6.1.1. Monitoring of participation process The following are indicators for monitoring of the participation process involved in the project activities. Number and percentage of affected households consulted during the planning stage; - Levels of decision-making of affected people; - Level of understanding of project impacts and mitigation; - Effectiveness of local authorities to make decisions; - Frequency and quality of public meetings; - Degree of involvement of women or disadvantaged groups in discussions. Monitoring of implementation of mitigation plans lists the recommended indicators for monitoring the implementation of mitigation plans. 6.1.1.75. 5.6.2 Evaluation of Results The evaluation of results of environmental and social mitigation can be carried out by comparing baseline data collected in the planning phases with targets and post-project situations. Page 143 of 270 Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) A number of indicators would be used in order to determine the status of affected people and their environment (land being used compared to before, how many clean water sources than before, etc). In order to assess whether these goals are met, the EDCL EDCL-PCU Environmental and Social safeguard Specialists with technical support of the two environmental and social to be hired by EDCL will indicate in the EMP, parameters to be monitored, institute monitoring milestones and provide resources necessary to carry out the monitoring activities. The following are some pertinent parameters and verifiable indicators/questions to be used to measure the updated ESMF process, mitigation plans and performance; - Does the project have the environmental and social risk management specialist? - Does the project have the ESIA cleared by the RDB? - Have the Civil Works from Contractors got considerable legal right to enforce the ESMP? - At what rate are the civil works been monitored by EDCL and by the REMA? - How many violations of the contractors/transporters have been recorded and at what rate are they occurring? - How many RAPs have been fully executed before civil works? - How many outstanding complaints and level where they are pending? - How many recorded grievance cases have been settled within one year? 6.1.1.76. 5.6.3. Monitoring of updated ESMF implementation In addition to the Project Reports and ESIA studies required under the Organic Law, an Annual Audit on updated ESMF Implementation will be prepared by the EDCL. In addition, each large project that has been subject to an ESIA study (or RAP etc.) will also be required to produce a social and environmental audit report. Page 144 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Table 15: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan for all project phase 6.1.1.77. 5.6.3.1. Monitoring during design and planning phase Activity / What Where How (Is the parameter to be When (Define Who (Is responsible Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Is the parameter monitored?) the frequency / for monitoring?) to be monitored?) or continuous?) Method Indicator Land Utilize the RPF/updated ESMF document Location of Inspection of All Before EDCL social and acquisition and available and develop RAP (Resettlement Project, RoW for implementation compensation construction environmental assets loss Action Plan), ESIA/ESMP distribution lines of processes begin and safeguard specialists and access roads RAP/ESIA/ES implemented throughout MP and all PAPs construction EDCL-PCU social with damaged activities safeguard specialists Implementation of RAP/ESIA/ESMP Compensation assets paid. Concerned district of all PAPs authorities Site selection Avoid whenever possible to select sites that Construction sites Inspection of ESIA, ESMP During EDCL contravenes the regulations of the at Project selected sites approval design and planning selection of Government of Rwanda in relation to distribution lines, and possible certificate construction directorate natural resources and sensitive Ecosystems sustations alternatives sites and Environmental and (Rwabusoro and transmission Social safeguard Undertake detailed ESIA study or Shango), line routes specialists Environmental Management Plan on Nyabarongo I and Design consultant selected site NTARUKA HPP Designs of Ensure during planning and design to Checking the Designs plans Before design and planning plans, incorporate environmental sound design Designs plans design and plans and electrical Constructio directorate equipment and concepts as and machinery, and electrical equipment n works EDCL social and machinery Appropriate and in compliance with WB equipment equipment to be which include begin environmental EHS Guidelines. specification environmental Page 145 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Activity / What Where How (Is the parameter to be When (Define Who (Is responsible Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Is the parameter monitored?) the frequency / for monitoring?) to be monitored?) or continuous?) Method Indicator All designs, equipment and machineries to used and social safeguard specialists. be procured should include instructions on risks Procurement Specialist their specifications environmental specifications and requirements. Specification All instructions or planning for civil, Before Tender is design and planning mechanical, engineering and electrical Advertised and directorate specifications including technical Tender RUEAP – PIU specifications must have stringent Documents Environmental environmental obligations in accordance dispatched to Risk Management with the World Bank EHS guidelines, selected bidders Specialists international or local guidelines whichever emerges as stringent in terms of environmental and social requirements. 6.1.1.78. 5.6.3.2. Monitoring during construction phase Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) frequency/or monitoring?) Method Indicator continuous?) Regular maintenance of all vehicles and machines Inspection of All vehicles and Regularly EDCL social Soil and Construction at regular service stations, if possible, machines adequately during and Water sites at Project maintenance records; maintenance and re-fueling of the construction Maintained, constructio environmental Pollution distribution lines, equipment only on sealed and enclosed areas. No unsuitable areas used for n and safeguard Page 146 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) (Part 1) sustations maintenance and re- fueling, operation specialists (Rwabusoro and Shango), RUEAP- Store all liquid materials (e.g. fuel, engine oil, etc.) Visual inspection of All materials adequately Nyabarongo I PIU and lubricants in locked tanks and on sealed and maintenance and re- stored Adequate number of and NTARUKA Environmental roofed areas. fueling areas; sanitation facilities HPP and Social Risk separately for men and Store construction material as bags of cement etc. women; and in proper Management in containers in order to avoid rinsing out. condition specialists Supervision consultant Train workers in appropriate sanitation Inspection of training All workers trained practices reports; accordingly Train transporters and workers in spill Visual inspection of prevention and control especially in handling of records; oil / fuel. Design bunds around oil collecting system Transformers fitted All transformers fitted with beneath transformers to prevent contamination of with bunds and oil bunds and oil collecting soil and groundwater; collecting system System. Page 147 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Provide proper equipment (as drip pans) and RegularlyEDCL social Soil and implement procedures to handle transformer oil Construction sites d and Water Provide spill-control materials to drivers and at Project Inspection of Equipment provided uring environmental Pollution workers, in order to clean up spills, if distribution lines, equipment construction safeguard (Part 2) Necessary sustations and operation specialists Report and respond to spills promptly and train (Rwabusoro and Number of spill reports EDCL-PCU workers in how to report Shango), Inspection of spill All workers trained Environment al Nyabarongo I reports, and training accordingly risk and NTARUKA records management Remove contaminated soil if spills occur and HPP Inspection of spill All contaminated materials specialists handle as hazardous waste reports and storage adequately stored Supervision Collect contaminated spill materials and areas consultant manage as hazardous waste Waste Construction Contractor will have to clarify with Construction sites Control of In advance of Written agreement EDCL Manage local authorities, where different kind of wastes at Project written agreement provided construction Environmental ment may be disposed of distribution lines, works and social risk (Part 1) Development of Waste Management Plan sustations Control of Waste Waste Management management within the ESMP (Rwabusoro and Management Plan Plan developed specialists Implementation of a Waste Management System Shango), Control of Waste Management Regularly Nyabarongo I Waste System implemented during and NTARUKA Management construction Supervision HPP System Page 148 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Train workers in handling and disposal of Inspection of All workers trained and operation consultant recyclable, sanitary, solid, liquid and training records accordingly and hazardous waste decommission ing. Segregate hazardous waste and store in suitable All hazardous EDCL social Waste Construction sites Visual control of Regularly drums or containers in secure facilities (fitted materials and scrap metal safeguard Manage at Project storage areas at during with roofs, concreting, bunds etc.), and stored in appropriate specialists ment distribution lines, substation construction clearly identify hazardous waste storage areas (Part 2) sustations Store used oil in suitable tanks and at proper areas (Rwabusoro and EDCL-PCU at substation site including storage of already Shango), environmental existing oil onsite Nyabarongo I safeguard Store scrap metal (iron, steel, copper, etc.) onsite and NTARUKA specialists for later recycling including material already HPP. stored onsite External expert Employe Development of an HSE (Health Safety and Construction Inspection of HSE Policy developed In advance of EDCL social e Health Environment) Policy for the construction phase, sites at Project relevant construction and and in advance of construction activities distribution lines, documents works. environmental Safety sustations and Social (Part 1) Development of an EHSP for the construction in (Rwabusoro and EHSP developed Safeguard advance of construction activities Shango), specialists, Page 149 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Installation of an HSE Management System Nyabarongo I HSE Management System Regularly EDCL-PCU (HSEMS) during the construction phase and NTARUKA implemented; during environmental HPP construction safeguard and operation specialists Make sure that all workers have a health Inspection of phase Insurance; workers’ health Provide proper sanitation facilities in adequate documents; All workers have health number; insurance; Provision of HIV /AIDS protection equipment Visual inspection; Adequate number of for workers; sanitation facilities and in proper condition; Implementation of health and safety, workshops Interviews and Workshops Implemented for construction workers; records Installation of warning signs “Danger of Inspection warning signs available on sites and Protection Electrocution” at towers, substations etc. Inspection of equipment provided; workshop Page 150 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Provide workers with appropriate protective Visual inspection; All workers provided with equipment (PPE) (dust, noise, thick gloves PPE; against snake bites etc.); Provide first aid kits and fire extinguishers at all Inspection of First aid kits and fire Project sites and in all vehicles accident records, extinguishers provided; Interviews Visual inspection Train workers in regard to working at heights, EDCL social Employee electrical safety, vehicular safety, handling of Inspection of All workers trained and Health hazardous materials, PPE, use of first aid and training accordingly environmental and Safety rescue techniques, emergency response, records safeguard (Part 2) Construction sites poisonous snakes etc. specialists at Project Regularly No workers found under distribution lines, during Forbid alcohol and other drugs at construction Inspection of influence of alcohol or EDCL-PCU sustations construction sites incident records other drugs environmental (Rwabusoro and Workers transferred to and social Assure transfer of injured workers to hospitals in Shango), Inspection of hospital in case of safeguard the case of serious accidents Nyabarongo I accident records serious accidents specialists and NTARUKA HPP Page 151 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Identify area emergency responders, hospitals, Area emergency Supervision and clinics, and provide advance notice of Project Area emergency Interviews responders informed about In advance of consultant activities responders Project construction activities works Implement programs for medical screening, Inspection of records H&S programs health and safety monitoring, and reporting implemented Construction sites Shielding materials in Interviews Limit occupational exposure to EMF by use of at Project Inspection of place. Regular shielding materials, and train workers distribution lines, training records during accordingly sustations All workers trained construction (Rwabusoro and accordingly. Shango), Record all accidents and incidents Inspection of records Recording Nyabarongo I implemented and NTARUKA HPP. Ensure that traffic is not interfered by Residents living Inspection of No complaints from Regularly EDCL social Public construction through proper traffic near complaints residents during and Health management Project/subproject Interviews construction environmental and construction/reha risk Notification of the public on upcoming bilitation Public informed In advance of Safety management construction About upcoming construction (Part 1) activities risk construction management specialists Page 152 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Public Public education and outreach efforts to provide Residents living Interviews Public accordingly In advance of EDCL social Health information about hazard awareness, upcoming near Inspection of informed construction and and construction activities, safety measures, Project/subproject complaints environmental Safety reporting unsafe conditions and environmental construction/reha No complaints Regularly risk (Part 2) impacts, in advance of bilitation during management construction period activities construction specialists Inform population along public roads in advance Residents along Inspection of No complaints from Regularly in case of transporting heavy public roads complaints and residents; no accidents during Equipment accident records construction Provide adequate security measures to prevent Residents living accidents and injury (e.g. keeping speed limits on near public roads, grounding objects) Project/subproject construction/reha bilitation activities Provide adequate security to prevent public access Residents living Visual Security measures to the substations, work sites, hazardous near Project inspection of implemented and materials and waste construction/rehabi records No incident recorded litation activities Reduce vehicle speeds in populated areas Residents living Inspection of No complaints from Regularly EDCL social Allow truck movements only during daylight, near subproject complaints residents during and but not between 7 pm and 6 am Construction/reha construction environmental Page 153 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) bilitation activities risk Noise management (Part Utilization of low sound power mechanical Residents living Visual inspection Low sound specialists 1) equipment like bulldozer, air compressor, near subproject of complaints equipment used concrete pumps, excavator, concrete mixer etc. construction/reha No complaints from whenever possible bilitation residents activities Regular maintenance and service of building Inspection of Equipment regularly machinery and other during construction Works maintenance records maintained Shut down or throttling down of noisy Inspection of No complaints from Noise Regularly machinery to a minimum complaints residents EDCL-PCU (Part during For workers noise levels shall be kept below Instrumental Noise level below 80 dB construction Social and 2) measurement in (A); if noise levels higher environmental 80 dB (A), wherever possible. In case of case of particularly than 80 dB (A): workers risk exceeding this value, hearing protections must be noisy activities fitted with PPE and management provided to workers and warning signs must be warning signs installed specialists installed Notify nearby residents and businesses at least Residents living Instrumental Residents informed in 24 hours in advance if particularly noisy activities near Project measurement advance are anticipated activities in case of complaints Interviews Conduct noise-generating activities during Construction sites Inspection of No complaints from normal work hours during the day at Project complaints Residents Page 154 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) Reduction of speed and limited movement of Construction/Reh Inspection of No complaints from Regularly EDCL and Air Vehicles abilitation sites of complaints residents during EDCL-PCU Quality Project construction environmental Maintain vehicles and construction machinery Inspection of Equipment regularly (Part 1) safeguard properly, as recommended by suppliers maintenance maintained specialists Records Use dust-suppressing water on unpaved roads, Unpaved roads Inspection of No complaints from Supervision e.g. spraying of water with watering trucks in used for transport complaints residents advance of transportation activity Cover truck beds with tarps during material Construction site Transport at NTARUKA consultant Use dust-suppressing water spray during civil HPP and works, where necessary transmission lines Use equipment with dust suction devices in Construction sites Visual inspection Dust suction devices used Regularly EDCL enclosed spaces during civil works, where at and where during EDCL-PCU Necessary NTARUKA HPP necessary construction environmental Air Store and handle material appropriately to and transmission Appropriate storage safeguard Qualit limit dust (e.g. protect cement with tarpaulins) lines specialists y (Part Avoid unnecessary idling of construction No unnecessary 2) machines and vehicles idling Supervision Burning of rubbish onsite must be strictly No rubbish burned consultant Forbidden Prioritize employment of local people for Construction sites Visual Percentage of local Regularly Page 155 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) construction works near NTARUKA inspection people employed during EDCL HPP, Interviews construction Improve recruitment of women for Percentage of EDCL-PCU transmission and Social construction works women employed construction lines Impacts Supervision Facilitate other economic opportunities for local Residents living Other economic (Part 1) consultant communities near substation opportunities established Construction sites Health awareness workshops for workers by Inspection of All workers participated contractor workshop records Develop and implement a Grievance Redress Construction sites Inspection of Percentage of grievances Regularly EDCL Mechanism at Project grievances adequately treated during EDCL-PCU distribution lines construction Social and NTARUKA Supervision Impacts HHP consultant (Part 2) Announce start and duration of works through Residents living Interviews Public informed In advance media and signs to the public in advance of near MV lines and About construction works of construction period NTARUKA HHP construction Traffic Use of existing access roads to construction site Residents living Inspection EDCL of No complaints from Regularly Managem near substation, complaints residents during EDCL-PCU ent MV lines and construction NTARUKA HHP Keep to speed limits in public roads Construction/Reh Inspection of No complaints from Regularly Supervision Page 156 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Where How When Who Activity / What (Is the parameter (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the (Is responsible for Impact (Is the parameter to be monitored?) to be monitored?) Method frequency/or monitoring?) Indicator continuous?) abilitation sites at complaints Visual residents during consultant Establish rights-of-way, speed limits onsite, project inspection Speed limits, inspection construction vehicle inspection requirements, operating rules transmission lines requirements, operating Regularly and procedures before commencement of rules during construction established construction Maintain vehicles regularly and use manufacturer Construction/Reh Vehicles regularly EDCL social Regularly approved parts to minimize potentially serious abilitation Inspection of maintained and approved and during accidents caused by equipment malfunction or site maintenance records parts used environmental construction premature failure s of Project risk In advance Minimize transport distances by using locally activities, Local Visual inspection Locally sourced material management of communities used, if specialists sourced materials, if possible construction possible Traffic Collaborate with local communities and Visual Improvement of overall Managem authorities to improve signage, visibility and inspection safety of roads started ent overall safety of roads, particularly along Interviews (Part 2) stretches located near power lines construction or HPP rehabilitation. Local Interviews awareness program about Collaborate with local communities about communities traffic and pedestrian safety traffic and pedestrian safety Emergency established In advance of responders Coordination construction Coordination with emergency responders established Page 157 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Page 158 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 6.1.1.79. 5.6.3.3. Monitoring during Operation and Maintenance How When Where Who What (Is the parameter to be monitored?) (Define the Activity / Impact (Is the parameter (Is responsible (Is the parameter to be monitored?) frequency / to be monitored?) Method Indicator for monitoring?) or continuous?) Develop Health and Safety EDCL Management Plan (HSMP) and HSMP Operation and implement HSMS for operation and (NTARUKA HHP, develo maintenance EDCL-PCU Employee Health and maintenance of substations stores and MV Visual ped and Environmental Safety construction lines inspection HSMS and social risk implemented management Erect fire walls between transformers team foreseen in switchyard of RUEAP Fire walls erected substation to prevent spreading of fire in case of an accident Develop a waste disposal plan for Disposal area Visual Availability of Operation and EDCL-PCU Disposal of CFLs disposal of the CFLs inspection effective Waste maintenance Environmental (Compact Fluorescent disposal plan for and social risk Lamps) Pollution of CFL management land (soil), river and team REMA other natural water sources. Page 159 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Reservoir Watershed management in the reservoir NTARUKA HPP Visual Availability of Operation and EUCL sedimentation: area that minimize erosion and and its surroundings inspection and watershed maintenance RDB Changes to sedimentation in the Ntaruka reservoir; including public management, REMA hydrological flow: and Maximize useful life of the reservoir downstream consultation on and contract FONERWA hazardious and non- through continuous monitoring and use community. the nearby with waste hazrdious wastes of sedimentation model for calculation community management of reservoir sedimentation. licensed Downstream flow maintenance through company allowing the minimum ecological flow rate and following approved reservoir operation procedures. Having a waste collection, transportation and disposal subscription/ contract with licensed company including licensed companies for hazardous waste. Page 160 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) VI. ESMF SCREENING PROCEDURE 6.2.subproject screening, with reference to the E&S screening tools; Subprojects and activities with either substantial or moderate risks will need to be reviewed for potential environmental and social impacts. The project is expected to produce net benefits; however, certain project activities may have environmental and social impacts that will require mitigation. For this reason, this project has been rated as substantial risk under the World Bank ESS1. The screening will further ensure that subprojects that may have potential adverse impacts are studied in greater detail including need for subproject specific ESIA, and the due diligence will be also critical to assess the social and environmental impact of the sub-project. As part of the identification of sub-projects, the project proponent will prepare a sample screening checklist. The screening checklist will lead to the preparation of an ESIA or ESMP Report for review by Rwanda Development Board (RDB). The ESIA will be prepared by independent consultants registered under RAPEP, who will be paid by the project implementing entity. The RUEAP’s ESRM specialists will offer guidance in the preparation of the screening forms and project reports. 6.3.Steps of ESIA preparation in Rwanda 6.3.1. Project Brief Submission and Registration As a first step in the ESIA process, a developer proposing to start a project shall notify Rwanda Development Board (RDB) in writing by submission of a Project Brief. The purpose of a Project Brief, which should be prepared as prescribed in this regulation, is to provide information on the proposed activity so as to enable RDB and Lead Agencies establish whether or not the activity is likely to have significant impact on the environment, and thus determine the level of ESIA necessary. The project brief submitted to RDB by a developer will be registered as the formal application for an ESIA. 6.3.2. Screening Screening refers to the process a decision making on whether or not and at which level an ESIA is required. This is based on the Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 discussed in the previous section. It is through screening a project is classified as either of impact level (IL) 1, 2 or 3. The responsibility for scoping shall be that of the developers (or their ESIA experts) in consultation with Lead Agencies and all relevant stakeholders. Scoping is intended to establish important issues to be addressed in the environmental impact and eliminate the irrelevant ones. After scoping, RDB approves the terms of reference that would be used for carrying out the environmental and social impact study. 6.3.3. Baseline data collection and Analysis of Initial State Baseline data describes status of existing biophysical and socio-economic environment at a location before intervention of the proposed project. Site‐specific primary data on and around a proposed site should be collected by experts conducting the environmental and social impact study to form a basis for future environmental and social monitoring. 6.3.4. Impact prediction and analysis of alternatives Impact prediction is a way of forecasting the environmental and social consequences of a project and its alternatives. This action is principally a responsibility of an ESIA expert. For every project, possible alternatives should be identified, and environmental attributes compared. Alternatives should cover both project location and process technologies. Alternatives should then be ranked for selection of the Page 161 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) most optimum environmental and socio‐economic benefits to the community. Once alternatives have been analysed, a mitigation plan should be drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) to guide the developer. The ESMP details (a) the measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of a project to eliminate or offset adverse environmental and social impacts, or to reduce them to acceptable levels; and (b) the actions needed to implement these measures. 6.3.5. ESIA Report An environmental and social impact study culminates into preparation of a report by the ESIA experts. An ESIA report should provide clear information to the decision‐maker on the different environmental scenarios without the project, with the project and with project alternatives. The developer is also required to produce an environment and social management plan (ESMP). Any modifications made by a developer to the ESIA report should be presented in form of an Environmental and Social Impact Report Addendum. All these three documents should then be submitted to REMA by the developer. 6.3.6. Public hearing After completion of ESIA report the Environmental Law requires that the public must be informed and consulted on a proposed development. REMA may, if it deems necessary, conduct a public hearing before ESIA reports are appraised by its Technical Committee. Any stakeholders likely to be affected by the proposed project are entitled to have access to unclassified sections of the ESIA report and make oral or written comments to RDB. Rwanda Development Board shall consider public views when deciding whether or not to approve a proposed project. 6.3.7. Decision‐making During the decision‐making and authorization phase, ESIA documents submitted to the Authority shall be reviewed by two decision‐making committees: a Technical Committee and an Executive Committee constituted by RDB. If the project is approved, the developer will be issued with an ESIA Certificate of Authorization, which permits implementation of the project in accordance with the mitigation measures in the ESIA Report and any additional approval conditions. 6.3.8. Environmental and Social Monitoring Monitoring should be done during both construction and operation phases of a project. It is done not just to ensure that approval conditions are complied with but also to observe whether the predictions made in the ESIA reports are correct or not. Where impacts exceed levels predicted in the environmental impact study, corrective action should be taken. Monitoring also enables RDB to review validity of predictions and conditions of implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). During implementation and operation of a project, monitoring is a responsibility of the developer and RDB. 6.4.Environmental and social documentation 6.4.1. Screening Checklist Based on this application, the proposal will be reviewed and selection for the next stage of evaluation undertaken. At this selection stage, a first level of environmental and social screening takes place on the basis of the screening checklist completed by the proponent. Page 162 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) The screening checklist will be reviewed using the Review Form, to be completed either by the district officer in charge of environment or the RUEAP’s ESRM Specialist. Where there are social impacts indicated, the form will have to be reviewed in addition by RUEAP’s Social risk management Specialist. The form prompts the reviewer to verify the information provided by the proponent and confirm the best course of action. The reviewer must consider the nature and location of the subproject and the anticipated impacts, and based on his/her judgment, confirm or propose the best course of action. The sample screening checklist is provided in the Annex 3 6.4.2. Terms of References for ESIA This updated ESMF has prepared ToRs for ESIA and ESMP preparation based on the guidelines for the content of ESIA report provided by RDB and this is discussed in the annex 6 of this document. 6.4.3. Generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): Generic ESMP provides guidance on procedures to be followed and standards to be met in implementing the EAQIP which should agree with national and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework. Institutional arrangements with clearly defined roles and responsibilities as well as monitoring protocols to be followed are presented to ensure that the required provisions are adhered to. The ESMP in this updated ESMF was prepared considering the activities of the proposed subprojects and activities and their impact mitigation measures were subdivided into four phases including activities in Planning Phase, Construction Phase, Operation Phase and decommissioning phase. The details about the generic ESMP is found in Annex 4 of this updated ESMF. 6.4.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 6.4.4.1.Introduction A grievance mechanism has been developed for potential use by all interested stakeholders. The aim of the grievance mechanism is to achieve mutually agreed resolution of grievances raised by such stakeholders. This grievance mechanism ensures that complaints and grievances are addressed in good faith and through a transparent and impartial process, but one which is culturally acceptable. Grievances raised by stakeholders need to be managed through a transparent process, readily acceptable to all segments of affected communities and other stakeholders, at no cost and without retribution. The grievance mechanism should be appropriate to the scale of impacts and risks presented by a project and beneficial for both a proponent/operator and stakeholders, especially PAPs. The types of grievances stakeholders may raise include, but are not limited to: i. Negative impacts on communities, which may include, but not be limited to financial loss, physical harm and nuisance from construction or operational activities; ii. Health and safety risks; iii. Negative impacts on the environment such as pollution of water ways, soil, and air; iv. Relocation of utilities, and v. Unacceptable behavior by staff or employees. It is critical that stakeholders understand that all grievances lodged, regardless of the project phase or activity being implemented, will follow one single mechanism. The mechanism must not impede access to other judicial or administrative remedies. Page 163 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) 6.4.4.2.Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The GRM works within existing legal and cultural frameworks, providing an additional opportunity to resolve grievances at the local, project level. The key objectives of the GRM are: i. Record, categorize and prioritize the grievances; ii. Settle the grievances via consultation with all stakeholders (and inform those stakeholders of the solutions); iii. Forward any unresolved cases to the relevant authority. It is vital that appropriate signage is erected at the sites of all works providing the public with updated project information and summarising the GRM process, including contact details of the relevant Project Contact Person within the project implementation unit. Anyone shall be able to lodge a complaint and the methods (forms, in person, telephone, forms written in Kinyarwanda) should not inhibit the lodgement of any complaint. 6.4.4.3.6.3.4.3. Grievance Redress process 6.3.4.3.1. Project Level Grievance Redress Mechanism: Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) As the GRM works within existing legal and cultural frameworks, it is organized in such a way that the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will comprise of local community representative, PAPs representative, local authority representative at village and cell levels, Contractor and Supervising firm representative. Members of GRC are presented below with their roles and responsibilities. Many project related grievances are site-specific. Often, they are related to impacts generated during construction such as noise, dust, vibration, contamination, workers dispute etc. Most of the time, they can be resolved easily on site with the contractor commitment to implement the ESMP and proper supervision by the implementing agencies and administrative District officials. Other grievances are more sensitive especially when they are about land boundaries, or misunderstandings between affected households and the Contractor regarding access arrangements, properties accidently damaged by construction activities, accidents on sites among others. All these grievances and claims must be resolved as soon as they are received. The grievance procedure at project level will be simple and administered at the extent possible at the local levels to facilitate access, flexibility and ensure transparency. All the grievances will be channelled via the Grievance Resolution Committees specifically established for the project at Cell, Sector and District level. Stakeholders will be allowed to use any means easily accessible to them to voice their concerns and complaints such as filling a grievance form, sending an email, using phone etc. Complaints will be filled in a Grievance Register that will be distributed to GRC free of charge, this register will be available to the hierarchical level for verification of the complaint and an investigation will be carried out by the hierarchical committee members to verify its authenticity. Thereafter a resolution approach will be selected based on the findings. The decisions of the action to be taken will be communicated to all involved parties mainly in written form. All measures will be undertaken to ensure that the grievance is solved amicably between the concerned parties. If the grievance is not solved at Cell level, Sector or District level, the courts of law will be the last resort. Efficiency in solving of the grievances will be of paramount importance. The selection of Page 164 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) members for the sub-project grievance committee will be at the discretion of the PAPs to decide basing on information provided by the PIUs. In practice, some complaints are expected to appear. This is on the assumption that all proposed works are within the public land where the farmer have many types of crops and trees, this will be specifically on the component one of Increasing access to grid electricity during grid connections for households, commercial and industrial consumers, and public institutions. However, some complaints are likely to be associated with construction of medium voltage lines impacts. Most are received directly on site by the Contractor’s Site Manager/Engineer who will mandatory be responsible to resolve these issues on site. The Contractor will inform and Grievance Committee (GRC) of these complaints and their outcomes, and of others not satisfactorily resolved that the Grievance Committee should take over. The GC will log these in the Complaints Register and inform the Project Implementation Unit. At each level of the project GRC, complaints will be solved within a period of 24-48 hours or otherwise handed to the next level. Once at judiciary level, due process as mandated by the law will be followed depending on what the courts will require. Through citizen engagement meetings the PAPs will be informed of the different grievance mechanisms in place for them to lodge their complaints and dissatisfactions. 6.3.4.3.2. Workers Grievance Redress Mechanism Provisions in law N° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 and Law n° 027/2023 of 18/05/2023 amending the Law n° 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 regulating labor in Rwanda will be applied for Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for workers. A GRM shall be established under the EDCL-PCU to address complaints arising during the project implementation of all sub-components, including rehabilitation works at the Ntaruka Hydropower Plant rehabilitation where no GRM exists as of appraisal. Project direct workers will be informed about the grievance redress mechanism during meetings at the time of the induction and where training will be provided where required, this will follow the same procedure as described in the approved REG manual of procedure for grievance management. Contracted workers will be informed about grievance redress mechanism through meetings at workplaces as well as notices to be made available at the workplace. The Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) to be established as mentioned earlier will also handle the arising grievances. The process pertaining to how to go about grievances handling are documented for further reference. The worker’s GRCs will be established based on below structure and will be followed by all contractors throughout the project implementation. Figure 8: Structure of the Workers Grievance Redress Mechanism Page 165 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) The workers GRC shall be composed at Site level by the contractor representative, the supervising firm representative, and the workers representative at site level while the GRM at District level shall be composed of Labor inspector at District level as advisor, Project Liaison Officer, Workers representative, contractor representative, the supervising firm representative, and at PIU Level, the committee will be composed of the Social and Environmental risk management Specialists, Project Coordinator, Human Resource Specialist under PIU, and contractor representative, the supervising firm representative and workers representative. The EDCL-PCU will require contractors to develop and implement a grievance mechanism for their workforce including sub-contractors, prior to the start of design stage. The construction contractors will prepare their labor management procedure before the start of civil works, which will also include detailed description of the workers grievance mechanism. A workers’ GRC will be established at the Ntaruka Hydropower Plant rehabilitation, where no GRM exists as of appraisal. The workers grievance mechanism will include: - A procedure to receive grievances such as comment/complaint form, suggestion boxes, email, a telephone hotline; - stipulated timeframes to respond to grievances; - A register to record and track the timely resolution of grievances; - A responsible department to receive, record and track resolution of grievances. The Supervision firm’s ESRM staff will monitor the contractors’ recording and resolution of grievances, and report these to the EDCL-PCU in their monthly progress reports. The process will be Page 166 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) monitored by the GRM Focal Point, the ESRM specialists will be responsible for the project GRM. The direct workers grievance mechanism will be described in staff induction trainings, which will be provided to the new recruited project workers. The mechanism will be based on the following principles: - The process will be transparent and allow workers to express their concerns and file grievances; - There will be no discrimination against those who express grievances and any grievances will be treated confidentially; - Anonymous grievances will be treated equally as other grievances, whose origin is known; - Management will treat grievances seriously and take timely and appropriate action in response. Information about the existence of the grievance mechanism will be readily available to all project workers (direct and contracted) through notice displaying boards, the presence of “suggestion boxes”, and other means of communication as required. 6.4.4.4.6.3.4.4. Grievance Channel for Gender-Based Violence As Gender -Based Violence, Sexual Exploitation and Abuse or Sexual Harassment requires timely access to quality, multi-sectoral services and involves confidentiality and informed consent of the GBV victim. To this end, MININFRA will develop a GBV Action plan that will include an Accountability and Response Framework, and this will form part of project C-ESMP. The GBV Action Plan will identify service providers in the project areas with minimum package of services (health, psychosocial, legal/security, safe house/shelter, and livelihood). The GBV Action Plan will also provide enough details to allow for the development of a localized referral pathways, will establish procedures of handling cases as part of the service providers mapping. The bidding documents will clearly define GBV requirements. During implementation phase, separate facilities for women and men will be recommended to all contractors with indication signage. 6.4.4.5.6.3.4.5. Primary supply workers Where a significant risk of child labor or serious safety issues in relation to primary suppliers has been identified, the procedure for monitoring and reporting on primary supply workers will involve various measures that have been put in place to prevent and control them such as establishment of child labour prevention committees from District to Cell level. In the event of identification of child labour cases, it will be reported to concerned authorities (The labour law also provides for penal and administrative penalties in case of non-compliance with labour law provisions. In instances where local suppliers would be engaged, contractors shall be required to carry out due diligence procedure to identify if there are significant risks that the suppliers are exploiting child or forced labor or exposing worker to serious safety issues. In other hand where foreign suppliers would be contracted, contractors will be required to inquire during their procurement process whether the supplier has been accused or sanctioned for any of these issues and their corporate requirements related to child labor, forced labor, and safety. If there are any risks related to child and forced labor, and safety identified, in case of occurrence, the sanctions stipulated by Rwanda labour law will be applied. 6.4.4.6.6.3.4.6. Contractors management Page 167 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) The EDCL-PCU will use the Bank’s Standard Procurement Documents for solicitations and contracts, and these include labor and occupational, health and safety requirements. As part of the process to select design and build contractors who will engage contracted workers, the EDCL-PCU and/or the supervision consultant may review the following information: - Information in public records, for example, corporate registers and public documents relating to violations of applicable labor law, including reports from labor inspectorates and other enforcement bodies in the Districts where the project will be being implemented; - Business licenses, registrations, permits, and approvals; - Documents relating to a labor management system, including OHS issues, for example, labor the prepared management procedures; - Identification of labor management, safety, and health personnel, their qualifications, and certifications; - Workers’ certifications/permits/training to perform contracted work; - Records of safety and health violations, and responses; - Accident and fatality records and notifications to hierarchical authorities; - Records of legally required worker benefits and proof of workers’ enrolment in the related programs; - Worker payroll records, including hours worked and pay received; - Identification of safety committee members and records of meetings; and - Copies of previous contracts with contractors and suppliers, showing inclusion of provisions and terms reflecting ESS2. - Ensure the functioning of grievance Redress committees - Ensure the workers are ensured in with the medical insurance schem The contracts with selected contractors will include provisions related to labor and occupational health and safety, as provided in the World Bank Standards Procurement Documents and law N°62/2018 of 25/08/2018 governing Public Procurement in Rwanda. The Supervision Consultant will manage and monitor the performance of Contractors in relation to contracted workers, focusing on compliance by contractors with their contractual agreements (obligations, representations, and warranties). This may include periodic audits, inspections, and/or spot checks of project locations or work sites and/or of labor management records and reports compiled by contractors. Contractors’ labor management records and reports may include: (a) a representative sample of employment contracts or arrangements between third parties and contracted workers; (b) records relating to grievances received and their resolution; (c) reports relating to safety inspections, including fatalities and incidents and implementation of corrective actions; (d) records relating to incidents of noncompliance with national law; and (e) records of training provided for contracted workers to explain labor and working conditions and OHS for the project. 6.4.4.7.6.3.4.7. Judiciary Level Grievance Redress Mechanism The project level process will not impede PAPs access to the legal system. Local communities have existing traditional and cultural grievance redress mechanisms (Abunzi committees) established and regulated by law no 37/2016 of 08/09/2016 determining organization, jurisdiction, and competence and functioning of Abunzi committee. These are established at cell and Sector level to solve Page 168 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) community-based conflicts and grievances their regulatory body being the Ministry of Justice. This mechanism cannot be overlooked by the project. The population can choose to use this channel instead of the project GRC. The escalation at this level leads to the court process. At any time, the complainant may take the matter to the appropriate legal or judicial authority as per Rwanda National Legal procedure. Figure 9: Grievance Redress Process for the implementation of EAQIP Table 16: Process, stage and timeframe for grievance resolution Stage Process Duration 1a Since most of complaints during the execution of works involves 24hours directly the contractor, at first the Aggrieved Party (AP) will take his/her grievance to the contractor representative or site Manager of the relevant subproject who will endeavour to resolve it immediately. The contractor representative or site Manager will Page 169 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Stage Process Duration inform the District Electricity and Maintenance officer or the appointed focal project at the district level. Where AP is not satisfied, the complaint will be transferred to the Sub-project Grievance Committee (GC) at cell level. For complaints that were satisfactorily resolved by the Contractor, he/she will inform the GC and the GC will log the grievance and the actions that were taken. There is also a possibility that the AP directly takes his/her complainants directly to the GRC without going to the Contractor or Site Manager first. In this case, the GRC will solve it working with the Contractor or Site Manager. 1b The AP may choose to escalate the grievance to the Abunzi Not fixed Mediation Committee4 especially if she/he is not directly linked to the sub-project. 2 On receipt of the complaint, the GRC at cell level will endeavour to 1-2 days at resolve it immediately. In case the GRC at cell level fail to solve the Cell level complaint, it will be escalated to the GRC at Sector level. If unsuccessful, the GRC or the complainant then notifies District 1-2days at Officials. Sector level 3 The District Officials where the project activities are being 1 – 5 days implemented, he/she will endeavour to address and resolve the complaint and inform the aggrieved party. The District Authority will refer the complaint to the Project Implementation Unit (EAQIP) with other unresolved grievances for their consideration. 4 If it remains unresolved or the complainant is dissatisfied with the 1 – 7 days outcome proposed by the PIU, he/she is free to refer the matter to the court of law. 5 If the issue remains unresolved through the courts, then the ultimate Not fixed step will be for the ombudsman. The decisions at this level are final. 6 The dimension represented in purple is strictly for GBV related Not fixed matters. The AP will approach directly the GBV task force to ensure her/his anonymity and safety. However, in case the complaint was addressed first to the contractor’s Site Manager, the latter is required to immediately refer it to the task force. The GBV task force will 4The word Abunzi can be translated as ‘those who reconcile’ or ‘those who bring together’ (from verb kunga). In the traditiona l Rwanda, Abunzi were men known within their communities for personal integrity and were asked to intervene in the event of conflict. Each conflicting party would choose a person considered trustworthy, known as a problem-solver, and who was unlikely to alienate either party, the result is a set of Home-Grown Solutions - culturally owned practices translated into sustainable development programs. Page 170 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Stage Process Duration work with competent authorities to ensure the proposed official structure for GBV has respected to guarantee the victim the real justice and required medical care. Table 17: Proposed Members of GRC and their roles under EAQIP. No Member of GRC Roles and responsibilities 1 President (PAPs - Chairing meetings; representative) - Give direction on how received grievances will be processed; - Assign organizational responsibility for proposing a response; - Referring cases to next level; - Speaks on behalf of GRC and s/he is the one to report to the cell or the sector administration level; - Represents the interests of aggrieved parties. - Give feedback on the efficiency of GRM. 3 Village leader - Represents local government at village level; - Resolves and lead community level grievance redress - Sends out notices for meetings; - Records all grievance received and report them to next local level 4 Cell executive - Proposes responses to grievances and lead in resolving secretary community grievance unsolved from village level; - Records and reports all grievances received from village leaders; - Chairs sensitization meeting at the cell level during public consultations meetings; - Assists and guides in identifying vulnerable and disadvantaged groups within the cell. - Signs the valuations sheets for compensation facilitate a proper Resettlement Plan 5 Women and youth - Represent the interests of women and youth; representatives - Advocate for equity and equal opportunities; - Help in prevention of sexual harassment and promote wellbeing of the women and youth - Take part in resolution of any grievance related to sexual harassment and any gender domestic violence that may arise; - Mobilize women and youth to be active in income generating activities specifically for opportunities in the project’s intervention areas. 6 Contractor - Receive and log complaints/grievances, note date and time, representative contact details, nature of complaint and inform complainant of when to expect response; Page 171 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) No Member of GRC Roles and responsibilities - Handle complaints revolved around nuisance resulted from construction and endeavor to handle them satisfactory; - Inform engineer (supervisor) and GRC of received complaints/grievances and outcomes and forward unresolved complaints/grievance to GRC - Attend community meetings, respond and react to PAPs complaints raised concerning the contractor. 7 Supervising firm - Represent client (EDCL); representative - Ensure that all grievances raised have been responded to, and that the contractor responds to the complaints raised concerning them, - Attend community meetings and respond to all concerns related to EAQIP from community - Report on monthly basis the progress of GRM process. Table 18: Proposed members of the GBV taskforce under EAQIP. Institution Staff position PIU National level (RUEAP-EAQIP) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists PIU (District level) Gender Specialist, Senior Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialist Contractor Human Resources Officer, Social Safeguards Specialist Supervising firm Social Safeguards Specialist NGO in GBV prevention and advocacy Designated representative As mandated by the law on gender equality, women representation will make up at least 30% of the GRC. All PAPs representatives will be directly elected by their peers and the number of members may vary depending on the context and particularities of each sub-project site characteristics. The project will plan to facilitate any other person external to the project to communicate with the project, to provide or request for information or file a complaint. These arrangements are provided in the table below. Table 19: Other methods of communication with the stakeholders Page 172 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) To communicate with the project stakeholders by sending their recommendations, claims, and observations are summarized in the following table. Methods Description Project webpage The ESF documents will be disclosed in the implementing agencies of the project – a specific webpage will be prepared for EAQIP containing project description, implementing arrangements and ESF documents including to communicate with the team, and the email, phone contact of the concerned PIU Environmental risk management specialist or Social risk management specialist. Community project In a community selection point or the Administrative District, a Displaying Displaying board board with project information, timeline, and information of the works, contractor, announcements will be placed and box for comments/suggestions will be placed with a lock so only the environmental or social risk management specialist can open and respond to any messages. Any complaint from a third party can be filed using this method. E-mail, Telephone, All contacts of the environmental and social risk management staff of PIU instant message or at National or District Energy Project liaison officer will be made public to other media be used by any stakeholder or third party willing to ask for information, provide suggestion or file a complaint. 6.4.4.8.6.3.4.8. Grievance Logbook The GRM Committee will ensure that each complaint has an individual reference number and is appropriately tracked, and recorded actions are completed. The log will contain record of the person responsible for an individual complaint, and records dates for the following events: i. Date the complaint was reported; ii. Date the Grievance Log was added onto the project database; iii. Date information on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate); iv. The date the complaint was closed out; and v. Date response was sent to complainant. 6.4.4.9.6.3.4.9. World Bank Grievance Redress Service (GRS) Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a World Bank (WB) supported project may submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanisms or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project-related concerns. Project affected communities and individuals may submit their complaint to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel which determines whether harm Page 173 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) occurred, or could occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have been brought directly to the World Bank's attention, and Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/grievance-redress-service. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. 6.4. Monitoring of Complaints The monitoring of complaints will be done by administrative districts and PIU at REG on regular basis. The monitoring team will be responsible for: i. Providing the sub-project Resettlement and Compensation Committee with a Monthly report detailing the number and status of complaints; ii. Any outstanding issues to be addressed; and iii. Quarterly reports, including analysis of the type of complaints, levels of complaints, actions to reduce complaints and initiator of such action. 6.5. Resettlement Action Plans Due to the fact that the Environmental and Social Standard 5 (Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement) has been triggered, an abbreviated or Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared in parallel with ESIA/ESMP, which the project will follow in order to restore livelihood and ensure full compensation for loss of asset and livelihood through a consultative and mutually agreeable process where applicable. 6.6. Review and clearance of the environmental and social instruments; EAQIP Subprojects activities will need to be reviewed for potential environmental and social impacts. The project is expected to produce net benefits. However, certain project activities may have environmental and social impacts that will require mitigation. For this reason, this project has been classified Substantial risk under the World Bank ESS1. The subprojects are categorized among the projects which must undergo ESIA process before their implementation. All ESSs instruments to be prepared should comply with the World Bank ESF, Ministerial order 001//2019 of 15/04/2019 discussed above and Law 48/2018 of 13/08/2018 on Environment in Rwanda. The documents will be prepared either by Independent consultant or PIU ESRM specialists. They will be reviewed by the project ESRM team, the World Bank and finally be submitted to RDB for review and approval. However, some documents like RAP and other documents that may be required by the Bank but not demanded by RDB will only be submitted to and cleared by the Bank only. All ESIA and ESMP will be subject to RDB approval and evidenced by clearance certificate. Page 174 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) VII. PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT, TRAINING RESPONSIBILITIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT. 7.1. Capacity assessment The capacity assessment conducted at the administrative district level in the implementation of environmental and social impacts management shows that a district has two departments in the environmental and social impact management. These are the one stop centre and the department of environment and natural resources management. However, the department of social protection sometimes intervenes in the management of social risks related to construction project implementation such as conflict redress mechanisms, and gender and inclusion. In the case of Electricity access, the staff in charge of electricity (District electricity Engineer) and land valuator are more involved. The PIU has ESRM team with solid background in WB ESF implementation and are now working for RESSP in EDCL PIU. Moreover, the EDCL has the experienced ESRM team who are now working in Transmission lines. However, there is a need to train the existing ESRM staff on WB ESF to boost their knowledge and skills but also to enable them to train the remaining of the PIU and administrative Districts staff on the safeguard requirements. 7.2. Capacity development Effective implementation of Environment and Social Management Framework requires technical capacity in the human resource base of implementing institutions as well as logistical facilitation. Implementers (Project PIU and Districts Liaison Officers) need to understand inherent social and environmental issues and values and be able to clearly identify indicators of these. Even with existence of policies and laws such as the Environment new Law (2018), evidence on the ground still indicates that there is significant shortcoming in the abilities of local and district level stakeholders to correctly monitor, mitigate and manage environmental performance of development projects. It is important for EDCL PIU staff, District Environmentalist, Districts Liaison Officers and Electricity Engineer to get the appropriate trainings to ESF including WB ESSs and National environmental law and policy, which will help them ensuring that the project complies with Rwandese and WB’s environmental and social standards and policies, and that the project adheres to this updated ESMF. Enough understanding of the mechanisms for implementing the updated ESMF will need to be provided to the various stakeholders implementing the sub-projects. This will be important to support the teams appreciate their role in providing supervision, monitoring and evaluation including environmental reporting on the project activities. The PCU should carefully analyze the project scope, their availability to the project activities and their capacity for the successful implementation of the project and its updated ESMF. The project will recruit 2 more ESRM specialists’ staff additional to the 5 existing in the EDCL. 7.3. Implementation Arrangement Effective implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework for EAQIP will require technical capacity in the human resource base of implementing institutions as well as logistical facilitation. Implementers need to understand inherent social and environmental issues and values and be able to clearly identify indicators of these. The EAQIP will be implemented by EDCL and BRD. The existing EDCL-PCU has the necessary capacity for the project coordination, fiduciary, and ESR management aspects and has been rated satisfactory for the ongoing Bank-supported portfolio under its mandate and BRD has the experience of managing the similar project under the existing Renewable Energy Fund Project. The social and environmental specialists existing in RESSP will ensure compliance with environmental and social Page 175 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) risk related issues during the implementation of EAQIP subproject activities, public awareness, particularly among construction contractors and their works about the importance of undertaking development work while safeguarding the environment both biophysical social and environment. The EAQIP will fund the capacity building of PIU staffs. The main objective of the training is to support the newly created entities to develop capacity and in the medium term to have in-house capacity to mainstream safeguard activities and to upgrade skills and carry regular outreach about the utility benefits of compliance. This will help to improve the effectiveness of stakeholders at various levels in the management of environmental and social impacts during planning, implementation and operation of EAQIP subproject, and this is good for continued implementation and sustainability of project activities. The institutional capacity building of EDCL, BRD and the districts staff as the key stakeholders of EAQIP implementation at local level is necessary in different aspects of the implementation of the updated ESMF, including interpretation and implementation of environmental impact management guidelines and the World Bank ESSs and EHS guidelines, including the EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution. 6.4.4.10. 7.3.1. Responsible team and support Given that an updated ESMF activities will be implemented by several partners in 27 administrative Districts, there is a need to ensure that all concerned entities are included or kept informed on an updated ESMF implementation process during all stage of the project activities, the below figure illustrate the key concerned staff. Page 176 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Figure 10: ESRM Institutional Arrangement under EAQIP 6.4.4.11. 7.3.2. Environmental and Social management Unit under EAQIP The project will have an Environmental and Social Management Unit composed of: a. National Team b. District team c. Contractor team d. Supervision team The PIU will have an Environmental and Social Risk Management Unit composed of a Social Safeguards Specialist and an Environmental safeguards Specialist that are responsible for overseeing and coordinating all activities associated with an updated ESMF, manage all activities related to database, logistics, and interaction with other departments of Implementing Agencies. The responsibilities will be as follows: i. The implementation of an updated ESMF activities will be directly managed by the Environmental and Social Management Unit based in EDCL PIU. ii. For all components, Districts will have Project Liaison Officer who will work closely with the Branch Technical Engineer based at REG District Branch. The PIU will have a Social and Environmental Specialist at National level with the responsibility of overseeing the compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Framework including collection, disposal and recycling the spent batteries in the community in collaboration with the E- waste recycling facility. District based Project Liaison Officer will be supporting the District in Page 177 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) monitoring effectiveness of an updated ESMF, represent and periodically report to PIUs issues and concerns related to Stakeholders. The Environmental and Social management Unit at PIU and the Project Liaison Officer at District level will supervise the implementation of all resettlement activities. Furthermore, the Safeguard team will ensure that all stakeholder engagement aspects are a permanent item on all high-level management agendas and that all actions arising from management decisions are implemented. They will play a critical role as internal change agent for environmental/social and stakeholder-related matters in the PIU. This becomes important if environmental/social and stakeholder risks identified needs to be escalated for higher-level decision-making to identify a resolution. The ESRM team is required to remain actively involved with the ESIA and ESMP process implementation in order to identify potential risks or opportunities and ensure that the necessary administrative support is provided. Moreover, grievances submitted as a result of project implementation, temporarily land acquisition/resettlement processes need to be addressed under the GRM scheme. Responsibilities of the Safeguard team are detailed in sections below: 6.4.4.12. 7.3.3. Safeguard team and expropriation clerks based at EDCL-RUEAPRUEAP PIU The team is comprised of Environmental and Social Specialists based in RUEAPRUEAP-EDCL PIU. The team main role is to: (detailed responsibilities are described in the RUEAPRUEAP Program Implementation Manual), the ESRM team shall work closely with the expropriation clerks for speeding up the PAPs payments and other required documents when needed. i. Oversee all environmental safeguarding aspects of project activities implemented under the Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project; ii. Lead the development of guidelines/manuals and trainings materials for contractors to support implementation of an updated ESMF and other safeguard instruments; iii. Ensure a satisfactory implementation of the updated ESMF through frequent visits to project sites; iv. Assess closely the efficiency of GRM and regularly communicate with GRCs v. Ensure capacity building is provided to the GRCs through trainings, vi. Update RPF and other ESF instruments as required and recommend on necessary changes; vii. Report on quarterly and annual basis the progress of an updated ESMF and associated instruments to the WB and other development partners and facilitate external environmental audits if required 6.4.4.13. 7.3.4. Project Liaison Officer at District level Those will be EDCL-RUEAPRUEAP staffs based at every administrative District supporting the PIU in fulfilling safeguard obligations. District Project Liaison officer and Branch Technical Engineer staff will oversee and monitor project’s aspects related to environment, social, health and safety. The main responsibilities will include but not limited to: (i) Supporting PIU Environmental and Social Management in EDCL-RUEAPRUEAP, in assessing the effectiveness of RPF and associated documents as prepared; Page 178 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) (ii) Carryout regular site visits and take records of grievances logged by contractor and grievance committee and ensure complaints/grievances are handled following GRM; (iii)Establish and maintain effective working relationships with safeguarding experts working for contractor and supervisor; (iv) Liaise with District Administration Officials, supervising firm and contractors’ ESRM team to ensure that stakeholder an updated ESMF requirements/protocols are understood; (v) Carryout regular stakeholder’s consultation, risk and impact assessment and propose mitigation measures for emerging issues; (vi) Collect necessary data related to updated ESMF and other associated documents; (vii) Collect necessary data related to off grid for the users; (viii) Arrange field visits as required by PIU; (ix) Report the implementation status of updated ESMF and prepared ESMP; (x) Represent EDCL-RUEAPRUEAP PIU in all field activities including meetings with stakeholders at district level. 7.4. Roles and Responsibilities of Rwanda Energy Group, EDCL-PCU The ESMP/ESIA will address with specific details how the environmental and social impacts and their designed mitigation measures are to be monitored during implementation (construction/rehabilitation works) and operation (including maintenance stages). EDCL with the technical support of EDCL-PCU has the responsibility to successfully manage, mitigate or monitor any adverse impacts caused by their activities under this project during construction phase while during operation responsibilities to manage and maintain fall under EUCL responsibilities. EDCL assisted by EDCL-PCU environmental and social safeguard specialists’ team will monitor the implementation of the approved ESMP and technical designs. 7.5. Roles and Responsibilities of BRD BRD will administer and disburse funds to companies/ contractors for the component 3 of the project while EDCL will be the technical counterpart. All environmental and social risk management responsibilities will be ensured by EDCL ESRM team and the implementation of this an updated ESMF will be done by the same team. 7.6. Rwanda Environment Management Authority REMA will play the leading oversight role of monitoring the EAQIP activities. REMA will carry out this role by ensuring that the environmental and social management plans (ESMPs) contained in the cleared design package is being implemented as specified therein. REMA will monitor the reports on a regular basis, perhaps quarterly. They will rely on a bottom up feedback system to them from the ground by going through the monitoring reports prepared by the EDCL’s Environmental and Social specialist as well as consultants in cases where they will be used in preparing of the ESMP. REMA will also make regular site visits to inspect and verify for themselves the nature and extent of the impacts and the success or lack off, of the mitigation measures. REMA will prepare brief consolidated periodic monitoring reports for submission to the World Bank. 7.7. EDCL and EDCL-PCU Page 179 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) The EDCL-PCU ESRM Specialists and using external qualified environmental consultants will screen the design (using all drawings, specifications for workmanship and materials, screening checklist and review forms in Annex 3), for the rehabilitation and new works, at the NTARUKA HPP and along the proposed distribution lines, that all planning, building and environmental laws and requirements are complied with, and to identify any adverse potential and social environmental impacts of the designs. EDCL social and environmentalist and EDCL-PCU environmental and social specialists will work with the team of EDCL engineers to ensure that any adverse environmental impacts identified will be mitigated in the designs, before they are finalized. Some mitigation measures would be adjustments to the technical drawings, while others may require incorporation/adjustment of clauses to contract conditions or specifications for goods and workmanship. The EDCL engineers will also be provided with adequate training in environmental best practice aspects and management procedures related to design of distribution lines, effective mitigation and monitoring measures and reporting. Where land acquisition that leads to resettlement is expected, such as at the distribution and access to electrical lines, the Social Risk Management Specialist will use the separately prepared and disclosed Resettlement Policy Framework for this project, to guide and manage external consultants to prepare on behalf of EDCL, the appropriate Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), one for each affected site in accordance to the sub-project. EDCL and EDCL-PCU social and environmental specialists using external qualified consultants will prepare an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) to accompany the final designs (including complete set of contract documents) which will include details of all mitigation measures, including RAPs or ARAP, which will be sent to World Bank for review and clearance. Only after clearance of the ESIA/ESMP and from RDB can tenders be launched to select contractors to carry-out the works. RDB may require certain revisions to the ESIA before granting its clearance. Additionally, for sites affected by resettlement activities that lead to impacts on affected people requiring them to lose the assets, Construction works will commence after the PAPs are paid for their assets. The RAPs will be reviewed for compliance with the disclosed RPF. 6.4.4.14. 7.8. Project administration and coordination In Rwanda, each Ministry and independent agency have a unique PIU in charge of implementation of the project activities. This arrangement avoids the multiplication of development partners led PIUs within one Ministry implementing projects. PIU staffs are civil servants supported by national technical assistance recruited, as needed. This project will use the existing PIU for RESSP operating in the RUEAP and REF (PIU in BRD) which has experience of managing Line of credit and direct financing for off-grid electrification. EDCL will provide overall coordination of the project implementation and be technical counterpart for component three while BRD will administer and disburse the funds for the same component of the project. The implementation arrangement involves the following main actors: - EDCL Project Coordination Unit (PCU) to coordinate all the project activities and be technical counterpart for component three of the project including the implementation and follow up of this updated ESMF; - BRD to administer and disburse the funds for component three of the project; Page 180 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) - Energy Project liaison Officers to regularly monitor and report on environmental and social issues at districts level. - The district land valuer from one stop centre will assist, the project valuer in the identification and demarcation of the properties of project affected people - The Community who will be employed as manpower and get paid. - The community will be member of grievance redress committee at Cell and Sector level Note that the field officers based at districts will be coordinated by ESRM Specialists who will be at the Central Level and these will be the ones to consolidate reports to be submitted to the World Bank. The ESRM Specialists and Field Officers will be provided with the Capacity Building Training for improvement of their capacity to follow up on environmental and social risk matters. The project Implementation will be guided by the Project Implementation Manual (PIM). 7.9. Anticipated challenges based on lessons learnt from on-going projects (WB and other DPs) 6.4.4.15. 7.9.1. Anticipated project challenges The resettlement impacts present different challenges which should be handled fully so that the project be implemented smoothly. With respect to previous project implementation the main challenges included relocation issues, compensation payment delays, encroachment, disclosures meeting participation, contractors delaying to start which affect the relevancy of the RAP (Resettlement Action Plan), certified valuators using not updated asset prices and contractors using not enough skilled ESRM staff. All challenges were addressed in the precious project but also, they served as a lesson learnt for this project to implemented with least challenges due to the preparedness at hand. The table below illustrate the challenge, which is anticipated, the reason that would contribute to the defect and the way to overcome the challenge which should be used for effective preparedness and timely project implementation. Table 20: Anticipated challenges Challenge Reason How the challenge will be addressed Relocation PAPs with family conflicts will pose a - Engage fully local authorities and issues serious issue to the project involving community court known as ABUNZI physical relocation. to handle family and social issues involving litigation to be resolved in Some other social issues like asset which advance. were given like a collateral also may delay - To use public treasury account for the relocation process. compensation to people who are not on board during the required time as PAPs which are not on board due to stipulated in the expropriation law different reason especially when they are not 32/2015 of 11/6/20015. in the country and deny giving the power of attorney. Page 181 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Challenge Reason How the challenge will be addressed Compensation PAPs with family conflicts will pose a - Engage fully local authorities and payment delays serious issue to the project involving community court known as ABUNZI physical relocation. to handle family and social issues involving litigation to be resolved in Some other social issues like asset which advance. were given like a collateral also may delay - To use public treasury account for the relocation process. compensation to people who are not on board during the required time as PAPs which are not on board due to stipulated in the expropriation law different reason especially when they are not 32/2015 of 11/6/20015. in the country and deny giving the power of - Work closely with Local Government attorney. Officials to deliver the required PAPs who do not have the land titles` document for compensation on time and the District One Stop Center role PAPs without the Bank account will be crucial. PAPs without National ID Encroachment PAPs who can build houses in the Right of - To work closely with local Way with intention to be compensated for Government Officials for timely their houses after the cut-off date is information transmission. proclaimed. - Contractor staffs on board should regular check the irregular activities in the line routes. - To establish Grievance Redress Committees at all cell levels and make sure that they are trained for timely reporting. - To announce the cut off date to all concerned PAPs using UMUGANDA (Community works) and community assemblies’ meetings. Disclosures PAPs who are not available during the - Work closely with Local Government meeting public disclosure and hence do not raise Officials and GRC for mobilization to participation their issues on time due to different reason attend, and the relevancy of the such as people who are not in localities meeting. during the disclosure time, people who were - Prepare in advance the disclosure and not informed of the disclosure activity, be communicated publicly in different People who neglected the attending due to meetings assembling public. their mindset. Contractors Some contractors may delay to start the - Procurement should consider the past delaying to works or may even fail to deliver and quit performance of the contractor within Page 182 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Challenge Reason How the challenge will be addressed start which without any single activity as the case the country for the same duties where affect the experienced by RESSP for Overseas possible. relevancy of Infrastructure Alliance (India) Private the RAP Limited which completely failed to deliver and this resulted in the contract termination after two years of delay. Certified Valuators who use the prices which are not - Regular inspection of valuators valuators using up to date and result in over valuation or during asset inventory exercises and not updated under valuation of assets because the prices be ready to notice any inconsistency asset prices that are set by IRPV are updated annually in the valuation on time. and based on real market value. - To work closely with IRPV to handle the insolvent valuators. contractors Contractors who make internal recruitment - EDCL should make sure that every using not and recruit inexperienced staff due to safeguard staff’s CV is approved by enough skilled different reason including the reason that the project for competitiveness. ESRM staff. experienced worker are expensive, hence they fail to perform the environmental and social risks duties properly. Page 183 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) 7.10. Updated ESMF Implementation Activities and allocated Budget The total budget for an updated ESMF implementation is estimated at US$ 277,500.00, taking into account of existing current norms and expert estimates for proposed activities. The estimated total budget is highly influenced by the number of connections and MV lines that would require a full or partial environmental assessment to be undertaken before and during the subproject’s implementation. The budget for the implementation of the project environmental and social enhancement measures will be detailed while preparing ESIAs or ESMPs for EAQIP subprojects. The budget stands open for revision and improvement as and when needed by REG/EDCL. The ESMPs are site-specific and will be prepared at each subproject site in consultation with RUEAP Environmental and Social Risks Management Specialists. The ESIA will be prepared by the ESIA experts following the ESIA guidelines in Rwanda. Actions to be undertaken before and during the project implementation include (1) Training and capacity building for the project PIU; (2) Training and capacity building for Project Liaison Officers, contractor staff and supervisor staff, including the supporting staff, PAPs and local communities; (4) Preparation of ESIA for subprojects with that conditions; (5) Preparation of ESMP for subprojects, (6) Implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP); Monitoring and evaluation of ESMPs; and Implementation of grievance redress mechanism. The cost associated with these activities is shown in Table below. Table 21: Indicative Budget for the updated ESMF implementation Unit Number Unit cost No Activity to be undertaken cost (Districts) (USD$) (USD$) 1 Training and capacity building for the project PIU 14 185 5,000 Training and capacity building for District Environment 2 Officers, District Electricity Engineers, contractor staff 14 556 7,500 and supervisor staff, including the supporting staff Tranings of contractor staffs, consultation meetings with 3 14 741 10,000 PAPs and local communities 4 Preparation of ESIA for the projects 14 LS 50,000 5 Preparation of ESMP for different subprojects 14 LS 55,000 Implementation of Environmental and Social 6 14 LS 120,000 Management Plan (ESMP) 7 Monitoring and evaluation of ESMPs 14 LS 15,000 8 Implementation of grievance redress mechanism 14 LS 15,000 Total 277,500 LS: Lump Sum Page 184 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 8.1. Disclosure of an updated ESMF The ESMF serves as the project’s umbrella for the environmental and social management document, setting out the strategy to screening process that will ensure capturing all the project’s environmental and social issues. Disclosure of an updated ESMF should conform to the Public Communications Policy of the WB: Disclosure and Exchange of Information which requires that an updated ESMF document for WB projects be accessible to the interested parties and the general public. As soon as the client (MININFRA) receives the cleared an updated ESMF from the development partners, should initiate the process of public hearings which includes the disclosure of an updated ESMF document, arrangement of communication interaction with stakeholders and conduct public hearings. At the same time, the bidding commission shall include draft check list for ESMPs in the bidding packages and add a provision specifying that if new information arises out of (may occur in parallel) public hearings for the ESMPs to be updated, without effect on the budget of contracted companies (it is extremely rare occasion when changes in ESMPs checklists on the basis of public hearings require a significant budget increase which can put bidders at risk). After the successful contractor is selected, the contractor prepares site specific ESMP with due account of the contractor's equipment, technology, status of the facility etc. This document shall be included in the first monitoring report on the sub-project. 8.2. Public Consultation The public consultation for this updated ESMF was carried out in 27 administrative districts within the four provinces of Rwanda (Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern) and different relevant institutions from 20th January 2020 to 26 February 2020 and the result of public consultation showed that this project is urgently needed by the population but also some issues were raised concerning the delay in compensation payment. All stakeholders consulted promised to support the project as indicated in the Annex 7 of Public consultation outcomes. Public participation and community consultation will continue to be an integral part of social and environmental assessment process of the project. Consultation is used as a tool to inform project affected people, beneficiaries and stakeholders about the proposed activities both before and after the development decisions are made. It assisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory process helps in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participation of the local people in the decision-making process. Initial Public consultation has been carried out with Administrative districts within the project area, key institutions involved in project implementation and land acquisition. Further consultation is planned during the preparation and implementation of Resettlement Action Plans. The objectives of those consultations are to minimize probable adverse impacts of the project and to achieve speedy implementation of the project through bringing in awareness among the community on the benefits of the project. 8.3. Project Stakeholders Key stakeholders have been identified and initial discussions held with decision making bodies, key stakeholders, sector institutions and specialist experts were made on the very concepts and nature of the proposed project, giving emphasis on levels of public participation, role of key stakeholders and Page 185 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) joint contributions of these actors to the success of the project. In addition, the scope of the proposed project and possible means of maximizing local communities’ social, economic and environmental benefits from the project implementation were underlined. Key stakeholders identified for consultation during preparation of this ESMF include but not limited to the following: At national level: - Ministry of Environment (MoE); - Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA); - Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA); - Rwanda Development Board (RDB); - National Land Authority (NLA) At local level: - Local Government Officials (Districts and Sectors); - REG District Branch managers and - Potential Project Affected People (PAPs). List of consulted people is attached on annex 9 of this updated ESMF. 8.4. Public participation – methods and process During the Public consultation, the study team applied different participatory methods, namely; interviews, face-to-face discussions, focused group discussions (FGD) and official meetings with stakeholders. Stakeholders consulted were informed on the proposed project and by using the key guiding questionnaires, the study was able to guide discussions and obtain relevant information on the likely impacts of the project activities. 8.5. Feedback from initial consultation from stakeholders Initial one-to-one consultation and meeting were held with government or private institutions, academicians and researchers, concerned administrative districts officials, Administrative Sector level and few numbers of members of local communities, the detailed consultation outcome is available on annexe 7 of Itinerary of Stakeholder Consultations and outcome of this an updated ESMF. Table 22: Summary of the feedback from stakeholders’ consultation No Stakeholder Issues raised Response provided 1 Rwanda Has the Ministry of Once the project designs are completed and Environment Infrastructure budgeted required land and other assets known, the management for Resettlement Impacts Ministry will request for the compensation from Authority Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning to (REMA) secure the compensation fees. What will be done to The project is preparing this updated ESMF to ensure that the project foresee all environmental and social impacts so does not adversely affect that to develop the required mitigation measures. the environment? The projects will carry out ESIA for a detailed environmental and social impacts mitigation. Page 186 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) No Stakeholder Issues raised Response provided What is the mechanism The Ministry has agreed with DPs that put in place to ensure that construction works will start after compensation People are compensated of affected People. on time 2 Rwanda Land How the ministry is The concerned administrative districts are fully Management planning to work with involved in project preparation and and Land Use administrative districts implementation and the administrative districts Authority especially land Bureau? will be in charge of Resettlement process. How land under ROW The land use under RoW will be used referencing will be used after on the Guidelines No 01/GL/EL- implementation of the EWS/RURA/2015 project? 4 District Land Will all project Project components will be implemented in the Bureaus components be same time as this is urgently needed to achieve (District One implemented in the same NST1 target on time. stop Centres) time? How will you mitigate or To mitigate these issues, the ESIA for each avoid Environmental and project will be prepared in accordance with social impacts related to National environmental regulations and WB ESF the project? requirements detailing all mitigation. 4 Sector Level What do you think on This project will make difference to other project officials (SLM expropriation and as the consultation was started at early stage and and Executive compensation for this your views will be incorporated in the preparation Secretaries) project? of this project and you will be informed on the further process of the project. How this project should For vulnerable people who might be affected by support vulnerable the project, they suggest that these people must be people? compensated and suggested that a family member or relative to vulnerable people must be prioritized during job recruitment, and this will be detailed in ESIA which will be prepared. 5 Local We have heard even The REG-EDCL PIU will work closely with the Community experienced some administrative districts and ensure that all including projects that do not compensations are made before engineering compensate affected works start. Page 187 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) No Stakeholder Issues raised Response provided farmers assets or delay in organization providing compensation. Some of us will be The consultation meeting will be organized affected by the project. during RAP and ESIA preparation and all Which compensation concerned PAPs will choose the compensation mode do you prefer? methods to be applied. (compensation in cash or compensation in kind). Will our cooperatives Your organizations/cooperative will be able to benefit from this project increase their productivity due to the availability of the electricity and the service delivery to your customers will be improved because you will work many hours as you want for achieving your organizational goals. Page 188 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This an updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared in order to guide project planners, implementers and other stakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts in the Context of Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project. The updated ESMF provides project implementers with an environmental and social screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential environmental and social sub- projects’ impacts, in accordance with the Government of Rwanda, African Development Bank ISS and the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework and EHS guidelines. The implementation of the project will have the environmental and social impacts that should be mitigated following the updated ESMF guidelines. Successful implementation of this updated ESMF will depend to a large extent on the active participation of different key stakeholders (MININFRA, REMA, RDB, REG, EDCL, RUEAPRUEAP PIU, Districts, Private operators, academician and researchers, Home Solar Systems Companies and local communities). To be successful it is recommended that: - Environmental and Social awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected communities must be an integral part of the an updated ESMF implementation. - EDCL PIU staff, District Environmentalist, District Electricity Engineers and Sector land managers should be adequately trained to implement the screening process, and where required to help develop and to implement appropriate Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans. They should be empowered to adequately administer the updated ESMF and should be given the necessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation. - This updated ESMF should be regularly updated to respond to changing local and environmental conditions and should go through the national approval processes, reviewed and approved. It should also incorporate lessons learned from implementing various Components of the project activities. Page 189 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) REFERENCE 1. Government of Ghana (GoG), August 2019. ESMF, Savannah Investment Programme (SIP) 2. Government of Rwanda (GoR), 2015. ESMF, Rwanda Electricity Sector Strengthening Project. 3. GoR, 2012. ESMF, Third Rural Sector Support Project. 4. GoR, 2010. ESMF, Land Husbandry Water harvesting and Hill sides irrigation project. 5. GoR, 2004. Rwanda National Land Policy. Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forests, Water and Mines. 6. MININFRA, 2020. Concept note for Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project. 7. MININFRA, 2019. Biomass Energy Strategy, A sustainable path to clean cooking solution. 8. MINIRENA, 2010. Law No 17/2010 of 12/05/2010 establishing and organizing the real property valuation profession in Rwanda; 9. MoE, 2018. The Law (No. 48/2018 of 13/08/2018) on Environment determining the modalities for protecting, conserving and promoting the environment; 10. GoR, 2017. National Strategy for Transformation (2017-2024) _NST1; 12. N° 27/2021 of 10/06/2021 Law governing land 11. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, November 2018. EICV5 12. MIFOTRA, 2018. Law N° 66/2018 du 30/08/2018 Regulating Labour in Rwanda; 13. MoE, 2019. Ministerial Order No 001/ 2019 of 15/04/2019 establishing the list of projects that must undergo environmental impact assessment, instructions, requirements and procedures to conduct environmental impact assessment. 14. Ministerial Order n° 01/MIFOTRA/23 of 13/06/2023 on working hours and public servants governed by employment contracts 15. MININFRA, 2015. Rwanda Energy Policy; 16. MININFRA, 2018. Law amending Electricity law; 17. MININFRA, 2016. Rural Electrification strategy; 18. MININFRA, 2018. Energy sector strategic plan 19. GoR, 2015. Law No. 32/2015 of 11/06/2015 Relating to Expropriation in the Public Interest. 20. REG, 2019. REG Strategic plan; 21. MININFRA, 2020. Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program, Aide-Mémoire; 22. WB, Environmental and Social Framework; 23. WB, Environmental and Social Review Summary; 24. WB, ES GUIDELINES ON AIR EMISSION AND AMBIENT AIR (https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-general-ehs-guidelines-air-emissions-and- ambient-air-quality-en.pdf) 25. EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution (https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-electric- 26. IFC Guidance Note on EHS approaches for Hydropower projects (https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/mgrt/gpn-ehshydropower.pdf) Page 190 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) ANNEXES Annex 1: General Sub-Project Information INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Country Sub-project Title Sub-project area and Scope Institutional World Bank Project MININFRA arrangements (Project Team Leader) Management (Recipient) (Name and contacts) Implementation Safeguard Local Supervision Construction Contractor arrangements Supervision (District Electricity Supervision (Name and contacts) Engineer or Environmentalist) SITE DESCRIPTION Name of facility/site Describe the location Who is the land lot owner? Describe the geographical, physical, biological, geological, hydro-graphical and socio-economic context Indicative need construction Materials LEGAL FRAMEWORK Identify national and regional legal framework and permits applicable to the project Identify when / where the public hearings took place Page 191 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Annex 2: Checklist to Identify the Scope of Environmental Assessment and Application of Safeguard Provisions ENVIRONMENTAL/ SOCIAL SCREENING FOR THE APPLICATION OF ESF PROVISIONS Will the site Activity/issue Status activity include/involve A. General reconstruction and construction activities [ ]Yes [ ]No the following B. Impact on surface and ground waters [ ]Yes [ ]No aspects C. Buildings belonging to historical and cultural heritage and artifacts[ ]Yes [ ]No D. Land lot acquisition [ ]Yes [ ]No E. Hazardous or toxic materials and wastes [ ]Yes [ ]No F. Conservation of forests, wetlands and/or protected natural territories [ ]Yes [ ]No G. Risk of unexploded ordnance [ ]Yes [ ]No H. Traffic and pedestrian safety [ ]Yes [ ]No Page 192 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Annex 3: Checklist for Environmental Selection (Screening) of Sub-Projects CRITERIA YES NO Comments by SPIU Consultant for Engineering and Technical Monitoring Will the planned economic activity be located within or near protected natural territories or vulnerable area (unstable slope, gully, ravines, wetlands, water bodies) Can the works under this sub-project have a potential impact on areas that are important for local or national cultural heritage (memorial sites, tombs, cultural sites, etc.) Have residents or public associations expressed concerns or clear opposition with regard to environmental aspects of the planned economic activity? Is the vegetation cover planned to be disrupted during the reconstruction and retrofitting of the facility? Are the soil, lands and landscapes planned to be disrupted during the reconstruction and retrofitting of the facility? Will the planned economic activity induce an increased level of noise, ionizing radiation and vibration which will require the arrangement of noise, vibration and radiation management as required by the laws of the Republic Will the level of noise make an impact on neighboring? and staff or on facilities located close by (natural habitats, hospitals and medical institutions, social welfare centers)? Will measures be taken to reduce atmospheric air pollution during the performance of construction works? Is it planned to arrange and timely service appropriate toilets at the construction site? Is it planned to use hazardous materials and/or substances? in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Rwanda during the performance of reconstruction and retrofitting works, which: • require special permits or licenses • require licenses or trained personnel or prohibited • are subject to handling requirements in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Rwanda • can cause soil and water pollution in case no adequate management measures are taken Will a system be arranged to handle construction waste and solid utility waste during the performance of construction works? Page 193 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Annex 4: Suggested Format for a Sample Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) The ESMF emphasizes that an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) should fit the needs of a subproject and be easy to use. The basic elements of an ESMP are: a) A description of the subproject activity b) A description of potential Environmental and social impacts; c) A description of planned mitigation measures; d) An indication of institutional/individual responsibility for implementing e) A program for monitoring the Environmental and Social effects of the subproject both positive and negative (including supervision); f) mitigation measures (including enforcement and coordination); g) A time frame or schedule; and h) A cost estimate and source of funds. Table below is a matrix to be filled out for each subproject that will have a separate ESMP according its impact level. Subproject Potential Proposed Responsibility Monitoring Time Cost Activity Environmental Mitigation (including Requirements Frame or Estimate or Social Measures enforcement (including Schedule Impacts and supervision) coordination) Page 194 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) Annex 5: Impact Mitigation Measures ACTIVITY PARAM CHECKLIST FOR IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES BUD ETER GET 0. General Notificatio (a) District Director of One Stop Center, District Environmentalist, District Electricity Engineer and Sector Land Conditions n and Manager have been notified of upcoming activities. worker (b) The public has been notified of the upcoming works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at safety publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works). (c) All legally required permits to perform construction/repair/rehabilitation works, including extraction and transportation of required materials such as sands and gravels where needed, have been acquired. (d) The Contractor has formally consented that all works will be carried out in compliance with construction safety measures and construction rules to maximally minimize negative impacts on the health of neighboring residents and the environment. (e) Workers' personal protective equipment are available and will comply with international standards (there will always be used construction helmets and, where required, respirators and protective glasses, fall arrest mechanisms and special footwear). (f) Appropriate signposting of the sites will inform workers of key rules and regulations to follow. A. General Atmosphe (a) Dust management measures are taken during earthworks, e.g.: water spraying and topsoil watering. Reconstructi ric air (b) Construction waste excavated earth and aggregates are kept at controlled temporary storage sites with regular on, Quality watering and dust control. rehabilitation (c) During pneumatic drilling or removal of road surface layer or base, dust should be suppressed by ongoing and /or water spraying extension and/or installing on-site dust screen enclosures. activities (d) Pavements and roads around the site are kept free of dust and construction waste to reduce dust. (e) All machinery shall undergo timely maintenance at service stations with regard to CO emissions and smoke; construction equipment engine idling on site is not allowed. Noise (a) Construction/rehabilitation works shall be performed exclusively during working hours specified in the permit. (b) During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered equipment should be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible. Page 195 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) ACTIVITY PARAM CHECKLIST FOR IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES BUD ETER GET Water a) Anti-erosion and anti-slump measures shall be taken, in particular, the construction/rehabilitation site shall be quality banked; rainwater sewerage can be built, or earth stabilization can be done to prevent the slumped soil from moving beyond the construction site boundaries. Waste (a) Collection sites and facilities to use, neutralize and bury wastes shall be specified for all basic wastes expected Managem to be generated during the works to remove fertile topsoil, dismantling works and construction/rehabilitation ent works. (b) Construction/rehabilitation wastes will be separated from municipal wastes through their collection in different containers. (c) Construction/rehabilitation waste will be collected and appropriately disposed in authorized dumpsite (d) Waste management records will be maintained to prove appropriate waste management. B. Impact on Water (a) No uncontrolled ground water intake and no uncontrolled discharge of cement solutions or other polluted surface and quality waters into soil or nearby surface waters will be done. If necessary, the Contractor will apply and be granted ground permits for water use. waters (b) The site shall be equipped with sewerage systems and measures shall be taken to prevent pollution, blocking or other negative impact that construction/rehabilitation works can make on natural ecosystems. (c) Measures shall be taken to prevent spillage of fuels, lubricants and other toxic or hazardous substances. (d) Construction vehicles and machinery shall only be washed at specially designated areas, and polluted waste waters shall be prevented from getting into surface waters. C. Buildings Cultural (a) If construction works are performed near a cultural site or habitat for protected trees or animals, REMA and belonging to heritage the Ministry in charge of Culture shall be notified, and all necessary permits shall be obtained from competent historical and authorities, and all construction/rehabilitation works shall be planned and performed in accordance with the cultural national laws. heritage and (b) All necessary rules and requirements shall be met to ensure that artifacts or other possible 'chance finds' artifacts discovered during earthworks or construction works are inventoried and put on the register, the responsible persons are informed, and all works are suspended or their schedules are changed, depending on the finds' nature. To this end, chance finds procedure is attached in Annex 10 of this updated ESMF. The chance finds procedure will be annexed to the site specific ESIAs/ESMPs for subprojects as well. Page 196 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) ACTIVITY PARAM CHECKLIST FOR IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES BUD ETER GET D. Land lot Land lot (a) If no extension of territory has been planned but such necessity arises, advice shall be promptly sought from acquisition acquisitio the Project Implementation Team of the Ministry of Infrastructure. n (b) An approved Land Lot Selection Certificate will be implemented to locate the facility (if the design so Formalitie requires). s E. Hazardous or toxic materials and Asbestos (a) Training of staff who can potentially come into contact with the material to avoid damage and prevent exposure. wastes manageme The plan should be made available to all persons involved in operations and maintenance activities. nt and (b) Repair or removal and disposal of existing Asbestos Containing Materials in buildings should only be other performed by specially trained personnel following host country requirements, or in their absence, hazardous internationally recognized procedures. waste in (c) The asbestos removal should comply with the Prime Minister’s Instructions determining procedure for Ntaruka eradication of asbestos materials...52N° 002/03 du 05/05/2015. HPP (d) The contractor should work with Rwanda Asbestos removal Project under Rwanda Housing Authority which has asbestos removal in its attributions. (e) The contractor should have the contract with waste management company licensed by RURA with mandate to collect hazardous waste or nonhazardous waste. Managem (a) Temporary on-site storage of all hazardous or toxic substances and wastes belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2 ent of will be arranged in separate rooms (mercury-containing wastes, intact spent hazardous lead batteries with electrolyte inside, cell batteries etc.), including restricted access and marking affixed. substances (b)The hazardous waste management procedures shall be specified in the waste management manual. and wastes (c) Wastes shall be transported in accordance with legal requirements applicable to the transportation of hazardous wastes. (d) Paints or solvents with toxic ingredients or lead-based paints will not be used. Page 197 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) ACTIVITY PARAM CHECKLIST FOR IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES BUD ETER GET (e) All solar Home systems companies should present the certificate that they have contract with Enviro Serve Company which is Bugesera E-waste recycling company being in charge of e-waste management in Rwanda including recycling options. (f) Companies in Off grid components should submit waste management Plan addressing the collection, storage, Transportation and disposal of used solar panel and batteries. F. Ecosystem (a) All-natural ecosystems, wetlands and protected territories located in the immediate vicinity of the construction Conservation protection site will not be disturbed or used. of forests, (b) Protection measures should be taken regarding nearby wetlands to avoid erosion and fallout, including, e.g. wetlands construction site banking. and/or (c) It is prohibited to arrange borrow pits or storage sites or keep waste without authorization in adjacent areas, protected especially in unprotected areas. natural (d) It is prohibited to damage or use natural ecosystems, wetlands and protected territories located in the immediate territories vicinity of the construction/rehabilitation site. G. Risk of Hazard for a) Prior to any earthworks, the Contractor shall make sure that the construction site has been inspected for the unexploded human availability of unexploded ordinance. Ordnance health and safety H. Safety of Direct or (a) In line with national legal requirements, the contractor guarantees that the construction site will be fenced, and public indirect that the construction works will be clearly regulated at the site. transport and hazards to (b) Visible warning signs shall be posted for the public and public transport to notify of all potentially hazardous pedestrians public works. traffic and (c) A traffic management system and personnel training shall be arranged, especially about the access to the site pedestrian and heavy traffic in the vicinity. Safe passages and crossings for pedestrians will be provided in the locations of s by public traffic and construction machinery traffic. Page 198 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project EAQIP) ACTIVITY PARAM CHECKLIST FOR IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES BUD ETER GET constructi (d) Working hours shall be corrected depending on local traffic, e.g. to avoid heavy traffic in rush hours or on livestock driving hours.(e) Where needed, traffic management shall be carried out at the site to ensure safe passage of people. (f) Safe and uninterrupted access for the public to nearby offices, sales outlets and residential houses shall be maintained during construction works. G. Technical Direct assistance &/or Policies/regulations to be prepared through the TA activities should focus on: activities indirect • Reviewing taxes of cook stoves equipment by putting in this sector the intensive that will make the cook E&S stove affordable to the community. impacts • The energy source/fuel to be used in the cook stove should be tested for the emissions and the biomass with lower emissions shall be used. • Reducing the tax of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) which will reduce the buying price to the community, which will help to reduce the pressure on the forest. • Increasing the tax on charcoal which is massively used by the community to reduce by the half the population who depends on firewood. • People who previously should be given the alternative and priority in the promoted fuel eg: Clean cooking stove. H. Direct Reservoir sedimentation: Carry out of watershed management in the reservoir area to minimize erosion and NTARUKA &/or sedimentation in the Ntaruka reservoir; and Maximize useful life of the reservoir through continuous monitoring HPP indirect and use of sedimentation model for calculation of reservoir sedimentation. rehabilitatio E&S Changes to hydrological flow: Maintain downstream flow through allowing the minimum ecological flow rate n activities impacts and following approved reservoir operation procedures. Page 199 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 6: Terms of Reference for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment These Terms of Reference (TOR) are applicable to development projects involving Energy development projects. The ToRs outline the aspects of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) which when thoroughly addressed will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the sites, in terms of predicted environmental impacts, needed mitigation strategies, potentially viable alternatives to the development proposed and all related legislation. Planed Areas: Issues such as slope stability, impact on drainage patterns, property etc. should be examined. The path of the corridor cleared of vegetation for transmission lines, substations and Hydro power plants should be the major focus of this exercise. Rivers/ Riverine Areas: Issues such as erosion and siltation, macro invertebrate habitat destruction, disrupting of regular flow of the river and the possible impact of upstream activities on the area ecosystems e.g. wetlands etc. Distinct Terrestrial Forest Types: Issues relating to the specific growth form of the vegetation, the carrying capacity, the successional stage of the forest and the projected level of disturbance which the forest can withstand. Sites located within and adjacent to areas listed as protected or having protected species: The main issue(s) of concern will be in part determined by the local legislation as well as Government of Rwanda (GoR) responsibilities under applicable international conventions. The impact of the development on the specific sensitivities of the protected area should be highlighted. Mitigation of impacts should assess if the post mitigation status would be acceptable in the protected area context. Alternative sites should be rigorously evaluated. Socio–Economic issues such as land acquisition and impact of these conveyances on commerce in the community should be closely examined. The Environmental Impact Assessment should: 1) Provide a complete description of the corridor proposed for development. This should include a description of the main elements of the development, highlighting areas to be reserved for construction, the creation of verges and other green areas. - Identify the major environmental and social issues of concern through the presentation of baseline data which should include social and cultural considerations. Assess public perception of the proposed development. - Outline the Legislations and Regulations relevant to the project. - Predict the likely impacts of the development on the described environment, including direct, indirect and cumulative impacts, and indicate their relative importance to the design of the development’s facilities. - Identify mitigation action to be taken to minimize adverse impacts and quantify associated costs. - Design a Monitoring Plan which should ensure that the mitigation plan is adhered to. - Describe the alternatives to the project that could be considered at that site To ensure that a thorough Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is carried out, it is expected that the following tasks be undertaken: 1. Executive summary Page 200 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Concisely discusses significant findings and recommended actions. 2. Legal and institutional framework • Analyses the legal and institutional framework for the project, within which the environmental and social assessment is carried out, including the issues set out in ESS1, paragraph 264. • Compare the Borrower’s existing environmental and social framework and the ESSs and identify the gaps between them. • Identifies and assesses the environmental and social requirements of any co-financiers. • Outline the pertinent regulations and standards governing environmental quality, safety and health, protection of sensitive areas, protection of endangered species, siting and land use control at the national and local levels. The examination of the legislation should include at minimum, legislation such as the land law, Environmental protection and conservation law, expropriation law, the Public Health Act, the urban Planning Act, Building Codes and Standards, Development Orders and Plans and the appropriate international convention/protocol/treaty where applicable. 3. Description of the subproject • Concisely describes the proposed subproject and its geographic, environmental, social, and temporal context, including any offsite investments that may be required (e.g., dedicated pipelines, access roads, power supply, water supply, housing, and raw material and product storage facilities), as well as the project’s primary suppliers. • Through consideration of the details of the project, indicates the need for any plan to meet the requirements of ESS 1 through 10. • Includes a map of sufficient detail, showing the project site and the area that may be affected by the project’s direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts. 4. Baseline data This task involves the generation of baseline data which is used to describe the study area as follows: • Physical environment • Biological environment • Socio-economic and cultural constraints. It is expected that methodologies employed to obtain baseline and other data be clearly detailed. Baseline data should include: (A) Physical • A detailed description of the existing geology and hydrology. Special emphasis should be placed on storm water run-off, and drainage patterns. Any slope stability issues that could arise should be thoroughly explored. Page 201 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Water quality of any existing rivers, ponds, streams or coastal waters in the vicinity of the corridor or substation. Quality Indicators should include but not necessarily be limited to suspended solids, turbidity, oil and grease. • Climatic conditions and air quality in the area of influence including particulate matter wind speed and direction, precipitation, relative humidity and ambient temperatures, • Obvious sources of pollution existing and extent of contamination. (B) Biological • Present a detailed description of the flora and fauna (aquatic and terrestrial) in the proposed corridor of influence, with special emphasis on rare, endemic, protected or endangered species. Migratory species should also be considered. There may be the need to incorporate microorganisms to obtain an accurate baseline assessment. Generally, species dependence, niche specificity, community structure and diversity ought to be considered. (C) Socio-economic & cultural • Present and projected population; present and proposed land use; planned development activities, issues relating to squatting and relocation, community structure, employment, distribution of income, goods and services; recreation; public health and safety; • Cultural peculiarities, aspirations and attitudes should be explored. The historical importance of the area should also be examined. While this analysis is being conducted, it is expected that an assessment of public perception of the proposed development be conducted. This assessment may vary with community structure and may take multiple forms such as public meetings or questionnaires. 5. Identification of Potential Environmental and Social Impacts Takes into account all relevant environmental and social risks and impacts of the project. This will include the environmental and social risks and impacts specifically identified in ESS2 – 8, and any other environmental and social risks and impacts arising as a consequence of the specific nature and context of the project, including the risks and impacts identified in ESS1, paragraph 28. Identify potential impacts as they relate to, (but are not restricted by) the following: • public health and safety, risk assessment, change in drainage pattern flooding potential and aesthetics • landscape impacts of excavation and construction • loss of natural features, habitats and species by construction and operation • noise, air pollution, pollution of potable, coastal, surface and ground water - Socio-economic and cultural impacts. • Loss of land and assets due new transmission lines construction and operation • Distinguish between significant positive and negative impacts, direct and indirect, long term and immediate impacts. • Identify trigger, avoidable reversible and irreversible impacts. 6. Environmental and Social Management Plan Page 202 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Identifies mitigation measures and significant residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated and, to the extent possible, assesses the acceptability of those residual negative impacts. • Identifies differentiated measures so that adverse impacts do not fall disproportionately on the disadvantaged or vulnerable. • Assesses the feasibility of mitigating the environmental and social impacts; the capital and recurrent costs of proposed mitigation measures, and their suitability under local conditions; the institutional, training, and monitoring requirements for the proposed mitigation measures. • Specifies issues that do not require further attention, providing the basis for this determination Design a plan to monitor implementation of mitigation or compensation measures and project impacts during and post construction and decommissioning of the power lines. An Environmental and Social Management Plan for the long-term operations of the development should also be prepared. An outline monitoring programme should be included in the EIA, and a detailed version submitted to RDB’s e-portal system for review and approval and prior to the commencement of the development. At the minimum the monitoring programme and report should include: • The activity being monitored, and the parameters chosen to effectively carry out the exercise. • The methodology to be employed and the frequency of monitoring. • The sites and project components being monitored. These may in instances, be predetermined by the EDCL and should incorporate a control site where no impact from the development is expected. 7. Design measures • sets out the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed and specifies the applicable EHSGs or if the ESHGs are determined to be inapplicable, justifies recommended emission levels and approaches to pollution prevention and abatement that are consistent with GIIP. 8. Key measures and actions for the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) • Summarizes key measures and actions and the timeframe required for the project to meet the requirements of the ESSs. This will be used in developing the Environmental and Social Commitment Plan (ESCP). 9. ANNEXES • List of the individuals or organizations that prepared or contributed to the environmental and social assessment. • References—setting out the written materials both published and unpublished, that have been used. • Record of meetings, consultations and surveys with stakeholders, including those with affected people and other interested parties. The record specifies the means of such stakeholder engagement that were used to obtain the views of affected people and other interested parties. Page 203 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Tables presenting the relevant data referred to or summarized in the main text. • List of associated reports or plans. • Terms of reference; Page 204 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program(RUEAP) Annex 7: Itinerary of Stakeholder Consultations and outcome Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) KARONGI Administrative District January V/M ED District Considerable delays in compensation payments; Some cases Local authorities should work hand in hand 20,2020 Headquart of expropriation are also pending; with SACCOs (bank) in order to avoid Director of OSC er’ office errors in accounts numbers. Delays are generally due to errors not because of lack of funds District Electrical engineer but due to errors in account numbers; Local authorities should help the local population to secure the required document District environmental for a file to be complete. officer There is no problem with assets valuation. Local government officials should have a District land valuator permanent eye on hired certified valuator for The district staff presented the priority areas that urgently need Sector Executive secretaries the quality of valuation but also they should electricity and suggested that this should be the basis for speed up the activity of signing the forms planning on electrification within the district. Sector Land managers within their offices so that they can be Delayed people due to their cause like not having all required transferred to EDCL for payment documents should not stop the project to move on Compensation payments should be done The project should consider employing local people for their before the commencement of project works. economic development Local people who are physically capable will be given the priority for employment. Page 205 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) January Community including PAPs Nyarugeng Electricity can help them to go on the same speed as the The project will be implemented, and they 20,2020 e cell of country, they said that the country development is leaving will be having electricity at the end of it. Rubengera theme behind because they lack major infrastructures They should safeguard the electrical line and District including lack of access to reliable electricity. be ready to make this project productive by implementing the activities and project that The safety of the line will be safeguarded and different are energy based and develop the areas. activities like welding, haircut, showing movies… People who are ready and physically Please we are capable, for physical work, consider giving us capable will be given the priority in the job as we are ready to serve but also for development. employment as casual workers. RUSIZI Administrative District January V/Mayor ED District The delay in compensation is an issue. REG should fin a way REG has inventoried all old cases from 21,2020 headquarte to address all outstanding issues related to expropriation. district, and all have undergone the Director of OSC r office valuation, there payment is being done. There is an issue of poverty to local people, there is likelihood District Electrical engineer that they will not have the fund to purchase the cash power and Client who want cash power, they get it free make installation. Can the project help them in terms of of charge and they pay 50% as they consume District environmental installing their houses? until the debt is finished. officer District land valuator Sector Executive secretaries Sector Land managers RUTSIRO Administrative District Page 206 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) January V/Mayor ED District The project is appreciated. The valuation process will involve the local 23,2020 headquarte government officials as per Rwandan Director of OSC r office The compensation should be handled efficiently. expropriation law. District Electrical engineer The district will help to speed up the compensation process The involvement of the district will make and will be the public awareness campaign after the project the job easy. District environmental effectiveness and when all the lots are identified and marked. officer The project effectiveness is expected in July The encroachment after the cut off date will be avoided to the 2020. District land valuator extent possible. Sector Executive secretaries When the project is expected to get started? Sector Land managers NYABIHU Administrative District Page 207 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) January Director of OSC District The project is appreciated and any help for its implementation The district priority sites to be connected, 23,2020 video will be rendered. will be handed over to EDCL Planning so District Electrical engineer conference that they can be taken into consideration. office Community mobilization will be carried out for a smooth asset District environmental inventory and valuation. The local authorities will help the They will always be consulted before the officer valuer to avoid any delay and inconsistency in valuation. implementation of any project so that what is being done to them(they service they are District land valuator The district staff presented the priority areas that urgently need receiving) should be done considering the electricity and suggested that this should be the basis for district priority Sector Executive secretaries planning on electrification within the district. Sector Land managers NGORORERO Administrative District January V/Mayor FED District The project is appreciated and any help for its implementation The district priority sites to be connected, 24,2020 headquarte will be rendered. will be handed over to EDCL Planning so Director of OSC r office that they can be taken into consideration. Community mobilization will be carried out for a smooth asset District Electrical engineer inventory and valuation. The local authorities will help the They will always be consulted before the valuer to avoid any delay and inconsistency in valuation. implementation of any project so that what District environmental is being done to them (they service they are officer The district staff presented the priority areas that urgently need receiving) should be done considering the electricity and suggested that this should be the basis for district priority District land valuator planning on electrification within the district. Page 208 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) Sector Executive secretaries Sector Land managers RUBAVU administrative district January V/Mayor FED District The district staff presented the priority areas that urgently need The district priority sites to be connected, 27,2020 headquarte electricity and suggested that this should be the basis for will be handed over to EDCL Planning so Division manager r office planning on electrification within the district. This include the that they can be taken into consideration. district industrial park being considered and Kanzenze sector. District Electrical engineer They will always be consulted before the The information about compensation on the project being implementation of any project so that what District environmental implemented should be shared with district so that they can is being done to them (they service they are officer handle different relevant claims receiving) should be done considering the Sector Land managers district priority. The information about expropriation is available on REG website and every PAP can access his/her own account. Local community Akabagoyi The community appreciated this project and they are waiting The district priority sites to be connected, cell of impatiently the starting. will be handed over to EDCL Planning so Busasama that they can be taken into consideration. na sector They said that they are expecting a lot from this project, like getting casual jobs, but also it will help them in the They will always be consulted before the employment creation like welding, using mill, haircut saloon implementation of any project so that what but also they are fed up of darkness caused by the lack of is being done to them (they service they are electricity access receiving) should be done considering the district priority Page 209 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) GICUMBI administrative district January Dir OSC District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the The priority sites that were given will be 29,2020 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity handed over to EDCL planning department Sector Executive Secretaries r office according to their priority. for their consideration Sector Land managers All people cannot afford the price of meters. Will you give Normally REG facilitate all people who do them free meters? not have the means to purchase the meter. It REG Branch manager is given before and the payment is postpaid. The compensation is an issue. How are you planning to handle You pay 50% as you buy the cash power. this? We will involve local authorities and RULINDO administrative District January V/Mayor ED District Due to the big pace of development we are undergoing, The Project team appreciated the effort of 31,2020 meeting everyone needs access to electricity ever. Anything that you the district engagement and told the meeting District director of planning hall will need will be granted from the district as the main attendant that the sites as prioritized by the stakeholder. However, any planning on new sites to be district will be handed over to EDCL District Electrical engineer connected should take into account the priority from district. planning department for their consideration. District environmental The contractor should pay his workers on time. Always However, after the project effectiveness, the officer contractor do not pay labors on time. project team will also consult the district to update the data. Sector Land managers How will your project protect workers from accidents? The project will use World bank ES-Sectors environmental health and social guidelines to comply with occupational health and safety and Labor Management Procedure (LMP) is being prepared so that detail Page 210 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) concerning worker right should be captured and monitored for effective implementation. GAKENKE administrative District January VM ED District There is a problem of information sharing concerning The information on the update for 31,2020 Executive expropriation process and update. What will you do improve expropriation for PAP can be now accessed DES Secretary this? through website on the link: Office https://www.reg.rw/customer- Dir OSC Labors always claim from contractors, please follow up on service/expropriation/ contractors. Dir Planning Labor Management procedure is being The Health and safety of workers should be given the value, prepared for compliance on workers rights District Environmental and workers be given the Personal Protective Equipment. and employers responsibilities. Officer The project should consider giving job to local people for their Health and safety will be complied to World District Electricity Engineer economic development. Bank Standards, and the priority will be to eliminate the harm, but where not possible The District has the priority sites which urgently need to Personal Protective Equipment will be electricity, and these should be the one to connect first. used to ensure the safety of workers, employers , Visitors and the public. The sites provided by the district will be handed over to EDCL Planning department for their consideration. KAYONZA administrative District Page 211 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) February Director of One Stop Center District The district staff presented the priority areas that urgently need The district priority sites to be connected, 5, 2020 (OSC) headquarte electricity and suggested that this should be the basis for will be handed over to EDCL Planning so r office planning on electrification within the district. that they can be taken into consideration. District Electrical engineer The information about compensation on the project being They will always be consulted before the District environmental implemented should be shared with district so that they can implementation of any project so that what officer handle different relevant claims. is being done to them (they service they are receiving) should be done considering the District Land valuer The project should consider giving the local people the job. district priority. Kabarondo SLM But also should any them on time and make sure that they are The information about expropriation is protected from any occupational hazard. available on REG website and every PAP can access his/her own account. The information on the update for expropriation for PAP can be now accessed through website on the link: https://www.reg.rw/customer- service/expropriation/ Labor Management procedure is being prepared for compliance on workers rights and employers responsibilities. Health and safety will be complied to World Bank Standards, and the priority will be to eliminate the harm, but where not possible to Personal Protective Equipment will be Page 212 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) used to ensure the safety of workers, employers , Visitors and the public. Local community Kabarondo The community appreciated this project and they are waiting The district priority sites to be connected, Sector, impatiently the starting. will be handed over to EDCL Planning so Cyabajwe that they can be taken into consideration. Cell, They said that they are expecting a lot from this project, like Rwagwa getting casual jobs, but also it will help them in the They will always be consulted before the Village employment creation like welding, using mill, haircut saloon implementation of any project so that what but also, they are fed up of darkness caused by the lack of is being done to them (they service they are electricity access receiving) should be done considering the district priority KIREHE administrative District February Mayor District Compensation of losses is an issue since the payments process District officers suggested the 5, 2020 headquarte is long. After having collected the signed lists of beneficiaries decentralization of notonly the funds Dir OSC r offices on which the damaged assets and owed amount is mentioned, for compensation and the lists are sent to continue the journey to Kigali EDCL District forest officer headquarter to MINECOFIN, which pays beneficiaries expropriation but also to be given the ESIA District irrigation officer through BNR (Banque National du Rwanda) then from their report and involve its officers in the the compensation is deposited to the beneficiary’s account. planning and implementation of RUEAP Districtenvironmental The process is too long. subprojects officer The project will conduct public OSC Legal Advisor consultations during environmental and Page 213 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) The district has the two dumpsites where waste is sorted. social studies and reports will be disclosed However, Inorganic waste is becoming accumulated and will to the public. have to be transported for recycling industries. NGOMA administrative district February Dir OSC District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the The priority sites that were given will be 6, 2020 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity handed over to EDCL planning department District irrigation officer r offices according to their priority. for their consideration Districtenvironmental All people can not afford the price of meters. Will you give Normally REG facilitate all people who do officer them free meters? not have the means to purchase the meter. It is given before and the payment is postpaid. REG Branch Manager The compensation is an issue. How are you planning to handle You pay 50% as you buy the cash power. this? We will involve local authorities and local The district dumpsite will help for waste management; population by timely public awareness However, Inorganic waste is becoming accumulated and will campaign after the project effectiveness. have to be transported for recycling industries. NYAGATARE Administrative District February Mayor District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the Priority sites provided will be given to 6, 2020 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity EDCL Planning department for their Dir OSC r offices according to their priority. consideration. District of Social The district is a secondary city to Kigali and is developing development itself, the only matter is the lack of reliable energy to make heavy industries working. The existing electricity service is Page 214 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) District single phased and this only facilitates us only for lighting There is another project under Enabel which environmental purposes, we can not use machines. has started doing the upgrade from single officer phase to three phases. We will help the project to speed up compensation by getting REG Branch Manager involved in all steps of the compensation up to the district. We will carry out the public awareness campaign to mobilize people avail the required documents on time, and we will help them to secure those documents easily like land title, id cards, account so that we can have all PAPs cleared on time KAMONYI administrative District February DES District There is a problem of information sharing concerning The information on the update for 8, 2020 Executive expropriation process and update. What will you do improve expropriation for PAP can be now accessed Dir OSC Secretary this? through website on the link: Office https://www.reg.rw/customer- Dir Planning Labor always claim from contractors, please follow up on service/expropriation/ contractors. District Environmental Labor Management procedure is being Officer The Health and safety of workers should be given the value, prepared for compliance on workers rights and workers be given the Personal Protective Equipment. and employers responsibilities. District Electricity Engineer; The project should consider giving job to local people for their Health and safety will be complied to World REG Branch Manager economic development. Bank Standards, and the priority will be to GACURABWENGE SLM eliminate the harm, but where not possible The District has the priority sites which urgently need to Personal Protective Equipment will be electricity, and these should be the one to connect first. Page 215 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) used to ensure the safety of workers, employers , Visitors and the public. The sites provided by the district will be handed over to EDCL Planning department for their consideration. Local community Rubona The community appreciated this project and they are waiting The district priority sites to be connected, Cell impatiently the starting. will be handed over to EDCL Planning so that they can be taken into consideration. They said that they are expecting a lot from this project, like getting casual jobs, but also it will help them in the They will always be consulted before the employment creation like welding, using mill, haircut saloon implementation of any project so that what but also, they are fed up of darkness caused by the lack of is being done to them (they service they are electricity access receiving) should be done considering the district priority MUHANGA administrative District February V/Mayor ED District Due to the big pace of development we are undergoing, The Project team appreciated the effort of 12, 2020 meeting everyone needs access to electricity ever. Any thing that you the district engagement, and told the Director of OSC hall will need will be granted from the district as the main meeting attendant that the sites as prioritized stakeholder. However, any planning on new sites to be by the district will be handed over to EDCL REG Branch Manager connected should take into account the priority from district. planning department for their consideration. District director of planning The contractor should pay his workers on time. Always However, after the project effectiveness, the contractor do not pay labors on time. project team will also consult the district to District Electrical engineer update the data. How will your project protect workers from accidents? The project will use World bank environmental health and social guidelines Page 216 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) District environmental to comply with occupational health and officer safety and Labor Management Procedure (LMP) is being prepared so that detail Sector Land managers concerning worker right should be captured and monitored for effective implementation. ES-Sectors February MINICOM-BUGESERA E- Head We are ready to manage electronic waste; However, the The safeguards team through Social and 13, 2020 waste Recycling Facility: Office problem is that we normally do not get the totality of this waste Primary Energy department in EDCL will due to scavengers who always go everywhere looking for the liaise with all solar Home Systems e-Waste management recyclable waste as illegal business. There is also people who companies on this issue. They will be specialist do not know/do not care that if electronic material is used up mobilized to mobilize the clients and give a should not be disposed of with other waste, but should be regular report on the status of devices and given to people who can treat them. the waste management arrangement in place. We advise you to mobilize solar home systems companies to fully work with us and avoid to the extent possible the scavengers. People using the These solar Home Systems should be mobilized and make sure that at the end of solar system life, especially those batteries, they give them back to the company that sold the device to them, so that they can safely arrive at this e-waste recycling facility which was done for that purpose. RUHANGO administrative district Page 217 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) 17/02/20 Dir OSC District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the The priority sites that were given will be 20 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity handed over to EDCL planning department District irrigation officer r offices according to their priority. for their consideration Districtenvironmental All people can not afford the price of meters. Will you give Normally REG facilitate all people who do officer them free meters? not have the means to purchase the meter. It is given before and the payment is postpaid. REG Branch Manager The compensation is an issue. How are you planning to handle You pay 50% as you buy the cash power. this? We will involve local authorities and local The district dumpsite will help for waste management; population by timely public awareness However, Inorganic waste is becoming accumulated and will campaign after the project effectiveness. have to be transported for recycling industries. NYANZA Administrative Distrrict 18/02/20 V/Mayor ED District Due to the big pace of development we are undergoing, The Project team appreciated the effort of 20 meeting everyone needs access to electricity ever. Any thing that you the district engagement, and told the Director of OSC hall will need will be granted from the district as the main meeting attendant that the sites as prioritized stakeholder. However, any planning on new sites to be by the district will be handed over to EDCL REG Branch Manager connected should take into account the priority from district. planning department for their consideration. District director of planning The contractor should pay his workers on time. Always However, after the project effectiveness, the contractor do not pay labors on time. project team will also consult the district to District Electrical engineer update the data. How will your project protect workers from accidents? District environmental The project will use World bank officer environmental health and social guidelines to comply with occupational health and Sector Land managers safety and Labor Management Procedure (LMP) is being prepared so that detail Page 218 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) ES-Sectors concerning worker right should be captured and monitored for effective implementation. NYAMAGABE Administrative District 19/02/20 DES District There is a problem of information sharing concerning The information on the update for 20 Executive expropriation process and update. What will you do improve expropriation for PAP can be now accessed Dir OSC Secretary this? through website on the link: Office https://www.reg.rw/customer- Dir Planning Labors always claim from contractors, please follow up on service/expropriation/ contractors. District Environmental Labor Management procedure is being Officer The Health and safety of workers should be given the value, prepared for compliance on workers rights and workers be given the Personal Protective Equipment. and employers responsibilities. District Electricity Engineer; The project should consider giving job to local people for their Health and safety will be complied to World REG Branch Manager economic development. Bank Standards, and the priority will be to GACURABWENGE SLM eliminate the harm, but where not possible The District has the priority sites which urgently need to Personal Protective Equipment will be electricity, and these should be the one to connect first. used to ensure the safety of workers, employers , Visitors and the public. The sites provided by the district will be handed over to EDCL Planning department for their consideration. NYARUGURU Administrative District Page 219 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) 20/02/20 Dir OSC District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the Priority sites provided will be given to 20 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity EDCL Planning department for their District Social development r offices according to their priority. consideration. District environmental The district is developing itself, the only matter is the lack of There is another project under Enabel which officer reliable energy to make heavy industries working. The has started doing the upgrade from single existing electricity service is single phased and this only phase to three phases. REG Branch Manager facilitates us only for lighting purposes, we can not use machines. We will help the project to speed up compensation by getting involved in all steps of the compensation up to the district. We will carry out the public awareness campaign to mobilize people avail the required documents on time, and we will help them to secure those documents easily like land title, id cards, account so that we can have all PAPs cleared on time HUYE Administrative District 21/02/20 Mayor District Compensation of losses is an issue since the payments process District officers suggested the 20 headquarte is long. After having collected the signed lists of beneficiaries decentralization of notonly the funds Dir OSC r offices on which the damaged assets and owed amount is mentioned, for compensation and the lists are sent to continue the journey to Kigali EDCL District forest officer headquarter to MINECOFIN, which pays beneficiaries expropriation but also to be given the ESIA District irrigation officer through BNR (Banque National du Rwanda) then from their report and involve its officers in the the compensation is deposited to the beneficiary’s account. planning and implementation of RUEAP The process is too long. subprojects Page 220 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates Consulted person/ Venue Observation / Points raised by stakeholders Suggestions by stakeholders and how Position they are considered by the project (proposed action in this updated ESMF) Districtenvironmental The district has the two dumpsites where waste is sorted. The project will conduct public officer However, Inorganic waste is becoming accumulated and will consultations during environmental and have to be transported for recycling industries. social studies and reports will be disclosed OSC Legal Advisor to the public. GISAGARA Administrative District 22/02/20 Dir OSC District The district together with REG branch manager proposed the The priority sites that were given will be 20 headquarte site which are more isolated and need urgently electricity handed over to EDCL planning department Sector Executive Secretaries r office according to their priority. for their consideration Sector Land managers All people cannot afford the price of meters. Will you give Normally REG facilitate all people who do them free meters? not have the means to purchase the meter. It REG Branch manager is given before and the payment is postpaid. The compensation is an issue. How are you planning to handle You pay 50% as you buy the cash power. this? We will involve local authorities and Page 221 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 8: Timeframe for the consulted stakeholders a. Districts Administration Dates of Administrative Participants category Number of consultation District participants by name/Local gender Government Male Female 20/01/2020 Karongi Districts officials, Sector 19 3 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 21/01/2020 Rusizi Districts officials, Sector 26 6 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 21/01/2020 Nyamasheke Districts officials, Sector 8 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 23/01/2020 Rutsiro Districts officials, Sector 12 1 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 23/01/2020 Nyabihu Districts officials, Sector 17 4 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 24/01/2020 Ngororero Districts officials, Sector 15 3 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Page 222 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates of Administrative Participants category Number of consultation District participants by name/Local gender Government Male Female Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 27/01/2020 Rubavu Districts officials, Sector 9 1 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 31/02/2020 Gakenke Districts officials, Sector 29 14 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 25/02/2020 Musanze Districts officials, Sector 13 7 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 29/01/2020 Gicumbi Districts officials, Sector 27 5 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 31/01/2020 Rulindo Districts officials, Sector 26 8 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 31/01/2020 Burera Districts officials, Sector 9 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Page 223 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates of Administrative Participants category Number of consultation District participants by name/Local gender Government Male Female Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 13/02/2020 Bugesera Districts officials, Sector 7 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 05/02/2020 Kayonza Districts officials, Sector 11 1 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 06/02/2020 Ngoma Districts officials, Sector 21 9 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 06/02/2020 Nyagatare Districts officials, Sector 7 0 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 07/02/2020 Gatsibo Districts officials, Sector 9 4 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 05/02/2020 Kirehe Districts officials, Sector 8 1 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Page 224 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates of Administrative Participants category Number of consultation District participants by name/Local gender Government Male Female Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 11/02/2020 Rwamagana Districts officials, Sector 7 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 12/02/2020 Muhanga Districts officials, Sector 27 5 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 17/02/2020 Ruhango Districts officials, Sector 7 4 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 18/02/2020 Nyanza Districts officials, Sector 8 3 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 8/02/2020 Kamonyi Districts officials, Sector 13 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 19/02/2020 Nyamagabe Districts officials, Sector 13 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Page 225 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Dates of Administrative Participants category Number of consultation District participants by name/Local gender Government Male Female Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 20/02/2020 Nyaruguru Districts officials, Sector 9 3 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 21/02/2020 Huye Districts officials, Sector 13 2 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager 22/02/2020 Gisagara Districts officials, Sector 9 3 Executive Secretaries, SLM and Local Community, RUEAP Team, EUCL District Branch Manager b. Public and Private Institutions Date of INSTITUTION FULL NAMES POSITION Telephone consultation 24/02/20202 Ministry of Mr. DUSINGIZIMANA Environment & 0788799280 Environment Theophile Climate Change Policy Specialist& 24/02/2020 MININFRA Mr. SAFARI Brian Energy Economist 0788260031 Page 226 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Date of INSTITUTION FULL NAMES POSITION Telephone consultation 24/02/2020 RLUMA Miss. NISHIMWE M. Grace Head of Land 0788874562 Administration Department 25/02/2020 RDB Mr. KARARA Jean de Dieu EIA Specialist 0788422184 25/02/2020 REMA Mr. DUHUZE Remy Director of 0788612725 Norbert environmental regulation and pollution control 24/02/2020 Rwanda Forest Mr. MUGABO Jean Pierre Ag. DG 0784186776 Authority 13/02/2020 Enviroserve Mr. NDUWAYEZU Technical Supervisor 0784017924 Rwanda Green Venuste Park/Rwanda E- waste recycling Facility 25/02/2020 RURA Mr. MUTWARE Alexis Director of electricity 0788758071 and Renewable Energy 26/02/2020 IRPV Mr. MUNYABUGINGO Member of Committee 0788498888 Bonaventure on research and reference prices 26/02/2020 Energy Private Mr. NDAYISABA Eduard Vice Chairman & 0788302624 Developers Director of Operations and Development 26/02/2020 University of Mr. NSENGUMUREMYI Academician 0788866719 Rwanda Damien 17/02/2020 Catholic Institute of Dr. Innocent SIMPUNGA Academician and 0788 380 481 Kabgayi researcher Page 227 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 9: Attendance List of consulted people GAKENKE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT 1 NDAYISENGA P. FRED CRNO/MINAZI SECTOR 0785234298 2 NDATIMANA ALFRED INTERNAL AUDITOR 0783142324 3 MULANGI RONALD INTERNAL AUDITOR 0788821049 4 MUNYANEZA EMMANUEL RUSHAKI/ESJOMA 0785157405 5 NDAGIJIMANA ZEPHANIE RUSHAKI/GS KARUNGU 0788282228 6 NSENGIYUMVA FRANCOIS SECTOR ACCOUNTANT /RULI S 0789310019 7 J BOSCO TWUZUYEMBAZI GS MUYUNGWE 0788632672 8 TWIZEYIMANA ALPHONSE RP RULI 0788219865 9 MUSENGAYUMVE FRANCOISE GS CONGOLI 0788435115 10 NTIRENGANYA EPIMAQUE GAKENKE DISTRICT 0788764009 11 NSEKANABO ALEXANDRE GS KIREBE/KARAMBO 0788885014 12 NSENGIYUMVA EMMANUEL KIVURUGA/GAKENKE 0783857161 13 EMMANUEL BHIO/GAKENKE D 0788786172 14 MUGWANEZA PACIFIQUE EP RWANKUBA/HEADTEACHER 0788217713 15 HAKIZIMANA CALLIXTE GS.BUSAN/H.TEACHERANE 0783017831 16 MUKANDAKALI REGINE H. TEACHER MUYONGWE/GAKENKE 0783217500 17 HATEGEKIMANA THEONESTE ACCOUNTANT 0788814967 18 SAFARI JEAN BOSCO TUTULAIRE 0788540008 19 UMUTESI EMERTHE RULI 0783017998 20 MUKARUGWIRO ANGELE MUHONDO 0783494701 Page 228 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 21 NYIRAHAKIZIMANA DOMITILLE COKO 0788798457 22 HAGENIMANA LEONIE MINAZI 0787195543 23 BUREGEYA JEAN DAMASCENNE GASHENYI 0783261903 24 MUZINDUTSI JEAN PIERRE GASHENYI 0783261903 25 NAMBAJIMANA JEAN NEMBA 0788416116 26 NDORIMANA D GASHENYI 0788584366 27 MUKANOHELI PENINE KIVURUGA 0781288576 28 RENZAHO VIATEUR RUSASA 0788214808 29 HARAGIRIMANA GERARD RULI/H.TEACHER 0780260448 30 NDACYAYISENGA WELLARS RULI/H.TEACHER 0788513641 31 MUGISHA THEOPHILE DIRECTEUR/KAMUBUGA 0783259300 32 MUNYEMANA GRATIEN DIRECTEUR/BUYANGE/MATABA 0786934427 33 K. PHOCAS H.T.E.P.RUKORO 2 0788538793 34 NDAGIJIMANA FRODOUARD H. TEACHER 0788825250 35 BICAMUMAMUKUBA JMV H.TEACHER 0788503783 36 MANIRAKIZA ELISOPHON H.TEACHER/MINAZI 0783123482 37 RURANGIRWA FERDINAND H.TEACHER CYABINGO 0788595009 38 SOBUGA FAUSTIN H.TEACHER 0783026186 39 BISENGIMANA JANVIER E.S MUHONDO 0788519625 40 HAKIZIMANA JEAN BOSCO ES KARAMBO 0788843161 41 NDANGIZI KAGOBORA ETIENNE ES RUSHASHI 0788880200 42 NDACYAYISENGA PATRICK ES COKO 0788536416 43 NSENGUMUREMYI CASSIEN ES AI NEMBA 0786830734 44 RWIZIGURA SESHOBA AIMABLE E.C/GASHENYI 0788303816 Page 229 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 45 MUKEBWAMANZI GAUDENCE ES /KIVURUGA 0788490228 46 MWISENEZA ERIC ES MUGUNGA 0786831999 47 MUKESHIMANA ALICE ES CYABINGO 0788844080 48 NKURUNZIZA J.BOSCO ES/SECTOR 0788510793 49 UWIMANA CATHERINE UMASOC GAKENKE 0788453885 50 AIME FRANCOIS NIYONSENGA VICE MAYOR ED 0788490284 51 NKURANGA JOSEPH DES 0788302738 52 CHARLES R. NSANZABANDI DM 0788591168 53 MUKANGANGO FLORA DAF/NEMBA DH 0788456811 54 Dr KANEZA DEOGRATIAS DG NEMBA HOSPITAL 0781795074 55 MBONYINSHUTI ISSAIE ES MATABA 0788352032 56 GASASA EVERGISTE ES MUZO 0782828463 57 DUSABIMANA ALEXIS COMPTABLE DISTRICT 0788838847 58 KAMANA ALPHONSE COMPTALE MUZO SECTOR 0782275410 HABUMUMUREMYI JEAN 59 BAPTISTE SCHOOL MANAGER 0788806827 60 HAGUMIMANA STRATON SCHOOL MANAGER 0788822339 BUGESERA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT 1 NZAMURAMBAHO VALENS ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 0781133517 2 MUDASINGWA ALEX REG-BUGESERA BM 0788850441 3 NKURUNZIZA K. EGIDE Ag. Dir OSC 0788660005 NYAMAGABE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT Page 230 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) 1 KARINGANIRE INNOCENT REG BM 0788528456 2 EUGENE REG T.E 0788723325 3 UWIZERA DESIRE NYARUGURU Dir OSC 0788062030 4 NKUBITO GILDAS Ag. Dir OSC 0788350349 GISAGARA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT 1 DOMINIQUE BAKENERINZUNGU REG MANAGER 0783776603 2 MAURICE BAYINGANA DIRECTOR OSC 0788884288 3 HABINEZA JEAN PAUL VMED 0788588110 4 KABANDA CLAUDE ENVIRONMENT OFFICER 0788417857 5 SAFARI PACIFIQUE ELECTRICITY OF MAINTAINANCE 0782444762 NYANZA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT 1 MARCEL HABIMANA REG/EUCL 0788474543 NYANZA DISTRICT /ELECTRICAL 2 NSHIMYUMUREMYI EPHRON 0783142948 ENGINEER 3 HABIMANA EVARISTE NYANZA Dir of OSC 0788660969 4 USENGIMANA PHILBERT DISTRICT ENV.OFFICER 0788822963 NYANZA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT S/N FULL NAME POSITION CONTACT 1 KAYIBANDA OMAR BRANCH MANAGER 0788849900 2 SEBUTEGE ANGE MAYOR 0788847243 3 MUSAFIRI JEAN PIERRE DIRECTOR I.OSC 0788440182 Page 231 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact KARONGI ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 NIRAGIRE THEOPHILE V/MAYOR ED 0788437799 2 NTAKIRUTIMANA GASPARD ES MUBUGA 0782341912 3 NIYONSABA CYRIQUE ES GITESI 0782341903 4 AYABAGABO FAUSTIN ES BWISHYURA 0782341915 5 HABIMANA PROTEGENE ES GASHALI SECTOR 0782341202 6 NKUSI MEDARD ES RUGABANO 0782341910 7 NSENGIYUMVA R. SONGA ES MUTUNTU 0782841909 8 MUDACUMURA APHRODIS ES MURUNDI 0782341908 9 UWIMANA PHANUEL ES MURAMBI 0782341916 10 KUZABAGANWA VEDASTE ES RWANKUBA 0782341913 11 UWIMANA EMMANUEL SLM/GITESI 0783722220 12 UWIMBABAZI ELIE SLM/RUGANDA 0784692538 13 MBATEZIMANA JOSIANE ETAT CVM 0783420942 14 ISAAC MANANTIRENGANYA ENGINEER 0785418187 15 GATERANO ETIENNE SLM/MUNK 0787474941 16 DUSENGIMANA DAMIEN BRANCH MANAGER 0788646444 17 RUKESHA K. EMILE ES RUBENGERA SECTOR 0782341901 18 HAVUGIYAREMYE THARCISSE LAND MANAGER RUBENGERA 0787478144 19 NIKUZE MICHEL LAND MANAGER RUGABANO 0788901951 20 NSANGANIRA VIANNEY ES/SECTOR 0782341911 21 NSHIMYUMUREMYI JOEL BILLYING OFFICER 0783764640 22 DUSABIMANA CONCORDE TWUMBA SLM 0788897120 Page 232 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact RUTSIRO ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 RUTAYISIRE M. DEO ES RUHANGO 0788404433 2 HAGENIMANA MATTHIEN DISTRICT ELECTRICAL ENG. 0785543637 3 MUKESHIMANA MARIE ALICE SLM 0784559765 4 KAGABA JEAN BAPTISTE LAND MANAGER 0788869735 5 NDAGIJIMANA ALOYS LAND MANAGER 0787124020 6 HARERIMANA XAVERIEN LAND MANAGER MANIHIRA 0782520656 7 NIZIYIMANA AIME ADRIEN ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER 0788873199 8 KABARE JEAN PAUL EUCL/RUTSIRO BRANCH 0788761884 9 RUGABA ABEL AGRONOME/RUSEBEYA 0783533819 10 IREMISHAKA PASCAL SLM /GIHAGO 0782799596 11 SEKAMANA THEOPHILE SLM/RUHANGO 0782799596 RUBAVU ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 NZABONIMPA DEOGRATIAS V/MAYOR ED 0788672349 2 NTIBATEKEREZA INNOCENT ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 0782375205 3 NIYIBIZI NTABYERA HUBERT DIVISION MANAGER 0788612838 4 NDUWAYO ELIE SLM/CYANZARWE 0785828657 5 BUREGEYA EVARISTE SLM/KANAMA 0788634822 6 CAMUBANDI FRED SLM/BUSASAMANA 0782371571 7 KABERA SLM/KANZENZE 0788828722 8 AYINKAMIYE ODILLE SLM/NYAMYUMBA 0785220541 RUSIZI ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 KANKINDI LEONCIE V/M ED Page 233 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 2 DUKUZUMUREMYI ANNE MARIE SES/NYAKARENZO 3 HABIMANA EMMANUEL S/E GASHORA 4 BANZUBAZE THOMAS LAND MANAGER 5 NIYOMUGABO YUSUF LAND MANAGER 6 MUSHIMIYIMANA JANVIER ES OF THE SECTOR 7 RUKESHA EMMANUEL ES BUTARE SECTOR 8 NDAMYIMANA DANIEL ESAI OF THE SECTOR 9 RWANGO JEAN DE DIEU ES/NZAHAHA SECTOR 10 HATEGEKIMANA CLEVER ES GIKUNDAMVURA 11 MUNYEMANA PROSPER T.E RUSIZI BRANCH 12 HABIMANA MATHIAS ELECTRICITY M.ENG. 13 NTIKUGURURWA GERVAIS ES BUGARAMA 14 NTWUHARUWE NAPOLEON AIR OF SECTOR 15 CYIMANA METOR SCM /GIKUNDAMVURA 16 MURAGIMANA PIE SLM/BWENGE 17 HAGENIMANA JEAN DE DIEU ES GIHEKE 18 IRAGUHA BASILE SLM 19 IBONABYOSE JEAN DAMASCENE SLM 20 KAMANYANA EVELYNE SLM 21 BYIRINGIRO ZEPHANIE SLM 22 SIBOMANA APHRODIS SLM 23 NKURUNZIZA EMMANUEL SLM 24 KARANGWA ALEXIS DISTRICT DASSO COORD. Page 234 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 25 NIYIBIZI JEAN DE DIEU ES GIHURWE SECTOR 26 BISENGIMANA EUGENE AI ES NYAKABUYE 27 NZEYIMANA JEAN BEN FONTAINE LAND MANAGER KAMEMBE 28 NZABANDORA PIERRE LAND MANAGER BUGARAMA 29 IZADUKIZA MARIE CLAIRE SLM NYAKARENZO 30 NYIRANEZA RACHEL SLM GASHONGA 31 MUKANYANGEZI CHANTAL SLM MUGANZA 32 NEMA ESTHER SLM MURURU NYABIHU ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 UWIMANA BLANDINE AGRONOME 0789794343 2 DUKUZUMUREMYI BEATRICE 0788506617 3 DUSABUMUREMYI CLEMENT SLM/SHYIRA 0786818608 4 NSHIMYUMUKIZA ISRAEL SLM/KABARA 0785520370 5 NIYIGENA ERNEST SLM/JENDA 0785391736 6 BAVUDIRIJE JUVENAL DIRECTOR of OSC 0782719494 7 NDANDU MARCEL ES of Rurembo sector 0788812425 8 KAMPIRE GEORGETTE ES/JENDA SECTOR 0788446127 9 MITALI ADOLPHE TECHNICAL ENG.NYABIHU 0788612190 10 NDAHUNGA PRIMIEN CUSTOMER CARE OFFICER 0785656305 11 NDIKUMANA J. BAPTISTE AGRONOME 0788737020 12 MUSIRIKARE ADALBERT ES/JOMBA 0786995922 13 HABIYAREMYE AMINADABU LAND MULINGA 0782010854 14 BYUKUSENGE EMMANUEL ES/MULINGA 0783298455 Page 235 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 15 HAKIZIMANA INNOCENT ES/KINJOMBO 0788899707 16 NDAHIMANA JEAN PAUL SSLM/KARANGO 0788621097 17 UWIRINGIYIMANA ADEOOTUS LSLM/RUREMBO 0782007716 18 TUYIZERE FIACRE LAND RAMBURA 0788963122 19 NKURUNZIZA JOSEPH FORESTER MUKANIRA 0788460415 NGORORERO ADMNISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 PATRICK UWIHOREYE V/MAYOR ED 0788545643 2 KAYANGE CARINE INFRASTRUCTURE 0787334115 3 NIYOYITA FRANCIS SLM/NDARO 0788564399 4 UWIMANA JOSELYNE SLM/NYANGE 0788641112 5 MUNYANEZA FABIEN INTERN/NGORORERO 0788830286 6 NTEZIRYAYO PHILPPE SLM/HINDIRO 0784471454 7 MUJYANAMA MATHIAS SLM//KAGEYO 0782692628 8 MAPENDANO JMV SLM/NGORORERO 0788657078 9 IHORIKIZA MARIE CLAUDINE SLM/MUHORORO 0783221747 10 MUGEMANA J. BOSCO SLM/KABAYA 0783275902 11 TWAYIGIRA J.DE DIEU SLM/MATYAZO 0789677311 12 KAGABO NOEL SLM/KAVUMU 0785180169 13 HABINEZA SIMON PIERRE T.E NGORORERO 0788811532 14 KAYANGE JEAN D AMOUR ES SECTOR /NGORORERO 0788620002 15 NSANZIMANA AIMABLE SLM/BWIRA 0787075556 16 BIZIYAREMYE J. CLAUDE SLM/GATUMBA 0785757058 17 NTAYIMANA JP CELESTIN DIR.OSC 0783693888 Page 236 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact GICUMBI ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 MWANAFUNZI DEOGRATIAS ES/MIYOVE SECTOR 2 REBERAHO TELESPHORE AGRONOME/RUSHAKI SECTOR 3 MANIRAGUHA ANASTASE FAO/RUSHAKI 4 NIYITEGEKA ALPHONSE Ag.ES RUKOMO 5 NTIVUGURUZWA SYLVESTRE Ag.ES MANYAGIRO 6 BYIRINGIRO DAVID SECTOR LAND MANAGER 7 MBONIMPAYE HONORE Ag. LAND OFFICER RWAMIKO 8 NSHIMYIMANA THEOGENE LAND OFFICER/MANYAGIRO 9 BIZIMENYERA THEONESTE LAND OFFICER/NYANKENKE 10 NDACYAYISENGA SCHOWLWCK LAND OFFICER /BUKURE 11 INGABIRE FRANCINE LAND OFFICER MUKARANGE 12 MUKAWIZEYE LAND OFFICER BUKURE 13 NTEZIRYAYO ALPHONSE ELECTRICITY /GICUMBI 14 CHRYSOLOGUE NGENDAHAYO REG/EUCL MB 15 TUGIRIMANA EMMANUEL SLM/RUKOMO 16 BAYINGANA JMV VIANNEY ES/NYAMIYAGA 17 UWABAGIRA SERAPHINE LAND OFFICER 18 HAKIZIMANA EPAPHRODITE LAND OFFICER 19 SIBOMANA DAVID GILBERT LAND OFFICER 20 NSABIMANA JEAN PAUL LAND OFFICER/ 21 KWITARE LAMBERT ES/SHANGASHA SECT. 22 BENINGOMA OSCAR ES/MUKARANGE Page 237 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 23 MBARUSHIMANA PRUDENCE ES/MUTETE 24 NKUNZABERA SYLVESTRE ES/BUKURE 25 RUSIZANA JOSEPH ES/RWAMIKO SECTOR 26 JOLIE BEATRICE ES/NYANKENKE SECTOR 27 MUNYARUGERERO M. CRMO/KANIGA 28 ICYIMANA GERARD Ag.ES RUTARE 29 NSHIMIYIMANA VALENS Ag.ES/BYUMBA 30 ISHIMWE SAMWEL LAND OFFICER/MUTETE RULINDO ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 MULINDWA PROSPER V/MAYOR ED 0788600037 2 RUBAYITA ERIC ES KINIHIRA SECTOR 0782796385 3 MUTUYIMANA JEANNETTE ES CYUNGO SECTOR 0784322193 4 BIZUMUREMYI AL BASHIR D ES RULINDO 0788547558 5 NIYONIRINGIYE FELICIEN DIRECTOR OF OSC 0788493929 6 AYABAGABO ILDEPHONSE SLM 0783355552 7 NSABIMANA EMMANUEL SLM 0785382920 8 MUHAWENIMANA DESIRE SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0788755252 9 NZEYIMANA JEAN VEDASTE ES MBOGO 0783392112 10 NDAGIJIMANA FRODUALD ES/RWIGE 0783405137 11 MWUMVINEZAYIMANA FIACRE E/S B. SECTOR 0788470845 12 KAYIRANGA J. NEPO OSC LAWYER RULINDO HQ 0788436425 13 NSENGIYUMVA CHARLES LAND ADMIN 0788449981 14 NDAHAYO LEOPOLD SLM /CYUNGO 0788891554 Page 238 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 15 SEBAZUNGU J.BAPTISTE SLM /KISARO 0786423947 16 UWANYAGASANI SLM/NTARABANA SECTOR 0788656852 17 NDARUHUTSE JEAN CLAUDE SLM/RUKOZO 0783059986 18 NDIKUMANA ERNESTE SLM/MBOGO 0783195950 19 IYAKAREMYE PASCAL SLM/BUYOGA 0783215819 20 TWIZERIMANA JEAN BERCHMAS SLM/RUSINE 0788618494 21 MUSHIMIYIMANA JEAN PIERRE DASSO CYINZUZI SECTOR 0787435972 22 NIYONSABA SYMPHORIEN SLM/BUSHOKI 0784467531 23 MUHIGIRA ANTOINE ES OF SECTOR 0788533519 24 SHUMBUSHO PAPIAS ES OF RUTONDE CELL 0789175521 25 UMUBYEYI MEDIATRICE ES/TUMBA SECTOR 0783306572 26 NZEYIMANA PIERRE CLEVER ES/BUSHOKI SECTOR 0783311642 27 UWIRINGIYIMANA THOMAS RULINDOHQ/BUSHOKI 0788696663 28 NYIRAMUGISHA CHRISTINE SLM/BASE 0785633484 29 KUBWAMUNGU ELIE GOOD GOVERNANCE/MASORO 0788608277 30 UGIRIMBABAZI CONCESSA S/E KAJEVUBA 0789175507 31 MUHAYIMANA CELESTIN RULINDO REG-MANAGER 0788797778 32 UMUHOZA MARIE GRACE SLM/MASORO 0788414574 33 NKUNDABERA FAUSTIN SLM/CYINZUZI 0783632573 MUHANGA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 KAYIRANGA INNOCENT VICE MAYOR ECONOMIC 0788520131 2 KAYIRANGWA VESTINE ACTING ES/S 0785575186 3 BIGIRIMANA J.PAUL ACTING ES/S 0781727602 Page 239 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 4 BAZIZANE PACIFIQUE ACTING ES/CYEZA SECTOR 0787900774 5 MUKAMUTARI VALERIE ES SHYOGWE 0784561490 6 DUKUNDANE SERGE SLM SHYOGWE 0785990904 7 NTEZIYAREMYE GERMAIN ACTING ES KIYUMBA 0788553485 8 NYAMINANI AIMABLE ACTING ES 0788561296 9 NTAWURUHUNGA CHARLES ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 0785835558 10 MUKASETI ROSINE REG BRANCH MANAGER 0788520131 11 NZABONIMPA ONESPHORE Dir OSC MUHANGA DISTRICT 0788442779 12 NSENGIMANA SILAS ES/NYAMABUYE 0788629892 13 NDAYISABA AIMABLE ES KABACUZI 0788486630 14 NSHIMIYIMANA JEAN CLAUDE ES KIBANGU 0788616367 15 BYICAZA CLAUDE Ag MUHANGA 0788602586 16 NIRAGIRE EZECHIEL WATSAN 0782171069 17 MVUYEKURE EDOUARD SLM/RONGI 0781114939 18 RUZINDANA FIACRE AIR ES/MUHANGA 0788736203 19 HAKIZIMANA ALPHONSE SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0788482728 20 MUSHIMIYIMANA ESPERANCE S.LAND MANAGER 0783206589 21 HAGENIMANA EMMANUEL S.LAND /M.NYAMABUYE 0789591123 22 NIYONSENGA ALPHOSE SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0783892666 23 NDACYAYISABA ILDEPHONSE SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0785007928 24 NYIRAMUNINI MUKIZA SOLEIL SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0781289049 25 HABINEZA INNOCENT SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0788766534 26 NKUBITO AMOS SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0782128300 Page 240 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 27 NKURUNZIZA J.M.V SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0788884419 28 NTURANYENABO EMMANUEL SECTOR LAND MANAGER 0782017643 NGOMA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 MUTABAZI CELESTIN DIRECTOR OF OSC 0788611586 2 KANAYOGE ALEXIS ES NGOMA 0788384535 3 TURYAREBA SYLVESTRE ELECTRICITY ENG.NGOMA 0788437936 4 SEMATABARO MBWECK DISTRICT ENV.OFFICER 0788537075 RWAMAGANA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 IGOOMA STEPHEN BM/REG 0788480959 2 MUKANDAYISHIMIYE OLIVE DISTRICT EME 0783701390 3 RUBANGUTSANGABO ANSELME LAND VALUER 0788767091 KAYONZA ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 JEAN DE DIEU NYIRINGANGO BRANCH MANAGER 0787455215 2 DUKUZUMUREMYI EPIPHANIE DISTRICT EME 0786313798 3 GAKUNZI EMMANUEL Dir OSC 0788529572 4 KARANGWAYIRE CHARLOTTE LAND OFFICER/KABARONDO 0784374384 5 UZABAKIRIHO LAUBEN UMUTURAGE/CYABAJWA 0726734100 6 TWIZEYEMUNGU NOWA USHINZWE ISIBO KABARONDO 0780551826 7 NSENGIYUMVA PATRICE UMUTURAGE 0725177731 8 NSENGIYUMVA CELESTIN UMUTURAGE CYABAJWA 0726521958 9 NDUWAYEZU UMUTURAGE 0726007636 10 NTAWUKIRUWABO FERETIEN UMUTURAGE 0728087993 11 MUNYANEZA JEAN DAMASCENE MUTEKANO 0783100784 Page 241 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 12 UWIMANA SAMSON UMUJYANAMA 0789213265 13 MBONIGABA JEAN PAUL UMUTURAGE 0782928661 14 MANIRAGUHA LAURANT UMUTEKANO 0788368627 15 NIZEYIMANA ERIC MUTWARASIBO 0788749340 16 NSHIMIYIMANA JEAN PIERRE MUTWRASIBO 0785192602 17 NDAGIJIMANA EMMANUEL USHINZWE UMUTEKANO 0788278367 18 MUSAYIDIZI ANANIAS ES OF CELL 0788675111 NYAGATARE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 MUSHABE DAVID CLAUDIEN MAYOR/NYAGATARE 0788588011 2 NIYONKURU BENOIT BM/REG 0783145746 3 SAM GATUNGE Dir OS SOCIAL 0788407892 4 MUGENZI ENVIRONMENTAL 0783589143 5 MANIHIRA JEAN CLAUDE BUILDING INSPECTOR 0785638861 6 UWIZEYIMANA ETIENNE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER 0783870999 KAMONYI ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 BAHIZI EMMANUEL DES 0783124092 2 KALISA ROSINE REG-Branch MANAGER 0788553013 3 ABRAHAM UKWISHAKA DIRECTOR/OSC 0783090582 4 RUBADUKA SAMSON DIRECTOR/PM&E Ag. 0783439678 5 KABALISA VALUAS DDMO 0788826134 6 UZABATUNGA BERTRARD SLM GACURABWENGE SECT. 0788554693 7 MINANI JEAN PAUL TEACHER (RUBONA PRIMARY) 0787133517 8 NISHIMWE ALLERUA TAILLEUR/GACURABWENGE 0724099492 Page 242 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) No Full names Position Contact 9 HITAYEZU FIDELE UMUCURUZI/RUBONA 0728436062 10 HAKUZIYAREMYE XAVER UMUCURUZI/RUBONA 078367790 11 NDIHOKUBWAYO AROYS UMUCURUZI/RUBONA 0783481202 12 NSENGIYUMVA JUVENSI UMUCURUZI 13 BIKORIMANA PASTOR EPR 14 NSENGIYUMVA JEAN UMUHINZI/UMWUBATSI 0785225985 KIREHE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT 1 MUZUNGU GERALD MAYOR/KIREHE 2 EGIDE MASUMBUKO CUSTOMER CARE OFFICER 3 MARC NTIRENGANYA ELECTRICIAN 4 BUTETO MONIQUE DISTRICT IRRIGATION OFICER 5 NGIRABAKUNZI OCTAVIEN DISTRICT ENVIRON. OFICER 6 KALINDA M. VITAL FOREST&NR 7 MUNYANEZA WILLIAM DIR OSC/KIREHE DISTRICT Annex 10: Signed attendance list for 4 Provinces of Rwanda Western Southern Nothern Estern Province.pdf Province.pdf Province.pdf Province.pdf Annex 11: Chance find procedures under EAQIP Chance find procedures under Rwanda Energy Access and Quality Improvement Project will be designed as follows: - Immediate Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find. Page 243 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) - Delineate the discovered site or area. - Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities take over. The Institute of National Museum of Rwanda shall be responsible for significant movable and immovable cultural property that pertains to Rwanda history, heroes and the conservation of historical artifacts and the National Museum shall be responsible for significant movable and immovable cultural and natural property pertaining to collections of fine arts, archaeology, anthropology, botany, geology, zoology and astronomy, including its conservation aspect. Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division take over. The address of Institute of National Museum of Rwanda is as follows: - Rwanda, Huye - Address: SH 1RD 2 - P.O.BOX 6397, Kigali - +250730741093 - +250783379597 - E-mail: info@museum.gov.rw - Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division immediately (less than 24 hours). - Contact the responsible local authorities and the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division who would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archaeologists of the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values. - Ensure that decisions on how to handle the finding be taken by the responsible authorities and the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division. This could include changes in the layout (such as when the finding is an irremovable remain of cultural or archaeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage. - Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda Cultural Properties Division; and - Construction work will resume only after authorization is given by the responsible local authorities and the Institute of National Museum of Rwanda, Cultural Properties Division concerning the safeguard of the heritage. - These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, environmental and social risks Procedures for Inclusion in the Technical Specifications for Contracts. During project supervision, the Site Engineer in collaboration with the contractor ESRM staff shall monitor the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered are observed. - Relevant findings will be recorded by the ESRM team and will be reported in monitoring and Evaluation Report on quarterly basis to the World Bank, and Implementation Completion Report on ESF part will Page 244 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) assess the overall effectiveness of the project’s cultural property mitigation, management, and activities when the chance find encountered during the implementation. Page 245 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 12: Environment Health and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution The EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution include information relevant to power transmission between a generation facility and a substation located within an electricity grid, in addition to power distribution from a substation to consumers located in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. 1. Environmental Impacts mitigation guidelines Right-of-way construction • Proper Site transmission and distribution rights-of-way, access roads, lines, towers, and substations to avoid critical habitat through use of existing utility and transport corridors for transmission and distribution, and existing roads and tracks for access roads, whenever possible; • Installation of transmission lines above existing vegetation to avoid land clearing; • Avoidance of construction activities during the breeding season and other sensitive seasons or times of day; • Revegetation of disturbed areas with native plant species; Removal of invasive plant species during routine vegetation maintenance (see right-of-way maintenance section below). Right of way maintenance • Implement an integrated vegetation management approach (IVM). The selective removal of tall-growing tree species and the encouragement of low-growing grasses and shrubs. Observing manufacturer machinery and equipment guidelines, procedures with regard to noise, and oil spill prevention and emergency response; • Avoiding clearing in riparian areas; • Avoiding use of machinery in the vicinity of watercourses. Page 246 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Forest Fires • Monitoring right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk; • Removing blowdown and other high-hazard fuel accumulations; • Time thinning, slashing, and other maintenance activities to avoid forest fire seasons; • Planting and managing fire resistant species (e.g. hardwoods) within, and adjacent to, rights-of-way; Establishing a network of fuel breaks of less flammable materials or cleared land to slow progress of fires and allow firefighting access. Avian and Bat Collisions and Electrocutions • Aligning transmission corridors to avoid critical; • Maintaining1.5 meter (60-inch) spacing between energized components and grounded hardware or, where spacing is not feasible, covering energized parts and hardware; • Considering the installation of underground transmission and distribution lines in sensitive areas (e.g. critical natural habitats). Aquatic Habitat Alteration • Site power transmission towers and substations to avoid critical aquatic habitat (e.g. watercourses, wetlands, and riparian areas; • Minimizing clearing and disruption to riparian vegetation. Electric and Magnetic Fields • Evaluating potential exposure to the public against the reference levels developed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Average and peak exposure levels should remain below the ICNIRP recommendation for General Public Exposure; • Considering siting new facilities so as to avoid or minimize exposure to the public. Installation of transmission lines or other high voltage equipment above or adjacent to residential properties or other locations intended for highly frequent human occupancy, (e.g. schools or offices), should be avoided; • If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommended exposure limits, application of engineering techniques should be considered to reduce the EMF produced by power lines or transformers. Hazardous Materials • The use of SF6 should be avoided due to its potential GHGs potential effect. • Replacing existing transformers and other electrical equipment containing PCB, and ensuring appropriate storage, decontamination, and disposal of contaminated units; • Prior to final disposal, retired transformers and equipment containing PCB should be stored on a concrete pad with curbs sufficient to contain the liquid contents of these containers should they be spilled or leaked. The storage area should also have a roof to prevent precipitation from collecting in the storage area. Disposal should involve facilities capable of safely transporting and disposing of hazardous waste containing PCB. Page 247 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Wood Preservatives • Poles should be pre-treated at an appropriate facility to ensure chemical fixation and prevent leaching, and to impede the formation of surface residues at the right-of-way. 2. Occupational Health and Safety guidelines Occupational health and safety hazards specific to electric power transmission and distribution projects primarily include: Live power lines; Working at height; Electric and magnetic fields; Exposure to chemicals Live Power lines • Only allowing trained and certified workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical equipment; • Deactivating and properly grounding live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity, to the lines; • Ensuring that live-wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific safety and insulation standards; • Workers should not approach an exposed energized or conductive part even if properly trained unless: The worker is properly insulated from the energized part with gloves or other approved insulation or the energized part is properly insulated from the worker and any other conductive object or the worker is properly isolated and insulated from any other conductive object (live-line work); • Where maintenance and operation is required within minimum setback distances, specific training, safety measures, personal safety devices, and other precautions should be defined in a health and safety plan; • Workers not directly associated with power transmission and distribution activities who are operating around power lines or power substations should adhere to local legislation, standards, and guidelines relating to minimum approach distances for excavations, tools, vehicles, pruning, and other activities; • Minimum hot stick distances may only be reduced provided that the distance remaining is greater than the distance between the energized part and a grounded surface. Working at height on poles and structures • Testing structures for integrity prior to undertaking work; • Implementation of a fall protection program that includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures; • Inspection, maintenance, and replacement of fall protection equipment; and rescue of fall-arrested workers, among others; • Establishment of criteria for use of 100 percent fall protection (typically when working over 2 meters above the working surface, but sometimes extended to 7meters, depending on the activity). The fall protection system should be appropriate for the tower structure and necessary movements, including ascent, descent, and moving from point to point; • Installation of fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection systems; • Provision of an adequate work-positioning device system for workers; Connectors on positioning systems should be compatible with the tower components to which they are attached; • Hoisting equipment should be properly rated and maintained and hoist operators properly trained; Page 248 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Safety belts should be of not less than 16millimeters (mm)(5/8 inch) two-in-one nylon or material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts should be replaced before signs of aging or fraying of fibers become evident; • When operating power tools at height, workers should use a second (backup) safety strap; • Signs and other obstructions should be removed from poles or structures prior to undertaking work; • An approved tool bag should be used for raising or lowering tools or materials to workers on structures. Electric and magnetic fields Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) • Identification of potential exposure levels in the workplace, including surveys of exposure levels in new projects and the use of personal monitors during working activities; • Training of workers in the identification of occupational EMF levels and hazards; • Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, limiting access to properly trained workers; • Implementation of action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Action plans to address occupational exposure may include limiting exposure time through work rotation, increasing the distance between the source and the worker, when feasible, or the use of shielding materials. Exposure to chemicals • Train personnel to apply pesticides and ensure that personnel have received the necessary certifications, or equivalent training where such certifications are not required; • Respect post-treatment intervals to avoid operator exposure during reentry to crops with residues of pesticides; • Ensure hygiene practices are followed to avoid exposure of family members to pesticides residues. 3. Community Health and Safety guidelines The operation of live power distribution lines and substations may generate the following industry-specific impacts to the community: Electrocution; Electromagnetic interference; Visual amenity; Noise and Ozone and Aircraft Navigation Safety Electrocution • Use of signs, barriers (e.g. locks on doors, use of gates, use of steel posts surrounding transmission towers, particularly in urban areas), and education / public outreach to prevent public contact with potentially dangerous equipment; • Grounding conducting objects (e.g. fences or other metallic structures) installed near power lines, to prevent shock. Noise and Ozone Page 249 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • To mitigate this impact during project planning stages to locate rights-of-way away from human receptors, to the extent possible and use of noise barriers or noise canceling acoustic devices should be considered as necessary. 4. Performance Indicators and Monitoring Environment: Environmental monitoring activities should be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the particular project. Monitoring frequency should be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring data should be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. Occupational Health and Safety: Projects should try to reduce the number of accidents among project workers (whether directly employed or subcontracted) to a rate of zero, especially accidents that could result in lost work time, different levels of disability, or even fatalities. Facility rates may be benchmarked against the performance of facilities in this sector in developed countries through consultation with published sources. Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents. Page 250 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 13: Guidelines for Management of Solar Panels and Batteries (including Recycling/Safe Disposal) in Off-grid Electrification (part of Component 3) 1. Quality requirement Crystalline type solar PV panels are the only minimum quality recommended panels for importation. 2. Minimum Service level requirements They should have enough electricity to power at least: • Three lamps of at least120 lumens each, operating at least four hours per day • A mobile phone charge supply for at least two hours per day • A radio charge supply for at least five hours per night • Supply the above loads for least one day without input from the solar module/when there is sunshine • Product labeling for system part is mandatory. Eg: Batteries: Voltage storage capacity (in mAh, Ah, or Wh), battery chemistry (eg: lead-acid, lithium iron phosphate, lithium-ion,) • Dismountable system parts (eg: lamp and battery) and system compatibility is recommended to allow for spare parts replacement. 3. Warranty requirements • A minimum of three years’ warranty and after sales contract that commits to the availability of spare parts and technical service for minimum five years after the installation of the system. 4. Electrical installation Electrical regulations shall follow the REGULATIONS 002/EL/ENRGY/RURA/2012 ON ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 5. Battery No batteries should contain Cadmium or Mercury at levels greater than treatable amounts 6. Agreement The agreement of between purchase and supplier shall cover the following: • Responsibilities of purchase/user with timeline • Responsibilities of the supplier • Dispute resolutions/complaints handling • Details of the after sales services including timeline, 7. Waste management The supplier, herein the company that has contract with EDCL to supply the solar home system in the community should: Page 251 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) • Have contract of waste collection and transportation with EnviroSource Rwanda Green Park/Rwanda E- waste Recycling Facility which can recycle the panel and the used batteries. • Submit the waste management Plan providing the details about collection and transportation of used panel and batteries • The waste management plan should be established based on the annex 12 of Waste Management Plan of this updated ESMF, • Waste management should comply with REGULATIONS N0 002 OF 26/04/2018 GOVERNING E- WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RWANDA Page 252 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 14: Indicative contents of waste management plan - Introduction: Here the contractor should provide the executive summary on waste management and the relevancy to the project Component. - A review and analysis of national and institutional policy and legislation related to waste - A description of National legal, policy and procedures in relation to waste management - A description of the general types and an indication of likely quantities of waste likely to be generated by the proposed development; - Waste Management Principles; These principles, with the procedures above, will form the basis of the waste management Plan including the used solar panels and batteries. The contractor should discuss in detail the way to • Minimize, • Reuse, • Recycle, • Disposal and recover. - Waste management implementation plan and institutional arrangement: In this section the contractor should discuss in detail how the waste management will be implemented focusing mainly on the way to: • Collect waste • Storage of waste • Waste transportation • Waste disposal He should also discuss an arrangement showing how he will be working with Local Government Officials and Local population to access to produced waste especially waste concerning the used solar home system including used panels and batteries at the end of life. The implementation arrangement should also show the need to work with certified company for electronic waste management where the contract for collection, transportation and disposal is mandatory and a pre-requisite requirement for being awarded a contract to work in the area of Off Grid intensification in Rwanda for the EAQIP. Page 253 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 15: Expected Administrative Districts under EAQIP per development Partners ID Province District DP 1 North Burera WB&AFD 2 North Gakenke OFID&SFD 3 North Gicumbi WB&AFD 4 North Musanze WB&AFD 5 North Rulindo WB&AFD 6 South Kamonyi OFID&SFD 7 South Muhanga OFID&SFD 8 West Karongi WB&AFD 9 West Ngororero WB&AFD 10 West Nyabihu WB&AFD 11 West Nyamasheke WB&AFD 12 West Rubavu WB&AFD 13 West Rusizi WB&AFD 14 West Rutsiro WB&AFD Page 254 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 16: Sample of the photo-log during public consultation meeting Page 255 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Annex 17: ECOP-EDCL (click the link below) Copy of ECOP -EDCL.docx Annex 18: Rema Clearance on Medium and Low voltage lines Page 256 of 270 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rwanda Universal Energy Access Program (RUEAP) Page 257 of 270