TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1202 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW Underground storage of natural gas is regarded as an important option for Turkey. With increasing gas consumption, underground storage is needed to balance peak demand with approximately constant gas supply. BOTA,, (Turkish Petroleum Pipeline Corporation) proposes to construct an Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility approximately 200 km south of Ankara in the central part of Turkey, approximately 40 km south of Tuz Golu (or "Salt Lake"): an extensive 162,000 ha salt marsh in the central region of Turkey (Refer to Figure 1 for project location) The Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project (UNGSP) will create a series of underground gas storage cavems by controlled fresh water dissolving of portions of the extensive underground natural salt formations existing at approximately a depth of 1000 m. A geological screening procedure identified Tuz Golu, as the highest priority Turkish site, where salt cavems could be created. It is a favorable site because: (a) it is not far from Ankara, (b) it is close to the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of existing Eastem Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line (approximately 19 km) and (c) an extensive formation of pure rock salt with suitable dimensions and mechanical characteristics is available (d) it is the least seismically active region in Turkey. To establish the technical feasibility of the Tuz Golu salt structure, BOTA, evaluated seismic characteristics of the site, mechanical characteristics of the salt cores, and hydrological requirements for leachate water supply and brine disposal. A detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) study was conducted to satisfy Turkish Environmental regulatory requirements. The EIA was officially approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) on 19.08.2003. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The salt domes are located at approximately 700 m depth, have a thickness of 700- 1500 m, and will be leached using fresh water supplied from the Hirfanli Dam (see Section 1.2.1(a) below). The brine (solution) resulting from leaching operations will be discharged to a well defined and officially approved area within Tuz Golu (see Section 1.2.1(b) below). It is planned to open 12 caverns each having approximately 500,000 m3 of volume and with a natural gas storage capacity of approximately 80x10o m3 (with maximum PAGE 1115 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 t EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY compression, 205 bar) While some of the caverns are opened (construction activity) on one hand, it shall be initiated to store natural gas into the caverns already opened (operation activity) on the other hand. During storage of natural gas, the natural gas shall be compressed by means of compressor and injected to the caverns. In future years, new cavems can be opened if modifications in the national natural gas policy of Turkey recommend such an option. Completion of the construction phase is expected to take approximately 10 years and the project economic lifetime is estimated to be 50 years. 1.2.1 Key project components (a) Fresh Water Supply Line Fresh water will be used for leaching the salt cavems. Initially, local groundwater was considered for the fresh water source to open caverns as groups of 2. BOTA, later on, to speed up the project implementation, decided to open caverns as groups of 4 instead of 2, which doubles the fresh water demand of the project. However, groundwater shortage was one of the major concerns raised during the first Public Consultation Meeting. As a consequence, BOTA,S (although there exist no problem for allowance of such an amount of water from groundwater resources by DSI) revised the project design to utilize Hirfanli Dam reservoir located 115 km from the project site as a fresh water source. DSI (State Hydraulic Works), the authority responsible for the water resources allocation in Turkey, provided their official approval for use of the required 10-1 2x1 06 m3/yr water from Hirfanli Dam. Hirfanli Dam, constructed in 1960, is one of the major multi-purpose dams in Turkey, which is used for energy and irrigation. It receives an annual inflow of approximately 2400x1 O6 m3/yr. The water demand of the project, 10-1 2x1 06 m3/yr, is less than %0.5 of the inlet flow to the dam reservoir. Therefore, DSI stated that they have no difficulty in supply of this arm,ount of water over the project life and, in addition the existing and future energy and irrigation based projects will not be affected adversely. Water will be transported by an underground pipeline of approximately 115 km to the project site. The pipeline will be transferred to DSI after the completion of the project to be used for water supply and/or for the irrigation, which will be beneficial for the local people. PAGE 2/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2 ..* ----.. ~--- 9 1 P.UR ~ A P ' .7AWJARA 1~~~~~~~~~~~~ KOtTYA~~~~~~~iud ' i \ s r , \ g ffi o. ~~~~~~ ~ ~~KazDkit Own e ++t I Z 7k':sI - < , s ~~~~\ ot.rmu¶m1ne \_f. 1INEV$EHiR A> AtnA A ; ;t~~ MSARAf | __ - .. .1 4w_o'1 {t|1' o 'N *-i Storagerm-rna K_wup . Figure 1. Proposed Location of Project Site and Water Supply Pipeline PAGE 3/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0*/ EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (b) Brine Discharge Line Brine generated as a result of salt deposit leaching (1.120m31hr), will be discharged to Tuz Golu via brine discharge line approximately 39 km long. Brine discharge is not expected to have significant adverse impacts on Tuz Golu due to several reasons described below; * Tuz Golu is underlined by the same salt formation as the project site where the leaching operations will be performed. The lake continuously receives groundwater flows, which contribute brine through natural leaching of these salt formations that exist in Tuz Golu Basin. Thus the creation of the salt storage caverns through leaching is essentially providing the same quality inlet flow, albeit with a man-made process. * Secondly, the brine will be discharged to the area officially designated by MoEF and Ministry of Agriculture as unproductive in terms of agricultural activities and salt harvesting. In addition, the discharge area was approved by the Council of Experts including MoEF during the EIA process, after determining that no species of interest exist within the discharge area. (c) Natural Gas Branch Line Surplus natural gas that arises during summer months shall be taken from Kayseri- Konya-Seydisehir section of existing Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line that passes at approximately 14 km north of the project site via a branch line (40" diameter), stored in these caverns and then returned to the national grid when the demand arises. (d) Surface Facilities Surface facilities comprised of surface leaching and gas facilities will be constructed. The major components of Surface Facilities are; For Leachinq Process For Storage Process Cavern site Compressor station Leaching Plant Heater Freshwater supply plant Cooler Brine distributor Dehydration Unit Pumps Metering station Water flow measurement units Storage wells Blanket unit Filtering unit Control building Glycol regeneration plant Condensate receiver plant PAGE 4/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process An EIA for the project was prepared in strict accordance with Turkish Environmental Legislation and was approved by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). An EIA supplement (EIA Annex) was also prepared by BOTAS to address the change in fresh water supply and additional information requirements needed to satisfy World Bank EA policies and procedures (OP/BP/GP 4.01). Thus the Turkish EIA and the EIA Annex together fully satisfy both Turkish and World Bank EA requirements. Public consultation for the Turkish EIA was conducted at Sultanhani Municipality on 27.03.2003 and a second public consultation for both the Turkish EIA and the EIA Annex was conducted at Aga,oren Municipality (close to the water supply line) and Sultanhani Municipalities on 24.03.2005. A Turkish language version of the EIA documents, including EIA Annex was disclosed locally at Aksaray Provinical Directorate of Environment and Forestry and BOTAS web site on (The English language version was sent to the World Bank on 27.05.2005 and deposited in the World Bank Infoshop. An independent Turkish Environmental Consultant accredited by MoEF prepared the EIA study on behalf of BOTA,. It was approved by MoEF in 2003. The water supply modification scenario required BOTA,S to supplement the EIA by preparing an "EIA Revision Report" according to the Turkish EIA Regulation, which was approved by MoEF in 2004. Differing from the EIA Annex prepared to comply with World Bank requirements, only the project description and the new water supply scenario were included in this EIA Revision Report since Turkish EIA Regulation does not require EIA for the water supply pipeline projects. 1.4 BASELINE ASSESSMENT Present environmental resources within the project site were assessed by site investigations performed by the EIA project team. Comprehensive site studies were conducted to determine the local air, water and soil quality and the biological resources. The project site and its vicinity are mostly flat (slope %1-3), with an average altitude of 1000 m. The area extending from west and north parts of Sultanhani to Tuz Golu is marshland. There are also small settlements in the vicinity of the project site and these areas are used as "plateaus" where animals are grazed between April and October. In order to determine seismic characteristics of the region, studies were carried out within an area of 73 km2. The project site is located in one of the most stable regions in Turkey, which has the least seismicity: an earthquake in the project site is most unlikely PAGE 5115 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0v/ EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY to occur, thus the risk of failure from an earthquake is low. In addition, an internationally recognized seismic expert assessed the situation and determined that the depth and strength of the salt domes, make the failure probability extremely low, and introduce a rsk no greater than similar installations world-wide. The factors taken into account in the course of the selection of the proposed project site are listed below: * Its proximity to the main pipeline (Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line); * Its convenience in natural cavem formation and drainage processes; * Being the lowest risked region regarding the Turkey's seismicity; * Possessing water resources that are used for other purposes; * Very low agricultural potential in the region. 1.4.1 Air Quality There are no significant emission sources within the project site and its vicinity. Since the project region is a rural area, present air quality depends upon emissions that originate from sources used for heating purposes (i.e. coal) and soil. There are not many settlements within the project site and its vicinity; the only existing problem is dust emissions during dry and windy conditions due to the dispersion of clayey soil when dried up. 1.4.2 Water There exist no surface water source within the vicinity of the project site. One of the major surface water resources of the region is Tuz Golu, located approximately 40 km north of the proposed project site. 1.4.3 Soil General properties of the soil in the project site, distributions of soil groups, land use conditions, slope and erosion degrees were examined during EIA studies. Accordingly, the soil of project site is covered by Ill. Class (Suitable for cultivation of appropriate types of crops with special protection measures. Generally, require special care when used for agricultural purposes), dry agriculture (fallowing), pasture and brushwood field. There exist limited agrcultural activities at the project site and its vicinity. PAGE 6115 [I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.4.4 Noise Ambient noise levels were measured at 12 locations in vicinity of the project site considered to be sensitive receptors (settlements close to the project site). The highest background noise levels were measured to be 89.6 dBA at Bucak Plateau during the measurement on February 18-19, 2002, and 89.3 dBA (daytime) at Sultanhani Municipality settlement area during the measurement on November 29, 2000. These noise levels are known occur due to traffic, announcements and animals. The average daytime values recorded at the nearest locations to the proposed project site were 39.2 dBA at Rasimusagi plateau and 52.5 dBA at Omeraga plateau. These values are considered as typical values for rural areas, at which the noises originate from natural sources and manual activities, rather than mechanical (e.g., industrial and infrastructure) sources. 1.4.5 Flora and Fauna Endemic and/or rare species were identified in the general region of the Tuz Golu Basin. Species under protection by Bern Convention exist in Tuz Golu Basin. For each of the species under protection, the requirements of the particular laws, regulations and treaties have been reviewed and all specifications will be followed during construction and operation. The wetlands in the vicinity of the brine discharge pipeline and Tuz Golu are important as a "migratory bird route" and this area is designated as a "Special Environmental Protection Area". About 15 km of bnne discharge pipeline route passes through this zone. However, the important bird species do not live in this area. They may be found individually or in small colonies as part of their migration pattem. To minimize any effect to migratory birds, construction of the 15 km section of brine discharge pipeline will be restricted to the period of lowest or no migration activity (July-September) The Hirfanli dam section, where fresh water pipeline route starts is on the border of a bird wintering area (Tufted duck, Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, White-headed duck, Coot and water birds) and migratory route (Ruddy shell duck). Construction of this section will be carried out between July and August to minimize any effects on migratory and wintering birds and their habitats. Tuz Golu Basin Tuz Golu Basin is the water catchment area covering the lake itself, the rivers feeding the lake and other the lakes related with it. Although exact borders are not certain, the area of the basin is around 530,000 hectare with a rough estimation. Since the basin is PAGE 7/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0X9,/ EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY a very large area, it is better to discuss the fish species found within the close vicinity of the project components. The small water bodies located within the close vicinity of the project area do not represent a creek type characteristic. Tuz Golu is almost totally dry in the summer and besides, the feeder creeks generally cannot reach the lake in summer months. Thus, with no source of fresh water during the summer, the resulting lake salinity from net evaporation provides an extremely hostile environment for fish habitat, as well as being extremely inhospitable for any plant growth. There are three main rivers namely Karasu, Pecenek and Insuyu feeding the lakes in the basin, all of which are fresh water. Fish species mentioned in the EIA Report were not observed during field surveys carried out on April 2001. However based on the literature, these species are possibly found in Insuyu River, at approximately 100 km north of the project site (Phoxinellus crassus found in 1960 and Aphanius chandrei found in 1944). The high salinity of the lake and lake basin (including the discharge area) prevent these species from migrating to these sites. As a result, the proposed project site (including surface facilities and brine discharge area) is poorly inhabited and poorly vegetated with any significant flora and fauna. 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The EIA identified a number of potential impacts associated with both construction and operation phases of the project. All pipelines will be buried. Therefore key potential impacts are construction of the fresh water pipeline, brine discharge line, and natural gas connector line. There are also potential impacts associated with construction of surface facilities for gas processing, drilling operations and leaching operations. Operation activities are limited to gas injection and withdrawal so few potential operational impacts are identified. Major concerns are related to safety risks for workers and populations at the storage site and along the gas pipeline route. The potential Project impacts during construction and operation phases are outlined in Tables 1&2 respectively. All potential impacts have been analyzed and are readily managed through internationally accepted standards of good engineering practices and procedures which will be followed in design, construction and operation of the gas storage and pipeline distribution systems for water, leachate and gas respectively. Potential impacts associated with the brine discharge into Tuz Golu have been determined to be insignificant, since the effluent will be providing water to Tuz Golu in the same manner PAGE 8/15 I I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM _ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY and of the same quality as is naturally supplied from the groundwater sources currently feeding the lake. The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) includes cost effective mitigation measures for each identified potential impact. The EMP also includes details of the implementation period monitoring requirements and institutional arrangements for effective environmental management. Reference should be made to the EMP for further details. 0 PAGE 9115 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0;> EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 1. Summary Table of Impacts-Construction Phase CONSTRUCTION IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Pipeline and Surface Excavation/ loss of top-soil Excavation material will be re-used for trench backfilling and land restoration Facilities The vegetative topsoil will be stored properly (by protecting with nylon covers against soil loss related to precipitation) and used for revegetation and landscaping. Dust generation due to Excavated material will be protected from wind and rain (e.g. using nylon covers and excavation, material storage, compaction with binding materials) handling and transport All transportation vehicles that will carry excavation material will be covered The speed of the vehicles will restricted with 30 km/hour on unpaved roads. Dust prone areas will be regularly watered. Solid waste generation Domestic solid wastes and construction wastes will be collected and disposed to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of the nearest Municipality. Wastewater generation Domestic wastewater will be collected in a lined (impermeable) septic tank and removed by the nearest Municipality With the start of operation, septic tank will be replaced by package treatment plant. No industrial wastewater will be generated. Any hydrostatic test water will be discharged to the nearest water body after settling. Various washdown waters (only including suspended solids, oil and grease) will be collected via a distinct line and sent to package wastewater treatment plant after the removal of suspended solids, oil and grease. Waste/residual oils from oil change of the machinery and vehicles will be onsite discretely and given to a firm licensed by MoEF. PAGE 10115 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 09/ EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 1.Cont'd CONSTRUCTION IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Pipeline And Surface Noise and vibration due to site No explosives to be used unless required during the construction activities Facilities preparation and construction The activities that generate noise will be limited with the hours 06:00 a.m-07:00 pm, and activities no work will be carried out on official holidays. Employees will be provided with special helmets, earphones or earplugs against noise. The maximum noise levels that workers can subject to will not be exceeded during the construction activities Transportation No access roads will be constructed unless necessary and approved by BOTA,. The existing roads will be used to the greatest extent. Impacts on flora Inr the event that the species protected as per the BERN Convention and the "Vulnerable" species according to Turkish Red Data Book are found, they will be managed in accordance with the Bern Convention specifications. The seeds of these species shall be taken and moved to the similar habitats or protected ex-situ in botanic gardens and greenhouses under the control of universities. These species, found in the vicinity of the site, shall be clearly marked and in no way be collected, chopped and taken off their roots. The construction activities will be limited within the construction corridor. PAGE 11/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 rw / EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 1.Cont'd CONSTRUCTION IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Pipeline And Surface Impacts on fauna The construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor. Facilities Any rare and endangered species will be managed in accordance with the national or international regulations and treaty requirements Construction activities will take place during periods when no migratory bird flight are occuring periods (refer to EMP) A fauna expert shall be employed during the site activities. Impacts on Cultural and Natural No cultural and natural heritage is present on the project site and its vicinity. Assets Turkish chance find procedures will be followed (i.e. cease activities, consult with authority and protection in situ if possible) A cultural expert will remain on-site to issue government if procedures are followed. Handling & usage of explosive/ Any explosive material will be kept in locked containers. hazardous and toxic materials The fuels to be used by the work machines will be purchased from companies with valid operating permits If storage is required, then fuels or hazardous liquids will be stored in properly designed tanks situated on impermeable (e.g. concrete) surfaces with bund to contain any leaks. Drilling Activities Oily Waste Waters generation A wastewater pool with an impermeable lining using geo-membrane will be constructed and an oil trap will be placed in the channel entering to the pool in order to separate oil and petroleum from the wastewater. These wastes will be removed from the area by a firm licensed by MoEF. PAGE 12/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 1.Cont'd CONSTRUCTION IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Impacts on Groundwater due to Casing is placed until reaching the non- leaking formation and the drilling operations are leakage carried out in this casing.Only water based bentonite-clay mud will be used. Formation Wastes and Drilling They will be stored separately from other solid wastes and removed from the area by a Muds firm licensed by MoEF after drying and solidification Mud pits (impermeable) will be opened for the temporary storage of the formation wastes and drilling mud The drilling area and the surrounding of the mud wells will be surrounded with a wire mesh fence and entrance will be locked. Leaching Operations Sludge disposal from brine The solid particles (>200 pm) will be kept in settling tanks. settling tanks The sludge coming from the tanks that will be cleaned at definite times with hand will be collected with mobile containers and disposed to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of Sultanhani Municipality. Sludge disposal from brine The solid particles (>200 pm) will be kept in settling tanks. settling tanks The sludge coming from the tanks that will be cleaned at definite times with hand will be collected with mobile containers and disposed to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of Sultanhani Municipality. Brine discharge / impacts on lake Discharge location is in unproductive/arid area (ecologically, and agriculturally, no salt water quality production and determined based on the official maps and site investigations) of Lake It is estimated that the discharge plume will remain within the boundaries of the unproductive area for the complete duration of the leaching operation. The plume will be monitored to assure these estimates are valid. PAGE 13/15 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table 2. Summary Table of Impacts-Operation Phase OPERATION IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Surface Facilities and Noise (Compressors, etc.) Installation of silencers to the entry and exit of the cooling fans Natural Gas Pipeline Procurement of low sound emanating backup motor, pump and compressors Limitation of truck transportation merely with hours of daylight if required Fire A fire protection system will be available at site (Fire detectors sensitive to heat, smoke and flame.Nonautomatic fire extinguishing systems will be available in the site against fire as well) Leakage and explosion In case of leakage of natural gas in closed areas, the area will be immediately ventilated in accordance with best international practice. Health, Safety Risks Education on; a Site security * Environmental protection * First aid * Fire fighting * Health and occupational safety * Risk assessment will be given to the personnel employed. Waste generation Domestic solid wastes will be collected and disposed to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of Sultanhani Municipality. With the start of operation, septic tank will be replaced by package treatment plant. The discharge water will be used for watering green areas. Accidents and Sabotage Parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate will be monitored continuously at certain locations on the line and the caverns, abnormal conditions will be reported to the authorities.Line valves susceptible to pressure will be shut down automatically PAGE 14/15 ) -7 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM i 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION The first public consultation has been performed on 27.03.2003 at Sultanhani Municipality with the participation of local people and governmental organizations. The second public consultation has been performed on 24.03.2005 at Aga,oren and Sultanhani Municipalities. The records of both the first and the second public consultation meetings are included in EMP Section-D. A number of concems raised during the first public consultation as groundwater usage for leaching operations, since there is a water shortage and the possible impacts on irrigation, seismicity of the area, and brine discharge impacts on Tuz Golu. These issues were fully addressed in EIA Report in details. In addition, the public concems played an important role in BOTA;' decision on selection of the water resource. Taking public concerns into consideration, BOTA; revised the project design and decided to utilize Hirfanli Dam reservoir as fresh water resource. Durng the second public consultation, the major concerns were the duration of the construction activities and job opportunities for local people. BOTAi representatives stated that the local manpower would be preferred during the construction activities. Local people were also informed that the agricultural activities would not be negatively affected. PAGE 15115 I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * . POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................. 2 1.1 NATIONAL LEGISLATION .................................................... 2 1 .1 .1 L a w s ............................................................. 4 1.1.2 R eg u latio n s .......................... ................................... 5 1.1.3 Communiques, Decrees And Acts ............................................................. 7 1.2 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES ............. ............... 7 1.2.1 International Convention on Protection of Birds ......................... - .......................... 8 1.2.2 Convention on Conservation of European Wildlife and Their Habitats ........... ....... 8 PAGE 1/9 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0g/ EIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 1. INTRODUCTION Tuz Golu Natural Gas Underground Storage Project will be designed, constructed and operated in compliance with several regulations and legislations. The principles of policy and legislative framework related to the Tuz Golu UNGSP are outlined in the following sections. 1.1 NATIONAL LEGISLATION Article 56 of Turkish Constitution (1982) recognizes the right of the citizens to live in a healthy and balanced environment. It is the duty of both the state and citizens to develop the environment, maintain the sanitation and protect the environment against pollution. The Ministry of Environment, established in 1991, is the authority responsible for development and protection of environment, preventing pollution, establishing environmental policies and strategies as well as providing all activities are carried out in compliance with Turkish Environmental Legislation (environment law, all environment related regulations and international conventions) On 01.05.2003, the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry were merged based on the fundamental principles of law no 4856 (MoEF). MoEF is in close cooperation with the other ministries, institutions, governmental and non-govemmental organizations during its activities. The Ministries and governmental institutions, which are also responsible for environmental management issues in Turkey, are as follows: * Ministry of Health * Ministry of Culture & Tourism - General Directorate of Cultural Assets & Museums * Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs - General Directorate of Agricultural Production & Development - General Directorate of Protection & Supervision - General Directorate of Rural Affairs * Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources - General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) - General Directorate of Mineral Works - General Directorate of Minerals Research & Exploration (MTA) - Electric Energy Generation Inc. Co. of Turkey - Electric Energy Transmission Inc. Co. of Turkey - Electric Energy Distribution Inc. Co. of Turkey - General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works PAGE 219 [I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK * Ministry of Public Works & Housing - General Directorate of State Highways - Provincial Directorates of Public Works and Settlement - General Directorate of Land Title Deeds and Cadastral Registration. - General Directorate of Technical Researches and Implementations Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The EIA Regulation, issued in 1993, dictates that major/important projects, which have potential serious environmental impacts, are subject to Environmental Impact Assessment. This Regulation has been renewed for three times and issued finally in 2003 in line with the European Union (EU) Directive (85/337/EEC and 97/1 1/EC) The Regulation provides the administrative and technical procedures and principles for defining and assessing the environmental impacts of the activities listed in the annexes (Annex I and Annex II, EIA List of Activities) and preventing the defined adverse impacts. Construction of water supply pipeline is not included in the list of the activities in Annex I and 11 of the EIA Regulation, therefore Turkish EIA Regulation does not require an EIA Study for the water supply pipeline. For projects that do require an EIA study, the competent authority to execute the EIA procedure and approve the EIA Reports in Turkey is the MoEF through its General Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning. The institutions, which are responsible for the EIA Studies in Turkey, are assigned by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. In this context, the Ministry published in the Official Gazette, issue no. 25383 and date 24.02.2004, a "Qualification Certificate Communique". The applicants are expected, pursuant to the Communique, to assign minimum one Environmental Engineer, two university graduates in different disciplines and a project coordinator experienced in environmental matters. In Turkey, EIA Reports are mostly written by private sector companies; however, several public sector agencies have also received the Qualification Certificate. For the overall Gas Storage Project, an EIA was required and the procedures specified in the regulation are as follows; a Scope Determination and Evaluation Commission (SDEC) under the chairmanship of the General Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment and Planning of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry by representatives of the public and governmental authorities are formed. Tasks of the SDEC are as follows; * To attend the "Public Consultation Meeting", * To establish the scope and special format for EIA Report, 0 PAGE 319 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 / EIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK * To identify the omissions and mistakes in the EIA Report and provide that such omissions and mistakes be completed/corrected. * To provide expert opinion, either positive or negative, on the EIA Report together with their comments on behalf of the institutions, which they represent. The Ministry, if deems it necessary considering the theme and type of the project and characteristics of the project site, may invite to SDEC sessions the representatives of universities, institutes, research and specialist institutions, professional chambers, labor unions, associations and NGOs. It is essential that the SDEC members have adequate professional know-how and experience and be authorized duly by respective institutions and corporations, which they represent. Apart from the Regulation on EIA, the regulations enacted with reference to the Environment Law and implemented in the EIA process, as well as the relevant laws to the Project are described in the below paragraphs. 1.1.1 Laws Environment Law (no. 2872) The Environment Law enacted in 1983 sets forth the framework of environmental management and the related legislation, and defines the fundamental principles. The law aims; * To regulate, on the basis of established legal and technical requirements and in conformity with economical and social development targets, the arrangements and measures to be adopted for protecting and improving the environment as the common asset of all citizens; * Optimum usage and conservation of land and other natural resources in urban and rural areas; * Controlling the soil, watef and air pollution; * Raising and assuring the health, civilization and living standards of both the present and future generations by protecting the flora and fauna and their habitats further to protecting the historical and cultural assets of the country. Cultural Heritage Protection Law (no.2863) Cultural Heritage Protection Law (23.07.1983, Official Gazette issue no. 18113) stipulates the establishment and tasks of govemment agencies responsible, as decision-making bodies, for defining the movable and immovable cultural and natural assets to be protected under the law, and for determining the procedures and chance PAGE 4/9 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK find principles of these assets. As per Article 4 of the law, in the event that any cultural asset is found, the nearest museum has to be informed within 3 days. Pastures Law (no.4342) Pastures Law (28.02.1998, Official Gazette issue no 23272/ Amended by Law No 5178, 08.06.2004 Official Gazette issue no 25486) aims at defining, conserving and developing the pasturelands further to provisions for changing the purpose of allocation of the land when and if necessary and basically de-classifying pastures. This law states that all pastures expropriated by State Authorities lose their status as pastures, subject to the approval of a special commission. As such, even when they are temporarily expropriated, they will no longer re-assume their pasture status. 1.1.2 Regulations Water Pollution Control Regulation The Water Pollution Control Regulation (04.09.1988, O.G. no. 19919) aims to provide the legal and technical framework for water pollution control principles for conserving the ground and surface water resources of the country for all types of utilization, ensuring the most efficient/optimum use of these resources and preventing water pollution in the context of economical and social development targets. Noise Control Regulation The regulation aims at developing a noise-controlled environment allowing the people to live in comfort and peace, mentally and physically safe. The regulation refers to the principles for establishing the limit levels of noise for settlement areas, the maximum allowable noise levels for industrial zones and construction sites and noise emission values for machinery and defines the terms for noise control. (11.12.1986, O.G. no. 19308) Soil Pollution Control Regulation The aim of the regulation is to define the principles for taking necessary measures for preventing and eliminating pollution of soils as receiving medium in the framework of sustainable development targets. This regulation comprises the technical and administrative principles related to the activities, which cause soil pollution, discharge, disposal, leakage of hazardous material and wastes to the soil, the utilization of sludge from treatment and the penal sanctions (1 0.12.2001, O.G. no. 24609) PAGE 5/9 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0i EIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK Solid Waste Control Regulation The Solid Waste Control Regulation (14.03.1991, O.G. no. 20814) aims to define, apply and develop all principles, policies and programs for prohibiting all types of activities, including disposal directly or indirectly of all kinds of wastes and residual materials into the receiving medium, their storage, handling, transportation etc. in such a manner that is detrimental to the environment, and for controlling the pollutants causing permanent impacts on air, water and soil and preventing such pollutants to damage the floral and faunal generations, natural assets and ecological balance, by taking under control to a certain degree the management of consumption materials, which are likely to cause adverse impact on environment. The regulation sets forth the technical and administrative principles for collection, transportation, recovery, revaluation, elimination and making harmless the solid disposals of various types. Hazardous Waste Control Regulation The aim of the regulation is to provide a legal and technical framework for defining the principles, policies and programs for preventing, from production stage until final disposal stage, the hazardous wastes from discharge directly or indirectly into the receiving medium in such a manner that is detrimental to the environment and human health, ensurng control of the production and transportation, prohibiting their import and controlling their export, providing necessary technical and administrative standards for their management, minimizing the production at the source, disposing at the nearest site of disposal if the production is unavoidable, installing adequate facilities of disposal and providing environment-friendly management of these facilities. (27.08.1995, O.G. no. 22387) Hazardous Chemicals Regulation The aim of the regulation is to define and ensure implementation of administrative, technical and legal principles, policies and programs for controlling the chemicals, which are detrimental to the environment and human health by contaminating the air, water and soil and damaging the ecological system in the short or long term. The regulation comprises the procedures and principles for the determination, classification, labeling and packing of hazardous chemicals. (11.07.1993, O.G. no. 21634) PAGE 619 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT U<. \xEIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK Noise Regulation The regulation refers to measures to be taken to protect the labor against health and safety risks, which may occur due to exposure to noise, particularly the damage to hearing system. (23.12.2003, O.G. no. 25325) Regulation on Protection and Usage of Agricultural Lands The regulation refers to principles and rules for the conservation of arable lands, their use in conformity with the intended purpose and for their use outside the purposes of agriculture when and where it is mandatory. It sets forth the fundamental procedures for using the arable lands for non-agricultural purposes such as developing settlement areas, constructing military, industrial, transportation, educational, health care, tourism, storages and warehouses, communication, sportive and agricultural facilities. (10.08.2001, O.G. no. 24489) Regulation on Pits to be Provided In Places, where Construction of Sewage Treatment is not feasible (19.03.1971, O.G. No. 13783) 1.1.3 Communiques, Decrees And Acts Principles for the Special Environmental Protection Zone (Official Gazette issue no. 19931 date 16.09.1988), such as Tuz Golu An "Environmental Protection Committee", which is formed by the undersecretary of Ministry of Cultural and Tourism, General Manager of Environment, General Manager of Forest and the Head of the Authority for the Protection of Special Environmental Areas, is responsible for the application of these rules and principles, mainly deciding the facilities, infrastructure plans and projects allowed to be constructed within the boundaries of Special Environmental Protection Areas and the fundamental principles for permits. Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act (Official Gazette issue no. 14765 date 11.01.1974). 1.2 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES There are a number of international conventions and treaties that Turkey has ratified and entered into force. The ones that are relevant to the project are stated below: PAGE 7/9 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT U 4; . EIA ADDENDUM POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 1.2.1 International Convention on Protection of Birds (Paris, 1902) This Convention was signed and became effective with 17.12.1966 when it was published in the Official Gazette issue no. 12480, for the purpose of conservation of the birds. Summary of provisions are as follows: (a) In general, protection to be given to all birds during the breeding season, to migrants during their flight to their breeding grounds, and to endangered species throughout the year (b) In general, the taking of eggs, shells and young birds to be prohibited (c) Certain methods of hunting birds to be prohibited or restricted, e.g. snares, nets, poisoned bait, blinded decoy birds, motorboats and motor vehicles (d) Each party to draw up lists of birds, which may be lawfully taken or killed in compliance with this Convention (e) Parties to take measures to prevent destruction of birds by water pollution, electric cables, insecticides and poisons, and to educate children and the public in the need for protection of birds 1.2.2 Convention on Conservation of European Wildlife and Their Habitats (Bern, 1979) The Convention was signed and became effective with 20.02.1984 when it was published in the Official Gazette issue no. 18318 to serve the purpose of conserving the wildlife and their habitats, which is of vital importance considering that many species of the flora and fauna are vulnerable to the risk of extinction, further to the purpose of ensuring in their policies and programs the conservation of the wildlife and their habitats, and that international co-operation be provided for conservation particularly of the migrant faunal species. In the context of Bem Convention, in Article 6, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II, the following will in particular be prohibited for these species: (a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing; (b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites; (c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention; PAGE 8/9 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM _* 0 POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK (d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; (e) the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article. In Article 7, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix IIl measures to be taken shall include: (a) closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation; (b) the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels; (c) the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals. PAGE 9/9 I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0* WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................... 2 1.1 FRESH WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ....................................................... 2 1.2 PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION ....................................................... 3 1.3 PIPELINE DESIGN, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS . .................................... 3 1.3.1 Technical Information Related to the Pipeline Construction .......... ........... 3 2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ........................................... 5 2.1 FLORA AND FAUNA ....................................................... 5 2.2 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE PIPELINE ROUTE . ..................................... 16 2.2.1 Structural Geology And Tectonism .................. .................................... 17 2.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................... 21 2.4. POPULATION ....................................................... 22 2.5 ECONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..................................... 23 2.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE ....................................................... 26 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ............... .............. 27 3.1 SITE PREPARATION ACTIVITIES/EXCAVATION ...................................... 27 3.2 DUST ...................................... 27 3.3 WASTE GENERATION ...................................... 28 3.4 NOISE AND VIBRATION ...................................... 28 3.5 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................... 29 PAGE 1133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 FRESH WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM The Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project (UNGSP), will create a series of underground gas storage caverns by controlled fresh water dissolving of the selected portions of extensive underground natural salt formations existing at approximately a depth of 1000 m. According to studies, the amount of fresh water required for leaching each cavern is 280 m3/hour. At the early stages of the project, it was planned to leach 2 caverns simultaneously and supply the total fresh water demand, which is 560 m3/h, from groundwater resources. However, to speed up the project for the compensation of increasing storage demand within years, BOTA, envisages performing leaching operations as groups of 4, instead of 2. In such a case, the fresh water demand of project will increase up to 1.120m3/h. This amount of water is required for a total period of 7.5 years, the entire duration of the leaching operations. Initially, local groundwater was considered for the fresh water source and DSI (State Hydraulic Works), the authority responsible for the water resources allocation in Turkey allowed to utilize local groundwater resources. However, due to the water demand increase as a consequence of doubling the leaching operations and the groundwater shortage, which was one of the major concerns raised during the Public Consultation Meeting,.BOTA,S(although there exist no problem for allowance of such an amount of water from groundwater resources by DSI) revised the project design to utilize Hirfanli Dam reservoir located 115 km from the project site as a fresh water source and DSI, provided the official approval for use of the required 10-12x1 06 m3/yr water from Hirfanli Dam. (Official Letter of DS! is given in Appendix-1) Hirfanii Dam Hirfanii Dam, constructed in 1960, is one of the major multi-purpose dams in Turkey, which is used for energy and irrigation. It receives an annual inflow of approximately 2400x106 m3/yr. The water demand of the project, 10-12x106 m3/yr, is less than %0.5 of the inlet flow to the dam reservoir. Therefore, DSI (the letter of DSI is given in (Appendix-1) stated that they have no difficulty in supply of this amount of water over the project life and, in addition the existing and future energy and irrigation based demands on the dam will not be affected adversely. (Refer to Appendix-1) PAGE 2133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM _ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Fresh water will be transported by an underground pipeline of approximately 119 km to the project site. The pipeline will be transferred to DSI after the completion of the project to be used for water supply and/or for the irrigation to benefit the local people. 1.2 PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION Fresh water supply pipeline route (refer to the 1:100.000 scaled route map in Appendix-1) has been selected considering the topographical, geological and environmental conditions and the following general criteria: • Reducing the length of pipeline routes as far as possible, • Keeping the route close to and in parallel to the existing natural gas pipeline • Avoiding existing structures • Acceleration of the construction process in view of both the time and budget, * Providing easy access to the pipeline via parallel routing to road • Keeping away from population centers * Minimizing disruption to agricultural activities 1.3 PIPELINE DESIGN, TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1.3.1 Technical Information Related to the PiDeline Construction The pipeline to be constructed from Hirfanii Dam to the project site will have an approximate length of 119 km. 31 km section of the pipeline will have diameter of 28", 70 km will have a diameter of 24" and the rest 18 km section will have a diameter of 20". One of the works to be carried out before the commencement of the construction activities is the determination of the width of right of way (RoW). The map of all infrastructure facilities included along the RoW (such as underground cable, water line, sewage line) will be provided and the construction plan will be made in accordance with this structure. Activities at the construction stage of pipeline are briefly summarzed herein before detailing the potential impacts of these activities, which are given in Section 3. Clearance and Prenaration of RoW Clearance process includes removal of materials on the RoW, which are likely to impede the progress on the work site. During this process, the topsoil will be removed and stored properly (refer to section 3.1 and EMP for top soil management) along the limits of the RoW. PAGE 3/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Trenching Trenchers and excavators will be used in trenching process. Before laying the pipe into the trench, sand material obtained by sieving the excavation materials will be laid on the trench base. Pine Laying The pipes brought to the area will be welded and lowered in the trench after making the isolation of the welding points. Backfilling On completion of pipe laying, the trench is backfilled using, in general, the material from trench excavation. Hydrostatic Testing Following the trench backfill, the pipeline is tested hydrostatically for two purposes: testing the strength of the pipeline materials and welds and testing the water tightness of the pipeline. PAGE 4133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 2.1 FLORA AND FAUNA 2.1.1 Flora Along the Pipeline Route The flora species along the water supply pipeline route were researched by the field surveys carried out in March 2005 and these studies were combined with the literature studies (Davis, 1965-1988). Vegetation Vegetation types found along the pipeline route corridor are mountain steppe, plain steppe, wetland and grassland. Majority of the pipeline route, between Kizilirmak and 2 km south of Sarialacali Village is agricultural area mostly utilized for grain production passes through agricultural areas (wheat, barley and rye). The dominant flora species that are encountered within the agricultural areas are mainly annual or perennial weed species. Following agricultural areas, the dominant vegetation types observed along the pipeline route is steppe vegetation (both mountain and plain steppe), which is a common vegetation type for the entire Central Anatolian Plateau. However, there are differences between dominant and characteristic species according to bedrock, soil characteristics and anthropogenic effects. Mountain steppe vegetation seen mainly in the south of Palangic and Susuz Villages is composed of perennial herbs and short bushes. Plain steppe vegetation type is commonly found in north of Kocas Agriculture Enterprises and its near vicinity along the pipeline route. The pipeline route corridor between Sultanhani and Esmekaya is mainly composed of wetland vegetation. In this section, reed beds and halophytic plant species are dominant. Grassland is present at pipeline section, which passes through south of Seyfe Lake. The species recoded with high frequency are mainly belonged to Leguminosae family: Endemic Flora Species Along the Pipeline Route Endangered or protected plant species were not observed along the pipeline route during field surveys. However, endemic species and associated IUCN (1994) risk categories, which previous studies indicated as possibly being found within pipeline route corridor are presented in Table 2.1. PAGE 5/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 2.1. Endemic Flora Species Along the Pipeline Route Species Common Name CNery ____ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ Category Acanthus hirsutus Hairy bears breeches LR-lc Achillea Iycaonica Milfoil LR-lc A. Siehana . VU Centaurea kotschyi var. kotschyi Starthistle LR-Ic Anthemis fumartifolia Chamomile LR-lc A. Pauciloba var pauciloba LR-lc Cousinia halysensis LR-cd Helichrysum arenanum ssp. aucheri Everlasting LR-lc Salsola anatolica VU Astragalus brachypterus Milkvetch LR-lc A. Lycius LR-lc Phlomis nissoli Jerusalem sage LR-lc Salvia hypargeia Sage LR-lc Thymus leucostomus var. leucostomus Thyme LR-nt Linum flavum ssp. scabnnerve Golden flax LR-ic L. caniense Flax LR-Ic Limonium iconicum LR-lc Verbascum vulcanicum var. vulcanicum Mullein LR-lc Allium scabriflorum Wild onion LR-lc LR : 'Lower Risk" A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated, does not satisfy the criteria for any of the categores Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included in the Lower Risk category can be separated into three subcategories. nt: : "Near Threatened" Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable Ic : "Least Concern" Taxa that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent or Near Threatened (One of the subcategories of LR) cd : 'Conservation Dependent" Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon- or habitat-specific conservation program targeted towards the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years VU 'Vulnerable" A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. These species are not protected by national legislations or international conventions (i.e. Bern or CITES). However, Achillea sieana and Salsola anatolica are listed as "Vulnerable" (VU) in Turkish Red Data Book and therefore mitigation measures in accordance with the Bern Convention, although not required for these vulnerable species, will be followed as indicated in EMP. Thus, the same procedures for the protected species will also be applied for these 2 vulnerable species. 2.1.2 Fauna The fauna species along the pipeline route corridor and its vicinity are determined by field studies carried out in March 2005 and literature research. Additionally, observations of the inhabitants in the region were used. The species that are observed PAGE 6133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM during field surveys and ones that can be found in the site considering the literature are listed in the following sections with their protection status. Appendices of Bern Convention that Turkey has signed have the force of law and the species listed in them are under protection in Turkey. The protection status of species is also defined by Article 2 of the Terrestrial Hunting Law (dated 05.05.1937, number: 3167) and the pertaining decisions of the MEF, General Directorate of National Parks and Game-Wildlife, Central Hunting Commission are updated each year. According to the 2004-2005 Hunting Season decision of the Central Hunting Commission; hunting and keeping or transporting of the protected species as either alive or dead is forbidden. In the context of Bern Convention, in Article 6, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II, the following will in particular be prohibited for these species: (a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing; (b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites; (c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibemation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention; (d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; (e) the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article. In Article 7, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix IlIl measures to be taken shall include: (a) closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation; (b) the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels; (c) the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals. Once the construction activities start, fauna species found along the pipeline route will have the opportunity and most likely will migrate to similar biotopes nearby. Therefore, the disturbance on them within the construction corridor will be limited. However, the construction workers will be informed and trained about the restrictions and measures given in Article 6 and 7 of Bern Convention. A biologist will regularly monitor the activities and the route corridor and will take all necessary actions if any of these PAGE 7/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM species are found. As specified in EMP, construction activities will be kept within corridor as much as possible so that the natural habitats out of the construction corridor will not be disturbed. Amphibians During field surveys, three amphibian species were found along the water supply pipeline route corridor, which are listed in Table 2.2. Table 2.2. Amphibian Species Scientific Name Common Name Bern Bufonidae True Toads Bufo bufo Common Toad Appendix III Bufo vindis viridis Green Toad Appendix III Ranidae True Frogs Rana ridibunda ridibunda Marsh Frog Appendix III In the context of Bem Convention, for the amphibian species listed in Appendix Ill, the rules and measures given in Article 7 (see above) will be taken into account. Reptiles Reptile species given in the Table 2.3 could not be observed during field surveys on the site. However, according to the literature they are possibly located in this area. All these species are common in Turkey in general, there is no extinction risk. Table 2.3. Reptile Species Scientific Name Common Names Bern Testudinidae Testudo graeca Common tortoise Appendix 11 Agamidae Agama (Laudakia) stellio stellio Clown Agama Appendix 11 Agama ruderata ruderata Agama Appendix Illi Lacertidae Lacerta parva Squamata Lizard Appendix 11 Lacerta trilineata galatiensis Balkan Green Lizard Appendix 11 Ophisops elegans centranatolia Snake-Eyed Lizard Appendix 11 Colubridae Natrix natrix persa Grass Snake Appendix III Natrix tessellata tessellata Dice Snake Appendix 11 Colubercaspius Caspian Snake Appendix III Colubernajadum Dahls Whip Snake Appendix 11 Eirenis modestus Dwarf Snake Appendix Ill PAGE 8/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM According to the 2004-2005 Hunting Season decision of the Central Hunting Commission; hunting and keeping or transporting of these species as either alive or dead is forbidden. In the context of Bern Convention, for the reptile species listed in Appendix II and Appendix Ill, the rules and measures given in Article 6 and 7 will be taken into account. Birds There are 115 bird species estimated to habit in the project vicinity. The mentioned bird species are given in Table 2.4 together with their risk categories according to Kiziroglu' (1993). Table 2.4. Bird Species Scientific Name J Common Name ] Turkish J BERN PODICIPEDIDAE Grebes Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe A.2 Appendix IlIl Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe A.2 Appendix II Podiceps nigricoffis Black-necked Grebe A.2 Appendix II PHOENICOPTERIDAE Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo A.2 Appendix II ANATIDAE Wildfowl Anseranser Greylag Goose A.2 Appendix IlIl Anser albifrons White-fronted Goose B.2 Appendix Ill Tadoma tadoma Common Shelduck A.2 Appendix II Tadoma ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck A.2 Appendix II Anas platyrhynchos Mallard A.4 Appendix IlIl Anas crecca Teal A.4 Appendix IlIl Anas acuta Northern Pintail A4 Appendix IlIl Anas querquedula Garganey A.3 Appendix Ill Anaspenelope European Wigeon A.4 Appendix IlIl Anas clypeata Common Shoveler A.4 Appendix IlIl Aythya fuligula Tufted duck A.2 Appendix II Aythya ferina Pochard A.2 Appendix II Neffa rutfna Red-crested Pochard A.3 Appendix II Oxyura leucephala White-headed duck A.2 Appendix II ACCIPITRIDAE Hawks, Eagles Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle A.3 Appendix II Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle A.2 Appendix II Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier A.3 Appendix II Buteo ruvfnus Long-legged Buzzard A.2 Appendix II Buteo buteo Common Buzzard A.3 Appendix II FALCONIDAE Falcons 1 KiZiROiLU, i.: The Birds of TOrkiye. (Species List in Red Data Book). Ankara: Desen Ofset A.S., 1993, 48 S. (TTKD Publication Nr. 20) PAGE 9/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Scientific Name | Common Name | Rkish BERN _ _ _ I ~~~~~~~~~~~RDB_ Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel A.4 Appendix II Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel A.3 Appendix II Falco peregnnus Peregrine Falcon A.2 Appendix II Falco columbarius Merlin B.2 Appendix II Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon A.2 Appendix II PHASIANIDAE Pheasants, Partridges Alectoris chukar Chukar A.2 Appendix Illi Cotumix cotumix Quail A.4 Appendix IlIl Gnus grus Common Crane A.1.2 Appendix II Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane A.1.2 Appendix II RALLIDAE Fulica atra Coot Appendix IlIl RECURVIROSTRIDAE Stilts, Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet A.4 Appendix II CHARADRIIDAE Plovers Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover A.2 Appendix II Vanellus vanellus Lapwing A.4 Appendix IlIl SCOLOPACIDAE Sandpipers Tfinga stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper B.3 Appendix II BURHINIDAE Thick-knees Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew A.3 Appendix II GLAREOLIDAE Pratincoles Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole A.3 Appendix II LARIDAE Gulls Lanus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull A.4 Appendix II Larus minutus Little Gull B.3 Appendix 11 Lawus argentatus Herring Gull COLUMBIDAE Pigeons, Doves Columba palumbus Woodpigeon A.4 Streptopelia decaocto Collared Pigeon - Appendix IlIl Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove A.2 Appendix IlIl CUCULIDAE Cuckoos Cuculus canorus Cuckoo - Appendix IlIl STRIGIDAE Owls Athena noctua Little Owl A.3 Appendix 11 APODIDAE Swifts Apus apus Swift A.4 Appendix II Apus melba Alpine Swift A.4 Appendix II MEROPIDAE Bee-eaters Merops apiaster Bee-eater A.4 Appendix II CORACIIDAE Rollers Coracias garrulus Roller A.2 Appendix II UPUPIDAE Hoopoes Upupa epops Hoopoe A.2 Appendix II ALAUDIDAE Larks Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark - Appendix II Calandrella brachydactyla Short-toed Lark A.3 Appendix II Alauda arvensis Skylark Appendix IlIl PAGE 10/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Scientific Name Common Name TurDsh BERN HIRUNDINIDAE Swallows, Martins Hirundo rustica Swallow - Appendix 11 Delichon urbica House Martin A.4 Appendix 11 MOTACILLIDAE Pipits, Wagtails Anthus campestns Tawny Pipit A.3 Appendix 11 Anthuspratensis Meadow Pipit - Appendix 11 Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail - Appendix 11 Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail A.4 Appendix 11 Motacilla alba Pied Wagtail A.4 Appendix 11 TURDIDAE Thrushes, Chats Erithacus nubecula Robin - Appendix 11 Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale A.3 Appendix 11 Phoenicurus ochniros Black Redstart - Appendix 11 Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart - Appendix 11 Saxicola rubetra Whinchat - Appendix 11 Saxicola torquata Stonechat - Appendix 11 Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear A.3 Appendix 11 Oenanthe hispanica Black-eared Wheatear - Appendix 11 Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear - Appendix 11 Turdus merula Blackbird - Appendix Ill Turdus pilaris Fieldfare - Appendix Ill Turdus philomelos Song Thrush - Appendix Ill SYLVIIDAE Warblers Cettia cetfi Cetti's Warbler A.4 Appendix 11 Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler Appendix 11 Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reed Warbler Appendix 11 Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed Warbler Appendix 11 Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler A.3 Appendix 11 Hippolais pallida Olivaceous Warbler - Appendix 11 Sylvia melanocephala Sardinian Warbler - Appendix 11 Sylvia hortensis Orphean Warbler - Appendix 11 Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat - Appendix 11 Sylvia communis Whitethroat - Appendix 11 Sylvia borin Garden Warbler - Appendix 11 Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap - Appendix 11 Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler - Appendix 11 MUSCICAPIDAE Flycatchers Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher - Appendix 11 Ficedula hypoleuca Pied Flycatcher - Appendix 11 TIMALIIDAE Babblers Panurus biarmicus Bearded Tit A.2 Appendix 11 AEGITHALIDAE Long-tailed Tits Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit A.2 Appendix 11 SlTrIDAE Nuthatches Sitta europaea Nuthatch Appendix 11 Sitta neumayer Rock Nuthatch Appendix II Sitta tephronota Eastern Rock Nuthatch Appendix 11 REMIZIDAE Penduline Tits PAGE 11/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Scientific Name Common Name Turkish BERN Remiz pendulinus Penduline Tit A.2 Appendix IlIl ORIOLIDAE Orioles Onolus onolus Golden Oriole - Appendix 11 LANIIDAE Shrikes Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike - Appendix II Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike - Appendix II CORVIDAE Crows Pica pica Magpie - - Corvus monedula Jackdaw - - Corvus corone Hooded Crow - - Corvus corax Raven - Appendix IlIl STURNIDAE Starling Stumus vulgaris Starling - Stumus roseus Rose-coloured Starling - Appendix II PASSERIDAE Sparrows Passer domesticus House Sparrow - Passer hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow - Appendix IlIl Petronia petronia Rock Sparrow - Appendix IlIl FRINGILLIDAE Finches Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch - Appendix IlIl Serinus serinus Serin - Appendix II Carduelis chloris Green Finch A.4 Appendix II Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch A.4 Appendix I1 Carduelis cannabina Linnet A.4 Appendix II EMBERIZIDAE Buntings Emberiza hortulana Ortolan A.3 Appendix IlIl Miliaria calandra Corn Bunting - Appendix Ill According to the 2004-2005 Hunting Season decision of the Central Hunting Commission; hunting and keeping or transporting of the protected species given in Table 2.4 as either alive or dead is forbidden. In the context of Bern Convention, for the bird species listed in Appendix 11 and Appendix Ill, the rules and measures given in Article 6 and 7 will be taken into account. The Hirfanli Dam section, where water pipeline route starts is on the border of a bird wintering area (Tufted duck, Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, White-headed duck, Coot and water birds) and migratory route (Ruddy sheliduck). Construction of this section will be carried out between July and August to minimize any effects on migratory and wintering birds and their habitats. PAGE 12/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 / WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Mammals Since the study area is mostly composed of arable fields, the mammal species are rather few in number. None of the mammal species given in Table 2.5 are observed during the field surveys carried out in March 2005. According to the literature, these species may be possibly found along the pipeline route corridor and its vicinity. Table 2.5. Mammal Species Scientific Name [ Common Name Bern Erinaceidae Erinaceous concolor Eastern Hedgehog Soricidae Crocidura leucodon Bicoloured White-toothed Shrew Appendix III Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Great Horseshoe Bat Appendix II Rhinolophus hipposideros Lesser Horseshoe Bat Appendix II Rhinolophus mehelyi Mehely's Horseshoe Bat Appendix II Vespertilionidae Pipistrelluspipistrellus Common Pipistrelle Appendix Ill Pipistrellus nathusii Nathusius' Pipistrelle Appendix II Leporidae Lepus europaeus Brown Hare Appendix IlIl Sci uridae Spermophilus xanthophrymnus Souslik Appendix II Muridae Raffus rattus Black rat Apodemus mystanicus Rock mouse Mus musculus Common rat Canidae Vulpes vulpes Red fox Mustellidae Meles meles Eurasian badger Appendix III Mustella nivalis Weasel Appendix III Except Brown hare, Red fox, Black rat, Rock mouse, and Common rat, the mammal species given in Table 2.5 are under protection by MoEF and Central Hunting Commission. According to the 2004-2005 Hunting Season decision of the Central Hunting Commission; hunting and keeping or transporting of these species as either alive or dead is forbidden. In the context of Bern Convention, for the mammal species listed in Appendix 11 and Appendix III, the rules and measures given in Article 6 and 7 will be taken into account. PAGE 13133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2.1.3 Flora and Fauna of Tuz Golu Basin Tuz Golu Basin is the water catchment area covering the lake itself, the rivers feeding the lake and other the lakes related with it. Although exact borders are not certain, the area of the basin is around 530,000 hectare with a rough estimation. In Figure 2.1, the approximate border of the basin is given. Since the basin is a very large area, it is better to discuss the fish species found within the close vicinity of the project components. The small water bodies located within the close vicinity of the project area do not represent a creek type characteristic. Tuz Golu is almost totally dry in the summer and besides, the feeder creeks generally cannot reach the lake in summer months. Thus, with no source of fresh water during the summer, the resulting lake salinity from net evaporation provides an extremely hostile environment for fish habitat, as well as being extremely inhospitable for any plant growth. KCuIu GeIUv { ,10 :. . \t zal7^ ,.~~~~~'Tta I, -- -.. -fi * er . DAL (an(; l G OID t~K~ x 9-e ;,!,,,. . .,f ,, ' i > \ EE",CtK DAej Source: Kilic & Eken, 20042 Figure 2.1. Tuz Golu Basin Border 2 Kilic DT& Eken G.. 2004. Onemli Kus Alanlari- 2004 Guncellemesi [Important Bird Areas in Turkey- Revision 2004], Doga Dernegi, Ankara PAGE 14/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM There are three main rivers namely Karasu, Pecenek and Insuyu feeding the lakes in the basin (see Figure 2.2), all of which are fresh water. Fish species mentioned in the EIA Report were not observed during field surveys carried out on April 2001. However based on the literature, these species are possibly found in Insuyu River, at approximately 100 km north of the project site (Phoxinellus crassus found in 1960 and Aphanius chandrei found in 1944). The high salinity of the lake and lake basin (including the discharge area) prevent these species from migrating to these sites. ~~~~~- - 4 [6 e_i* . -f, 4 s., Source: ww -wwf.oreAr Figure 2.2. Tuz Golu Basin and Feeder Lakes PAGE 15133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM In addition, an extensive field survey has recently been completed by Hacettepe University, Department of Biology with Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy as the project manager on the biodiversity of Tuz Golu. Sampling studies from many creeks and lakes within the Tuz Golu Basin regarding the fishes were also undertaken within the context of the study, but despite extensive field survey, no sample of these species was observed. For the brine discharge pipeline (the discharge location) route and the unproductive/and region border of Tuz Golu, refer to the 1:50.000 scaled map in Appendix-3. 2.2 GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE PIPELINE ROUTE The geological formations from oldest to youngest along the water supply line route are given below with their characteristics. Pre-Late Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks (gq56) These rocks called as Ortakoy Granitoid are comprised of gabbros, layered gabbros, diorite, tonalite, granite, granodiorite, diorte porphyry, and monzonite, syenite, monzodiorite, and leuco-granite and granite porphyry. Gabbros exist as enclaves in granites in some places (or Granites include enclaves of gabbros in some places). These rocks are dark green to black in color, coarsely crystallized, hard and bright. Alteration zones of the rocks are uratilized. The rocks are cut by rhyolite and aplite dykes. These rocks, which are very hard and require blasting, exist on the hills between Kizilirmak Valley and Aksaray-Ankara Highway. Upper Miocene - Pliocene (M3PI) Tuzkoy Formation and Pecenek Formation are representative for these ages. Tuzkoy Formation (Atabey et.al, 1987) is composed of fine layered and laminated, worm borrowed siltstono; laminated silty clay stone; fine-layered, worm borrowed sandstones and is partially alternating with tuffite. Siltstones are yellowish-gray colored and fractured. They have the characteristics of silty limestones, where the carbonate content is high. Siltstones are greenish-gray colored and laminated in some places. Siltstones include gypsum crystals and tuffite conformable to the layering. Another unit of this formation, called as Kesiktepe Member, consists of porous, hard and yellow-pink pumice. These pumices exist together with marbled tuffites. The rocks, which form the Tuzkoy Formations, are more resistant than the other rocks in the region; therefore, they form the high hills and ridges. PAGE 16133 F I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM These units are formed by deposition of volcaniclastic material into the lake. The approximate thickness of the Tuzkoy Formation is between 50-150 m. These formations are exposed between Kizilirmak Valley and Aksaray-Ankara highway and the natural gas storage area. In general, the excavation in the area will be possible with machinery; however, in the areas where alteration zones exist, excavation by hand will be possible. No groundwater problem exists in the area. At the hillsides, where the slope is high, there exists the risk of mass movements. Quatemarv (Q and Q1) The units corresponding to this age are alluvium in Kizilirmak Valley and Aksaray- Sultanhani Plain. The alluvium in Kizilirmak Valley contains mainly sand and gravel and, in less amount, clay and silt. The alluvial deposits of Aksaray-Sultanhani Plain; on the other hand, are mainly composed of fine-grained materials such as silt and clay. Alluvions of both Kizilirmak Valley and Aksaray-Sultanhani Plain are the units saturated with groundwater. Excavation by hand is possible at these locations; however, the major problem is groundwater. The depth of alluvial deposits of Kizilirmak Valley is around 50 m; however, their depth is around 150 m at the Aksaray-Sultanhani Plain. 2.2.1 Structural Geology And Tectonism The collision of Arabian-African Plate and Tauride-Anatolide Platform corresponding to the closure of southern branch of Neotethys Ocean and initiating the Neotectonic period in Miocene resulted in escaping of Central Anatolia in westward direction along North Anatolian and East Anatolian Faults. The western parts were uplifted and the region tumed into an inland sea. In order to reduce the stress owing to the uplifting, certain areas became the side of extension generating grabens with normal faults. These grabens also induced strike slip faults along which Tuz Golu basin and Konya basin were formed. Tuz Golu basin has NW-SE striking trend and is bounded by Aksaray Fault. The northern branch of Neotethys Ocean closed at the end of Upper Cretaceous accompanied by the nappes advancing from north to south. These nappes caused the deformation of the rocks in the region. In the study area, Aksaray and Sultanhani Faults are present (Refer to Figure 2.3 and 2.4) PAGE 17133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Aksaray Fault Aksaray Fault, also known as Tuz Golu Fault, bounds the eastern margin of Tuz Golu. The fault is N30°W trending rght-lateral strike slip fault; however, it also exhibits dip slip fault components at 300-500 m. Based on the active fault map of Turkey, it is the only active fault within the boundaries of project site. Freshwater pipeline crosses this active fault. Sultanhan, Fault Sultanhani Fault is a NW-SE trending, dip-slip fault and passes through Sultanhani. The up thrown block of the fault includes Tuz Golu and Insuyu Formations; whereas, the downthrown block involves Tuz Golu Formation. PAGE 18/33 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NC 2 w t t-~ 1' Dearee o) -I, (7 j 2' Degreec a\ 3' Degree co 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CD 4" Degree a z 55 Degree0 m m Tz;ov "' f .tit . > :0 ju ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--4 C) m r > n | ' S l * Pmovince centre a C) .0CO) . w ',_ ^ \ < t e L * Distrid certre 0 z - CDt A - SW'Vr A X0 Sub-distlid centre tn Z m o - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ative fdultsa)ITA) CO a O / Esk d 12) i lsula~a Road 3 0 J y= : High-Aay @ CD > co~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pi e 0- a ~ ~~~ ARiver M rio - Di sid boundary -m - Province boundary 0 5 Vm - -0 m EARTHOUAKE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT ANKARA TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM , , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J vu4 glg >+ ! v t *~~~~~~~~~~~~I - - b />__ 1.-.la. v.~~~ 8 + ~~ ?s;tE ' _ ' . - . - A. A.:2' - P T v'S q, , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fta i v *t 45" - a- - J i _ _ , ~~~~. _. ..I - _ ; , - _ I, )' g J * >1. -.--- ' * t .>f s<, s , }~- - C- __ ;*-, --- _-E'' - *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , t* ,a ,. * _ Figure 2.4 General Geology along the Pipeline Route PAGE 20133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0~ WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2.3 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS All agricultural areas along the fresh water pipeline route have been identified based on the four categories, which are namely, suitability for cultivation, land use type, erosion degree and major soil groups. The details of classification are given in below tables. In order to determine the major soil groups along the pipeline route, the land use maps, prepared by the General Directorate of Rural Services were used. According to the information obtained by digitizing of the maps of interest, the major soil groups were determined. Table 2.6. Land Use Capability Classes Capability Suitability for Cultivation Agricultural Limiting Length (km) Ratio (°) Class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __Factors_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ Suitable for cultivating most of Very few or no limitations. 22,89 20,02 the crop t pes. l Suitable for long-term Requires special il cultivation of a large variety of mitigation measures 9,56 8,36 crops ~~against soil and water 95686 crops losses. Suitable for cultivation of appropriate types of crops with Prone to erosion and _il special protection measures. requires artificial drainage 28,05 24,53 Generally, require special care when cultivated. when used for agricultural purposes. Suitable for cultivation of a few special agricultural species by Severe limitations in terms IV appropriate ploughing. of soil depth, stone 27,33 23,90 Generally, require special care content, moisture and 2 when utilized for agricultural slope. purposes. Flat or mild sloped, stony or very wet soil, not suitable for Pertains a poor drainage V cultivation by ploughing. and a structure not Generally, utilized as suitable for ploughing. meadows or forest area. Not suitable for cultivation by Very severe limitations in VI ploughing. Mostly utilized as terms of slope and 17,56 15,36 pastureland or forest area. shallow soil. . . ~~~~Limitations in terms of Not economical for agricultural shallow soil, stone Vil purposes, but suitable for poor content slope and 8,97 7,84 pastureland or forestation. erosion. Not suitable for vegetation. Vill Can be utilized as recreation Lack of soil. area or as shelter area for wildlife. PAGE 21/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 2.7. Land Use Type Land Use Type Length (km) Ratio (%) Dry Agriculture (Fallowed) 65,39 55,49 Pastureland 36,96 33,63 Irrigated Agriculture 14,29 12,13 Horticulture (Dry) 0,84 0,71 Horticulture (Irrigated) 0,64 0,54 Hirfanli Dam Lake 0,56 0,48 Table 2.8. Erosion Degree Erosion Degree Length (km) Ratio(%) 0 None or Very Little 51,26 50,17 1 Moderate 15,18 11,22 2 Severe 43,17 31,90 3 Very Severe 9,08 6,71 Table 2.9Major Soil Groups Major Soil Group Length (km) Ratio Brown soils 55,22 46,52 Alluvial soils 33,79 28,47 Hydromorphic alluvial soils 1,46 1,23 Regosols 12,35 10,41 Reddish Brown 2,52 2,12 Colluvial soils 4,79 4,04 Chestnut Colored 8,00 6,74 Lake 0,56 0,47 2.4. POPULATION According to the 2000 population census, the total population of Aksaray is 396.084, 50.5% and 49.5% of which constitute urban and rural population, respectively. There are seven districts in Aksaray Province. Among these, the Central District, Sultanhani Municipality of Central District, Sanyahsi, Aga,cren and Ortakoy Districts are the settlements that will be mostly impacted from the proposed pipeline construction. The settlements along the pipeline route (refer to Figure 2.5) and their populations according to 2000 population census are presented in Table 2.10 below. PAGE 22133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 2.10. Settlements along the pipeline route and population District Settlements Population Sariyahsi Bekdik 581 Sanyahsi BoAazkoy 3041 Aoa Oren Kutuklu 351 Aoaqbren Panii 4983 Ortakoy Hacimahmutu§agi 278 Ortakoy Pinarba§i 369 OrtakOy Haciibrahimupagi 542 Ortakoy Hidirlik 392 Ortakoy Karapinar 227 Ortakoy Camuzluk 362 Central Altinkaya 2474 Central Hanobasi 1535 Central Cerit 345 Central Bostanlik 74 Central Sapmaz 517 Central Baymis 445 Central Yesiltepe (Kirgil) 3439 Central Yesilova 4837 Central Yenikent 4981 Central Sultanhani 10.104 SIS, Census 2000 2.5 ECONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS The socio-economical structure of Aksaray is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry in rural areas. The main sectors of the regional economy are evaluated ;n detail in the following paragraphs. Aqrculture The sugar beet and cereals are the major types of crop in Aksaray, comprising of more than half of the total agricultural areas. The sugar beet and cereals are cultivated on the wetlands while barley, rye and wheat are cultivated on the dry agricultural lands. Distribution of the land use types in Central, Agacoren, Ortakoy and Sanyahsi Districts of Aksaray, which are located along the pipeline route, are given in below tables. PAGE 23/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 2.11. Land use distribution of the districts located along the pipeline route Agricultural Forest and Pasture Other Total District area Shrubbery Meadow (Ha) Area ( Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) CENTRAL 222.975 8.891 150.621 31.468 413.955 AGAQOREN 29.922 --- 18,548 3,147 51.617 ORTAKOY 45.643 1.937 30.612 4.938 83.130 SARIYAH,i 16.071 --- 46 1.575 17.692 Table 2.12. Agricultural Area Distribution of the districts located along the pipeline route District Agricultural Area Irrigated Dry District (Ha) Agricultural Area Agricultural Area (Ha) ~~~~~(Ha) (Ha) CENTRAL 222.975 25.758 196.217 AGAQOREN 29.922 478 29.444 ORTAKOY 45.643 5.620 40.023 SARIYAHSi 16.071 1.030 15.041 Animal Husbandry The animal husbandry has the second important place in the Province of Aksaray following the agriculture. The animal breeding including the sheep breeding is performed in all sections of the province. The animals bred in the province are marketed within the surrounding provinces and districts. Bee breeding is also noted as another field of animal husbandry as traditionally performed in the province, and it is performed on the plateaus, especially around Mountain Hasan. The Sub-district of Sultanhani is one of the most developed animal husbandry centers of the region owing its position. The animal products such as meat, milk and spring wool can be supplied in the sub-district. Service Sector The service sector constitutes the second important sector of the Province of Aksaray. Many people work within the fields of trade, transportation, construction, carpeting, training and health and in the public institutions. PAGE 24133 [I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT * / EIA ADDENDUM * WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM t*RFANLPlAM. .- 7 rJKoreISAR KJ Is:01 PF iuz (ioLu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fd'jI ESJL S E+L ' ~~~~~~~~- Jj ,p**n z , / \ > / ~~~~~~~~~AAKARAY .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j 6-* J#S L I7Ud s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C~ 1_ A I !p Figure 2.5 The major settlements along the pipeline route PAGE 25133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE During the preliminary route surveys, no archaeological and cultural assets along the fresh water pipeline route corridor have been observed. However, in the event that any cultural asset is found durng the construction activities, the construction activity will be ceased and the nearest museum will be informed within 3 days as per Article 4 of the Cultural Heritage Protection Law (23.07.1983, Official Gazette issue no. 18113) PAGE 26133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION The major potential impacts of pipeline construction activities are briefly explained in the below sections and summarized in Table 3.1. Reference should be made to the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan for further details. 3.1 SITE PREPARATION ACTIVITIES/EXCAVATION Trench excavation will be reused for backfilling and landscaping purposes. The vegetative topsoil is comprised of soil layers, which are rich in humus, active in terms of microorganism activities, suitable for the plants to grow and 5-40 cm deep from the surface. These layers will be stripped off and stored adjacently as piles in areas that are not in use on site. In the course of this storage, the top of soil piles will be covered by nylon covers and the soil loss (erosion) related to precipitation will be prevented. Following the construction phase this vegetative soil, which is rich in minerals, will be used in landscape studies. Regarding these conditions, it is considered that the excavation planned to be realized in the construction site will have no important adverse impacts on the topography of the region and natural landscape. 3.2 DUST Dust emission will be possible to be encountered during the construction activities due to various sources such as soil stripping, excavations, transportation on unpaved roads and construction materials to be fallen from the vehicles. In the course of the construction the dust emitting processes such as breaking, grinding will not be required. With the intention to minimize the probable impacts regarding the dust emission and to keep the dust emissions at the lowest level, the vicinity of the related areas will be regularly watered. Besides, all transportation vehicles to carry excavation materials on site will be covered. The speed of the vehicles will be restrcted with 30 km/hour on unpaved roads. The filling material to be used will be procured from the closest locations to the construction site. Moreover, it will be paid attention to not to allow the trucks to pass on the mud on their wheels to the main roads on rainy days. PAGE 27/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM 0J WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM All excavation material will be protected with the precautions preventing dusting as of indicated in Article 7 of Air Quality Protection Regulation to prevent the effect of wind and rain, i.e. usage of nylon covers, compressing with binding materials. 3.3 WASTE GENERATION During the construction of water supply line, solid wastes from various sources will be created. These sources can be classified as domestic wastes, residual oils resulting from the oil change of machines and vehicles, other solid wastes (iron pieces, steel, packing materials, material over sieve, etc.) Domestic solid wastes and construction wastes, such as iron pieces, steel, packing materials and material over sieve (excavation material which is excess of backfilling) will be formed as well will be collected and disposed at the dumpsite of the nearest Municipality. The disposal of the residual oils arisen from the oil change of the machines and vehicles during the construction of the pipeline will be carried out in compliance with the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation (HWCR). Waste/residual oils will be stored onsite discretely and given to a firm licensed by MoEF. Domestic wastewater will be collected in a lined (impermeable) septic tank and removed by the nearest Municipality. No industrial wastewater will be generated. 3.4 NOISE AND VIBRATION There will be no explosion during the construction activities, unless required. During the construction activities, the precautions indicated in Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act/Article 223 will be taken and accordingly, the employees will be provided with special helmets, earphones or earplugs that are protective against noise. In addition; . The maximum noise levels that the employees may be subject to as given in Noise Control Regulation (NCR), are given in Table 2. These values will not be exceeded during the construction activities. The noise levels, where heavy and dangerous activities are not performed, shall not exceed 80 dBA. At the areas, where the working activities, generating higher noise levels due to the requirements are conducted, the noise levels shall be 95 dBA maximum. However, in such a case, the workers shall be given protective equipments, i.e. special helmets, earphones or earplugs against noise. PAGE 28133 * I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * 0 / WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM * The operations causing noise will be limited within the hours 06:00- 1900, which is stated in Noise Control Regulation and is defining the daylight hours. . The works will be restricted with the activities generating low noise levels at nights and on official holidays. 3.5 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT As it is described in above sections, the most of the endemic flora species along the pipeline route corridor are wide spread in Turkey and in low-risk category. Therefore, there is no need to take special measures to protect these species during construction the activities. Only 2 flora species (Salsola anatolica and A. siehana) are categorized as vulnerable. Prior to the construction activities, the locations of these species within the pipeline route corridor will be determined via field surveys by competent botanists and the seeds of these species will be collected, moved to the similar habitats or protected ex-situ in botanic gardens and greenhouses under the control of universities. The seeds will be replanted in the same habitat after completion of the construction. In addition, any specie under protection found in the vicinity of the project site, shall be clearly marked and in no way be collected, chopped and taken off their roots. The construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor. A range of measures will be adopted during the construction and reinstatement phases to mitigate potential impacts on the biological environment, including the following. Experienced ecological advisors will be employed by Contractor and Environmental Monitoring Company (see EMP) during construction activities, who will regularly monitor the activities and observe for the occurrence of protected species and check nests of any mammalian and birds within the boundaries of the project site and the construction corridor, and advise on a site-specific precautions based on the sensitivity of the species. Construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor. The Hirfanli dam section, where water pipeline route starts is on the border of a bird wintering area due to wintering (Tufted duck, Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, White- headed duck, Coot and water birds) and migratory route (Ruddy shell duck). Construction of this section will be carried out between July and August to minimize any effects on migratory and winterng birds and their habitats. PAGE 29133 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 3.1. Summary Table of Impacts IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Excavation/ loss of top-soil Excavation material will be re-used for trench backfilling and land restoration The vegetative topsoil will be stored properly (by protecting with nylon covers against soil loss related to precipitation) and used for revegetation and landscaping. Dust generation due to Excavated material will be protected from wind and rain (e.g. using nylon covers and compaction with binding excavation, material storage, materials) handling and transport All transportation vehicles that will carry excavation material will be covered The speed of the vehicles will restricted with 30 km/hour on unpaved roads. Any exposed dust prone areas (e.g. roads) will be regularly watered (particularly during hot, dry, windy weather conditions). Wastewater generation Domestic wastewater will be collected in a lined (impermeable) septic tank and removed by the nearest Municipality. No industrial wastewater will be generated. Various wash down waters (only including suspended solids, oil and grease) will be collected via a separate line. After the removal of suspended solids, oil and grease, it will be used for watering green areas. Any hydrotest water (containing suspended solids and any coarse material) will be discharged to the nearest water body after settling. Waste/residual oils from oil change of the machinery and vehicles will be stored onsite separately and given to a firm licensed by MoEF. PAGE 30133 * g. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 3.1 Cont'd IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Solid waste generation Domestic solid wastes and construction wastes will be collected and disposed to the official MunicipalSolid Waste Disposal area of the nearest municipality. Noise and vibration due to site No explosives to be used unless required during the construction activities. Local residents will be informed of any preparation and construction use of explosives at least "5" days before intended use. activities The activities that generate noise will be limited with the hours 06:00 a.m-07:00 pm, and no work will be carried out on official holidays. Employees will be provided with special helmets, earphones or earplugs against noise. The maximum noise levels that workers can be subjected to will not be exceeded during the construction activities Transportation No access roads will be constructed unless necessary and approved by BOTA$. The existing roads will be used to the greatest extent. Impacts on flora In the event that the species protected as per the BERN Convention and the "Vulnerable" species according to Turkish Red Data Book as are found, they will be managed in accordance with Bern Convention specifications. The seeds of these species shall be taken and moved to the similar habitats or protected ex-situ in botanic gardens (under the inspection of Monitoring Company, see EMP section C) and greenhouses under the control of universities. These species, found in the vicinity of the site, shall be clearly marked and in no way be collected, chopped and taken off their roots. Construction activities will be limited to construction corridor. PAGE 31/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 3.1. Cont'd IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Impacts on fauna Decisions of Central Hunting Commission shall be complied with. Construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor A fauna expert shall be employed by the Construction Contractor to monitor construction activities. The expert will recommend, as appropriate, and discuss with the Monitoring Company any mitigation, which may be necessary to bring any observed impacts to acceptable levels. Implementation of any recommended mitigation would only proceed after mutual agreement is reached between Monitoring Company, the Construction Contractor and the Construction Contractor fauna expert. Any rare and endangered species will be managed in accordance with the national or international regulations and treaty requirements. Handling & usage of explosive/ Any explosive material will be kept in locked containers and appropriately labeled. hazardous and toxic materials The fuels to be used by the work machines will be purchased from companies with valid operating permits If storage is required, then fuels or hazardous liquids will be stored in tanks situated on impermeable (e.g. concrete) surfaces with bund to contain any leaks. Warning signs will be placed on the storage tanks, etc. Impacts on Cultural and Natural A cultural expert will remain on-site to issue government if procedures are followed. Assets Turkish chance find procedures will be followed (i.e. cease activities, consult with authority and protection in situ if I possible) PAGE 32/33 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Table 3.1. Cont'd IMPACT PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURE Health and safety risks Warning signs will be placed in the field against possible work accidents/dangerous conditions The workers will be equipped with necessary safety equipments (e.g. shatter proof work glasses, protective work shoes, etc.) in accordance with Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act (Official Gazette dated 11.01.1974 and numbered 14765). The area will be fenced and entrances to and exits from the construction site will be either guarded or locked. An emergency response plan will be developed and necessary training will be given. (Just before the construction activity starts. During the detailed design, it will be prepared by Contractor and BOTA, will approve) PAGE 33/33 l l TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT \,4 EIA ADDENDUM _ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS A. MITIGATION PLAN ................................................................. 2 B. MONITORING PLAN ................................................................. 15 C. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................. 27 O rganization O verview ..................................................................... 27 Roles And Responsibilities ..................................................................... 27 D. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL NGOs AND PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS ...... 31 E. ANNEX ................................................................. 40 PAGE 1142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. MITIGATION PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure Mitigation Date Date (If Substantial) CONSTRUCTION PIPELINE and Excavation * Excavation material will be re-used for trench Minor Construction During SURFACE backfilling and land restoration Contractor Construction FACILITIES * The vegetative topsoil will be stored properly Water Supply (by protecting with nylon covers against soil Brine Discharge loss related to precipitation) and used for Natural Gas revegetation and landscaping. Branch Line Dust generation due to * Excavated material will be protected from wind Minor Construction During excavation, material and rain (e.g. using nylon covers and Contractor Construction storage, handling and compaction with binding materials) transport * All transportation vehicles that will carry excavation material will be covered * The speed of the vehicles will restricted with 30 km/hour on unpaved roads. * Any exposed dust prone areas (e.g. roads) will be regularly watered (particularly during hot, dry, windy weather conditions). _ Solid waste generation * Domestic solid wastes and construction Minor Construction During at worksite wastes will be collected and disposed to the Contractor Construction official Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of the nearest municipality. All items designated as responsibility of Contractor will be specified in the bid documents PAGE 2/42 * .. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility St art End I ~~~~Measure I Mitigation IDate Date (If Substantial) . CONSTRUCTION Wastewater generation * Domestic wastewater will be collected in a Minor Construction During at worksite lined (impermeable) septic tank and removed Contractor Construction by the nearest Municipality. * No industrial wastewater will be generated. * Various washdown waters (only including suspended solids, oil and grease) will be collected via a separate line. After the removal of suspended solids, oil and grease, it will be used for watering green areas. * Any hydrotest water (containing suspended solids and any coarse material will be discharged to the nearest water body after settling. * Waste/residual oils from oil change of the machinery and vehicles will be stored onsite separately and given to a firm licensed by MoEF. (Refer to Annex for the discharge standards given in Water Pollution Control Regulation) PAGE 3/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure | Mitigation | Date Date _ (If Substantial) _ CONSTRUCTION Noise and vibration due * No explosives to be used unless required Minor Construction During Contractor Construction to site preparation and during the construction activities. Local construction activities residents will be informed of any use of explosives at least 5" days before intended use. * The activities that generate noise will be limited with the hours 06:00 a.m-07:00 pm, and no work will be carried out on official holidays. * Employees will be provided with special helmets, earphones or ear plugs against noise. * The maximum noise levels that workers can be subjected to will not be exceeded during the construction activities' Transportation No access roads will be constructed unless Minor Construction During necessary and approved by BOTA$. The Contractor Construction existing roads will be used to the greatest extent. 1 Refer to the Annex for the related Article of Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act and the noise levels PAGE 4/ 42 * *. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 o / EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase | Issue Mitigating | Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure Mitigation Date Date (If Substantial) CONSTRUCTION Impacts on flora (due to site * In the event that the species protected Minor Construction During clearance) as per the BERN Convention and the "Vulnerable" species according to Turkish Red Data Book as are found, they will be managed in strict accordance with the Bern Convention specifications. * The seeds of these species shall be taken and moved to the similar habitats or protected ex-situ in botanic gardens (under the inspection of Monitoring Company, see Section C) and greenhouses under the control of universities. These species, found in the vicinity of the site, shall be clearly marked and in no way be collected, chopped and taken off their roots. * Construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor. PAGE 5/ 42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure Mitigation Date | Date (If Substantial)l CONSTRUCTION Impacts on fauna * Decisions of Central Hunting Commission shall be Minor Construction During (disturbance during the complied with. (refer to the Annex) Contractor Construction construction activities) * Construction activities will be limited to the construction corridor. * Any rare and endangered species will be managed in accordance with the national or international regulations and treaty requirements * Construction activities will take place during periods when no migratory bird flight are occurring (July- September for 15 km section of brine discharge pipeline; July-August for construction at Hirfanli Dam section) * A fauna expert shall be employed by the Construction Contractor to monitor construction activities. The expert will recommend, as appropriate, and discuss with the Monitoring Company any mitigation, which may be necessary to bring any observed impacts to acceptable levels. Implementation of any recommended mitigation would only proceed after mutual agreement is reached between Monitoring Company, the Construction Contractor and the Construction Contractor fauna expert. PAGE 6142 * ec.s TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure Mitigation Date Date (If Substantial) CONSTRUCTION Health and safety risks * Warning signs will be placed in the field Minor Construction During against possible work Contractor Construction accidents/dangerous conditions * The workers will be equipped with necessary safety equipments (e.g. shatter proof work glasses, protective work shoes, etc.) in accordance with Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act (Official Gazette dated 11.01.1974 and numbered 14765). a The area will be fenced and entrances to and exits from the construction site will be either guarded or locked. * An emergency response plan will be developed and necessary training will be given. (Just before the construction activity starts. During the detailed design, it will be prepared by Contractor and BOTA$ will approve) PAGE 7/ 42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Responsibility Start End Measure Mitigation Date Date (If Substantial) CONSTRUCTION Handling & usage of * Any explosive material will be kept in Minor Construction During explosive/hazardous and toxic locked containers and appropriately Contractor Construction materials labeled. * Fuels to be used by the work machines will be purchased from companies with valid operating permits * If storage is required, then fuels or hazardous liquids will be stored in tanks situated on impermeable (e.g. concrete) surfaces with bund to contain any leaks. * Warning signs will be placed on the storage tanks, etc. Drainage (for surface facilities) The drainage system will be formed at the Minor Construction During base level of the buildings and combined Contractor Construction with the grid canals and manholes to be formed in the construction area PAGE 8/ 42 * .0. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0s/ EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Mitigation Responsibility Start End Measure (If Substantial) Date Date CONSTRUCTION Impacts on Cultural and * A cultural expert will monitor the Minor Construction During Natural Assets construction activities ion continuously * Turkish chance find procedures will be followed (i.e. cease activities, consult with museum authority and protection in situ as required) DRILLING Oily Waste Waters A wastewater pool with an Minor Construction During ACTIVITIES . . . . Contractor Drilling Impermeable lining using geo- Activities membrane will be constructed and an oil trap will be placed in the channel entering to the pool in order to separate oil and petroleum from the wastewater. After oil and grease removal, oily residue will be given to a firm licensed by MoEF; remaining water will be used for watering green areas. PAGE 9/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase | Issue | Mitigating | Cost of Mitigation Responsibility | Start End Measure I (If Substantial) Date Date CONSTRUCTION Impacts on Groundwater due * Casing will be cemented until Minor Construction During to leakage of drilling mud reaching the impermeable Contractor Drilling Activities fluids formation along the drilling section. The drilling operations will be carried out inside this casing. Only water based bentonite clay drilling muds containing no toxic materials will be used. Formation Wastes and Drilling * Mud pits (lined) will be opened for Minor Construction During Muds the temporary storage of the Contractor Drilling Activities formation wastes and drilling mud and they will be removed from the area by a firm licensed by MoEF after solidification (drying). * The drilling area and the surrounding of the mud pit will be surrounded with a wire mesh fence and entrance will be locked. Warning signs will be placed at the entrance. PAGE 10/ 42 * .. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Mitigation Responsibility Start End Measure If Su~~~bstantia Date Date CONSTRUCTION LEACHING Sludge from brine settling The solid particles (>200 pm) will be Minor Construction During OPERATIONS Contractor Leaching tanks collected in settling tanks. The sludge Operations will be removed manually every 15 days and collected with mobile containers and disposed to the official Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of Sultanhani Municipality. Impacts of brine discharge on * Discharge location is in Minor Construction During lake water quality unproductive/arid area in terms of Contractor Leaching Operations ecological characteristics and agricultural activities and also there exist no salt production) of Lake (based on the official maps and field surveys) * It is estimated that the discharge plume will remain within the boundaries of the unproductive area for the complete duration of the leaching operation. The plume will be monitored to assure these estimates are valid. PAGE 11/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase | Issue Mitigating | Cost of Mitigation Responsibility Start End Measure (If Substantial Date Date OPERATION Noise * Installation of silencers to the entry BOTA$ During (Pump and Compressors, etc.) and exit of the cooling fans Operation * Procurement of low sound emanating backup motor, pump and compressors * Limitation of truck transportation merely with hours of daylight if required * Noise levels will be in accordance with Turkish standards (refer to Annex) Fire A fire protection system will be BOTA$ During available at site (Fire detectors Operation sensitive to heat, smoke and flame, nonautomatic fire extinguishing systems will be available in the site agiainst fir as well) _ PAGE 12142 * 0''e TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Mitigation Responsibility Start End Measure (If Substantial) Date Date OPERATION * Accidents and Sabotage * Parameters such as pressure, BOTA$ During temperature and flow rate will be Operation monitored continuously at certain (at well head locations and at line valves.) locations on the line and the caverns, abnormal conditions (i.e. sudden pressure drop) will be reported to the authorities * Line valves sensitive to sudden pressure drops will shut down automatically. Health and Safety Education on; BOTA, During * Site security * Environmental protection * First aid * Fire fighting * Health and occupational safety * Risk assessment will be given to the personnel employed. PAGE 13/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Phase Issue Mitigating Cost of Mitigation Responsibility Start End l Measure ] (If Substantial Date Date OPERATION Leakage and explosion In case of leakage of natural gas in BOTA$ During (pipeline) closed areas (possibility of ignition and Operation explosion of the accumulated gas cloud), the area will be immediately ventilated in accordance with best international practice (e.g. ventilation fans, sparkless motors) Emergency Cases BOTA$, will inform the relevant BOTA, During governorships, municipalities, etc. Operation prior to the commencement of gas storage and send to them the emergency response plans (refer to EIA Report, Section 8.2.2) Waste generation * Domestic solid wastes will be BOTA, During collected and disposed to the Operation Municipal Solid Waste Disposal area of Sultanhani Municipality. * With the start of operation, septic tank will be replaced by package treatment plant. The discharge water will be used for watering green areas.. PAGE 14/42 * .. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN B. MONITORING PLAN Monitoring How When Cost What ~~~~~Where is the is the What is the Phaseha is t,o be is the parameter parameter cost of Phase isramtoer parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored - equipment Responsibility Dtarte Edat monitorbed to be type of frequency of o ae Dt monitored? monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? charges to perform monitoring Construction Top soil storage area to Weeklyduring Environmental During of Pipeline be identified by yadurin Monitoring construction Top soil storage Visual construction and Surface Contractor and approved activities Company activities Facilities by BOTAS prior to use Designated disposal Environmental During Storage and ara ln h ieieWeekly during Monitoring construction Disposal of areas along the pipeline Visual construction excavated material routes and at Surface activities Company activities Facilities Covering of . . At random, but Environmental During Work site boundaries at vehiclest which l averaging weekly Monitoring construction carry excavation . . during construction Company activities loading will be performed. material activities Weekly during Environmental During construction Monitoring construction activities. More Company activities Dust Level Excavation, material Visual frequently (2-3 storage, handling areas tmswe)drn times/week) during hot, dry, windy conditions PAGE 15142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring Cost How When What is the What Where is the is the cost of Parameter is the parameter parameter equipment Start End Phase i te parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored Responsibility Dat monitorbed to be type of frequency of conractorDat monitored? monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? charges to perform monitoring Solid Waste Work site boundaries Initially once a Environmental During (Collection, storage (at the solid waste Visual week, if satisfactory Monitoring construction and disposal) subsequently Company activities storage area) monthly Domestic Visually for leaks Environmental During wastewater Septic tank Vi(Sudden decrease Weekly Monitoring construction management in the level) Company activities Septic tank lined Washing waters At the exit of the * Gravimetric Weekly Environmental During management washing water analysis for ss initially Monitoring construction Suspended solids treatment area (for ss, * Hexane solubility then monthly Company activities (ss), oil and grease oil grease removal) test for oil and grease PAGE 16/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Whtos th What ~~~~Where is the is the cot sthof P harmte is the parameter parameter Start En Phase i mntobed parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- equipment Responsibility Date Date monitorbed to be type of frequency of o ae Dt monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? charges to perform ____________ monitoring Hvdrotest water At the hydrotest water Visual Before discharge Environmental During disDosal collection tank prior to Monitoring construction (either settled discharge (not necessary to Company activities before discharge for make suspended solids physical/chemical and any coarse analysis) material removal) Wastelresidual oils Waste oil containers Visual Once a week Environmental During collection and (either collected Check Monitoring construction removal separately and certification/check Company activities removed by firms validity of license licensed by MoEF) before engaging the firm PAGE 17/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 v 7 EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When ~~~~Cost What ~~~Where is the is theWhtite What ~ sth armtr aamtrcost of Phase Parameter parameter to be monitupredl to be moit e ipme nt Start End Phase is to be prmtr tbemntrd toemnird- or Responsibility Date Date monitored? to be type of frequency of cnrco monitored? monitoring measurement or contracstor equipment? continuous? carges to monitoring Noise level Along the pipeline Noise During major Environmental During dB[A] route and surface measurements construction Monitoring construction facilities construction by sound level activities and if there Company activities areas meter are local complaints with weighting options (constant ,slowly changing noise and impulsive noise) also measuring sound pressure level (SPL) PAGE 18142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 o | EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Whtos th What ~~~~Where is the is the cots thof Paramte is the parameter parameter Start En Phase ais to be parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- equipment Responsibility SDate Date monitorbed to be type of frequency of o ae Dt monitored? monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? charges to perform monitoring Health and Safety Work site boundary Visual Random, but Environmental During *Use of equipments Before entering averaging Monitoring construction By employees workplace once/week. If Company activities against noise violations are *Warning signs observed, frequency *Safety equipments will be increased of workers *Adoption of safety rules (for security of site and excavation, scaffold and heavy vehicles, etc) Work site safety Work site boundary Visual Random, but Environmental During (either fenced and averaging Monitoring construction entrance & exit are once/week. If Company activities kept under control) violations are observed, frequency will be increased PAGE 19/ 42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Whtos th What ~~~~Where is the is theWhtite Phase Par~Wamte is the parameter parameter cost ofEn Phase P eis to be parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- equipment Res onsibility Stat DEtd monitorbed to be type of frequency of conractorDat monitored?monitored? monitoring measurement or cnrco equipment? continuous? charges to perform ._______________ __________________ m onitoring Storage of Storage area Visual Random, but Environmental During explosive material averaging Monitoring construction (either in locked once/week. If Company activities containers) violations are observed, frequency will be increased to daily Storage of fuels or Storage tank (either Visual Before initial use of Environmental During hazardous liquids stored in properly storage facilities Monitoring construction designed tanks Monthly check for Company activities situated on leaks impermeable surface with bund) Fuel purchase Before delivery is Visual Upon arrival at site Environmental During (from the licensed allowed to fill storage (check Monitoring construction firms) tanks certification) Company activities PAGE 20/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Cost What ~~~~Where is the is the What is the What ~ sth armtr aamtrcost of Parameter ithpaaeepaaee eqpnntStart End Phase ist eparameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- eup nt Responsibility Daeat mis tored? to be type of frequency of i Dtrctor i monitored? monitored? monitoring measurement or chacto equipment? continuous? charges to perform .____________ monitoring Drainage of surface Facilities area Visual During site Environmental During facilities area and preparation and Monitoring construction impermeability of construction of Company activities internal roads facilities (Check during rainy conditions) Flora under Along the pipeline Visual Weekly during Environmental During protection route and at the monitoring, construction Monitoring construction surface facilities area recording and activities Company activities reporting by (if necessary then university trained more frequent, to be ecological expert decided by BOTA$) (to be approved L ___l___l_ by BOTA9 PAGE 21/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When ~~~~Cost Where is tohbmoeHo is the What is the What Weeithishecost of Parameter ~ ~ ~ ~~euimnt oniuos equipment Strt En is the parameter parameter Rsosblt ae Dt Phase Prmtrparameter to be monitored) to be monitored- eupet Rsosblt tr n is to be tob yeo rqec forDaeat monitored? tob yeo rqec f contractor monitored? monitoring measurement or charges to equipment? continuous? perform .____________ monitoring Fauna under Along the pipeline Visual Weekly during Environmental During protection and the route and at the monitoring, construction Monitoring construction construction surface facilities area recording and activities Company activities periods for reporting (if necessary ,then wintering and by university more frequent, to be migratory birds trained ecological decided by BOTA$) expert (approved by BOTA$) Drilling Oily wastewaters Wastewater pool Visual Weekly or daily if Environmental During Activities collection and (either lined and oil problems are Monitoring drilling storage trap functioning observed Company activities properly) Removal of oily Plant site Visual According to Environmental During wastewater by removal schedule to Monitoring drilling Licensed be determined prior Company activities Companies to the construction activity . PAGE 22142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Whtos th What ~~~~Where is the is theWhtite Phase ~~Parameter is the parameter parameter cospnet ofrt En Phase t parameter to be monitoredl to be monitored- equipment Responsibility Start End monitorbed to be type of frequency of or Date Date monitobed? monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? charges to perform monitoring Casing usage Drilling area Pressure Continuously, during Environmental During against leakage of monitoring of the drilling activity Monitoring drilling drilling mud drilling casing to Company and activities see if there is a also whoever rapid decrease will be monitoring the drilling activity and well pressure. . Formation wastes Mud pits for leakage Visual Weekly Environmental During and drilling muds Monitoring drilling storage and Controlled entrance to Check Company activities removal mud pit area certification. Disposal by licensed Check validity of firm license before engaging the firm PAGE 23/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring Cost How When What is the What Where is the is thecotf P eParameteris the parameter parameter eqcuosent Start End Phase Paramtoer parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored - equipmentblit Starte Ende monitored? to be type of frequency of cnrco monitored? monitoring measurement or contractor equipment? continuous? perform monitoring Leaching Brine At diffuser location Tuz Conductivity Monthly Environmental During Operations quality/Receiving Golu (brine discharge) meter, Monitoring Leaching water quality Measurements to be pH meter Company operations (salt content, pH, made upstream and Atomic heavy metals, ) downstream of diffuser absorption as well as on either -key parameters side. Attempts will be -compare to made to characterize receiving water in the brine discharge unproductive "plume" and how/if it is area evolving with time compared to predictions to ensure it remains in the unproductive area PAGE 24142 * 0 0f TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT 0 v / EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Cost Where is the is the What is the Paramte is the parameter parameter cost of trEn Phase i ar te parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- equipment Responsibility SDtate t Eante monitorbed to be type of frequency of or contractorDaeat monitord monitored? monitoring measurement or charges to equipment? continuous? perform monitoring Operation Noise from * Compressor Station Noise Measurement at the BOTA$ During Compressor at the project sites measurements start of operation, operation Stations * At the nearest by sound level and then any settlement area meter complaints from with local residents weighting options (constant, slowly changing noise and impulsive noise) also measuring sound pressure level (SPL); Domestic Wastewater treatment Effluent analysis Weekly BOTAS During Wastewater plant effluent for basic quality initially operation parameters then monthly if (pH, BOD, operation stable In suspended accordance with the solids) official discharge permit) PAGE 25/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Monitoring How When Cost What Where is the is the What is the Parameter is the parameter parameter cost of Start End Phase is to be parameter to be monitored/ to be monitored- equipment Responsibility Date Date monitored? to be type of frequency of or contractor monitored? monitoring measurement or charges to equipment? continuous? perform monitoring Fire protection At surface facilities Visual and Monthly initially, BOTA$ During system area regularly quarterly if no operation scheduled problems observed simulations Leakage and Gas storage area, Methane Continuous BOTA$ During explosion surface facilities detectors operation PAGE 26/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN C INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Oraanization Overview In order to provide an efficient co-ordination, . BOTAi, * Construction Contractor, * Independent Environmental Monitoring Company to be hired by BOTA;, . Ministry of Environment & Forestry (MoEF) MoEF, EIA Monitoring and Control Department and its associated units. have to work in coordination in both technical and managerial matters. Please refer to the Organization Chart for the information flows and the responsible parties in BOTAa and its Contractor. With reference to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), monitoring and control are of critical importance for minimizing the environmental impacts during project implementation. BOTA$ Management (refer to the chain in the chart) together with the department that will be responsible for the construction activities will ensure that all construction related activities of Contractor(s) comply with approved EMP. To achieve this, BOTA$ will regularly monitor and evaluate the Contractor's field activities and performance through auditors. Environmental Engineer of BOTA; directly connected to Underground Storage Manager, will be responsible for coordinating and supervising the monitoring activities. BOTA$ will also carry out an independent auditing programme through an Environmental Monitorng Company, which will inspect the field activities of Contractor(s) and directly report to BOTA;. Roles And Responsibilities BOTA$ Contractor(s) will be responsible for the adoption of the EMP during the construction phase, implementation of all mitigation measures stated in EMP and required to be in compliance with the EMP together with the project' environmental standards. In order to achieve this, BOTA$ Contractor(s) will adopt a self-control/monitoring mechanism and formulate his own management plan including regular self inspection and auditing programme, which will be reviewed in terms of consistency with EMP and approved by BOTA$ prior to construction. BOTA,; Contractor(s) through assigning a full time "Environmental Engineer", will prepare the progress reports (weekly) based on the monitoring plan detailing works completed within the respective period, results of measurements and supervisions further to the problems encountered on the site and have direct contact with BOTA$ Environmental Engineer. The progress reports should also include a work schedule for the next period. PAGE 27142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BOTA$ MANAGEMENT Genera Manager Deputy General Manager Head of Engineering and Contracts Department Underground Storage Manager Environmental Engineer Environmental Monitoring -----------Construction Contractor's Company's Environmental Chief independent audit of Environmental Chief construction contractor Environmental Monitoring Company's Construction Contractor's Environmental teamnatoring sitea s 1environmental team at site ___________________________________e (archaeological and ecological experts) PAGE 28/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * xJ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BOTA, will hire an "Environmental Monitoring Company" for independent monitoring the BOTA,; Contractor(s) activity. Environmental Monitoring Company will weekly review and comment on the weekly reports written and presented by the Contractor(s), inspect the work sites, review the environmental performance of the project and the Contractor's field activities, carry out environmental control analyses and data collection as defined in EMP, and report the findings both to the Contractor's Environmental Engineer and BOTA$ Environmental Engineer, in weekly basis. The reports should detail environmental problems encountered on the site, deficiencies in protection measures and recommendations for solutions. Responsibility for solving the reported problems and remedying the reported deficiencies rests with the Contractor(s) may possibly need approval from BOTAS if either the schedule is affected or money is needed to make the recommended solutions. The Environmental Monitoring Company should integrate into this studies the site visits and environmental control analyses, and propose solutions for any bottlenecks environmentally encountered on the site. Weekly and Monthly reports by Environmental Monitoring Company will be provided to BOTA; for review and approval of BOTA; Environmental Engineer who will evaluate data collected and analyses, perform verification visits during construction and operation activities incase needed, and prepare a final report including summary of the activities and recommended actions, if necessary.as monthly basis, which needs to be reviewed and approved by the UGS Manager. Incase any significant action is required (such as stopping the construction or needs money), BOTA$ Management will be informed. At the project site, daily meetings initially (but the frequency may be changed by BOTA;, depending on the work progress) with the participation of Environmental Monitoring Company's, Contractor's and BOTA$'s site supervisors, to discuss the daily activities, and take decisions. With BOTAS authorization, and approval, the Contractor(s) will be responsible for adoption of the decisions and to perform the required actions. Compliance and non-compliance with EMP identified during the inspection and audits will be recorded by Environmental Monitoring Company and reported to BOTA,i immediately. BOTAi Management will take necessary actions in such a case stop the activities in the case of Contractor's non-compliance with EMP and take the corrective actions. BOTA; will submit Summary Reports to World Bank quarterly basis indicating the activities and actions taken, as well as project progress. The monitoring process should involve the contribution of the MoEF. The Independent Environmental Monitoring Company will also report to the MoEF periodically during the construction activities in a requested time schedule and format. During the operation phase of the project, the unit in BOTAi that will be responsible for the * operation will be totally responsible for the monitoring of the activities and reporting. PAGE 29142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BOTA;, at that stage, will either continue on working with the Environmental Monitorng Company, which performs the monitoring during the construction phase, or hire another company (in a time based-reimbursable basis) for making the necessary measurements as defined in the operation phase of the monitoring plan and reporting the measurement results to BOTA@. The environmental engineer of the department responsible for the operation of the project will review and evaluate these results and prepare the reports quarterly including any recommended actions to the BOTA$ Management. PAGE 30/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN D. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL NGOs AND PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS First Public Consultation Announcement The notification of the consultation was announced by newspaper (named POSTA) on 21.03.2003. In addition the consultation place and date was announced by loudspeaker at several times along the week before meeting by Sultanhani Municipality. to the local people. Date of Consultation 27.03.2003 Location Sultanhani Municipality Meeting Hall Participators The members of EIA Review and Evaluation Commission formed by Ministry of Environment were invited to participate to the Public Consultation Meeting, which are as follows; Ministry of Environment Authority for the Protection of Special Environmental Areas General Directorate of EIA and Planning General Directorate of Environmental Protection General Directorate of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control * Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs * Ministry of Culture & Tourism * Ministry of Forest General Directorate of Minerals Research & Exploration/MTA General Directorate of Mineral Works * General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works/DSI * General Directorate of Rural Affairs General Directorate of Turkish Petroleum Corporation/TPAO Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Environment Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Health Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Agriculture In addition to the above govemmental organizations, local people were informed about the meeting and invited. Attended * BOTAS Representatives Ethem Tozlu/Project Manager, Ertug Ozturk, Gamze Emre,Ayra Elgin * ENVY Inc. Aysegul Korur, Tahir ,ebi, Hakan Yilmaz . Ministry of Environment/General Directorate of EIA and Planning Qagatay Dikmen, Nevin Beyhan, Evren Sapmaz PAGE 31/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN * Sultanhani Municipality (Phone: 0382 242 20 05) Seyit Temel/Major * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Environment Handan Kesgin, Mustafa Erba, * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Agriculture Dogan ipek * General Directorate of Minerals Research & Exploration (MTA) Selami Toprak * General Directorate of Mineral Works Sadi Akdemir * Headman of Cumhuriyet District Mustafa Arslanhan * Headman of Turkistan District Mahmut SuslO * Headman of Selcuk District Mustafa $anli * Headman of Zafer District Fevzi Saman * Local people (22 persons) Names of local people attended the meeting are; Abdullah Kara, ismail Soylemez, Hamza Boge, Ayhan Kara,ismail Dolek, Mehmet Sari, Hasan Soysal, ismail Sarigul, Mustafa Kara, Sadi Saman, Veysel Koyuncu, Abdullah Dblek, Murat Agir, Ramazan Dagii, Vegis Boge, Mevlut Dolek, Ahmet Duymaz, Huseyin Ayhan, Veysel Agir, Memis Solak, Rasim Kara, Dogan ipek. Anyone who wants to contact these local people may contact with "Headmans (muhtar) through contact with Sultanhani Municipality. Meeting Program/Schedule Before the Public Consultation Meeting, a site visit with the participation of the representatives of Ministry of Environment, General Directorate of Minerals Research & Exploration, General Directorate of Mineral Works, ENVY Inc. and BOTA, representatives, was performed. The Public Consultation Meeting was held at 02:00 p.m. at the Sultanhani Municipality Meeting Hall. The chairperson Handan Kesgin, head of Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Environment, gave brief information to the attendees, which was then followed by the presentation by ENVY Inc. During the presentation, the need for the project, how the EIA Report has been prepared, the project site, potential impacts of the project and the proposed mitigation measures as well as the results were described. The questions raised were answered by ENVY Inc. and BOTAS representatives. PAGE 32/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Summary Meeting Minutes The questions of attendees were as follows: Question: What are the reasons for not using surface water instead of groundwater dunng the creation of cavems? Answer: During the alternative evaluation for water supply, the necessary researches were made. Accordingly, no surface water could be determined at a location nearby the project area in the surroundings. The closest surface water source is the Esmekaya Lake located approximately 30 km northwest of the area. The 4.500 ha area at the mentioned region has been declared as a Site Area in 1992 under the name of Esmekaya Reed Bed, and declared as Wild Life Protection Area in 1994. In this respect, it will not be possible to obtain the approximately 570 m3/h (- 4.993.200 m3/year) water requirement necessary for the proposed project from a site area. Additionally, bringing water from a source 30 km distant would add extra costs to the project. The above mentioned explanations are given at Final Report Section 7.3. Due to the groundwater shortage of the region and the project revision (opening of 4 caverns simultaneously instead of 2), althougyh there exist no problem related to the allowance of this amount of water from groundwater resources, BOTA, decided to utilize Hirfanli Dam reservoir located 115 km from the project site as a fresh water source. DSI (State Hydraulic Works), the authority responsible for the water resources allocation in Turkey, provided their official approval for use of the required 10-12x106 m3/yr water from Hirfanli Dam. Question: How much area will the project cover? Will the regional stockbreeding be affected from the project? Will the project prevent animal transits? Answer: The project is comprised of (I) surface plants / facilities, (ii) wellheads and (iii) pipelines. The area of the surface facilities is 500 m x 800 m. The wellheads possess a very small area, and it is estimated that this area will be at most 20 m x 20 m. The pipelines will pass underground. In this respect, except for the surface facilities and wellheads, no area will be occupied to negatively affect the animal transit or the agricultural activities. Question: What measures will be taken for to prevent collapsing and leakage possibilities at the wells opened by TPAO in the proximity and the cavities at 100-300 m depths when natural gas is pumped to the cavems? Answer: During the drilling activities, it is possible that cavities or groundwater sources be present at the formations transited until an impermeable area is reached. In this case, casing will be placed along the drilling cross section until the impermeable formation and the drilling activities shall be executed within this caisson. In this way, there will not be any leak or leakage when any cavity is reached. In this respect, the drilling activities performed at both of the wells have been realized in the explained manner. For both of the wells, a caisson has been placed until an impermeable formation is reached at approx. 660 m, and the drilling activities were performed within this PAGE 33/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN caisson. Therefore, it has been prevented for the underground sources to be negatively affected from potential drilling mud teak. Question: What are the measures to be taken during drilling studies for the collapses that may arise due to the possibility of mud filling to these cavities located underground? Answer: The answer to this question is the same as the preceding one. Question: What will be the environmental effect of the nitrogen gas used for impermeability? Answer: When it is considered that the nitrogen gas ratio in the air we breathe is 78%, it is not foreseen that the nitrogen gas used in the scope of the project to have any negative effect. Question: How good is the durability to earthquakes? Answer: The project site is located at one of the least seismic and most stable regions of Anatolia. However, the past seismic history of Turkey provides evidence that earthquake of 6,5 magnitude can arise at almost any unexpected location within the country. Consequently, in terms of the results of such a variable case, it would be a more foresighted approach to account for a "long-term" seismic risk in the site. When evaluated in long term (average return period within 5000 year term), PGA (peak ground acceleration) will be about 0,3g. When evaluated in short term (which is approximately 500 year return period), PGA will bear a value of 0,17g. In this respect, during the design of the facilities in the project site, the earthquake magnitude that has been estimated with the worst case scenario has been taken into account. In this manner, every kind of measure has been taken for the surface facilities in case an earthquake occurs. Additionally, the studies performed at the project site, point out that the caverns to be constructed 700 m below the ground will not be affected from any seismic activity. However, there will be safety valves at the cavems at several depths along the line extending from the surface down to the cavem mouth. These valves will not only be automatically closed during earthquakes, but also in case of all extraordinary phenomenal conditions. Question: How will the pasture, treasure and agricultural fields be affected? Isn't it necessary for the Parcel and Plate numbers of the wells to be opened and the estates to be utilized at the project to be known? Answer: The project is currently in the stage of feasibility and the "certain" location of the project has not yet been determined. In this respect, it is not possible to determine the parcel numbers of the project site. However, before the commencement of the construction activities in the region, an application is to be made to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agricultural Production and Development General Directorate (TUGEM) regarding the fact that whether the project site is included within the 4342 issued Pasture Law. In case the PAGE 34/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN area is a pasture, permission will be taken from TUGEM for allocation purpose modification before the commencement of the investment. Question: Will the drinking water of the Sultanhani District be affected from the project? Answer: All the water transmission and discharge lines will be transmitted with closed pipe system. Additionally, it has been researched by DSI whether the water to be necessary for the leaching is present in the region and approval has been given regarding the fact that the approximately annual 5 million m3 water necessary for this project can be met from the underground water resources. In this respect, it is not expected for any negative effect to occur on the drinking water resources in the scope of the project. Question: Can the brine obtained as a result of the leaching of the salt formation be used for irrigation purposes after treatment? Answer: It is possible for to treat the brine and bring it to the irrigation water criteria. In this respect, the water taken from sea in the Arabian countries is treated. However, this is a very costly process. Since the water amount to arise at the end of the leaching process is very high, and due to the fact that the treatment of the arising brine being very costly, this is not a cost-effective method. Question: Will the fact that groundwater being used for the project, negatively affect the agriculture in the region? Answer: The utilization of ground water during the project will not be continuous and shall only be used during the period of opening the cavems (approximately 10 years). In this respect, the opinion of DSI has been taken regarding the ground water reserves in this area and the mentioned institution has allocated a total of approximately 5 x 10' m3 of water for this project. Therefore, an approximate 10-year utilization of the ground water is not expected to negatively affect the irrigation activities of the region. Due to the groundwater shortage of the region and the project revision (opening of 4 caverns simultaneously instead of 2), althougyh there exist no problem related to the allowance of this amount of water from groundwater resources, BOTA,S decided to utilize Hirfanli Dam reservoir located 115 km from the project site as a fresh water source. DSI (State Hydraulic Works), the authority responsible for the water resources allocation in Turkey, provided their official approval for use of the required 10-12x1 06 m3/yr water from Hirfanli Dam. Question: What will be the effect of the brine arising as a result of the leaching of the salt formation? Answer: Detailed explanations are present at section 5.2.5.4 of the EIA Report for this topic. Accordingly, the brine obtained as a result of leaching operation will be discharged to the Tuz Golu. For this aim, a Niggle Diagram has been prepared to clearly determine whether the Tuz Golu shows similar characteristics with the brine (brine). The mentioned diagram is being used for a long time by DSI for basin and irrigation water projects and by Bank of Provinces for drinking water projects, to determine whether different water are of the same PAGE 35142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM eiJ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN source or not. This diagram draws the anion and cation concentrations of the water sources on a single-sided logarthmic scale and the anion-cation changes of the water are observed. In the same-sourced waters, the anion-cation changes at the waters shows similarity. In the scope of the Tuz Golu UNGSP (Underground Natural Gas Storage Project), the analysis results of the water sample taken from the Tuz Golu is compared with the analysis values of the salt cores via a Niggle Diagram. In the diagram where the anion and cation concentrations are taken into account, it has been seen that the salt cores and the anion- cation changes of the Tuz Golu show a similarity. In this respect, it can be drawn out that the Tuz Golu and the water to be obtained by leaching the salt cores are of the same source. As a result, the discharge of the brine to be obtained as a result of the leaching of salt cores to Tuz Golu will not negatively affect the present quality of the lake. Additionally, as a consequence of the discharge of the brine to be obtained from the salt beds, which are a continuation of the salt beds located under the Tuz Golu and having the same composition with the Tuz Golu, to the lake will positively affect the lake, which is subject to continuous water loss. In a similar in Germany, the fact that the discharge of the leaching waters for long years to a fresh water source (Fulda River) near the project site has not negatively affected the lake, gives a general idea regarding the environmental issues mentioned above. Note: By the regional community of Bezirci Lake nearby the project site, it has been stated that Kaisers occur from time to time in the region. Second Public Consultation For the revision in Project and the fresh water pipeline 2 additional Public Consultation Meetings were held, the first one in Agacoren Municipality, which is cn the way of fresh water pipeline route, the second one in Sultanhani Municipality as the previous one. The records of these 2 meetings are as follows: Agacoren Municipality Announcement The notification of the consultation was announced by announced by loudspeaker at several times along the week before meeting by Agacoren Municipality to the local people. Date of Consultation 24.03.2005 Location Agac6ren Municipality Meeting Hall PAGE 36142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * / ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Particpators * BOTA,S Representatives Ethem Tozlu/Project Manager, Faran Ozer, Gamze Emre, Erde,ir ikizoglu * ENVY Inc. Ay§egCul Korur * Aga,oren Municipality (Phone:0382 331 20 07) Ahmet Aydin/ Acting Major * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Environment (Phone: 0382 2129098) Ahmet Qakmak (Director of Environmental Management and EIA) Mustafa Erba, (Engineer) * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Agriculture (Phone: 0382 213 1021) Halil Ozen (Engineer) Ahmet Ko,an (Engineer) Kemal A.Kahraman (Engineer) * Headman of Gumu,tepeDistrict Menderes Aydin * Headman of Camii Distrct Muammer Ye§iloz * Headman of Yurtsever District Gursel Gokta§ . Headman of Yenimahalle District OUler Beknevi, * Local people (11 persons) Kemal Yusksel, Hamit Gbrgulu, Adem Erba,, ilhami Kaynak, Rustem Gbrgulu, Hikmet Yalman, Bunyamin Yilmaz, Fazli Gokta§, Ya,ar Gorgulu, Muharrem Aslihan, Tahsin Gorgulu Anyone who wants to contact these local people may contact with Headmans (muhtar) through contact with Aga,oren Municipality. Meeting Program/Schedule The Public Consultation Meeting was held at 11:00 a.m. at the A§agoren Municipality Meeting Hall. Ethem Tozlu, Project Manager gave brief information to the attendees. During the presentation, the need for the project, how the EIA Report has been prepared, the project site, potential impacts of the project and the proposed mitigation measures as well as the results were described including the history of the project and the revisions made by BOTA,. The questions raised were answered by BOTA, representatives. Summary Meeting Minutes Question: How long will leaching operations last? Answer: Leaching operation will last approximately 7,5 years, and the pipeline construction will last for 2,5 years. The fresh water pipeline will be given to the DSI after the project completion. PAGE 37/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Question: What will happen incase a drought problem in Hirfanli Dam, especially during summer months? Answer: Water intake location will be decided together with DSI representatives. Therefore no such problem is expected. Sultanhani Municipaliti Announcement The notification of the consultation was announced by loudspeaker at several times along the week before meeting by Sultanhani Municipality to the local people. Date of Consultation 24.03.2005 Location Sultanhani Municipality Meeting Hall Particpators * BOTA, Representatives Ethem Tozlu/Project Manager, Faran Ozer, Gamze Emre, Erdesir ikizoglu * ENVY Inc. Ay,egul Korur * Sultanhani Municipality Seyit Temel/ Major * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Environment (Phone: 0382 2129098) Ahmet Qakmak (Director of Environmental Management and EIA) Mustafa Erba§ (Engineer) * Aksaray Provincial Directorate of Agriculture (Phone: 0382 213 1021) Halil Ozen (Engineer) Ahmet Ko§an (Engineer) * Local people (51 persons) Names of local people attended the meeting are; Veli Kara, ismail Ozturk, Fevzi Kara, Rasim Kara, Seyit Ozturk, Muhittin Akbas, Fahri Solak, Ahmet Boge, Aouzer Solak, Cumali Turgut, Omer Ozuslu, Veli Kara, Ziya Pekmezci, ibrahsm Koruk, Veli Yumusak, Rasim Kara, Murat Solak, Haci A§ir, ismail Aydin, Ahmet Ozuslu, Fevzi Yumu§ak, ismail Dolek, Ahmet Salman, ibrahim Atar, Muharrem Atar, Ahmet Neseli, Haci Mustafa Agir, Mustafa Solak, Ahmet Tosun, Omer Saman, Mehmet Neseli, Omer Solak, Mustafa Tahir Ozturk, Mumtaz Kara, ibrahim Altinsoy, Mustafa Altinsoy, Dervis Ozdemir, Cuma Mutlu, Mehmet Ali, Kazim Kurkcu, Veysel Koyuncu, Veyis Dolek, Mehmet Pekmezci, Omer Akaril, Cumali Sari Meeting Program/Schedule The Public Consultation Meeting was held at 03:00 p.m. at the Sultanhani Municipality Meeting Hall. Ethem Tozlu, Project Manager gave brief information to the attendees. During the presentation, the need for the project, how the EIA Report has been prepared, the project PAGE 38/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM * \-/ ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN site, potential impacts of the project and the proposed mitigation measures as well as the results were described including the history of the project and the revisions made by BOTA,. The questions raised were answered by BOTAS representatives. Summary Meeting Minutes Question: What will be dimensions of the storage facility? Answer: One storage cavem will have a volume of 500,000 m3. (approximately with a depth of 400 m, and with width of 80 m) Question: Will there be any earthquake risk? Answer: Earthquake risk analysis was done within the scope of the project. The project site (Aksaray) is located at one of the least seismic and most stable regions of Anatolia. In addition, the earthquakes of last 100 years were investigated within this study and no such problem is expected. Question: What will happen to the fresh water pipeline after the project completion? Answer: The pipeline will be given to DSI. Question: When the construction of pipeline will start? How many people will work? Answer: It will start on October or November 2005. Approximately 200 people will work during the construction. During the operation phase of the project 50 people will be working. Local people will be preferred. Question: How much area will be fenced and the entrance will be forbidden? Answer: At wellhead locations 20 m x 20 m area will be fenced. The pipelines will pass underground. In this respect, except for the surface facilities and wellheads, no area will be occupied to negatively affect the animal transit or the agricultural activities. PAGE 39142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNEX 1. Water Pollution Control Regulation/Table 21.2 Table 1. Domestic Wastewater Discharge Standards Discharge Limits * 2 hours composite sample 24 hours composite sample BOD5 (mg/L) 50 45 COD (mg/L) 160 110 SPM (mg/L) 60 30 pH 6-9 6-9 BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand SPM: Suspended Particulate Matter Class 2: Pollutant load is 60-600 kg/day as raw BOD 2. Worker Health and Occupational Safety AcVArticle 22 The noise levels, where heavy and dangerous activities are not performed, shall not exceed 80 dBA. At the areas, where the working activities, generating higher noise levels due to the requirements are conducted, the noise levels shall be 95 dBA maximum. However, in such a case, the workers shall be given protective equipments, i.e. special helmets, earphones or earplugs against noise. 3. Noise Control Regulation/Table 2,3&4 Table 2. Maximum Noise Level that workers can subject to Noise Occurrence Period (hr/d) Maximum Noise Level (dBA) 7.5 80 4 90 2 95 1 100 0.5 105 0.25 110 1/8 115 Table 3. Noise Limit Values Region Explanation Leg (dBA) I Settlement area out of the city (far from traffic) 35 - 45 11 City side settlement 40 - 50 City settlement area (100 m distance to traffic flow) 45 - 55 Settlement area out of the city, main roads, workplaces (60 m 50 - 60 PAGE 40142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN l______ distance to traffic flow) Ill The city center settlement area, main roads, work places (20 m 55 - 65 distance to traffic flow) IV Industrial Region or roads on which heavy vehicle and buses are 60 - 70 operated Table 4. Noise Limit Values Lea (dBA) Source Day Night Source____________________ (06.00-22.00) (22.00-06.00) Industrial Noise l Continuous 65 55 Sudden 70 60 Work Site Noise Building construction (continuous) 70 - Road construction (temporary) 75 Beat Noise 100 (Lmax) 4. Decisions of Central Hunting Commission The protection status of species is defined by Article 2 of the Terrestial Hunting Law (dated 5.5.1937 no. 3167) and the pertaining decisions of the Central Hunting Commission are updated each year. According to the 2000-2001 Hunting Season decision of the General Directorate of National Parks and Game-Wildlife, Central Hunting Commission; "The species given permission to hunt in specified periods" in Appendix List I are the species in Appendix III of Bem Convention. According the Bern Convention, hunting of the species listed in Appendix II is prohibited every season. The species, which are allowed to be hunted every season by the Central Hunting Commission, are the ones that are not under protection by the Bern Convention. According to the Bem Convention, the species "Under Definite Protection" are listed in Appendix II while the ones "Under Temporary Protection" is listed in Appendix Ill. The Central Hunting Commission decision was given considering these statements." 5. Bern Convention In the context of Bern Convention, in Article 6, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II, the following will in particular be prohibited for these C species: PAGE 41142 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT EIA ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing; (b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites; (c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention; (d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; (e) the possession of and intemal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article. In Article 7, for the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix Ill measures to be taken shall include: (a) closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation; (b) the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels; (c) the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals. PAGE 42/42 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT E j XbL CHAPTER 1 Page 1/ 22 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES 1.1 Project Description The objective of Tuz Golu (Salt Lake) Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project (UNGSP) is to meet the seasonal fluctuations to be occurred in the future depending on the increase in residential natural gas demand. In that content, it is planned to store natural gas between the salt layers, located at a depth of approximately 1150 m. Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP is proposed to be realized about 17 km south of Sultanhani Municipality of the Central Distrct of Aksaray Province by Petroleum Pipeline Corporation (BOTAS) (see Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2). Proposed project site is located in the south of Tuz Golu and the closest distance between the site and the lake is approximately 40 km. The project of concem will be one of the first investments in Turkey that will be carried out for the natural gas underground storage'. The seismic, drilling, feasibility, design and similar engineering studies related to the topic and environmental impact assessment were executed by a consortium established by Russian, German and Turkish companies; namely, PODZEMGAZPROM Limited (PGP), Pipeline Engineering GmbH (PLE) and ENVY Energy and Environmental Investments Inc. (ENVY), respectively. The Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) carried out the studies three-dimensional seismicity and drilling activities for this consortium. Within the context of the Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP of concern, the underground salt layers, located at the Bezirci Lake locality, approximately 17 km south of the Sultanhani Municipality, will be utilized. In this regard, the excess natural gas, which is revealed especially in the summer months in the country scale, will be withdrawn via a branching from the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of the Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line situated approximately 14 km north of the project site, and will be stored in the caverns, that will be created in salt layers. 1 As per the agreement between BOTAS and TPAO to develop and operate the North Marmara and Degirmenkoy Natural Gas Sites as underground natural gas storage with the investments to be made by TPAO, the North Marmara and Degimmenkoy Sites Underground Gas Storage Project was realized. Pursuant to the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation, which took effect having been published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2002 and numbered 24777, of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Turkey, 'EIA Approved Certiricate"has been obtained. In respect of the project, the drilling activities are continuing as of April 2003. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 Page 2/ 22 ANKARABZO > P i, vAM/I"SA <, sSAuRAY w F-YA 7~~~11 ,t,, SS I- AK4 SA. i,~ \, Ad "E\% Aln Eniern an oslanySrie < -9 -' --Mr -- Fiur 11 Loato of the Prpoe PrjcXienTre Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 3/22 rw~ r.0 LI tA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- !t i i_.rw -.e< 0~~~~~~~~~~~ Figure 1.2 Proposed Project Site and Its Vicinity Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 LAKE SALT BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTATION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION 1 ;jL L L SPAGTE104Nf22 l X[)f On the country scale, in order to meet the increasing gas demand especially in the winter months, stored gas will be withdrawn from these caverns and again will be transmitted to the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of the Eastem Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line for usage. In order to determine the seismic characteristics of the region, seismic studies, which began in November of the year 2000, were carried out within an area of about 80 km'. The proposed project site was chosen within this study area and detailed information concerning its location is presented in Section 2. The salt domes to be used in the project are located approximately 700 m and deeper in the surface and have a thickness of 700 to 1500 m. During the project, the leaching (dissolving of the salt domes) method, which is a commonly used method around the world, will be used for minimum 12,5-15 years, and 10 caverns, each having approximately 500,000 m3 of volume, will be created. There will be approximately 42x1 06 m3 cushion gas in each cavem and the process will be performed with approximately 70x106 m3, over the cushion gas. Thus, approximately 112x106 m3 of gas can be storable in each cavern2. The total cushion gas will be approximately 420x106 m3. The total amount of gas that will be taken from the national network, stored and then retumed to the network is stipulated to be 700x106 im3. Fresh water will be used to leach the underground salt domes and the present groundwater reserves in the region will be utilized for water demand. The brine (solution) arose following the ieaching process, is planned to be discharged to Tuz Golu. In the extent of the project, two cavems will be opened simultaneously and the required time for this process is approximately 30-36 months. In this regard, the time required for the opening of the 10 proposed cavems will be around 150-180 months (12,5-15 years). Within this period, the natural gas storage process will be commenced in the opened caverns. In other words, the construction and operation activities of Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP will be carried out concurrently. The economic lifetime of the similar projects, which are still considered as projects with recent past in the world literature, is estimated as at least 50 years. 2 Since the natural gas will be stored under pressure (through compression), the amount of natural gas will be more than the volume of cavem. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date 14.01.2003 II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LAKE SALT BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTATION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT * SECTION 1 PAGE 5 /22 1.2 Objectives of the Project Activities Within the scope of the proposed Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP, the natural gas transported via Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line will be stored when the national natural gas demand decreases, and it will be transmitted back to the line with the increase in demand, to obtain a balance in national natural gas supply and demand. The main objectives of the project are stated below: . Since the project is the first application of underground storage of natural gas in Turkey, it will constitute an example to future implementations. . The excess natural gas resulting from the low demand dunng summer months could be stored. Thus, when the natural gas shortage arise because of the increase in demand durng winter months, stored gas will be withdrawn from these caverns and will be given back to the national network. As a result, the supply and demand equilibrium of the national natural gas will be ensured. . In case if the project is realized, the natural gas transported from the foreign countries will be stored in order to supply a reserve for the country. _ The national resources used for electrical energy and heating purposes will be stabilized. . Healthy and continuous energy source will be provided for the rapidly increasing number of industrial facilities. 1.3 Electrical Energy Policy of Turkey The main goal of the energy policies in Turkey is defined as "to provide secure, cheap, high-quality, clean energy required for the country in time, in a way as to maintain progress and social development". The main principles of Turkish energy policy are to increase the efficiency in energy generation, to give the priority to the utilization of local resources to the maximum extent, and besides the utilization of the native resources, to draw attention to the usage of cleaner energy resources and to provide diversity in resources. Hydraulic sources and fossil fuels are the main energy resources in Turkey. Lignite among the fossil fuels and natural gas, recently whose demand is increasing continuously, play an important role in the energy supply of the country. Due to irregular precipitation regime in Turkey, in terms of time and place, as well as its variation owing to the meteorological conditions within frequent periods, the hydraulic Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 LAKE SALT BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTATION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION 1 PAGE 6 /22 power plants are risky in terms of energy supply safety. In electricity (power) energy generation within thermal power plants, low quality domestic lignite which is not possible to be used in the industry and heating is consumed. Low thermal value and high ash and sulfur rates of these lignite coals increase the importance of environmental problems arising from the thermal power plants. However, it can be possible to minimize the adverse environmental impacts by using advanced emission control and boiler-burning technologies and taking other necessary measures. The data which have been published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey and which represent the growth, pnmary energy generation and consumption increases of Turkey between 1963-2000 are given in Table 1.13 According to this table, the primary energy consumption is higher than the energy generation. This situation has caused to increase the gap between the energy generation and consumption. In addition, delay in the energy investments in spite of rapid increase in the manufacturing industrial investments in Plan Periods II and IlIl in particular has caused this gap to increase. According to the data published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the domestic primary energy generation has increased from 25.1 Mtep to 27.6 Mtep by 9.8% during 1990 - 20044 (see Table 1.2). The biggest share in this increase is the natural gas generation, which increased 3,3 times, and lignite generation, which increased 1,35 times. The natural gas generation, which was only 0.7% of the total primary energy generation in 1990, increased up to 2.3% of the total generation following the activities in Thrace Region in the recent period. Lignite and coal generation (production) was 14.6 Mtep in 2000, which constitutes 53% of the total production (see Table 1.2 and Figure 1.3). In the listing of the size of primary energy resources generation, petroleum and natural gas take the second place with the share of 12.9%. The remaining part is the share of geothermal and hydraulic energy, biomass and solar energy. The primary energy consumption increased from 52.6 Mtep in 1990 up to the level of 79.6 Mtep in 2000, and hence the consumption increased by 51.3% (please refer to Table 1.2). The annual increasing rate became 3.9% in the consumption in 2000. 3 httpl/www.foreigntrade.gov.tr/ead/ekonomi/sayi%201 l/eut htm 4tep: ton equivalent petroleum; Mtep: million ton equivalent petroleum Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14 01.2003 LAKE SALT BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTATION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION 1 LPLLL _ ~~~~PAGE 7 /22 ° LL5 There is slow-down in the last period in comparison to the high increasing rates in 1995-1996. Table 1.1. Growth, Energy Generation and Consumption Increases in Different Periods Periods Increase in Gross Increase in Increase in National Income Primary Energy Primary Energy M%) Generation (%) Consumption (%) 15 Plan Period (1963- 1967) 6.6 6.9 5.5 2na Plan Period (1968- 1972) 6.3 1.9 7.4 3ra Plan Period (1973 - 1977) 5.2 1.9 7.3 4'rl Plan Period (1979- 1983) 1.7 2.7 3.8 5f Plan Period (1985- 1989) 4.7 4.0 6.5 61n Plan Period (1990- 1994) 3.5 0.9 4.4 7'n Plan Period (1996 - 2000) 3.5 1.3 4.5 81n Plan Period (2001 - 2005)* 6.7 1.2 6.1 Estimation of State Planning Organization (DPT) Reference: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey The petroleum, which has the biggest share of energy consumption with 43.8% in 2000, is followed by natural gas with 17.6% and lignite with 16.1 % (see Table 1.2). The natural gas consumption increased by approximately 3.5 times during 1999-2000 with the impact of acceleration in the construction of natural gas pipelines in recent years. With the increasing number of units of population where the natural gas is served in the future years, the share of natural gas in the total energy consumption is expected to increase. When the sectoral distribution of 76.7 Mtep of primary energy consumed in 1999, it is observed that industrial sector is leading with 35% followed by residential and services sectors with 34% (please refer to Table 1.3 and Figure 1.4). While the energy consumption shares of the residential and service sectors decreased from 38% to 34% during 1990-1999, any change did not occur in the share of agricultural sector, and the biggest change occurred in the cycle sector, which increased from 21% to 25%. The energy consumption for 2000 of the cycle sector including the power plants, oil refineries and natural gas cycle plants is 19.2 Mtep. The most significant share of industry sector in the energy consumption is petroleum with 31%, and the share of natural gas, which was 5% in 1990, reached up to 10.3% in 1999. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES I1jVLP li ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 8/22 Table 1.2. Primary Energy Generation and Consumption (Btep)* Years Petroleum Natural Gas Lignite Coal Other Total Generation Consumption Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Con. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. 1990 3.903 23.901 193 3.110 9.524 9.765 2.080 6.150 9.423 9.706 25.123 52.632 1991 4.674 23.315 185 3.827 9.117 10.572 1.827 6.501 9.335 9.700 25.138 53.915 1992 4.495 24.865 180 4.197 10.299 10.743 1.727 6.243 9.707 10.250 26.408 56.298 1993 4.087 28.412 182 4.630 9.790 9.918 1.722 5.834 10.240 11.051 26.021 59.845 1994 3.871 27.142 182 4.921 10.471 10.331 1.636 5.512 9.899 10.769 26.059 58.675 1995 3.692 29.324 166 6.313 10.735 10.570 1.319 5.905 10.343 11.068 26.255 63.180 1996 3.675 30.939 187 7.189 10.876 12.351 1.382 5.560 10.767 11.999 26.887 68.035 1997 3.630 30.515 230 9.165 11.759 12.280 1.347 8.495 10.721 10.912 27.687 71.367 1998 3.385 30.349 514 9.690 12.792 12.631 1.143 8.921 11.030 12.576 28.864 74.167 1999 3.087 33.166 665 11.740 12.242 12.314 1.030 7.708 10.035 11.775 27.059 76.703 2000 2.925 34.893 631 14.071 12.830 12.830 1.769 8.149 9.438 9.728 27.593 79.671 * Btep: Billion tons equivalent petroleum Source: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 * *. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES eJ_LPLLL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT E CHAPTER 1 PAGE 9 /22 2000 0 17 0 2199 C 0 ' 199Z 1 1998 ¶ 9942=_ 1q9 1994 ----- -' 0 10 2f0 40 57T Du ion Ratio (%) Ppfrniri im nti rol qc * I innlito I flnthb.rz Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Generation and Consumption (%) (Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES eLPLLL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 10/22 Table 1.3. Sectoral Energy Consumption (Thousand Tep) Years I ndustry Residential Trans port Agriculture Other than Final Energy Cycle Total Energy Energy Consumption Sector Consumption 1990 14.543 16.087 8.723 1.956 1.031 42.340 11.377 53.716 1991 15.181 16.646 8.304 1.976 1.203 43.310 11.698 55.009 1992 15.454 17.491 8.545 1.994 1.450 44.935 12.526 57.461 1993 16.333 17.734 10.419 2.450 1.743 48.679 12.386 61.065 1994 15.272 17.163 9.907 2.480 1.349 46.171 13.786 59.957 1995 17.372 18.469 11.066 2.556 1.386 50.849 13.703 64.552 1996 20.050 19.373 11.778 2.714 1.643 55.557 15.212 70.769 1997 21.790 20.672 11.338 2.823 1.788 58.412 16.335 74.747 1998 21.555 20.298 10.760 2.827 2.272 57.712 18.096 75.808 1999 20.894 20.228 13.322 2.923 1.881 59.249 19.262 78.511 Reference: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey 11 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 eX PiL PAGE 11 /22 While the consumption increased by 51.3% dunng 1990-2000, the increase in primary energy consumption remained at 9.8%. Since the increase in consumption became higher than the generation (production), the compensation ratio of generation to consumption decreased from 47.7% to 34% in the last 10 years. The energy import reached up to 52 Mtep through increasing by 1.9 times (see Table 1.4). 7i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 0 0. E 0 * . -, , . P E .1 t tB2, I' E - Years Residential * Agriculture Other than energy * Tansportation Industry * Cycle U Figure 1.4. Sectoral Energy Consumption (%) (Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey) Approximately 61.2% of the total energy import in 2000 is constituted by crude oil and oil products, 26% by natural gas and 12.8% by coal and electricity. Although the electricity energy generation investments reached up to 6-7% of total investments during 1996- 2000, the increase in annual consumption was around 8%. According to the Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, it is estimated that the country electricity demand will continue to increase at a high rate until the saturation in consumption is reached5. However, the economic crisis expenenced in 2001 caused a decrease in the demand for energy as in the case of crisis experenced in 1994. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1jL PIL PAGE 12 /22 Table 1.4. En rgy Generation - Consumption and Import (Thousand tep) Years Generation Consumption Consumption (%) Import 1990 25.123 52.632 47.73 27.509 1991 25.138 53.915 46.63 28.777 1992 26.408 56.298 46.91 29.890 1993 26.021 59.845 43.48 33.824 1994 26.059 58.675 44.41 32.616 1995 26.255 63.180 41.56 36.925 1996 26.887 68.035 39.52 41.148 1997 27.687 71.367 38.80 43.680 1998 28.864 74.167 38.92 45.303 1 1999 27.059 76.703 35.28 49.644 2000 27.593 79.671 34.63 52.078 Reference: Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey 1.4 Energy Generation and Consumption Expectations According to the data of the Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the overall demand for energy, which was 79.7 Mtep in 2000 in the energy projections, is expected to reach up to 129.6 Mtep in 2005, 171.3 Mtep in 2010 and 298.4 Mtep in 2020 with an annual average increase of 6.8% (please refer to Table 1.5). Table 1.5 Energy Generation and Consumption Expectations (Thousand tep) Years Consumption Generation Import Generation I ____ ___ __ I ___ ____ ___ __ ____ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ ___ C onsum ption ( ) 2000 79.671 27.593 52.078 34.6 2005 129.625 34.116 95.509 26.3 2010 171.339 47.329 124.010 27.6 2020 298.448 70.238 228.210 23.5 Reference: Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey It is expected that the overall energy generation, which was 27.6 in 2000, will be 70.2 with an annual increase of 4.8% within the process until 2020. Only 34% of total primary energy demand could be met from local resources in 2000. Due to the increase in demand highly over than the generation, it is estimated that the ratio of generation to consumption will be 27% in 2010 and 23% in 2020. In other words, the share of import in the energy generation will increase further in the near future. It is expected that the total energy import will reach up to 124 Mtep in 2010 and 228 Mtep in 2020. When the distribution of resources in the overall import is examined, it is anticipated that the share of natural gas will reach to 33% in 2020 while the share of petroleum will decrease from 60% to 33%. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 II TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 eLPiLXT * PAGE 13 /22 While the overall energy consumption per capita was 1.259 kg-petroleum equivalent (pe) in 2000, it is expected that this value will be 2.076 kg-pe in 2010 and 3.445 kg-pe in 2020 with an average increase of 5.2% on annual basis5. 1.5 Natural Gas and Recyclable Energy Resources According to the data published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the share of petroleum was 43.8%, lignite and coal was 26.3%, natural gas was 17.6%, hydraulic energy was 33% and recyclable energy resources was 1% in 2000 when the distribution of consumption sources are examined. It is expected that the share of natural gas will be 32% in 2010. Although the shares of natural gas and recyclable energy resources increase, it is anticipated that there will be rapid decrease in the share of petroleum. When the energy demands of the sectors are examined, it is estimated that the industrial sector will have the highest share with 59% and the shares of other sectors will drop while the share of cycle sector will reach up to 27% in 2020. Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants that are being or will be put into operation in the future years will play a significant role in this increase6 1.6 Natural Gas Utilization in Turkey The past of the natural gas utilization in Turkey is prolonged till the year 1976. The natural gas had been regarded as one of the energy sources of Turkey, since in some industrial facilities located at Thrace Region had started to use local natural gas; however, its share in primary energy consumption had been negligible until the year 1987. In 1987, together with the import of the natural gas from the former Soviet Union by BOTA,S, the share of the import natural gas in the energy consumption began to increase rapidly and grew approximately 28 times, reaching up to 14.6 billion m3 from 0.5 billion m3 till the year 2000 (2001 Annual Report, BOTA,S). In parallel to the demands increasing gradually following 1987, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) purchases from Algeria and then Nigeria effective from 1994 commenced. In the 5 However, all these expectations must be revised taking into account the narrowing in economy, which was expenenced in 2001 and reflected to 2002. Our economy retrogressed by 9.4% in 2001. As known, 1.8% of decrease in the demand for energy was observed besides the economy that retrogressed by 6.1% during economic crisis 1994. Furthermore, when the grow rate of 3% stipulated for 2002 is taken as basis, it is likely that the demand for energy will not be 298.4 Mtep, but 279.3 Mtep in 2020 with a correction of 6.4%. dReference: http:/Awww.foreigntrade.gov. tr/ead/ekonomi/sayi%2011/teut.htm) http./Awww. foreigntrade.gov.tr/eadlekonomi/sayi%2011/teut htm Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No. CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 14 /22 mean time, a second natural gas agreement on 8 billion cubic meters was concluded with the Russian Federation. 1.6.1 Natural Gas Transportation, Facilities and Trade Within the framework of the policy to diversify resources, BOTAS undertook the construction and operation of natural gas pipelines which it started. Existing natural gas pipelines and related facilities of BOTAS are as written below: * Russian Federation - Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline * Marmara Eregli Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Importat Terminal * Izmit - Black Sea Eregli Natural Gas Transmission Line * East Anatolia Natural Gas Transmission Line * Karacabey - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line * Samsun - Ankara Natural Gas Transmission Line (the Blue Stream) 1.6.2 Natural Gas Trade According to the Annual Report 2001 of BOTAS, the quantity of natural gas imported within 2001 is approximately 16.368x106 m3. The natural gas utilization is increasing rapidly in our country. The highest share of natural gas utilization within the sectors is the electricity sector (see Figure 1.5). According to the supply-demand projections performed by BOTAS, the demand for natural gas is anticipated to be 55x 109 m3 in 2010 and 82 x 109 m3 in 2020 (BOTAS, 2002). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 15 /22 14000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7 12000 t ff 10000 JR-4 44" X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1993 1994 1995 1998 1997 1948 199 2000 2001 Electricity U Fertilizer Residential * Industry- Figure 1.5. Natural Gas Sales Quantities in Different Years (Million m3) (BOTAS, 2002) 1.6.3 Present Natural Gas and LNG Purchase - Sales Aareements The present natural and LNG purchase-sales agreements are provided in Table 1.6 and represented on the graph in Figure 1.6. Table 1.6 Present Natural Gas and LNG Import-Export Agreements Amount (Plateau) Period Present Agreements (lon (Plaeau) Sign Date (er) (Billion m3/year) (year) Russian Federation (West) 6 February, 1986 25 Algeria (LNG) 4 April, 1988 20 Nigeria (LNG) 1.2 November, 1995 22 Iran 10 August, 1996 25 Russian Federation (Black Sea) 16 December, 1997 25 Russian Federation (West) 8 February, 1998 23 Turkmenistan 16 May, 1999 30 Reference: BOTAS, 2002 1.6.4 Investments According to the Annual Report 2001 of BOTAS, BOTAS continues its activities to increase the capacities of Russian Federation - Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline and construct new transmission and distribution lines in addition to the existing lines already constructed in our country. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 eLPiaR PAGE 16 /22 .~~ ~ p 14002 i~~~~~~~~~~~* 1" jw 2_ 1 Eastern Antoi Naua Ga ManTasison7 Line It is aie totasot th naua ga ht wilb Iucasdfo h resource in th eas incudn Irnt Russian Fedr Algeria Nigeria- Spot TPAO * Iran Figure 1.6. Natural Gas Purchase Quantities in Different Years (Million m3) (BOTAS, 2002) Furthermore, BOTAS is working on a variety of projects to expand the natural gas utilization throughout the country and diversify the natural gas supplies. Information about the investments and projects is as follows: * Eastem Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line: It is aimed to transport the natural gas that will be purchased from the resources in the east including Iran to Turkoy with this project. The line with the capacity of 10 x 109 m3 and approximately 1500 km long comprises of the following sections: Dogu Bayazit-Erzurum, Erzurum- Sivas, Sivas-Kayseri, Kayseri-Ankara, Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir. The overall pipeline became capable of receiving gas as of the end of June 2001. * Samsun - Ankara Natural Gas Transmission Line (the Blue Stream): It is aimed to transport the Russian gas to Turkey via the Black Sea with this project. The line with the capacity of 16 x 109 m3 and approximately 400 km (dual lines) long starts from Samsun and reaches to Ankara via Amasya, Corum and Kirikkale. Thus, natural gas shall be supplied to the provinces of Samsun, Amasya, Corum and Kirikkale on the route. The first gas was supplied at the end of December 2002. Karacabey - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line: It is planned to supply natural gas to the natural gas cycle plants in Manisa, Balikesir and Aliaga Region with the Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 II TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER1 WU LPZ 5 L _ ~~~PAGE 17/122 extension of the existing Natural Gas Transmission Line. The line was commissioned in April 2002. . South Natural Gas Transmission Line: It is aimed to meet the natural gas demand of South and Southeast Anatolian Regions with a branch line from the Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line around Sivas. The line, which is about 565 km long, shall start from Malatya and extend to Mersin via Kahramanmaras, Gaziantep, Osmaniye and Adana. . Konya - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line: A branch line from the East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line shall extend from Konya to Izmir. The line, which is approximately 618 km long, shall start from Konya and extend to Izmir via Burdur, Isparta, Denizli and Nazilli. Branch line shall be constructed for the cities such as Afyon and Antalya. . Eastem Black Sea Region Natural Gas Pipeline: A branch line shall be constructed in Erzincan from the East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line and the natural gas shall be supplied on this route with the extension of line to Gumushane, Bayburt, Hopa, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu and Samsun. The length of the line is approximately 233 km. . West Black Sea Region Natural Gas Pipeline: A branch line from the Black Sea - Eregli shall supply natural gas to the industrial facilities and units of population on the route extending to Bartin via Zonguldak, Devrek and Caycuma. The length of the line is approximately 141 km. . Georgian Border-Erzurum (Horasan) Natural Gas Transmission Line: The line of approximately 225 km long that is planned to transport the Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan natural gases within Turkey shall start from the Georgian border and extend to Erzurum / Horasan. . Caspian Crossing Turkmenistan-Turkey-Europe Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to transport the natural gas generated in the south section of Turkmenistan to Turkey and then to Europe via Turkey with a pipeline crossing the Caspian Sea. * Azerbaijan Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to transport the natural gas generation in Azerbaijan to Turkey via Georgia with this project. * Egypt-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline: This project has been developed to diversify the natural gas supplies. . Iraq-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to develop the natural gas sites in Iraq and transport the natural gas generated to Turkey with a pipeline. * Turkey-Greece Natural Gas Pipeline (Southeast European Gas Ring): Interconnection of Turkey and Greece natural gas systems as well as realization of Southeast European Gas Ring are aimed for the transportation of natural gas supplied from the Caspian Basin, Russia, Middle East, South Mediterranean countries and other intemational resources to the European markets. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 e Lj Ib) PAGE 18 /22 The planned distrbution pipelines are given below and the construction activities of these lines have started: * Bilecik - Kutahya - Usak * Izmir/ Kemalpasa Organized Industrial Zone - Pinarbasi - Torbali - Turgutlu * Izmir - Aliaga - Ataturk Organized Industrial Zone * Kirkkale - Kirsehir - Yozgat - Polatli * Konya/ Eregli - Aksaray - Nigde * Konya - Karaman/ Kazim Karabekir - Konya Organized Industrial Zone * Manisa Organized Industrial Zone - Akhisar - Balikesir - Susurluk * Kayseri - Sivas * Corum - Samsun * Adapazari Earthquake Buildings 1.7 Economic Importance of Project As descnbed under Section 1.6, Turkey has entered into a rapid development process and has achieved to be a large market in the energy sector. It is expected that Turkey will be an energy bridge between the Middle East, Middle Asia and Europe in the near future due to its geographical location. Because of great importance attached to the natural gas projects, the natural gas storage facilities should be increased in Turkey. Thus, the surplus natural gas could be stored and returned to the national grid if needed. In this context, it is important that there is a site where the natural gas can be stored in Turkey. Important changes to the demand for the natural gas for heating of buildings in particular require the natural gas storage throughout Turkey. For example, 70% of the total annual energy consumption is realized in the four-month period between December - March while 90% is realized in the six-month period between November - April in respect of consumption for heating in Istanbul. There is not any demand for gas for heating in the period between June - September. In this case, it is of great importance that the natural gas transported from abroad to Turkey during the period including June - September is stored and returning the natural gas stored to the national grid during the period including November - April when the demand for natural gas increases (Satman, 2000). Typical trend of natural gas supply and demand is represented in Figure 1.7. According to this figure, although the demands for natural gas change on seasonal basis, the natural gas procurement continues at certain extent. In this case, it is possible to store the gas when there is little demand for the natural gas and return the gas to the grid during the period when there is a great deal of demand. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER1 >,Lt-Lv PAGE 19/22 Gas Amount Injection Gas demand Withdrawal ... . Gas supply 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months Figure 1.7. Supply-Demand Trend in Natural Gas 1.8 Social Importance of Project It is planned to realize the proposed Lake Salt Basin UNGSP in Bezirci, Sultanhani Municipality, the Central District of the Province of Aksaray. Incase natural gas demand decreases; natural gas shall be taken from Kaysed - Konya - Seydisehir section of East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line by means of a branch line and stored underground within the scope of the project. When the demand for natural gas increases in the country, the stored gas shall be transferred to the national grid again through the same line. The most socially impacted areas of the project shall be the Province of Aksaray and the Central District as well as the District of Eskil. Total population of the Province of Aksaray in 1997 was 347.163 and rural and urban populations are 178.085 and 169.078 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 20 /22 respectively. These population figures correspond to 51% and 49% of the whole province respectively (SSI, 2002). Population figures for 1997 of the Central District and District of Eskil that are anticipated to be impacted by the proposed project are 200.338 and 25.689 respectively. The rural and urban populations in the Central District are 99.151 and 101.187 respectively and these figures are 6.433 and 19.256 respectively in the District of Eskil. In this context, although the population living in the rural and urban areas in the Central District is very close, a major part of the population in the District of Eskil live in the urban area (SSI (State Statistics Institute), 2002). According to the information gathered during field trips, the public in some villages of the Province of Aksaray earn their lives by working abroad. In this context, it is estimated that direct and indirect opportunities of employment during the project as well as direct and indirect expenditures shall be beneficial with respect to preventing emigration that may occur in the region and supporting the industrial development in the region. Accordingly, the importance of the project covers the positive impacts on the economy (meeting natural gas shortage in the winter, indirect opportunities for jobs etc.) and enhancing the social life (incentive for natural gas utilization etc.). 1.9 Environmental Impact Assessment This report is prepared by ENVY in a manner to fulfill the necessities of the EIA report, which will be presented to the Ministry of Environment concerning the proposed Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project. The extent of the project is determined in respect to a special format given by the Ministry of Environment. The EIA format given by the Ministry is presented in Appendix-A. 1.9.1 EIA Team The EIA report prepared for the proposed Tuz Golu UNGSP, is prepared by EIA team of ENVY, including environmental and mechanical engineers, environment management experts, experts who have specialization in various engineering topics such as ecology, social impacts, soil, air and water pollution, hydrology and meteorology, geology, geotechnics and geophysics. The curriculum vitae of the individuals, who worked in the preparation of the report, are presented in Appendix-B. 1.9.2 Impact Assessment Approach Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 e8 7 PAGE 21 /22 The aim of constituting this EIA report is to define and to evaluate the probable impacts of the proposed project on biophysical and socio-economical environments. For this purpose, the project of concern covers the matters mentioned below: * To define the alternatives of the proposed underground gas storage project, * To determine the baseline characteristics of the environment, which can be affected by the project, * To define the probable impacts of the project on the environment (to determine the present pollution load of Tuz Golu and to evaluate the impact of the brine water (solution) discharge, which can appear due to the proposed project), * To determine the national and intemational control methods, which will be applied to prevent or minimize the potential environmental impacts, * To develop suggestions about the precautions to be taken for the permanent impacts likely to exceed the related national and international standards. The information about the baseline environmental condition of the proposed project site and its impact area is presented by using the data obtained from the detailed literature research and field studies undertaken by the EIA group. Impact assessment studies are realized after the determination the baseline characteristics of the project site and its vicinity. The determination of the areas, which can be affected by the project activities, is carried out by means of the studies conceming the definite design and technical contracts. The probable impacts assessment phase of the proposed project includes the aspects presented below: * Duration Limits: Probable impacts and the duration of these impacts are examined by taking various project phases into consideration like construction, operation and post-operation. * Site Limits: Because that the project site is in the vicinity of Sultanhani Municipality of the Central District of Aksaray Province, it is thought that the most important area, which will be affected by the project, will be Aksaray Province and Sultanhani Municipality. In that context, Aksaray is assessed in terms of socio-economics and baseline condition. In order to study the biophysical impacts, the baseline condition of the project site and its vicinity is discussed in Section 4. * Sources: The probable impacts of the whole project activities on the biophysical sources (air, water, soil etc.) are surveyed. Besides, the social, cultural and economical impacts on the neighboring settlement areas, positive or negative, Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 LP]{L PAGE 22 /22 are also evaluated. During this evaluation, literature, field and laboratory studies are used effectively. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT y ; CHAPTER 2 0 _ Page 1/10 2 SELECTED SITE LOCATION 2.1 Site Selection The proposed site for the Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project (TUGSP) is close to Sultanhani Municipality, which is approximately 40 km west cf Aksaray Province. The site, located approximately 17 km south of the mentioned sub- district, is in the Bezirci Locality (see Figure 2.1). In the content of the project, the natural gas being transported via the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line (see Figure 2.1) will be commenced to be stored in the months (in summer) when the national natural gas demand lowers and with the increase in demand (in winter) it will be transmitted back to the same line and thus the supply-demand equilibrium will be attained nationwide. Three dimensional seismic studies were carried out by TPAO in November 2000 within the site of about 80 km2 determined in the area and considering the obtained results, the locations of ten caverns in which the natural gas will be stored and the surface facilities were determined (see Figure 2.1). Accordingly, in the project, in which 10 caverns are intended to be utilized, the volume of each cavern will be around 500.000 mi3. New cavems can be opened in the recent years together with the changes in the national natural gas policy. Considerng the convenience in operation and the safety factors, the distance between the closest caverns is planned to be between 300 and 500 m. Except for the compressor station, which will be constructed at the top of each cavern and which will cover a limited area, there will be an area for the surface facilities. Because of the safety criteria, it is required to plan this area at least 500 m far from the nearest cavem. In this regard, the distance of the surface facilities planned to be constructed in the scope of TUGSP to the closest cavern will be approximately 700 m and the area of concern will be outside the boundary of the salt layer determined by the seismic studies (see Figure 2.1). The project site and its vicinity are mostly flat (slope %1-3), with an average altitude of 1000 m for the region (see Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3). The site is near Bezirci Lake and this lake is presently dry (see Figure 2.4). Moreover, the wide area extending from west and north parts of Sultanhani to Tuz Golu is a marshland. There are also small settlements in the vicinity of the project site and these areas are used as "plateaus" where the animals are grazed between April and October (see Figure Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ,Xy CHAPTER 2 Page 2/ 11 2.5). The most important ones are Bucak, Tomu, Rasimusagi, Nasuhusagi, Omeraga and Hacihuseyin plateaus. The distance of the project units to these areas are given in the Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Approximate Distance of the Project Units to the Plateaus Units In The Bucak Tomu Rasimusagi Nasuhusagi Omeraga Hacihuseyin Project Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Surface Facilities 4750 m 1750 m 1800 m 1200 m 1100 m 1850 m Closest Cavern 2500 m 1375 m 850 m 200 m 150 m 800 m Except for the settlement areas, agricultural areas are encountered as well within the site. The detailed information regarding the protection sites in the vicinity of the project site is discussed in Section 4.2. For the determination of the project site, site survey studies were carried out at the proposed site by distinct institutions under the supervision of Provincial Directorate of Health/Environment of Aksaray Govemorship on different dates and consequently, it is resolved that the proposed site shown in Figure 2.1 is appropriate. The official letters of the relevant institutions and foundations are presented in Appendix-C. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3d L XL0L! CHAPTER 2 Page 3 /11 * 1rv--- \NS X ° ,01 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.<--- SurfacetFacilities ' \ \ Well area : \\/t0 0~~~ . >> z ~Proposed well area -~ - ' _ ~~~ Boundaries of salt layer- l - t Figure 2.1 TUGSP Project Site and the Location of the Caverns * ~~~~~Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.012003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 Page4 11 A Figure 2.2 Three Dimensional Topographical Map of the Project Site and its Vicinity Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 W Page5 11 1071 fri J*t* - ~~~~~~~ 3-D1~ sesi stdyara oudaie J?l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v 7- Cavern~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~T loatn 140 In 42'~~~~~ Waersupl wl ____________________________________________Lattitude (in) 3-D seismic study area boundaries Surface facilities area Cavern location ..'Proposed natural gas branch line Water supply well Water transmission line Process water discharge line ~ Existina roads Figure 2.3 Two-Dimensional Topographical Map of the Project Site and its Vicinity Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - C i a W CHAPTER 2 Page 6/ 11 Figure 2.4 A View From Bezirci Lake Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 Page 7/11 Figure 2.5 A View of the Settlements in the Vicinity of the Project Site (Bucak Plateau) There are small units of population in the vicinity of the project site and these areas are used as the plateaus where the animals are herded during April - October (please refer to Figure 2.5). The most important ones include Bucak, Tomu, Rasimu§agi, Nasuhusagi, Project- Tuz GoIu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ea|y CHAPTER 2 Page 8/11 Omeraga and Hacihuseyin plateaus and the distance of project units to these areas are given in Table 2.2 Table 2.2. Approximate Distances of Project Units to Plateaus Unit Bucak Tomu Rasimusagi Nasuhusagi Omeraga Hacihuseyin within the Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Project Surface 4.750 m 1.750 m 1.800 m 1.200 m 1i100 m 1.850 m Facilities . Closest 2.500 m 1.375 m 850 m 200 m 150 m 800 m Cavern I I _ There are occasionally agricultural fields besides the settlement areas within the site. Detailed information about the protection areas in the vicinity of the project area is given in Section 4.2. The site investigation surveys were conducted on different dates by a variety of organizations under the presidency of Provincial Health / Environmental Management of the Governorship of Aksaray on the proposed area in order to determine the project site and it was decided that the project site represented in Figure 2.1 was proper consequently. The official letters of the related institutions and organizations concerning this subject are provided in Appendix-C. 2.2 Location of the Activity Units in the Project In the content of TUGSP, except for the compressor station, which will be constructed at the top of the each cavem and which will cover a limited area, there will be an area for the surface facilities. The surface facilities to be constructed will cover an area of around 500 m x 800 m (40 hectare). The layout of the facility is presented in Appendix-C. As to be a model for the layout, a view of the Krummhorn Natural Gas Storage Facility is presented in Figure 2.6. At the area there will be two distinct areas for the leaching process and gas. In this content, structures such as control room, compressor building, filter units, heating and cooling systems, units in which the oil separators are found, pressure reducers, regeneration units, dehydration unit, facility for waste water treatment package, offices, workshop and garages will be found within the area. The construction and operation phases of the proposed TUGSP will be carried out concurrently. While the practice of creating caverns is carried out (construction activity), the practice of storing natural gas in the created caverns will be commenced (operation activity). In the course of the natural gas storage, the natural gas will be compressed by a compressor and transmitted to the underaround caverns. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No. CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2 Page 9 /11 While withdrawing the gas, a portion of natural gas will be left in the cavern (cushion gas) and by decreasing the pressure; the gas will be drawn to the surface. Later on, the gas withdrawn from the store will be transmitted to Kayser-Konya-Seydisehir Natural Gas Pipeline by a branching, in order to be conveyed to the network. Leaching system will comprise of the units listed below: * Six wells (five as main and one as standby) for water supply; * Water pumping station; * Rising main; * Leaching unit; * Blanket fluid unit; and * Brine discharge line. The units related to the surface operation complex are listed below: * Compressor station; * Preparation unit of the gas for transport and injection (separators, consumption measurement, gas heating and drying units, cooling equipment); * Internal gas lines and collectors; * Branching on the gas line and main gas line; * Administrative and production facilities like boiler, dispatcher center, workshop, garage; * Electrical energy system, potable water network, sewer system. The creation of the underground caverns, where the natural gas will be stored, and the operation of these caverns will be realized by the help of the automatic control systems of the mechanical and technological processes and measurement techniques based on modern micro-processes. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT fly y CHAPTER 2 Page 10/11 _. -,_ -- -~~ ~ ~ .4 : , in . .w -eajm a oe r"se w4r-Y, ,ta .o g. . : ~i-Pa Revision, , Date: 14012003 . *r ~ ~ ~ ~ * 'vtxr'rfiom Ga e pXamTe3 'ie Kor,lpFreso~ tsrasyon ndan bir go;rirJu v 1-rhi power plants are risky in terms of energy supply safety. In electricity (power) energy generation within thermal power plants, low quality domestic lignite which is not possible to be used in the industry and heating is consumed. Low thermal value and high ash and sulfur rates of these lignite coals increase the importance of environmental problems arising from the thermal power plants. However, it can be possible to minimize the adverse environmental impacts by using advanced emission control and boiler-burning technologies and taking other necessary measures. The data which have been published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey and which represent the growth, primary energy generation and consumption increases of Turkey between 1963-2000 are given in Table 1.13 According to this table, the primary energy consumption is higher than the energy generation. This situation has caused to increase the gap between the energy generation and consumption. In addition, delay in the energy investments in spite of rapid increase in the manufactunng industrial investments in Plan Periods II and IlIl in particular has caused this gap to increase. According to the data published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the domestic primary energy generation has increased from 25.1 Mtep to 27.6 Mtep by 9.8% during 1990 - 20044 (see Table 1.2). The biggest share in this increase is the natural gas generation, which increased 3,3 times, and lignite generation, which increased 1,35 times. The natural gas generation, which was only 0.7% of the total primary energy generation in 1990, increased up to 2.3% of the total generation following the activities in Thrace Region in the recent period. Lignite and coal generation (production) was 14.6 Mtep in 2000, which constitutes 53% of the total production (see Table 1.2 and Figure 1.3). In the listing of the size of primary energy resources generation, petroleum and natural gas take the second place with the share of 12.9%. The remaining part is the share of geothermal and hydraulic energy, biomass and solar energy. The primary energy consumption increased from 52.6 Mtep in 1990 up to the level of 79.6 Mtep in 2000, and hence the consumption increased by 51.3% (please refer to Table 1.2). The annual increasing rate became 3.9% in the consumption in 2000. 3 httpl/www. foreigntrade.gov.tr/eadlekonomi/sayi%201 1/teut.htm 4tep: ton equivalent petroleum; Mtep: million ton equivalent petroleum Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 LAKE SALT BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTATION SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SECTION 1 ej [PLL _ ~~~~~PAGE 7 /22 -y 10- UL -LL There is slow-down in the last period in comparison to the high increasing rates in 1995-1996. Table 1.1. Growth, Energy Generation and Consumption Increases in Different Periods Periods Increase in Gross Increase in Increase in National Income Primary Energy Primary Energy (%) Generation (%) Consumption (%) 1s' Plan Period (1963 - 1967) 6.6 6.9 5.5 2na Plan Period (1968 - 1972) 6.3 1.9 7.4 3m Plan Period (1973 - 1977) 5.2 1.9 7.3 4tnl Plan Period (1979- 1983) 1.7 2.7 3.8 5tn Plan Period (1985- 1989) 4.7 4.0 6.5 6t5 Plan Period (1990- 1994) 3.5 0.9 4.4 7'n Plan Period (1996 - 2000) 3.5 1.3 4.5 8tn Plan Period (2001 - 2005)* 6.7 1.2 6.1 * Estimation of State Planning Organization (DPT) Reference: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey The petroleum, which has the biggest share of energy consumption with 43.8% in 2000, is followed by natural gas with 17.6% and lignite with 16.1% (see Table 1.2). The natural gas consumption increased by approximately 3.5 times during 1999-2000 with the impact of acceleration in the construction of natural gas pipelines in recent years. With the increasing number of units of population where the natural gas is served in the future years, the share of natural gas in the total energy consumption is expected to increase. When the sectoral distribution of 76.7 Mtep of primary energy consumed in 1999, it is observed that industrial sector is leading with 35% followed by residential and services sectors with 34% (please refer to Table 1.3 and Figure 1.4). While the energy consumption shares of the residential and service sectors decreased from 38% to 34% during 1990-1999, any change did not occur in the share of agricultural sector, and the biggest change occurred in the cycle sector, which increased from 21% to 25%. The energy consumption for 2000 of the cycle sector including the power plants, oil refineries and natural gas cycle plants is 19.2 Mtep. The most significant share of industry sector in the energy consumption is petroleum with 31%, and the share of natural gas, which was 5% in 1990, reached up to 10.3% in 1999. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT l CHAPTER 1 PAGE 8/22 Table 1.2. Primary Energy Generation and Consumption (Btep)* Years Petroleum Natural Gas Lignite Coal Other Total Generation Consumption Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. Gen. Con. Gen. Cons. Gen. Cons. 1990 3.903 23.901 193 3.110 9.524 9.765 2.080 6.150 9.423 9.706 25.123 52.632 1991 4.674 23.315 185 3.827 9.117 10.572 1.827 6.501 9.335 9.700 25.138 53.915 1992 4.495 24.865 180 4.197 10.299 10.743 1.727 6.243 9.707 10.250 26.408 56.298 1993 4.087 28.412 182 4.630 9.790 9.918 1.722 5.834 10.240 11.051 26.021 59.845 1994 3.871 27.142 182 4.921 10.471 10.331 1.636 5.512 9.899 10.769 26.059 58.675 1995 3.692 29.324 166 6.313 10.735 10.570 1.319 5.905 10.343 11.068 26.255 63.180 1996 3.675 30.939 187 7.189 10.876 12.351 1.382 5.560 10.767 11.999 26.887 68.035 1997 3.630 30.515 230 9.165 11.759 12.280 1.347 8.495 10.721 10.912 27.687 71.367 1998 3.385 30.349 514 9.690 12.792 12.631 1.143 8.921 11.030 12.576 28.864 74.167 1999 3.087 33.166 665 11.740 12.242 12.314 1.030 7.708 10.035 11.775 27.059 76.703 2000 2.925 34.893 631 14.071 12.830 12.830 1.769 8.149 9.438 9.728 27.593 79.671 Btep: Billion tons equivalent petroleum Source: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES e PLLL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 91/22 ' O7 -- . _ -..... 0o0 0.¶T E. V r . _= 0 t9 e _ . - |..--. 11- ___ U )ii;-..s! 1 _ _1 441; -7 ---- ° 994 4r -:Z.;i f ;! !|-5 S, 113 122 1999 1 19 9 E2 - e _ - 19 1 1 1 . n n~ . * @ p_,6 1.., - -':,' 0 CD 1993"- Y 199_ ' 1935 - s _ s_- - - 37 0 10~~l 20 30 40 so0G 70 so Ion00 Ratio ( ) Patrnipi im t.Jti irnI (-n I innito nl~ th,-r- Figure 1.3. Primary Energy Generation and Consumption (%) (Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Revision 1 Date: 14901.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES #LPLLL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 10 /22 Table 1.3. Sectoral Energy Consumption (Thousand Tep) Years Industry Residential Transport Agriculture Other than Final Energy Cycle Total Energy Energy Consumption Sector Consumption 1990 14.543 16.087 8.723 1.956 1.031 42.340 11.377 53.716 1991 15.181 16.646 8.304 1.976 1.203 43.310 11.698 55.009 1992 15.454 17.491 8.545 1.994 1.450 44.935 12.526 57.461 1993 16.333 17.734 10.419 2.450 1.743 48.679 12.386 61.065 1994 15.272 17.163 9.907 2.480 1.349 46.171 13.786 59.957 1995 17.372 18.469 11.066 2.556 1.386 50.849 13.703 64.552 1996 20.050 19.373 11.778 2.714 1.643 55.557 15.212 70.769 1997 21.790 20.672 11.338 2.823 1.788 58.412 16.335 74.747 1998 21.555 20.298 10.760 2.827 2.272 57.712 18.096 75.808 1999 20.894 20.228 13.322 2.923 1.881 59.249 19.262 78.511 Reference: Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 JJLPZXWA PAGE 11 /22 While the consumption increased by 51.3% during 1990-2000, the increase in primary energy consumption remained at 9.8%. Since the increase in consumption became higher than the generation (production), the compensation ratio of generation to consumption decreased from 47.7% to 34% in the last 10 years. The energy import reached up to 52 Mtep through increasing by 1.9 times (see Table 1.4). CL E i< 7 '' ' D 0 0. - E Years Residential *Agriculture Other than energy Tansportation Industry * Cycle Figure 1.4. Sectoral Energy Consumption (%) (Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey) Approximately 61.2% of the total energy import in 2000 is constituted by crude oil and oil products, 26% by natural gas and 12.8% by coal and electricity. Although the electricity energy generation investments reached up to 6-7% of total investments during 1996- 2000, the increase in annual consumption was around 8%. According to the Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, it is estimated that the country electricity demand will continue to increase at a high rate until the saturation in consumption is reached5. However, the economic crisis experienced in 2001 caused a decrease in the _ ~~~~~~demand for energy as in the case of crisis experienced in 1994. -~~~~~~~~~~~- . ~~~ ~~Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.- CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 Tansportation Industry U Cycle U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 eLPILN PAGE 12/ 22 Table 1.4. En rgy Generation - Consumption and Import (Thousand tep) Years Generation Consumption Generation /Import 1990 25.123 52.632 47.73 27.509 1991 25.138 53.915 46.63 28.777 1 992 26.408 56.298 46.91 29.890 1993 26.021 59.845 43.48 33.824 1994 26.059 58.675 44.41 32.616 1995 26.255 _ 63.180 41.56 36.925 1996 26.887 68.035 39.52 41.148 1997 27.687 71.367 38.80 43.680 1998 28.864 74.167 38.92 45.303 1999 27.059 76.703 35.28 49.644 2000 27.593 79.671 34.63 52.078 Reference: Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey 1.4 Energy Generation and Consumption Expectations According to the data of the Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the overall demand for energy, which was 79.7 Mtep in 2000 in the energy projections, is expected to reach up to 129.6 Mtep in 2005, 171.3 Mtep in 2010 and 298.4 Mtep in 2020 with an annual average increase of 6.8% (please refer to Table 1.5). Table 1.5 Energy Generation and Consumption Expectations (Thousand tep) Years Consumption Generation Import Generation I Consumption(% 2000 79.671 27.593 52.078 34.6 2005 129.625 34.116 95.509 26.3 2010 171.339 47.329 124.010 27.6 2020 298.448 70.238 228.210 23.5 Reference: Foreign Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey It is expected that the overall energy generation, which was 27.6 in 2000, will be 70.2 with an annual increase of 4.8% within the process until 2020. Only 34% of total primary energy demand could be met from local resources in 2000. Due to the increase in demand highly over than the generation, it is estimated that the ratio of generation to consumption will be 27% in 2010 and 23% in 2020. In other words, the share of import in the energy generation will increase further in the near future. It is expected that the total energy import will reach up to 124 Mtep in 2010 and 228 Mtep in 2020. When the distribution of resources in the overall import is examined, it is anticipated that the share of natural gas will reach to 33% in 2020 while the share of petroleum will decrease from 60% to 33%. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date' 14.01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 e avy t LPIL[ * PAGE 13/22 While the overall energy consumption per capita was 1.259 kg-petroleum equivalent (pe) in 2000, it is expected that this value will be 2.076 kg-pe in 2010 and 3.445 kg-pe in 2020 with an average increase of 5.2% on annual basis5. 1.5 Natural Gas and Recyclable Energy Resources According to the data published by the Foreign Trade Undersecretariat of the Republic of Turkey, the share of petroleum was 43.8%, lignite and coal was 26.3%, natural gas was 17.6%, hydraulic energy was 33% and recyclable energy resources was 1% in 2000 when the distribution of consumption sources are examined. It is expected that the share of natural gas will be 32% in 2010. Although the shares of natural gas and recyclable energy resources increase, it is anticipated that there will be rapid decrease in the share of petroleum. When the energy demands of the sectors are examined, it is estimated that the industrial sector will have the highest share with 59% and the shares of other sectors will drop while the share of cycle sector will reach up to 27% in 2020. Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants that are being or will be put into operation in the future years will play a * significant role in this increase6 1.6 Natural Gas Utilization in Turkey The past of the natural gas utilization in Turkey is prolonged till the year 1976. The natural gas had been regarded as one of the energy sources of Turkey, since in some industrial facilities located at Thrace Region had started to use local natural gas; however, its share in primary energy consumption had been negligible until the year 1987. In 1987, together with the import of the natural gas from the former Soviet Union by BOTA,S, the share of the import natural gas in the energy consumption began to increase rapidly and grew approximately 28 times, reaching up to 14.6 billion m3 from 0.5 billion m3 till the year 2000 (2001 Annual Report, BOTA,). In parallel to the demands increasing gradually following 1987, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) purchases from Algeria and then Nigeria effective from 1994 commenced. In the 5 However, all these expectations must be revised taking into account the narrowing in economy, which was experienced in 2001 and reflected to 2002. Our economy retrogressed by 9.4% in 2001. As known, 1.8% of decrease in the demand for energy was observed besides the economy that retrogressed by 6.1% during economic crisis 1994. Furthermore, when the grow rate of 3% stipulated for 2002 is taken as basis, it is likely that the demand for energy will not be 298.4 Mtep, but 279.3 Mtep in 2020 with a correction of 6.4%. dReference: hffp.//www. foreigntrade. gov. tr/ead/ekonomi/sayi%201 1/teut. htm) http.//www.foreigntrade.gov.tr/ead/ekonomilsayi%2011,4eut.htm Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 14 /22 mean time, a second natural gas agreement on 8 billion cubic meters was concluded with the Russian Federation. 1.6.1 Natural Gas Transportation. Facilities and Trade Within the framework of the policy to diversify resources, BOTAS undertook the construction and operation of natural gas pipelines which it started. Existing natural gas pipelines and related facilities of BOTAS are as written below: * Russian Federation - Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline * Marmara Eregli Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Importat Terminal * Izmit - Black Sea Eregli Natural Gas Transmission Line * East Anatolia Natural Gas Transmission Line * Karacabey - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line * Samsun - Ankara Natural Gas Transmission Line (the Blue Stream) 1.6.2 Natural Gas Trade According to the Annual Report 2001 of BOTAS, the quantity of natural gas imported within 2001 is approximately 16.368x106 m3. The natural gas utilization is increasing rapidly in our country. The highest share of natural gas utilization within the sectors is the electricity sector (see Figure 1.5). According to the supply-demand projections performed by BOTAS, the demand for natural gas is anticipated to be 55x 109 m3 in 2010 and 82 x 109 m3 in 2020 (BOTAS, 2002). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 e Y6fj I[ PAGE 15/22 18000 = i. 120D 19 1994 1 10000 A e Electricity U Fertilizer Residential U IndustryU Figure 1.5. Natural Gas Sales Quantities in Different Years (Million in) (BOTAS, 2002) 1.6.3 Present Natural Gas and LNG Purchase - Sales Agreements The present natural and LNG purchase-sales agreements are provided in Table 1.6 and represented on the graph in Figure 1.6. Table 1.6 Present Natural Gas and LNG Import-Export Agreements 1.6.3Present NatureemAmount (Plateau) Gas and Period P(Billion m31year) (year) Russian Federation (West) 6 February, 1986 25 Algeria (LNG) 4 April, 1988 20 Nigeria (LNG) 1.2 November, 1995 22 Iran 10 August, 1996 25 Russian Federation (Black Sea) 16 December, 1997 25 Russian Federation (West) 8 February, 1998 23 Turkmenistan 16 May, 1999 30 Reference: BOTAS, 2002 1.6.4 Investments According to the Annual Report 2001 of BOTAS, BOTAS continues its activities to increase the capacities of Russian Federation - Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline and construct new transmission and distribution lines in addition to the existing lines already constructed in our country. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 7 XSW PAGE 16 /22 14000 71~~~~~~~ Russian FedU Algeria NigeriaU Spot TPAOE Iran U Figure 1.6. Natural Gas Purchase Quantities in Different Years (Million in) (BOTAS, 2002) Furthermore, BOTAS is working on a variety of projects to expand the natural gas utilization throughout the country and diversify the natural gas supplies. Information about the investments and projects is as follows: * Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line: It is aimed to transport the natural gas that will be purchased from the resources in the east including Iran to Turkey with this project. The line with the c-apacity of 10 x 109 m3 and approximately 1500 km long comprises of the following sections: Dogu Bayazit-Erzurum, Erzurum- Sivas, Sivas-Kayseri, Kayseri-Ankara, Kayseri-Konya--Seydisehir. The overall pipeline became capable of receiving gas as of the end of June 2001. I Samsun - Ankara Natural Gas Transmission Line (the Blue Stream): It is aimed to transport the Russian gas to Turkey via the Black Sea with this project. The line with the capacity of 16 x 109 m3 and approximately 400 km (dual lines) long starts from Samsun and reaches to Ankara via Amasya, Corum and Kirikkale. Thus, natural gas shall be supplied to the provinces of Samnsun, Amasya, Corum and Kirikkale on the route. The first gas was supplied at the end of December 2002. * Karacabey - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line: It is planned to supply natural gas to the natural gas cycle plants in Manisa, Balikesir and Aliaga Region with the Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 1401.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 ejiLP1LR * PAGE 17 /22 extension of the existing Natural Gas Transmission Line. The line was commissioned in Aprl 2002. * South Natural Gas Transmission Line: It is aimed to meet the natural gas demand of South and Southeast Anatolian Regions with a branch line from the Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line around Sivas. The line, which is about 565 km long, shall start from Malatya and extend to Mersin via Kahramanmaras, Gaziantep, Osmaniye and Adana. * Konya - Izmir Natural Gas Transmission Line: A branch line from the East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line shall extend from Konya to Izmir. The line, which is approximately 618 km long, shall start from Konya and extend to Izmir via Burdur, Isparta, Denizli and Nazilli. Branch line shall be constructed for the cities such as Afyon and Antalya. * Eastem Black Sea Region Natural Gas Pipeline: A branch line shall be constructed in Erzincan from the East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line and the natural gas shall be supplied on this route with the extension of line to Gumushane, Bayburt, Hopa, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu and Samsun. The length of the line is approximately 233 km. * West Black Sea Region Natural Gas Pipeline: A branch line from the Black Sea - Eregli shall supply natural gas to the industrial facilities and units of population on the route extending to Bartin via Zonguldak, Devrek and Caycuma. The length of the line is approximately 141 km. * Georgian Border-Erzurum (Horasan) Natural Gas Transmission Line: The line of approximately 225 km long that is planned to transport the Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan natural gases within Turkey shall start from the Georgian border and extend to Erzurum / Horasan. * Caspian Crossing-Turkmenistath-Turkey-Europe Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to transport the natural gas generated in the south section of Turkmenistan to Turkey and then to Europe via Turkey with a pipeline crossing the Caspian Sea. * Azerbaijan Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to transport the natural gas generation in Azerbaijan to Turkey via Georgia with this project. * Egypt-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline: This project has been developed to diversify the natural gas supplies. * Iraq-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline: It is aimed to develop the natural gas sites in Iraq and transport the natural gas generated to Turkey with a pipeline. * Turkey-Greece Natural Gas Pipeline (Southeast European Gas Ring): Interconnection of Turkey and Greece natural gas systems as well as realization of Southeast European Gas Ring are aimed for the transportation of natural gas supplied from the Caspian Basin, Russia, Middle East, South Mediterranean countries and other intemational resources to the European markets. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 e LPXLl PAGE 18 22 The planned distribution pipelines are given below and the construction activities of these lines have started: * Bilecik - Kutahya - Usak * Izmir/ Kemalpasa Organized Industrial Zone - Pinarbasi - Torbali - Turgutlu * Izmir - Aliaga - Ataturk Organized Industrial Zone * Kirikkale - Kirsehir - Yozgat - Polatli * Konya/ Eregli - Aksaray - Nigde * Konya - Karaman/ Kazim Karabekir - Konya Organized Industrial Zone * Manisa Organized Industrial Zone - Akhisar - Balikesir - Susurluk * Kaysed - Sivas * Corum - Samsun * Adapazari Earthquake Buildings 1.7 Economic Importance of Project As described under Section 1.6, Turkey has entered into a rapid development process and has achieved to be a large market in the energy sector. It is expected that Turkey will be an energy bridge between the Middle East, Middle Asia and Europe in the near future due to its geographical location. Because of great importance attached to the natural gas projects, the natural gas storage facilities should be increased in Turkey. Thus, the surplus natural gas could be stored and retumed to the national grid if needed. In this context, it is important that there is a site where the natural gas can be stored in Turkey. Important changes to the demand for the natural gas for heating of buildings in particular require the natural gas storage throughout Turkey. For example, 70% of the total annual energy consumption is realized in the four-month period between December - March while 90% is realized in the six-month period between November - April in respect of consumption for heating in Istanbul. There is not any demand for gas for heating in the period between June - September. In this case, it is of great importance that the natural gas transported from abroad to Turkey during the period including June - September is stored and returning the natural gas stored to the national grid during the period including November - April when the demand for natural gas increases (Satman, 2000). Typical trend of natural gas supply and demand is represented in Figure 1.7. According to this figure, although the demands for natural gas change on seasonal basis, the natural gas procurement continues at certain extent. In this case, it is possible to store the gas when there is little demand for the natural gas and return the gas to the grid during the period when there is a great deal of demand. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 PAGE 19 22 Gas Amount -/ m Injection - Gas demand Withdrawal . . Gas supply 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months Figure 1.7. Supply-Demand Trend in Natural Gas 1.8 Social Importance of Project It is planned to realize the proposed Lake Salt Basin UNGSP in Bezirci, Sultanhani Municipality, the Central District of the Province of Aksaray. Incase natural gas demand decreases; natural gas shall be taken from Kayseri - Konya - Seydisehir section of East Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line by means of a branch line and stored underground within the scope of the project. When the demand for natural gas increases in the country, the stored gas shall be transferred to the national grid again through the same line. The most socially impacted areas of the project shall be the Province of Aksaray and the Central District as well as the District of Eskil. Total population of the Province of Aksaray in 1997 was 347.163 and rural and urban populations are 178.085 and 169.078 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER1 b3A1E PAGE 20 /22 respectively. These population figures correspond to 51% and 49% of the whole province respectively (SSI, 2002). Population figures for 1997 of the Central District and District of Eskil that are anticipated to be impacted by the proposed project are 200.338 and 25.689 respectively. The rural and urban populations in the Central District are 99.151 and 101.187 respectively and these figures are 6.433 and 19.256 respectively in the District of Eskil. In this context, although the population living in the rural and urban areas in the Central District is very close, a major part of the population in the District of Eskil live in the urban area (SSI (State Statistics Institute), 2002). According to the information gathered during field trips, the public in some villages of the Province of Aksaray eam their lives by working abroad. In this context, it is estimated that direct and indirect opportunities of employment during the project as well as direct and indirect expenditures shall be beneficial with respect to preventing emigration that may occur in the region and supporting the industrial development in the region. Accordingly, the importance of the project covers the positive impacts on the economy (meeting natural gas shortage in the winter, indirect opportunities for jobs etc.) and enhancing the social life (incentive for natural gas utilization etc.). 1.9 Environmental Impact Assessment This report is prepared by ENVY in a manner to fulfill the necessities of the EIA report, which will be presented to the Ministry of Environment concerning the proposed Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project. The extent of the project is determined in respect to a special format given by the Ministry of Environment. The EIA format given by the Ministry is presented in Appendix-A. 1.9.1 EIA Team The EIA report prepared for the proposed Tuz Golu UNGSP, is prepared by EIA team of ENVY, including environmental and mechanical engineers, environment management experts, experts who have specialization in various engineering topics such as ecology, social impacts, soil, air and water pollution, hydrology and meteorology, geology, geotechnics and geophysics. The curriculum vitae of the individuals, who worked in the preparation of the report, are presented in Appendix-B. 1.9.2 Impact Assessment Approach Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER1 PAGE 21 /22 The aim of constituting this EIA report is to define and to evaluate the probable impacts of the proposed project on biophysical and socio-economical environments. For this purpose, the project of concern covers the matters mentioned below: * To define the alternatives of the proposed underground gas storage project, * To determine the baseline characteristics of the environment, which can be affected by the project, * To define the probable impacts of the project on the environment (to determine the present pollution load of Tuz Golu and to evaluate the impact of the brine water (solution) discharge, which can appear due to the proposed project), * To determine the national and international control methods, which will be applied to prevent or minimize the potential environmental impacts, * To develop suggestions about the precautions to be taken for the permanent impacts likely to exceed the related national and international standards. The information about the baseline environmental condition of the proposed project site and its impact area is presented by using the data obtained from the detailed literature research and field studies undertaken by the EIA group. Impact assessment studies are realized after the determination the baseline characteristics of the project site and its vicinity. The determination of the areas, which can be affected by the project activities, is carried out by means of the studies concerning the definite design and technical contracts. The probable impacts assessment phase of the proposed project includes the aspects presented below: * Duration Limits: Probable impacts and the duration of these impacts are examined by taking various project phases into consideration like construction, operation and post-operation. * Site Limits: Because that the project site is in the vicinity of Sultanhani Municipality of the Central District of Aksaray Province, it is thought that the most important area, which will be affected by the project, will be Aksaray Province and Sultanhani Municipality. In that context, Aksaray is assessed in terms of socio-economics and baseline condition. In order to study the biophysical impacts, the baseline condition of the project site and its vicinity is discussed in Section 4. * Sources: The probable impacts of the whole project activities on the biophysical sources (air, water, soil etc.) are surveyed. Besides, the social, cultural and economical impacts on the neighboring settlement areas, positive or negative, Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 c X PAGE 22 /22 are also evaluated. During this evaluation, literature, field and laboratory studies are used effectively. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tdtle: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 1 /1 1 3 ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT 3.1 Investment Program and Finance Sources for the Realization of the Project The proposed Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP financing comprises of two different groups including: (i) investment and (ii) operation costs (GEOSTOCK, 2002). The cost stipulated for this project is approximately USD 155.5xl06 for investment and USD 664.9xlO6Iyear for operation. Detailed description of these costs is given under the following titles. 3.1.1. Investment Cost The investment cost comprises of the following items: * Activities to be performed underground, * Activities to be performed within the content of surface facilities, * Activities to be performed during the construction of branch line. Underground Activities The underground activities include opening wells, costs concerning the leaching process and cost of cushion gas. The total financing required for these works is stipulated to be USD 112.5 x 106. The items in this total price and costs of these items are as follows (GEOSTOCK, 2002): Opening Wells :USD 30.5 x 106 Leaching Process :USD 50 x 106 Cushion Gas :USD 42 x 106 TOTAL :USD 122.5 x106 Surface Activities The activities to be performed on the surface include the costs associated with the supply of fresh water necessary for leaching process, erecting the leaching station and discharging the brine to Tuz Golu. It is anticipated that the total financing necessary for these works shall be USD 27x1 06 . The items and costs of these items in the total price are given in the table below (GEOSTOCK, 2002): Water Supply :USD7 x 106 Leaching Station :USD 22 x 106 Brine Discharging :USD 8 x 106 Surface Facilities :USD 70 x 106 Storage of Gas :USD 43 x 1 06 TOTAL :USD 15 x 106 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Naturai Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eIVyXi Page 2 /11 Branch Line The total cost of activities associated with the branch line is USD 16x103, and the work items and estimated costs of these items are given below (GEOSTOCK, 2002): Project Management USD 196 x 103 Engineering / Design USD 196 x 103 Field Survey USD 70 x 103 Consultation Services USD 252 x 103 Insurance : USD 314 x 103 Right of Way USD 420 x 103 Site Preparations : USD 168 x 103 Roads :USD 140 x 103 Pipe : USD 3.990 x 103 Pipe Coating : USD 700 x 103 Valves : USD 75 x 103 Cathodic Protection : USD 11.2 x 103 Advance : USD 14 x 103 Handling : USD 720 x 103 Pipe Laying : USD 7.406 x 103 Mobilization / Demobilization : USD 1.140.9 x 103 TOTAL : USD 15.813.1 x 103 General Assessment As given in the sections above, the total investment cost stipulated for Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP is USD 288.5x106. The distribution of this cost in different years is represented in Figure 3.1. According to this Figure, it is anticipated, with the assumption that the project activities are initiated in 2003, the highest expenditure shall be made within 2006 and the natural gas shall be continued to be stored by opening 10 cavems in 2020 (GEOSTOCK, 2002). 3.1.2 Operation Cost The operation costs comprise of the following items and costs associated with these items: Personnel Expenses : USD 0.6 x 106 Maintenance : USD 0.02 x 106/year/cavem Special Works : USD 0.08 x 106/year Electricity : USD 0.9 x 106/year Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 XLP)LL Page 3 /11 Energy / Gas USD 3.7 x 106/year Chemicals, communication etc. USD 0.2 x 1 05/year When it is considered that the operation continues during 2008-2020, it is stipulated that the annual operational cost during these years shall vary between USD 4.9xlc/year and USD 8.3x1 06/year. Average annual operation cost during these years is calculated to be approximately USD 6.6x106/year (GEOSTOCK, 2002). 3.1.3 Financing Sources The financing source of the proposed Tuz Golu Basin UNGSP has not become certain yet in the present situation. However, since the investment and operation costs of the project are high, it is likely that this project shall be tendered in build-operate-transfer (BOT) model instead of allocating equities for this project. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1D ; ' + /Study i §t * : £ ~~~ Area ,tk,8 b its umtr 12r Gft ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~NtU A'~ Y n t io si - 1YJ,Wl t ea l dm101, l * M Meteorologioal 3tation 0 25 k Figure 4.1 Locations of Aksaray and Karapinar (Konya) Meteorological Stations Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 ePLPLiA Page 4/ 116 4.2.1.3 Temperature Regime The monthly maximum, average and minimum temperature values recorded at Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations are given in Table 4.1 and Table 4.2, respectively. The temperature values recorded between the years 1980-1999 at these stations of concern are presented in Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3, respectively. Table 4.1 Temperature Normals Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (1980-1 999) Months Maximum (°C) Average (>C) Minimum (°C) January 16.2 0.6 -19.3 February 21.6 1.4 -29.0 March 24.6 5.6 -19.0 April 30.5 11.5 -7.5 May 33.8 16.1 -0.2 June 35.8 20.2 3.5 July 37.8 23.5 7.0 August 38.4 23.0 5.9 September 36.5 18.5 1.6 October 32.8 12.9 -5.2 November 25.8 6.5 -14.0 December 20.6 2.6 -14.6 Annual 38.4 11.9 -29.0 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Table 4.2 Temperature Normals Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (1980-1 999) Months Maximum (IC) Average (°C) Minimum (°C) January 19.6 -0.5 -21.6 February 20.3 0.0 -26.8 March 24.2 4.3 -22.8 April 31.4 10.6 -7.8 May 36.0 15.4 -3.1 June 37.3 19.6 3.1 July 40.1 22.7 5.0 August 38.5 22.1 4.5 September 36.0 17.5 -3.3 October 33.2 11.6 -6.2 November 25.3 5.2 -17.7 December 18.5 1.7 -19.4 Annual 40.1 10.9 -26.8 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Project. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 eaE X[LLE Page 5 116 50 40 3~ 0 2 0 - _ _ E X0 E -20 -30 Months + Maximum(°C) Average("C) Minimum (°C)|_ Figure 4.2 Temperature Normals Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (DMI,1980-1999) 50 403° ,,_ - _ _ _ = 300 20 -10 -20 -30 __ ___ Months -4--Maximum ('C) -4-Average ('C) --Minimum (iC) Figure 4.3 Temperature Normals Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (DMI, 1980-1999) Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 e f a [ Page 6 116 As it can be seen from Table 4.1 and Table 4.2, the annual average temperature values recorded at Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations are close (11.90C and 10.90C, respectively). According to the both stations, while temperature values increase between the months January and July, they show a systematic decrease from August to December. The lowest temperature value recorded at both stations is in February and is -29°C and - 26.8°C for Aksaray and Karapinar meteological stations, respectively. The maximum temperature value recorded at the Aksaray station is 38.40C in August and for Karapinar, this value is 40.1°C in July. 4.2.1.4 Precipitation Regime In order to evaluate the precipitation regime of the region, the long-term data (1980- 1999) of Aksaray and Karapinar Meteorological Stations have been utilized. The precipitation normals and evaporation values of the region, recorded at the stations of concern, are presented respectively in Table 4.3 and Table 4.4, and shown in Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5. Table 4.3 Precipitation Normals Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (1980-1 999) Months Average Total Maximum Daily Days with Average Precipitation (mm) Precipitation (mm) Precipitation>0.1 Evaporation(mm) January 35.6 33.0 9.4 February 31.8 20.6 9.7 March 38.7 28.5 10.4 April 49.9 28.5 10.9 105.7 May 46.1 32.1 10.7 165.6 June 25.5 42.5 6.3 217.7 July 10.4 24.0 2.8 279.0 August 6.6 31.5 2.0 270.1 September 6.4 19.9 2.6 189.5 October 27.8 65.8 6.5 101.4 November 35.7 29.4 7.7 22.3 December 45.8 33.6 10.8 Annual 360.3 65.8 89.8 1351.3 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 ji Page 7/ 116 Table 4.4 Precipitation Nornals Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (1980-1999) Months Average Total Maximum Daily Days with Average Precipitation (mm) Precipitation (mm) Precipitation 2 0.1 Evaporation (mm) January 30.7 30.5 9.7 February 23.3 25.0 8.9 March 27.7 17.4 10.3 April 36.9 26.7 9.3 76.0 May 36.2 55.9 10.0 155.4 June 25.0 34.5 5.6 198.4 July 10.1 19.0 2.7 267.4 August 6.5 16.1 1.7 249.2 September 7.2 28.3 2.1 175.0 October 22.5 31.7 5.8 82.7 November 27.1 31.7 8.0 15.3 December 36.9 28.4 10.9 Annual 290.1 55.9 85.0 1219.4 Source: DMI (1980-1999) E 300 E 0 Cr 200 - - ._ - -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o150 IL 50 > 0 1§d :; <4' 9 0 >> & e c° Oc' 0 , CAverage Precipitation (mm) M _Average Evaporation (mm) Months Figure 4.4 Monthly Average Precipitation and Evaporation Values Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (DMI, 1980-1999) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 AX Page 8 116 E E 300 0 2 150 _ _ _ - [ ____ ____ 0 0. o0o - ---i a. 50- | k1 i 0) X~~0Z 50 -N --l 1 11 ,cp OAverage Precipitation (mm) Months LE*Average Evaporation (mm) Figure 4.5 Monthly Average Precipitation and Evaporation Values Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (DMI, 1980-1999) The average total annual precipitation recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station is 360.3 mm, whereas it is recorded as 290.1 mm at Karapinar Meteorological Station. The highest precipitation values are recorded in winter and spring. According to both stations, 31% of the annual total precipitation is recorded in winter. The ratio of precipitation recorded in spring to the annual precipitation is 37.3% for Aksaray and 34.7% for Karapinar meteorological stations. According to the data recorded at both stations between 1980-1999, the highest precipitation is recorded in Aprl, while the lowest is recorded in August. The snow, fog and hail data recorded at Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations between 1980-1999 are presented in Table 4.5 and Table 4.6. According to the data, the number of days with snow annually at both stations are nearly the same and is 59.3 and 62.7, respectively. The highest snow cover value is the same for both stations of concern and is recorded as 41 cm. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 * Page 9/ 116 Table 4.5 Snow, Fog and Hail Data Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (1980-1999) Average Average Highest Snow Months Number of Number of Cover Average Average days with days with Thickness days with Fog days with Hail Snow Snow Cover (cm) January 13 3 10.3 20.0 8.4 February 13.7 8.4 41.0 4.9 0.1 March 11.4 3.8 29.0 3.4 0.6 April 2.3 0.6 16.0 0.8 0.4 May 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.3 June - - - - 0.3 July - - - - August - - - - September - - - 0.3 October 0.3 0.1 5.0 1.6 November 5.3 1.9 17.0 5.4 0.1 December 12.7 8.1 26.0 12.8 0.1 Annual 59.3 33.3 41.0 37.7 1.9 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Table 4.6 Snow, Fog and Hail Data Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (1980-1999) Average Average Highest Snow Months Number of Number of Cover Average Average days with days with Thickness Number of Number of Snow Snow Cover (cm) days with Fog days with Hail January 13.1 9.0 26.0 15.4 0.1 February 16.2 9.1 41.0 9.5 0.6 March 11.7 4.2 30.0 4.4 0.3 April 2.0 0.6 7.0 0.9 1.2 May 0.5 - - 0.1 0.4 June - - - - 0.6 July - - - - August - - - September - - - - October 0.3 0.1 - 1.8 0.2 November 6.0 1.9 14.0 11.3 December 12.9 7.3 26.0 21.8 0.1 Annual 62.7 32.2 41.0 65.2 3.5 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER4 4 Page 10 / 116 4.2.1.5 Wind Direction and Speed The monthly average and strongest wind speeds recorded at Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations are presented in Table 4.7 and Table 4.8, respectively. Additionally, the average wind speeds according to wind directions for Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations are given in Table 4.9 and Table 4.10, respectively. Table 4.7 Monthly Wind Speeds Recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station (1980-1999) Average Average Average Average Strongest Wind Wind Wind Wind Direction of Wind Months Speed Speed Speed Strongest (mis) (m/s) (mis) S(eed Wind S(meed at 07:00 at 14:00 at 21:00 January 2.1 2.8 2.0 2.3 S 24.3 February 2.3 3.3 2.2 2.6 SSW 25.0 March 2.1 3.6 2.4 2.7 SSE 26.3 April 1.9 3.7 2.1 2.6 SSW 31.4 May 1.9 3.4 2.0 2.4 WSW 20.6 June 1.9 3.3 2.2 2.5 SSW 22.3 July 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.1 SW 19.8 August 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 WSW 20.5 September 1.8 3.0 2.1 2.3 WSW 20.0 October 1.7 2.8 1.9 2.1 NW 19.3 November 1.8 2.7 1.8 2.1 WNW 20.6 December 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.2 S 25.5 Annual 2.1 3.1 0.0 2.5 SSW 31.4 Source: DMI (1980-1999) The wind regime of the region was revealed by utilizing the statistics of average wind speed and direction values recorded at Aksaray and Karapinar meteorological stations between 1980-1999. The seasonal long-years (1980-1999) wind roses for these two stations are presented in Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7, respectively. According to the data recorded at Aksaray Meteorological Station, the dominant wind direction is east-northeast (ENE) with 19%. The annual distribution of winds blowing from northeast (NE) and north-northeast (NNE) are 12.8% and 7.9%, respectively. As for the data recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station, the dominant wind direction is north-northeast (NNE) with 20%. The annual distribution of winds blowing from north (N) and northeast (NE) are 12.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 e A e Xi Page 11 /116 Table 4.8 Monthly Wind Speeds Recorded at Karapinar Meteorological Station (1980-1999) Average Average Average AverageStogs Months Wind Wind Wind Wind Direction of Strongest Speed Speed Speed Speed Strongest Speed (mis (/S )mis /S )m(MI) Wind MS at 07:00 at 14:00 at 21:00 (mIs) (m/s) January 2.0 3.1 2.3 2.5 NNW 25.2 February 2.1 3.6 2.5 2.8 S 23.2 March 2.0 3.8 2.6 2.8 SSW 25.2 April 1.9 4.1 2.7 2.9 WSW 22.5 May 1.6 3.6 2.2 2.5 NNW 23.1 June 1.8 3.6 2.4 2.6 W 30.2 July 2.3 3.7 2.9 3.0 NW 21.6 August 1.9 3.4 2.7 2.6 NNW 19.7 September 1.4 3.0 2.2 2.2 WSW 21.6 October 1.3 2.9 1.9 2.1 NNW 21.3 November 1.8 3.2 2.1 2.4 NNW 20.1 December 2.0 3.1 2.3 2.5 SSW 23.2 Annual 1.9 3.4 0.0 2.6 W 30.2 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Table 4.9 Average Wind Speed According to Wind Direction (m/s) (Aksaray Meteorological Station, 1980-1999) Wind Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Direction N 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.3 2.0 1.4 NNE 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.3 NE 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.7 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.4 ENE 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.9 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.3 E 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.4 3.0 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 ESE 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 SE 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 SSE 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.8 S 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.0 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.2 3.4 3.6 SSW 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.4 2.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 SW 2.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.6 WSW 2.0 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 W 1.6 2.4 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 1.8 WNW 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.9 NW 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 NNW 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.4 15 16 Source: DMI (1980-1999) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 7 Page 1 2 /1 16 Table 4.10 Average Wind Speed According to Wind Direction (m/s) (Karapinar Meteorological Station, 1980-1999) cind Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Direction N 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.2 NNE 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 NE 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 ENE 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 E 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 ESE 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 SE 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 SSE 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.3 3.3 3.2 5 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.8 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.8 3.7 4.6 4.6 SSW 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.3 SW 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 WSW 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 W 1.8 1.9 2.3 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 WNW 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.7 NW 2.2 2.9 31 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.3 NNW 3.2 34 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.0 26 22 29 320 Source: DMI (1980-1999) 4.2.2 Geologic Properties 4.2.2.1 Geology of the Region Field surveys were undertaken between 15.09-01.10.2000 by ENVY specialists to cany out geological and geophysical studies of the proposed project site and its vicinity. Within the mentioned studies, the geological formations of the proposed project site and its vicinity were determined. The geological map of the project site and its vicinity is presented in Figure 4.8. The project site and its vicinity located in an area where Pliocene aged sediments are spread (see Figure 4.8). Pliocene aged series are formed of gravel; lentically aligned, cross bedded, loosely-cemented, medium-thin layered sandstone; marl and siltstone, which is partially interlayered with tuffite. The thickness of the unit is c.150 m and is not important by means of groundwater carrying capacity. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 Page 13 /116 ii LU ~LU Lui Fiur 4.6 SesnlLn-er in oe o kaa Mtoooiatto z~~~~~~~ z z V)~~~~~~~~~ LU LU LU L LU L UU U u-i IU- Lu LU LU LLJULLU Revision:~~~~ 1F Dae 4.120 I i -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Figure 4.6 Seasonal Long-Years Wind Roses For Aksaray Meteorological Station (DM1, 1980-1999) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 *LPLL) Page 14/116 I LL LU LnjUi l~~~u w Z , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ ~ I~~ . 5. 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. uu co z va~~ I LU I~~~~~~t LLI uL I LU V.~~~~~~~~~L L LUi LU L LU~~~~~~~~L S t -> $-S>< ! 5.. Figure 4.7 Seasonal Long-Years Wind Roses For Karapinar Meteorological Station (DMI, 1980-1999) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 .. , W .. .~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 '?M , LP _ Page 15/116 , l, - ~~~~~~~~.. .: i..... -X i- I do Al!."-*- ( 1 ~ ~ ~ u A,. -; - -- S ; C., .4 ~ ~ ~ . ^ -Figure 4.8 1:500,000 Scaled Geological Map of the Proposed TUGSP Site and its Vicinity Project- Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 7 X 3 Page 16/116 The geological formations surfaced within the region, where the project site is located, are given below, together with their characterstics, in the order from oldest to youngest (MTA, 1989). The stratigraphical cross-section of the region is presented in Figure 4.9. Cenozoic The geological formations of this period belong to the Tertiary. There exists a sedimentation unconformity before Tertiary. Paleozoic (Mr, Cr, Pcr) The bottom section of Palaeozoic aged formations, which are subjected to metamorphism, are formed of micaschists while top sections are formed of crystalline limestone. These formations are spread in the southwest of Obruk region. There is no sedimentation after the constitution of these formations forming the old basin. There is an unconformity in the stratigraphical sequence until the Upper Cretaceous. Tertiary UDper Cretaceous The typical examples of the formations representing this age can be encountered in the vicinity of Aksaray. The Maastrichtian-Campanian aged units are formed of red wine coloured, loosely-cemented gravelstone, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone, partly containing gypsum and coal layers. The gravelstone found at the base is comprised of gravels of magmatic and metamorphic origin. The unit is overlain by loosely-cemented, well-rounded and indefinitely layered sandstone with cross bedded siltstone interbeds parti-ally. This formation is formed by river sediments deposited in a wide coastal plain impacted by the sea from time to time. The thickness of the formation is about 250 m. Another member of the Upper Cretaceous Period is Maastrchtian-aged, medium-fine sand grain sized, yellowish-grey coloured, medium-thin layered sandstones with Orbitoides and medium-thin layered, grey coloured sandy limestones with Rudist. It is referred as Asmabogazi Formation since the typical example was encountered in Asmabogazi region. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER4 4 aL L L W Page 17/116 i I C K l ____f. __C___________ A i e;_ ' Lt g -sl~ - - Ig 1hTl I t §,;^ I r 3 3 : i | > W > t - 1 e R~~~~~~ r, W".rnq *~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ * *R *. r im .ew: e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- _ar w _w.m,.IL. Tt7 K7f: _: .. _________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ j. -'-Er 36- 4 , , ! I, ! -++ ,nhaot.. NESS I* ' * ., - 7 .[ I t ar; ri,a. __ __ __ __ __ __ ¢~ ~ ~ I I _, * b,: £ .. _ -~i L b . - LI.. - taW T IrtV .LLL L I Figure 4.9 Stratigraphical Cross-section of the Area Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 Page 18/116 Pa/eocene Thanetian-Danian The formations that represent this age are the yellowish-grey, whitish coloured, thick- medium layered, partly unlayered, hard, reddish, brittle surfaced limestones with Alg, that are in complex series in the east contact of Tuz Golu Plain. The base is conformable with Asmabogazi formation with c.30 m thickness. They have been named as Caldag Formation by the geologists working on the formation. Ilerdian-Thanetian The formation, which is in Aksaray complex and is formed by sandy limestone, sandstone and shales, represent this age. The unit consists of material generally derived from ophiolitic material, thin-medium layered, greenish coloured sandstone and laminated shale. The sandstones and shales are interbedded by medium-thin layered, graded, carved-filled structured, hard, sandy limestones with Alg. The formation, which is a product of the reefal environment, is referred as Kirkkavak Formation by geologists. Eocene Lutetian Formations comprising by thick layered, poorly sorted, medium-thin sand grain sized, loosely-cemented, porous structured, yellowish-grey coloured sandstones represent this age. Within the sandstones on the base, there are gravels, which are derived from magmatic and metamorphic rocks. Shallow sea originated sandstones consist continental additives towards the top. At the base of this formation, the limestones of Caldag Formation is found, while Kirkkavak Formation exists on the top of it. It's thickness is c.200 m and named as Boyali Formation by Uygun et.al. (1982). Oligocene The formations of this epoch are named as Mezgit Group. The sequence of Mezgit Group from bottom to top, together with their given names, are as follows: * Karapinar Formation, conglomerate, 100 m thickness; * Bogazdere Formation, anhydrite, gypsum, 90 m thickness; * Tepekoy Formation, sandstone, 80 m thickness; * SerefliKochisar Member, lignite, sandstone, claystone, 40 m thickness; * Sihkuyusu Formation, sandstone with gypsum, laminated claystone, marl, 100 m thickness; * Kiziloz Formation, sandstone, claystone, gravelstone, anhydrte, 50 m thickness. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 LPLX L Page 19 /116 Pliocene (PI) - Miocene Pecenek Formation is the representative for these ages. It is formed by gravelstone, lentically aligned, cross bedded, loosely-cemented, medium-thin layered sandstone, marl and siltstone, which are partially interlayered with tuffite. Pecenek formation is formed by the transformation of the Sereflikochisar-Pecenek Valley to a basin by vertical faulting in Lower Pliocene and by filling of the basin with carried materials of the massive. The approximate thickness of the unit is 150 m. Named as Kavak member (typical example of naming in Urgup Basin), this unit consists of pink-white coloured ignimbrites with pumice fragments and has a thickness of around 10 m. As for the Kisladagi member (typical example of naming in Urgup Basin), it is formed of gastropoda cavc fragmented, thick and indefinitely layered, white-grey coloured, porous, gravelled limestone. This unit has a chalk-like appearance and is about 8 m thick. Quaternary (Q) The units that represent this age are alluvium which are creeps of detritic material that are wide-spread in Tuz Golu Plain. They are cross bedded deposits of gravel, sand, silt and soil. 4.2.2.2 Geology of the Study Area Although explained in detail in the geology of the region section, the geology of the study area is presented below in line with the age order. Pliocene (PI) - Miocene Pecenek Formation is the representative for these ages. It is formed by gravelstone, lentically aligned, cross bedded, loosely-cemented, medium-thin layered sandstone, marl and siltstone, which are partially interlayered with tuffite. Pecenek formation is formed by the transformation of the Sereflikochisar-Pecenek Valley to a basin by vertical faulting in Lower Pliocene and by filling of the basin with carried materials of the massive. The approximate thickness of the unit is 150 m. 0 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 e P b E[ Page 20/ 116 Named as Kavak member (typical example of naming in Urgup Basin), this unit consists of pink-white coloured ignimbrites with pumice fragments and has a thickness of around 10 m. As for the Kisladagi member (typical example of naming in Urgup Basin), it is formed of gastropoda cavc fragmented, thick and indefinitely layered, white-grey coloured, porous, gravelled limestone. This unit has a chalk-like appearance and is about 8 m thick. Quaternary (Q) The units that represent this age are alluvium which are creeps of detritic material that are wide-spread in Tuz Golu Plain. They are cross bedded deposits of gravel, sand, silt and soil. Studies Carried Out In The Project Site In the content of the proposed TUGSP, in order to determine the definite location of the natural gas storage area, three-dimensional seismic studies were carried out in an area of around 80 km2 (see Figure 2.3) between October-November 2000. The obtained results of the studies carried out by TPAO, are evaluated by Schlumberger and ISI firms in Germany (ENVY-PGP-PLE, 2001a). The results of the studies are summarized below with their outlines: * The salt quality in the region is rather good for the storage of the natural gas. * The salt layer extends along north-northwest/south-southeast (NNW/SSE) direction. * The width of the salt layer is around 2-2.5 km and the total length is 15 km within the corners of the study airea. * The area of the salt layer determined in the study area is approximately 36 km2 and this area is wide enogh for 10 caverns, that are planned to be opened. * The salt layer in the region is mapped till around 1,500-2,000 m depth (see Figure 4.10 and Figure 4.11). * It is determined that the salt layer in the region is at around 400-500 m deep in the surface. Above the layer, anhydrite formation having around 70-80 m thickness is found. * In the area, where the caverns will be opened, the thickness of salt layer is approximately 1900 m. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Proiect Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 Page 21 /116 Figure 4.10 Three Dimensional Projection of Salt Layer There are fractures and cracks on macro scale within the formations in association with the salt stratum in the project site. It is possible that such fractures and cracks may cause gas leakage. Therefore, all necessary measures shall be taken against these fractures and cracks. The rock unit where the surface facilities is plannEd to be installed consists of sandstone, pebble, clay and limestone. The formation has a cracked and leached lacuna structure at the levels where there is intense limestone from these types of rocks interconnected to each other laterally and vertically. There may be underground lacunas (spaces) of leaching origin that does not reflect on the surface on the areas with the defined characteristics. When the facilities are installed, it shall be taken into consideration that there may be spaces of carstic origin and that may not be observed on the surface. 4.2.2.3 Seismicity of the Region Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 ,.r ~ f| Xb)[ Page 22 /116 The maps prepared by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement in 1996 were used, to determine the seismicity of Turkey and Aksaray Province (see Figure 4.12 and Figure 4.13). Even though Aksaray is located in a region with no earthquake risk, there are settlements within the boundaries of the province, which have suffered from floods and rock fall. However, the proposed projct site is located in the fifth degree earthquake area (see Figure 4.12). The active fault map of the region is given in Figure 4.14 and Figure 4.15. According to the map, there is a distance of around 53 km between the study area of concern and Tuz Golu Fault Line. 48 earthquakes were recorded between the years 1881 and 1986 in Aksaray Province and its vicinity. Among these earthquakes, the intensity of 13 were 4.3; 12 were 4.6; 14 were 5.0; 4 were 5.3; two were 5.7; one was 6.0; one was 6.4 and one was 6.7. The distribution of these earthquakes and the determined faults in the region are shown in Figure 4.15 (TMMOB, 1990). Additionally, seismicity studies were carried out by ENVY on October 2001. "Seismicity Report (ENVY-PGP-PLE, 2001b)" and "Seismic Hazard Assessment Report (ENVY- PGP-PLE, 2001c)" prepared concerning the topic are given in Appendix -G. In the studies of concern, the active faults in the region were researched and the earthquakes, which were experienced formerly and will take place in the future on the faults of concern, were determined. In line with the information obtained, evaluations regarding the relation between the active faults of the region and earthquake and the largest earthquake expected in the region were realized. In addition, the active faults, on which large earthquakes were observed, were evaluated although they are distant to the region considering the probable earthquakes and their impact on the region. Figure 4.11 Map Showing the Outset of the Salt Layer Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 4 L jS W Page 23/116 w -~~Li 3. .- - *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ or i b i t a{^.o, Rv ^s t Figure 4.12 Earthquake Zone Map of Turkey Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER4 6 Page 24/116 E z a, a) Z -> ,0> 0> 0> 0> > - .0>N t t O DO U a I, s . Y iLe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~u ., ~ ~~~ ~ ~~ . H If Figure 4.13 Earthquake Zone Map of Aksaray Province and the Project Site Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,, . i N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;~~~~~. N -- < ¢ W h ' $8Estbt4T ~P1 Tur Gea ., '-t''VF4 Sn i_..> .rB; ,_1 +. Figure-414ActiveFaultMapofthe Rego n f . V tw;. . ;\r. w-tr. X, r GUa . ^, t .............. .. . >~~~~~~~~~- '-; At- V' A eW r AAj l ?fl... 145h- - D-e d 1- r _ A rPW_ d ..~ ~ ~ ~~~~~A. I ,4A . '~~~~~ ~ ~~~~ . ,; VrF' . i^ . ,,: 4 . whe, Figure 4.14 Active Fault Map of the Region Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Protect Proqect No 12 0123 Egngmeenng and Consultancy Servroces Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON 0033 Reursinon 0 Date 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3 Page 26/ 116 I I*' E2 I) o _I--E) e .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _3B_ li)' ID- 0) E) E) Figure 4.15 Faults Located in the Region and Distribution of the Earthquakes with M>4 Between 1881-1986 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Oocwments and Sett,ngs\ozdenOesktop1CEO\EIA Report\chp4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e .a Page 27/ 116 In the course of the research on the active faults in the region, Active Fault Map of Turkey, aerial photographs and satellite images were utilized. According to the information obtained, required site investigations were realized and the study was completed. In order to determine the seismicity risk of the project site, the probabilistic and deterministic methods were used. With the deterministic approach, two critical earthquakes were determined for the project site. First of all, it is foreseen that an earthquake having a magnitude of 7.5 will take place depending on a reverse fault at a location 50 km far from the project site on Tuz Golu Fault known to be the closest active fault. Secondly, considering the historical facts indicating that intra-plate earthquakes having a magnitude of 6.5 such as 19.4.1938 Kirsehir earthquake can occur in all regions of Turkey, it is decided that the epicentre of an earthquake having a magnitude of 6.5 will be placed 5 km far away to the project site. Consequently, the project site is located at one of the most stable regions in Turkey that has the least seismicity. 4.2.3 Hydroqeoloqical Characteristics of Ground and Thermal Water Resources The information obtained by the field trips (15 September-1 October 2000), which are carried out to determine the hydrogeological characteristics of the project site, are presented in sub-titles below (ENVY, 2000). 4.2.3.1 Formations Bearing Groundwater Certain amount of groundwater can be obtained via private public wells from the Quatemary aged alluvium, gravel and clayey-sand altemating formations in the groundwater basin found in the south of Tuz Golu. The alluvium formations showing shallow unconfined aquifer characteristics are convenient formations for water supply through common and casing wells as they are not too thick. Pliocene limestone, limestone-marl formations bear little amount of water; whereas the important aquifer formations are Neocene limestone. Tuff, granite, andesite and basalt formations pertaining to this era, which carry less amount of water, are encountered within the project site. On the other hand, gre, marl, conglomerate and particularly gypsum formations do not possess aquifer characteristics. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Setnmgs\ozden\Desktop\CEDtEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 7XPL Page 28 /116 There are plenty wells in the vicinity of the project site dilled by State Hydraulic Works (DSI) on the behalf of irrigation cooperatives. In this regard, these wells posses many information regarding the available groundwater in the region. As a result of examining the data gathered from the boring wells, the groundwater table level is at c.30 m depth. However, the level can be even at 50 m depending on the location,especially its altitude. The yield of the wells is generally good; about 30 Us of water can be obtained per well in the site. From these data, it can be concluded that the wells to be drilled have to penetrate the Neocene limestone. Under the control of the Authonty for the Protection of Special Areas of Ministry of Environment, a study concerning Tuz Golu Basin was carried out on the year 2001 (T.R. Ministry of Environment, 2001). A part of the study of concern, also refered as Tuz Golu Integrated Environment Project, is on the subject of the utilization of groundwater in the basin. The hydrology and groundwater in the natural regime of the basin were modelled mathematically and in order to evaluate the impacts of the changes to be observed in the natural regime due to the utilization of groundwater and the water transmission among the basins various simulations were realized. Accordingly, the results obtained are given below: * External Water Access: Even though the changes on the external water access is significant, there will be no permanent impacts on the water level or salinity rate of Tuz Golu. * Water Withdrawal: The changes in the aquifers, groundwater withdrawals to be performed over the secure groundwater reserve of the basin can bring about declines in the base water level of the lake. 4.2.3.2 Common, Casing and Boring Wells Within the Aksaray-Sultanhani-Obruk Region, which is found in the vicinity of the project site, the aquifer formations are generally sandy, gravely, calcareous layers of Neocene and sandy, gravely layers of Quaternary. There exist the research and operation wells drilled by DSI, General Directorate of Rural Services (GDRS), the Bank of Provinces, etc., as well as private public wells. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \ocuments and Sett,ngs%ozden1Desktop\CEDUEIA ReportXchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eePL[E Page 29/116 Research and operation wells drilled by deep-drilling techniques (other than the common and casing wells) provided useful information on the regional aquifer charactenstics. It was understood that the significant aquifer formation is the Neocene aged limestone. Despite the high yield of the wells, due to the characteristics of the site, different chemical parameters are encountered within the water quality at different locations. According to the wells and the hydrogeological studies, the direction of the groundwater flow is from south to north, i.e. towards Tuz Golu. The groundwater is used to irrigate farmlands in the region via pumps. 4.2.3.3 Thermal and Geothermal Water Resources There are no thermal and geothermal water resources in the project site and its vicinity of the proposed TUGSP. However, in Guzelyurt District of Aksaray, Ziga Thermal Spring and Ihlara Waters, and in Central District Hamambogazi Saltwater Thermal Spring are present. The thermal water potential of Aksaray Province is 101 hm3/year. The Ihlara Waters is located approximately 64 km east of the project site. * The General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration had undertaken various studies in Ziga-Belisirma Geothermal Area, located c.75 km east of the project site. According to the results of the studies, the total flow rate of the Ziga hot water (32-51°C) spring is about 4 L/s (MTA, 1996). Results of the analysis carried out by MTA on the samples taken from the spring waters in the Geothermal Area of Aksaray Province are given in Table 4.1 1. Table 4.11 Chemical Composition of Spring Waters in Geothermal Areas of Aksaray Province Parameter Ihiara Spring Aksaray Spring Ziga Thermal Spring Date of Analysis 1986 1986 1983 Temperature (°C) 34.0 31.0 51.0 pH 6.2 6.5 6.8 Electrical Conductivity 4,300.0 6,800.0 Evaporation Residue 590.0 3,280.0 4,270.0 K (mg/L) 20.0 30.0 150.0 Na' (mg/L) 71.0 630.0 1,160.0 NH4 (mg/L) __0.1 1.9 Ca" (mg/L) 48.0 380.0 309.0 Mg (mg/L) 24.0 158.0 49.0 Total As (mg/L) 0.1 1.8 Total B (mg/L) 5.4 32.0 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngskozden0Desktop\CED\EIA Reponilchp 4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 30/116 Li (mg/L) __0.5 6.8 SiO2 (mg/L) 88.0 3.0 47.0 C02 (dissolved, mg/L) _ ____ HC03- (mg/L) 336.0 1,452.0 1,244.0 C03= (mg/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 S04 (mg/L) 18.0 309.0 65.0 Cl (mg/L) 65.0 1,120.0 1,900.0 I- (mg/L) 0.5 F (mg/L) 0.1 0.9 NO2- (mg/L) __0.1 0.0 NO3- (mg/L) _ _1.0 0.0 Source: MTA, 1996 4.2.4 Hydroloqic and Ecologic Characteristics There are no surface water resources within the proposed project site and its vicinity. However, the important surface waters in Aksaray Province are given under the following sub-headings. 4.2.4.1 Rivers Even though there are no surface water resources in the vicinity of the proposed project site, in order to evaluate the environmental baseline of the region, the information about the surface water resources in the vicinity of the study area are given under the following sub-headings. Melendiz River Melendiz River, one of the most important water resources of the region, is located c.62.5 km east of the project site (see Figure 4.16). The altitude of the creek is about 1060 m. According to the observations carried out between 1945-1958, the highest flow rate was measured as 11.28 m3/s (in 1957) and the lowest instant flow was measured as 1160 m3/s (in 1955). The average flow rate of the river is 4658 m3/s (EIE, 2000). Pecenekozu Creek Pecenekozu Creek, located approximately 58 km northeast of the project site, discharges its waters to Tuz Golu (see Figure 4.16). The altitude of the creek is approximately 958 m. During 33 years of observation carried out till 1996, the highest instant flow was measured in 1967 as 77.0 m3/s; whereas the lowest instant flow was Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Ttle- Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \DoV,ments and Sett,ngs\ozdenADesktop\CED\E1A Report\c1p_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3L| X LR Page 31 /116 recorded in 1964. However, the creek has completely dned up. The average flow of the creek in these 33 years were 1760 m3/s (EIE, 1999). 4.2.4.2 Lakes The nearest lake to the proposed project site is Bezirci Lake, which is located c.8 km northwest of the site, and it is completely dry (see Figure 2.4). The other important lake is Tuz Golu, which is located c.40 km north of the proposed project site. Tuz Golu is of importance, as the solution formed in the content of the project will be discharged to this lake. Except for these lakes, even though there are no lakes in the project site and its vicinity, in order to evaluate the environmental baseline of the region, the information about the lakes in the region are given under the following sub-titles. Bezirci Lake Bezirci Lake, which is c.8 km northwest of the project site and c.2.5 km east of Gunesli Village (see Figure 2.4 and Figure 4.16), is located c.1 km north of Bezirci high plateau. The lake covers an area of around 1 km2 and the water level of the lake is the same with the groundwater level. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C kDocunents and Settmgsozdenlesktop\CEDEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eavy Page 32/ 116 AKSARAY I - , I' t i ^.: ,i," ~~~~~~~i ' < '' '--: ' ' T- l lpl-.t)#4 :;lI D'.e E. l>1 v,-n W-w Tu i dCIC H .1 - - - uk Srfth 8ftA%% Cab,m AU.. IIi,, .' I., A f w*o fl.,, 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 Jbt ,. . M3 u .. -* 6>- I 4fs $ ~ 5 3t ~ ^ f +. . 1 Figue 4.7 Sol Sampling Loaton Document T~~fle Enionmntl Imat Asesmn Reor Douet No ~\ .:z CON-0033.~ Revison: Dae 14.401..2003I i^t.f_*Si , \ c t ., -sett , d Fiur 4.2 Soi Sapln Locations Reviion 0 Date 14.012003, c \Dcaens and' Se.:ngsozeDedocOFI erfhpdc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eLPi L) Page 58/116 Table 4.23 Total Nitrogen Analyses in Soil Samples Sample No. Total Nitrogen (°) 1 0.550 2 0.190 3 0.160 4 0.170 5 0.130 6 0.150 7 0.039 8 0.067 9 0.072 10 0.050 11 0.130 12 0.250 13 0.170 14 0.160 15 0.120 Productivity Analysis The results obtained from the total nitrogen analyses of soil samples are presented in Table 4.24. Additionally, the report of the Directorate of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of the GDRS is given in Appendix-I. Table 4.24 Productivity Analyses of Soil Samples Saturation Total pH of soil Nutritional Substances Organic Sample with water salt saturated Lime Useful for Plants (kgldekar) substance No. N(°) (%) with water (CaCO3%) Phosphorus Potassium (%) (P205) (K20) 1 73 C 0.390 7.86 31.9 90.6 143 6.08 2 65 CL 2.450 8.15 65.2 12.5 21 1.95 3 51 CL 0.107 7.47 48.9 11.4 127 1.79 4 57 CL 0.045 7.58 42.2 13.7 266 1.95 5 62 CL 0.335 7.69 48.9 2.2 51 1.46 6 50 L 0.041 7.68 27.4 7.62 232 1.94 7 44 L 0.035 8.34 28.2 3.23 19 0.33 8 44 L 0.055 7.42 43.3 3.23 105 1.26 9 67 CL 0.400 7.31 70.0 2.71 290 0.65 10 36 L TRACE 7.74 45.6 10.2 113 1.13 11 41 L 0.073 7.46 34.1 12.5 133 1.39 12 60 CL 0.054 7.68 41.5 25.8 337 2.72 13 52 CL 0.035 7.78 50.4 15.2 156 1.79 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngsMozden1Desktop\CEDMEIA Report\cp.p_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 59/ 116 14 45 L 0.048 7.70 46.7 - 25.5 241 1.79 15 70CL 0.181 7.52 58.5 21.4 96 1.78 4.2.9 Aaricultural Areas According to the results of the agricultural operations (household) performed in the Census 1991 on Agrculture, the total agricultural land cultivated in Turkey is 214.494.821 thousand M2. 4.623.901 thousand m2 (2%) of this amount is within the province of Aksaray (see Table 4.25). Other than the agricultural land cultivated in this region, there is the land of 301.077 thousand m2, which is not cultivated though suitable for agriculture (SIS, 2002). As seen in Table 4.25, major part of the total land in the Province of Aksaray is the cultivated area (91%), which is followed by the land that is not cultivated though suitable for agriculture with the percentage of 6% and permanent meadow and pasture with 2% and land not suitable for agriculture with 2%. (SIS,2002) Table 4.25 Land Utilization Type in the Province of Aksaray Means of Utilization Area (decare) Distribution (%) Cultivated land 4.623.901 91 Land not used though suitable for agriculture 301.077 6 Permanent Pasture and Meadow 103.816 2 Land not suitable for agriculture 81.655 2 Grove and forest 56 _ TOTAL 5.110.505 100 Reference: SSI, 2002. Sizes of Agricultural Enterprises According the results of survey on agricultural enterprises (households) conducted in the Agricultural Census in 1991, the sizes and numbers of agricultural lines are given in Table 4.26 (SSI, 2002). According to this data, majority of the families in the province belong to the agricultural households that may be assumed to be small scale varying between 20-49 thousand m2. The number of medium and large scale (2 100 thousand mi2) agricultural households has the rate of 26.7%, which is higher than the average rate of 15.0% applicable for Turkey. Table 4.26 Sizes and Numbers of Enterprises in Aksaray Province Enterprise Size (decare) Number of Enterprises (%) Area (°) < 5 1.3 0.0 5-9 37 0.3 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Doc nents and Sett,ngsozdenNDesktop\CEDXEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e (LbLS Page 60 /116 10-19 12.0 1.9 20-49 30.8 12.1 50- 99 25.5 20.8 100- 199 17.0 26.4 200- 499 9.0 30.7 500- 999 0.7 5.8 1.000- 2.499 0.0 0.1 2.500- 4.999 0.0 0.1 > 5.000 0.0 1. 8 Reference: SIS, 2002. Irrigated and Dry Agricultural Areas According the results of survey on agricultural enterprises (households) conducted in the Agricultural Census in 1991, the sizes of irrgated and dry lands in the Province of Aksaray are given in Table 4.27. According to this data, approximately 7% of the total cultivated land is irrigated. This value is rather lower than the average rate of 14% in Turkey (SIS, 2002). Table 4.27 Irrigated and Dry Agricultural Fields in the Province of Aksaray (103 m2) Land Cultivated Total Land Land Irrigated Land Not Irrigated Field 2.700.592 250.559 2.450.033 Vegetable and Flower Gardens 19.312 18.549 763 Fruits and other Ion lived flora 73.509 65.411 8.098 TOTAL 4.623.901 334.519 4.289.382 Source: SIS, 2002. The annual agricultural crop patterns of the Province of Aksaray, the Middle Anatolian Region and the overall country are given in Table 4.28. According to the data of 1998, the productivity values of the field crops and fruits grown in the province are provided in Table 4.29 and Table 4.30 respectively. According to these tables, the productivity values of cereals, industrial plants and round plants cultivated in the Province of Aksaray are higher than the national values (SSI, 2002). Major part of the cereals, which constitute the most important part of the production in the Province of Aksaray is processed in Soil Yields Office (TMO) and the sugar beet, which is another important crop, are sold to Konya and Kayseri sugar factories. The sunflower produced as hors d'oeuvres is sold to the merchants and the vegetables and fruits produced are sold in the surrounding provinces. The sugar beet has got a significant role among the industrial plants. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 14.01 2003 C XDoc,umenis and Sett,ngs\ozden%DesktopXCED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 - LXLLLR Page 61 /116 Sultanhani has got a flat and wide land, 3/5 of which is used as the agricultural land. One fourth of the land allocated for agriculture is wetlands. Sugar beets and cereals are cultivated on the wetlands while bariey, rye and wheat are cultivated on the add land (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). Agricultural Lands in the Project Site and Its Vicinity According to the soil surveys conducted by the authorities of Konya 11th District Management of Rural Services within the 3-D seismic survey area and in the vicinity, the project site and its vicinity are dry agricultural land and there are units of population (plateaus) around it. The productivity in the lands where the cultivation is made depending upon the rain is medium and low depending upon the soil depth. According to the information from the field surveys, the main agricultural crops in the region include wheat, barley and rye. Table 4.28 Crop Patterns Crop Province of Aksaray Turkey Production (ton) Value (Million TL) Production (ton) Value (Million ~~~~~~TL) Cereals 529.516 23.704.356 33.060.972 1.572.084.532 Leguminosae 18.126 2.421.996 1.559.360 228.867.554 Industrial Plants 1.723.479 28.869.997 23.485.669 972.102.601 Fatty Seeds 4.894 902.331 2.391.105 169.529.954 Round Plants 165.104 12.067.233 7.720.000 597.676.831 TOTAL 2.441.119 67.965.913 68.257.106 3.540.261.472 Reference: SIS 2002. Table 4.29 Productivity rates of Agricultural Crops Crop Province of Aksaray Turkey Cultivated Production Productivity Cultivated Production [Productivity Land (ton) (ton Land (ton) I (ton! (hectare) hectare) (hectare) hectare) Cereals 210.227 529.516 3 14.074.700 33.060.972 2 Leguminosae 21.905 18.126 1 1.657.770 1.559.360 1 Industrial Plants 31.238 1.723.479 55 1.660.190 23.485,669 14 Fatty Seeds 3.269 4.894 2 713.190 2.391.105 3 Round Plants 6.590 165.104 25 321.600 7.720.000 24 Reference: SIS 2002. Table 4.30 Fruit Productivity Rates of Aksaray Province Crop Province of Aksaray _ Turkey Number Production Productivity Number of Production Productivity of Trees (ton) (kg / tree) Trees (ton) (kg/ tree) Soft Seeds 477.864 15.115 32 - 55.549.300 2.921.500 53 Stone Seeds 188.307 4.666 25 147.585.000 3.109.600 21 Hard Shells 19.015 844 44 346.366.000 826.000 2 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C kDocwments and Sett,ngskozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Rrport\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 AVY t PX LLA Page 62/ 116 ! Grapy Fruits F 5.070 1 51.782 10.213 16.603.400 4.153.870 250 Reference: SSI, 2002. Source: Aksaray Economical and Social Indicators, SIS. 1999. 4.2.10 Protected Areas Various areas are under protection by the current laws of Turkey, due to their ecological, historical, natural etc. importance. According to field and literature surveys, the protected areas within the proposed project site and its vicinity are explained under the following sub titles. Malir (Marul) Hoyuk (Tumulus) Malir Hoyuk, which is located at approximately 7 km north of the project site, is at the distance of approximately 100 m in the east - west and north - south direction and has the height of 40 m (see Figure 4.28). The photo of the said tumulus is given in Figure 4.29. There are the settlements of B.C. 2000, Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman and Seljuk Eras. Pots and pans, glass pots and bracelet pieces are still encountered near the Tumulus. The said Tumulus was registered pursuant to the Resolution dated 24.06.1988 / numbered 217 of Konya Board of Protecting the Cultural and Natural Assets. In addition, it was resolved that the same areas would be the Grade I and III Archeological Sites and Resolution dated 05.11.1999 / numbered 658 of the High Board of Protecting the Cultural and Natural Assets would be applicable for these areas (please refer to Appendix-C). The said resolution no. 658 is associated with the "Archeological Sites, Protection and Utilization Conditions", and the related details are presented in the following subtitles. Grade I Archeological Site This means the sites that shall duly be protected other than the scientific studies for protection. Any construction shall not be allowed in these areas and they shall be referred as the sites that shall duly be protected in the settlement plans and any excavation other than the scientific excavations shall not be made, however; a. The subject shall be considered by the Protection Board upon the approval of the museum management and chief of excavation with respect to the compulsory infrastructural applications by official and private bodies. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C Docurnents and Sett,ngskozden\Desktop\CEO\EIA Report\cthp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 63/116 b. New agricultural lands shall not be opened, only limited seasonal agncultural activities shall continue, and greenhouse applications shall continue if approved by the protection boards. c. The agricultural activities including the soil cultivation shall absolutely be prohibited in the mounds and tumulus, the afforestation shall not be carried out, but only the crops shall be taken from the present trees. d. Stones, soils, sands etc. shall not be taken; lime, stone, brick, marble, sand, mineral pits etc. shall not be opened; soil, sludge, rubbish, industnal waste and similar materials shall not be disposed. e. Trip way arrangement in the ruins, square arrangement, outdoor car park, WC, ticket office, watchman hut etc. may only be constructed within these areas upon permission from the protection board. f. Only the burials shall be made in the public graveyards that are located within these areas and still used. g. Unification and separation may be made with prior permission from the board of protection in a way not to impact the content of the immovable cultural assets. Grade III Archeological Site This means the archeological areas where new arrangements may be allowed according to the protection - utilization decisions. In these areas, a. The construction conditions in the transitional period shall be determined. In the mean time, . Density of the proposed structure should not exceed the density determined with the present settlement plan. * The functions in the area must be compatible. * Necessary infrastructural applications must be made. * Importance must be attached to the proposed structural patterns. * The construction technique and material must be taken care of. * Solutions must be found for protecting and evaluating the present and possible archeological assets. b. The settlement plans respecting protection must be developed by protecting the archeological assets in the sections opened to the settlement pursuant to the approved environmental arrangement and arrangement plans. c. At places where the Protection Purpose Settlement Plans are developed before this resolution is taken, applicability of the requirements of the plan must be accepted. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 0 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C koocuments and Selttngs\ozdenkDesk1op\CED\E1A Repornchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 tI 7 t PX LLR Page 64 1116 d. The drilling must be performed by the related museum authorities before the construction permit is given by the municipality and governorship in these areas, and the drilling results must be submitted to board of protection by the museum management together with opinions of the chief of excavation in this field if any, and the application must be initiated following the decision of the board of protection. e. The boards of protection in the archeological sites determined as Grade IIl archeological sites may take the general drilling resolutions concerning the areas to be drilled. f. Unification and separation may be made with prior permission from the board of protection in a way not to impact the content of the immovable cultural assets. g. Stones, soils, sands etc. shall not be taken; lime, stone, brick, marble, sand, mineral pits etc. shall not be opened; soil, sludge, rubbish, industrial waste and similar materials shall not be disposed. h. Wind power plants may be constructed in these areas if approved by the board of protection provided that the same contributes to the energy generation of the country and is for the public benefit. i. The resolution in force shall be applicable for the aqueous products production and breeding facilities in the protection areas. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01 2003 C \Doc,ymenIs and Sornngs\ozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 65 /116 Ii ,;*4 - r ~ ~ ~ ~ - / -,-,, t' %r - s~~~~~~, ..4 .- ' .... -- - o .4-... . A - .' L . _ _ _ ! - _ o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'..4,- F .- . ' F . 9 +- i ,~~1 .-* _ ___e\ti,,. I i u .t *- --___ J s941 t - |{ * A ~ h X X z X tw;ss.l - . rA ; t 1 } ~~~~~b' - tt 1-- h S Figure 4.28 Protection Areas i t-he Region Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Proect Project No.: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C lOocuments adSaiftngsiozden4Desktop%oEo\E1A Reportkchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 t Page 66 /116 Figure 4.29 Malir (Marul) Hoyuk (Tumulus) Kral (Ba gdat) YoIu (King's Road) Kral Yolu, which is located c.7 km north of the project site (see Figure 1.2), advances parallel to the village roads to Malir Figure 4.30) The stone floored road has a width of 3- 5 m. It is believed that Kral Yolu belongs to the Middle Age. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C ODocuments and Setings~ozdenkDesktop\CED\EIA Reparflchp_4 dcc II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e v LLL Page 67 /116 Figure 4.30 Kral (Bagdat) YoIu (King's Road) Kullutepe (Flat Settlement) The dimensions of this flat settlement located c.7 km north of the project site and northwest of the Malir Hoyuk is 500 m in east-west direction and 100 m in the north- south direction. The height of the hillside settlement is 5 m and remains belonging to the Seljuk are evident. Lake Bezirci Lake Bezirci, which is located at approximately 2.5 km northwest of the project site and called as Lake Gunesli, was proclaimed as the Grade I Natural Protection Site pursuant to the Resolution dated 01 .07.1992 I numbered 1368 of Konya Board of Protecting the Cultural and Natural Assets. The Resolution dated 05.11.1999 / numbered 659 of the Senior Board of Protecting the Cultural and Natural Assets is related to the "Natural Protection Sites, Protection and Utilization Conditions". Detailed information about the Grade I Natural Protection Sites is given under the following subtitles. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Downmnts and SetnsodnDeko~Ek1 ReportAchp_4 cl TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 68/ 116 Grade I Natural Protection Site This means the sites that shall be duly protected except for the scientific studies for protection, which has universal value in respect of conservation, and which must be conserved owing to interesting characteristics and beauties and as they are found rare. Any action shall not be performed in these areas to corrupt the vegetation, topography and landscape and cause destruction. However; a. Although there is absolute prohibition against construction, the technical infrastructural services (sewerage, open car park, cable transmission, cable railway, potable water, power transmission line, communication line and etc.) that are compulsory to be rendered by the official and private bodies may be provided in a manner approved by the board of protection. b. Public recreation facilities (restaurants, kiosks, cafeterias, dressing cabins, WC, trip paths, open car parks etc.) upon permission from the related board of protection according the project developed in compliance with the Environmental Arrangement Plan of 1/25.000 scale and General Settlement Plan of 1/5000 scale as well as the structures for protecting and enhancing the activities arising from the characteristics of the site and its vicinity may be constructed. c. It may be allowed for afforestation by the board of protection according to an approved opinion from the related unit of the General Directorate of Forests without changing the vegetation of the site. d. Chopping the trees may be permitted by the board of protection (conservation) according to the technical report issued by'the related unit of the General Directorate of Forests in order maintain the trees overturned due to snow and wind as well as the trees that may be affected, got sick due to natural disasters or the trees without any economic value and the forests and conserve the ecological balance. e. The necessary protection measures against fire in the forests may be obtained by the relevant bodies. f. Stones, soils, sands etc. shall not be taken; lime, stone, brick, marble, sand, mineral pits etc. shall not be opened; soil, sludge, rubbish, industrial waste and similar materials shall not be disposed, but the site may be rehabilitated and the works may be terminated within the legally prescribed period in the case of enterprises that obtains license pnor to the resolution of proclaiming the conservation site. g. The activities arising from the nature of the site may be continued with prior permission of the board of protection according to the opinions of the public agencies and organizations in order to ensure sustainability of the ecological balance. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngsMozden1Desktop\CED\E1A Reportchp_4.doc I TT TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3 6eLLLX W Page 69 /116 h. All informatory warning boards shall be placed and the protection measures within these sites shall be taken by the relevant authorities and local governments in order to protect this site. i. The repair and maintenance of the present registered and unregistered may be performed according to the relevant resolutions in force. Tuz Golu (Salt Lake) Tuz Golu Special Protection Area, whose nearest border is c.9 km north of the project site (see Figure 1.2), has been a Natural Site Area since 1992 and was proclaimed as Special Environmental Protection Area by the 14.09.2000 dated decision of the Cabinet. The Special Protection Area boundaries of the lake is presented in Figure 4.31. Project: Tuz Goiu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \DocumenIs and Sott,ngskozden%Desktop%CED\EIA Report\c*p_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eat f i 0)LP Page 70/ 116 TUZ GOLU SPECIAL EWRONMENT PROTECTION AREA BORDER ~~~~~~* V. Prouasin U n N -a G: 1202 !4 -> I s Figure 4.31 Boundaries of Tuz Golu Special Protection Area Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and SettingsozdenlDesktopkCEMEIA Report6chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 71 116 Esmekaya Reed Bed Esmekaya Reed Bed, located c.17 km northwest of the study area is among the important bird areas of Turkey (see Figure 4.32) The Esmekaya Reed Bed (4,500 ha) which was proclaimed as Natural Site Area in 1992 was given the status of Wild Life Reserve in 1994. SF A , ekkaws. *m * * ~ ae Fa)t^J 1,k -~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~A - P I rFt S 5 Wr'4ft OMVJ 'N "1~11~mctl At ,'i 6vurOw Figure 432 E y R d B Eorsoayn~~~~ Lil. .- Figure 4.32 Esmekaya Reed Bed Protection Area Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Docum ents and Sett,ngs%ozdenlDesktopICED\EIA Reporfthp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eAVPaLW Page 72/ 116 Figure 4.28 Protection Areas in the Vicinity of Project Site Sultanhani Caravanserai The nearest historical building to the project site is the caravanserai in Sultanhani Village and is located c.15 km north to the mentioned site. The caravanserai was built in 1229 by Alaaddin Keykubat the First. The photographs of the this caravanserai is presented in Figure 4.33. Since the province is rather rich in historical and natural assets, some places in Aksaray have been proclaimed as Natural Site Area by the Protection Committee for the Cultural and Natural Assets. The Acemkoy Archaeological Site Area has been proclaimed 1st and 3rd degree archaeological site area in 1978. Remains of Asur Trade Colonies dating back to 3000 BC are present. Guzelyurt Village was proclaimed as urban and natural site area in 1988. There are 115 officially registered buildings in the urban site area. Ihlara Valley has been declared 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree archaeological, urban and natural site area in 1991. Apart these, there are 39 officially registered buildings within the boundaries of the Central District of Aksaray. The most important tourism centres of Aksaray are lhlara-Guzelyurt Tourism Centre and Hasan Mountain Winter Sports Tourism Centre. On November 21, 2000 within the lhlara-Guzelyurt Tourism Centre, an area including Ihlara Village, Yaprakhisar, Selime and Belisirma settlements was declared as Ihlara (Cappadocia) Special Environmental Protection Area. Information about the ruins within Aksaray Province are given below: Asikli Hovuk: The tumulus is settled close to a water body in Kizilkaya Village, 25 km southeast of Aksaray Province, facing Melendiz River on one side and fields convenient for agriculture on the other. The tumulus is c.35 km east of the project site. Ancient Nora City: Ancient Nora City is within the boundaries of Helvadere Village of Central District. There are ancient city remains of Roman and Byzantine Period in the slopes of Hasan Mountain (Argaios) and on the Kral Yolu (King's Road). The ancient city is c.55 km east of the project site. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 2003 C \Documents and Set0ngsiozden%Desktop1CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 e3'ja: W Page 73/116 I-~ ~~,v4; !- - -to ~~~~~~~~~~ Figure 4.33 Sultanhani Caravanserai Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 0 ~ ~~~~~~~~~Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Fgocments and SeStings1ozdnnXDasktop1CEDE1A ReporCrvnp4 dca TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 e3!7 ( LSLbLR Page 74/ 116 Acemhovuk: It is located 13 km northwest of Aksaray, in Yesilova Village. The tumulus is oval-shaped with dimensions of 700 x 600 m. It is one of the largest tumuli in Anatolia, together with Asagisehir. The archaeological studies have revealed that the tumulus has been settled since 3000 BC and that its most luminous era was in 1800 BC during the Asur Trade Colonies Age. During the Colony Age, Asagisehir was also another place for settlement. It was the centre of one of the most important kingdoms in Anatolia. At the end of this age, both Asagisehir and the tumulus was abandoned. However, in the early Hellenistic and Roman periods, some parts of the tumulus were resettled again. The tumulus was totally deserted in the beginning of the third century AC. Three groups of nomads coming from the city of Hoy in Iran Azerbaijan in 1517 were settled in the feet of the tumulus and founded Today's Yesilova. The two palace structures brought out to the open, belonging to the Colony age in which the city had its most luminous period, has great importance not only for Acemhoyuk but for the Anatolian architectural history. The palace in the south of the tumulus is named as Sarikaya, while the one in northwest is called Hatipler Palace. The tumulus is c.20 km north of the project site. Manastir Vallev: The valley is 50 km east of Aksaray within the boundaries of Guzelyurt District, which is a natural beauty site, and has a length of 4-5 km. With 28 rock carved churches and underground cities, which represent the characteristics of the era, it resembles Ihlara. Sivisli Church, Buyuk Kilise Mosque, Papaz Evi, Kalburlu Church and Komurlu Church, which are located along the valley, are important cultural and natural assets. The valley is c.70 km east of the project site. Ihlara Valley: The valley is located to the northeast of Hasan Mountain, in Ihlara Village of Aksaray Province. Melendiz River, whose former name was "Peristremma", has formed a canyon with a depth of 100-200 m after crossing through the Ihlara Valley of 14 m long, heads toward Selimiye Village in the northwest and then Yaprakhisar, Belisirma Villages and the wide valley, which the Ziga Thermal Spring is located and finally to Tuz Golu. Rather than being a settlement area, Ihlara Valley has a great importance a religious centre. The Valley describes the religious comprehension of the era with its architecture. Partly with fresco, single and couple closed naves or open Grecian cross planned and chapel shaped churches carved into rocks are located in the left and right of the steep sides of the valley where they unite with the waters of Melendiz River. Because of its natural structure, the valley has been used for seclusion and worshipping by the monks and priests ever since the IX. Century, and as a hiding and protection place during the war period. The churches in the valley have frescos which reflect events like the Birth of Jesus, Good Tidings, Visit, Escape to Egypt and the Last Meal. The Valley is c.49 km east of the project site. (http://www.kultur.gov.tr) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \ocunments and Settmngsozden0DesktoptCEO\EIA Reporft7hp4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 MENXLLA Page 75/ 116 4.2.11 Forest Areas As a result of literature studies and field surveys conducted within the scope of EIA studies, it has been revealed that there is not any forest or forestry area within and in the vicinity of the project site. When the ecological characteristics of the project site and its vicinity are taken into consideration in the general sense, it can be said that the forest development is not possible. In addition, the Village of Bezirci is within the scope of Law No. 6831 on Forest pursuant to the Letter dated 20.11.2001 / numbered 05.KD.1/537 of Aksaray Chief of Operation, Konya Forestry Management, General Directorate of Forestry of the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Turkey (please refer to Appendix-C). The forestry area that is the closest area to the project site is Esentepe Afforestration Area, which is located at approximately 65 km northeast of the project site. 4.2.12 Flora and Fauna 4.2.12.1 Vegetation Types in the Study Area and its Vicinity The project site and its vicinity is Grade IlIl dry agricultural land to a great extent. The steppe vegetation is dominant in the sections not suitable for agriculture in the land. Furthermore, the road bank and border vegetation is discussed in this section due to its special importance. The aqueous vegetation is discussed in Section 4.2.8. The vegetation map related to the project site and its vicinity is presented in Appendix-C. Agricultural Areas The agricultural lands in the project site and its vicinity are generally used for the production of cereals. The main crops include barley, wheat and rye. The sugar beet is grown at the sections that can be irrigated. Furthermore, the local people grow the fruits and vegetables in order to meet their own needs, but these crops do not have any economic importance. The dominant flora species observed in the agricultural lands include Cynodon dactylon, Carlina corymbulosa, Amaranthus albus, Sonchus asper, Erodium cicutarium, Rumex crispus, Cichorium, intybus, Portulacca oleracea, Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Raphanus raphanistrum, Chenopodium album, Heliotropium suaveolens, Hirschfeldia incana, Sinapis arvensis, Eruca sativa, Polygonum cognatum, P. Lapathifolium, P. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and SettungskozdenkDesktop\CEDOEIA Reportchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eIXY Page 76 /116 Aviculare, Hypericum triquetrifolium, Papaver rhoeas, Fumara parviflora, F. Asepala, Hypeceum imberbe, H. Pendulum, Consolida orientalis and Geranium collium. These species have a common ecosystem. Steppe Vegetation This vegetation is seen within the entire Central Anatolian Plateau. Even though there are differences between dominant and characteristic species according to bedrock, soil characteristics and anthropogenic effects, this difference is not clear in appearance. This vegetation mostly consists of meadows and short bushes with an average height of 30 cm. The dominant types of steppe vegetation mostly encountered over calcareous rocks like marl and shallow steppe soil with A-C horizon are Astragalus microcephalus, Acantholimon acerosum ssp. acerosum, Tree-leafed greenweed (Genista sessilifolia), Stipa lessingiana, Thymus sipyeus, Wallis fescue (Festuca valesiaca), Squarrose knapweed (Centaurea virgata), Noaea mucronota, Artemisia santolina,Salvia cryptantha The species with high frequencies that join the composition are listed below: Helianthemum salicifolium, Alyssum sibiricum, Alyssum sthgosum, Alyssum desortorum, Ziizphora tenuior, Bromus sguarosus, Bhza humilis, Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Cousinia iconica, Eryngium bithynicum, Bromus tomentellus, Scabiosa argentea, Sisymbrium loeselii, Teuchum pollum, Xeranthemum annuum, Sangusorba minor, Astragalus vuinehae, Stipa holosericea, Ononis adenotricha, Bambyciaena erecta, Phleum bertelonii, Minuartia anatolica var. arachnoidea, Phlomis pungens, Bolanthus miniartioides, Fumana aciphyila, Achillea setacea, Astragalus Iydkis, Leontodon crispus var. crispus, Carduus nutans ssp. nutans, Centaurea kotschy var. persica, Stachys annua ssp. annua, Lactuca serriola, Marrubium pan/iflorum, Rhamnus thymifolius. Ruderal and Boundary Vegetation The term boundary vegetation is used for the vegetation at the boundaries of agricultural areas. On the other hand, ruderal and boundary vegetation includes vegetation along the road side. The boundary vegetation is not important in the region and the ruderal vegetation is at very low levels. Thus, these ecosystems are not appropriate for the fauna types that can not tolerate human intervention including chemicals. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision. 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngs\ozden\Desktop1CEDkEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3 fj X LL| V Page 77/116 The species that are encountered during the field survey are Yellow star-thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), London-rocket (Erysimum irio), Mountain dog-daisy (Anthemis cretica), Carlina corymbulosa, Saffron thistle (Carthamus lanatus), Glaucous star thistle (Carthamus glaucus), Spiny cocklebur (Xanthium spinosum), Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Wild fennel (Nigella arvensis), Pnckly lettuce, Hordeum murium, Prickly lettuce, Tatarian sea kale (Crambe tataria), Jerusalem-oak (Chenopodium botrys), White pigweed, Chicory, Curly Dock, Buchan weed, Charlock mustard and Wild carrot (Daucus carota). 4.2.12.2 Flora The plant species in the project site and its vicinity are determined by field studies and literature research, and general information about the dominant flora species is given in this section. The informations in this section are based on the field surveys realized within the last 10 years (minimum) and the last field study-was carried out between 22- 23 April 2001 for the verification of these infomations. The flora species found in the project site and its vicinity are researched by the field surveys and these studies are combined with the literature studies (Davis, 1965-1988). Seedless Plants A detailed and comprehensive information on seedless plants of the project site are presented in Appendix-K. Especially the lichen species that are indicators of air pollution are listed in this chapter. The most important seedless plants in the project site and its vicinity are lichens and mosses. In this context, Grimnia trichophila and Tortula pulvinata are the mostly encountered species in the region. Lichens, which are recognized as the indicators of air pollution, are Crustose lichen (Buellia punctata), Caloplaca boulyi, Gray-rimmed firedot lichen (Caloplaca cerina), Caloplaca holocarpa, Firedot lichen (Caloplaca saxicola), Goldspeck lichen (Candelariella coralliza), Candelafiella reflexa, Common goldspeck lichen (Candelariella vitellina), Catinaria atropurpurea, Golden moonglow lichen (Dimelaena oreina), Cartilage lichen (Ramalina polymorpha var. capitata), Lecanora hageni, Stonewall rim-lichen (Lecanora muralis), Squamanna cartiwginea, Xanthoria candeleria, Maritime sunburst lichen (Xanthoria panetina), Rhizoplaca peltata, Map lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum), Rhizocarpon nparum, Parmelia pokoryni, Parmelia pulla, Parmelia taractica, Parmelia tiliacea, Panmelia tinctina, Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Physcia stellsris, Physconia enteroxantha and Physconia muscigena. These species are widely spread in Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngskozdenkDesktop\CED\E1A Reporftchp_4.doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 7j X ) Page 78 / 116 the area and are not endangered. Thus, these species can be used as bio-indicators in long term. 4.2.12.3 Fauna The fauna species within the proposed project site and its vicinity are determined by field studies and literature research, and informations in this section are based on the field surveys realized within the last 10 years (minimum) and the last field study was carried out between 22-23 April 2001 for verification. Additionally, the observations of the inhabitants in the region were used. Amphibians Amphibians are animals that can live both in water and on land. Five amphibian species were found within the project site and its vicinity, which are listed in Appendix-L. Reptiles 20 reptile species have been encountered within the project site and its vicinity. Among these, three are turtle, six are lizard and 11 are snake species. There are also endangered species according to the international conventions within the study area. However, since all other turtle, lizard and snake species are abundant in Turkey in general, there is no extinction risk for these species. According to the field and literature surveys, two endemic reptile species (Lacerta trilineata ssp. galatiensis and Ophisops elegans ssp. centranatoliae) can survive within the study area. Birds There are 115 bird species that are observed and estimated to habit within the project site and its vicinity. The mentioned bird species are given in Appendix-K, together with their risk categories according to Kiziroglu (1993). Mammals There are 15 mammal species in the project site. The mostly encountered species are hedgehog, rabbit, wolf and badger. Since the study area is mostly composed of arable fields, these species are rather few in number. The mammals living in the area are listed in Appendix-K. Most of the vertebrates in this list are under protection by national and/or Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Settjngstozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 F PLLa Page 79/116 intemational laws and conventions (i.e., Bem Convention) due their temporary or permanent risk status. 4.2.12.4 Flora and Fauna Species that are Under Protection by National Legislation and Intemational Conventions Flora Species The most important convention related to the subject is the BERN Convention and CITES. The appendices of CITES and BERN Convention signed by Turkey are legal and the species listed in these conventions are under protection in Turkey. Any of the flora species determined in the project site and its vicinity (at approximately 2 km vicinity of the project site) are not included in the BERN Convention and CITES, but some of them are endemic and rare (that must be taken care of) flora species as per the national legislation. In the event that the species that must be protected are found out as per the convention during the construction and operation activities, the seeds of these species shall be taken and these species shall be moved to the similar habitats or protected ex-situ in botanic gardens and greenhouses under the control of universities. If the species included in these conventions are found out "in the vicinity" of the project area, these species shall in no way be collected, chopped and taken off their roots. In general, the Middle Anatolian Territory is one of the most critical areas of Turkey in respect of endemic species. Totally 85 endemic and/or rare species have been found in the region as a consequence of studies. According to these studies, the ratio of endemic species within the site to the endemic species in the whole region is 18%. This figure is lower than 30%, which is the average value for Turkey. This can be explained with the fact that the project site and its vicinity is the agricultural land. In this context, the physical environment in the site has not remained stable, but subjected to modifications. In addition, the region does not have the characteristics of important flora area except for Lake Salt. The endemic species are given in Table 4.31 in IUCN (1994) risk categories and in Appendix-K according to the EIA format. There are five endemic species under low risk (LR(lc)) according to the Red Data Book of Turkey Flora in the project area and its vicinity (Thymus sipyleus var. sipyleus, Eryngium bithynicum, Minuartia anatolica var. arachnoidea, Astrgalus lydius and Rhammus thymifolius). The densities of these endemics under low risk and that are widespread are low according to other areas. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \DoUrments and SeltmgsXozden\Desktop%CED1E1A Reportkcp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e 7a )j L LLL Page 80/116 Table 4.31 Endemic Flora Species Species Common Name Probability IUCN Risk of Impact Category ANGIOSPERMAE FLOWERING PLANTS MAGNOLIOPSIDA DICOTYLEDONS Acenthaceae Maple Family Acanthus hirsutus Hairy bears breeches Low LR-Ic Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Carrot Family Bup/eunum heldreichii* Low LR-Ic B. sulphureum Low LR-Ic B.turcicum* Low LR-Ic Eryngiuum bithynicumn Low LR-lc Feru/ago pauciradiata Low LR-lc Asteraceae (Compositae) Thistle Family Achillea aleppica ssp. zederbauen Low LR-Ic Centaurea bommuelleri Low LR-ic C. kotschyi var. kotschyi Low LR-lc Crepis macropus Low LR-Ic Junnea pontica Low LR-Ic Scorzonera enophora Low LR-Ic S. tomentosa Low LR-lc Taraxacum fannosum Low LR-lc Tnpleurosperrnum callosum Low LR-lc Boraginaceae Borage Family Moltkia aurea Low LR-Ic Myosotis sicula Jersey forget-me-not Low LR-lc Nonea macrosperrna Low LR-lc Onosma amr7enum Low LR-lc 0. isauncum Low LR-Ic 0. tauncum var. brevifolium Golden flowered onosma Low LR-lc Paracaryum ancyritanum Low LR-lc P. calycinum Low LR-Ic P. racemosum var. racemosum Low LR-Ic Brassicaceae Mustard Family Alyssum pateri Low LR-Ic Lepidium caespitosum Low LR-Ic Campanulaceae Bellflower Family Asyneuma limonifolium ssp. Southe rampion Soutem rapionLow LR-lc pestalozzae Campanula argaea Low LR-lc C. lyrata ssp. lyrata Bellflower Low LR-lc Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Bolanthus minuartioides Low LR-lc Gypsophila arrostii var. nebulosa Arrost's babysbreath Low LR-Ic Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Doc.ments and Sett,ngskozdenkDesktop\CED\EIA Repord\hp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eIV f PLLLR Page 81 /116 G. eriocalyx Low LR-Ic Minuartia anatolica var. arachnoidea Anatolian sandwort Loyw LR-Ic Saponana prostrata ssp. prostrata Low LR-ic F. paphlagonica Low LR-Ic Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot Family Kalidiopsis wagenitzii High VU Cyathobazis fruticosa High VU Salsola stenoptera High VU S. anatolica High VU S. prostrata ssp. anatolica High VU Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) St. John's-wort Family Hypericum aviculariifolium ssp. Low LR-Ic depilatum var. Depilatum Convolvulaceae Morning-glory Family Convolvulus assyricus Low LR-Ic C. galaticus Low LR-Ic Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family Euphorbia anacampseros var. Low LR-lc anacampseros Fabaceae Pulse Family Astraga/us baibutensis Low LR-Ic A. condensatus Low LR-Ic A. eriophyllus Low LR-Ic A. brachypterus Low LR-lc A. lycius Low LR-Ic A. lydius Low LR-Ic A. melanophrunrius Low LR-Ic A. podperae Low LR-Ic A. pisidicus Low LR-Ic A. tmoleus var. bounacanthus Low LR-Ic A. vulnerariae Low LR-Ic A. wiedemannianus Low LR-Ic A. xylobasis var. angustus Low LR-Ic Ebenus hirsuta Low LR-Ic Hedysanjm cappadocicum Low LR-Ic Melilotus bicolor Low LR-Ic Onobrychis arn7ena Low LR-Ic 0. toumefortii Low LR-Ic Tnfolium pannonicum ssp. elongatum Hungarian dover Low LR-Ic Hypericaceae St. John's-wort Family Hypericum salsogineum* Low LR-Ic Illecebraceae Paronychia chionaea Low LR-Ic Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Mint Family Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and SetngskozdankDesktop%CED%E1A Reporfthp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 *s (V Page 82/ 116 Ballota nigra ssp. anatolica Black horehound Low LR-lc Phlomis armeniaca Low LR-ic Salvia cadmica Low LR-Ic S. cryptantha - Low LR-lc S. cyanescens Low LR-lc S. hypargeia Low LR-lc S. wiedemannii Low LR-lc Stachys cretica ssp. anatolica Mediterranean woundwort Low LR-Ic Thymus sipyleus ssp. sipyleus Low LR-ic Linaceae Flax Family Linum flavum ssp. scabrtnerve Golden flax Low LR-lc L. hirsutum ssp. anatolicum var. anatolicum Hairy flax Low LR-ic L. hirsutum ssp. anatolicum var. Hairy flax Low LR-lc pseudoanatolicum Papaveraceae Poppy Family Glaucium grandiflonjm var. grandiflorum Low LR-Ic Plumbaginaceae Leadwort Family Limonium iconicum * Low LR-Ic Limonium anatolicum* Low LR-lc Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family Delphinium venulosum Low LR-lc Ranunculus reutenanus Low LR-lc Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family Rhamnus thymifolius Low LR-Ic Rosaceae Rose Family Crataegus tanacetifolia Tansy-leaved hawthorn Low LR-Ic Rubiaceae Madder Family Aspenula bommuellen High VU Cnucianella disticha Low LR-Ic Rutaceae Rue Family Haplophyltum myrtifolium _ Low LR-Ic Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Linana corifolia Low LR-lc L. iconia Low LR-Ic Veronica multifida Low LR-lc Verbascum ancyritanum Low LR-Ic V. cheiranthifolium var. asperulum Low LR-Ic V. vulcanicum var. vulcanicum Low LR-Ic Solanaceae Potato Family Lycium anatolicum Low LR-Ic lridaceae Iris Family _ G. halophilus Low LR-lc Liliaceae Lily Family ._.. _ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 2003 C \Oocuments and SettngskozdenesektopkCEDkE1A Reportlchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3et jXb)[ C Page 83/ 116 Allium phrygium I - Low LR-Ic A. scabriflorum Low LR-ic LR : 'Lower Risk" A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated, does not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included in the Lower Risk catagory can be seperated into three subcatagories. Ic : "Least Concem" Taxa that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent or Near Threatened (One of the subcatagories of LR) VU : 'Vulnerable" A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. Fauna Species All amphibia and reptilia living in the region are under protection as per BERN Convention. The turtle, snake and lizard species included in the project site and environmental fauna and under protection in our country according to the Resolution of Central Hunting Commission in 2002-2003 Hunting Period by the General Directorate of National Parks and Hunting-Wildlife, the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Turkey are as follows: Testudo graeca, Agama stellio, Agama ruderata, Lacerta parva, Lacerta trilineata, Ophisos elegans, Eumeces schneiderii, Typlops vermicularis, Eryx jaculus, Coluber caspius, Coluber najadum, Eirenis modestus, Elaphe quatuorlineata, Natrix natrix, Natrix tesellata, Maipolon monspessulana and Vipera xanthina. The Resolutions of the Central Hunting Commission shall be complied with during the project activities. All birdspecies other than Larus argentatus, Garrullus glandanus, Pica pica, Corvus monedula, Corvus frugilegus, Corvus corone, Corvus corax and Passer domesticus are under protection as per BERN Convention."Species Allowed for Hunting at Specified Times", "Species That May Be Hunted At All Times" and "Species Under Protection", which are included in the project site and environmental fauna and under protection in our country according to the Resolution of Central Hunting Commission in 2002-2003 Hunting Period by the General Directorate of National Parks and Hunting-Wildlife, the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Turkey are given in Appendix-L (Table L.3). There is not any endemic fauna specie. The species given in Table 4.32 are the species located in the project site and its vicinity and that are under protection as per BERN Convention. These species shall be protected during the project activities. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Docwuents and SettmngsXozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 ,L7L |M Page 84/116 Table 4.32 Mammalia Under Protection As Per Bern Convention Scientific Name | Turkish Name Bern Convention SORICIDAE Kir sivrifaresi Appendix IlIl RHINOLOPHIDAE Rhinolophus feirumequinum Buyuk nalburunlu yarasa Appendix II Rhinolophus hipposideros Kuruk nalburunlu yarasa Appendix II Rhinolophus mehelyi Nalburunlu yarasa Appendix II VESPERTiLIONIDAE Myotis mystacinus KuCuk sakalli yarasa Appendix 11 Myotis biythi Farekulakli kuruk yarasa Appendix II Eptesicus serotinus Genis kanatli yarasa Appendix II Pipistrellus pipistrellus Cuce yarasa Appendix III PipistreUlus nathusii Purtuklu derili yarasa Appendix II Pipistrellus savii Pipistrellus sp. Appendix II Miniopterus schreibersi Uzun kanatli yarasa Appendix II MOLOSSiDAE Tadanda teniotis I KuyAupu yarasa 7Appendix II LEPORiDAE Lepus europaeus 1Yabani tavsan lAppendix III SCIURiDAE - - -Tai icb,Gl pedx1 MUSTELIDAE Mustella nivalis |Gelincik |Appendix III Meles meles Porsuk Appendix III According to the Resolution of Central Hunting Commission in 2002-2003 Hunting Period by the General Directorate of National Parks and Hunting-Wildlife, the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Turkey; The Mammalian Species Allowed for Hunting At Specified Times include Lepus capensis, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Vulpes vulpes, Martes foina and Martes martes. The species that can be hunted at all times include Canis lupus, Canis aureus, Sus scrofa and Herpestes ichneumon. The resolutions of the Central Hunting Commission shall be complied with during the project activities. The species observed at approximately 2 km outside the project site and taken under protection as per the BERN Convention are Kalidiopsis vvageniitzii, Microcnemum coralloides, Salsola anatolica and Limonium anatolicum. 4.2.13 Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Stock breeding, especially sheep/goat breeding, is carried out in all the regions of Aksaray. The animals are usually marketed within the province and districts in the vicinity. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Doc ments and Settngskozden10esktopkCED\EIA Reportxchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 1Y fjiLa,LLR Page 85 /116 According to the data of 1998, the animal availability and breeding in the province are given in Table 4.33 and Table 4.34 respectively in companson to the breeding in the country. As seen in Table 4.33, the sheep and chicken breeding is the most common animal husbandry in the province and the sheep and chicken breeding constitutes 1.5% and 0.2% respectively of the total breeding in the country. Though the cattle breeding are common in the province, it constitutes only 0.6% of the total cattle breeding in the country. The milk and egg production is very high in the province with respect to the animal products. The spring wool production is 1.24% of the average value of the country (see Table 4.34). Table 4.33 Animal Presence in Aksaray Province Type Aksaray (Quantity) Turkey (Quantity) Share of Aksaray (%) Sheep 425.580 29.435.000 1,5 Bristle Goat 14.650 7.523.000 0,2 Angora Goat 3.930 534.000 0,7 Cattle 69.440 11.031.000 0,6 Water Buffalo 1.390 +76.000 0,8 Horse 2.470 330.000 0,8 Donkey 7.010 603.000 1,2 Hen 387.900 236.997.651 0,2 Goose 20.000 1.771.327 1,1 Beehive 10.807 4.199.351 0,3 Table 4.34. Animal Products in Aksaray Province Type Aksaray (ton) Turkey (ton) Share of Aksaray (%) Milk 62.541 9.970.531 0,6 Meat 3.223 532.504 0,6 Spring Wool 614 44.368 1,4 Bristle 7 2.981 0,2 Angora Wool 3 608 - 0,5 Egg 4.650 867.992 0,5 Honey 170 67.490 0,3 * 16 000 eggs are ac cepted as I ton. RefJrence: SIS, 2002 Sultanhani, is one of the most developed husbandry centres of the region. Meat, milk and spring wool are some of the animal products that are produced in the municipality (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). Another husbandry activity that is carried out traditionally in the province is apiculture. Apiculture is undertaken in the high plateaus especially in the vicinity of Hasandagi (Hasan Mountain). Aquatic products production in Aksaray Province is carried out in specific areas. In Mamasun, Hirfanli and Kultepe dam lakes, fresh water sea bass and mirror carp are bred. As for the lagoons, sea bass, common carp, brown trout and wels catfish are Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Settngs%ozden\DesktopkCED\EIA Reportchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 86 116 being produced. There is abundant red coral in Uluirmak River. Freshwater lobsters raised in Mamasun Lake are exported to foreign countries (Toursm Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992). 4.2.14 Recreational Areas and Areas with High LandscaPe Value The areas for daily public use are limited since there is a weak vegetation and poor forest wealth in the project site and its vicinity. The areas used for recreational purposes in Aksaray Province are listed below: * Mamasun Dam picnic area, * Tuzlusu Thermal Spring picnic area, * Ziga Thermal Sprng picnic area, * Ihlara Valley picnic area, * Manastir Valley picnic area. The province has an important tourism potential; however, the tourism sector is not much developed. Tourism and recreation centres in the province are not adequate. The number of trees in the study area are rather low. The site, where wheat, barley and sugar beet are cultivated as the main agricultural crops, has no importance in terms of its landscape and visual worth and also recreationally. Protected areas and locations which are of importance recreationally were presented in Section 4.2.12. 4.2.15 Lands Under Control and Responsibilitv of Authorized Governmental Agencies Bezirci Lake Natural Site Area, Malir Tumulus, Kullutepe (flat settlement) and Kral Yolu (King's Road), which are close to the project site, are under protection. As for the vicinity, Esmekaya Reed Bed and Tuz Golu Special Protection Area are present (see Section 4.2.12). Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir (Iran-Turkey) natural gas pipeline passes 20 km north of the study area (see Figure 1.2). Besides, there are no other areas that belongs to the public. 4.2.16 Determination of Present Air, Water, Soil and Noise Quality 4.2.16.1 Present Air Quality There are no significant emission resources within the project area and its vicinity. Since the region is a rural area, the present air quality depends upon the emissions that Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Do1mnents and Sett,ngs\ozden%Desktop%CEDkEIA Report\chp_4 doc II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 V Pi [ L) Page 87/116 originate from the sources used for heating purposes (i.e., coal) and soil. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Sultanhani are expected to be high, owing to the pollutant sources (i.e., stacks) related to the local coal consumption. However, since there are not many settlements within the project site and its vicinity, and the plateau houses of the local people are not used during the winter, there is no pollution related with coal. The only existing problem is the dust emission during dry and windy days. This problem is due to the dispersion of clayey soil when dred up. The most practical way of determining the air quality in the region is by comparing the long-term measurement values provided from the existing monitoring stations with the "limit values" stipulated in Regulation on Prevention of Air Quality2 (RPAQ). However, as no monitoring station, where the long-term air quality values can be provided, is present within the proposed project site and its vicinity, the local air quality was evaluated from the 1998-1999 winter season (October-March) records of the State Institute of Statistics (SIS) (see Table 4.35) Table 4.351998-1999 Winter Season (October-March) Air Quality Records Parameter SO2 PM Average (pg/rn6) 71 66 Alteration Ratio (%) 48 106 Number of Days STL* Value was Exceeded STL: Short Term Limit 4.2.16.2 Present Surface Water Quality There are no surface water resources in the vicinity of the project site. Hence, it is not possible to mention about the surface water quality of the study area. However, drainage water sourcing from the irrigation of Cumra Plain and all domestic and industrial wastewaters of Konya is discharged to Tuz Golu via a 185 km long pipeline. When the annual pesticide (1105 tons) and fertilizer (415 tons) consumption in Cumra Plain and the industrial wastes (food, cement, paper, metal and metal products) are taken into consideration, it can easily be seen that the pollutant load of the discharged water is at a level that can negatively effect the ecological balance. Algal blooms are observed in Tuz Golu due these wastes. On February 18, 2002, water samples were taken from the Uluirmak River and Tuz Golu, which are close to the Yesilova Village located c.30 km northwest of Sultanhani for the determination of surface water quality. These samples were analysed by Duzen-Norwest 3 02.11.1986 dated and 19269 numbered Official Gazette Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tdle: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C kDocwments and Settngskozden0Desktop\CEDMEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 88 /116 Environmental and Health Services Education and Consulting Co. The results of these analysis are presented in Appendix-L. The analysis results of the samples taken from Uluirmak River and Tuz Golu are presented in Table 4.36 and Table 4.37, respectively. These results were also compared with the "Table 1. Quality Criteria of Inland Water Resources According to Quality Classes" of the Water Pollution Control Regulation, which was published in the September, 4, 1988 dated and 19919 numbered Official Gazette. According to this table, the surface waters are of quality class IV (extremely polluted water). Table 4.28 Uluirmak River Surface Water Quality Water Quality Criteria Uluirmak River Water Sample Parameter Class I Class II Class Ill Class IV Analysis Water Quality Results Class pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 8.25 I Fe (mg/L) 0.3 1.0 5.0 >5.0 0.380 II Cu (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.20 >0.20 <0. 002 I Zn (mg/L) 0.2 0.5 2.0 >2.0 0.010 I Cr (mg/L) 0.02 0.02 0.05 >0.05 <0.002 l Hg (mg/L) 0.0001 0.0005 0.002 >0.002 <0.002 III Pb (mg/L) 0.01 0.02 0.05 >0.05 <0.002 I Ni (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.20 >0.20 0.010 I Cd (mg/L) 0.003 0.005 0.010 >0.010 <0.002 I As (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.10 >0.10 0.136 IV Na (mg/L) 125 125 250 >250 220 III Se (mg/L) 0.01 0.01 0.02 >0.02 0.006 I Mn (mg/L) 0.1 0.5 3 >3 0.352 1I B (mg/L) 1 1 1 >1 0.001 I Al (mg/L) 0.3 0.3 1 >1 0.500 III Li (mg/L) - - - - 0.360 - Br (mg/L) - - - - 0.287 - F (mg/L) 1.0 1.5 2.0 > 2.0 0.390 I Co (mg/L) 0.01 0.02 0.2 >0.2 0.001 I Total CN (mg/L) 0.01 0.05 0.10 > 0.10 0.050 11 S04-2 (mg/L) 200 200 400 > 400 142 1 Oil and grease 0.02 0.3 0.5 >0.5 155 IV (mg/L) Cl- (mg/L) 25 200 400 >400 197 11 Ammonium nitrate 0.2 1 2 >2 3.40 IV (mg/L) 0.______0I N03--N (mgIL) 5 10 20 >20 0.75 I Total PO4-'-P 0.02 0.16 0.65 >0.65 0.87 IV Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngsMozden1Desktop\CEDEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 3LPLXL1 Page 89/ 116 (mg/L) Total dissolved 500 1500 5000 >5000 1183 11 solids (mg/L) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 25 50 70 >70 13.50 I (mg/L) Biochemical Oxygen Demand 4 8 20 >20 0 I (BOD) (mg/L) Suspended Solids - - - - 16.20 (SS) (mg/L) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 5 8 12 >12 2.85 I (mg/L) Fecal coliform 10 200 2000 >2000 0 I (M PNI1 00 mL)__ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total coliform 100 20,000 100,000 >100,000 32 I (MPN/1 00 mL) Class 1: High Quality Water Class I/: Slightly PoDluted Water Class Ill: Polluted Water Class IV: Extremely Polluted Water Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C %D~mants and Sett,ngskozdankDesktopkCED%E1A Reporft&p_4 cl~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 X IMN Page 90 / 116 Table 4.37 Tuz Golu Surface Water Quality Water Quality Criteria Uluirmak River Water Sample Parameter Class I Class II Class ll Class IV Analysis Water Quality Results Class pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 7.92 I Fe (mg/L) 0.3 1.0 5.0 >5.0 4.7 III Cu (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.20 >0.20 0.4 IV Zn (mg/L) 0.2 0.5 2.0 >2.0 0.2 I Cr (mg/L) 0.02 0.02 0.05 >0.05 <0.002 Hg (mg/L) 0.0001 0.0005 0.002 >0.002 <0.002 III Pb (mg/L) 0.01 0.02 0.05 >0.05 0.235 III Ni (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.20 >0.20 0.017 I Cd (mg/L) 0.003 0.005 0.010 >0.010 1.41 IV As (mg/L) 0.02 0.05 0.10 >0.10 0.037 II Na (mg/L) 125 125 250 >250 85.000 IV Se (mg/L) 0.01 0.01 0.02 >0.02 0.0094 I Mn (mg/L) 0.1 0.5 3 >3 0.03 B (mg/L) 1 1 1 >1 43 IV Al (mg/L) 0.3 0.3 1 >1 0.8 III Li (mg/L) - - - - 17 Br (mg/L) - - - - <0.1 F (mg/L) 1.0 1.5 2.0 > 2.0 0.09 I Co (mg/L) 0.01 0.02 0.2 >0.2 0.0075 I Total CN (mg/L) 0.01 0.05 0,10 >0.10 <0.05 11 S04-2 (mg/L) 200 200 400 > 400 5329 IV Oil and grease 0.02 0.3 0.5 >0.5 50 IV (mg/L) 0003 05_50I Cl- (mg/L) 25 200 400 >400 124,590 IV Ammonium nitrate 0.2 1 2 >2 1.05 III (mg/L)__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ NO3--N (mg/L) 5 10 20 >20 0.21 Total P04-O-P (mg/L) 0.02 0.16 0.65 >0.65 0.45 III Total dissolved solids 500 1500 5000 >5000 227,930 IV (mgIL) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 25 50 70 >70 1821 IV (mg/L) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 4 8 20 >20 0 I (mg/L) Suspended Solids - - - - 28.2 - (SS) (mg/L) 28 2 Total Organic Carbon 5 8 12 >12 9.64 III (TOC) (mg/L) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 C \Docwnents and Sett,ngskozden%Desktop\CEDXEIA Report\chp_4 doc 111 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 !7 6 j XL L [ Page 91 /116 Fecal coliform 10 200 2000 >2000 0 (MPN/100 mL) Total coliform 100 20,000 100,000 > 100, 000 0 (MPNI100 ML) Class I: High Quality Water Class 11: Slightly Polluted Water Class Ill: Polluted Water Class IV: Extremely Polluted Water 4.2.16.3 Present Groundwater Quality To determine the groundwater quality, the analysis results of the samples taken from the existing wells were used. The values obtained from the 21075 numbered Gunesli operating well (see Figure 4.8), which was drilled by DSI and the nearest well to the location where the fresh water will be provided for the project, were utilized. The data obtained from this well are presented in Table 4.38. Table 4.38 Groundwater Quality Values (DSI, 21075 numbered Gunesli Well) Parameter Value Groundwater Class (GWC)* Irrigation Water pH 7.8 EC 1T,240X10b pmhos/cm Hardness 50°Fr Free C02 10.00 ppm Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.4 mg 02/L Il-Ill Nitrate 0.011 mg/L Nitrite nitrate - 0.033 mg/L Nitrate __ __ __ __ 0.011___ _mg/L _ (I-Il)I Ammonium (NH4') 2.11 mg/L Ammonium nitrate - 1.64 mg/L Ammonium (NH4 ) 2.11 mg/L (Ill) Boron 2.2 mg/L I IV Organic substance (as KmnO4) Sodium carbonate residue 21.2% (SCR) Exchangeable sodium 1.21 11 ratio (Na%) Sodium absorbtion ratio (SAR) I Cations Na+ 2.7 mg/L | K+ 0.03 mg/L Ca" 6.2 mg/L Mg 3.8 mg/L Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 0 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and SettngMoszden\Desktop%cEDkE1A Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3 Page 92 /116 Total 12.73 mglL 7 Anions HCO3- 5.5 mg/L Cl- 3.7 mg/L I I S04- 3.5 mg/L I I Total 12.7 mg/L GWC l: high quality groundwater GWC Il: medium quality groundwater GWC Ill: poor quality groundwater Classified according to the Table I of the Water Pollution Control Regulation ** Classified according to the Notice on Technical Technical Procedures of the Water Pollution Control Regulation The groundwater is of Class III, according to Table 1 (Quality Criteria According to Inland Water Resources Classes) of Water Pollution Control Regulation (see Table 4.38). As the groundwater is currently used for irrigational purposes, these values of the water resource were compared with the criteria given in the Notice on Technical Procedures3 of the Water Pollution Control Regulation. According to the analysis results, the sodium absorption rate (SAR) in groundwater was determined as 1.2 and electrical conductivity (EC) as 1,240x103 pmhos/cm (see Table 4.38) In this regard, according to Notice on Technical Procedures of the Water Pollution Control Regulation, the mentioned water resource is within C3S1 irrigation class (Ill. Class water-usable). However, most parameters indicate that the water is of high quality (I. Class water- very good) (see Appendix-M). The boron concentration of the groundwater was determined as 2.2 mg/L. According to Table-9 of the Notice, with a water resource with this amount of boron, plants like barley, wheat, maize, oat, olives, cotton, sugar beet, trefoil, broad been, onion, lettuce and carrots can be irrigated (see Appendix-M). 4.2.16.4 Present Noise Level In order to determine present noise levels, for to be used in the determination of well locations, that will be drilled for the natural gas storage in the content of TUGSP, 5- minute equivalent noise level (Leq) measurements were carried out at 12 distinct spots, which were determined by taking the regional settlements in the vicinity of the project site into consideration, on October 29, 2000 and at Sultanhani and Bucak, Omeraga, Rasimusagi and Hacihuseyin plateaus on February 17-19, 2002, by using CEL 480 307.01.1991 dated and 20748 numbered Official Gazette Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Docunents and Sett,ngs%ozden\D0sktop1CED1EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 v .LLL _ ~~~~Page 93 /116 model noise measurement apparatus. The noise measurement locations are presented in Figure 4.34. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Oocwnents and Settmngs\ozden\Desktop\CED\E1A Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 [R 6 L Page 94 / 116 I . l I * Oum >umok f '-KA~..1AC m44ydi.Iw -i,T Ci O$ - 'Ohe. II T* ilS4 1ts k {le-a Oa,m .n p4 13~~1 .-- A.- ! -. ' . --' iF - ! utw.... . Figure 4 Noise Me Locat ion. - i~ i I- >d - -U2fR*N; zx[N ProectTuGouBsinUnd n N a l s r c j : 1. 2 Eninern an Conslta cy Services S S. t _ $ t*^l ~~~\ > ~ * J 7 , i., Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C -Docunents and Serngs)ozden`iDesktop\CEDEIA Report'ichp4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 eay f |PXLWA Page 95/ 116 CEL 480 Model Noise Measurement Apparatus The apparatus is suitable for the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 651 and IEC 804 type 1 categories. The apparatus has three different measurement intervals: i) 20-90 ii) 40-110 and iii) 70-140 dB. By using A and C weighted sound variation curves, it can measure the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) linearly. It can also realize noise measurements in three different frequencies: i) constant noise (fast mode), ii) noise showing slow variation (slow mode) and iii) momentary noise (impulsive mode). It is possible either to make measurements directly or to determine SPL, Lmax (maximum noise level), Lmin (minimum noise level), Lavg (average noise level), L,q (equivalent noise level) and Ln (relative noise level) by using measurement values by CEL 480, which is an integrated equipment. The measurement time interval can be arranged as 1,5,10,15, 30 and 60 minutes and can be automatically measured in six different sets by setting it up. The calibration of the apparatus is done at the production stage and once every following year. Before every measurement, a set-up, which can be explained as zero setting, is undertaken with again a CEL brand (282) and 114 dB stable noise maker calibrator. Measurement Results The noise levels measured during the study are presented in Table 4.39. As can be seen from the table, the highest noise level was measured to be 89.6 dBA at Bucak Plateau during the measurement on February 18-19, 2002, and 89.3 dBA at Sultanhani during the measurement on November 29, 2000. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C rDocnments and Sett,ngs\ozden0Desktop\CED%EIA ReporMchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 ChAVY Page 96/ 116 Table 4.39 Leq, Lmax and Lmin Values, Measurement Locations and Noise Sources No | Location Hour Leq (LmA) (dBA) Source __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ (dWBA) (dBA (dBA) Measurement Date: November 29, 2000 Traffic, 1 Sultanhani 10:20 74.9 89.3 49.0 Announcement, . (Settlement-municipality) Human 2 Tepekoy (Rural area) 10:40 40.2 60.0 31.6 Wind 3 Bezirci Lake (Rural area) 11:11 39.9 62.5 31.0 Wind 4 Bezirci Plateau (Rural area) 11:28 58.5 85.2 31.4 Wind, Animal 5 Tonu Plateau (Settlement-village) 11:37 59.3 77.6 32.5 Wind, Human, Animal Well 2 (Rural area-old TPAO 6 wl)11:52 56.8 76.1 34.1 Wind well)I 7 Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 12:13 59.6 79.5 34.2 Wind, Animal 8 Omeraga Plateau (Rural area) 12:25 61.3 81.1 32.7 Wind, Animal Rasim Usagi Plateau (Rural 12:40 65.5 80.8 35.1 Wind, Animal area) 10 Malir Hoyuk Vicinity (Rural area) 12:54 60.8 77.6 34.1 Motorcycle, Tractor 11 Yilanli Plateau (Rural area) 13:14 55.6 79.5 34.2 Motorcycle, Tractor 12 Road (Rural area) 13:27 52.6 76.5 34.7 Motorcycle, Tractor Measurement Date: February 17-18, 2002 13 Sultanhani 16:55 49.3 76.0 35.2 Human, Vehicle, (Settlement-municipality) 165 93 7. 52 Dog Sultanhani 17:55 47.8 73.7 33.0 Human, Vehicle, (Settlement-municipality) 175 78 7. 30 Dog Sultanhani 18:55 49.9 68.4 29.6 Human, Vehicle, (Settlement-municipality) 185 99 6. 96 Dog Sultanhani . Human, Vehicle, (Settlement-municipality) 19:55 52.8 81.1 31.0 Dog Sultanhani 20:55 46.6 75.3 <30 Vehicle, Dog (Settlement-municipality) 20:55 46.6 75.3 <30 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani 21:55 46.8 77.1 <30 Vehicle, Dog (Settlement-muicipality)1: . . 3 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani H2:00 43.1 60.6 31.8 human, Vehicle, (Settlement-municipality) 2:0 4. 06 3. o Sultanhani (Settlement-municipality) 00:00 41.4 58.5 <30 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani 04:00 39.0 59.9 32.5 Vehicle Dog (Settlement-municipality) Sultanhani020 391 59 321 VhceDo (Settlement-municipality) 02:00 39.1 58.9 32. Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani030 397 54 319 VhceDo (Settlement-municipality)030 397 5. 319 VhceDo Sultanhani040 394 51 318 VhceDo (Settlement-municipality)040 394 5. 318 VhceDo Sultanhani 0:0 4. 63 <0 Vhce o ISettlement-municipality) 051I55 6 <0 Vhce o Sultanhani 06:10 41.4 59.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngs\ozden0Desktop\CED\E1A Report\chp_4 dloc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 97/116 Settlement-municiPalit 07:10 45.6 69.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani 08:10 48.6 78.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog -(Settlement-municipality) Settlement-municiality 09:10 54.5 77.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog (Settlement-municipality) 0:10 54.5 7.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani 111 51.3 75.7 <40 Vehicle Dog (Settlement-municipality) 1 Sultanhani 13 15 47 71.8 <40 Vehicle Dog (Settlement-municipality) 1 . 7 Sultanhani 12:15 44.9 64.9 c40 Vehicle, Dog (Settlement-municipality) 1 . Sultanhani 13:15 47.6 72.8 <40 Vehicle Dog (Settlement-municipality) 1 . Sultanhani (Settlement-municipality) 14:15 50.9 74.7 <40 Vehicle, Dog Sultanhani 16.15 47.4 71.5 c40 Vehicle Dog (Settlement-municipality) Measurement Date: February 18-19, 2002 Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 17:55 58.3 88.8 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 18:55 44.5 79.5 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 19:55 42.2 74.9 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 20:55 50.4 82.3 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 21:55 46.9 89.6 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 22:55 53.0 81.5 <40 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 00:00 39.4 60.9 <30 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 01:00 50.1 71.2 <30 Dog 14 Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 02:00 48.6 85.2 <30 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 03:00 44.3 64.1 <30 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 04:00 49.5 71.3 <30 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 05:00 41.3 70.4 35.6 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 06:05 50.6 74.9 34.5 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 07:05 51.4 77.8 35.1 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 08:05 46.7 79.5 35.3 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 09:05 59.9 89.1 35.2 Dog Bucak Plateau (Rural area) 10:05 51.8 78.6 35.3 Dog Measurement Date: February 19, 2002 15 Omeraga Plateau (Rural area) 11:28 52.5 82.4 <40 Human, Wind, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C o c k , T r e 16 Rasimusagi Plateau (Rural area) 12:50 39.2 70.5 <40 Wind 17 Hacihuseyin Plateau (Rural area) 14:09 46.5 69.6 <40 Wind These noise levels are known occur due to traffic, announcements and animals. The average values recorded at the nearest locations to the proposed project site were 39.2 dBA at Rasimusagi plateau and 52.5 dBA at Omeraga plateau. These values are considered as typical values for rural areas, at which the noises originate from natural Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Docurments and Sett,ngs\ozden\Desklop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 iej 7 PLa W Page 98/ 116 sources and lower human activities, rather than mechanical (e.g., industrial and infrastructure) sources. 4.2.17 Present Traffic Load The comparative distribution of the traffic according to the vehicles in Aksaray Province with respect to Central Anatolia and Turkey is presented in Table 4.40. Accordingly, the traffic load is not so high. Additionally, Sultanhani Sub-distric, where the project site is in its vicinity, is located on Aksaray-Konya highway. The traffic load of the highway is lower in the region after the turn of the project site. Table 4.40 Motorized Vehicles (1998) Vehicle Turkey CentraI Anatolia Aksaray Automobile 3,838,288 852,633 12,958 Minibus 211,495 33,081 886 Bus 108,361 20,813 375 Pickup 626,004 112,090 1,358 Truck 371,163 84,002 3,495 Motorcycle 940,935 127,696 5,034 Vehicles for Private Use 49,925 11,778 356 Heavy Machinery 117,913 25,492 680 TOTAL 6,264,084 1,267,585 25,142 Source: www.die.gov.tr 4.2.18 Other Characteristics There are no other characteristics to be evaluated within this section. 4.3 Characteristics of the Socio-Economic Environment Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Doamnents and Sett,ngs1ozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 a LX LL Page 99/116 General information on the socio-economic charactenstics of the proposed TUGSP area and its vicinity is presented in this section. Within the context of the report, the Central district of Aksaray Province and Sultanhani sub-district of this district, were evaluated together with Gunesli Village of the Central sub-district of Eskil District. The socio- economic analysis not only covers these settlements, but also the Aksaray Province in whole. The evaluation was carried out in detail to fully understand and evaluate the possible impacts of the project on the socio-economical characteristics of the region. During the "Public Participation Meeting" held in the Municipal Assembly Hall of Sultanhani of the Province of Aksaray on 27.03.2003, the questions asked by the local people and answers to these questions are given in Appendix-S. 4.3.1 Economical Characteristics The regional economy depends upon agriculture; however, service and industrial sectors are also rather important. The service sector is dominant within urban areas, whereas the dominance is at agriculture sector within rural areas (Tourism Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992). 4.3.1.1 Main Economic Sectors that Constitute the Economic Structure The main sectors of the regional economy are evaluated in detail in the following paragraphs. The insufficient infrastructure investments have impeded economical development. Agriculture According to the results of the survey on the agricultural lines (households) conducted in the Agricultural Census 1991, the quantity of irrigated and dry agricultural lands in the Province of Aksaray is given in Table 4.27. According to this table, approximately 7% of the cultivated lands is irrigated. This rate is quite lower than the average rate for Turkey, which is 14% (please refer to Section 4.2.9). Sultanhani has got a smooth and wide land, and three fifth of the present land is used as agricultural land. Only one fourth of the land allocated for agriculture is wetland. The sugar beet and cereals are cultivated on the wetlands while barley, rye and wheat are cultivated on the dry lands (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). Animal Husbandry Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Docunlents and Sett,ngsMozden0asktop1CED\EIA Report\cp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 100/ 116 The animal husbandry has the second important place in the Province of Aksaray following the agriculture. The animal breeding including the sheep breeding is performed in all sections of the province. The animals bred in the province are marketed within the surrounding provinces and districts. Bee breeding is also noted as another field of animal husbandry as traditionally performed in the province, and it is performed on the plateaus, especially around Mountain Hasan. According to the data in 1998, the animal availability and production of the province in comparison are given in Table 4.33 and Table 4.34 respectively. As seen in Table 4.33, the sheep and hen breeding is the most common field of animal husbandry and sheep and hen productions constitute 1.5% and 0.2% of the overall quantity of production in the country. Although the cattle breeding is common in the province, it constitutes 0.6% of the total rate in the country. The milk and egg constitute the major part of animal products in the province. The spring wool productions constitutes 1.24% of the average rate in the country (please refer to Table 4.34). The Sub-district of Sultanhani is one of the most developed animal husbandry centers of the region owing its position. The animal products such as meat, milk and spring wool can be supplied in the sub-district (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). Fishery The fresh water bass and carp are bred in the dam lakes of Mamasun, Hirfanli and Kultepe. The bass, carp, trout and sheatfish are bred in the lakes. There are many breams in Uluirmak. The fresh water lobster bred in Lake Mamasun is exported (Tourism Inventory of the Province of Aksaray, 1992). Service Sector The service sector constitutes the second important sector of the Province of Aksaray. Many people work within the fields of trade, transportation, construction, carpeting, training and health and in the public institutions. Industry Industry is the third sector following the agricultural and service sectors within the Province of Aksaray. However, the manufacturing industry is at a quite low rate in the overall province. Although the number of factories is high, the small capacities has an Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Settings\ozden\Desktop\CEM\EIA Report\chp_4 doc II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 ea f PLLLS Page 101 /116 impact on this rate. There are mainly private sector investments in the province. The factory which has the most personnel is Mercedes Benz Turkish Inc., which was established in 1989 (Tourism Inventory of the Province of Aksaray, 1992). The center of the Sub-district of Sultanhani is a trade center. There are more than 300 trade units and workplaces, and there are also two carpet & thread factories, one agricultural credit cooperative and one sugar beet cooperative. The said sub-district is also known for its carpets all around the country (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). Mining The mining activities, which has quite little share in the sectoral distribution, indicate that the Province of Aksaray is poor in the mineral resources. There are kaolin, marble and mercury reserves in the province (please refer to Section 4.2.7) (Tourism Inventory of the Province of Aksaray, 1992). Forestry The Province of Aksaray is not rich in the natural vegetation. The province is not rich in the forestry areas, either. The forestry areas found are in the forms of corrupted oaks and small forests. Only 0.83% of the Province of Aksaray is the forestry area (Tourism Inventory of the Province of Aksaray, 1992). Therefore, the forestry activities cannot be assumed as the source of revenue. Tourism Although the province has a significant potential for tourism, the toursm sector could not advance. The tourism and recreation facilities present in the province are not sufficient. Only a little part of the historical and cultural assets constituting the tourism potential of the province has been used for tourism purposes. Many tumuli and underground cities within the Province of Aksaray has not been able to be exposed to the surface yet. Ihlara - Guzelyurt Tourism Center and Mountain Hasan Winter Sports Tourism Center are located within the Province of Aksaray. There are Thermal Springs Ziga within Ihlara - Guzelyurt Tourism Center. Caravansary Sultanhani, which is located within Sultanhani, has been visited by many domestic and foreign tourists for long years (please refer to Figure 4.33). Since the Sub- district of Sultanhani is located within the Cappadocia Region, this region is developing rapidly with respect to tourism. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C mDocurnents and Settmngs\ozden%Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 v3LjXLLA Page 102/ 116 4.3.1.2 Distribution of Regional Labour Force Table 4.29 shows the distribution of the active population (12+) of the region among the branches of industry. As can be seen from the table, agriculture is the main activity in the province (72.56%), comprising a higher ratio that those of Central Anatolia and Turkey. The second major activity is service, followed by industry. Table 4.29 Distribution of the Active Population among Branches of Industry (%) Region A B C D E F G H I J Aksaray Province 72.56 0.05 6.37 0.24 4.65 5.05 2.21 0.81 7.79 0.28 Central Anatolia Region 50.48 0.47 10.21 0.50 5.26 7.45 3.74 3.13 18.37 0.38 Turkey 53.66 0.56 11.90 0.34 5.06 7.93 3.32 2.32 14.30 0.61 A: Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing F: Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels B: Mining industry G: Transportation, communication and storage C: Manufacturing industry H: Financial corporations, insurance and real estate D: Electricity, gas and water l: Community, social and personal services E: Construction activities J : Activities not clearly defined Source: SIS, 1990. 4.3.2 PoDulation 4.3.2.1 Administrative Division According to the 1997 population census, the population of Aksaray, which was separated from Nigde Province in 1989, is 347,163. There are seven districts in the province. Among these, the Central district, Sultanhani Municipality of this district and Gunesli Village of Central sub-district of Eskil District are the seftlements that will be impacted mostly from the proposed TUGSP. Central district has five sub-districts, namely Central, Acipinar, Sultanhani, Taspinar and Yesilova and has a population of 200,388 according to the 1997 census. Central sub- district has 58, Acipinar has 16, Sultanhani has two, Taspinar has 12 and Yesilova has five villages. Among these, Sultanhani sub-district has a population of is 9029. Administrative division of Aksaray Province is presented in Table 4.42. Table 4.42 1990 Census Results of Aksaray Province Districts Sub-districts and Villages Population CENTRAL City 90,698 Central Sub-District 44,162 Acipinar Sub-District 11,450 Sultanhani Sub-District 9,029 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Ttle: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngs\ozden%Desktop1CEDMEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 L=j X L Page 103 /116 Sultanhani (BM) (B) 8,397 Yesiltomek 632 Taspinar Sub-District 19,882 Yesilova Sub-District 14,035 AGACOREN City 3,543 Central Sub-District 14,419 ESKIL City 16,462 Central Sub-District 5,648 Basaran 535 Esmekaya (B) 3,114 Gunesli 1,359 Hoget 640 GULAGAC City 4,111 Central Sub-District 15,530 GUZELYURT City 3,795 Central Sub-District 13,387 ORTAKOY City 19,612 Central Sub-District 16,068 Balci Sub-District 12,995 SARIYAHSI City 5,996 Central Sub-District 5,577 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~TOTAL 326,399 Source: SIS, 1990 There are migrations from the region to other parts of Turkey and to other countries. When the evaluation is done on provincial basis, it is seen that nearly 1/3 of the population is working outside Turkey (i.e., Germany, Kuwait and Russia) Incomes of some villages are totally supplied from abroad. As Aksaray became a province in 1989, it experienced a rapid population increase between 1985-1990 (Tourism Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992). 4.8.2.2 Urban and Rural Population According to the results of 1997 census, rural and urban populations of Aksaray Province and its central district are equal; whereas, similar with the country average, urban population is higher in Eskil Distnct (see Table 4.). As can be seen in Table 4., urbanization ratio of Eskil District (74.96%) is different than its province, Aksaray (48.70%), and is higher than Turkey average (65.00%). Table 4.43 Urban and Rural Populations (1997) Region Total Population Urban (%) Rural (%) Central District 200,338 50.51 49.49 Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Docu,ments and SetungsMozden\DesktopiCEDOEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 7 X [LLLt Page 104/ 116 Eskil District 25,689 74.96 25.04 Aksaray Province 347,163 48.70 51.30 Turkey Average 62,865,574 65.00 35.00 Source: SIS, 1997. 4.3.2.3 Demographics and Migrations According to the 1990 SIS data, 12,313 people have immigrated to the Aksaray Province from other provinces, districts and villages; whereas 14,704 have emigrated from Aksaray Province to other provinces, districts and villages. The number of immigrants from Aksaray is greater than the number immigrated to Aksaray and the net immigration between the years 1985-1990 is -2391. 4.3.2.4 Population Growth Rate According to 1990 and 1997 population census of Aksaray Province, the annual population growth rate is 6.36%, which is lower than the rate of Turkey (11.32%). The populations of Central and Eskil districts of Aksaray have increased 5.85% and 16.18%, respectively, between 1990 and 1997 (SIS, 1997). 4.3.2.5 Average Household Population According to 1990 population census results, average household sizes of Central Anatolia Region, Aksaray Province, Central District and Eskil District are five, six, five and six, respectively. Aksaray Province and Eskil District have higher averages than the average of Turkey, which is five. 4.3.2.6 Distribution of Age Groups The distribution of total population over the age groups within Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil districts are presented in Figure 4.35, Figure 4.36 and Figure 4.37, respectively. According to 1990 census, 05-14 age group has the highest ratio in Aksaray Province. The majority of the population of the central district is in 05-14 age group. However, 0-9 age group has the highest ratio in Eskil District. These data indicate that the population of the area of concern is mostly comprised of young people and children and is similar with the national distribution where 05-14 age group is dominant (see Figure 4.38). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Docunments and Settngs\ozden\Desktop\CED%EIA Reporh\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 Page 105 /116 14 a r12 -------- _ o10 4 4U.2 0 6 6 Age Group Figure 4.35Distribution of Popuiation over Age Groups in Aksaray Province 0 (0M IIi41t FIK. Age Group Figure 4.36 Distribution of Population over Age Groups in Central District * ~~~~Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Protect Projedt No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No. CON40033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C UDoc>,menis and Setnmgs\ozden\Desklop\CED\EIA Repod\ichp_4 doc T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3- Page 106/ 116 °D rlo ID v _ 2 14 N- N | 12 -- 0 60 - a) 2 , 1 i "I,T,itlzl , i ,,, ; ..L.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1iC1 Age Group Figure 4.37 Distribution of Population over Age Groups in Eskil District 14 ' Z12 -- -~0 _ 6 -O----- 10 997) 06 ---- ---bi-f- -___ e ___ 3) Project iTure 4olu DistnUdrribtound Natra Pouastiorag Povect Ag Project iNo 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 14.01.2003 C tDocuments ancd Settmgs\ozden\Desktop\CED\E1A Report\chp_4 doc : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e jXb) Page 107 1116 Table 4.44 Population Densities in the Region Region Population Area (ki2) Population Density (capita/km2) Aksaray Province 347,163 7,802 44 Turkey 62,865,574 774,815 81 Source: SIS, 1997. 4.3.2.8 Population Estimations The growth in urban and rural populations can be calculated by applying several methods. However, sudden changes in populations due to socio-economical reasons, which cannot be reflected with the population curves, cannot be determined with these methods. In this regard, especially as a result of possible migrations, the estimated populations for the settlements within the project area can be quite different from the real populations. To determine the population variations of Aksaray province, census results from 1970 to 1990 were utilized. However, data between 1970 and 1985 was obtained as a district of Nigde Province, as Aksaray was separated from Nigde in 1989. As can be seen from Table 4.45, population estimations for Aksaray were undertaken using three different methods, namely the Bank of Provinces Method (BPM), Arithmetic Method (AM) and Geometrc Method (GM). The population estimations carried out by using the Least Squares Methods (Geometric-LSGM and Arithmetic-LSAM) were not included in the table due their inconsistent results. The population estimation graphic of Aksaray Province is presented in Figure 4.39. Table 4.45 Population Estimations for Aksaray Province Years Method Used BPM AM GM 1990 326,399 326,399 326,399 1995 395,874 370,158 395,531 2000 480,136 413,917 479,305 2005 582,335 457,675 580,823 2010 706,286 501,434 703,842 2015 856,621 545,193 852,917 2020 1,038,954 588,952 1,033,566 2025 1,260,098 632,710 1,252,477 2030 1,528,313 676,469 1,517,754 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,nQs\ozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 y j XLLLR Page 108 /116 2000000- - . { -- - 1800000~ 1600000 --- - -------- - -- --- - 1400000 ----- ----- -- --------- ----- _ -___ .2 12000000-_- o 1000000 ---- ---------- --- 0. o 800000- 600000- - ___ 400000 -_ _ __= 200000 -- _;= =- - -- -.-------- - -- 0' 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years 1--BPM AM-GM Figure 4.39 Population Estimation Graphic for Aksaray Province Population estimations for 1997 for Aksaray Province were carried out using the above- mentioned methods with 1970-1990 population census results. This estimation was compared with the real population to determine the method, that gives the closest estimation. Hence, it was understood that the Arithmetic Method (AM) gives the most realistic results. According to the estimations done by using this method, 1997 population estimation for Aksaray Province is calculated as 387,661. The population of Aksaray Province in 1997, which is 347,163, is very close to the estimated. In that regard, it is decided to use the Arithmetic Method for the population estimations of the province for the year 2000 and the following years. Similarly, as it can be seen in Figure 4.39, the most regular increase was obtained with this method. Population values of 1997 obtained through the other methods were far from the real value, and thus, not evaluated. 4.3.2.9 Birth and Fertility Ratio Birth and fertility ratios of Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil districts, together with national ratios are presented in Table 4.46 according to the results of 1990 census. Accordingly, the ratio of female to male population in all regions is higher than the national ratio. However, as the ratio of female to male population is close to 1, similarly with Turkey average, it can be seen clearly that there is a balanced distribution in all regions. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Docunents and Sett,ngskozden\Desktop%CEDMEIA Report\chp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3 LPj LA Page 109/116 Table 4.30 Birth and Fertility Ratios Region MT1F (%) FTr% Fertility Ratio Birth Ratio F/M3 Central District 48.22 51.78 24.53 16.46 1.07 Eskil District 49.14 50.86 29.20 20.40 1.03 Aksaray Province 47.96 52.04 27.56 17.13 1.08 Turkey j 50.66 49.34 20.75 15.08 0.97 MIT: Male/lTotal ' FIT. Female/Total -FIM: Female/Male Source: SIS, 1990. The fertility ratio is defined as the ratio of population within 0-4 age group to the population of 15-49 age group, whereas birth ratio is defined as the ratio of population within 0-1 age group to female population of 15-49 age group. The national fertility ratio is 20.75, whereas the same ratio is higher for Aksaray Province, and Central and Eskil districts. In other words, it can be stated that there are 27, 24 and 29 children of age group 0-4 for every 100 adult of age group 15-49 within Aksaray Province, and Central and Eskil districts, respectively. Similarly, birth ratios of Aksaray Province, and Central and Eskil districts are 17.13, 16.46 and 20.40, respectively. There are 17, 16 and 20 babies for every 100 female in 15-49 age group, respectively. Fertility and birth ratios for all regions are higher than the national ratios. 4.3.3 Income According to the 1995-1996 "Gross National Product (GNP)" values of State Institute of Statistics on distrct basis, Aksaray Province has a GNP value of 39,953,288x108 TL, with 0.27% GNP share on national basis. Central and Eskil districts have GNP values of 30,730,990 TL and 1,890,719 TL, respectively, making up to 0.21% and 0.01% GNP shares on national basis. The Central district has the highest share ratio, which is 76.92% on provincial basis, whereas the share ratio of Eskil district is 4,73%. 4.3.4 Unemployment By definition, economically active population is the ratio of population older than 12, to the population currently employed or who are looking for a job The distribution of economically active female and male population are presented in Table 4.47. Accordingly, the economically active female and male population of Aksaray Province is higher than the national average, whereas it is lower within the Central district. However, the economically active male population of Eskil district is higher than the provincial and national averages. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No. CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngs1ozden0Desktop\CEDUElA Reportchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e PLaLW Page 110 116 Table 4.47 Economically Active Population (age 12 and above) Region Male (%) Female (%) Central Distrct 69.38 9.75 Eskil District 89.69 37.35 Aksaray Province 79.22 53.32 Turkey 78.22 42.76 Source: SIS, 1990 Additionally, the distribution of economically inactive population (12-65+) in Aksaray Province, together with Central and Eskil districts are presented in Table 4.48. Accordingly, The male and female student ratios within the inactive population of Aksaray are higher than the national ratio and for Central district, the male and female student ratios are similar with national ratios. Whereas, female student ratio is much lower in Eskil District. The ratio of housewives within the inactive female population of Central and Eskil districts are higher than the national average of 82.11 %. Table 4.48 Economically Inactive Population and its Distribution (%) Region Retired Housewife Student Other Male Female Female Male Female Male Female Central District 15.57 0.39 84.44 57.28 12.28 27.14 2.88 Eskil District 7.02 0.03 94.59 56.19 4.97 36.78 0.40 Aksaray Province 10.39 0.32 81.27 65.19 15.73 24.41 2.66 Turkey 24.69 1.70 82.11 57.74 14.86 17.57 1.33 Source: SIS, 1990. Dependency Ratio Dependency ratio (DR) is the indicator of the employed population. Rate of Dependency is the indicator of the employed (working) population. It is defined as the ratio of every 100 persons at 15-65 age group to the number of persons at 0-14 and 65+ age group. For instance, the rate of dependency of 65+ age group is calculated as the ratio of the population at 65 years old and over to the population at the age group of 15-65. The rates of dependency of the Province of Aksaray, the Central District and the District of Eskil are given in Table 4.50. Turkey has a young population in general and a major part of this population comprises of the age group of 0-14. The total rate of dependency for the average of Turkey has been calculated as 64.68%, 7.06% of which is the rate of dependency of the age group of 65+ and 57.62% of which is the rate of dependency of the age group of 0-14. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision. 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 C \Documents and Setlngs\ozden\Desklop\CED\EIA Report\chp_4.doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 _ Page 111/1 1 6 Table 4.50 Dependency Ratios (DR) Region 65+ 0-14 15-64 65+ Age 0-14 Age Total DR ______________Population Population Population Group DR Group DR Central District 2,915 36,875 50,874 5.73 72.48 78.21 Eskil District 718 6,987 8,750 8.20 79.85 88.05 Aksaray Province 11,781 137,874 176,606 6.67 78.07 84.74 Turkey 2 ,417,363 19,745,352 34,265,838 7.06 57.62 64.68 Source: SIS, 1990. As it can be seen from Table 4.50, Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil districts have higher dependency ratios than Turkey. The total dependency ratios for Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil districts are 84,74%, 78,21 % and 88,74%, respectively. In all regions, most part of the total dependency ratio is the dependency ratio of 0-14 age group. Briefly, the dependency ratios in the region is higher than Turkey average and the labour force in the region is lower than the national average. 4.3.5 Health There are no records on endemic diseases within Aksaray Province and its vicinity. 4.3.6 Social Infrastructure Services in the Region 4.3.6.1 Education Educational level within the schools in Aksaray Province is lower than national level by means of various indicators. Nevertheless, technical-professional schools are at a high level. According to 1995-1996 data, there are a total of 429 schools of which 305 are primary, 83 are secondary, four are professional and technical secondary, 25 are high and 12 are professional and technical high schools (SIS, 1997). Among the 15 schools in Sultanhani sub-district, 14 are primary schools and one is high school (Sultanhani Municipality, 1996). In Aksaray Province, there are motor, electricity, mushroom, milk and dairy products, tourism and hotel management departments in Aksaray Technical Academy of Nigde University, at which the education activities have started in 1987. At the same time, Aksaray Engineering Faculty and Economic and Administrative Sciences Faculty of Nigde University is in Aksaray Province. Civil, industrial, mechanical, geological, electrical-electronic, environmental and mining engineering courses are given in the Faculty of Engineering, whereas the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 C \Docmnents and Sethngs\ozden\Desktop\CED\EIA Reportnchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 e f LP]LA Page 112/116 have economics, business administration and public administration departments (Aksaray Province Industrial Potential and Investment Areas Research, 1997). The literacy ratios of Aksaray Province and its two districts according to 1990 census are presented in Figure 4.40. According to the figure, the literacy ratios of Aksaray Province and Eskil district are 76,65% and 78,14%, respectively. These ratios are below the national ratio, which is 80,46%. The literacy ratio of Central district is 81,46% and this ratio exceeds the national ratio. 90 81,46 78.14_80,46 7 0 - - - - - -- - - - .2 60 - - - .- .2 50 --- __ -------- ---- ---------- --- D 40 - - - - -- - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - --- _____________ 2 20 - 18.52 21,84 1950 r) 20 ------ _ _ _ _ _- --___ - - --- 10 Aksaray Province Central District Eskil District Turkey 0illiterate *Literate I Figure 4.40 Literacy Ratios of Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil Districts The distribution of literates in Aksaray Province, Central and Eskil districts according to the recent educational level is presented in Table 4.50. Accordingly, approximately 76% of the population of Aksaray is literate, where 47% of 6+ age group is primary school graduate. On the other hand, 1.34% of the population has academy or faculty education. The literacy ratio of the Central district is quite high, and 2.61% of its population is academy/university graduate, that is higher than the provincial ratio. Table 4.50 Population Distribution According to the Recent Educational Level (%) Central Eskil Aksaray District District Province Illiterate 18.52 21.84 23.32 19.50 Literate 81.46 78.14 76.65 80.46 Not graduated from any educational institution 17.81 19.57 18.83 19.76 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No., 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.012003 C VDocuments and Settings\ozdenkDesktopiCED\EiA Reportkchp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 XMN Page 1133 116 Primary school graduate 45.97 54.57 47.39 71.50 Secondary school graduate 8.15 2.09 5.40 11.66 Professional secondary school graduate 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.06 High school graduate 4.79 0.60 2.70 8.85 Professional high school graduate 2.00 0.48 0.90 3.19 Academy and/or university graduate 2.61 0.77 1.34 4.72 Source: SIS, 1990. 4.3.6.2 Health Services There are a total of four health institutions in Aksaray Province by the year 1996, of which one is private and three are governmental (managed by the Ministry of Health). Private sector has 20 beds and the Ministry of Health has 300 beds, adding up to a total of 320 beds in the province (see Table 4.51). According to 1996 data, there are 264 doctors of which 59 of them are experts and 205 of them are general practitioners, 22 dentists, 174 midwives, 169 nurses, 251 health officials and 60 pharmacists, working in the province (SIS, 1997). Table 4.51 Number of Hospitals and Beds in Aksaray Province Institution Number of Hospitals Number of Beds Public Hospital 3 300 Private Hospital 1 20 Hospitals of Social Insurance Institution (SSK) Source: SIS, 1997. 4.3.6.3 Cultural Services Since it is located at the intersection of east-west and south-north main roads, Aksaray Province is an important cultural center. There is library and museum at the city center. Besides the cultural activities in the province is carried out at the theatre found in the city center. 4.3.6.4 Other Infrastructure Services Electricity Electrical energy of Aksaray Province is supplied from the hydroelectrical power plants of Hirfanli and Seyhan dams (in Adana Province). There is electricity within all settlements Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Settngs1ozden%Desk1op\CEO\E1A Report\hp_4 doc TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 i lP Page114/116 of the province (Aksaray Province Industrial Potential and Investment Areas Research, 1997). Infrastructure and Drinking Water Sewer system, collector and treatment system of Aksaray Province are being constructed. Among the 166 villages, which are not within the municipalities, 131 have sufficient drinking water supplies, whereas 35 villages do not have (Aksaray Province Industrial Potential and Investment Areas Research, 1997). Telecommunication All settlements within Aksaray Province have access to the national and international automatic telephone calls. Studies to connect telephone lines to some low-populated settlements are still in progress (Aksaray Province Industrial Potential and Investment Areas Research, 1997). 4.3.7 Urban and Rural Land Use in the Proiect Site and its VicinitY Aksaray Province is in Central Anatolia Region, located in Central Kizilirmak section where the mountains situated at the north and south of the region digress. The province is flat and the sections higher than 1,000 m are plateaus. The central, northem and southern parts of the province are covered by plains. Majority of the lands within the province (67.85%) are utilized for agricultural purposes. Within the province, maquis-shrubbenes cover 14.59% and non-agricultural areas cover 16.73% of the lands. Only 0.83% of the lands are covered with forests (Tourism Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992). The distribution of the lands within Aksaray Province according to land use types are presented in Table 4.52 and Figure 4.41 together with their surface areas. Table 4.52 Land Use Types in Aksaray Province Lands Area (ha) Ratio (%) Agricultural area 529,400 67.85 Maquis-Shrubbery 113,790 14.59 Forests 6,510 0.83 Non-agricultural Area 130,500 16.73 TOTAL 780,200 100.00 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 C \Documents and Sett,ngs\ozden%Desktop\CEDXEIA Repoftichp_4 doc TI T TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER3 3|XL) Page 115/116 Source: Tourism Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992. Non-agricultural area 17% Forest 1% J~ Maquis-Shrubbery Agricultural area 15% 67% Figure 4.41 Land Use Types in Aksaray Province 4.3.8 Other Characteristics 4.3.8.1 Archaeological and Historical Assets It is known from the findings obtained by Acemhoyuk Tumulus, Asiklihoyuk Tumulus, Guvercinkaya and Musular excavations that Aksaray history goes back to 10,000 BC. Worldwide known Ihlara and Manastir Valleys and many carved settlements and underground cities are within Aksaray province, because of its geological structure. There exists many remains belonging to pre-Christian, Christian and Islam periods. Guzelyurt and Ihlara, which are among the most important religious centers of Christian society, are within this province. Aksaray had hosted many civilizations through out its history of 10,000 years and enriched by their cultural and archaeological remnants. Remains of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Karamanogullari and Seljuk periods are quite common. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 C \Doc,nents and Settngs%o.d9n\Desktop\CED\E1A Report\chp_4 do TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 3 JV : LP[) Page 116 116 There are many historical, cultural and archaeological assets within Aksaray Province like mosques, Turkish baths, mausoleums, masjids, castles, cemeteries, fountains and bridges, together with protected areas (see Section 4.2.12). In the Central District of Aksaray, Ulucamii, Viransehir, Acemhoyuk Antique Settlements, Egri Minare (Egri Minaret), Zinciriye Madrasah and Museum, Sultan and Agzikara Inns, Yusuf Hakiki Baba and Sheikh Hamid-i Veli tomb and masjids are present. In Eskil District, Kirkdam Underground City is found (Tourism Inventory of Aksaray Province, 1992). 4.3.8.2 Access Network E-90 highway and Konya-Kayseri road pass through the Aksaray Province. The total length of the roads within the province is 468 km, of which 191 km is state roads and 277 km is provincial. 70 km of provincial roads are stabilized and the rest are asphalt. The village roads within the boundaries of the province are 2,024 km long, where 159 km are asphalt, 1,342 km are stabilized, 245 km are leveled and 278 km are unimproved (dirt track) (Aksaray Province Industrial Potential and Investment Areas Research, 1997). There are no settlements within the province that is not connected to the transportation network. There is no railroad in Aksaray and the closest stations are located in Ankara, Konya and Kayseri city centers. The closest airport is in Ankara. The distance between Aksaray Province and Nevsehir, Nigde, Konya and Ankara are 73 km, 116 km, 142 km and 220 km, respectively. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 c \Documents and SettongskozdenlDesktop\CEDIEIA Report\chp.4.doc I]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 1 70 5 IMPACTS ON THE AREA DEFINED IN SECTION 4 OF THE PROJECT AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN In this section, the environmental impacts, which are probable to occur until the termination of opening of first two caverns and the construction of above ground facilities of the proposed TUGSP, are surveyed by presenting the relevant activity definitions; the measures required to be taken to minimize the adverse impacts are discussed. 5.1 Site Preparation, Activities in Construction Phase of the Project, Impacts on Physical and Biologic Environment and Measures to be taken Surface Facilities and Opening of Caverns Three dimensional seismic studies were carried out by TPAO in November 2000 within the site of about 80 km2 determined in the area and considering the obtained results, the locations of 10 cavems in which the natural gas will be stored and the surface facilities were determined (see Figure 2.1). In the content of TUGSP, opening of two cavems will be carried out simultaneously and the required time for this operation is approximately 30-36 months. In this regard, the required time to create all caverns, which are thought to be 10, approximately 150-180 months, (12,5-15 years); natural gas will be commenced to be stored in the caverns created throughout this period. Depending on the formation of the salt layer, the water resource to be used for leaching and the rate of the leaching operation, this period may be extended for a period of 30 months. After these two caverns are opened, approximately 30-45 months will be necessary for filling these spaces with natural gas and this period may be extended for a further 15 months depending on the natural gas potential and the rate of operation. Except for the compressor station, which will be constructed at the top of each cavem to be created in the content of TUGSP and which will cover a limited area, there will be an area for the surface facilities. The surface facilities to be constructed will cover an area of around 500 m x 800 m (40 hectare). The structures such as control room, compressor building, filter units, heating and cooling systems, units in which the oil separators are found, pressure reducers, regeneration units, measurement unit, dehydration unit, facility for waste water treatment package, offices, workshop and garages will be found within the area. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e*|y CHAPTER 5 Page 2 70 Within the scope of the construction works under consideration, foundations, main and auxiliary buildings, delicate works, the mounting of heating, ventilation and plumbing and final site planning studies, the construction of water and gas transmission lines and discharge line will be realized. The criteria to be taken into consideration in the course of site planning are given below. * Water, electricity and telephones lines will be provided to the central points. * The discharge of the project site will be provided and intemal roads will be rigid surfaced. * A well-designed illumination infrastructure, a wire fence set up in a way that its control is simple and appropriate control points will be provided. * A fire system and sufficient connection roads will be built. * Except for the wire fence, a service building will be constructed adjacent to the main entrance gate and thus the entrance of unauthorized individuals to the site will be controlled. Before the commencement of the construction activities, an application shall be made to the Agricultural Production and Development General Directorate (TUGEM) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in order to determine whether the project area is included within the scope of the Law on Pastures numbered 4342. In case the area is a pastureland, permission shall be obtained from TUGEM for changing the purpose of assignment before the construction. DischarQe Line The brine discharge line is a gravitational line and shall provide discharge to Tuz Golu, the receiving body. The discharge region is the unproductive/arid region of Tuz Golu and has an approximate distance of 6000 m to the winter level limit (boundaries) of the lake and 7000 m to the unproductive/arid region border. The diameter of the discharge line, which will have a length of 39 km is envisaged to be 500 mm. It is envisaged that the construction activities of this line will be completed in 1.5 months. In relation with the usage of the land along the pipeline route, being under the "Law on Transit Pipe Lines Law" numbered 4586, the pipelines are excluded from the scope of Article 14 of the "Law on Pastures" numbered 4342. Natural Gas Branch Line The pipeline to be constructed from the Kayseri-Konya-Seydi§ehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line will have an approximate length of 14 km Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT fE[)M CHAPTER 5 Page 3 /70 and a diameter of 40" (- lm). These construction activities are envisaged to be completed in approximately 2.5 months. In relation with the usage of the land along the pipeline route, being under the "Law on Transit Pipe Lines Law" numbered 4586, the pipelines are excluded from the scope of Article 14 of the "Law on Pastures" numbered 4342. 5.1.1 Site Preparation, Pipeline Laying. Excavation in the Content of the Works to be Carned Out For Compressor Station and Discharge Process of Leaching Water, Excavation Wastes (Soil. Stone, Sand. etc.). Equipments, Vehicles and Machines to be used in Site Preparation and Facility Construction Site preparation activities to be performed in the project site will comprise of threefold: (i) topsoil stripping, (ii) pipeline laying, (iii) compressor station and (iv) required excavation works for the discharge of leachate water. The project site and its vicinity are mostly flat (slope 1-3%), with an average altitude of 1000 m for the region (see Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3). It is given importance to the appropriate placement of all project units and thus to minimization of excavation in the design phase of TUGSP. 5.1.1.1 Excavation Amount During the Constrcution of Surface Facilities The dimensions of the area to be constructed by base excavation from the surface facilities are envisaged to be 80 m x 80 m. When it is considered that 1 m base excavation will be made for setting the base on strong ground within this area, the volume of the excavation will be 6.400 m3. Approximately 640 m3 of this amount will be plant soil. The excavation materials will be taken from the area with forks and dozers and will be stored on unused areas in the region being separate from the plant soil. The height of this material will not be more than 1 m. All excavation material will be protected with precautions preventing dusting as indicated in Article 7 of Regulation on Protection of Air Quality (HKKY) that entered into force being published in the Official Gazette dated 02.11.1986 and numbered 19269 in order to prevent the effects of wind and rain (for example use of nylon covers, compression with binding materials). The excavation will be thereafter used for area arrangement and filling and plant soil will be used for greening purposes. In the storage of excavation soil, the principles indicated in the Solid Waste Control Regulation' will be complied with. 1 Official Gazette Dated 14.03.1991 & numbered 20814 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .av7r CHAPTER 5 Page 4/ 70 5.1.1.2 Amount of Excavation Durinai the Construction of Discharge Line The brine discharge line is a gravitational line and shall provide discharge to Tuz Golu, the receiving body. The discharge region is the unproductive/and region of Tuz Golu and has an approximate distance of 6000 m to the winter level limit (boundaries) of the lake and 7000 m to the unproductive/arid region border. The diameter of the discharge line, which will have a length of 39 km is envisaged to be 500 mm. Within this context, approximately 111.150 m3 pit excavation will be made for the discharge line and all of this amount will be reused for pit filling during land arrangement (see Figure 5.1). 4~~~~~~~~-' L4.6 -Fnsanndj Figure 5.1 Cross Section of the Discharge Line 5.1.1.3 Amount of Excavation During the Construction of the Natural Gas Branch Line The pipeline to be constructed from the Kayseri-Konya-Seydi§ehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line will have an approximate length of 14 km and a diameter of 40" (- lm). Within this context, approximately 75.600 m3 pit Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision A 0 Date- 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eav t LX LL[ CHAPTER 5 Page 5/70 excavation will be made for the branch line and all of this amount will be reused for land arrangement and pit filling. 5.1.1.4 Amount of Excavation DurinQ the Construction of Compressor Stations Approximately 150 m3 excavation will be made for each of the compressor stations that will be constructed at well-head locations. (See Figure.2). 5.1.1.5 Excavation Operations The excavation activities to be realized with conventional working machines will be embraced within the purchased areas. No explosives will be used in excavations. The buildings will be constructed, as prefabricated and ready mixed concrete will be used in the construction. Sand-gravel and construction iron to be used as filling material in the construction activities will be procured from the region and will be transmitted to the facility site. The requirements such as food, communication, accommodation services and labor force will be procured from the neighboring settlement areas. * The excavation materials during the construction of the discharge and branch lines may be used for back-filling and land arrangement purposes. Similarly, during the construction of these lines, requirements such as food, communication, accommodation services and labor force will be procured from the neighboring settlement areas. Filling material, /X1m Fine sand 1,5m __ 12mn_ Figure 5.2 Cross Section of the Natural Gas Branch Line Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 6/ 70 The machines and equipment to be utilized in the site preparation period and the construction phase in the content of TUGSP and their amounts are presented below: . Truck 4 * Crane 2 . Excavator 2 . Grader 1 . Loader 1 * Vibrating Cylinder 1 * Concrete Pump 1 . Transmixer 2 * Motor pumps 1 * Trailer (Pipe Carrier) 2 * Sideboom 4 The vegetative soil is comprised of soil layers, which are rich in humus, active in terms of microorganism activities, suitable for the plants to grow and 5-40 cm deep from the surface (see Section 5.1.17). These layers will be stripped and will be stored adjacently as piles in areas that are not in use on site. In the course of this storage, the top of soil piles will be covered by nylon covers and the soil loss (erosion) related to precipitation will be prevented. Following the construction phase this vegetative soil, which is rich in minerals, will be used in landscape studies. Regarding these conditions, it is considered that the excavation planned to be realized in TUGSP construction site will have no important adverse impact on the topography of the region and natural landscape. The probable dust emissions and noise development concerning the site preparation and excavation processes are discussed in Section 5.1.8 and Section 5.1.16 respectively. 5.1.2 Works to be Carried Out For Soil Stabilization Soil survey studies in the scope of the proposed TUGSP were carried out by ENVY. The report prepared in the consequence of these studies is presented in Appendix-N. The site studies in the content of the soil survey were realized on December 7-11, 2001 at the areas planned for both above ground facilities and conduit line route. The studies were carried out in three groups: (i) drillings, (ii) trenches and (iii) in-situ tests. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e t LPX WA CHAPTER 5 Page 7 70 In this regard, six (a total of 122.45 m) drillings were performed and 10 trenches were excavated. In the drillings, the standard penetration tests and pressuremeter tests were done. The results obtained in the consequence of these studies are summarized below: In the extent of TUGSP, all above ground facilities will be carried by surfacial foundation. The foundation of these structures will be constituted with continual shallow foundations or radial foundations in accordance to the features of the structure. However, the width of the continual foundations will not be less than 120 cm. In this case, net safe bearing capacity of the ground will be taken as 150 kPa (1.50 kg/cm2). The total settlements under the stresses that will be transferred to the base of the foundation from the upper structure will be within the acceptable limits. The marl, which will constitute the base of the foundation, is susceptible to the atmospheric effects and in case of a contact with water, it softens and swells. Therefore, the foundation excavations should be realized in no precipitation season and will not be left open interminably. Moreover, subsequent to the completion of foundation excavation, the base of excavation will be covered with at least 10 cm thick lean concrete as a countermeasure to the bottom heave. . The excavations of foundation and conduit lines will be realized without a slope. Except from the surficial soil ranging between 0.30 m and 0.70 m in thickness, the material removed from the excavation of conduit lines can be used in backfilling. In the course of excavations, the excavation classes will be considered as 80% soft rock, 10% crowbar and 10% soil. * In the project phase, the bed coefficient will be taken as 30,000 kN/m3for the base of the foundation at the construction site. * Sultanhani and its vicinity are within the 5th Degree Earthquake Zone. 5.1.3 Operations to be Carried Out to Provide Soil Impermeability at Pipeline. Storage Facility and Other Units The operations to be carried out to provide soil impermeability at the pipeline, storage facility and other units can be generally listed as follows: * Following the commencement of gas storage, the impermeability tests will be realized. * Soil coating systems will be applied at the roofed buildings such as compressor building. * Level indicators will be used for storage tanks. * Double walled storage tanks will be used when needed. . Drainage collectors will be placed under the storage tanks. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 8 70 Besides, the theme will be explicated in detail by means of exclusive explanations in operator and maintenance-repair instructions. 5.1.4 Pipeline Design, Information on the Route 5.1.4.1 Technical Specifications of Pipes and Route With the objective of underground storage of the excess demand of natural gas in the national network by withdrawing it from the network and conveying it again to the national network in case of need, the branching, which will be constructed to the project site from the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir part of the Iran-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline, will be approximately 19 km in length and 40" in diameter (see Appendix-E).The pipeline route and its vicinity is generally flat (slope %1-3) and the average altitude of the area is 1000 m (see Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3) Maximum gas withdrawl is taken into consideration, while determining the pipe specifications. Accordingly, pipe characteristics with an approximate capacity of 30 x 103 m3/day are given hereunder: . Length :14 km . Diameter : 40" . Type : American Petroleum Institute - API 5L standard x 70 .Wall thickness :15.9 mm * Design Pressure :82.5 barg 5.1.4.2 Isolation and Cathodic Protection Since the pipes will be coated, there will be no need for a further isolation. Only the welding points of the pipes will be isolated at the construction site. For the protection of the pipes that will be buried into the opened trenches, opposite current cathodic protection system will be used. Opposite current system consists of: (i) Direct current feeder, (ii) opposite current bed (anode + filling), (iii) cathodic protection test points and (iv) connection cables. A typical cathodic protection system is given in Figure 5.3. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eA PA CHAPTER 5 Page 9/70 If *<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Figure 5.3 Typical cathodic protection system Project- Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT jX CHAPTER 5 Page 10 /70 The protective current intensity values are given hereunder taking into account the characteristics of the structures to be protected, coatings and the line: * PE coated pipe (0,025 mA/m2) * Thermoset epoxy resin coated joints and elbows (0.5 mA/m2) The minimum economic life of the cathodic protection system will be 36 years. The number of anodes, the length, depth and dimensions of the bed, the current resistance of the system, its economic life and possible current intensities will be determined. The total ground resistance of the anode circuit (including bed and connection cables) is equal to 80% or less of the output value of the current hold of the direct current feeder. Horizontal and vertical bed shall consist of Fe - Si anodes within the carbon filled bed. In case the bed is in a salty environment (high chlorine content), Fe - Si - Cr anodes will be used. All anode cables will be connected to a main cable. The embedded connection points between each anode cable end will be fixed with an appropriate connection kit. At the stage of installation, the bed will be determined with an appropriate signing system. In the cathodic protection application, the use of magnesium anodes is also on the agenda and will be assessed as an alternative to the system explained herein above during detailed engineering stage. 5.1.4.3 Technical Information Relating to the Laying of the Pipeline One of the works to be carried out before the commencement of the construction activities is the determination of the width of the working line (right of way). The width of the working line of the natural gas branch line to be performed within the scope of this project and its typical depiction are given in Figure 5.4. In accordance with this, the width of this working line is envisaged to be 26 m in total, maximum 10 m on one side and maximum 16 m on the other side. After the determination of the working line width, the operations to be carred out are as given hereunder: . The map of all infrastructure facilities included along the trench (such as underground cable, water line, sewage line) will be provided and the construction plan will be made in accordance with this structure. * The rocks. in the region and all the materials that may damage the pipe or have an adverse effect on opening the canal will be moved out of the working line. * During the trench opening activities, care shall be paid for preparing the canal base so as to set the entire pipe surface on the ground and for removing the Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7 (jy CHAPTER 5 Page 11 /70 rocks, stones and other foreign materials that may damage the pipe from the canal . Before laying the pipe into the trench, sand material obtained by sieving the excavation materials will be laid on the trench base. * The excavation soil will be piled at a distance that will prevent falling back in the trench or filling back in the trench with rainwater. * In cases where the pipeline construction continues on the existing highways, all precautions that will not prevent traffic flow will be taken. * Along the route, the soil excavated will be loaded directly on the trucks without unloading at asphalt or concrete parts and will be transmitted to a place that will be found appropriate by the relevant local administration. . On asphalt-coated routes, the asphalt will not be opened by breaking with compressors etc instruments for repairng the surface in an appropriate way, but it will be opened by cutting both sides of the surface with an appropnate tool. . The pipes brought to the area will be welded and lowered in the canal after making the isolation of the welding points. . "Sideboom" will be used for lowering the pipes in the canal (see Figure 5.4). _ In cases where hard materials or frozen soil exists in the filling soil that may damage the pipe or wrapping during the filling operation, padding operation will be performed. 26 rn lOcm 16 m 0 U w ~~~~vegetative soil 0 Figure 5.4 Right of Way of Branch Line 5.1.5 Locations and Determination of Caverns The creation of the cavems in the salt structure and storage of fuel oil, petroleum or natural gas in these cavities is a technology implemented frequently in the world. For Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3 yy CHAPTER 5 Page 12 /70 instance, in developed countries such as United States of America (USA), half of the annual gas consumption is preserved as strategic reserve in the underground natural gas stores and in these countries approximately 30% of annual gas demand conceming the residential heating is met from the stores of concern. The number of underground natural gas store is around 450 in North America and around 100 in Europe (Satman, 2000). The information regarding the petroleum, petroleum derivatives and gas storage projects in the world is presented of Table 5.1. Table 5.1 Model Applications of Underground Storage Projects Business Place Technique Stored Capacity Commissioning Holder Used Product (m3) Date Petroleum, GEOSEL- Manosque Leached diesel oil, ANOSQUE (France) cavern (salt) fuel-oil, 6,000,000 1969 gasoline, naphtha GEOGAZ- Lavera Excavated Propane 123,000 1971 LAVERA (France) cavern Butane 183,000 1984 GEOMINES- May-sur-Orne Diesel oil, CAEN (France) Unused mine domestic 5,000,000 1972 CAEN (France) ~~~~~~~~~~~fuel-oil GEOVEXIN Gargenville Excavated Propane 130,000 1977 (France) cavern ELF-ANTAR Donges Excavated Propane 80,000 1977 FRANCE (France) cavern DISTRIGAZ Wuustwezel Aquifer Natural gas 700,000,000 1986-1995 (Belgium) KNOC Seul Excavated Diesel oil 251,000 1982 ______________(South Korea) cavern CALOR GAS Killingholme Excavated Propane 120,000 1985 (England) cavern Butane 120,000 1986 SOMAS Mohammedia Leached Butane 119,000 1988 (Morocco) cavern (salt) LG-CALTEX Yosu Excavated Propane 173,000 1983 GAS (South Korea) cavern Butane 123,000 LONE STAR North Dayton Leached ENERGY Dome caved Natural gas 100,000,000 1987 STORAGE (America) cavern (salt) PEMEX Tuzandepetl Leached Petroleum 1,500,000 1992 (Mexico) cavern (salt) SK-GAS Ulsan Excavated Propane 310,000 1988 l______________ (South Korea) cavern Butane 240,000 KNOC Pyongtaek Excavated Propane 189,000 1989 (South Korea) cavern Butane 120,000 GEOMETHANE Manosque Leached Natural gas 300,000,000 1993 (France) cavern (salt) III1 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eE CHAPTER 5 Page 13 /70 Business Technique Stored Capacity Commissioning Holder Used Product (mi3) Date BUTAGAZ Sennecey Excavated Propane 8,000 1996 (France) cavern KNOC Pyongtaek Excavated Propane 420,000 1996 '(South Korea) cavern l ~~~Lavera Excavated PRIMAGAZ (Francxcaved Propane 98,000 1997 (France) cavern ELGAS Sydney Excavated Propane 135,000 2000 (Australia) cavern SKGAS Pyongtaek Excavated Propane 270,000 1999 SK-GAS________ (South Korea) cavern LG-CALTEX Inchon Excavated Propane 343,000 2000 GAS (South Korea) cavern Butane 136,000 COGEL Shantou Excavated Propane 111,000 1999 (CALTEX-SOE) (China) cavern Butane 108,000 REPSOL Carthagene Excavated Propane 80,000 Design BUTANO (Spain) cavern Butane 120,000 TRANSGAS Carrico Leached Natural gas 140,000,000 Construction l___________ (Portugal) cavern SIGAS (Petrogal Sines Excavated Propane 80,000 Construction / BP / Borealis) (Portugal) cavern BP-NINGBO Ningbo Excavated Propane 250,000 Construction HUADONG LPG (China) cavern Butane 250,000 SALPG Visakhapatnam Excavated LPG 120,000 Design (TOTAL/HPCL) (India) cavern Kuzey Areas where TPAO Degirmenkoy reserves are Natural gas 1,900,000,000 Design l ______________ (Turkey) consumed .I ._._. Source: http://iwww.geostock. fr/english/Iiste.asp In accordance to the literature studies carried out regarding the topic, it is determined that various layers of underground are used as storage areas (see Appendix-L). For example, it is acknowledged that petroleum, oil products, chemicals, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), LNG, natural gas and compressed air are stored in the cavities opened in the underground rock layers, porous rocks and salt beds (Source: PLE Advertisement Booklet). Alternatives concerning the natural gas storage are discussed in Section 7. Accordingly, in the content of TUGSP, it is planned to store the natural gas in the cavities created at the underground salt beds. There are two regions in Turkey where the salt beds are abundant and one of the areas of concem is the south of Tuz Golu and the other is Mersin region. However, since the salt beds in Mersin region are close to the surface and the region is distant to the natural gas transmission lines, this area is not preferred in primacy. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 14 /70 In that context, taking its proximity to the natural gas main pipeline, its convenience in natural cavern creation and drainage processes and its location having the lowest seismicity risk in Turkey into consideration, the south of Tuz Golu is considered to be appropriate for the project. Due to the fact that the storage process will be realized approximately 1000 m deeper in the ground, first of all three-dimensional seismic studies were performed in the scope of the proposed TUGSP. Thus, three-dimensional seismic studies were carried out by TPAO in November 2000 within the site of about 80 km2 determined in the area and considering the obtained results, the locations of 10 caverns in which the natural gas will be stored and the surface facilities were finalized within the boundaries of this seismic study area (see Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3). The information on the seismic studies of concern is given in Section 4.2.3. The factors taken into account in the course of the selection of the proposed project site are listed below: Its proximity to the main pipeline (Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of Iran-Turkey Natural Gas Pipeline); * Its convenience in natural cavern formation and drainage processes; * Being the lowest risked region regarding the Turkey's seismicity; Possessing water resources that are used for other purposes; * Very low agricultural potential in the region. The criteria taken into consideration during the determination of the locations of the caverns are as follows: * The properties of the salt layer (depth, thickness, etc.); * The quality of the salt layer (tectonic movements, etc.); * The definite distance to the present wells; * Taking the usage in future into consideration, the required distance (300-600 m) between the caverns and accordingly, wide area. Accordingly, in the project intending the utilization of 10 caverns, the volume of each cavern will be approximately 500,000 m3. In the following years new caverns could be opened in line with the modifications in the national natural gas policy. By taking the operational convenience and safety factors into consideration, it is planned that the distance between the caverns will be 300-500 m. Due to the safety criteria, it is required that this area is minimum 500 m remote from the nearest cavern. In this context, the distance of the above ground facilities planned to be constructed in the Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7| y CHAPTER 5 Page 15/70 content of TUGSP to the nearest cavern is approximately 700 m and the area under consideration will be located outside the boundaries of the salt layer determined in the consequence of the seismic studies (see Figure 2.1). Furthermore, compressor stations, which will cover a small area, will be built at the top of each cavern. 5.1.5 Operations Concerning Flood Prevention and Discharge There are no surface water resources within the proposed project site and its vicinity. Therefore, no flood problem is believed to occur in the construction site. All required measures will be taken against the surface water by connecting the drainage system to be set up at the foundation level of the building to the grate conduits and stacks to be set up all through the construction site and the water to be collected at these conduits will be discharged to the open field considering the appropriate distance and topography. 5.1.6 Transportation, Storage and Utilization of Flammable, Explosive, Hazardous and Toxic Materials. Utilized Equipment No explosives will be used during the site preparation and the construction activities. The fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel) to be used by the heavy vehicles will be purchased from the relevant commercial organizations as construction site delivery and the required delicacy will be presented to compel the vendor organizations to comply with the relevant legal obligations. Moreover, in the course of storage and usage of the fuels of concern utmost attention will be paid to provide the occupational and worker safety in line with the pertinent legislation. Accordingly, the procurement of secure storage and transportation vehicles will be provided. During the site preparation activities, the related articles of the Regulation on Hazardous Chemicals that entered into force being published in the Official Gazette dated 11.07.1993 and numbered 21634 will be complied with. Throughout the salt dome creation process, it is required to use blanket fluid. Thus, the leaching process can be carried out under control. In the scope of TUGSP, it is planned that the blanket fluid will be nitrogen gas. The nitrogen to be positioned at the upper level of the leachate in the cavem will preclude the erosion that will occur towards the roof in the cavern and will provide that the cavern will be of the appropriate geometry at the end of the leaching process (see Figure 5.5). Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT |yy CHAPTER 5 Page 16/70 Brine Water Water Brine lndirekt Blanket ; Mglgd - fluid * L -~~~~~ L | Figure 5.5 Blanket Fluid Usage During the Leaching Process In addition, the solution level in the cavern will be controlled by nitrogen. The nitrogen, which will be stored in the tanks above ground in low temperature and in liquid phase, will be connected to the cavern area via integrated pipe system and will be pumped to the caverns by pumps. Predominantly nitrogen, which has a proportion of 78% in the atmosphere, is not a flammable, explosive or toxic gas. However, it's most significant characteristic is that it replaces the ambient gases. Therefore, the closed areas where it will be stored should be ventilated properly against any seepage possibility. In the course of the leaching process, for every 1 m3 of water to be pumped to the cavern 0.05 m3 of nitrogen is needed. A total of 500,000 m3 of nitrogen gas will be used to open one cavern. It is planned to create 10 caverns in the content of the project and this process will persist for around 14 years. In this regard, it is assumed that a total of 5x1 06 m3 of nitrogen gas will be utilized throughout the project. The other chemical substance planned to be used in the scope of the project of concern is "oxygen inhibitor". This chemical substance will be used at the area reserved for wells from which the necessary water will be procured for the leaching process in the caverns. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 17 /70 The chemical will be added to the water through the injection unit, which will be located at the outlet of the service store of 1500 m3 in which the water that will be withdrawn from the wells will be stored. The chemical will remove the oxygen in the groundwater and thus, the corrosion of the equipment and pipelines used in the content of the project will be avoided. The amount of the "oxygen inhibitor" to be utilized in the project is directly proportional to the quantity of the oxygen inside the water taken from the underground reserves. The amount of concern will be clarified subsequent to the analyses of the well water carried out in the further phases of the project. The inhibitor to be used in the project will be purchased from the relevant commercial organizations as construction site delivery and the required delicacy will be presented to compel the vendor organizations to comply with the relevant legal obligations. Moreover, in the course of storage and usage of the substance of concern utmost attention will be paid to provide the occupational and worker safety in line with the pertinent legislation. Accordingly, the procurement of secure storage and transportation vehicles will be provided. 5.1.7 Dust Emitting Processes, Their ImDacts on Biological Environment and Measures to be taken, Dust Emission Calculations Dust emission will be possible to be encountered during the construction activities due to various sources such as soil stripping, excavations, transportation on unpaved roads and construction materials to be fallen from the vehicles. In the course of the construction the dust emitting processes such as breaking, grinding will not be required. With the intention to minimize the probable impats regarding the dust emission and to keep the dust emissions at the lowest level, the vicinity of the related areas will be irrigated. Besides, all transportation vehicles to carry excavation materials on site will be covered. The speed of the vehicles will be restricted with 30 km/hour on unpaved roads. The filling matenal to be used will be procured from the closest locations to the construction site. Moreover, it will be paid attention to not to allow the crucks to pass on the mud on their wheels to the main roads on rainy days. In the course of application of these minimization methods, the measures proposed in the pertinent provisions of Article 7 of Regulation on Prevention of Air Quality issued in the Official Gazette dated November 2, 1986 and numbered 19269. In consequence, the impact of the dust, to occur during the construction activities, on the environment will be at acceptable levels. The dust emissions to arise during the construction activities of the project will be discussed in the following sub titles. Regarding the subject, the emission factors stated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are given in Table 5.2. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 18 70 Table 5.2 Dust Emission Factors Activity Emission Factor Amount of dust emitted from stripping-off plant soil 0.029 kg/ton Amount of dust emitted during excavation 0.02 kg/ton Amount of dust formed during loading 0.018 kg/ton Amount of dust formed during unloading 0.01 kg/ton Amount of dust formed during unloading of plant soil 0.02 kg/ton Amount of dust emitted from transportation 0.4 kg/km-vehicle* *This value is calculated by using the formula E = 0.3 x k x (s/i 2) 9x (WI3)0'45 of EPA (1995) in order to find the dust emission caused by the roads. In this formula, k is the particle size factor and is 1.5 lb / mile - vehicle for (PM10); s is the silt content of the road material (6.4%) and w is the average vehicle weight (7 tons). Reference: EPA, 1995. 5.1.8.1 Dust Emissions from the Construction of Surface Facilities Amount of Dust to Arise During Stripping-off Plant Soil The amount of top (plant) soil to be stripped-off during the construction of surface facilities is estimated to be 640 m3 (see Section 5.1.1.1). Accepting that the density of the soil is 2.70 g/cm3, total dust production is calculated to be 1.728 tons. Estimating that the activitiy will continue for 15 days, the daily dust production is determined to be approximately 115 tons. Considering 8 hours of work per day, the amount of dust to be generated from the excavation works is calculated as follows: (115 tons / 8 hours) x (0.029 kg / ton) = 0.4 kg / hour Amount of Dust During Excavation Works The amount of excavation to be carried out dunng the construction of the surface facilities is estimated to be 5.760 m3 excluding the stripping-off topsoil (see Section 5.1.1.1). Considering that soil density is 2.70 g Icm3, total dust production is calculated to be 15.552 tons. Estimating that excavation works will continue.for approximately 45 days, the daily dust production amount is determined to be approximately 346 tons. Considering 8 hours of work per day, the amount of dust to be generated from the excavation works is calculated as follows: (346 tons / 8 hours) x (0.006 kg /ton) = 0.3 kg / hour Amount of Dust to Arise During Loading Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT iLPLXE0 CHAPTER 5 Page 19/70 For the amount of dust to arise from the loading and unloading activities, the site preparation and excavations carried out for compresor buildings are taken into consideration. In this regard, a total of 6,400 m3 of excavation is planned (see 5.1.1.1). Estimating 2 months (60 days) for the loading activity, the daily loading amount is determined as approximately 288 ton. When it is considered that the daily working period will be 4 hours, the amount of dust to be arisen from the loading activities can be calculated as follows: (288 tons / 4 hours) x (0.018 kg/ton) = 1.3 kg / hour Amount of Dust to Arise During Unloading of Excavation Material The amount of dust to arise from unloading activities is different for the excavation materials and the plant soil. Within this context, the dust emissions that will occur during the unloading of the excavation materials are taken into consideration (see 5.1.1.1). Soil density is assumed to be 2.70 g/cm3 and total production is calculated to be 15.552 tons. Estimating that the unloading activity will continue for approximately 45 days, the daily unloading amount is determined to be approximately 346 tons. Taking into account that unloading activity can be performed for 4 hours daily, the dust amount that will occur as the result of this activity can be calculated as follows: (346 tons / 4 hours) x (0.001 kg / ton) = 0.1 kg / hour Amount of Dust to Arise During Unloading of Plant Soil The amount of dust to arise from unloading activities is different for the excavation materials and the plant soil. Within this context, the dust emissions that will occur during the unloading of the excavation materials are taken into consideration (see 5.1.1.1). Assuming that soil density is 2.70 g/cm3, total production is calculated to be 1.728 tons. Estimating that unloading operation will continue for 15 days, the daily unloading amount is determined to be approximately 115 tons. Taking into account that unloading operation will continue for 4 hours daily, the dust amount that will be generated as the result of this activity can be calculated as follows: (115 ton /4 hours) x (0.02 kg / ton) = 0.6 kg / hour Amount of Dust to Arise from the Roads During Transportation Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e- 7 - |a CHAPTER 5 Page 20 /70 While calculating the amount of dust to be aroused from the roads during transportation, it is assumed that the capacity of one truck is 5 tons and it will take a distance of 500 m at once. Taking into account that daily loading and unloading production is 288 tons and the number of trucks that will operate are 4, it is estimated that one truck will make 15 travels a day. In addition, taking into account that one vehicle will operate for 4 hours a day, the dust emission calculation is given hereunder: 0.5 km/time x 15 times/4 hours x 4vehicles x 0.4kg/km-vehicle = 3.0kg/hour Control methods such as limiting the speed of the truck during transportation with 30 km/hour and spraying the roads used with water, lower the dust emission as3O% and 50% (EPA, 1995). In this context, it is envisaged that the amount of dust that will be generated during transportation will be 1.1 kg/hour. Total dust amount to be aroused from the construction activities is equal to the sum of all dust emission sources. Total Dust Amount =stripping off the plant soil+excavation+loading+unloading of excavation material+ unloading of plant soil + transportation Total Dust Amount = 0.4 kg / hour + 0.3 kg / hour + 1.3 kg / hour + 0.1 kg / hour + 0.6 kg / hour + 1.1 kg / hour = 3.8 kg / hour This value is over the value 1.50 kg/hour, which is given in Appendix 2 of Air Quality Protection Regulation stating that a modeling study is required. In this context, a modeling study related with the distribution of the dust emissions that will occur during the construction activities in the environment is carried out. Dust Distribution Modelinqg As indicated in the Air Quality Protection Regulation (HKKY) Appendix-2, Section 6.5.1, the contribution factor to the Air Pollution (HKD) for suspended particulate matter in the air is calculated with Formula II, given hereunder; 16 0 ____] - (z+h)2 1 F(z +h)2 1 F Vdi x [ 71 C(x, y,z)= expi- Y 2 2exp 2 +exp 2 exp- fdi2 dexp 2 d 3600.2rt UhGyOz 2z L 2z 2ozL e t Uh 0Oz(8) [2. z(6)JI Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e|vy CHAPTER 5 Page 21 /70 where; C(x, y, z) : HKD for each dispersion condition at the top point (mg/m3) Q :mass flow rate of the emissions from the emission source (kg/hr) ay, CZ :horizontal and vertical sdispersion parameters (m) Uh: wind speed (m/s) h: effective emission height (m) x, y, z : Cartesian coordinates at the top point (x: in the spreading direction and conditions vertical to this spreading direction, y: horizontal, z: vertical) Vdi : lowering speed (m/s) (taken as 0.07 m/s in cases where particle size distribution is not certain) &, : integration variable in x direction Followings are accepted in calculation; Q= 3.8 kg/hr Average wind speed = 2.5 m/s Anenometer height = 10 m Vdi = 0.05 in/sec h = 15 m In the calculation of the precipitating dust, the following formula is used: d(x, y) = 86.400 x v Vdi x Ci (x,y,0) /1 03 For dust distribution simulation, the production and the dispersion of the dust in accordance with distance as the result of utilization of SCREEN3 computer model are given in Table 5.3. Table 5.3. Particle Materials that May be Caused by the Construction Activities for Surface Facilities and the Distribution of the Precipitating Dust in Accordance With Distance Distance (m) Particulate Matter (Lg/m3) Precipitating Dust (mg/m2.day) 100 7,622 32,927 200 6,943 29,994 300 4,100 17,712 400 2,591 11,192 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e y tj PLI CHAPTER 5 Page 22 /70 500 1,737 7,503 600 1,235 5,335 700 920 3,974 800 712 3,076 900 566 2,445 1000 461 1,992 1100 383 1,655 1200 323 1,395 1300 276 1,192 1400 238 1,028 1.500 208 899 1600 183 791 1700 163 704 1800 145 626 1900 130 562 2000 118 510 The long and short term limiting values that must be complied with for particle materials (PM) and precipitating dusts as indicated in HKKY are given in Table 5.4 hereunder; Table 5.4 Limit Values Indicated in HKKY. Pollutants Long TermLimit (UVS) Short Term Limit (KVS) PM (igI /m3) 150 300 Precipitating Dusts 350 650 (mg/m3.day) . Since the dust emission that will be caused by the surface facilities will be a provisional impact, comparison with the values indicated as KVS in HKKY is necessary. In this context, the dust amount and the precipitating dust concentrations at the ground level are estimated to go below the limiting values afterl.300 m and 1.800 meters, respectively. In case these excavation activities are carried out between October - March, during which the plateaus are not used, these plateaus will not be affected from this condition. In addition, since these residential locations are not areas that are continuously used and since the buildings are generally for animals, these areas may be shifted to safer areas that are more distant from the caverns. As a result, it is envisaged that the dust emissions that will be caused by the activities related with the surface facilities are envisaged to be limited with a short period such as 60 days. In this context, the dust emissions can not affect the air quality in the region for a long period. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eLP| [ L[ CHAPTER 5 Page 23 /70 5.1.8.2 Dust Emissions from the Construction of Brne DischarQe Line 50 m section shall be under construction continuously dunng the construction of the brine discharge line. In other words, the pipes in 50 m sections on the route will be welded, the plant soil will be stripped-off, the pipe will be laid and the trench will be closed. These operations will be completed in approximately one week. In this context, the main source of the dust emissions related with the pipeline construction will be the excavation activities during the trench opening. The amount of excavation to be carried out for a 50 m section of the route is estimated to be 143 m3 (see 5.1.1.2). Assuming that the soil density is 2,70 g/cm3, total dust production is calculated to be 386 tons. Estimating that the excavation works will last for approximately 4 hours, the amount of dust aroused from the excavation is calculated as follows: (386 tons /4 hours) x (0,006 kg/tons) = 0.6 kg/hour This value is below 1,50 kg/hour that requires dust distribution modeling according to the Annex-2 of HKKY. In this context, there is no need for a modeling of dust distribution that will be generated during the construction of discharge line. All excavation material will be protected with the precautions preventing dusting as indicated in Article 7 of HKKY in order to prevent the effect of wind and rain (for example use of nylon covers, compressing with binding materials). 5.1.8.3 Dust Emissions Caused by Construction Activities Related with the Branch Line Similar to the discharge line, there will be a 50 m section under continuous process during the construction of the natural gas branching line. In other words, the pipes in 50 m sections on the route will be welded, the plant soil will be strpped-off, the pipe will be laid and the trench will be closed. These operations will be completed in approximately one week. In this context, the excavation activities that will be carried out while opening the trench will be the main source of dust emissions related with the pipeline construction. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 24/70 The excavation amount that will be produced during the excavation operations to be carried out for a 50 m section along the route is estimated to be 270 m3 (see Section 5.1.1.3). Assuming that soil density is 2,70 g/cm3, total production is calculated to be 729 tons. Estimating that the excavation works will last for 4 hours, the amount of dust that will be generated by the excavation operations can be calculated as follows: (729 tons /4 hours) x (0.006 kg/ton) = 1.1 kg/hour This value is below 1,50 kg/hour that requires dust distribution modeling according to the Annex-2 of HKKY. In this context, there is no need for a modeling of dust distribution that will be generated during the construction of discharge line. All excavation material will be protected with the precautions preventing dusting as indicated in Article 7 of HKKY in order to prevent the effect of wind and rain (for example use of nylon covers, compressing with binding materials). 5.1.9 Details Reqardinq the ODerations at the Aquatic Environments in the Proiect Site In the scope of the project, the underground salt domes will be leached with water and it is proposed that the brine water (solution) formed owing to this process will be discharged to Tuz Golu. The process waters taken from the cavems will be collected in the ponds and then the water will be transmitted to the receiving body (Tuz Golu) by means of gravity. The receiving body for the process water taken from the collection pond via the transmission line will be the arid region of Tuz Golu. The length of the line to be used will be approximately 39,000 m and its discharge point is approximately 6000 m to the winter level border of the lake and approximately 7000 m to the unproductive/and region border (see Appendix-R). The discharge line will be spiral welded steel pipe (SWSP) St 37, which will be 500 mm in diameter and coated with polyethylene (PE) internally and extemally. At the end of the discharge line, there will be five diffusers having a diameter of 150 mm and one diffuser having a diameter of 230 mm, each with a length of 18 m and configured as zigzag holes and the discharge will be carried out towards the receiving body via this diffuser. The diffuser will be mounted on the prefabricated concrete supports (see Figure 5.6). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 25 /70 3 m ,, Support concrete T T 0150 mm 3 m A-A CROSS SECTION _ _-~ I Figure 5.6 Diffusers In the content of the proposed project, except for the construction activities of the solution discharge line to be carried out at the aquatic regions of Tuz Golu, there will be no construction activity in the aquatic environments. The section of the line having approximately 500 mm diameter, which will be constructed at the aquatic environment, will be 6000 m utmost (see Appendix-R). In this distance the pipeline will not be buried in the ground and will follow the ground. Diffuser will be mounted to the last 18 m part of the 6000 m section of the line. A diffuser will be mounted to the final 18 m of the part of the line of 6000 m. The diffuser part of the structure will be placed over the concrete support. In this regard, there will be no excavation activity in the course of the construction activities at the aquatic environment. Only drilling will be performed to bury the supports and the water supports will be nailed. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT !E CHAPTER 5 Page 26/70 It is presumed that the activities of concern will persist for two months utmost. In this context, the turbidity impact that can occur in the aquatic environment during the activities will be short termed and it will not result in an adverse permanent impact in the environment. 5.1.10 Infrastructure Plan of Transportation. Construction of Infrastructure There will be no road construction in the content of the project. The existing roads on site will be utilized throughout the construction activities. Besides, water spray will be performed at certain penods to avoid the dusting. The frequency of water spray will be increased in summer times when the weather is hotter and arid. The distribution of the traffic in Aksaray Province according to the motorized vehicles is presented in Table 4.40 in Section 4.2.16.5 in comparison to entire country. Accordingly, the traffic load is not so much. Sultanhani, which is 17 km north of the project site, is located on Aksaray-Konya highway and the traffic load of the highway is not high. In the section of highway lying behind the turn of the project site, the traffic load is lower. In this regard, the impact of the traffic load on Aksaray-Konya road that will be arisen on account of the activities in construction phase is of inconsequential level. Furthermore, in the scope of the project reclamation studies will be performed at the roads presently utilized for access to the project site from the main road. When it is considered that the personnel that will work in the content of the project will accommodate in the surrounding settlements, the amount of dust to be arisen due to the transportation of the personnel will be of very low level. The activities concerning the dust formation resulted from the construction activities are presented in Section 5.1.8. In the consequence of the calculations and taken measures, the amount of dust that will be brought out because of the activities in the construction phase of the proposed project will not be in an amount that could impact the environment adversely. 5.1.11 Water Supply System and the Amount of Water Required The water required in the content of TUGSP will be utilized for the purposes stated below: * To leach the salt layers during the leaching process and create underground caverns where the natural gas will be stored; * To meet the water demand (e.g. drinking and usage water) of the personnel; * The construction activities of the above ground facilities and * To irrigate the green areas later on. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 III~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES __ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT t d6L XLi) CHAPTER 5 Page 27/70 The water required for all activities to be carried out in the content of the proposed project will be provided from the groundwater reserve located in the vicinity of Bezirci Lake. The permit letter acquired from the General Directorate of DSI for the usage of 5x106 m3/year of water from the groundwater reserve throughout the proposed TUGSP is given in Appendix -C. Therefore, a total of 6 wells, five main and one backup, will be drilled and used. The wells of concern will be located 6 km northwest to the site proposed for the above ground facilities and the water withdrawn form the wells will be pumped to the project site via a transmission line and will be collected in a storage tank. The amount of water procured in the scope of the project is given below with regard to the usage purposes: Water Demand of Caverns According to the studies, maximum amount of water required for each cavern is 280 m3/hour. Since the operation will be carried out simultaneously for two caverns, the highest flow rate that will be needed can be calculated as follows: qc3v = 280 m3/hourx 2 qca, = 560 m3/hour Water Demand of Surface Facilities The amount of water to be used at the surface units will be 10 m3/hour. The amount of concern will be utilized for the water demand of the personnel, fire and irrigation water. The water, which will be withdrawn from the store via a different line, will be transmitted to the surface facilities via a line of 6 km in length. The groundwater reserves are presently used as usage water. However, together with the opening of the wells and putting them into operation, the well waters will be analyzed permanently and in case of water quality deterioration, the necessary treatment units will be employed. The drinking water demand of the personnel will be provided by means of the water that will be carried by tanks to the project site from the Provincial Center. Dilution Water Demand It will be used to avert the brine water from being crystallized inside the pipes in winter, on days when the air temperature is very low (at most two weeks in one year) and its amount will be approximately 100 m3/hour. * Total Water Demand Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 28 /70 Total maximum water demand will be the sum of water demand of caverns, surface facilities and dilution water demand. In this case, Qtotal = qcav + qabove ground facilities + qrarefaction Qtotal = 560 m3/hour + 10 m3/hour + 100 m3/hour Qtotal = 670 m3/hour. In this regard, the annual water amount to be needed is calculated as, Qannual = (560 m3/hour + 10 m3/hour) x 365 day/year x 24 hour/day Qannual = 4.993.200 m3/year This value is below the value 5X106 m3, which is the annual groundwater usage amount that is permitted by DSI. The value of concem, which will be withdrawn in control from the safe sections of groundwater reserves, is not accepted to bring out an adverse impact on baseline situation. 5.1.12 Electrification Plan in the Content of the Proiect The electrical energy required for the construction and operation activities to be carried out on the proposed project site will be provided from the electrical lines that will be installed to the site. The total energy need in the operation phase of the facility is 5 MVA. It is planned to provide the amount of concern from one of the posts, which lies within the provincial boundaries of Aksaray and is located on Sultanhani-Eskil transmission line of 34.5 kW pertaining to the Turkish Electricity Distribution Corporation (TEDA,S). Regarding the topic under discussion, in the consequence of the deliberations realized with the TEDA,S authorities in the region, it is stated verbally that the matter will be resolved by means of an application. In this context, following the clarification of the transmission line route the required official procedures will be commenced. The operation of the machines, the safety of the construction site, low voltage energy line to be utilized for domestic and surrounding illumination will be attained with the underground (buried) cables. All measures stated in the standards will be taken for safety. In this regard, the transformer settling areas will be encircled with fence, warning signs will be furnished, the power switch panels will be locked and safety lots (clearances) will be provided. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ;EP| X LM CHAPTER 5 Page 29/ 70 It is recognized that no adverse impact will be of question environmentally conceming the issues such as power switch site, transformer and transmission line to be built in the content of the project. Nevertheless, in order to be on the safe side, the visual adverse impacts will be minimized by means of the landscape studies (afforestation, etc.) performed in overall TUGSP project. 5.1.13 Category and Amount of Solid Wastes and DisDosal Methods Durnq the Stage Beginning from Site PreDaration to Commissioning of the Facilities In the construction phase of the proposed TUGSP, solid wastes from various sources will be created. These sources can be classified as domestic wastes, residual oils resulting from the oil change of machines and vehicles, other solid wastes (iron pieces, steel, packing materials, material over sieve, etc.) and the solid waste to be arisen due to the insoluble substances inside the solution. The disposal methods of these wastes or how they will be utilized is presented in the following paragraphs. 5.1.13.1 Domestic Solid Wastes A total of 100 personnel will be employed in the construction phase of TUGSP. The construction personnel will be elected from the residents in the region and there will be no accommodation in the project site. Therefore, the daily solid waste amount per capita will be 0.7 kg2. In this regard, it is anticipated that daily total domestic solid waste amount in the construction phase will be 70 kg. Even if temporary and for a short period, this amount will denote an additional load on the local system. As it is stated in the official letter of the Sultanhani Municipality dated February 18, 2002 and numbered 4/2-41, the domestic solid wastes of concern can be disposed at the dumpsite of the municipality (see Appendix-C). 5.1.13.2 Residual Oils The disposal of the residual oils arisen from the oil, change of the machines and vehicles in the course of the construction of the facility of concern will be carried out in compliance with the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27.08.1995 and numbered 22387. The stored waster will be given to one of the firms licenced by Ministry of Environment. 5.1.13.3 Construction Wastes 2 In the reserach realized by USEPA in, it is stated that the solid waste production per capita is 4.6 Ib/day (2 kg/day). This value is lower in Turkey (approximately lkg/day). Given that the personnel to be employed in the facility of concem will not be accomodated in the project site, the solid waste amount per capita will be approximately 0. 7 kalday. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eajy CHAPTER 5 Page 30 /70 In the construction phase, solid wastes such as iron pieces, steel, packing materials and similar solid wastes and material over sieve (excavation material which is excess of backfilling) will be formed as well. These wastes will be collected and will be disposed at the dumpsite of the municipality as is stated in the official letter of the Sultanhani Municipality dated February 18, 2002 and numbered 4/2-41 (see Appendix-C). 5.1.14 Types and Consumption Quantities of Fuels and their Emissions and Disposal During the Stage Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities In the course of the construction activities, the fuel will not be used in any operation except for the requirement of various heavy vehicles such as lorry, crane, excavator, grader, loader, vibrating cylinder, concrete pump, transmixer, motor pump, trailer (pipe carrier). In general, diesel fuel will be used in the construction vehicles of concern, whereas gasoline will be used in smaller vehicles. It is predicted that the gasoline consumption will be less than diesel fuel consumption. Compared to the gasoline motors, the diesel motors, which are different owing to their operating principles, emit lesser carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC), but more nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) and these emissions are diffused from the sources like exhaust and crankcase leakage. The use of closed injection systems and the low volatility of the diesel fuels prevent the evaporation losses. According to the USEPA emission factors, in case if each heavy vehicle, which is maintained decently and is running with diesel fuel, would be driven with a speed of 0-30 km/hour, it would emit 8.61 g/min CO; 1.38 g/min HC and 6.27 g/min NOx'. The daily pollutant emissions arisen from the heavy vehicles in the construction site are determined. It is accepted in the calculations that one machine of each type is running simultaneously and every machine is operating constantly for eight hours a day. The CO, HC and NOx emissions calculated according to the USEPA emission factors are given in Table 5.5. Table 5.5 Daily Pollutant (CO, HC and NOJ) Emissions Resulted from Heavy Machines Pollutant Emission Factors Period Daily Emission l Pollutant (g/sec) (hourlday) (kg/day) CO 8.61 [ 8 42 HC 1.38 | 7 l NOx 6627 | 8 30 3 Air Pollutants Emission Factors. 3rd Edition, USEPA, Research Trianqle Park, NC, 1977. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 31 / 70 The emissions resulted from the machines to be used in the construction phase will be temporary. Moreover, total emission believed to occur will be considerably below the emission that can be arisen from any highway and it will not bring out significant impacts on the air quality. Therefore, concerning the air quality no measurement and monitoring program is proposed for the construction phase. 5.1.15 Category and Amount of Wastewaters, Disposal Methods and Discharqe Environments During the Staae Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities 5.1.15.1 Domestic Waste Waters A total of 100 personnel will be employed in the construction phase of TUGSP. The construction personnel will be elected from the residents in the region and there will be no accommodation in the project site. Therefore, the daily water demand is determined as approximately 60 L per capita4. It is anticipated that the whole amount will return as wastewater. Thus, total domestic wastewater to be arisen in the construction phase will be 6000 L/day. The wastewaters will be collected in impermeable septic tank and will be taken by the sewage trucks of Sultanhani Municipality and disposed as stated in the official letter of Sultanhani Municipality dated February 19, 2002 and numbered 4/2-43 (see Appendix-C). The septic tanks will be constructed in compliance with the terms of references of Bank of Provinces, "Water Pollution Control Regulation Technical Codes Notice", which is issued in the Official Gazette dated January 07, 1991 and numbered 20748, and "Regulation on Pits to be Provided In Places Where Construction of Sewage Watercourse is Not Feasible", which is issued in the Official Gazette dated March 19, 1971 and numbered 13783. In the content of TUGSP, it is planned that a total of ten caverns will be opened and the opening of two caverns will be carried out simultaneously. The required time for this operation is approximately 30-36 months. In this regard, considering the construction of the other facilities, the project will be completed in approximately 12,5-15 years. Throughout this period, natural gas will be commenced to be stored in the cavems created, while new caverns will be opened as well. In other words, the construction and operation phases will be carried on simultaneously. 4 In the 'Regulation on the Drinking and Usage Water Project Preparation of Provinces and Towns" of the General Directorate of Bank of Provinces, the daily water need per capita in the settlement areas which _ their population is less than 3000 individuals is detemnmined as 60 L. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 32/ 70 Together with the commencement of the operation phase of TUGSP, wastewater treatment package will be used instead of the septic tanks and the domestic wastewaters will be treated in this facility, will be used for irrigation or will be discharged to Tuz Golu by connecting to the brne discharge line. In order not to create mud, which will be in an amount that would result in environmental problems, at the wastewater treatment package facility, biological treatment technique including extended aeration will be preferred. The discharge pertaining to the domestic wastewater treatment facility will be realized in compliance with the criteria given in Table 21.2 of Water Pollution Control Regulation (see Table 5.6) and the wastewater discharge values stated in Fishery Products Law numbered 1380 and Regulation on Aquatic Products5. Table 5.6 Domestic Wastewater Discharge Standards Parameters | Discharge Limits* l____________________ J 2 Houred Composite Sample | 24 Houred Composite Sample BOD5 (mg/L) 50 45 COD (mglL) 160 110 SPM (mg/L) 60 30 pH 6-9 6-9 BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand SPM: Suspended Particle Matter *Class 2: Pollutant load is 60-600 kg/day as raw BOD. Population=1,000-10,000 5.1.15.1 Oily Waters There will be no activity in the construction phase of the project, which will require the formation of industrial wastewater that can merge into the groundwater or will be given to the planned general discharge system. Therefore, there will be no industrial wastewater discharge outside the site throughout the construction phase. Furthermore, it is not anticipated that the various washdown waters and wastewaters that will be probable to arise will contain any pollutant of considerable amount except for the suspended solid (soil, etc.) and oil and grease. The washdown waters of concern will be collected via a distinct line excluding the domestic waters. The washdown waters, which will be passed through the oil holders, will be sent to the wastewater treatment package facility that are used in domestic wastewater treatment. The waste oils, which will be resulted from the oil change of the machines and vehicles throughout the construction of the facility of concern, will be collected at separate 5 Official Gazette dated 27.07.1973 and numbered 14607 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES i ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eLPLLLA CHAPTER 5 Page 33/70 containers and their disposal will be carned out in accordance with the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27.08.1995 and numbered 22387. 5.1.15.1 Solution Discharge The detailed information concerning the topic is presented in Section 5.2.5. 5.1.16 Vibration. Sources and Level of the Noise Durnq the Staqe Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities The machines and equipment to be utilized in the site preparation perod and the construction phase of TUGSP and their noise pressure levels, Lw (SBD), are presented below. The listed noise levels are determined by means of the comprehensive studies, which were previously carried out on the construction equipment. . Truck 85 dBA * Crane 105 dBA • Excavator 105 dBA * Grader 120 dBA D Loader 115 dBA • Vibrating Cylinder 110 dBA . Concrete Pump 115 dBA * Transmixer 115 dBA * Motor pump 120 dBA . Trailer (Pipe Carrier) 85 dBA The equivalent noise level that all noise sources form at a certain level is calculated by means of the formula given below: Leq = 1OLog 1 E1- L/o Leq = Equivalent SBD value, dBA N = Number of noise resource L, = SBD values of the machines, dBA In this regard, considering the most pessimistic approach, assuming that at least one of all machines listed above will operate simultaneously, the total equivalent noise level is: Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 34/ 70 Leq =101log[ 1(2x10 l "' +2x10 /10 +10 '1/ +3x10 10 +2x10 /1J)] Leq= 114,93 dBA The value (Lp) of the equivalent noise level that will be arisen by the machines considering a certain distance is calculated with the formula given below. Lp = Leq + 10 Log (Q/(4 Tr r2)) Q :Reduction factor chosen due to the flatness or roughness of the field (Modelling was realized by taking the reduction factor as 1 in rough field and 2 in flat field owing that the topography would change throughout the route.) r :Distance (m) Due to operation in the open environment, the reduction in the noise level due to atmospherc absorption is calculated with the following formula: Aatm = 7,4x10-8 xf2 x- Aatm,: Reduction in the noise pressure level with atmospheric absorption (dBA) (calculated for 50 m and longer distances) f: frequency of the transmitted noise (1500 Hz) r: distance from the source (m) o: relative humidity (60% in accordance with the average of the data for years taken from Aksaray and Karapinar meteorology stations) The noise levels at various distances are calculated as hereunder with these formulae and are summarized in Table 5.7 and Figure 5.7. Calculation of noise level for r= 10 m Lp =Leq + 10xIog (Q /4itr2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 / 4 X (1 0)2) Lp = 86.9 dBA Calculation of noise level for r = 50 m Lp = Leq + 10 x log (Q /4 i r2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 /4 Ti (50)2) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 35/70 Lp = 72.9 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 108 x f2x ro Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 x 15002 x 50/60 Aatm = 0.1 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L50 = 72.9- 0.1 L50 = 72.8 dBA Calculation of Noise level for r = 100 m Lp =Leq + 10xiog (Q/4Trr2) Lp = 114.9 + 10x log (2/4 Tr (100)2) Lp = 66.9 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 108 x f2x r/ Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 x 15002 x 100/60 Aatm = 0.3 dBA L100 = Lp - Aatm LI = 66.9 - 0.3 loo=76.6 dBA Calculation of Noise level for r = 250 m Lp = Leq + 10 x log (Q /44 r2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 /4 7t (250)2) Lp = 59.0 dBA Aatm =7.4 x 108 x f2x r/ Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 x 15002 x 250/60 Aatm = 0.7 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L50 = 59.0- 0.7 Lo= 58.3 dBA Calculation of noise level for r = 500 m Lp = Leq + 10x log (Q /4ir2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 / 4 It (500)2) Lp = 52.9 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 108 x f2x r/ Aatm = 7.4 x 1 0-8 x 15002 x 500/60 Aatm = 1.4 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L50=52.9-1.4 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 36 /70 L50 = 51.5 dBA Calculation of noise level for r = 750 m Lp= Leq+ 10xIog(Q/4 tr2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 /4 ic (750)2) Lp = 49.4 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 108 x f2x r/0 Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 X 15002 x 750/60 Aatm = 2.1 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L5= 49.4- 2.1 L50 = 47.3 dBA Calculation of Noise Level for r = 1000 m Lp= Leq+ 10xIog(Q/4irr2) Lp = 114.9 + 10 x log (2 /4 i (1000)2) Lp = 46.9 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 108 x f2 x r/0 Aatm = 7.4 x 10-8 x 15002 x 1000/60 Aatm = 2.8 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L50 = 46.9 - 2.8 L50 = 44.1 dBA Calculation of Noise Level for r = 1200 m Lp = Leq + 10x log (Q /4itr2) Lp = 114.9 + 10x log (2/4 7c (1200)2) Lp = 45.3 dBA Aatm = 7.4 x 10.8 x f2 x r/A Aatm = 7.4 x 10.8 x 15002 x 1200/60 Aatm = 3.3 dBA L50 = Lp - Aatm L50=45.3-3.3 L50 = 42.0 dBA Table 5.7 Distribution of the Noise Resulted from the Machines to the Distance (Flat Field) Distance from Lp (dBA) Am (dBA) Total Noise Level Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 37170 source (m) (dBA) 0 114,9 114,9 10 86,9 86,9 50 72,9 0,1 72,8 100 66,9 0,3 66,6 250 59,0 0,7 58,3 500 52,9 1,4 51,5 750 49,4 2,1 47,3 1000 46,9 2,8 44,1 1200 45,3 3,3 42,0 The closest residential location to the project area is Omeraga Plateau, which is at a distance of 1 100 m (see Table 2.1). As the result of the noise measurements carried out during the siteworks, this noise level of the region is determined to be 52.4 dBA (see Section 4.2.16.4). 140 120 -__ ___ _ *j 80- 60 0)4 z 20 - . - --- 0- 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Distance (m) Figure 5.7 Distribution of the Noise Resulted from the Machines to the Distance (Flat Field) Since the noise levels must be summed in order to obtain all or a weight total level or power levels of a given frequency spectrum or the combined noise levels of noise sources, that is the backplane noise of a source, logarithmic values are summed up after being converted into energy units (Acoustic Society, 1994). This calculation is performed using the following formula: Total noise level = 10 x log In, 10 In/19 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 38 /70 n: number of noise levels to be summed up Ln: noise levels to be summed up (dBA) With the help of the formula given herein above, it is calculated that the noise level that may be created at Omeraga Plateau due to construction activities is about 53 dBA. As can be seen, the noise level caused by the construction activities will not have a negative impact at this plateau. The Leq limit values determined for different regions with GKY are given in Table 5.8. In accordance with this, the noise that will be created at Omeraga Plateau for the closest location during the construction of the surface facilities complies with the limit value determined for Region Ill. Table 5.8 Noise Limit Values (GKY Table 3) Region Explanation Leg (dBA) I Settlement area out of the city (far from traffic) 35 - 45 11 City side settlement 40 - 50 City settlement area (100 m distance to traffic flow) 45 - 55 Settlement area out of the city, main roads, workplaces (60 m distance 50 - 60 to traffic flow) Ill The city center settlement area, main roads, work places (20 m distance 55 - 65 _ to traffic flow) I IV Industrial Region or roads on which heavy vehicle and buses are 60 - 70 _______ operated The equivalent values of the noise levels and social reaction intensity are given in Figure 5.8. A noise level about 50 dBA is a level that is acceptable at residential locations. The construction activities that will be carried out within the scope of Tuz Golu Basin UGNSP will cause an increase of only 0.6 dBA at Omeraga Plateau, which is the closest location. In this context, the noise level that will be caused by the construction of the surface facilities is not expected to create any negative impact in the near surrounding. There will be no explosion during the construction activities and within this period, the precautions indicated in Article 22 of Decree on Worker Health and Work Security will be taken and the employees will be provided with special helmets, earphones or ear taps that are protective against noise. The maximum noise levels that the employees may be subject to as given in GKY Table 2 are indicated in Table 5.9. These values will not be exceeded during the construction activities to be carried out within the scope of the proposed project. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 39 /70 The operations causing noise will be limited within the hours 06:00- 1900, which is stated in Noise Control Regulation and is defining the daylight hours.The works will be restricted with the activities generating low noise levels at nights and on official holidays NOISE LEVEL SOCIAL REACTION INTERNAL LOCATION EXTERNAL LOCATION NOISE (dBA) NOISE LEVEL LEVEL Rock concert , ' .: Local public action with Jet passing at a height of 300 m effective or legal activities Inside of metro train Gasoline grass cutting machine at ____________ ___________a distance of 1 m Complaint petitions a distance_of_1_m Hand mixer at a distance of 1 m a0 Diesel truck at a distance of 15 m Strongly possible to be Day time in - city noise complained about Shouting at a distance of 1 m Vacuum cleaner at a so distance of 3 m Possible to be complained Gasoline grass cutting machine at about a distance of 30 m ea . . Normal speech at a distance of 1 m _ . . Rare complaints Large office Intense traffic at a distance of 100 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m Dish washing machine in the Day time silent in - city location _________________ adjacent room Acceptable Small theater, conference Night time silent in - city location hall (backplane) 2a,) Library Night time silent out of city location Bed room at night ,0 Concert hall (backplane) Night time silent rural area Broadcast and recording _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _stu d io_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hearng limit Reference: Hatono. M. 1980 Figure 5.8 Equivalent Values of Levels and Social Reaction intensity Table 5.9 Maximum Noise Levels Noise Occurrence Period (hour/day) | Maximum Noise Level (dBA) 7.5 80 4 90 2 95 1 100 0.5 105 0.25 110 0.125 115 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No-: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ew 7 X W CHAPTER 5 Page 40/70 5.1.17 Trees to be Cut Down. Flora Species to be Disturbed, Measures to be taken Dunnq the Stage Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities In the consequence of the literature studies and site surveys realized in the content of the EIA studies, it is determined that there is no forest or forestry area in the study area and its vicinity. In general, taking the ecological properties of the project site and its vicinity into consideration, it can be uttered that the forest development is not likely. Since no natural forestry vegetation is present on site, no tree cutting will be realized. Moreover, Bezirci Village Surrounding is not in the scope of the Forest Law numbered 6831 in accordance to the official letter of Aksaray Administration Office of Konya Forestry Administration Directorate of T.R. Ministry of Forestry dated November 20, 2001 and numbered 05.KD.1/537 (see Appendix-C). Except for the compressor station, which will be constructed at the top of each cavem to be created in the content of TUGSP and which will cover a limited area, there will be 40 hectares of area where the surface facilities will be located. Majority of the construction activities will be carried out on this area and consequently, the vegetation within the 40 hectares of area of concern will be removed. However, since this area is pasture and thicket presently, the vegetation to be removed will not have adverse impact on the vegetation specific to the region. 5.1.18 Size. Land Use Capability and Crops of the Agricultural Areas to be destroyed During the Stage Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities According to the soil investigation studies carried out at the three dimensional seismic study area and its vicinity by the authorities of II. Regional Directorate of Konya Rural Services, the project site and its vicinity (see Figure 1.2) are Ill. Class rain-fed agricultural areas and surrounding the area of concern settlement areas (plateaux) are present. In the areas where the agriculture is being performed based on precipitation, the productivity is middle and low owing to the soil depth. In line with the information obtained from the site surveys, it is determined that the main agricultural products in the region area wheat, barley and rye. The areas to be utilized on site will cover an area of 500 m x 800 m (40 hectare) where compressor station, which will be constructed at the top of each cavem and will cover a limited area, and the above ground facilities will be located. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ejXy CHAPTER 5 Page 41 /70 5.1.19 Accommodation and Other Technical/Social Infrastructure Demands of the Personnel During the Phase Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissionina of the Facilities and Personnel Relevant Population The number of workers will be approximately 100 in the construction phase. 20 of the personnel to be employed will be engineers and formen, while the rest, 80 of them, will be unqualified construction workers. All workers will be provided from the settlement areas in the vicinity and there will be no accommodation at the project site. The worksite to be constructed within the project site will comprise of the site offices of the supervising personnel, equipment and spare parts warehouses, dining hall, dressing room and an infirmary where a doctor will be employed constantly. The minor injuries will be treated in this infirmary; while more serious incidents will be transferred to Sultanhani Health Clinic or Aksaray State Hospital. The wastes to be arisen from the infirmary will be stored in separate containers and will be disposed in compliance with the relevant articles of the Regulation on the Control of Medical Wastes dated May 20, 1993 and numbered 21586. The water demand for all activities to be carried out in the content of the project will be supplied from the groundwater reserve in the vicinity of Bezirci Lake and will be withdrawn from the total of six wells, five main and one backup. The wells under discussion are located approximately 6 km northwest of the above ground facilities; the water withdrawn from the wells will be transmitted to the project site by a transmission line and will be collected in a storage tank. The potable water demand of personnel will be carried with tankers. Since Sultanhani Municipality is at approximately 17 km north of the project site, it is anticipated that the food demand will not cause any problems. 5.1.20 Risky and Dangerous Activities Regarding the Human Health Durng the Stage Beginning from Site Preparation to Commissioning of the Facilities The probable risks against the human health and safety in the course of the construction phase of TUGSP project are related to the accidents possible to occur in such construction works. In this regard, the contracting company that will realize the construction activities will utilize the information and experience and moreover, the safety principles6 which are accepted worldwide in order to furnish a site secure for all workers and provide the security of excavation, scaffold and heavy vehicles (cranes, etc.). 6 These principles are determined by acts and regulations such as Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act (Official Gazette dated September 12, 1974 and numbered 15004) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 42 /70 Against the probable occupational accidents, warning signs will be placed on site, the required safety equipment of the workers will be procured and the entries and exits to the construction site will be taken under control by taking the relevant articles of the 'VVorker Health and Occupational Safety Act" into consideration. Besides, with the intention to minimize the potential environmental contamination risks, the required protection measures will be taken. 5.1.21 Landscape Aspects and Site Reclamations The purpose of realizing site reclamation at the project site by utilizing landscape aspects is to provide the visual screening of the project facilities and to create a picturesque environment for the project. In that context, the vegetative soil to be removed from the surface during the excavation studies is planned to be piled at a convenient section of the construction site and to be used by spreading it to the required places at a time close to the termination of the construction activities. The vegetative soil with 10 cm depth from the surface, which is rich in humus, active in terms of microorganism activities, suitable for the plants to grow. The vegetative soil to be excavated from the surface will be piled orderly. The top of the vegetative soil depots will be covered with inorganic (polyethylene and similar material) or organic (grass, grassy flora planting, etc.) materials for protection against erosion, drying, spreading over with wild grass and for the soil to maintain its vigor. No debris and filth such as stone, gravel, sand, lime, liquid fuel leakage, other oils or oily substances, tar having a size exceeding 5 cm should be found inside the vegetative soil. In the course of the construction activities, the above-mentioned aspects will be complied with. Following the completion of the rough construction works, adequate afforestation studies will be performed within the boundaries of the project site. Flora species convenient to the climate of the region will be used and plans concerning the protection of the present ecologic habitat and nature will be realized at the green areas. The ground cover of the areas where site reclamation studies will be carried out will be of the grass type that is adaptable to the present ecology. The flora species to be used in site reclamatioln are presented below. Pinus nigra Black Pine Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine Cedrus libani Lebanon Cedar Juniperus sabina Tam Juniper Juniperus excelsa Grecian Juniper Juniperus foetidissima Juniper Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT i6 X0RN CHAPTER 5 Page 43/ 70 Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Rosa canina Wild Dog Rose Rosa hemisphaerica Sulphur Rose Elaeagnus angustifolia Oleaster Acer negundo Ashleaf Maple Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Salix caprea Goat Willow Salix alba White Willow Crataegus monogyna Common Hawthorn Fraxinus omus Manna Ash Berberis spp. Barberry species 5.1.22 Health Protection Zone ProDosed for the Proiect The proposed project site is presently distant from the settlement areas. Moreover, the accident risk will be minimized by means of the emergency response plans discussed in Section 8.2. Given that there is no pollutant emission or discharge that will arise owing to the project or can impact the regions in the vicinity, the health protection zone is proposed as 50 m around the above ground facilities. This value is proposed by taking the similar facilities abroad into consideration and provided that the above ground facilities and structures near the wells will be encircled with fences, it is considered as adequate. 5.1.23 Other Activities There is no other activity that is required to be discussed in this section. 5.1.23.1 Drilling Activities Excavation Works During the Site Preparation and the Dust Amount The excavation activities that will be carried out with conventional work machines during the preparation of the drilling area will be completely carried out within the drilling area. No explosive materials will be used in the excavation operations. The buildings will be prefabricated and precast concrete will be used in the construction. The drilling area size will be approximately 100 m x 200 m and there will be three pits in this area (wastewater pool, waste mud pool and cut off pool). The dimensions of these pools will be 18 m x 26 m x 3 m (width x length x depth) for wastewater pool, 25 m x 26 m x 3 m (width x length x depth) for waste mud pool and 25 m x 26 m x 3 m (width x length x depth) for the cut off pool. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT el yy ji CHAPTER 5 Page 44 /70 In this context, the total materials that will occur as the result of the excavation works are given for each area hereunder: Drilling area: 100 m x 200 m x 0.10 m (top soil depth) = 2000 m3 Wastewater pool: 18 m x 26 m x 3 m = 1404 m3 Waste Mud Pool: 25 m x 26 m x 3m = 1950 m3 Cut Off Pool: 25 m x 26 m x 3m = 1950 m3 TOTAL: 7304 m3 Assuming that the soil density is 2,70 g / cm3, total production is calculated to be approximately 19,270 tons. Approximately 5400 tons of this amount will consist of soil tearing off and approximately 14.320 tons of it will consist of excavation operations. The soil tearing off operations are estimated to be completed in 15 days and the excavation operations are estimated to be completed in the following 15 days. In this context, the maximum dust amount that may be caused by the excavation operations can be calculated as follows: Soil tearing off: (5400 tons / 15 days / 8 hours) x (0.029 tons / ton) = 1.3 kg / hour Excavation: (1 4.320 tons / 15 days / 8 hours) x (0.006 kg / ton) = 0.7 kg / hour These activities will follow each other and these values are below the 1.50 kg / hour value given in HKKY Annex 2. In this context, there is no need to perform a modeling study related with the distribution of the dust emissions that will occur during the excavation activities. The excavation materials will be stored within the drilling area and will be used for the stabilization of the wastes that will be caused by the drilling activities. In the storage of the excavation soil, the principles indicated in the Solid Waste Control Regulation will be complied with. Domestic Wastewater Generated During the Site Preparation During the preparation of the drilling area, domestic wastewater will be generated by the personnel employed in the activities. It is envisaged that approximately 10 people will be employed during these operations. The daily per capita water demand is determined to be 60L at the residential locations with a population less than 3.000 according to the Regulation on The Preparation of Project for City and Town Potable Water and Consumption Water of General Directorate of Bank of Provinces. It is considered that all of this amount will return as wastewater. Hence, the amount of total domestic wastewater that will be generated during the construction stage will be 600 L / day. The wastewater will be collected in non-leaking sewage pits and as indicated in the letter of Sultanhani Municipality Presidency dated 19.02.2002 and numbered 4/2 - 43 Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.012003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES _ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e v| CHAPTER 5 Page 45/ 70 (see Annex - C), will then be collected with the vidangers of the municipality and removed. The sewage pits will be constructed in compliance with the specifications determined by Bank of Provinces, "Water Pollution Control Regulation Technical Procedures Regulation" that entered into force being published in the Official Joumal dated 07.01.1991 and numbered 20748 and the "Regulation on the Pits to be Constructed at Locations where the Sewage Canal Construction is not Possible" that entered into force being published in the Official Joumal dated 19.03.1971 and numbered 13783. The dimensions of the sewage pits will be approximately 18 m x 26 m x 3m (width x length x depth). Domestic Solid Wastes Generated During Site Preparation The domestic solid wastes generated during the preparation of the drilling area (food and office wastes, etc) will be collected in the field at the waste collection area and thereafter, removed at the Municipal waste area as indicated in the letter of Sultanhani Municipality dated 18.02.2002 and numbered 4/2 - 41. (see Annex - C). The amount of these wastes is estimated to be approximately 15 days x 0.7 kg / day = 10.5 kg. In addition, scrap materials will be collected in a separate area and there after the ones that can be recycled will be recycled and the ones that can not be recycled will be given to the firms that buy scrap materials. Domestic Wastewater Generated During the Drilling Activities During the drilling activities to be carried out at the project area, the personnel to be employed in the activities and the -cleaning activities will produce domestic wastewater. It is envisaged that approximately 50 personnel will be employed at the well during the drilling activities. The daily per capita water demand is determined to be 60 L at the residential locations with a population less than 3.000 in the Regulation on The Preparation of Project for City and Town Potable Water and Use Water of General Directorate of iller Bank. It is considered that all of this amount will return as wastewater. Hence, the amount of total domestic wastewater that will be created at the stage of construction will be 3000 L / day. The wastewater that are generated will be collected in non-leaking sewage pits and as indicated in the letter of Sultanhani Municipality Presidency dated 19.02.2002 and numbered 4/2 - 43 (see Annex - C), then will be collected with the vidangers of the municipality and removed. The sewage pits will be constructed in compliance with the specifications determined by Bank of Provinces, "Water Pollution Control Regulation Technical Procedures * Regulation" that entered into force being published in the Official Joumal dated Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eL| LLS CHAPTER 5 Page 46/70 07.01.1991 and numbered 20748 and the "Regulation on the Pits to be Constructed at Locations where the Sewage Canal Construction is not Possible" that entered into force being published in the Official Journal dated 19.03.1971 and numbered 13783. The dimensions of the sewage pits will be approximately 25 m x 26 m x 3m (width x length x depth). Oily Waste Waters During the drilling activities, water will be used for the cleaning of the location and the equipment and for the drilling mud. The produced waste waters and the accumulated rain waters will be collected in canals opened in the project area and will be transferred to the waste water pool that will be constructed in the area. Under article 9 of the Notification issued by the General Directorate of Petroleum Works, in compliance with the provision that "Impermeability of mud and collection pools must be provided before use", the impermeability of the mud pits will be provided and hence soil pollution and the adverse effects that may be caused on the underground waters will be minimized. The oily wastewater that is produced as the result of the drlling operations will be passed through oil separator and the water that is cleaned off the oil will be reused. The wastewater produced after the completion of the drilling operations will be cleaned off oils and will be collected in the wastewater pool. At the end of the project, the remaining wastewater will be analyzed under the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulation and after the determination of the water characteristics; they will be removed with an appropriate method. The oily wastes accumulated in the oil separators will be stored being separate from all other wastes and these wastes will be removed from the area by firms licensed by R.T. Ministry of Environment. A wastewater pool that is made impermeable using geo-membrane will be constructed and an oil trap will be placed in the channel entering to the pool in order to separate oil and petroleum from the wastewater. The dimensions of the wastewater pool will be approximately 25 m x 26 m x 3m (width x length x depth). Impacts on Groundwater There may be spaces or underground water resources in the formations passed until reaching an impermeable area during the drilling activities. In this case, casing will be made until the impermeable formation along the drilling section, it will be cemented under article 12 of the notification of Petroleum Works General Directorate dated 28.12.1995, and it will be determined that there is no connection between the inside of the well and these levels using cement tie log and pressure tests. Thereafter, the drilling activities will be carried out in this casing. By this way, when any space is reached, there will not be any leakage. In addition, under article 11 of the notification of Petroleum Works General Directorate dated 28.12. 1995, fresh water based drilling liquid will be used until passing the formations carrying fresh water and no chemical substances other than betonite will be mixed to the drilling liquid unless required by the drilling conditions. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ea 7j CHAPTER 5 Page 47 70 Within the scope of Tuz Golu Basin UGNSP, in order to minimize the impacts on the groundwater, casing is placed until reaching the non - leaking formation that is approximately at 660 m for both wells and the drilling operations are carried out in this casing (see Figure 5.9). By this way, any possible effect on the underground sources by a possible drilling mud leakage is prevented. Thereafter, cementing is performed on the casings. Formation Wastes and Drillinq Muds 10 caverns are planned to be opened within the scope of Tuz Golu Basin UGNSP. The wastes that are cut with the drill and carried to the surface during the drilling activities to be carried out while opening these cavems and that have the characteristics of the formation on which the work is performed during that operation will be analyzed under the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation and in case of a hazardous waste, they will be stored separately from other solid wastes. Thereafter, these hazardous wastes will be removed from the area by the firms licensed by R.T. Ministry of Environment. Similar operation will also be applied for the drilling mud. I.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. . -+ iiz t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' vz 5 Figure 5.9 Drilling Activities Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural. Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 48 /70 Formation wastes and drilling mud will be subjected to stabilization and neutralization processes. Domestic Solid Wastes The domestic solid wastes produced during the drilling activities (food and office wastes etc) will be removed in the Municipal waste area as indicated in the letter of Sultanhani Municipality Presidency dated 18.02.2002 and numbered 4/2 - 21 (see Annex - C). Mud Pit For the temporary storage of the formation wastes that will be created during the drilling activities and the drilling mud, it is envisaged that pits will be opened in the project area. During the design of these pits, drilling depth, tower type, utilization condition of the area and the soil structure will be taken into consideration. Care will be paid to provide impermeability before the utilization of the mud pits. The wastes accumulated in the mud pits will be subjected to stabilization and neutralization operations. While carrying out the drilling activities, due to health and safety reasons, the drilling area and the surrounding of the mud wells will be surrounded with wire mesh and entrance of the people other than the relevant ones to the area will be prevented. The dimensions of the mud pit will be approximately 15 m x 10 m x 3 m (width x length x depth). There is no other activity that must be examined in this part. 5.2 Activities in Operation Phase of the Project, Impacts on Physical and Biologic Environment and Measures to be taken In this section, the environmental impacts, which are probable to occur with the commencement of gas storage in the first two cavems and following the commissioning of the above ground facilities of the proposed TUGSP, are surveyed by presenting the relevant activity definitions; the measures required to be taken to minimize the adverse impacts are discussed. 5.2.1 Characteristics of all Units in the Content of the Project, Detailed Explanation of the Methods, Technologies and Work Flow Chart. Amount and Properties of Machines and Equipments, Services Provided in Other Units In the scope of the proposed TUGSP, it is planned to store natural gas in 10 caverns, which will be opened inside the salt domes by means of the method referred as solution mining as well in Bezirci Lake Region located approximately 17 km south of Sultanhani of Aksaray Province Merkez District (see Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eI 7 6 P]LS CHAPTER 5 Page 49 /70 The salt domes to be utilized in the project are located approximately 700 m and deeper in the surface and their thickness varies between 700 m and 1500 m. In the scope of the project, it is planned to create a total of 10 cavems, each having around 500,000 m3 of volume, through leaching of salt domes for 12.5-15 years. 42x106 m3 cushion gas will be stored in each cavern and the storage process will be made with 70x106 m3 gas over the cushion gas. Total cushion gas in 10 caverns will be 420x106 m3 and the total gas amount that will be taken from the network, stored and given back will be 700x106 im3. In the content of TUGSP, the opening of two caverns will be carried out simultaneously and the required time for this operation is approximately 30-36 months. In this regard, the required time to create all caverns, which are thought to be 10, approximately 12,5- 15 years. Throughout this period, natural gas will be commenced to be stored in the caverns created, while new caverns will be opened as well. In other words, the construction and operation phases will be carried on simultaneously. The process flow chart of the facility is given in Figure 5.10. The units to operate in the facility are presented below: * . WellArea Units . Water Distribution Units * Leaching Units * Brine Discharge Line * Natural Gas Branch Line Furthermore, support systems will be found in the facility as well and these systems are listed below: * Package WastewaterTreatment Facility * Electnc System * System For Protection Against Fire * Lighting System * Communication System * Administrative Structures * Service Roads The comprehensive information pertaining to the support systems mentioned above are presented in Section 3.4. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e tj X 5:bL[ CHAPTER 5 Page 50 / 70 Well (No 1) pump metering _ Corrosion protection unit Well (No 5) pump metering _u_ Well (No 4) pump metering . Brine settling a Well (No 6) _ ltank L l l | | l~~~~~eachina ||llll l Rvsn0 Dteon 14.01 2 003en talnkl l tak Figure 5.10 TUGSP Process Flow Chart Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tdle: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date, 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES 0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT j LL[) CHAPTER 5 Page 51/ 70 5.2.1.1 Well Area Units The water required for all activities to be carried out in the content of the proposed project will be provided from the groundwater reserve located in the vicinity of Bezirci Lake. A total of 6 wells, five main and one backup, will be drlled and approximately 134 m3/hour of output is accepted from each well. The water to be withdrawn by the pumps will be collected at 1500 m3 volumed service tank via PE pipes, which are 150 mm in diameter and resistant to 10 Atu pressure and will be transmitted to the surface facilities. Total amount of water demand of the project is 4,993,200 m3/year and this value is below the value 5x106 m3/year, which is permitted by DSI in order to meet the water demand in the scope of the project (see Appendix-C). The pumps will be submersible type. Table 5.10 Characteristics of the Pumps in Wells Well No. Nm(KW) 1 (ACTUAL) 55 2 (ACTUAL) 45 3 (ACTUAL) 45 4 (ACTUAL) 37 5 (ACTUAL) 45 6 (STANDBY) 45 Source: ENVY, 2001 5.2.1.2 Water Distribution Units The sub-units included in the water distribution units are presented below. Clean Water Tank The water to be obtained from the underground reserve will be utilized in domestic use, leaching process and fire fighting. The clean water tank, which will collect the water to be withdrawn from the well area via pumps, will be constructed as reinforced concrete and will have a volume of 1500 m3 for approximately 10 minute waiting period. Clean Water Pump and Filters The water taken out of the clean water tank will be transferred to the surface facilities and will be used as both drinking and usage water and also for leaching and dilution processes. 0 Project: Tuz Goiu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT * 7 LP)[L CHAPTER 5 Page 52 /70 The water needed for leaching and dilution processes will be pumped to the surface facilities via two pumps. Besides, two clean water filters will be placed at the suction part of each pump at the entry of the line. The characteristics of the pumps are given below. Q, = 330 m3/hour Hm = 156 m Nm = 200 kW (two main; a backup was not considered) Drinking and usage water will be pumped to the above ground facilities via two pumps. Moreover, two clean water filters will be placed at the suction part of each pump at the entry of the line. The characteristics of the pumps are presented below. Q = 10Mm3/hour Hm = 156 m Nm = 15 kW (one main, one backup) Injection Unit The water collected in clean water tank will be transmitted to the above ground facilities via the pumps after passing through the filters. The water will be chemically dosed against corrosion with a unit to be placed to the exit of the store prior to reaching the above ground facilities; thus the damage on the equipment and line would be prevented. Clean Water Transmission Line The water taken out of the clean water tank will be transferred to the above ground facilities and will be used as both drinking and usage water and also for leaching and rarefaction processes. The water required for leaching and rarefaction processes will be transmitted to the above ground facilities via a spiral welded steal pipe (SWSP), which will be 400 mm in diameter, approximately 6000 m in length and coated with polyethylene PE internally and externally, whereas a PE pipe having a diameter of 80mm will be used for drinking and usage water. In the construction phase, the electrical resistance of the ground will be measured and if required, measures will be taken in steal pipes against corrosion. 5.2.1.3 Leaching Units The sub-units included in the leaching units are presented below. Filters Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eaCy CHAPTER 5 Page 53 70 Two perforated filters to be placed at the entry of the leaching unit will be used to seize the solid particulates probable to be found in the clean water line and each of these filters will have a capacity of 660 m3/hour. Main Leaching Pumps Two pumps to be used parallelly will provide leaching water to two caverns concurrently and the capacity of these pumps will be 280 m3/hour. The pumps, which will be chosen as speed controlled, will be provided in a way that they will be able to meet the variable leaching water demand. The pumps will be connected to the caverns by means of a manifold and will be furnished with valves as to enable the leaching method to be used directly or indirectly during the leaching process. Blanket Fluid Unit In the course of the creation of caverns in the salt domes, nitrogen gas will be used as blanket fluid and the leaching process will be carried out under control. The nitrogen to be positioned at the upper level of the leachate in the cavern will preclude the erosion that will occur towards the roof in the cavern and will provide that the cavem will be of the appropriate geometry at the end of the leaching process. In addition, the solution level in the cavem will be controlled by nitrogen. The nitrogen, which will be stored in the tanks above ground in low temperature and in liquid phase, will be connected to the cavern area via integrated pipe system and will be pumped to the caverns by pumps. In the course of the leaching process, for every 1 m3 of water to be pumped to the cavem 0.05 m3 of nitrogen is needed and a total of 500,000 m3 of nitrogen gas will be used to open one cavern. (see Section 5.1.7) Brine Balance Tanks The brine solution to be arisen because of the leaching process in the caverns will initially be taken to the solution balance tanks and solid particulates larger than 200 pm will be seized in this tank. The capacity of each tank, which are planned to be four in total, will be 140 m3/hour. The mud taken from the tanks, which will be cleaned manually on specific times, will be collected by mobilize containers and will be disposed at Municipal dump site. 5.2.1.4 Brine Discharge Line 0 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT -av t j [L R CHAPTER 5 Page 54 /70 The brine discharge line will function by means of gravity and will provide the discharge of the brine solution to Tuz Golu, which is the receiving body. The discharge area will be the and/unproductive region of Tuz Golu and is approximately 6000 m to the winter level border of the lake and approximately 7000 m to the arid/unproductive region border. The discharge line, which will be approximately 39 km in length, will manufactured from SWSP that is 500 mm in diameter and coated with PE externally and internally. The pipeline route is designed so as to need minimum structures and have the shortest distance. On the line, there will be release valves, which will be 200 mm in diameter and will be used in maintenance and repair periods, and these valves will enable the discharge of the line to the existing dry creek beds. Besides, the sucker required to be placed on the line will be 100 mm in diameter. The end of the discharge line will be furnished with a diffuser to provide opportunity for the discharge to distribute homogeneously. In this regard, five diffusers having a diameter of 150 mm and one diffuser having a diameter of 230 mm, configured as zigzag holes will be used. The distance between the holes will be 3 m (see Figure 5.6). 5.2.1.5 Natural Gas Branch Line Natural gas branch line will diverge from the Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of the Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line traversing from approximately 19 km north of the project site and will reach up to the cavem area to be created at salt domes. The diameter of line, which is thought to be approximately 19 km, is estimated as 40" (see Appendix-E). 5.2.2 Details on the Natural Gas to be stored The natural gas to be stored at the project site is the gas, which will arrive to Turkey via Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line. The natural gas to be stored will reach to the cavern area, that will be created in the salt domes, through a branching departing from Kayseri-Konya-Seydisehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line traversing from approximately 19 km of the project site (see Figure 1.2). 5.2.3 Amount and Characterstics of Natural Gas, Interaction of Natural Gas with Wall Rock, Market Circumstances of Natural Gas In the scope of the project, it is planned to create a total of 10 caverns, each having around 500,000 m3 of volume, for 10 years through leaching of salt domes, which is a common method worldwide. By this way approximately 42x106 m3 cushion gas will exist Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT E[7PX CHAPTER 5 Page 55 /70 in each cavern and process will be carried out with approximately 70x10P m3 gas, it will be possible to store 70x106 m3 gas in each cavern. Total cushion gas in 10 caverns will be 420x1 06 m3 and the total gas to be taken from network, stored and given back will be 700x106 m3. The pressure and gas usage values to be occurred in the caverns due to the gas storage are given in Table 5.11 and the specifications are presented in Table 5.12. Table 5.11 Pressure and Gas Usage Values in the Caverns Parameter Unit Value Total Gas Volume Job m3 1232 Operated Gas Volume 10b m3 800 Cushion Gas Volume lob m3 432 Maximum Gas Withdraw Rate 1 b m3/day 33 Average Gas Withdraw Rate 10 M3/ day 10-15 Maximum Gas Injection Rate 10b m3/ day 25 Average Gas Injection Rate 10i m3/ day 8-12 Estimated Cavern Depth m 1000-1250 Physical Volume of Cavem m3 500,000 Number of Caverns Number 10 Maximum Pressure on Surface Bar 200 Maximum Pressure in Cavern Bar 220 Minimum Pressure on Surface Bar 73 Minimum Pressure in Cavern Bar 80 Source: Podzemgazprom Limited (PGP), Russia, Preliminary Feasibility Report Table 5.12 Characteristics of Natural Gas to be stored Parameter Value Methane Minimum 82% Ethane Maximum 8.5% Propane Maximum 2% Butane Maximum 1% Pentane and other heavy hydrocarbons Maximum 0.5% Carbon dioxide Maximum 2% Ox'gen Maximum 0.5% Nitrogen Maximum 4% Hydrogen sulphur Maximum 5.10 mg/m3 Merkaptan sulphur Maximum 15.30 mg/m3 Total sulphur Maximum 102.00 mg/m3 Thermal value Minimum 8750 kcal/m3 .__ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ Maximum 10,427 kcal/m3 Outlet pressure of the gas Minimum 40 bar Temperature Minimum OOC Maximum 250C The stored gas will be withdrawn from the cavems to meet the increasing gas demand nationwide especially in winter months and will be given back to Kayser-Konya- Seydisehir section of Eastern Anatolia Natural Gas Main Transmission Line and will be utilized via the national network. Detailed information concerning the natural gas usage in Turkey is presented in Section 1.3.1. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT j CHAPTER 5 Page 56 70 5.2.4 Accommodation and Other Technical/Social Infrastructure Demands of the Personnel Employed During the Operation of Facility In the scope of the project, the number of personnel to be employed in the facility following the termination of the construction of the facilities and commencement of natural gas storage will be 20 employees. The distribution of these personnel is envisaged as follows: * 1 area director * 1 operation director * 1 maintenance I repair director * 7-8 experts (control room) * 7-8 technicians (maintenance I repair, laboratory) * 2 office personnel All workers will be provided from the settlement areas in the vicinity and there will be no accommodation at the project site. The social facilities requisite for the dining and recreation needs of the personnel during lunch will be present. The access of personnel will be provided via services. Under these circumstances, particularly since there will be no workers from distant settlement areas and the majority of the personnel employed during the operation phase will be provided from the nearby community, it is anticipated that the project will not have any serious adverse impact on the social and technical infrastructure services of the settlement areas in the vicinity in its course of operation phase. 5.2.5 Amount and Procurement Condition of the Water to be used, Resources. Amount and .Characterstics of Waste Water, Disposal Methods, Discharae Environments, Impact on Biological Environment and Measures to be taken The amount of water to be used in the activity units and other units (drinking, usage, boiler cooling, fire and similar purposes) and its procurement methods are discussed comprehensively in Section 5.1.1 1. In this context, the water, which will be procured from a total of 6 wells, five main and one backup to be drilled in the vicinity of Bezirci Lake, will be 4,993,200 m3/year in total, namely water need in the cavern (560 m3/hour), water need at the above ground facilities (10 m3/hour), rarefaction water need (100 m3/hour during utmost two weeks annually). This value is below the value 5x10 i m3, which is the annual ground water usage amount that is permitted by DSI. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PL|L) CHAPTER 5 Page 57 / 70 5.2.5.1 The Category and Amount of Domestic Waste Water, Discharge Environments Given that the construction and operation phases of TUGSP will be carried out discretely, there will be maximum 120 personnel employed at the facility. Since no accommodation will be of question on site, the amount of daily wastewater per capita is anticipated to be approximately 70 L/day. Therefore, total amount of wastewater will be maximum 9.1 m3/day. The package wastewater treatment facility having a capacity of 10 m3/day will be used so as to treat the wastewaters. In order not to create mud, which will be in an amount that would result in environmental problems, at the wastewater treatment package facility, biological treatment technique including extended aeration will be preferred. The discharge from the domestic wastewater treatment facility will be realized in compliance with the criteria given in Table 21.2 of Water Pollution Control Regulation (see Table 5.13) and the wastewater discharge values stated in Fishery Products Law numbered 1380 and Regulation on Fishery Products. In this regard, the wastewater discharge will be used for irrigation or will be discharged to Tuz Golu by connecting to the brine water discharge line that will be arisen as a consequence of the leaching process. Table 5.13 Domestic Wastewater Discharge Standards Parameters Discharge Limits 2 Houred Composite Sample 24 Houred Composite Sample BOD5 (mg/L) 50 45 COD (mg/L) 160 110 SPM (mg/L) 60 30 pH 6-9 6-9 *C/ass 2: Pollutant loadis 60-600 kglday as raw BOD, Population=1,000-10,000 5.2.5.2 The Output Calculation Of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facility Given that the amount of daily wastewater per capita will be 70 L and the BOD concentration will be 300 mg/L7, the output of the wastewater treatment facility is calculated as: (300-45) mg/L /(300 mg/L) = 85% 7 This value is an average value, which is accepted generally in domestic wastewaters that are not treated. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 58 /70 Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that the output of the treatment will be 95-98% at an active mud facility, which is well designed, possessing extended aeration. 5.2.5.3 The Category and Amount of Industrial Wastewater, Discharge Environments In the content of TUGSP, no industrial wastewater will be produced during the activities of the facility. However, the disposal of waste oils, which will be resulted from the oil change of the machines and vehicles throughout the operation of the facility, will be Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27.08.1995 and numbered 22387. 5.2.5.4 The Characteristics and Amount of Brine Water, Discharge Environments In the scope of TUGSP, the underground cavems will be formed through the leaching of the salt domes. The brine water, which will arise owing to the leaching process (560 m3/hour), will initially be taken to the brine balance tanks and will be transmitted to the withholding pond following the removal of the solid particulates larger than 200 pm in this tank. The receiving boy of the brine is Tuz Golu. The discharge of the brine solution to Tuz Golu will be provided via discharge line, which will function by means of gravity. The detailed information regarding the discharge line is presented in Section 5.2.1.4. At the termination of project, maximum amount of water to be discharged to the receiving body will be 60x106 m3 (10 year), while maximum amount of water to be given in two years will be 12x`106 m3 (two years). Regarding that water height of 1 m will be observed in the lake and no evaporation will be realized, the area, which the water to be discharged for 10 years will cover, will be A10 = 60 km2 (circle having a radius of 4.5 km). This value is calculated as A2 = 12 km2 (circle having a radius of 2.0 km) for two years. The total surface area of Tuz Golu is 1620 km2 (see Section 4.2.4.2). In this regard, taking the impact of evaporation into consideration, it is obvious that the water to be discharged will not cause a considerable increase in the water level of Tuz Golu. With the purpose of determining the characteristics of brine water, samples were taken from the salt domes at the cavern area that is considered to be constructed (see Figure 5.11). The core having a length of 180 m in total was taken from approximately between the depths 700 and 1500 m from two distinct points, UGS1 (Latitude: 4217547, Longitude: 552496) and UGS2 (Latitude: 4217180, Longitude: 552490), within the area of concem. A part of this core was dissolved in water and the saturated water was analyzed. The results obtained from the analyses carried out by Duzen-Norwest Environmental and Health Services Education and Consulting Company are presented in Table 5.14 (see Appendix-M). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e«LPLXbA CHAPTER 5 Page 59/ 70 Niggle diagram is prepared in order to reveal more evidently if the brine water, which will be obtained in consequence of the leaching process, will possess similar characteristics with the characteristics of Tuz Golu. The diagram of concem has been used for years in basin and irrigational water projects of DSI and drinking water projects of Bank of Provinces in order to determine if distinct waters are of same origin. In this diagram, the anion and cation concentrations in water resources are drawn in one sided logarithmic scale and the anion-cation variations of the waters can be observed. The anion-cation variations of the waters of same origin resembles. V. - Figure 5.11I Core Sampu'e Table 5.14 Results of Core Analysis ________ Parameter UGSI Core UGS2 Core Fe (mg/L) 0.3 0.6 Cu (mg/L) 0.04 0.03 Zn (nngIL) 0.03 0.03 Cr (mg/L) < 0.002 < 0.002 Hg (mgIL) < 0.002 < 0.002 Pb (mg/L) 0.0074 0.0046 Ni (mg/L) < 0.002 0.005 Cd (mg/L) 0.1 0.1 As (mg/L) 0.0095 0.0046 Na (mg/L) 7000 6500 Se (mg/L) 0.0085 0.0098 Mn (mg/L) 0.0024 0.012 Project, Tuz GoLu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 60/70 B (mg/L) 0.9 5.3 Al (mg/L) 0.06 0.3 Li (mg/L) 0 0 Br (mg/L) < 0.02 ' 0.042 F- (mg/L) _ 0.02 _ 0.02 Co (mg/L) 0.0013 0.0022 Total CN- (mg/L) < 0.05 ' 0.05 B04- O-, rn_g (/L) 719 989 Oil and Grease (mg/L) 45 117 Cl- (mg/L) 10_137 8950 Ammonium Nitrogen (mg/L) 0.14 0.14 N03--N (mg/L) 0 0 Total P04- -P (mg/L) 0.49 0.48 Total Dissolved Substance (mg/L) 18,991 17,622 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (mg/L) 1821 19,317 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/L) L 0 Suspended Particle Matter (mg/L) 14.2 114.5 Total Organic Carbon (mg/L) 0 0 Fecal Coliform (EMS/100 mL) 0 0 Total Coliform (EMS/1 00 mL) 0 0 In order to understand whether the brine generated as the result of the leaching operation and the Tuz Golu show similar characteristics in a more clear way, Niggle Diagram is prepared. This diagram has been used for years in the potable water projects of Bank of Provinces and the basin and irrigation projects of SHW in order to determine whether different waters are originating from the same source. In this diagram, the anion and cation concentrations are drawn on single sided logarithmic scales and the anion- cation variations of the waters are observed. The anion-cation varations in the waters having the same source show similarity. Within the scope of Tuz Golu Basin UGNSP, the analysis results of the water sample taken from the Tuz Golu and the analysis results of the salt cores are compared using Niggle diagram. In the diagram, in which the concentrations of the anion and cation (see Figure 5.12), it is ¢ een that the cores and the Tuz Golu anion-cation variations show similarity. In this context, it is possible to reach the result that the water that will be generated as the result of the leaching of the cores and the Tuz Golu have the same source. As a result, discharge of the solution that will start with the leaching of the salt cores to the Tuz Golu will not have an adverse impacton the existing quality of the lake. In addition, as the result of the discharge of the brine that will be produced by these beds which are the continuity of the salt beds under the Tuz Golu and which have the same composition with them, it is estimated that the Lake, which is subject to continuous water loss, will be affected in a positive way. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 61 /70 In addition, it is considered that the discharge of the solution having the same source parameters with the Tuz Golu will not have an adverse impact on the Salt density or Tuz Golu mirror. Furthermore, the parameters in the Annex - 5 and Annex - 6 lists of the Water Products Law and the relevant Regulation numbered 1380 will be complied with. 1,E+05 1,E+04 n,1,E+03- -l--g E c 1,E+02 - ___ __ _____ _._-'- _-..----_- Tuz Golu _ ¢ \ * - UGS 1 core 1,E+01 - U-UGS 2 Core 0 1,E+00 1,E41 1,E-02- - ___ ____ _______________ 1,E-03 - Fe Cu Na Mn Al Fe CN S04 ci Cations and Anions Figure 5.12 Niggle Diagram In a similar project in Germany, no negative impact has been encountered even after the discharge of the leaching waters to a fresh water source (Fulda River) near the facility for years and this gives an idea about the issues mentioned herein above. 5.2.6 Tvyes, Quantities and Chemical Analyses of Fuels, Flare Systems. Emissions, Stack Gas Treatment Systems. Eauioment and Systems to be used for Measurements The fuel to be used to meet the need of 25-30 personnel to be employed in the operation phase of the proposed project will be natural gas. In this respect, the natural gas, which will be withdrawn via branching to be stored underground and which its characteristics are given in Table 5.12, will be used. Due to the fact that the personnel number is relatively small, the natural gas consumption will be maximum 100 m3/day in winter months and 10 m3/day in summer months. These values are lesser than the amount of natural gas used by an apartment with 10 households. In this regard, the emissions resulted from the fuel to be used for the Project- Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 t TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 62 /70 personnel will not exceed the limits stated in Regulation on Prevention of Air Quality. Therefore, regarding the emissions no stack gas treatment system will be required. 5.2.7 Amount and Characteristics of Emissions, Disposal Methods and Measures to be taken to prevent the Gas Leakage During the Operation of Facility In the content of this project, the incidents like gas leakage and fire risk, which can occur due to the facts such as improper design, inappropriate operation, occupational accidents, natural disasters or sabotage, are depicted as "emergency cases" and regarding these cases emergency response plans will be determined. The detailed information regarding the issue is discussed in Section 8.2. 5.2.8 Characteristics and Amount of Solid and/or Hazardous Wastes Durinq the Operation of Facility, Storage and Disposal Methods In the content of the project, the solid wastes to be occurred during the operational activities will be domestic solid wastes to be brought about by 25-30 individuals. The domestic solid wastes will be collected in garbage bags and dumped to the garbage cans in accordance to the "Solid Waste Control Regulation", which is issued in the Official Gazette dated March 14, 1991 and numbered 20814. Approximately 20 personnel will be employed during the operation of the facility. Since there will be no accommodation in the facility, the amount of daily solid waste per capita will be 0.7 kg. It is estimated that the amount of total daily domestic solid waste in the construction phase will be 21 kg utmost. As it is stated in the official letter of the Sultanhani Municipality dated February 18, 2002 and numbered 4/2-41, the domestic solid wastes of concern can be disposed at the dumpsite of the municipality (see Appendix-C). The disposal of the residual oils arisen from the oil change of the machines and vehicles in the course of the operation of the facility of concern will be carried out in compliance with the Hazardous Waste Control Regulation dated 27.08.1995 and numbered 22387 and give to a company licenced by Ministry of Environment. 5.2.9 Vibration, Sources and Level of the Noise During the Operation of Facility and Measures to be taken The main noise sources in the facility are determined as pumps and compressors in the content of TUGSP. In order to minimize the noise impacts to be occurred together with the commissioning of the project, the methods stated below will be employed. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 63 70 * Installation of silencers to the entry and exit of the cooling fans, * Procurement of low noise emanating backup motor, pump and compressors, * Limitation of truck transportation merely with hours of daylight if required. It is planned to limit the activities that generate noise in the course of the operation of the facility with the hours 06:00 a.m.-1 0:00 p.m., which is stated in Noise Control Regulation and is defining the daylight hours. The works will be restricted with the activities generating low noise levels at nights and on official holidays. The noise levels generated from the facility should not exceed the noise disturbance levels in the settlement areas (see Table 5.8) whereas the noise levels at the working areas should not exceed the values given in Table 5.9. In this regard, protective tools and equipment against the noise such as special helmet, earphones or ear plugs will be procured for the workers and therefore, maximum noise levels that the workers can be subject to will not be exceeded. The maintenance works to be carried out in the content of the project will comprise the site maintenance, equipment control, maintenance and change. The maintenance works * will not include activities that emanate noise outside the site and can be experienced by the residential areas. Furthermore, given that the project site is distant from the settlement areas, the vibration to be formed is not accepted to be sensed by the settlement areas located outside the boundanes of the project site. Consequently, it is assumed that the noise and vibration to be generated in the course of the operational activities of TUGSP will not exceed the limits stated in Noise Control Regulation and will not have adverse impacts on the natural environment. 5.2.10 Probable Impacts of the Pipeline and Maintenance-Repair Works of the Pipeline on ExistinQ Infrastructure Facilities The proposed project area and its surroundings are very far from the residential locations (see Figure 2.5). In this context, there is no infrastructure system on the route of the discharge and natural gas branch lines. The sections, where the pipeline intersects the state highway, will be passed with caisson therefore, there will not be any adverse impact on the infrastructure during the maintenance / repair works. 5.2.11 Probable Impacts on Cultural and Natural Heritage and Measures to be taken Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e.ay CHAPTER 5 Page 64 /70 The comprehensive information on the cultural and natural heritage is given in Section 4.2.12. No cultural and natural hertage is present on the project site and its vicinity. In this regard, no adverse impact on the assets of concem is of question due to the operational activities. 5.2.12 Impact of the Existing Traffic on the Proiect In view of the fact that no raw materials will be demanded during the operational activities of the project, the majority of the additional traffic load will be originated from the transportation of personnel and the procurement of spare parts that would be needed occasionally. The traffic of the personnel transportation vehicles of concern will be restricted with the existing connection roads and inner facility roads. The requisite parking lot for the visitors, service vehicles and vehicles pertaining to the personnel will be provided in the facility. The authorities of the facility will prohibit the access of the vehicles to the surrounding fields. In the consequence of these measures, the operational activities will not have an adverse impact on the regional access network. 5.2.13 Risky and Dangerous Activities Regarding the Human Health and Environment During the Operation of Facility Considering the activities in the operation phase of the project, there will be no risky activities exhibiting a particular danger in terms of human health and environment. The equipments to be utilized in the operation phase of the facility will be used by educated personnel. Nevertheless, all measures will be taken concerning the health and occupational safety of the workers to be employed in the facility and the relevant legislation, primarly Worker Health and Occupational Safety Act, will be complied. In addition, an education on the topics listed below will be given to the personnel to be employed in the facility by the senior authorities of the facility and pertinent experts: * Site Security * Environmental Protection * First Aid * Fire Fighting * Health and Occupational Safety * Risk Assessment 5.2.14 Landscape Aspects and Site Reclamations The purpose of realizing site reclamation at the project site by utilizing landscape aspects is to provide the visual screening of the project facilities and to create a Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 65 /70 picturesque environment for the project. In this regard, the vegetative soil to be removed from the surface during the excavation studies is planned to be piled at a convenient section of the construction site and to be used by spreading it to the required places at a time close to the termination of the construction activities. Following the completion of the rough construction works, adequate afforestation studies will be performed within the boundaries of the project site. Flora species convenient to the climate of the region will be used and plans conceming the protection of the present ecologic habitat and nature will be realized at the green areas. The ground cover of the areas where site reclamation studies will be carried out will be of the grass type that is adaptable to the present ecology. The flora species to be used in site reclamation are presented below. Pinus nigra Black Pine Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine Cedrus libani Lebanon Cedar Juniperus sabina Tam Juniper Juniperus excelsa Grecian Juniper Juniperus foetidissima Juniper Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Rosa canina Wild Dog Rose Rosa hemisphaerica Sulphur Rose Elaeagnus angustifolia Oleaster Acer negundo Ashleaf Maple Salix babylonica Weeping Willow Salix caprea Goat Willow Salix alba White Willow Crataegus monogyna Common Hawthorn Fraxinus omus Manna Ash Berberis spp. Barberry species 5.2.15 Other Activities There is no other activity that is required to be discussed in this section. 5.3 Impacts of the Project on Socio-Economic Environment Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 66 /70 In this section of the report, the impacts of the activities accepted to be realized in the content of proposed TUGSP on the socio-economic state of the study area will be assessed. 5.3.1 Income Increases, Employment Opportunities. Demographic Movements, Migrations, Education, Health, Culture, Other Social and Technical Infrastructural Services It is expected that the proposed TUGSP will constitute an economical progress capability for the local residents and will considerably contribute to the national and regional economy. By means of the natural gas to be stored in the scope of TUGSP, a significant reserve will be developed. The probable impacts of the proposed project on the regional and national economy are discussed in detail in the following sections. 5.3.1.1 National Impacts A total of 420 x 106 m3 cushion gas will be stored in 10 caverns that will be opened within the scope of TUGSP project. The amount of the total gas to be taken from the national network and stored and then given back to the network is envisaged to be 700 x 1 06m3. The project is one of the first projects to be applied in Turkey as of its subject which is the storage of natural gas underground and will be a sample for the applications in the future. Providing a balance between the stored natural gas and the gas demand change between the summer and winter months, the supply - demand balance caused by the natural gas utilization in the country will be provided. With the realization of the project, the natural gas supplied from foreign countries will be stored and a reserve will be created for the country and consistency will be provided in the national electricity and heating sources. Furthermore, resource will be provided for continuous energy transmission to the industrial facilities, the number of which is increasing rapidly in our country. 5.3.1.2.1 Regional Impacts The most significant impact of the project of concem will be on income increase. It is foreseen that the majonty of the requisite equipment and services will be procured from the region in site preparation, construction and operation phases. A part of the total project cost will contribute to the regional economy as the fees to be paid for the labour force, accommodation, rental of the equipment, fuel and services provided from the local businesses. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 III~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eIY f LX WA CHAPTER 5 Page 67 /70 Furthermore, it is anticipated that approximately 100 workers will be employed in the construction phase. The expenditure to be made for the daily needs of these workers will have an indirect contribution to the local economy. Together with the commissioning of the facilities in the content of the project, it is planned to employ 20 workers on site permanently. It is expected that the majority of these workers will be comprised of Turkish engineers, technicians and workers and will be provided particularly from the residents in the vicinity. Taking the studies to be carried out prior to the studies concerning the opening of the caverns to store the natural gas into consideration, it is foreseen that the interval of time required for the termination of the project will be 12,5-15 years. Throughout this period, temporary and permanent employment occasions will be granted in the region. The increase in the number of occupations in the region is recognized to be a positive impact on the local economy. The construction and operation activities of TUGSP will create a supplementary demand to the trade and service sectors in the region and therefore will contnbute to the economical progress. Moreover, new occupational opportunities will be revealed in line with the household expenditures and general expenses of the families of the workers and personnel to be employed in the powerhouse; as a result, economy will progress indirectly. 5.3.1.3 Social Services and Infrastructure The demands that occur in the consequence of large scaled projects in general can increase the burden of the existing social service and infrastructure in the region. On the contrary, due to the facts that the number of workers to be employed in the construction phase of the project will not be high and the labour force will be provided from the environs, its impacts on the existing social and technical infrastructure will be of insignificant level. Since the main demands of the construction workers will be provided on the construction site (by providing first aid clinic, canteen, communication opportunities and similar units on site), the workers will not have an adverse impact on the services of the residents. Educational Services Together with the realization of the project, the residents of the district and villages in the vicinity can come to the region in order to work in TUGSP and new jobs. In view of the fact that the maiority of the Personnel to be employed will be comprised of the residents Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT +; t jX LL[ CHAPTER 5 Page 68 /70 of the region, the regional schools and the present literacy profile are not excepted to be impacted. Health Services There will be an infirmary within the boundaries of the facility so as to handle the minor injuries and health problems. In case of serious incidents, the health corporations located in Aksaray Province and its vicinity (particularly Sultanhani, which is the closest settlement area to the facility) will be utilized. However, taking the minor injuries into account, since the health corporations outside the facility will not be applied, no impact is considered on the regional health services. Complying the principles of facility security and occupational health in the construction phase will minimize the probable impacts on regional hospitals. Technical Infrastructure Services Fire Fighting As stated in the preceding sections, the required equipment for fire protection and fire fighting will be present in the proposed TUGSP. Therefore, no adverse impact of the proposed TUGSP is expected on the regional fire brigade services. Water Supplv The water needed in the course of construction and operation of the facilities in the content of TUGSP, will be provided from the groundwater reserve located approximately 6 km northwest of the above ground facilities in the vicinity of Bezirci Lake. The water, which will be withdrawn from a total of six wells, five main and one backup via pumps, will be transmitted to the project site by a transmission line and will be collected in a storage tank. Consequently, in the course of construction and operation of the facilities in the content of TUGSP, no adverse impact will be of question on the regional water supply system. Access The construction acitivities will result in an additional load on the regional transportation network. Given that the impacts of the traffic will be restricted with the connection roads of the above ground facilities, it is accepted that the adverse impacts arisen from the construction activities will be of low level. These impacts will be resulted from the access of the personnel and the transportation of equipments and supplies. The connection road will be built in a way to endure the maximum traffic load expected to occur during construction. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14-01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e m vy CHAPTER 5 Page 69/70 By means of taking the control measures determined by the General Directorate of Highways and local administrations and providing the appropriate traffic order, the disruptions in the traffic flow will be minimized. In the course of operation activities, the most of the additional traffic load will be originated from the transportation of personnel and the procurement of supplies with trucks intermittently. The requisite parking lot for the visitors, service vehicles and vehicles pertaining to the personnel will be provided in the facility. Consequently, the activities will not have an adverse impact, which is significant and long termed, on the regional access network. The telephone system requisite for the facilities proposed in the content of TUGSP will be provided by General Directorate of Turk Telekom. Durng the operation of the central, no significant adverse impact is expected to occur on the infrastructure of the present telephone services. 5.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis In general, the social environmental comprise of the factors, which are defined with socio-economic parameters and related with the humans. The quantification of tehse factors will be realized by empirical social research methods. However, these quantification chteria can change from country to country and from individual to individual, as well. Therefore, it is very hard to evaluate the human health and environmental values in line with the benefit-cost analysis. Nevertheless, it is possible to express the main benefits and costs of the proposed project qualitatively (see table 5.15). Considering the economic and social impacts that the proposed TUGSP will bring out, it is comprehended that the project will have a positive impact on the region. Table 5.15 Major Benefits and Costs of the Proposed TUGSP Major Benefits Major Costs To constitute a model as it is the first project to be put Loss of rainfed agricultural areas which are into practice regarding its theme pasture and thicket presently To provide the supply-demand balance (summer- Decline in the number of the individuals located on winter difference) resulting from the natural gas site, of the flora species in the region in the usage construction phase To constitute a large natural gas reserve for the Acceptable increases in the local SO2, NO., PM country and CO concentrations Steadiness to be provided in national electric and Limited adverse impacts on social services and heating sources infrastructure To procure steady and constant energy to local Visual impacts industries Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 5 Page 70 /70 To provide a source for the transmission of healthy Temporary increase in local truck and bus traffic and constant energy to industrial facilities Indirect impacts such as the increase in local employment opportunities 5.3.2.1 Impacts on Land Use The area, on which the surface facilities will be constructed within the scope of Salt Lake Basin UGNSP, is being used as an area where the animals are accommodated and fed between April - October. The utilization type of the land is pasture and bush area. The region is surrounded with this type of land; therefore the project is not expected to have a negative impact on the land use. 5.3.2.2 Impacts on Biophysical Environment The probability of occurrence of adverse impacts on plant and animals, as on humans, concerning the soil contamination and noise disturbance that will be probable to bring about in the construction phase of the project will be minimized by means of the measures given in the relevant sections of the EIA report (see Section 5.1 and Section 5.2). As it is clarified in the sections of concern, since the site of the facility to be constructed is not a forestry area, no environmental cost is expected to arise concerning the forestry areas. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No-: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 Page 1/ 3 6 PROBABLE AND PERSISTENT IMPACTS FOLLOWING DECOMMISSIONING AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN The lifetime of the facilities to be constructed in the scope of the proposed TUGSP will be at least 50 years in compliance with the termination of the gas storage activities. In a similar way, the life of the discharge and branch lines is estimated to be 40 years approximately. At the end of this period, the maintenance of the pipelines will be carried out. In this section of the report, various site restoration and recreation studies to be carried out after the termination of the operational activities of TUGSP and the probable permanent impacts to be occurred by TUGSP at the present stage are discussed. After the operational activities will be concluded, the probable impacts to occur regarding the water, air and soil qualities and the measures to be taken to minimize these impacts are presented in the following paragraphs. 6.1 Site Restoration In case the utilization periods of the surface facilities and pipelines are expired, the following activities will be carried out: * All surface facilities will be disassembled. * All used areas will be cleaned of obstructions posing danger * The caverns, from which all of the stored gas is drawn, will be left being filled with water. Against any crashing possibility, the caverns will be closed in filled condition and the entrance of them will be filled with tapping material and concreted (see figure 6.1). * The left pipelines will be filled and sealed. * All pits, arcs and other surface hollows that are created as the result of disassembly of the surface facilities will be filled. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 140.10.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 6 Page 2 /3 Figure 6.1 Schematic Projection of Abandoned Cavern in the Salt Formation 6.2 Rehabilitation Studies The proposed TUGSP is not a project, which the activities will be ceased. Therefore, no rehabilitation study is required. In case of the termination of the activities due to any reason, the recreational studies will be commenced at the project site immediately after the filling up and leveling of the site within the content of a determined landscape program. The site will be afforested in compliance with the surrounding vegetation. 6.3 Impacts to the Present Water Resources The site restoration and recreation studies will be planned in a manner to prevent the accumulation of the water on the ground which is restorated. In that content, regarding the decommisioning and site restoration studies, no adverse impact will be brought about on the quality of groundwater and surface waters. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 140.10.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES i ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eH|J CHAPTER 6 Page 3 3 Furthermore, in case of the ceasement of the project activities, no waste water or similar discharge resulting from the project facilities will be performed. Given these conditions, the termination of the activities of TUGSP project will not adversely impact the present water resources. 6.4 Probable Air Emissions No air emission to the atmosphere will be realized during or following the decommissioning phase. At the decommissioning phase, the reafforestation of the project site will prevent the wind erosion and hence the dust emissions. Given these conditions, the termination of the activities of of the facilities to be constructed in the conten of TUGSP project will not adversely impact the air quality. 6.5 Other Aspects Following the decommissioning, the restoration activities will be commenced. The aim is to reinstate the site according to the condition previous to the construction of the facility. The restoration studies to be realized in the content of the project are presented in the preceding sections. In that context, the project will have no adverse impact on the soil quality following the decommissioning phase. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No. CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 140.10.2003 l I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT f Y7 CHAPTER 8 Page 1/ 11 8 MONITORING PROGRAM AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 8.1 Monitoring Program Proposed for the Construction, Operation and Post-Operation of the Activity TUGSP environmental monitorng program is dependent upon the environmental resources and the impact level from the adverseness that can be arisen from the proposed project. With the intention of controlling the compliance of the activities to be carried out in construction, operation and post-operation phases of the project of concern to the national environmental legislation, expert environmental consultants from distinct disciplines will regulate all processes and equipment. The proposed monitoring approach involves three major topics, namely i) monitoring program in the design and construction phase, ii) monitoring program in the operation phase, ve iii) occupational health and safety. The recommendations about worker health and safety are included in the monitoring program proposed for the mentioned construction and operation stages. The timing table, in which the construction and operation stages of the project are shown, is given in Table 8.1. 8.1.1 Monitorinq Program in Construction Phase In order to minimize the impacts on the environment, it is required to carry out the site works in compliance with the relevant regulations and acts and to supervise these works periodically by an expert environment team established by the govemorship throughout the construction period from the beginning of the first stages of the construction activities of the project. In the course of the environmental supervision to be realized in the construction phase, construction sites, workers' camps, supplies depots and equipments shall be controlled. The water quality monitoring is included in the monitoring program in the construction phase in cases where the construction sites are in close proximity to aquatic environments. In the content of TUGSP, the sites where the construction and infrastructure works will be carried out are not located in the vicinity of aquatic environments. However, the solution to be emanated at the end of the leaching of salt domes will be discharged to Tuz Golu. In that content, by considering the core analysis, heavy metal analysis will be realized montly at the waste water of concern and Tuz Golu. In the course of the excavation works, the vegetative soil (10 cm) and other normal soil will be removed separately and will be stored in convenient areas. Following the Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ttX WL R CHAPTER 8 Page2/ 11 termination of construction, the stored soil could be utilized for landscape in the scope of site restoration studies. Table 8.1 Project Timing Table Work Item Project development Work commencement Tender stage Detailed Engineering Studies for the wells Drilling of the wells no 1 and 2 Drilling of the wells no 3 and 4 Drilling of the wells no 5 and 6 Drilling of the wells no 7 and 8 Drilling of the wells no 9 and 10 Leaching station engineering works Leaching station and other construction activities Leaching activities of the wells no 1 and 2 Leaching activities of the wells no 3 and 4 Leaching activities of the wells no 5 and 6 Leaching activities of the wells no 7 and 8 Leaching activities of the wells no 9 and 10 Gas station detailed engineering and (Phase 1) Gas station construction activities (Phase 1) Gas Injection to the wells no 1 and 2 Gas Injection to the wells no 3 and 4 Gas station detailed engineering and (Phase 2) Gas station construction activities (Phase 2) Gas Injection to the wells no 5 and 6 with gas Gas Injection to the wells no 7 and 8 with gas Gas Injection to the wells no 9 and 10 with gas Starting the operation of wells no 1 and 2 Starting the operation of wells no 3 and 4 Starting the operation of wells no 5 and 6 Starting the operation of wells no 7 and 8 Starting the operation of wells no 9 and 10 The vehicles to be used in the construction phase will be chosen in a way to minimize the impacts resulted from noise. Moreover, so as to control the performance of the construction equipment on site, the equipment will be supervised monthly. Again monthly, noise level measurement program will be employed at the project site and the nearest resettlement area. The results of the measurements will be kept at the Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT : ^ CHAPTER 8 Page 3 /11 construction site and by the project holder and will be displayed when requested from the authorities. In the course of the construction phase of TUGSP project, the risks to be arisen concerning the human health and safety are pertinent to the accidents that are probable to be encountered at these types of construction works. In that context, the contracting company that would carry out the construction activities will make use of their own information and experience and moreover the safety rules' that are accepted globally so as to provide a secure site for all workers and safety of excavation, scaffold and heavy vehicles (such as cranes, etc.). Waming signs will be placed against the probable occupational accidents, the required security equipment of the workers will be procured and the relevant articles of "Rules and Regulation for Occupational Health and Safety" will be complied, the entrance and exit of the construction site will be under control. Furthermore, the protection precautions necessary for minimizing the potential environmental pollution risks will be taken. In order to calculate the earthquake danger in the project area both statistical and deterministic methods are used (see Annex - G). Maximum gravity values exceeding 10% and 2% probability value at hard soil level are calculated by using the attenuation relations (absorption of earthquake waves in the ground) proposed by Boore et al (1997), Campbell (1997) and Sadigh et al (1997). The results are given in table 8.2 Table 8.2 Maximum Gravities with Probabilities obtained for the project site Probability values in 50 years Attenuation curve 10% 2% Joyner and Boore 0.14 g 0.24 g (1997) 0.16 g 0.31 g Campbell (1997) 0.20 g 0.38 g Sadigh et al (1997) 0.17 g 0.31 g Arithmetical mean of PGA Two critical earthquakes are determined for the project area using deterministic approach. First of them is the Salt Lake fault, which is the closest known fault; the earthquake that has a magnitude of 7.5 is assumed to develop on this fault at a distance of 50 km to the project area depending on the reverse fault. Second, taking into account the historical realities showing that in-plate earthquakes having 6.5 magnitudes may develop in any part of Anatolia such as Kir§ehir event on 19.4.1938, it is decided to place the epicenter of a 6.5 magnitude earthquake to a distance of 5 km from the project site. Maximum gravity and maximum displacement is These rules are determined by acts and regulations like Rules and Regulation for Occupational Health and Safety (Official Gazette dated 12. 91974 and numbered 150041. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12-0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 8 Page 4/ 11 calculated for these two earthquakes. The results obtained are given in Table 8.3 and Table 8.4 respectively. Table 8.3 Deterministic maximum gravities obtained for the project site Deterministic event Attenuation curve M =7.5 (at 50km) M6.5 at5km Joyner and Boore 0.10 g 0.24 g (1997) 0.08 g 0.42 g Campbell (1997) 0.12 g 0.29 g Sadigh et al (1997) 0.10 g 0.31 g Arithmetical mean of P G A_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Table 8.4 Deterministic Maximum Displacements Obtained for the Project Site (Gregor 1995 attenuation relation) Deterministic event Attenuation M = 7.5 (at 50 km) M= 6.5 (at 5 km) curve Horizontal 7.8 cm 7.9 cm Vertical 3.1 cm 4.7 cm As a result, the project area is at one of the least seismic, most consistent regions of Anatolia. However, the seismic history of Turkey shows evidences that unexpected earthquakes with 6.5 magnitude may be seen in any part of Turkey. For this reason, in terms of the results of such a variable event, taking a "long" period seismic danger in the region would be a better approach. In the long term (average return period in 5000 year order) assessment, PGA will be about 0.3. In the short term assessment (that is 500 year return period) PGA will have 0.17 g value. In this context, in the design of the facilities within the project area, the magnitude of the earthquake that is estimated to occur in case of the worst-case scenario is taken into consideration. By this way, in case of an earthquake, any kind of precautions related with the surface facilities are taken. In addition, the works carried out in the project area show that the caverns that will be constructed 700 m below the surface will not be affected from any earthquake activity. However, there will be safety valves along the line that starts from the surface and goes down to the cavern entrance will be provided at different depths. These valves will be automatically closed not only during an earthquake but also in all extraordinary conditions. 8.1.2 Monitoring Program in Operation Phase Prolect: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER8 Page 5/ 11 The monitoring program to be carded out in the scope of TUGSP project is compulsory to provide the environmental safety and preserve the validity of the obtained permissions. The water intake and wastewater discharges, which are subjected to monitoring, will be realized in compliance to the standards in Water Pollution Control Regulation. Furthermore, the criteria stated in Regulation and Law on Fishery Products numbered 1380 will be fulfilled. All monitoring studies will be realized in line with the standard techniques proposed by the Ministry of Environment. The monitoring studies will be performed with equipments which their calibration, operation and maintenance will be made in accordance with the instructions of the supplier company. The analyses, which cannot be executed with an apparatus set up on site and portable equipment, will be realized at an authorzed laboratory. The measurements in the operation phase of the project will be the continuity of the monitoring activities carried out in construction phase. All data obtained during the monitoring studies will be reported to the Ministry of Environment or Provincial Directorate of Environment. 8.1.3 Monitorina Program in Post-ODeration Phase Following the termination of the operation phase of the project, the surface water quality of Tuz Golu will be pursued for one year. Thus, seasonal water samples will be taken and analyzed and Provincial Directorate of Environment. 8.2 Emergency Response Plans Within the content of this project, the events like gas leakage and fire risk, which can occur due to the facts such as improper design, inappropriate operation, occupational accidents, natural disasters or sabotage, are depicted as "emergency cases" and regarding these cases emergency response plans will be determined. Within this scope, after the start of activity of the proposed project, an Emergency Plan will be prepared and submitted to the Environment Provincial Directorate in line with the matters included in the Notification on Emergency Plan in case of Big Industrial Accidents numbered 2074 - 4906 and dated July 29th 1996. This emergency plan will include the operations to be performed taking into account the possibility of C02 gas emission during the drilling activities. Is Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 8 Page 6/ 11 8.2.1 General Structure of Emergency Response Plans The main purpose of emergency response plans is to define the activities required to be realized for alarm, danger zones, rescue, release and normalization in dangerous incidents and accidents. Gas sources possess some risks of their own. These risks can be related to technical failures and can also result from human mistakes or other exterior factors. Therefore, the preparation of an efficient emergency plan is significant. The important issues regarding the topic are to realize an immediate response to the emergencies and to provide well- educated personnel to be assigned in the minimization and control of the impacts. Furthermore, the duties and liabilities of the personnel should be determined explicitly in the emergency response plans. The emergency response plan to be carried out for the project of concern shall be ready constantly for immediate response and control in case of emergency. The plan to be implemented in the operation phase will consist of education, emergency practices, personnel qualification and task definitions. The emergency response plans are prepared in an adaptable manner in order to utilize the common global methods and by taking the importance of timing into consideration. The reasons of the preparation of emergency response plans can be listed as follows: * Secure life, * Secure environment, * Secure and permanent opportunities. Although there are no detailed instructions in emergency response plans for every emergency, the liabilities and duties can be determined for each situation. In this regard, the duty of each personnel is stated individually in emergency response plans. 8.2.2 Main Sections of Emergencv Response Plans In coordination with BOTA,, the contracting company will inform the relevant governorships, police stations and municipalities with an official letter prior to the commencement of natural gas storage in the caverns, will send its emergency response plans and will make the required attempts for cooperation to be carried out in case of emergencies. The issues to be included in the emergency response plans can be summarized as follows: Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT * CHAPTER 8 Page 7/11 In case of emergencies, all required tools and instruments (4x4 safety vehicles, pickaxe, shovel, special gloves, etc.) and their storage places and conditions will be determined. * The way that the heavy vehicles like shovel, bulldozer would respond in case of any emergency wilt be previously planned and the parking lots and maintenance programs of these vehicles will be selected by taking this issue into account. * The individuals to be involved in emergency response teams and the manner that these teams will carry out their duties will be stated clearly. * The education and application programs of the emergency response teams and the key personnel will be determined; the in-house education programs will be carried on without delay. * The periodic examination and maintenance programs of all equipment in the emeregency response list will be prepared and these programs will be put into practice precisely. * Required evacuation plan and roads for situations that are probably to bring about danger (e.g. flood, landslide, etc.) will be pre-determined (for the workers and even for the residents in the vicinity). * The prepared emergency response plans will be developed by testing and controlling with continous practices. 8.2.3 Measures to be taken Against Fires on the Pipelines When a fire breaks out on the pipelines and after the alarm is given, the problem will be tried to be avoided immediately by utilizing the fire fighting resources, which are ready to use at certain locations in the content of emergency response plan. The following issues that are proposed in the emergency response plans to be prepared will be implemented: * The closest security and fire brigade units (e.g. gendarme) will be informed. * It will be controlled whether the valves, which are not in the scope of the proposed TUGSP, shut down the line automatically. * The safety of the environment will be provided by the emergency response team and relevant units (e.g. gendarme). The extinguisher teams will fight with fire instantaneously. The maintenance and repair of the line will be carried out through the week following the extinguishment of fire. 8.2.4 Measures to be taken Against Fires in the Caverns Due to the fact that the cavems are located approximately 1000 m deep under the surface, no fire possibility is of consideration at these locations. Moreover, nitrogen will Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT j CHAPTER 8 Page 8 11 be used as blanket gas against the leakage risk. In this regard, required measures are taken against the probable leakages. 8.2.5 Measures to be taken In Case of Accident and Sabotace Against any accident and sabotage possibility that can take place within the content of the proposed TUGSP, pipelines and caverns will be taken under control regularly throughout the operation phase. The parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate will be monitored continuously at certain locations on the line and the caverns and abnormal conditions will be reported to the authorities. As a consequence required responses will be realized promptly. In case of an extraordinary situation, the line valves susceptible to pressure will be shut down automatically. In accordance with the results of the drilling activities carried out during engineering works and the results obtained from the geological surveys, there is no possibility of hydrogen sulfur (H2S) gas emission. The reason of this is that the drilling will be made in rock salt and no H2S gas emission is expected from the salt formation. In this case, which is generally encountered in case of gas and petroleum search drilling operations, the following equipment are added to the dilling tower: . H2S separator *Automatic burning H2S flame . H2S detector at different places of the drilling instrument . Equipment preventing explosion (suitable for H2S) . Grade E or CE drilling pipe (suitable for H2S) . Oxygen masks and first aid equipment at the surface In case of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission during the drilling activities, it is not necessary to make an addition to the drilling instrument. In this case, COQ gas must be taken out of the drilling area in a controlled way. During the storage of the natural gas, special importance will be paid to the breaks and cracks in the formation, any kind of precautions related with the subject will be taken and the necessary operations will be performed. 8.3 Environmental Risk Analysis 8.3.1 Determination of Risks Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT * CHAPTER 8 Page 9/11 Among the environmental risks that may occur within the scope of Salt Lake Basing UNGSP, the priority belongs to the natural gas, which is the storage matenal. Within this scope, because of the flammable and explosive characteristics of the natural gas, the pipelines used in the transportation of the natural gas have special importance. Another risk is the C02 gas that may be emitted from underground during the drilling activities. This gas has also a danger of explosion while getting to the surface. The natural gas that will be stored within the scope of Salt Lake Basin UNGSP includes approximately 98% methane gas. Although methane gas has no known toxic characteristic, it decreases the level of oxygen in the respirated air. The natural gas, which is lighter than air takes an inflammability feature as the result of mixing with air (in 5 - 15% ratio). In this case, natural gas has different danger levels in open and closed environments. In the open areas, in case of leakages caused by the breaks on the pipe lines or manifolds, the ignition of the natural gas and the fire effects that may occur as the result of this condition and the health effects or fire effects that will be created by the natural gas cloud that is accumulated in the building as the result of pipe breaking may be different. Explosions may take place in case of exit of C02 gas that is accumulated in the formations under ground during the drilling activities. But such cases can be noticed _ beforehand in general and is discharged from the formation in a controlled way. In this context, in order to balance the pressure of the gas that will exit, drilling mud is made denser. As a result, the biggest danger that can occur within the scope of Salt Lake Basin UNGSP is the ignition of the natural gas transmitted with big pipes. 8.3.2 Environmental Risk Analysis, Impacts and Assessment As indicated in the "Northern Marmara and Degirmenkoy Areas Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Environmental Impact Assessment" Report prepared by TPAO, the worst condition that can be caused by natural gas in the open area is the corrosion crack on the pipe lines carrying the natural gas or full pipe break. In such a case, in case the natural gas spread in the atmosphere is ignited, one of the following conditions can be met in the worst-case scenario: . Sudden ignition of the leaking gas before the formation of the gas cloud or delayed ignition (et flame) Rapid ignition of the accumulated gas cloud without distribution (flame ball) Small burning of the gas cloud (inflammation fire). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tdle Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - X - CHAPTER 8 Page 10/ 11 In the same report, it is indicated that the worst condition in the closed area is natural gas leakage in the compressor room and ignition and explosion of the accumulated gas cloud. In the assessment of natural gas risk effects and assessment of these effects, the report prepared by TPAO and indicated herein above is used. In accordance with this, the jet flame that may occur in the open area, flame ball or inflammation fire impacts may be overheat impacts (injury and death) and the effect of the burning products of the natural gas on the air quality. In case no ignition occurs, only gas leakage will be seen and this will result in product loss. In case of explosion of the accumulated gas in closed areas as the result of leakage, over pressure effects can be seen (injury and death). In case no ignition occurs, health effects caused by gas accumulation in the closed area will be seen. Risk Factors That May be Caused by Natural Gas Overheat Impacts In relation with the environmental impacts that can be created as the result of the jet flame, flame ball and inflammation, TPAO report makes the definitions in Table 8.5. Table 8.5 Overheat effects Type of Damage criteria accident Jet flame - 4 kW /m4 - 1250 BTU / h / ft2: Most fatal danger for the population (being subject to for > 1 min) - 12.5 kW/m2 - 3900 BTU /hl f2: Ignition of wooden and plastic materials, in case of very long period of subjection (some 10 minutes) ignition of process equipment - 37,5 kW /m2 - 11700 BTU /h/ft2: Immediate death, 10 min (jet flame) 20 min (pool fire) process equipment crashing Flame ball 22 kW/m2: average 1% death ratio with 10 - 20 second fire ball period Inflammation Low inflammation limit concentration 5%; Fatal in case of 100% fire Reference: Northern Marmara and Degirmenk6y Areas Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Environmental Effect Assessment TPAO, October 2002, Ankara As indicated in the report, as the result of the calculations made, "distance with minimum fatal risk for population is determined to be 72 - 400 m. as indicated in section 2, the closest plateau to the surface facilities is at a distance of 1100 m. in this context, it is envisaged that the residential locations near the project area will not be affected by the overheat caused by natural gas fires. Impacts on Air Quality Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 08-04-2002 I j.I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT * CHAPTER 8 Page 11/11 In case of a full break on the line with 24" diameter on the pipelines carrying natural gas, approximately 480 kg / second natural gas leakage occurs (TPAO, 2002). In case of burning of this gas, the polluters that will be spread to the atmosphere will be nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). Assuming that Marmara Eregli and Sultanhani Region may have similar topographic structure (low slope) and meteorologic conditions (high wind speed), the result that the emissions that will be caused by the natural gas fire will not have an important negative effect on the surface level can be obtained (TPAO, 2002) Health Impacts Natural gas does not have any known chronic health effect and does not have any toxic and carcinogenic feature. In addition to this, in case of contact of the gas with eye and skin, it does not have any known health effect (TPAO, 2002). But in case of leakage of natural gas in closed areas, oxygen level decreases. This case makes respiration difficult. In this context, in case natural gas leakage is determined in closed environments, the environment will be immediately ventilated. Excessive Pressure ImDacts In case of mixture of natural gas having inflammable characteristics with air in 5-15% ratio it has an explosive effect (TPAO, 2002). In this case, in order to prevent the accumulation of the natural gas in closed areas in any case, the environment will be immediately ventilated. In addition, the natural gas leakages that are determined using sensors and detectors will be notified to the personnel immediately through the use of alarms. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 08-04-2002 I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT §ej X) [ CHAPTER 9 Page 1 14 9 RESULTS 9.1 Brief Definition of the Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project (TUGSP) is planned to be realized about 17 km south of Sultanhani Municipality of the Central District of Aksaray Province by Petroleum Pipeline Corporation (BOTAS) (see Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2). Proposed project site is located in the south of Tuz Golu and the closest distance between the site and the lake is approximately 40 km. The objective of TUGSP is to meet the seasonal fluctuations to be occurred in the future depending on the increase in residential natural gas demand. In that content, it is planned to store natural gas between the salt layers, located at a depth of approximately 1000 m. Within the content of the project the construction and operation phases will be carried out simultaneously and the completion of the construction phase is expected to be approximately 12,5-15 years. The economic lifetime of the project is at least 50 years. In order to survey the seismic characterstics of the region, seismic studies, which began in November of the year 2000, were carried out within an area of about 80 km2 (see Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3). The site determined for TUGSP was chosen within this study area and its location is shown in Figure 1.2. 9.2 Baseline Assessment Present environmental resources within the project site are assessed by the site investigations performed by the project team. In this context, comprehensive site studies were realized to determine the local air, water and soil quality and the biological resources. With the intention of assessing the socio-economical condition, when the existing data io not detailed enough, the conversations carried out with the residents and authorities of the region are utilized. The results listed below are obtained regarding the present environmental characteristics within the site selected for TUGSP: According to the results obtained from the studies carried out to determine the air quality, there is no significant emission resource in the region proposed for TUGSP and its vicinity. Due to the fact that the region is a rural area, the present air quality is composed of emissions emitted from the heating purposed sources (e.g. coal) and the soil. There are pollution sources (e.g. stack) in Sultanhani, which result from the indigenous coal (see Section 4.2.18.1). The project site is not affected by the air * pollution since it is far from the settlement area. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT | [y CHAPTER 9 Page 2 /4 The general characteristics of the soils at the project site, the distribution of major soil groups, land utilization pattern, slope and erosion levels are surveyed (see Section 4.2.10). Accordingly, the lands of the project site are presently of Ill. Class, which are lands with dry agriculture (fallowing), pasture and shrub. * In the course of the water quality-monitoring program, samples are taken from various surface and ground water resources and surveyed (see Section 4.2.18.2 and Section 4.2.18.3). Accordingly, surface waters are "very contaminated waters"; while ground water is "low quality ground water" and "useable water". * So as to establish an inventory of flora in the project site, a detailed study is realized in the region (see Section 4.2.14.2). The flora inventory of the region is given in Appendix-J comprehensively and in detail. In this section, lichen species, which are indicator particularly in terms of air quality, are listed. The most important seedless flora species at the project site and its vicinity are lichens and mosses. In that content, Gnmnia trichophlla and Tortula pulvinata are the most encountered species in the region. * There are five amphibian species in the impact area and these species are listed in Appendix-K (see Section 4.2.14.3). * As indicated by the surveys carried out, a total of 85 endemic and/or rare species are determined. Accordingly, the ratio of the endemic species at the site to the endemic species in the region is 18%. This ratio is below 30%, which is the average of Turkey (see Section 4.2.14.4). * The socio-economic structure of the region is surveyed in detail (see Section 4.3). In terms of socio-economic indicators, although Aksaray Province is convenient for agriculture and stockbreeding, in recent years significant developments have been accomplished in industry. * Areas, which possess significance owing to various reasons (ecology, history, natural beauties, etc.), are declared as protection areas through laws that are in force in our country. In accordance with the site and literature surveys, the protection areas located in the project site and its vicinity surveyed within the content of proposed TUGSP are presented in Section 4.2.10. * Aksaray Province is expedient for access by means of its geographical location and its ;andscape. It is feasible to access to the province via highway. However, there is no railroad link of Aksaray Province to the other provinces. E-90 highway and Konya-Kayseri highway are traversing through Aksaray Province. The total length of the roads is 468 km, where the length of state highways is 191 km while the provincial roads is 277 km (see Section 4.3.8.2). Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14.01 .2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ;E [P)N CHAPTER 9 Page 3/ 4 9.3 Environmental Impacts of the Project The probable environmental impacts and measures to be taken to minimize these impacts are discussed in Section 5 in detail. The outline of the evaluation of the significant biophysical and socio-economical impacts that are probable to arise owing to the proposed TUGSP is presented in the following paragraphs. 9.3.1 ImDacts on Water Qualitv By virtue of the measures to be taken in construction and operation phases, it is not a matter of concern that the proposed project would have permanent adverse impacts on water quality (see Section 5.1.15 and Section 5.2.5). 9.3.2 Impacts on Air Quality There will be dust emissions resulting from the soil stripping, excavation and transportation in construction phase. However, their impacts on local air quality will be of minimal level. In the course of daily construction activities, total dust emission will be 1.38 kg/hour. Under these conditions, no modeling study is required to be carried out in accordance to the provisions of Appendix-2 of Regulation on Prevention of Air Quality and in case if proposed minimization procedures would be applied meticulously, the impact of the dust to be arisen during the construction activities will be at acceptable levels (see Section 5.1.8). No dust emissions will be of concern in operation phase. 9.3.3 Terrestrial Impacts Taking the biophysical impacts (air, water, etc. quality), which are discussed in the relevant sections of the project, and the control methods into consideration, excluding the area to be impacted from the construction activities, the operational activities of the proposed project will not have adverse impact on vegetation and soil quality within the project site. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ek AV a 0EP CHAPTER 9 Page 4/ 4 9.3.4 Noise Impacts The noise level that will be brought about by the construction and operation activities of TUGSP will be at acceptable levels both in daytime and nighttime in accordance to the Noise Control Regulation (see Section 5.1.16 and Section 5.2.9). 9.4 General Assessment In general, the proposed natural gas storage project has three significant characteristics in terms of environmental impacts: (i) the proposed project's peculiar characteristics such as site and technology selection, (ii) impact assessment study realized for proposed storage area and (iii) operation and monitoring studies carried out by all relevant institutions and entities throughout the activity period. In order to determine the probable impacts of the design proposed in terms of EIA and the related control methods, detailed site investigations and model estimations were utilized, all probable alternatives were scrutinized, thus it was taken pains to implement the scientific and legal requirements of an EIA study that is fitting to the purpose. Consequent to the above discussions, no permanent environmental impacts and damages are expected regarding the TUGSP activities with the stipulation that the proposed control methods are implemented properly. Consequently, in case if required consideration will be provided to the measures to be taken against the probable adverse environmental impacts in the course of the realization of the project, the adverse impacts of the activity will not reach up to high levels and the limits determined by the relevant regulation and acts will not be exceeded. During construction and operation stages, the activities will be followed by providing an information flow and coordination between State Hydraulic Works General Directorate, Special Environmental F'rotection Institution Presidency, Provincial Health Directorate, Provincial Environment and Forestry Directorate and BOTA,. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 I,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e a|y APPENDIX-A APPENDIX - A EIA REPORT FORMAT Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE FACILITY EIA REPORT FORMAT Cover Page: Name, address, telephone, fax number of project owner:................................... Name, address, telephone, fax number of the company who had prepared the report: Qualification certificate no and date of the firm preparing the report: .................. Nam e of the project:........................................................................................... Preparation date of the project: .......................................................................... Name of the area, location and if within more than one provinces or distrcts, name of the defining region selected for the project:.................................................................... List of Contents Section I: Project Description And Objectives (Project description, life, means of service, markets or service area of the project, its importance and necessity within this area with respect to the economic and social aspects of the country, region and/or province) Section II: Location of the Project Site 11.1. Site Selection (Representation of the location of activity and the pipeline route, which their uprightness is approved by associated Governorship or Municipality, on Approved Environmental Master Plan which includes legand and plan notes or on Master Plan if it is within the borders of such plan and if these plans are not present, on the existing land use plan together with their coordinates and the representation of the pipeline route on 1/25,000 scaled map) 11.2. The Location of the Activity Units In the Content of the Project (Representation of the locations within the project site of all administrative and social units, technical infrastructure units and if present, other units of the project - pipeline route to be constituted, compressor station, cavems, injection and withdraw wells, etc. - on the Application Plan, size of the outdoor and indoor areas allocated for these activities, flat numbers and heights of the buildings) Section III: Economic And Social Aspects Of The Project 111.1. Investment Program and Finance Sources Concerning The Realization Of The Project 111.2. Work Flow Chart or Time Table Concerning The Realization Of The Project 111.3. The Benefit-Cost Analysis Of The Project 111.4. Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Activities Not Found In The Content Of The Project But Planned To Be Realized By Investor Firm Or Other Firms Depending On The Realization Of The Project 111.5. Other Economic, Social and Infrastructure Activities Not Found In The Content Of The Project But Needed for The Realization Of The Project and Planned To Be Realized By Investor Firm Or Other Firms 111.6. Other Issues Section IV: Determination Of The Project Impact Area And Explanation Of The Present Environmental Baseline Of The Area (1) IV.1. Determination of the Project Impact Area (pipeline route to be laid and compressor station will be also taken into consideration) IV.1.1. Determination of the baseline pollution load in terms of air, water (surface and ground waters), soil and noise of the pipeline, compressor station and storage facility location and impact area IV.2. Characteristics Of Physical and Biological Environment and Utilization Of The Natural Resources IV.2.1. Meteorological and Climatic Characteristics IV.2.2. Geological Characteristics (Physical-chemical features, tectonic movements, mineral resources, landslide, unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall, etc.) a) Regional geology (related cross sections and maps) b) Geology of the project site (related cross sections and maps) IV.2.3. Hydrogeological Characteristics of Ground and Thermal Water Resources (water levels, amounts, safe drawing values, flow rate of resources, currently existing casing, deep, artesian, etc. wells, physical, chemical, bacteriological features of the water; present and planned utilization of groundwater, any casing, deep, artesian, etc. wells, the catchment area of the formations bearing groundwater, hydrogeological properties of the lithological units, relations between aquifers, flow dynamics of groundwater, Thermal and Geothermal Water Resources, present and planned utilization, etc.) IV.2.4. Hydrological and Ecological Characteristics (Physical, chemical, bacteriological and ecological characteristics of lake, fishpond, river and other wetlands of the surface water resources, flow rate and seasonal changes of rivers in this extent, floods, depth and volume of lakes, seasonal changes of lakes, water catchment basin of lakes, oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, distrophic classification of lakes, sedimentation, drainage, coastal ecosystems of all water resources, the location of project site with respect to lake, dam, pond, river and other wetlands) IV.2.5. Present and Planned Utilization of Surface Water Resources (Drinking, consumption, irrigational water, electricity production, dam, lake, pond, product type and production quantity in the production of aquatic products, waterway transportation facilities, water and/or shore utilization for tourism, sports or other similar purposes, other utilizations) IV.2.6. Species in Inland Waters (Lake, Fishpond, River) (Natural characteristics of these species, species under protection by national and intemational legislations; their breeding, feeding, sheltering and survival habitats; protective decisions determined for these habitats) 1 When explaining of the questions stated in the EIA Report Format, the information obtained from associated state institution and foundations, research institutions, universities or any other similar agencies are stated in notes section with the institution where the information is obtained from or are spotted on the related map, document, etc. If information based on the studies of the project owner is given, a certiricate stating the truth of this information is taken from related state agencies and added to the report. The questions asked within the format should be answered individually for natural gas storage activity. pipeline, compressor station and transportation and disposal operations of leaching water. IV.2.7. Minerals and Fossil Fuel Resources (reserve quantities, present and planned operational conditions, annual production and their importance and economical values for national or local utilization) IV.2.8. Soil Characteristics and Utilization Condition (soil structure, physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil, land utilization capability classification, slope stability, erosion, present soil utilization, pasture, meadow, etc. used as natural vegetation) IV.2.9. Agncultural Lands (agricultural development project areas, plantation areas for special yields, size of irrigated and dry agricultural lands, crop patterns and their annual production and the national importance and economic value of these yields) IV.2.10. Protection Areas (National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands, Natural Monuments, Nature Protection Areas, Wildlife Protection Areas, Wild Animal Breeding Areas, Cultural Assets, Protection Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Special Environmental Protection Regions, Special Protection Areas, Protection Areas related with drnking and utilized water resources, Tourism Regions and Centers and other areas under protection) IV.2.11. Forestry Areas (species and number of trees, size and closeness of their coverage area, present and planned protection and/or utilization purposes of these) IV.2.12. Flora and Fauna - Species, endemic, especially local endemic flora species, fauna species living naturally in the area and species under protection by national and international legislations, rare and endangered species and their location in the area, determined protection decisions for these, names and populations of game animals, representation of vegetation types present in the project area on a map. Protection measures required to be taken for species influenced by project activities (in construction and operation phases). Realization of flora studies carried out in the field at vegetation period and determination of this period. (2) - Natural characteristics of these species, species under protection by national and international legislations; their breeding, feeding, sheltering and survival habitats; protective decisions determined for these habitats IV.2.13. Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products (species, feeding areas, annual production, national importance and economic value of these products) IV.2.14. Recreational Areas and Areas with High Landscape Value, areas where unique geological and geomorphologic formations are present IV.2.15. Lands Under Control and Responsibility of Authorized Governmental Agencies (Military Restricted Zones, areas allocated to public institution and foundations with designated purposes) IV.2.16. Determination of the Baseline Pollution Load in Terms of Air, Water (surface and ground water), Soil and Noise of the Pipeline, Compressor Station and Storage Facility site and Impact Area) IV.2.17. Traffic Condition of the Region IV.2.18. Other Characteristics 2'Flora List Table" is filled out in compliance with the sample given in the appendix and added to the report. IV.3. Characteristics of the Socio-Economic Environment IV.3.1. Economical Characteristics (Main sectors that constitute the economic structure of the region, the distribution of the regional labour force to these sectors, the state and importance of manufactured commodity and service of these sectors in the regional and national economy, other informations) IV.3.2. Population (Rural and urban population in the region, population demographics, migrations, population growth rate, average household population and other informations) IV.3.3. Income (The distribution of the regional income over branches of industry, average income per capita in respect to branches of industry) IV.3.4. Unemployment (unemployed population in the region and ratio of unemployed population to active population) IV.3.5. Health (Endemic and frequently observed diseases in the region) IV.3.6. Social Infrastructure Services in the Region (Education, health, cultural services and the state of benefiting from these services) IV.3.7. Urban and Rural Land Use In The Project Site and Its Vicinity (Distribution of settlement areas, present and planned utilization areas, industrial areas in that content, residences, toursm areas etc.) IV.3.8. Other Characteristics Section 5: Impacts Of The Project On The Area Defined In Chapter 4 And Measures To Be Taken (In this section, impacts of the project on the physical and biological environments and the legal, administrative and technical measures to be taken to prevent, mitigate and improve these impacts will be explained individually and in detail for the headings V.1 and V.2) V.1. Site Preparation, Activities During Construction and Operation Phases, Impacts on the Physical and Biological Environments and Measures To Be Taken V.1.1. Locations and amount of the areas to be excavated in the content of the works carried out for site preparation, pipeline laying, discharge operation of the compressor station and leaching water, disposal of excavated waste material like soil, stone, sand and etc., and their usage purposes, machinery to be used during excavation, amount and properties of the vehicles and machines and equipments to be used in site preparation and facility establishment phases, V.1.2. Operations to be carried out to ensure ground safety V.1.3. Operations to be carried out to prevent ground percolation in pipeline, storage facility and other units V.1.4. Size and capacity of pipeline, technical features of pipe to be used (cathodic protection, isolation, etc.) and other units, technical information conceming the pipeline laying, information about route V.1.5. Size of cavem locations, studies carred out for its determination, criteria taken into consideration in the determination of cavem locations V.1.6. Works related with flood prevention and drainage V.1.7.Transportation, storage and utilization of flammable, explosive, dangerous and toxic materials to be used during site preparation and construction stages, equipment and machinery to be used for this purpose V.1.8. Dust emitting activities like crushing, grinding, transportation and storage during construction phase, their impact on biological environment and measures to be taken, dust emission calculations V.1.9. Activities like excavation, dredging, filling, construction. on pile, etc. to be performed for any purpose in aquatic environment within the project area, the location, size of the area and the method of activities to be carried out and amount, disposal locations or utilization purposes of stone, sand, pebble and similar materials excavated due to these operations V.1.10. Transportation infrastructure plan within the project scope (transportation route, present condition and capacity of the roads, for which purposes they will be used, present traffic load, its location with respect to settlement areas, whether they will bear the vehicles to be used for activity, maintenance, repair and improvement works), activities related with the construction of this infrastructure; materials, chemical substances, equipments and machinery to be used; dust spreading mechanical works like crushing, grinding, transportation, storage during construction of infrastructure V.1.1 1. Water supply plan within the project scope, amount of water that will be taken from the water supply reservoires, and amount of these waters according to their usage purposes V.1.12. Electrification plan within the project scope (workes to be carried out for the application of this plan, and the material to be used, locations where power transmission lines will be located and the locations of transformer, their power V.1.13. Type and amount of solid wastes to be generated due to the works carried out beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units, disposal methods of these wastes or purposes of their usage V.1.14. Types of fuel to be used during the works beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units, consumption amounts and emissions to be formed from the consumption and their disposal V.1.15. Type and amount of wastewaters to be generated during the works beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units, disposal method and discharging environments V.1.16. Origin and level of vibration and noise generated due to the works beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units V.1.17, Species and number of trees to be cut or transported due to required land acquisition for the site preparation and construction area, natural flora species to be destroyed, and size of the area where these activities will be carried out, measures to be taken V.1.18. Size of agricultural lands to be destroyed due to required land acquisition for the site preparation and construction area, their land use categories and types of agricultural products V.1.19. Accommodation and other technical/social infrastructural requirements for the personnel, and the related population to be worked dunng the works carried out beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units V.1.20. Activities that are posing nsk and danger for human health carried out beginning from preparation of the site until operation of the units V.1.21. Size of area where the land arrangements (afforestation, green area arrangements, etc.) will be carried out for landscape or for other purposes in the project area, flora and tree species to be selected V.1.22. Health Band Zone proposed for the project V.1.23. Other activities V.2. Activities at the Operation Phase of the Project, Impacts on the Physical and Biological Environment and Measures to be Taken V.2.1. Characteristics of all operations to be realized in the content of the project, detailed description of methods and technologies to be performed and work flow diagram (caverns to be created at the salt domes, leaching operation, natural gas storage, etc.), which activity will be realized at which unit, capacities and size of units, number and properties of machinery and equipments to be used, services to be given by auxiliary units V.2.2. How and where the natural gas to be stored will be transported V.2.3. Amount of natural gas (daily, monthly) to be stored in the activity units, interactions in the adjacent rock due to the pressure changes in gas to be stored, leakage risk of stored gas from the adjacent rocks, volume and pressure of gas to be stored in one cavem, its physical and chemical properties, amounts, locations and means of marketing, to where and how the performed services will be presented and the regaining percentage of ntural gas to be stored economically V.2.4. Accommodation and other technical/social infrastructural requirements for the personnel, and the related population to be worked during the activities of the facility V.2.5. Amount and supply manner of the water to be used in the activity unit and other units (with purposes like drinking, usage, process, boiler, cooling, fire, etc.); resource, amount, physical, chemical and bacteriologic properties of waste waters to be generated, materials to be disposed at waste water treatment facility, disposal operations and rates, amount, receptor environment and method of discharge of waste water after treatment operations, its impact on biological environment and measures to be taken (the method of discharge of salty water generated during leaching process, properties and amount of this water, determination of its impacts on the discharging area and its vicinity and measures to be taken) V.2.6. Types, amount and chemical analyses of fuel to be used in activity units and other units, amounts and units used for burning of fuel and burning systems to be used, emissions, flue gas treatment sytems, equipment and systems to be used for measurements V.2.7. Emissions (gas leakages, dust, etc.) to be formed during the activity of facility, amount, type and treatment manner of emissions and measures to be taken to prevent the gas leakage (for pipeline, storage area) V.2.8. Amount and properties of solid and/or hazardous wastes to be generated during the activity of facility, storage-pilling and disposal operations, location and manner of transportation of these wastes or purposes and manner of their re-usage V.2.9. Sources and levels of vibration and noise to be generated during the activity of the facility and measures to be taken V.2.10. Probable impacts of the pipeline and maintenance-repair studies of the pipeline to existing infrastructure facilities V.2.11. Probable impacts on cultural and natural assets and measures to be taken V.2.12. Impact of project on existing traffic V.2.13. Activities in the operational phase of the project that are posing risk and danger for human health and environment V.2.14. Land arrangements to be carried out for landscape or for other purposes in the project area V.2.15. Other activities V.3. Impacts of the Project on Socio-Economical Environment V.3.1. Income increases expected with the project; job opportunities to be created, population demographics, migrations, education, health, culture and other social and technical infrastructure services, changes in the utilization patterns of these services, etc. V.3.2. Environmental cost-benefit analysis (In this section, the cost and benefits taken from the environment prior to the activity, and the changes to be arised during and after the activity and comparison will be realized) Section VI: Possible and Continuing Impacts during Decommissioning Phase and Measures to be Taken Against These Impacts VI.I. Land Improvement VI.2. Rehabilitation works Vl.3. Impacts on the existing water resources VI.4. Possible air emissions VI.5. Other issues Section VIl: Project Alternatives (In this section, the comparison of the technology, the alternatives of measures to be taken will be realized, the criteria that are taken into consideration and preference order will be explained) Section Vill: Monitoring Program and Emergency Response Plan Vl11.l. Monitoring program proposed for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project Vl11.2. Emergency response plan (Required measures to be taken against the probable accident, fire and sabotage at the pipeline, storage facility and other units (including loading-unloading)) rI Section IX: Results (Summary of all explanations, a general evaluation listing the significant environmental impacts of the project and stating the extent of ensuring success in prevention of adverse environmental impacts in case if the project is realized, preferences among the altematives in the content of the project and the reasons of these preferences) Appendices: (Information, document and techniques, used in the preparation of the report and provided from various foundations, that were not presented within the text of the report) Notes and References: Introduction of the EIA team: Name Sumame, Occupation, Cirriculum vitae, References and Signature stating her liability on the report APPENDIX - 1: Flora List Table Sample APPENDIX - II: Table of personnel which were undertaken to be commissioned in the content of Qualifiedness Certificate Notification TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ev £ tj|LaLLs APPENDIX-F APPENDIX - F METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT AKSARAYAND KARAPINAR METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Tdle: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 Latitude(0) :38°23'N (AKSARAY) AKSARAY Longitude (X) : 34005'E Height (H) :965 m Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) I 1 II IV | v VI Vil Vill | IX xi I xii Average local pressure (hPa) 20 907.0 905.4 904.0 903.5 904.3 903.8 902.4 903.4 905.8 908.0 907.8 907.3 905.2 Maximum local pressure (hPa) 20 921.6 921.6 919.7 913.2 913.4 911.5 909.7 909.1 914.6 917.4 918.2 920 0 921.0 Minimum local pressure (hPa) 20 887.0 883.1 884.3 889.7 891.8 893.4 895.0 896 4 895.0 898.2 891.7 888 0 883 0 Average temperature at 07:00 (0C) 20 -1.9 -1.8 1.7 7.8 12.7 16.4 18.8 17.9 13.0 80 2.9 0.1 8.0 Average temperature at 14:00 (IC) 20 4.2 54 10.2 16.4 21.3 25.6 29.1 29.4 26.0 197 11.6 6.2 17.1 Average temperature at 21:00 (IC) 20 0.1 0.9 5.3 10.9 15.2 194 23 0 22.4 17.5 11.9 5.7 2.0 11.2 Average temperature (IC) 20 0.6 1.4 56 11.5 16.1 20.2 23 5 23.0 18.5 12.9 6.5 2.6 11.9 Average # days with average temperature Ž50C 20 7.4 8.5 18.6 28.2 30.9 30.0 30.6 31.0 30.0 30.4 194 11.0 276.0 Average # days with average temperature Ž100C 20 0.4 0.6 5.9 19.5 28.8 30.0 30.6 31.0 29.8 24.1 7.8 1.5 210.0 Average maximum temperature (°C) 20 54 67 11 6 17.9 22.6 26.8 30.3 30.4 26.9 20.7 12.8 7.4 18.3 Average minimum temperature (IC) 20 -3.4 -3.1 0.2 5.4 9.4 12.8 16.0 15 5 10 8 6.4 1.4 -1.5 5.8 Date of maximum temperature 20 3 23 29 11 23 27 18 7 18 1 2 3 7 Year of maximum temperature 20 1995 1996 1991 1998 1995 1996 1980 1987 1994 1999 1990 1996 1987 Maximum temperature (0C) 20 16.2 21.6 24.6 30.5 33.8 35.8 37.8 38.4 36.5 32.8 25.8 20.6 38.4 Avg. #of days with max. temp. Ž300C 20 0.2 2.1 6.9 16.8 18.4 65 0651.......,.......... 5 ,6 ... .........5.... Avg. # of days with max. temp. Ž 250C 20 2.8 10.4 20.2 28.9 29.4 21.5 7.5 0.2 120.9 Avg. # of days with max. temp. Ž 200C 20 0.1 2.1 10.9 22.4 29.1 30 5 31.0 28.6 18.5 2.0 0.1 175.3 Avg. # of days with max. temp < -0.01C 20 5.9 4.7 09 0.4 3.1 15.0 Maximum daily temperature difference (0C) 20 Date of minimum temperature 20 30 7 15 10 4 2 3 25 29 19 26 19 7 Year of minimum temperature 20 1980 1991 1987 1997 1990 1997 1982 1984 1992 1984 1995 1995 1991 Minimum temperature (0C) 20 -19.3 -29.3 -19.0 -7.5 -0.2 3.5 7.0 5.9 1.6 -5.20 -14.0 -14.6 -29.0 .............................................. ............................................................ .......................... ...... ......, ............. ..... .................1. ..... 11,2. 1......7...... ... Avg. #of days with min. temp. s-0.1°C 20 22.1 19.1 13.1 2.4 0.1 1.4 11 2 18.7 88.1 Avg. # of days with min. temp. <-3C 20 14.7 11.5 6.2 04 0.1 5.5 11.3 49.7 Avg.#ofdayswithmin. temp <-50C 20 10.6 8.0 3.5 0.1 0.1 2.5 7.4 32.2 Avg. # of days with min. temp. s -100C 20 4.3 3.6 0.9 0.4 1 4 10.6 Avg. # of days with min. temp. < -150C 20 0.9 1.3 0.3 2.5 Avg. # of days with min. temp. < -20°C 20 0.4 0.4 Avg. # of days with min. temp. 2 200C 20 0.2 2.1 1.8 0.1 4.2 Avg. # of days with min. temp. 150C 20 0.1 1.4 6.6 20.1 176 3.0 0.1 48.9 Avg. # of days with min. temp. Ž100C 20 0.2 3.3 13.8 26.6 30.0 299 19.2 5.2 0.9 0.2 129 3 Avg. # of days with min. temp. 25°C 20 0.9 1.0 4.2 17.1 27.9 30.0 30.6 31.0 29.1 21.1 7.3 3.0 2032 Average topsoil minimum temperature (0C) 20 -5.5 -5.1 -2.4 2.3 5.9 9.2 12 8 12.1 6.4 2.7 -1.3 -3.5 2.8 Lowest topsoil minimum temperature (0C) 20 -24.5 -31 4 -21.4 -11 4 -3.6 -0.2 2.4 0.5 -3.7 -10.0 -15.7 -17.2 -31.0 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) I 11 III IV V VI VIl Vil IX X Xi XiI Avg.#ofdayswithmin topsoiltemp. -0. 1C 20 26.5 225 217 7.7 1.2 0.1 0.9 7.4 177 23.9 129.6 Avg. # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -30C 20 20.0 17.5 12.7 2.8 0.1 0.2 2.9 12.0 16 2 84 4 Avg. # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -50C 20 14.6 12.1 7.2 1.0 0.9 7.5 10.8 54.1 Avg. # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -10°C 20 6.5 4.6 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.6 3.3 18.2 Average vapor pressure (hPa) 20 4.7 4 7 5 6 7.7 10.0 11.9 13.3 12 7 10.1 8.5 6.5 5.3 8.4 Average relative humidity at 07.00 (%) 20 76 75 74 71 68 65 61 60 62 72 77 77 69 Average relative humidity at 14:00 (%) 20 59 54 48 44 41 37 36 34 34 42 51 59 44 Average relative humidity at 21:00 (%) 20 73 70 62 59 56 50 44 43 48 60 69 73 58 Average relative humidity (%) 20 70 66 62 58 55 51 47 46 48 58 66 69 58 Minimum relative humidity (%) 20 39 34 27 23 27 29 20 19 17 20 24 21 17 Average cloudiness at 07:00 (0-10) 20 6.5 6.2 5.6 5.3 4.1 2.3 1.1 1.0 1 6 3.7 5.5 6.7 4.1 Average cloudiness at 14:00 (0-10) 20 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.3 3.5 2.0 1.8 2.0 4.0 5.6 6.5 4.6 Average cloudiness at 21:00 (0-10) 20 5.1 4.9 4.1 4.1 3.6 2.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 2.9 4.1 5.7 3.3 Average cloudiness (0-10) 20 6.0 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.4 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 3.5 5.1 6.3 4.0 Average # of clear days (cloudiness 0.0-1 9) 20 4.2 4.2 5.4 4.6 5.8 13.3 22.1 23.1 20.0 13.3 6.6 4.0 126.6 Average # of cloudy days (cloudiness 2.0-8.0) 20 17.7 15.9 19.4 20.9 22.5 16.1 8.2 7.9 9 7 14.6 16.7 16.3 185.9 Average # of overcast days (cloudiness 8.1-10.0) 20 10.9 9.3 7.5 5.6 3.4 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 4.4 7.6 12.3 62.7 Average total precipitation at 07:00 (mm) 20 14.4 14.1 16.3 19.9 14.8 6.7 5.5 2.6 2 6 10.5 15.1 19.5 142.0 Average total precipitation at 14:00 (mm) 20 12.2 7.4 10.4 10.5 10.6 7.7 5.3 1.8 2.2 9.6 8.9 10.0 96.6 Average total precipitation at 21:00 (mm) 20 8.6 10.5 11.8 19.8 21.6 12.1 3.3 5.3 3.5 10.1 11.4 16.6 134.6 Average total precipitation (mm) 20 35.6 31.8 38.7 49.9 46.1 25.5 10.4 6.6 6.4 27.8 35.7 45.8 360.3 Daily maximum precipitation (mm) 20 33.0 20.6 28 5 28.5 32.1 42.5 24.0 31.5 19.9 65.8 29.4 33.6 65 8 # of days with precipitation 20.1 mm 20 9.4 9.7 10.4 10.9 10.7 6.3 2.8 2.0 2.6 6.5 7.7 10 8 89.8 #of days with precipitation 10 mm 20 1.1 08. 1.0 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 10.4 # of days with precipitation 2 50 mm 20 0.1 0 1 Average # of days with snow 20 13 3 13.7 11.4 2 3 0.3 0.3 5.3 12.7 59.3 Average # of days with ground covered with snow 20 10.3 8.4 3.8 0 6 0.1 0.1 1.9 8 1 33.3 Maximum snow thickness (cm) 20 20.0 41.0 29.0 16 0 1 0 5.0 17.0 26.0 41.0 Average # of foggy days 18 8.4 4.9 3.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.6 5.4 12.8 37.7 Average # of days with hail 20 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.9 Average # of days with frost 18 8.4 4.9 3.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.6 5.4 12.8 37.7 Average # of days with thunder 18 0.1 0.0 0.9 2 4 4.4 3.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 15.4 Average wind speed at 07:00 (m/s) 20 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 1 9 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 Average wind speed at 14:00 (m/s) 20 2.8 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.1 Average wind speed at 21:00 (m/s) 20 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.2 3.2 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 0 0 Average wind speed (m/s) 20 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.3 2 1 2.1 2.2 2.5 Direction of the strongest wind 20 S SSW SSE SSW WSW SSW SW WSW WSW NW WNW S SSW Speed of the strongest wind (m/s) 20 24.3 25.0 26.3 31.4 20.6 22.3 19.8 20.5 20.0 19.3 20.6 25.5 31.4 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) I I1 II III IV V VI VII ViII IX X xiI XII Avg. #of days with storm ( Ž17.2 mis) 20 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 5.3 Avg.#ofdayswithstrongwinds(10.8-17 1 mis) 20 3.4 3.3 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.5 6.9 7.4 6.0 4.4 3.4 3.0 58.1 Total #of N winds 20 31 29 44 35 30 74 88 72 47 28 34 33 545 Average speed of Nwinds (m/s) 20 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.3 2.0 1.4 2.0 Totaln#o................E......n..d.....2020... 114.....1 117.....1 105... 105....10 104....1 166 213 219.. 128 ... 123.... 112....1 113 ...16129....1'' ....... ,1-19 Average speed of NNE winds (mis) 20 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 Total#ofNEw-i........................... 20.....192 ......186. 184.... 162 ... 167 ... -62..... 220- ... 3510 333..3 242....33 263 194.....2 194... 19 2688.. ''4 ...... '68'" Average speed of NE winds (mis) 20 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.7 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.9 Total#ofENE ..........................s... 20. 343......... 3223 .... 32422 ... 2534. ... 304 3113 429 ... 31 .....42- 364. 36- . 349.3 397 ...3 295.... 313.....3 4004.... 4,6" Average speed of ENE winds (mIs) 20 2.6 2.81 2.8 2.41 2.6 3.1 3.91 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.9 Total #of Ewinds 20 69 72 86 64 70 61 58 84 74 82 65 62 847 Average speed of Ewinds (m/s) 20 1.7 1.7 2.0 1 7 2.1 2.4 3.0 2 5 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.9 Total # of...................ESE........winds..........620. ... 67 .....58 5.....85 79..... ` ..73 ..4 43....41 41 ... 44..... 59 .... 61. ....73 80... -0.....7..763" Average speed of ESE winds (m/s) 20 1 4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.1 1 1 1.2 1.3 Total # of SE winds ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~20 54 45 58 53 70 46 35 45 72 60 36 59 633 Average speed of SE winds (m/s) 20 1.3 1.2 1.6 1 4 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1 0 1.0 1.2 1.3 Total#ofSEw-in'd s 20 106 81 120 104 93 86 48 58 63 71 98 124 1052 Avrage speed of SSE winds (mis) 20 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1 9 1.8 1.7 Totl#~FSnwin ............................. 200.... 142... 142 123...125. 126.1 124.... 80 ......80 54.. 54 52... - 56....5 76 .... 61. .... 102..... 162 1158....... 15-" Average speed of S winds (mis) 20 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.0 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 Total#ofSSW 'wind- 20 172 176 152 152 108 68 31 50 56 86 135 180 1368 Average speed of SSW winds (m/s) 20 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.7 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.4 2.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 Total#ofSWwinds ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~20 93 88 98 111 94 54 28 44 60 58 76 77 8 Average speed ofSW winds (mis) 20 2.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.1 2.2 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.0 Total#ofW -ds.......................... .. 20.. 20114....... 1261 .... 155 ... 148 ... 109.....1 112.... 17 67 .... 72 .... 107 123 102 ... 123 ....1 113 1348 ..... '34'" Average speed of WSW winds (mis) 20 2.0 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.5 Total#ofWwinds 20 89 66 83 109 119 148 82 79 94 100 77 72 1118 Average speed of W winds (mis) 20 1.6 2.4 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.6 otloWNW'W i Wd 20 122 86 119 128 155 142 136 166 181 155 138 114 1642 Average speed of WNW winds (mis) 20 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.5 Total#ofNWwinds 20 59 40 56 82 85 112 82 87 99 76 67 62 907 Average speed of NW winds (m/s) 20 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.6 NT ta#o NNW 'w"ind's 20 50 39 30 41 73 79 73 60 44 61 50 54 654 Average speed of NNW winds (mis) 201.4 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.91 231 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.51 1.61 1.8 Average temperature of 5-cm thick soil (OC) 20 1.7 2.7 7.2 13.7 19.8 25.1 29.1 28.8 23.3 15.21 7.4 3.2 14.8 Minimum temperature of 5-cm thick soil (00) 20 -4.6 -6.8 -3.6 1.3 2.3 14.0 18.9 20.1 13.1 3.91 -1.7 -3.4 -6.0 Average temperaure of 10-cm thick soil (OC) 20 12 2.1 6.5 13.0 18.7 23.7 27.5 27.3 _22.4 14.81 7.1 2.9 13.9 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) I IIII I IV V VI VIl Vill IX X Xl XII Minimum temperature of 10-cm thick soil (IC) 20 -5.6 -6.3 -3.7 2.2 4.2 13.7 17.5 18.3 14.4 3.6 -1.5 -3 4 -6.0 Average temperature of 20-cm thick soil (0C) 20 2.6 2.9 6.6 12.6 18.0 23.0 26.7 26.7 22.8 16.1 8.7 4.4 14.3 Minimum temperature of 20-cm thick soil (IC) 20 -2.8 -3.7 -1.3 4.0 8.1 15.9 19.6 21.2 16.3 6 8 0.2 -0.5 -3.0 Average temperature of 50-cm thick soil (°C) 20 5.2 5.5 7.9 12.9 19.0 23.2 28.3 28.3 24.9 19.3 12.7 8.2 16.3 Minimum temperature of 50-cm thick soil (OC) 20 3.5 3.4 5.8 7.8 14.9 18.9 25.5 23.9 19.1 14.3 9 3 5.3 3.0 Average temperature of 100-cm thick soil (IC) 20 8.3 7.5 8.6 11.2 16.1 19.8 24.3 25.8 24.3 20.6 15.7 11.5 16.1 Minimum temperature of 100-cm thick soil (°C) 20 6.9 6.5 7.0 0.2 13.0 17.4 21.8 23.3 21.0 17.0 12.6 8.6 0.0 Average evaporation (mm) 105.7 165.6 217.7 279.0 270 1 189.5 101.4 22.3 Daily maximum evaporation (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 14.2 15.3 16.0 17.9 15.1 9 3 3.9 0.0 17.0 Average sunny period (hour. minute) 20 03:13 04:19 05:49 07:07 08 49 11:05 12:01 11:49 10:12 07:15 04:30 03:04 07:26 Average sunshine intensity (cal/cm2.m in) 20 187.37 266.74 350.17 420.72 488.57 542.48 549.50 501.61 426.63 309 52 207.29 163.50 367.84 Monthly maximum sunshine intensity (cal/cm2.min) 20 1.70 1.36 1.60 1.57 1.66 1.60 1.56 1.42 1.36 1.45 1.17 1.03 1.70 Average sea water temperature (0C) Maximum sea water temperature (0C) Minimum sea water temperature (0C) _________ The station was under operation between 1980 to 1999. 1 hPa = 1 mb Latitude (o) : 37°43'N (KONYA) KARAPINAR Longitude (X) : 33°33'E Height (H) :1004 m Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) I il iI IV V VI VIl Vil IX X Xi XII Average local pressure (hPa) 20 904.1 902.5 900.9 900.5 901.2 900 6 899.2 900.1 902.8 905 0 905.0 904.4 902.2 Maximum local pressure (hPa) 20 918.3 918.1 916.4 909.7 909.9 907.9 906.2 905 2 911.1 913.5 916.0 916.9 918.0 Minimum local pressure (hPa) 20 886.0 882.0 881.6 887.2 889.1 891.6 892.8 893.6 892.4 894.8 889.0 885.7 881.0 Average temperature at 07 00 (IC) 20 -3.5 -3.9 -0.5 61 11.3 15.4 17.5 15.9 10.4 5.1 0 5 -14 6 1 Average temperature at 14:00 (0C) 20 3.7 4.8 9.9 16.7 21.6 26.0 29.3 29.6 26.0 19.5 11.2 5.8 17.0 Average temperature at 21 00 (IC) 20 -1.1 -0.4 4.0 98 14.3 18.6 22.1 21.6 16.9 10 9 4.5 1.2 10.2 Average temperature (°C) 20 -0 5 0.0 4 3 10.6 15.4 19.6 22 7 22.1 17.5 11.6 5.2 1.7 10.9 Average # days with average temperature 250C 20 4.8 5.3 15.4 27. 30.8 30.0 31.0 31 0 30 0 29 7 16.8 8.7 261 3 Average # days with average temperature 10°C 20 0.3 0.2 3.3 16.8 28.9 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.6 20.3 5.2 1.1 197.7 Average maximum temperature (0C) 20 4 9 6.2 11.3 18.1 22.8 27.2 30.4 30.5 27.0 20 5 12 2 7 0 18 2 Average minimum temperature (0C) 20 -5.2 -5.4 -2.1 3.2 7.1 10.7 13.5 12.7 8.1 3.8 -0.8 -3.0 3.6 Date of maximum temperature 20 19 23 27 11 23 28 24 8 17 1 2 4 24 Year of maximum temperature 20 1987 1987 1991 1998 1995 1980 1998 1987 1994 1999 1990 1980 1998 Maximum temperature (0C) 20 19.6 20.3 24.2 31.4 36.0 37.3 40.1 38.5 36.0 33.2 25.3 18.5 40.1 Avg. # of days with max temp. 2300C 20 0.2 2.2 7.8 17.6 17.9 7 6 0.8 54.1 Avg. # of days with max. temp. Ž250C 20 2.8 11.1 21 2 29 6 29 3 21 5 7.3 0.1 122 9 Avg. # of days with max. temp. Ž200C 20 0.1 1.9 11.3 23.0 29.0 31.0 31.0 28.5 17.4 1.9 175.1 Avg # of days with max. temp. <-0 1°C 20 7.0 5.3 1.4 0.7 4.2 18.6 Maximum daily temperature difference (0C) Date of min imum tempera re 20 .....2 8 1. 1 2 2 .. 6 ....... 31 29 19. 26 28 . Year of minimum temperature 20 1980 1992 1985 1997 1981 1991 1985 1984 1992 1984 1995 1992 1992 Minimum temperature (IC) 20 -21.6 -26.8 -22.8 -7.8 -3.1 3 1 5.0 4.5 -3.3 -6.20 -17.7 -19.4 -26.8 .............................................................. ........................ .........I.......... ......... .......... .... .......... ........................ ........ I.... , ......... ...... ....... ............. ....... ........ .. ..............,..........F Avg.#ofdayswithmin.temp. <-0.1C 20 25.0 22.4 20.0 6.3 0.7 0.4 5.6 16.7 21.9 119.0 Avg. #of days with min. temp. < -30C 20 18.6 17.4 11.5 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.6 10.9 14.8 77.0 Avg. # of days with min. temp. s -50C 20 14.5 13.5 7.7 0.8 0.3 6.5 10.5 53.8 Avg. # of days with min. temp. < -100C 20 6.7 5.8 1.9 1.6 3.3 19.3 Avg. # of days with min. temp. < -15°C 20 2.3 2.7 0.7 0.1 0.5 6.3 Avg. # of days with min. temp. <-20°C 20 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.9 Avg. # of days with min. temp. Ž200C 20 0.1 0.1 0.2 Avg. # of days with min. temp. Ž150C 20 0.1 1.5 8.9 7.1 0.7 0.1 18.4 Avg. # of days with min. temp.2 100C 20 0.2 1.8 6.1 19 3 28.3 26.1 9.8 2.2 0.4 0.1 94.3 Avg. # of days with min. temp. Ž 500 20 0.6 0.5 1.6 10.1 23.1 29.3 31.0 30.9 24.0 12.1 4.7 2.2 170.1 Average topsoil minimum temperature (0C) 20 -6.4 -6.8 -4.0 1.3 4.9 8.4 11.0 10.2 5.8 1.8 _-2.1 -4.1 1.7 Lowest topsoil minimum temperature (OC) 20 -23.0 -28.2 -54.3 -9.2 -5.6 -0.6 1.4 0.4 -5.2 -7.8 -17.7 -20.4 -54.0 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Parameters Period (YEAR) I II III IV V VI VIl Vill IX X Xl XII Avg. # of days with min topsoil temp. s-0. 1C 20 27.2 24.0 24.3 10.8 2.6 0.1 1.7 11.0 19.3 23.8 1448 Avg. # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -30C 20 21.7 19.5 17.1 4.7 0.4 0.3 4.2 13 8 17.5 99.2 Avg. # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -50C 20 16.9 16.3 11.6 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.7 9.6 12.5 70.8 Avg # of days with min. topsoil temp. s -10°C 20 8.2 7.2 2.7 2.2 4.8 25.1 Average vapor pressure (hPa) 20 4.8 4.7 5.6 7.5 9.8 11.3 12.2 11.6 9.5 8.0 6.5 5.5 8.1 Average relative humidity at 07:00 (%) 20 85 86 87 82 78 74 69 70 76 85 88 86 80 Average relative humidity at 14:00 (%) 20 64 57 46 38 36 31 29 28 29 37 52 63 42 Average relative humidity at 21:00 (%) 20 82 79 72 64 62 51 41 40 46 62 78 82 63 Average relative humidity (%) 20 77 74 68 61 59 52 47 46 50 61 72 77 62 Minimum relative humidity (%) 20 36 27 35 17 23 19 18 26 27 28 26 23 17 Average cloudiness at 07:00 (0-10) 20 7.2 6.5 5.7 4.9 3.6 1.7 0.7 0.6 1.2 3.4 5.8 7.1 4.0 Average cloudiness at 14:00 (0-10) 20 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.0 3.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 3.6 5.3 6.5 4.3 Average cloudiness at 21:00 (0-10) 20 5.2 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.5 2.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 2.6 3.8 5.5 3.2 Average cloudiness (0-10) 20 6.2 5.8 5.2 4.8 4.1 2.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 3.2 5.0 6.4 3.9 Average # of clear days (cloudiness 0.0-1.9) 20 3.9 4.7 6.5 6.6 8.2 16.1 23.8 24.7 21.7 15.1 7.2 3.8 142.3 Average # of cloudy days (cloudiness 2.0-8.0) 20 16.5 15.5 16.6 18.2 19.9 12.9 7.1 6.3 8.0 12.0 15.9 15.0 163.9 Average # of overcast days (cloudiness 8.1-10.0) 20 11.4 9.4 9.3 6.0 3.4 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 4.4 8.1 13.2 67.3 Average total precipitation atO7:00 (mm) 20 14 3 11.0 13.0 13.1 8.1 5.9 0.5 0.8 1.9 8.0 10.3 15.1 102.0 Average total precipitation at 14:00 (mm) 20 7.7 5 4 6.5 7.6 8.3 4.0 2.1 0.7 4.2 6.0 9.5 9.2 71.2 Average total precipitation at 21:00 (mm) 20 8 8 7.6 8.0 16.8 19.7 17.0 11.2 5.6 4.9 10.7 9.2 12.5 132.0 Average total precipitation (mm) 20 30.7 23.3 27.7 36.9 36.2 25.0 10.1 6.5 7.2 22.5 27.1 36.9 290.1 Daily maximum precipitation (mm) 20 30.5 25.0 17 4 26.7 55.9 34.5 19 0 16.1 28 3 31.7 31.7 28.4 55.9 # of dayswith precipitation 0.1 mm 20 9.7 8 9 10.3 9.3 10.0 5.6 2.7 1.7 2.1 5.8 8.0 10.9 85.0 # of days with precipitation Ž 10 mm 20 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.8 1.1 7.2 # of days with precipitation 250 mm 20 0.1 0.1 Average # of days with snow 20 13.1 16.2 11.7 2.0 0 5 0.3 6.0 12.9 62 7 Average # of days with ground covered with snow 20 9.0 9.1 4.2 0.6 0.1 1.9 7.3 32.2 Maximum snow thickness (cm) 20 26.0 41 0 30 0 7.0 14.0 26.0 41.0 Average # of foggy days 18 15.4 9.5 4.4 0.9 0.1 1.8 11.3 21.8 65.2 Average # of days with hail 20 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 3.5 Average # of days with frost 18 15.4 9.5 4.4 0.9 0.1 1 8 11.3 21 8 65.2 Average # of days with thunder 19 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.8 5 2 3.9 1.2 0.9 1 1 0.9 0.2 0.2 16.0 Average wind speed at 07:00 (m/s) 20 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 Average wind speed at 14:00 (m/s) 20 3.1 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.0 2 9 3 2 3.1 3.4 Average wind speed at 21:00 (m/s) 20 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.1 2 3 0.0 Average wind speed (m/s) 20 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 B r............................................... ................. ............... ,...... ............... ..... ........ ...... .... ... .. .......... ..... ......... .... .... ,........ .... .......... ..... .......... ... ............ ..... .......... .. .... ....... .... Direction of the strongest wind 20 NNW S SSW WSW NNW W NW NNW WSW NNW NNW SSW W Speed of the strongest wind (m/s) 20 25.2 23.2 25.2 22.5 23.1 30.2 21.6 19 7 21 6 21.3 20.1 23.2 30.2 * *4 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS ___ ___ ___Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) III IV V VI ViF ViIl IX X xi XII Avg. # of days with storm (Ž17.2 mIs) 20 0.7 1.2 1,2 1 2 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.8 7.8 Avg. # of days with strong winds (1 0.8-17.1 mn/s) 20 5.3 5.3 8.5 8.7 6.7 6.3 6.4 4.1 3.3 3 4 4.6 5.7 68.3 Total #of Nwinds 20 167 177 168 132 166 327 438 347 211 198 167 154 2652 Average speed of N winds (mis) 20 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.2 3.3 Toa fNE winds 20 244 291 282 248 335 408 564 542 452 385 252 224 4227 Avrage speed of NNE winds (mis) 20 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.4 2 2 2.1 2.0 2.5 Total#oNEwind"s ............................2`0 ..........15-2 115...1 131 ...1 111... 126 144 138 19644 215..1 216 ... 159 115 1814-16 "11,3, ... 1" ...... '81'" Average speed of NE winds (rnis) 20 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1. 1.8.. 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 Total#ofENEwinds ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~20 86 80 93 82 101 70 851 18 159 111 93 75 1153 Average speed of ENE winds (mis) 20 1.31 1.3 1.41 1.6 1.61 1.6 1.5 1.6 1 5 1.3 1.31 1.1 1.4 Total #of Ewinds 20 32 24 27 23 24 20 21 33 33 35 33 41 346 Average speed of Ewinds (mi/s) 20 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1 7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 Total#1ofESEw, ind 20 34 21 34 37 37 1 8 5 24 1 7 19 21 35 302 Average speed of ESE winds (mis) 20 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.5 Total#ofSEwinds ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~20 35 35 36 20 32 7 6 14 11 27 29 48 300 Average speed of SE winds (mi/s) 20 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.1 1 9 1.7 2.1 1.8 2.0 TZTotl#fSS n20 195 118 131 96 73 20 9 15 23 63 119 205 1067 Average speed of SSE winds (rnis) 20 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 2 1 2.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 Total#ofSwinds ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~20 158 161 129 140 71 33 20 19 34 68 150 168 1151 Average speed of S winds (mis) 20 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.6 3.8 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.8 3.7 4.6 4.6 4.4 ToiWTal#ofSw'w inds 20 169 174 241 261 157 96 74 76 97 147 153 200 1845 Average speed of SSW winds (mis) 20 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.2 T;otal#ofSWwinds 20 117 82 113 127 117 69 36 37 72 88 127 113 1098 Average speed of SW winds (mis) 20 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 Total#oFMWSW inds 20 137 123 134 167 192 152 39 58 114 126 121 140 1503 Average speed of WSW winds (mis) 20 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.4 1 8 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.0 Total#ofW ..........................d......20"...... 1510 .... 3,8, ... 519 7 95 72 40 37 1,11512 64 1,6,4 .....5-8 ......7'0'7 Average speed of Wwinds (mis) 20 1.8 1.9 2.3 3 5 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 2 7 1.9 1.8 1.5 2 5 T;Tota#oWNIRW, win 20 55 33 39 51 72 56 37 30 43 65 57 46 584 Average speed of WNW winds (mis) 20 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 Total# ofNWwinds 20 45 32 42 46 63 63 45 43 42 50 53 48 572 Average speed ofNW winds (rns) 20 2.2 2.9 3.1 2.8 25 .9 3.4 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.5 Total#ofNNWWind 20 131 138 1581 142 167 221 288 246 10 13 11 19 27 Average speed of NNW winds (mi/s) 23. 3.4 3 6 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.0, 2.6 2.2 2.9 3.4 3.0 Average temperature of 5-cm thick soil (00) 20 0.8 1.9 6.3 12.8 18.3 23.1 26.7 26.5 2211 14.51 6.0 2.4 1. Minimum temperature of 5-cm thick soil (OC) 20 -4.9 -6.2 -2.1 1.7 5.9 13.2 18.2 18.7 13.6 4.8 -2.8 -. 6 [Average temperature ofl10-cm thick soil (IC) 20 1.3 2.1 6.3 12.6 17.7 22.2 254A 255 21a47 6 3 3 Meteorological Measurement MONTHS Annual Parameters Period (YEAR) - II III IV V VI VIl Vil lx X Xi XII Minimum temperature of 10-cm thick soil (IC) 20 -4.4 -4.9 -1 4 2.5 7 6 14.4 19.0 19.9 15.3 6.0 -0 9 -2.2 -4.0 Average temperature of 20-cm thick soil (°C) 20 1.8 2.2 5 8 11.8 16.8 21.2 24.3 24.5 21.3 15 1 7.4 3.6 13.0 Minimumtemperatureof20-cmthicksoil (0C) 20 -2.9 -33 -0.9 3.6 8.2 15.6 19.6 19.8 15.6 7.4 0.9 -1 3 -3.0 Average temperature of 50-cm thick soil (OC) 20 4.2 3.6 5.8 10.3 14.8 18.9 22.1 23.0 21.2 16.7 10.7 6.5 13.2 Minimum temperature of 50-cm thick soil (IC) 20 1.1 0.5 1.4 5.8 10.5 15.1 19.5 20.4 17.4 11.6 6.3 3.2 9.4 Average temperature of 100-cm thick soil (OC) 20 7.3 6.0 6.5 9.3 12.6 16.1 19.1 20.7 20.3 17.8 13.6 9.8 13.3 Minimum temperature of 100-cm thick soil (IC) 20 4.7 0.6 4.0 5.9 9.4 13.2 16.9 0.2 18.2 12.9 10.2 6.7 8.5 Average evaporation (mm) 76.0 155 4 198.4 267.4 249.2 175 0 82.7 15.3 Daily maximum evaporation (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 10.2 15.3 14.8 12.6 11.7 8.8 2.6 0.0 15.0 Average sunny period (hour. minute) 16 03:09 04:28 06:04 07:37 08:44 10:46 11:36 11:16 10:01 06:57 04:27 02:39 07:19 Average sunshine intensity (cal/cm'.min) 16 205.16 291.30 395.14 491.61 559.80 625.75 634.05 579.78 493.48 346.97 233.98 171.17 419.02 Monthly maximum sunshine intensity (calVcm2 min) 16 1 26 1.38 1.60 1.64 1.71 1.71 1.59 1.53 1.55 1.42 1.19 1.13 1.71 Average sea water temperature (0C) Maximum sea water temperature (IC) Minimum sea water temperature (0C) The station was under operation between 1980 to 1999. 1 hPa1 mb l TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES _ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G eLa 1 Page 1 / 41 SEISMICITY REPORT Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services ~~7 BOTAS PETROLEUM PIPELINE CORPORATION 5Ith OCTOBER, 2001 A. KORUR, ENVY N. AYTEK, ENVY 0 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuitancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No Revision 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 2 /41 Index 1 Introduction 4 2 Geology of the Study Area 6 2.1 Kaman Group 6 2.2 Mezgit Group 6 3. Active Faults of the Region 10 3.1 Tuz Golu Fault 11 3.2 Kilbasan-Hotami, Lake Fault Zone 16 4 Seismicity of Study Area 20 5 Location of the Project Area In Terms of Geodynamics of Turkey 24 6 Results 27 7 Bibliography 29 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Location of Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Site 5 Figure 2.1 1:500.000 Scale Geological Map of the Study Area 7 Figure 2.2 Generalized Stratigraphic Cross Section of the Region 8 Figure 3.1 Active Fault Map of the Region 12 Figure 3.1.1 Satellite Images of Tuz Golu and Its Close Neighborhood 14 Figure 3.1.2 Distribution of Neo-Tectonic Era Structures and Volcanic Outlet Centers Between Aksaray-Karapinar-Nigde-Derinkuyu 15 Figure 3.2.1 Map Displaying Kilbasan-Hotami§ Lake Fault Zone and Outlet Centers of Karadag Vulcanites 17 Figure 3.2.2 The Fault Observed at the Metamorphites at The West of Karadag (Karaman) Volcano (The View is Towards the North; Saroglu et. al., 1987) 18 Figure 3.2.3 Vulcanite Cones Located on the Kilbasan-Hotami§ (Konya) Fault Zone (The View is Towards the Northeast; $aroolu et. al., 1987) 18 Figure 3.2.4 Surface Fractures that have Occurred at the 1 gh April 1938 Dated Kir~ehir Earthquake (Arni, 1940) 19 Figure 3.2.5 Macro-seismic Map of the 19th April 1938 Dated Kir§ehir Earthquake (Ergin, et. al., 1967) 20 Figure 3.2.6 Equipotent Map of the 1 gth April 1938 Dated Kir§ehir Earthquake (Parejas and Pamir, 1939) 21 Figure 4.1 Faults at the Region and the Distribution of the 1881-1986 M>4 Earthquakes (Gen,oglu et. al., 1990) 22 Figure 4.2 Epicenter Map of the Turkey Earthquakes (M.S. 11 -1975) 23 Figure 5.1 Significant Neo-tectonic Formations in Turkey 25 Figure 5.2 Neo-tectonic Regions of Turkey (Black arrows shows the shortening and white arrows show the lengthening directions. The arrow size is approximately proportional to the total shortening.) 26 Figure 5.3 GPS Measurement Results at the East Mediterranean Region (McClusky et. a!., 2000) 27 Figure 6.1 Equipotent Map of the lt February 1944 Dated Bolu-,erke, Earthquake (Ergin et. al., 1967) 28 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eiY y tj XPL APPEN DIX-G Page 3 / 41 I Introduction In this report, the seismicity of the natural gas underground storage project planned to be made within the Tuz Golu Basin has been evaluated (see Figure 1.1). The project area is within the boundares of Aksaray Province and is located to the south of Sultanhani district. For the determination of the seismicity characteristics of the area, the studies have been executed as to cover a wide field outside the project area. In the studies, the active faults in the region have been sought, and the earthquakes that have occurred on these faults during the past history and that may occur in the future have been determined. Based on the obtained data, comments have been made on the relation of the active faults with earthquakes and the biggest earthquake to be expected in the region. Additionally, the active faults on which big earthquakes have occurred, although far from the area, have been assessed in terms of the impacts on the area in case any earthquakes occur on these faults. During the research of active faults at the region, the Active Fault Map of Turkey, aerial photographs and satellite observations have been utilized. Based on the obtained information, the studies were finalized after completing the necessary field observations. For the information regarding the earthquakes that have occurred in the region, Soysal et. al. (1981), Gen,oglu et. al. (1990) and Ambraseys (1988) have been utilized. Moreover, during the active fault - earthquake relation evaluation, the publications of $aro§lu et. al. (1987), Barka and Kadinsky (1988) and Eyidogan and Guclui (1991) have been utilized. The information regarding the regional geology has been gathered from the publications (Atabey, 1989) of Mine Investigation and Research (MTA) General Directorate. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuitancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e- APPEN DIX-G Page 4 41 BURSA - / ~~~~~~~~KozaSb t O 49-4N. . M_}~~- - Ew. Mu WS AKSAR ~ ~ ~ ~~' A~ -- *~~~w --",5t Figure 1.1 Project Location Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consu_tancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision- 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eE[PaN APPEN DIX-G Page 5 /41 2 Geology of the Study Area The geology of the Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project area and its surroundings has been presented in Figure 2.1 as shown at the 1/500.000 scale Turkish Geological Map. Accordingly, the project area is located on rock groups comprised of Neogene aged lacustrine sediments. The rock groups found at the region are arranged in order from old to young at the stratigraphic cross section in Figure 2.2 (Atabey, 1989). The foundation of the Tuz Golu Basin is formed of metamorphites belonging to Paleozoic aged Kaman Group. The sediment pack covering this pack with nonconformity has settled in the Upper Cretase-Eocene time interval. It is generally in marine character and composed of fragments. The younger sediment group of the region is comprised of sedimentares of terrestrial and evaporative character most of which belong to the Mezgit Group. These units covering the bottom units with nonconformity have settled in the Oligocene-Miocene time interval. The young aged rock groups of the region belong to the Miocene-Pliocene old Pe,enek formation. Pe,enek formation has occurred in the neo-tectonic era. The current salt formation in today's lakes is the characteristic feature of the presence and volcanism of the direction pulsed faults and the area geology. 2.1 Kaman Group The three metamorphic units gathered under the name of Kaman Group and shortly defined blow, are being intersected with the Ortakoy granotoide. Kalkanlidaa Formation (PMC): It is composed of amphibolite schist, mica schist, cyllimanite quartz schist granitite gneisses. It is Paleozoic aged. Tamadaa Formation (PMt): The unit comprising of chloro-schist, chalk-schist and marble is approximately 200 meters thick and Paleozoic aged. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No. Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ea7I APPENDIX-G Page 6 /41 .~~~~~~~~~4,1 d. .-d . 4I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.; - 4 . ,, ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ , - 1 - : 7 . - K~ .. . . L_. Figure 2.1 1:500,000 Scaled Geological Map of the Proposed TUGSP Site and its Vicinity Project: Tuz GoIu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-G Page 7/ 41 EC T *- ... j I.,, 1*_ L _ _ _ _ _pr §~~~~~~. 1 ' - I j , .* *,,1 *g r_S.X -' ,~~p 1 - . j1 iw i B t I -. ::K.> I~~~~~~~~~~ -'--1d. --: m 4 ' I r I I 1 * 3' F ^- g i 1-* - l S.* a." . l ,~~~~~I I i - . . t l--r Figure 2.2 Stratigraphical Cross-section of the Area Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-G Page 8 t 41 Bozcaldaa Formation (PMb): The unit composed thick medium layered marble is transitive to the Tamadag formation from bottom. The Bozcaldag formation having an approximate thickness of 300 meters is Paleozoic aged. Ortakov Granotoid: The unit, of which the bottom layers are composed of gabra, diorite, tanalytes is laterally and vertically transitive to grano-diorite, monozoite and cyanides. It bears an age of Upper Cretase. Kartaldaa Formation (Ukrk): The unit covers older units with nonconformity. Maastrithien- Campanien aged Kartal formation is comprised of red wine-color; loosely hold, gravel stone, sandstone and mudstone. It includes gypsum and coal layers in patches. The gravel stones located at the unit base is magmatic and metamorphic-based gravels. The unit passes to sand stones of indefinite layers that includes loosely fitted, well-rolled, cross layered in patches, mile stone intermediate strata. The approximate thickness of the unit is 250 meters. It has been formed by the river sediments settled to a wide shore plain being time-to-time subjected to naval impact. The Kartaldag formation passes to the Asmabo6azi formation to the top. Asmaboqazi Formation (Ukra): The unit, being Upper Cretase-Maastrithien aged, is composed of medium-fine grain sized, yellowish-gray colored, middle-fine layered orbitoides-including sandstones and medium-fine layered, gray colored, Rudist-including sandy limestones. Its relation with the Caldag formation is transitive. ,Caldaq Formation (Tc): The unit is Tanesien-Danien aged. It is yellowish gray, white in color, thick-medium layered, unlayered in patches. The Caldag formation is composed of hard reddish brittle surfaced Algae-including limestones. The average thickness of the unit is 30 meters. Kirikkavak Formation (Tk): This unit, being Illeridian-Tanesian aged, is comprised of sandstone, sandy limestone and shales. The unit is transitive to Qalldag from bottom and Boyali formation from the top. The unit is of greenish colored sandstone of thin-medium layered, generally derived from offiolitic material and laminated shale-character. As an medium additive to the sandstones and shales, there are medium-thin layered, carved-filled structured, hard and Algae-including sandy limestones. This formation being recifal medium product is transitive to the lower units. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15 10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 9/41 Boyali Formation (Tb): The unit is Lutesian aged. It is comprised of thick layered, poor grown, thin-medium size sand grained, porous, loose cemented, yellowish-gray colored sandstones. Among the sandstones at the base, there are gravels derived from magmatic, metamorphic stones. These sandstones being shallow naval stemmed in character, becomes more of terrestrial substance added. The foundation of Boyali foundation is transitive to Kirkkavak formation. Over the unit, the units belonging to Mezgit group are placed in a nonconforming manner. This unit, which has been named by Uygun et at. (1982), is approximately 200 meters thick. 2.2 Mezgit Group The Mezgit Group forming of five formations being inter-transitive horizontally and vertically, is Oligocene aged and the ordering of the group from bottom to top is as below: . Karapinar Formation (Tk1): Composed of gravel, has a thickness of 100 meters. * Boqazdere Formation (Tbl): Composed of anhydrite and gypsum, has a thickness of 90 meters. Tepekov Formation (Tt): Composed of sandstone, has a thickness of 80 meters. $ ereflikochisar member (Tts): Composed of lignite, sandstone and clay stone, has a thickness of 40 meters. * SihkuYusu Formation (Tk1): Composed of gypsum, sandstone, laminated clay stone and marls, has a thickness of 100 meters. Kiziloz Formation (Tkl): Composed of sandstone, clay stone, gravel and anhydrites, has a thickness of 50 meters. The sediment package of Mezgit group is covered by units settled in the Miocene-Pliocene time interval. Pecenek Formation (TD): It is composed of gravels, trough-like cross layered, loosely fit, medium- thin layered sandstones, marl and tuff intermediate surfaces, and mile stone. The unit is Miocene- Pliocene aged and approximately 150 meters thick. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eIY7 - - APPENDIX-G Page 10 / 41 Kavak Member (Tpk): This member separated in the Pegenek formation is about 10 meters thick. The unit is composed of enumbrates including white-pink colored pumice particles. Kislak Member (Tpk,): Klllak member, being another member of Pe,enek formation, is composed of gastropod shell fragmented, thick and indefinite layered, white-gray colored, small graveled limestones. The approximate thickness of this member of chalky outlook is 8 meters. The alluviums being fragmented substance conglomerates showing propagation at wide areas in the Tuz Golu Basin, comprises the youngest Quaternary aged sediment groups. 3 The Active Faults of the Region In this study executed as to inspect the pre-study realized with satellite images and aerial photographs in the field, the active fault map of Turkey ($aroglu et a/, 1992) and its related report (1997) has been taken as basis. As a result of the performed investigations, no active fault has been found passing within the project area and bearing a destructive earthquake character. Moreover, according to the same observations, within the 50 km-diameter circle, with the facility area at center, no active fault has been observed. As can be seen at the Turkish Active Faults Map issued by MTA General Directorate (see Figure 3.1), the closest active faults to the region is the Tuz Golu fault in the east and the Karadag opening crack taking place inside the Kllbasan-Hotami§ Lake fault zone in the southwest. Project. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision 0 Date: 15.10.2001 * .. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 11/41 . . yil 5p^q."- -... $4_.......... ...A~ Y;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . L X *. .2. . . . _,. ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~44 PI *, 0 _ 4 * * wbLce - Nmfmul Ad(ohate MarshKcoore SOte rncnhoYeQtep 0 D\ne Ke $ecike 4-Normal fault --Opening fracture Fault (of unknown character) Crater S Volcanic outlet center KILBASAN Marsh border YVut ape Figure 3.2.1 The Map Showing the Kilbasan-Hotami* Lake Fault Zone and Outlet Centers of Karadag Vulcanites Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision- 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e t[ Cj LLLA APPENDIX-G Page 17 41 Figure 3.2.2 The Fault Tracked at the Metamorphites in the West of Karadao Karaman) Volcano (The View is Towards North; $aroolu et. a!, 1987) Figure 3.2.3 Vulcanite Cones Located on the KiIbasan-Hotarriv (Konya) Fault Zone (The View is Towards Northeast; $aro§lu et. a!., 1987) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision- 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 18 /41 i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s t- -_ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~;- - -I. Figure 3.2.4 Surface Fractures that have Occurred at the 19th April 1938 Dated Kir§ehir Earthquake (Arni, 1940) East Anatolian Fault among this fault zones, approximately 270 km away from the storage area, and the area is about 300 km away from the North Anatolian Fault. Since there has not been any destructive earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault in the last few centuries, it not very clear to what extent the fault movement shall affect the project site. On the other hand, on the nearby section of North Anatolian Fault to the storage area, there has been a destructive earthquake in 1944. This earthquake, known as Gerede Earthquake, had a magnitude of MK = 7,2. At the equi- damage zoning map prepared according to the damage types observed at this earthquake, it can be seen that the storage area has been affected at V intensity (look at Figure 3.2.6). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ~ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT L APPEN DIX-G Page 19 / 41 Figure 3.2.5 Macro-seismic Map of the 19h April 1938 Dated Kir*ehir Earthquake (Ergin, et. at., 1967) 4 Seismicity of the Study Area In the assessment of the seismic activity of the natural gas underground storage area planned to be implemented in the Tuz Golu Basin and the surroundings, different data source based historical and instrumental records have been utilized. According to the catalogues covering the time interval between B.C. 2100 and A.D. 1900 years (Soysal et. al., 1981), there is no record for a destructive earthquake occurrence in the region. Moreover, according the earthquake catalogue recorded instrumentally (Gencoglu et. al., 1990), there is no record for a destructive earthquake in the region for the past century (look at Figure 4.1). When the epicenter map of the earthquakes that have occurred in the last century (look at Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - i APPENDIX-G Page 20 / 41 Figure 4.2) is examined, it can be seen that the few epicenters observed in the proximity of the project area are small in magnitude, do not have a linear route and do not show an aggregation. ;~~ ~ ~~~~~~ ,.. * @__ se - - April 19w, 1938 Km MEDITERRANEAN SEA Figure_3.2.6 Equipotent Mapofthel Aprils938DatedKirehir Earthquake(Parejasand Pamir, 1939) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date- 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ji APPENDIX-G Page 21 /41 0~~~~~~~~~~~ LU i) 90 < r ' L I 4 cc 0~~ E i iL (Gensoglu~~~~~~~~~ et. a/,190 P, Ar- ud~~~~~~~- 4 _~~~~~~~~ o Eninern Zn CosltnyOevie U (I) a LLJ~~~- E) <~~- '4s~~~~~~~L z 4 -- ~~ 4 < Revision: 0 Dae-5.020 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 22 / 41 _ ~~~~~~~~` ; 11AMX1i~~~~~~~~~~~~)MMA Figure 4.2 Epicenter Map of the Turkey Earthquakes (M.S. 11-1975) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 23 /41 When the sizes are considered, earthquakes with a magnitude interval of M = 6-6,5 are expected on the Tuz Golu and Kilbasan-Hotami§ faults. In the assumption of this value, the earthquakes that have occurred on similar faults have been taken into consideration (;aroglu et. al., 1987; Barka and Kadinsky, 1988; Abraseys, 1988; Eyidogan and Gu9lu, 1991). It is not possible to give certain figures for the repetition periods of the earthquakes on the mentioned faults. However, it can be said that the repetition periods of the earthquakes on Tuz Golu and Karadag fractures will approximately be 500 years or more. There is no data at hand pointing to the possibility of a destructive earthquake is to occur at the natural gas underground storage area. The closest faults having a possibility to affect the area with its activity are the Tuz Golu and Karadag faults. Due to the distance of both of the faults to the project area, even should a destructive earthquake occur on them, it can be said that the project site will not be impacted at first level. Based on the results of the 1944 dated Gerede and 1938 dated Kir§ehir earthquakes, being closest to the survey site and bearing a destructive character, the influence on the region in case of repetition of the earthquakes on these faults, shall be limited. 5 The Location of the Proiect Area In Terms of the Geodynamics of Turkey The geodynamic evolution of Turkey is a consequence of the African, Arabian and Eurasian plate movements. Almost for 16 million years, the collisions of the Arabian and Eurasian plates (;engor, 1980; $engor et a/, 1985) has created the compressive tectonic regime in the region. The compressions arising all aruund Anatolia has caused the formation of varous curved, overlapping, routed pulsed faults and normal faults (Look at Figure 5.1). In the period between the last 16 million and 4 million years, the study site and surroundings has been compressed in north- south direction and consequently, curved and routed pulsed faults and opening fractures have developed. In this stage, the Central Taurus Mountains have rose as an east-west axis anticlinorium. In the same period, various routed pulsed faults have formed with northwest- southeast routed Tuz Golu Fault and north northeast-south southwest routed Ecemi§ Fault taking the lead. With the same tectonic activity, volcanoes have surfaced from the opening fractures in t he north-south direction ($aroglu et al., 1982; Emre, 1990; Pasquare et. al, 1988). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT '7 |X['S APPEN DIX-G Page 24 /41 ''1~~~TA I E ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 2 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES , LL i ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT emvy APPEN DIX-G Page 25 /41 XARA ZAYJF AKTiF DENZ iiJT | t |.t..~~~~~~~~oo u L.1.. ORTIA ~~~~~~BdILGESI WTI A NADOL G8ILME -BLGESI Figure 5.2 Neo-tectonic Regions of Turkey (Black arrows shows the shortening and white arrows show the lengthening directions. The arrow size is approximately proportional to the total shortening.) 4e Figure 5.3 GPS Measurement Results at the East Mediterranean Region (McClusky et. al., 2000) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 ^ ~~~~~~~~Engineering and Consultancy Services ~~~ ~Document Title Seismicitiy Report Document No: ....__ReDvision 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES i ! ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e*yy t -. APPEN DIX-G Page 26 / 41 6 Results In light of the information given above, there seems to be no fault that can cause a destructive earthquake at or near the proposed project area region. Additionally, no record has been encountered in the last three-thousand-year earthquake catalogues regarding any destructive earthquake. The most nearby faults awaited to cause a destructive earthquake are Tuz Golu fault and East Anatolian fault, which are significantly far away from the study area (look at Figure 6.1). According to the Turkey Earthquake Zones map prepared based on reduction relation, the region has been shown as a 5th grade earthquake zone (look at Figure 5.3). . . I - . ~~~~~~ m2i 1 At5 OlI '- *-Xi I~~~~I _ Figure 6.1 Equipotent Map of the 11t February 1944 Dated Bolu-Qerke* Earthquake (Ergin et. a, 1967) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eEavyfl APPENDIX-G Page 27 / 41 7 Bibliography Ambraseys, N. N., 1988, Engineenng seismology, Joumal of Earthquake Engineenng and Structural Dynamics, 17, 1-105. Arni, P., 1938, Kir,ehir ve Yerkoy Depremi Hakkinda, MTA Publication, Serial-B, 1. Atabey, E., 1989, 1:100.000 Ol,ekli Aginsama Nitelikli Turkiye Jeoloji Haritalari Sersi, Aksaray- Hiz Plate, MTA Publication. Barka, A. A. and Kadinsky-Cade, K., 1988, Strike-Slip Fault Geometry in Turkey and its Influence on Earthquake Activity, Tectonics, 7, 663-684. Emre, O., 1991, Hasandag-Ke,iboriudagi Yoresi Volkanizmasinin Jeomorfolojisi, Doctorate Thesis, istanbul University, unpublished. Ergin, K., Gu91u, U. and Uz., Z., 1967, Turkiye ve Civarinin Deprem Katalogu (MS. 11-1964), jTU Mining Faculty, Earth Physics Institute Publication, No: 24. Eyidogan, H. and Gu9lu, U., 1991, Turkiye Buyuk Depremleri Makro-sismik Rehberi (1900-1988), ITO Mining Faculty, Department of Geophysical Engineering. Gen,oglu, S., inan, E. and Guler, H, 1990, Turkiye'nin Deprem Tehlikesi, Publication of TMMOB Chamber of Geophsical Engineers, p. 701. McClusky, S, Balassanian, S., Barka, A., Demir, C., Ergintav, S., Georgiev, I., Gurkan, O., Hamburger, M., Hurst, K., Kahle, H., Kastens, K., Kkelidze, G., King, R., Kotzav, V., Lenk, O., Mahmoud, S., Mishin, A., Nadriya, M., Ouzoinis, A., Paradissis, D., Peter, Y., Prilepin, M., Reilinger, R., Sanli, J., Seeger, H., Tealeb, A., Toksoz, N. and Veis, G., 2000, Global Positioning System Constraints on the plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastem Mediterranean and Caucasus, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5695-5719. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuitancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES n ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 28 /41 Parejas, E. and Pamir, H. N., 1939, 19.04.1938 Orta Anadolu Yerdepremi, istanbul University, Science Faculty Assem., B. IV, 3-4. Pasquare, G., Poli, S., Venzolli, L., Zanchi, A., 1988, Continental Arc Volcanism and Setting in Central Anatolia, Tectonophysics, 146, 217-230. Sosyal, H., Sipahioglu, S., Kolcak, D. and Altinok, Y., 1981, Turkiye ve ,Cevresinin Tarihsel Deprem Katalogu, TRAG, p. 341. ,aroglu, F., Boray, A. and Ozer, S., 1983, Orta Toroslar-Orta Anadolu'nun Guneyinin Neotektonigi ile ilgili GorU,ler, Jeomorfoloji Joumal, 11, 45-52. ,aroglu, F., Emre, 0. And Boray, A., Turkiye'nin Diri Faylari ve Depremsellikleri, MTA Report No: 8174 (unpublished). ,aroglu, F., Emre, 0. And Ku§su, i., 1992, Active Fault Map of Turkey, MTA Publication, Ankara. ,engbr, A. M. C., 1980, Turkiye'nin Neotektoniginin Esaslari, TJK Publication, p. 40. ,engor, A. M. C., Gorur, N. and ,aroglu, F., 1985, Strike-Slip Faulting and Related Basin Formation in Zones of Tectonic Escape: Turkey as a case study: strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and sedimentation, Edited by Biddle, K. T. and Christie-Blick, Paleontology, Mineral, Sp. Pub., 37, 227-264. Uygun, A. et al., 1982, Tuz GoIU Havzasinin Jeolojisi, MTS Report No: 7188 (unpublished). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15 10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT LPXL) APPENDIX-G Page 29 / 41 SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Engineering and Consultancy Services 47 ~BOTAS PETROLEUM PIPELINE CORPORATION 15th OCTOBER, 2001 A. KORUR, ENVY N. AYTEK, ENVY Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Proj./Work No: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Heading: Seismic risk Assessment Report Document No: CON-0022 Edition: Date: Prepared By: M. Erdik Date: 2001-10-04 Controlled By: A. Korur Date: 2001-10-15 Approved By: N. Aytek Date: 2001-10-15 Revision: 0 Date: 15-10-2001 Edition: Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eE APPENDIX-G Page 30 / 41 Contents 0 Summary 33 1 Seismotectonic Network 34 2 Assessment of Seismic Risk 38 3 Conclusion 41 4 Bibliography 42 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Location of the Project Site 34 Figure 1.2 Neotectonic Structure of Turkey and Its Close Surroundings 35 Figure 1.3 The Fragments of the North Anatolian Fault Located at the North of the Central Anatolia and That Has Fractured in the Last Century with Consecutive Earthquakes (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988) 36 Figure 1.4 The Active Fault Map of the Region (Saroglu et al., 1992) 37 Figure 1.5 Historical Seismicity of the Project Site 38 Figure 1.6 Historical Seismicity of the Region 39 Figure 1.7 Instrumental Seismicity of the Project Site 39 List of Tables Table 2.1 Probabilistic Peak Ground Accelerations Obtained for the Project Site 40 Table 2.2 Deterministic Peak Ground Accelerations Obtained for the Project Site 40 Table 2.3 Deterministic Peak Ground Displacements Obtained for the Project Site 40 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15 10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES v ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-G Page 31 / 41 O Summary In the tectonics of Central Anatolia; the North Anatolian Fault in the north, the East Anatolian Fault in the east and some in-plate faults interfering with the inner deformation of the Anatolian Block dominate. The North Anatolian Fault is located approximately 300 km north of the project site. Tuz Golu, Alaca-Ezinepazari and Ecemi§ faults are the most prominent in-plate faults of the Anatolian Block. Alaca-Ezinepazari fault being a right directed lateral fault, is comprised of two parts. The second block (150 km long) of the Alaca-Ezinepazari fault departing from the first fault block (90 km long) with 240 inflection is seismically less active. The Tuz Golu Fault has a northwest-southeast elongation in the east coasts of the basin and is comprised of two sections: (i) northwest section of 100 km long, and (ii) southeast section of 80 km long. . As a result of the at-desk studies, it has been observed that most of the seismic activity has gathered around the parts of the North Anatolian Fault. The remaining events are related with smaller and/or less active in-plate faults. To be able to determine the seismic / earthquake risk of the project site, both probabilistic and deterministic methods have been used. By using a deterministic approach, two critical earthquakes have been determined for the project site. Firstly; the earthquake of 7,5 magnitude due to reverse fault, is assumed to occur on the Tuz Golu Fault which is 50 km away from the project site, being the closest active fault. Secondly; by considering historical facts indicating that in-plate earthquakes, such as the 19.04.1938 dated Kir§ehir earthquake, of 6,5 magnitude can develop at any place in Anatolia; it has been decided to place the epicenter of a 6,5 magnitude earthquake at a distance of 5 km from the project site. As a result, the project site is located at one of the regions of Anatolia having the lowest seismicity characteristic and highest stability. When evaluated in long term (average return period within 5000 year term), PGA will be about 0,3. When evaluated in short term (which is approximately 500 year return period), PGA will bear a value of 0,17g. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EiY7 t LPX 1LR APPENDIX-G Page 32 / 41 1 Seismotectonic Network The proposed project site for the underground natural gas storage units is located 25 km south of Tuz Golu, at the Tuz Golu Basin within the Provincial boundaries of Aksaray (look at Figure 1.1). In the tectonics of Central Anatolia; the North Anatolian Fault in the north, the East Anatolian Fault in the east and some in-plate faults interfering with the inner deformation of the Anatolian Block dominate (look at Figure 1.2) Figure 1.3, displays the fragments of the North Anatolian Fault located at the north of the Central Anatolia and that has fractured in the last century with consecutive earthquakes. With the Erzincan Earthquake (Ms= 8) in 26 December 1939, the 385 km section of the North Anatolian Fault has fractured from Erzincan down to the south of Amasya. The fragments fractured during the 20 December 1942 earthquake have a total length of 40 km. The Tosya Earthquake (Ms = 7,3) in 26 November 1943 has a fracturing zone of 300 km between Tasova and the west of ligaz. The earthquake series, has moved to more west with the 1944 Gerede earthquake of Ms = 7,3 which has fractured the North Anatolian Fault extending between the east of ,Cerkes and the west of Bolu (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988). The North Anatolian Fault is located approximately 300 km north of the project site. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES i ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ejvy APPENDIX-G Page 33 /41 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ R7 fR,' _--r eZAM P 4jR.AtARAg^RA, 42~ ~~ . I oX A t4 7AI' YA ',otryA i,~~~~~~~~~~~I' 11 i \ ( Muur _ _ + . 1~~~~~~~ / hEY~~rvrI$HiR , A$AIKSAR A~~~~~~~ i S; P A\ani IGOE Figure 1.1 Location of the Project Site Project: Tuz Gou Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title, Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date i 15o10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ei APPENDIX-G Page 34 /41 Atrknfl Plan. - f * : Figure 1.2 The Neotectonic Structure of Turkey and Close Surroundings (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988) The relative movement between Anatolian Block and Arabian Plate has been taken over by the left directed lateral East Anatolian fault zone (look at Figure 1.2). The geological slide rate throughout the fault is about 0,5 cm/year. In the last few centunes, very few M > 6,5 earthquakes have occurred over the East Anatolian Fault. These are 1905 ( M = 6,8), 1908 ( M = 6,7) and 1971 ( M = 6,7) earthquakes. It is known to us that the fault zone has historically experienced some earthquakes with intensity > VIII, with 1995 earthquake being the biggest and most recent (Ambraseys, 1970). The East Anatolian Fault is located approximately 300 km east of the project site. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15 102001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT b)LLE APPEN DIX-G Page 35 /41 d 00fi iw~~~~~~~~~i The Ceta AaoianThtas Frcue in' th Las Cetr -,R -," ~~. ~ _3 -_ " . X X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~b Figure 1.3 The Fragments of the North Anatolian Fault Located at the North of The Central Anatolia and That has Fractured in the Last Century with consecutive earthquakes (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988) Tuz Golu, Alaca-Ezinepazari and Ecemi, faults are the most prominent in-plate faults of the Anatolian Block (look at Figure 1.2). Although the seismicity along these plates are not very significant as compared to the other in-plate ones, the geological studies set out an evidence as per their activity. Right directed lateral Alaca-Ezinepazari fault is comprised of two sections. The east fault block of 90 km has been prevented to inflect at 15° to the southwest of Niksar basin and therefore it has separated from the North Anatolian Fault. This section is one of the far west fragments which has fractured during the 26 December 1939 Erzincan earthquake (Ms = 8) (look at Figure 1.3). The second section of the Alaca-Ezinepazari fault is 150 km long. This part, which has separated fi om the previous part with 240 inflection, is seismically less active (Barka and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988). Tuz Golu basin is surrounded with big in-plate faults. The Tuz Golu fault lies in the northwest- southeast direction in the east shores of the basin and is comprised of two sections: (i) northwest section of 100 km long, and (ii) southeast section of 80 km long (look at Figure 1.2). Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 _ ~~~~~~~~Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 1510.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-G Page 36 / 41 Northeast-southwest inclined left directed lateral Ecemis Fault is approximately 100 km long and extends from Erciyes Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea (look at Figure 1.2). Although the creation of the fault has started in the Eocene, the movement still continues as of today (Yeti, and Demirkol, 1984), and this condition has been proven with various macro-seismic interpretations. The seismic activity of this zone has been intensely investigated at the Turkish Electric Authority Report (1983). Besides the abovementioned faults, the active fault map prepared by the General Directorate of Mine Investigation and Research also points out that there are some small in-plate faults near the proposed project site (look at Figure 1.4). Among these, the fault fractured during the 19 April 1938 Ms = 6,8 Kir§ehir Earthquake also takes place. - ij!4 a9.\.1h! t / -. 4*7 N~~ N i /vZ *-1 I' -- . i , , , .. _~~~~~~~ . ..-...,., _,_ i~~- 1s d! IL e, Figure 1.4 The Active Fault Map of the Region (,9aro§lu eta!., 1992) The historical seismicity (as of magnitude, and when present, as of intensity ratio) and the instrumental seismicity of the Central Anatolian region has been given in Figures 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. As can be easily seen from these figures, most of the seismic activity is gathered Project: Tuz GoIu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15 10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES 4, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ^i 7 j LPLbL2 APPEN DIX-G Page 37 /41 around the sections of the North Anatolian Fault. The remaining events are mostly related with small and/or less active in-plate faults. _ ~~~I, I IV AD b tMAD, M 4tN - - X O '- /- ° ,- 0~~~~~~ oc / I o_ 0 40N - ~ o 0 0 0~~~~ /0~~~~~ 0 0 0~~~~ 0N 0 N 000 ' 311E 32"! 33E 34SE 3E 3rWE 7 Figure 1.5 Historical Seismicity of the Project Site 2 Assessment of the Earthquake Risk To calculate the earthquake rsk at the project site, both statistical and deterministic methods have been utilized. 1. The Peak Ground acceleration values exceeding the 10% and 2% probability values at the rough soil level have been calculated as by using the attenuation (absorption of the seismic waves within the ground) relations proposed by Boore et al. (1997), Campbell (1997) and Sadigh et at. (1997). The results are given in Table 2.1. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12-0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date 15 10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-G Page 38 / 41 0 0 0~~ 0~~~~~~ 40 N - - 0 -~~ .,,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W 1'', AD_ toL6_D A - 0' 0 0lQ6N - Xj / , 0 0 ', 0° o 4 f o-- e 3K7IN ° iX # 3¢F°sU - 32°E JWE 34WE 5* : Figure 1.6 Historical Seismicity of the Region 42.N < o0:0 717 0 0~~~~~~~~~~0 - / 0 0~~~~~0 40ON~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 310E 32E 33E 34GE 35E 3WE 37E Figure 1.7 Instrumental Seismicity of the Project Site Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ' ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eaay APPENDIX-G Page 39 /41 Probability values in 50 years Attenuation Curve 10% 2% Joyner and Boore (1997) 0,14 g 0,24 g Campbell (1997) 0,16 g 0,31 g Sadigh et a/. (1997) 0,20 g 0,38 g Arithmetic average of PGA 0,17 g 0,31 g Table 2.1 Probabilistic Peak Ground Accelerations Obtained for the Project Site 2. By using a deterministic approach, two critical earthquakes have been determined for the project site. Firstly; the earthquake of 7,5 magnitude due to reverse fault, is assumed to occur on the Tuz Golu Fault which is 50 km away from the project site, being the closest active fault. Secondly; by considering historical facts indicating that in-plate earthquakes, such as the 19.04.1938 dated Kir§ehir earthquake, of 6,5 magnitude can develop at any place in Anatolia; it has been decided to place the epicenter of a 6,5 magnitude earthquake at a distance of 5 km from the project site. Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Displacement have been calculated for these two earthquakes. The obtained results are presented in Tables 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. Deterministic Case Attenuation Curve M = 7,5 (at 50 km) M = 6,5 (at 5 km) Joyner and Boore (1997) 0,10 g 0,24 g Campbell (1997) 0,08 g 0,42 g Sadigh et a. (1997) 0,12g 0,29 g Arithmetic average of PGA 0,10 g 0,31 g Table 2.2 Deterministic Peak Ground Accelerations Obtained for the Project Site Deterministic Case Type of land displacement M = 7,5 (at 50 km) M = 6,5 (at 5km) Horizontal 7,8 cm 7,9 cm Vertical 3,1 cm 4,7 cm Table 2.3 Probabilistic Peak Ground Accelerations Obtained for the Project Site 3 Conclusion The project site is located at one of the least seismic and most stable regions of Anatolia. However, the past seismic history of Turkey provides evidence that earthquakes of 6,5 magnitude Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eB77:ej XPb1W APPENDIX-G Page 40 / 41 can arise at almost any unexpected location within the country. Consequently, in terms of the results of such a variable case, it would be a more foresighted approach to account for a long term seismic risk in the site. When evaluated in long term (average return period within 5000 year term), PGA will be about 0,3. When evaluated in short term (which is approximately 500 year return period), PGA will bear a value of 0,17g. According to the facility to be established on the project site, a more certain seismic risk assessment can be made. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-G Page 41 / 41 4 BibliopraDhy Ambraseys, N. N., 1970, Some Characteristic Features of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Tectonophysics, 9, 143-165. Barka, A. A. and Kadinsky-Cade, 1988, Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity, Tectonics, 7, No. 3, 663-684. Boore, D. M., W. B. Joyner and T. E. Fumal (1997), Equations for Estimating Horizontal Response Spectra and Peak Acceleration from Westem North American Earthquakes: A summary of Recent Work, Seismological Research Letters, V. 68, No: 1, pp. 128-153. Campbell, K. W., 1997, Empirical Near Source Attenuation relationship for horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Pseudo-absolute Acceleration Response Spectra, Seismological Research Letters, V. 68, No: 1, pp. 154-179. Gregor, N. J., 1995, The Attenuation of Strong Ground Motion Displacements, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report No: UBC/EERC-95/02, June, p. 227. Sadigh, K., C. Y. Chang, J. A. Eagan, F. Makdisi, R. R. Youngs, 1997, Attenuation Relationships for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes on California Strong Motion Data, Seismological Research Letters, 68, pp. 180-189. ,aroglu, F., Emre, 0. and Ku,su, I., 1992, Turkiye'nin Aktif Fay Hantasi, MTA Publications, Ankara. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Seismicitiy Report Document No: Revision: 0 Date: 15.10.2001 I I f I i4 i I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eXvy APPENDIX-H Page 1 / 6 APPENDIX - H GENERAL INFORMATION ON MAJOR SOIL GROUPS Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 2 / 6 SOILS Due to the differences in climate and topography in the region, various soils are developed. The information about soils given in the subtitles below is complied from the sources issued by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services (GDRS, 1993). Alluvial Soils The soils of concern are (A) C profiled young soils, which are transported by the rivers and developed over deposited material. The mineral content depends on the lithological composition of the river basin and the erosion and depositional stages in the course of soil development carried out in the geological periods, and it is heterogeneous. In its profiles, the formation of horizons either does not exist or very slightly evident. On the contrary, layers of various characteristics can be observed. Majority of them are rich in lime, which is washed down from the up-slope fields. Alluvial soils are classified in accordance to their texture, the region at which they are found or development stages. The topsoil shows transition to the subsoil imperceptibly. As for the alluvial soils having a fine texture and high groundwater, vertical permeability is low. The surface is damp and rich in organic matter. At the subsoil, a minor reduction process is observed. Since the coarse textured ones are well drained, the surface layers break easily. The vegetation depends on the climate. They are convenient and productive soils, which all kinds of culture plants that can comply with the climate of the region can be cultivated. Hydromorphic Alluvial Soils Hydromorphic alluvial soils are intrazonal soils, which their development carries out under the influence of water. Given that their topography is flat or hollow, the groundwater is high. The water can reach up to the surface in some seasons. Even in the case when the groundwater level decreases, the sub layers are constantly moist. The declines and inclines in the groundwater level leads to oxidations and reductions observed consecutively in the layers found over the water level. Consequently bluish gray reduction and reddish oxidation (rust) spots are developed in these layers. The layers resting below the groundwater level are completely glaysols and black spots resulted from the decay of the plant roots are present. Although the depth is high, the glaysols layers restrict the root section of the plant. Natural vegetation comprises of meadow and pasture, and reeds or other plants that likes water. In Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ' ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eLPL1a R APPENDIX-H Page 3 / 6 case if simple drainage measures would be taken, the fodder plants and some tree species resistant to water can be cultivated. Colluvial Soils In general they are located at the feet of steep slopes and at the mounts of the valleys. They are (A) C profiled young soils, which are developed over the materials that are transported by gravity, soil slide, surface flow and side creeks and deposited. Moreover, although they mostly resembles the upslope field soils in terms of their characteristics, the grading in the main material either does not exists or insufficient. In the profile, layers of various piece sizes are observed according to the intensity of precipitation or surface run-off and slope degree. These layers are irregular, not parallel to each other as for the alluvial soils. The soils found on the steep slopes and mounts of valleys are mostly comprised of less soil and contain coarse rocks and debris. The diameter of the pieces lessens with the decreasing rate of the speed of surface run-off. In places where the slope is very low and the particle is similar sized to the alluvial pieces, the colluvial soils merge into the alluvial soils transitionally. The slope is of one type and increases towards the direction where the material is coming. Although they are subjected to floods occasionally, their drainage is well owing to their slope and texture. They do not have problems such as salinity and being sodic. The natural vegetation vanes with the climate and as for the colluvial soils utilized in agriculture their productivity is high in case if the precipitation is sufficient or irrigation is present. Organic Soils The organic soils, also referred as moist peat soils, contain high percentage of organic matter in their content. The organic soils develop on a concave topography with a very high groundwater level and no external flow. Therefore, together with the drainage problems, salinity is an additional problem. They are formed in the consequence of slow decomposition of the root, stalk and leaves of the halophytic plants such as reeds, under conditions without air inside high groundwater, and moreover the deposition and accumulation of these substances. These soils are formed as a consequence of slowly decomposition and continuous piling, accumulation of the roots, stems and leaves of very aqua-philic plants like reeds and rushes submerged under high base water in air-free conditions.Therefore, organic soils are in-situ accumulated soils genetically. The organic soils are evaluated in two sections, namely Pit and Mak, in accordance to the decomposition rate of the plant residues in their content. Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - APPEN DIX-H Page 4/ 6 Considenng Pit, the plant residues comprising the organic matter are not completely decomposed. The original state of the plants is evident and it is possible to identify their type. As for Mak, the plant residues comprising the organic matter are completely decomposed. The original state of the plants is not evident and it is not possible to determine their type. The natural vegetation is marshland forest or reeds and weeds. Their productivity vared from low to medium. In case is the soil possessing a very poor natural drainage would be drained, the productivity increases and special products can be cultivated. Brown Soils The brown soils are ABC profiled soils composed of various main materials. Calcification plays a role in their development. In the consequence of this process, an abundant amount of calcium is found in their profiles. Considering the brown soils, which are subjected to erosion, A and C horizons are seen. Their natural drainage is good. Al horizon is brown or grayish brown, 10-15 cm in thickness and granular structured. Its organic matter content is medium. Its reaction is neutral or alkalic. The color of B horizon varies from light brown to dark brown. Its structure is of rough round edged block. This horizon shows a gradual transition to the main material, which is pale brown or grayish and limy. In brown soils the entire profile is limy. At the bottom of B horizon, whitish and mostly harden lime accumulation layer is found. Under the layer of concern, a gypsum accumulation layer can be observed. These soils remain dry through long periods in summer. During these periods, the chemical and biological activities are slow. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES . ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e V 7 APPENDIX-H Page 5/ 6 Reddish Brown Soils Except for their respiration color, almost all other charactenstics are same or similar with the brown soils. A horzon is reddish brown or red typically. Its consistency is soft. B horizon is red or reddish brown, thicker textured and rather compact. CaCQ3 accumulation horizon is found under B horizon. This whitish colored horizon can be soft or cemented. The reddish brown soils are developed over various main materials. The natural vegetation is lengthy weeds and shrubs. Their drainage is good. Vertisol Soils Vertisol soils are AC profiled soils. A horizon is thick and dark colored but the amount of organic matter is relatively low and it can contain CaCQ3. The upper parts of A horizon is dry, granular structured and mostly cracked, whereas its lower parts are commonly prismatic structured. No evident wash down and accumulation horizons are present. Vertisols are thick textured, dark colored soils, which generally shrink during arid seasons and dilate in rainy seasons. These soils possess deep and wide cracks, gilgai micro relief and slide surfaces. Gilgai micro relief is hillocks and mall depressions having 5-15 cm height. The cracks developed due to shrinkage leads to polygons, which their diameter varies between 1-4 m. The main substance of vertisols is transported material. However, some are formed in-situ in the consequence of the decomposition of basalt or limestone. There is no special climate type for vertisols and their natural vegetation is miscellaneous. Regosol Soils The regosol soils are azonal soils, which adopt its all characteristics from the main material different from the other soil development factors. These are azonal soils taking all of its character from the main substance different from other soil formation factors. They are (A) C profiled soils. These soils can be formed by coarse textured sediments derived from calcareous or non-calcareous rocks or soft sediments and also by impartial, not harden deposits. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eaV X PLL APPENDIX-H Page6/6 A horizon is mainly mineral. This horizon is poorly developed, coarse textured and has a low and medium depth. It does not possess an evident transition to C horizon. Regosol soils can develop in all climates. Primarily due to the high permeability and low water withholding capacity of these soils, they are dry at all times no matter what the climate of the region would be. In general these soils are located at sand dunes, loess and steep inclined glacier accumulation areas. The natural vegetation is composed of frequently poor or very poor developed sparse short weeds. Most commonly, syrian rue, wild oat, spiny restharrow and other thorns, shrubs are encountered. In regosols, the topography is generally undulated, slightly undulated, partially flat and undulated, whereas the slope is flat, close to flat or slight. Arid (brine -sodic) Soils The arid soils mostly possess a concave topography, which is surrounded by alluvial soils and has no external flow, or flat slopes. Accordingly, their salinity is high. The increase in the groundwater level, floods and excessive evaporation lead to salt accumulation on the soil surface. Salt is especially found on the surface as white crystals and also along the profile. These soils are involved in the halomorphic lower sequence of the intrazonal soils and takes up all characteristics from the salt with high rate. They have evident A, B and C horizons. Because of the high salt content, it is not possible to cultivate culture plants without enhancement. They are still utilized as spoilt pasture. The natural vegetation is halophytic plants and shrubs. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-H Page 1 /6 APPENDIX - H GENERAL INFORMATION ON MAJOR SOIL GROUPS Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES , ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT -7 S i APPEN DIX-H Page 2/ 6 SOILS Due to the differences in climate and topography in the region, various soils are developed. The information about soils given in the subtitles below is complied from the sources issued by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services (GDRS, 1993). Alluvial Soils The soils of concern are (A) C profiled young soils, which are transported by the rivers and developed over deposited material. The mineral content depends on the lithological composition of the river basin and the erosion and depositional stages in the course of soil development carried out in the geological periods, and it is heterogeneous. In its profiles, the formation of horizons either does not exist or very slightly evident. On the contrary, layers of various characteristics can be observed. Majority of them are rich in lime, which is washed down from the up-slope fields. Alluvial soils are classified in accordance to their texture, the region at which they are found or development stages. The topsoil shows transition to the subsoil imperceptibly. As for the alluvial soils having a fine texture and high groundwater, vertical permeability is low. The surface is damp and rich in organic matter. At the subsoil, a minor reduction process is observed. Since the coarse textured ones are well drained, the surface layers break easily. The vegetation depends on the climate. They are convenient and productive soils, which all kinds of culture plants that can comply with the climate of the region can be cultivated. Hydromorphic Alluvial Soils Hydromorphic alluvial soils are intrazonal soils, which their development carries out under the influence of water. Given that their topography is flat or hollow, the groundwater is high. The water can reach up to the surface in some seasons. Even in the case when the groundwater level decreases, the sub layers are constantly moist. The declines and inclines in the groundwater level leads to oxidations and reductions observed consecutively in the layers found over the water level. Consequently bluish gray reduction and reddish oxidation (rust) spots are developed in these layers. The layers resting below the groundwater level are completely glaysols and black spots resulted from the decay of the plant roots are present. Although the depth is high, the glaysols layers restrict the root section of the plant. Natural vegetation comprises of meadow and pasture, and reeds or other plants that likes water. In Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 3/ 6 case if simple drainage measures would be taken, the fodder plants and some tree species resistant to water can be cultivated. Colluvial Soils In general they are located at the feet of steep slopes and at the mounts of the valleys. They are (A) C profiled young soils, which are developed over the materials that are transported by gravity, soil slide, surface flow and side creeks and deposited. Moreover, although they mostly resembles the upslope field soils in terms of their characteristics, the grading in the main material either does not exists or insufficient. In the profile, layers of various piece sizes are observed according to the intensity of precipitation or surface run-off and slope degree. These layers are irregular, not parallel to each other as for the alluvial soils. The soils found on the steep slopes and mounts of valleys are mostly comprised of less soil and contain coarse rocks and debris. The diameter of the pieces lessens with the decreasing rate of the speed of surface run-off. In places where the slope is very low and the particle is similar sized to the alluvial pieces, the colluvial soils merge into the alluvial soils transitionally. The slope is of one type and increases towards the direction where the material is coming. Although they are subjected to floods occasionally, their drainage is well owing to their slope and texture. They do not have problems such as salinity and being sodic. The natural vegetation varies with the climate and as for the colluvial soils utilized in agriculture their productivity is high in case if the precipitation is sufficient or irrigation is present. Organic Soils The organic soils, also referred as moist peat soils, contain high percentage of organic matter in their content. The organic soils develop on a concave topography with a very high groundwater level and no external flow. Therefore, together with the drainage problems, salinity is an additional problem. They are formed in the consequence of slow decomposition of the root, stalk and leaves of the halophytic plants such as reeds, under conditions without air inside high groundwater, and moreover the deposition and accumulation of these substances. These soils are formed as a consequence of slowly decomposition and continuous piling, accumulation of the roots, stems and leaves of very aqua-philic plants like reeds and rushes submerged under high base water in air-free conditions.Therefore, organic soils are in-situ accumulated soils genetically. The organic soils are evaluated in two sections, namely Pit and Mak, in accordance to the decomposition rate of the plant residues in their content. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and ConsuKtancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ePL1a APPENDIX-H Page4/6 Considerng Pit, the plant residues comprising the organic matter are not completely decomposed. The original state of the plants is evident and it is possible to identify their type. As for Mak, the plant residues comprising the organic matter are completely decomposed. The original state of the plants is not evident and it is not possible to determine their type. The natural vegetation is marshland forest or reeds and weeds. Their productivity varied from low to medium. In case is the soil possessing a very poor natural drainage would be drained, the productivity increases and special products can be cultivated. Brown Soils The brown soils are ABC profiled soils composed of various main materials. Calcification plays a role in their development. In the consequence of this process, an abundant amount of calcium is found in their profiles. Considering the brown soils, which are subjected to erosion, A and C horizons are seen. Their natural drainage is good. Al horizon is brown or grayish brown, 10-15 cm in thickness and granular structured. Its organic matter content is medium. Its reaction is neutral or alkalic. The color of B horizon varies from light brown to dark brown. Its structure is of rough round edged block. This horizon shows a gradual transition to the main material, which is pale brown or grayish and limy. In brown soils the entire profile is limy. At the bottom of B horizon, whitish and mostly harden lime accumulation layer is found. Under the layer of concern, a gypsum accumulation layer can be observed. These soils remain dry through long periods in summer. During these periods, the chemical and biological activities are slow. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page5/6 Reddish Brown Soils Except for their respiration color, almost all other characteristics are same or similar with the brown soils. A horizon is reddish brown or red typically. Its consistency is soft. B horizon is red or reddish brown, thicker textured and rather compact. CaCQ3 accumulation horizon is found under B horizon. This whitish colored horizon can be soft or cemented. The reddish brown soils are developed over various main materials. The natural vegetation is lengthy weeds and shrubs. Their drainage is good. Vertisol Soils Vertisol soils are AC profiled soils. A horizon is thick and dark colored but the amount of organic matter is relatively low and it can contain CaCO3. The upper parts of A horizon is dry, granular structured and mostly cracked, whereas its lower parts are commonly prismatic structured. No evident wash down and accumulation horizons are present. Vertisols are thick textured, dark colored soils, which generally shrink during arid seasons and dilate in rainy seasons. These soils possess deep and wide cracks, gilgai micro relief and slide surfaces. Gilgai micro relief is hillocks and mall depressions having 5-15 cm height. The cracks developed due to shrinkage leads to polygons, which their diameter varies between 1-4 m. The main substance of vertisols is transported material. However, some are formed in-situ in the consequence of the decomposition of basalt or limestone. There is no special climate type for vertisols and their natural vegetation is miscellaneous. Regosol Soils The regosol soils are azonal soils, which adopt its all characteristics from the main material different from the other soil development factors. These are azonal soils taking all of its character from the main substance different from other soil formation factors. They are (A) C profiled soils. These soils can be formed by coarse textured sediments derived from calcareous or non-calcareous rocks or soft sediments and also by impartial, not harden deposits. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT -' APPEN DIX-H Page 6 6 A horizon is mainly mineral. This horizon is poorly developed, coarse textured and has a low and medium depth. It does not possess an evident transition to C horizon. Regosol soils can develop in all climates. Primarily due to the high permeability and low water withholding capacity of these soils, they are dry at all times no matter what the climate of the region would be. In general these soils are located at sand dunes, loess and steep inclined glacier accumulation areas. The natural vegetation is composed of frequently poor or very poor developed sparse short weeds. Most commonly, syrian rue, wild oat, spiny restharrow and other thorns, shrubs are encountered. In regosols, the topography is generally undulated, slightly undulated, partially flat and undulated, whereas the slope is flat, close to flat or slight. Arid (brine -sodic) Soils The and soils mostly possess a concave topography, which is surrounded by alluvial soils and has no extemal flow, or flat slopes. Accordingly, their salinity is high. The increase in the groundwater level, floods and excessive evaporation lead to salt accumulation on the soil surface. Salt is especially found on the surface as white crystals and also along the profile. These soils are involved in the halomorphic lower sequence of the intrazonal soils and takes up all characterstics from the salt with high rate. They have evident A, B and C horizons. Because of the high salt content, it is not possible to cultivate culture plants without enhancement. They are still utilized as spoilt pasture. The natural vegetation is halophytic plants and shrubs. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consuftancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT elY, tj XLPL [I APPENDIX-I Page 1 / 5 APPENDIX - I SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT T.R. PRIME MINISTRY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF RURAL SERVICES Directorate of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute SALINITY LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT Sample Owner ENVY Inc. Sampling Location Sultanhani / AKSARAY Report Date 03.02.2001 Lab. pH EC Exchangeable Cations (%) CEC Boron No (dS/m) Na K Ca Mg (me/IOog) (ppm) 2 8.24 57.350 7.55 5.71 71.31 13.01 31.65 1.701 3 8.16 2.638 1.23 4.84 82.47 11.19 18.58 0.034 4 8.21 0.906 1.32 10.57 85.40 2.33 21.85 0.082 5 8.08 5.735 3.92 1.54 77.39 0.65 26.62 0.430 6 8.20 1.066 1.15 6.16 73.60 4.97 32.77 0.073 7 8.15 0.871 8.38 0.90 64.41 22.61 16.58 0.127 8 8.12 1.771 1.75 4.32 53.76 30.36 15.94 0.028 9 7.89 6.882 1.33 7.86 68.00 18.48 12.72 0.060 10 8.15 0.802 1.82 4.39 69.70 20.13 17.53 0.047 11 8.16 1.720 1.58 5.34 78.61 11.68 20.20 0.039 12 8.17 1.261 1.25 11.17 69.06 9.76 24.79 0.045 13 8.19 0.963 1.03 6.22 68.95 14.78 20.23 0.065 14 8.20 1.491 1.93 10.97 80.71 4.54 19.13 0.019 15 8.23 4.014 4.65 3.65 67.64 18.33 15.05 0.061 Note: Since the soil sample number 1 is of inadequate amount, no analyses can be carried out. Chief of Laboratory Head of Department Emel GUVEN Sema CiZiKCi Chemical Engineer Agricultural Engineer (M.Sc.) (Signature) (Signature) * T.R. PRIME MINISTRY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF RURAL SERVICES Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute SOIL PHYSICS LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT Sender of Sample and Address : Envy Inc. - Aksaray Report Date : 02.03.2001 Soil No % Sand % Silt % Clay Texture Class 1 42.81 44.03 13.16 L 4 32.01 36.57 31.42 CL 6 25.55 35.06 39.39 CL 7 88.45 1.69 9.86 LS 11 49.59 25.66 24.75 SCL 12 30.87 38.85 30.28 CL Note: As 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15 numbered soil samples comprise more than 45% of lime, no texture analysis can be carried out. Faik ERGUL Sema QiZiKCI (Signature) (Signature) Agricultural Engineer Agricultural Engineer (M.Sc.) Chief of Laboratory Head of Water Management Department T.R. PRIME MINISTRY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF RURAL SERVICES Directorate of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute ANALYSIS REPORT Report Date 01/03/2001 Report Number 0225/2 Sender of Sample ENVY Inc. (Hakan Yilmaz) Lab. No Sample Total Lab. No Sample Name Total Name Nitrogen ()Nitrogen(% 2001/1 1 0.550 2001/9 4 30-60 0.072 2001/2 2 0.190 2001/10 Well 2 0.050 2001/3 3 0.160 2001/11 Bucak Plateau 0.130 2001/4 4 0.170 2001/12 Tonur Plateau 0.250 2001/5 5 0.130 2001/13 Hoyuk 0.170 2001/6 6 0.150 2001/14 Hoyuk Alti 0.160 2001/7 7 0.039 2001/15 No information 0.120 2001/8 8 0.067 (Signature) (Signature) (Signature) Analysis is carried out by Chief of Laboratory Head of Soil Management Dilek TERZI Kadriye KALINBACAK Dr. ibrahim GUCDEMIR Agricultural Engineer Agricultural Engineer (M.Sc.) Agricultural Engineer (M.Sc.) P.K. 54,06172 Tel: 0 312 - 315 6560 - 315 5056 Fax: 0 312 - 315 2931 Yenimahalle/ANKARA URL: http/www.khgm.gov.tr/tgae.htm e-mail: tgb_ae@khgm.gov.tr T.R. PRIME MINISTRY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF RURAL SERVICES Directorate of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute SOIL ANALYSIS REPORT Address of Sender of Sample: Report Number ENVY Inc. (HAKAN YILMAZ) Report Date AKSARAY SULTANHANI Nutrients effective Pure matter on plants kg/decarerequired to be Saturation pH in soil Lime on plantsgiven kg/decare To whom the soil belong to, Order Lab. Plant to Depth with water Total saturated CaCO3 Phosphor Potas. Organic Phosphor Nitro. location and date of sample No No be Sown cm % salt % with water % P205 K20 matter % P205 N 1 1 73 C 0.390 7.86 31.9 90.6 143 6.08 2 2 65 CL 2.450 8.15 65.2 12.5 21 1.95 3 3 51 CL 0.107 7.47 48.9 11.4 127 1.79 4 4 57 CL 0.045 7.58 42.2 13.7 266 1.95 5 5 62 CL 0.335 7.69 48.9 2.2 51 1.46 6 1 6 50 L 0.041 7.68 27.4 7.62 232 1.94 7 7 44 L 0.035 8.34 28.2 3.23 19 0.33 8 8 44 L 0.055 7.42 43.3 3.23 105 1.26 4 30-60 9 67 CL 0.400 7.31 70 2.71 290 0.65 Well 2 10 36 L ESERI 7.74 45.6 10.2 113 1.13 Between Bucak Plateau/Well 2 11 41 L 0.073 7.46 34.1 12.5 133 1.39 Tonur Plateau 12 60 CL 0.054 7.68 41.5 25.8 337 2.72 Hoyuk 13 52 CL 0.035 7.78 50.4 15.2 156 1.79 Hoyuk Alti 14 45 L 0.048 7.70 46.7 25.5 241 1.79 Yazisiz 15 70 CL 0.181 7.52 58.5 21.4 96 1.78 i i i i i i I i i t i I I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES _^ L E ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTecrX APPENDIX-L Page 1/21 APPENDIX - L REGIONAL FAUNA INVENTORY Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision- 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES #^ .. _ - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT oc APPENDIX-L Page 2 21 FAUNA INVENTORY The fauna inventory was prepared based on land studies with assistance of a broad literature survey and local people's observations. The fauna inventory comprises Amphibians as well. Along with each species, the information such as its scientific name, habitat, distribution in Turkey, population density, risk status, status according to Bem Convention and impact probability are stated. The birds under risk were based on Kiziroglu (1993). As for other fauna species, Demirsoy (1996) and IUCN (1994) are given discretely. The risk classification scales are as follows. Risk classification used by Demirsoy (1996): In the studies of Demirsoy, risk classification is given by the category symbols proposed by Wells and others (1983) and utilized in IUCN Red Data Book. These are: E : Endangered: Taxon (species or sub-species) is facing a risk of extinction; factors causing the taxon to be extinct still carries on. Ex: Extinct: Taxon is extinct in the wild or declined under recovery number. However, only regenerates under protection. I In determinate: The status of taxon is not known. K: Insufficient The status of taxon is undetermined because of the lack of information. nt: Taxon is not in danger thus far. 0: Out of danger Taxon is formerly in danger, however recovered by means of protective measures taken. R : Rare: Taxon which is observed in small populations, not in danger presently, however candidate to be involved in "V" category if no required protective measures are taken. V : Vulnerable: Taxon is facing a risk of extinction rapidly and if no measures would be taken, its extinction risk in the near future is high. Risk classification used by Kiziroglu (1993) for birds: Al : Species under extinction or endangered species. A1.1 : Species under extinction. A1.2 : Species which are low in number (1-25 couples in Turkey). A2 : Species which are under a certain level of risk in their range and have a population in between 26-50 couples. A3 : Species with a population in between 51-200 (500) couples, however which are rather lessen in some regions. A4 : Species which are lesser in some regions and low in number. B : Species which temporarily visit Turkey and would be under risk together with the loss of their biotopes. B1 : Species dwelling for the winter but not breeding in Anatolia. Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTa P LL ; APPENDIX-L Page 3/ 21 B2-B3: Species passing through Anatolia or species dwelling for the winter in Anatolia and having a lower risk level. Risk classification in accordance to IUCN (1994): Risk classification is the "Red List Categores" published by IUCN presently. In European countries, the classification of flora and fauna species in accordance to IUCN risk categories has been realized dating from the year 1970. Studies carried out in Turkey are present as well. However, likewise numerous European countries, the risk classification in accordance to IUCN (1994) is not realized in Turkey up till now. The classification of concern in the report is realized within the content of this study. (EW) : "Extinct in the Wild" A taxon is presumed extinct in the wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times, throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. (CR) : "Critically Endangered" A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. (EN) : "Endangered"A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. (VU) : "Vulnerable"Although not included in CR and EN groups, taxon is vulnerable as it is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium termed future. (LR) : "Lower Risk" Taxon is not included in any groups listed above and its population is in better condition compared to others. Taxa included in the Lower Risk category can be separated into three subcategories in terms of the risk in the future: 1. (cd) : "Conservation Dependent" Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon- or habitat-specific conservation program targeted towards the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years. 2. (nt) : "Near Threatened" Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. 3. (Ic) : " Least Concern" Taxa which do not require any protection and are not under risk. Abbreviations: W : West S : South N :North Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14-01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES f,j_L L_L ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTu F APPENDIX-L Page 4/21 E :East SE Southeast End Endemic For Birds Status: R : Resident birds observed in all seasons M : Migratory birds breeding in Turkey WV : Winter visitors (Birds coming to our country in winter just to accommodate) PV : Passage visitors Distribution in Turkey: AR : All Regions Bs : Black Sea Region Ma : Marmara Region Ae : Aegean Region Med : Mediterranean Region C : Central Anatolia Region Ea : East Anatolia Region SEa : Southeast Anatolia Region Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 * *. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTnu ; X7 Page 5/ 21 Table K.1. Amphibian (Amphibia) HABITAT OBSERVE~ ~DISON UT INUATO SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ERL BERN jSOURCE HABITAT OBSERVED ONIN T DENSITY IUCN 2000 Anura Pelobatidae Pelobates synacus | Eastern Spadefoot f nt 1 Appendix o Inside loose and soft [Project site and Widespread High 1 LR-lc ____________________________ II [ ~~~~soils its vicinity j W d s r a Bufonidae Hides at various hollows Appendix such as under the Project site and Wdsra o Rn Bufo bufo Common Toad nt Appedi O stones, inside the soil its vicinity Widespread Low LR-nt Bufo btfo Comon Toa ntduring the day and active on nights Hides at various hollows Appendix ~~such as under the Proetsean Bufo viridis viridis Green Toad nt Appendix 0 stones, inside the soil its vicinady Widespread High LR-nt during the day and 0:I I active on nightsO v Hylidae Hyla arborea |Tree Frog |nt |Appiendix | Over trees and shrub |Projiesct csitne andl Widespread | High | LR-nt Ranidae Ran rdibaunndnda |Marsh Frog nt TApplelndix I In water |Project seitie and |Widespread | High LR-Ic O: Observation Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu j i IL Page 6/ 21 Table K.2. Reptiles Reptilia) SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ERL BERN SOURCE HABITAT OBSERVED ON IN PULAIO CN 2000 TURKEY DESY Testudinidae Testudo graeca ibera Common Tortoise nt Appendix II Sandy-gravelly and Project site Widespread High LR-c Testudo graecIa Farid fields I its vicinityd WdsradHg Rl Emydidae i Emysorbiculans | European Pond nt Appendix II i Still and running Project site and Widespread Abundant LR-lc Emys orbiculan I Turtle nt Apni I 0waters its vicinity Agamidae Widespread Agama (Laudakia) Clown Agama nt Appendix II 0 Rocky and stony areas its vicinity Anoteorn High LR-Ic stellio stellioitvinty Nrhn __________ ______________ ~~~Anatolia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - Agama ruderata Project site and Central, E ruderata Agama . nt Appendix III 0 Steppe its vicinity and SE High LR-lc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _A n at lia_An a to lia_ _ Lacertidae Lacerta parva Squamata Lizard nt Appendix 1_ 0 Arid areas and areas Project site and Central and Medium LR-lc Lacerta____________ parva__ _ Squamata_ Lizard_nt_AppendixII with poor vegetation its vicinity NE Anatolia Medium Anato Lacerta trilineata Balkan Green Stony areas rich in Projectinite aid galatiensis Lizard nt Appendix 11 0 flora, orchard and rosjectisiteyn Central Low LR-Ic galatiensis Lizard ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~gardens isvcnt Ophisops elegans Snake-Eyed nt Appendix II 0 Arable fields Project site and Central High VU centranato _ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ia_ _ __Lizard_ __ _ __ __ __ _ its vicinity Anatolia, EndHi hV Scincidae T T I .. f I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Central,S Eumcesschneide i Afrikan Gold nt Appendix IllI Under stone or inside Project site and a and SE Low LR-nt Eumeces scneideri ~Skink j__ penxjsoil its vicinity i Anatolia _______ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ~ A ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu e w X PIZ Page 7/21 Table K.2. (continued) DISTRIBUTI 1~ T~ SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME ERL BERN SOURCE HABITAT OBSERVED ONIN |POPULAION IUCN 2000 TURKEY DENSITYJ U Typhlobidae Typhlops vemicularis |European Blind nt Appendix 0II | Inside damp soil and Project site and Widespread High LR-nt Snake n Apedxunder stoe its vicinity Wdsra Hg Rn Boidae Sandyand tony rojet sit and Central, W, 5, Eryxjaculus Sand Boa nt Appendix III T Sandy and stony Project site and SE and E High LR-nt I ~~~~~~~~~areas it iiiy Anatolia Colubridae Arable field, stony Colubercaspius Caspian Snake nt Appendix III 0 slope, marshland Project site and Widespread High LR-nt and stony creek its vicinity banks Central, SW, Coluber najadum Dahl'Snake nt Appendix II 0 Stony or shrubby Project site and 5, SE, NE High LR-nt Snake ~~~~~~~~~~~arid areas its vicinity andE ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ ____ _____I_A n ato lia Eirenis modestus Dwarf Snake nt Appendix III 0 Stony areas with Project site and Widespread High LR-nt ________________ ~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~poor vegetation its vicinity_ _ _ _ _ _ _ sauremates Four-Lined Snake nt Appendix II 0 Forests, shrubby and its vicinty Widespread Low LR-nt fields and gardens Malpolon Project site and W, 5, SE and monspessulanus Montpellier Snake nt Appendix III 0 Stony and arid areas its vicinity Central Low LR-nt insignita I Anatolia Shrubs close to Project site and Wiepad HgLRn Natrix natrix persa Grass Snake nt Appendix III waters and stony its vicinity Widespread High LR-nt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __I_a r e a I__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu egyy XLP1 Page 8/21 Table K.2. (continued) Natnx tessellata | Dice Snake nt Appendix II 0 In water and water |Projectsite:and Widespread High LR-nt tessellata banks its vicinity Viperidae I I I ~~~~~~~~NW Wand Vipera xanthina | Ottoman Viper nt Appendix II 0 Stony areas |Projet siteand| Central Low VU xanthina I its vicinity Anatolia, End 0: Observation ERL: European Red List Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTiu ;E Page 9/ 21 Table K.3. Birds Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB|IUCN BERN GCD END Biotope Diribtiorkey |Probability Sta PODICIPEDIDAE Grebes N Podiceps cristatus Great Crested 2 2 O A.2 Appendix p In Water Ma, Bs, Ae, High R, WV ______ _____ _____ G rebe _ __ _ __ III _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M ed. C, Ea _ _ _ _ _ _ Podiceps gnsegena Red-necked Grebe 2 2 0 A.2 - Append : In Water Ma, Bs, Ae, High WV Apeni ~ nWtr Med, C, Ea ______ Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe 2 2 0 A.2 Appendix p In Water Ma, Bs, Ae, High R ________ ____________ _ ___ II _______ _______ M ed , C , E a Podiceps ruicollis Little Grebe 2 2 0 A.3 - Appendix P In Water Ma, Bs, Ae, High R, M _______________ _ _ _ _ II _______________I M ed , C , Ea CICONIIDAE Storks =I=__ Areas with sparse Ciconia ciconia White Stork 1 1 O A.3 Appendix P trees, settlement AR Low M, R if areas, marshlands ARLwMR and wetlands __ _____ PHOENICOPTERIDAE Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo 2 2 0 A.2 Appendix Wetlands Ma, Ae, Med C, High M, WV Appendix P - Wetlands ~Ea, SEa ANATIDAE Wildfowl Anseranser Greylag Goose 2 2 0 A.2 Appendix p Pasture, arab field Ma, Bs, Med CR, WV ________ ~~~~III __ and marshlands Ea Hg ,W Anser albifrons White-fronted 2 2 0 B.2 Appendix CS Pasture, arable field Ma, Bs, Ae, Medium WV Goose______ _____III CSand marshlands Med, C, Ea Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck 2 2 0 A 2 Appendix P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, High R, M, WV __________________ ________________ ________ II~1 M ed , C , E a _ _ _ _ _ _ Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck 2 1 0 A.2 Appendix Ma, Bs, Ae, High WV Apeni p - Wetlands Med, C, Ea High___WV Anasplatyrhynchos Mallard 3 1 0 A.4 Appendix CS Reed bed and still AR High R, WV III ~ ~~~~waters__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu Page 10/21 Table K.3. (continued) w ~ ~ _ _ __ _ _ _ ._ _ _ _ _ __ _____ . _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUCN BERN GCD END Blote Distribution Impact Status ______________ ___ ___ _______ ____ ~~~~~~~Characteristics in Turkey Probability Sau Anas crecca Teal 3 1 A A CS areas, water banks Med, C, Ea e, WV 3 1 0 III ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~rich in flora Md ,E ihW Anas acuta Northern Pintail 2 1 0 AA Appendix _ Wetlands AR High M, WV Anas querquedula Garganey 1 1 0 A.3 Appendix CS Plain and hilly fields, AR High M _____________________ _________ _____ III still w aters Anas penelope European Wigeon 2 1 0 A 4 Appendix CS Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae High WV, M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~IIIM ed , C , E a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Anas cypeata Common Shoveler 1 1 0 A.4 A Appendix CS Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, _______________ ________ ~~~~ ~ ~~III Cs_ WelnsMed, C, Ea High_R__WV |ACCIPITRIDAE Hawks, Eagles = = Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle 1 1 0 A.3 Appendix _ Forest, arable field AR High R ________ II _____1 and m eadows_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle 1 1 0 A.2 VU Appendix P Forests and steppe AR High R, WV ____________________ ________________ II~~~~~~~1 with sparse trees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier 1 1 0 A.3 fiAppendix Marshlands, arable Ma, Bs Ae High WV ____________________ ________________ ~~~~~~~~~areas_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Long-legged 2A2peA2ndix Flat areas without ARHg |Buteo rufnus Buzzard 2 2_ _ A.2 A n _ forests and mountains AR High R Buteo buteo Common Buzzard 2 2 0 A.3 = Appendix _ = Forest, arable field AR High WV ____________________ ________________ II _____ ~and m eadow s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FALCONIDAE Falcons 1 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel 3 3 0 A Append Open fields, forests, AR High R ____________________ ________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~provinces_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel - 1 0 A.3 VU Appendix - Plains, High AR High _____________________ __________________ _________ ~~It _ _ _ _ m ountains and ruinsARH gM Falco peregnnus Peregrine Falcon 1 1 0 A.2 Appendix _ Open fields and AR High R ____________________ ________________ II ~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~forests_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuo eavyn Page 11 / 21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name T Common Name | IA O OA I Source | RDB IUCN BERN GCD END Biotope Distribution Impact Status I _______ I I_ _ ___ ___ Characteristics in Turkey Probability _____ Falco columbarius Merlin 3 3 0 B.2 Appendix p Marshlands and hills Ma, Bs, Ae, Medium WV Merlin II ______ ______~~~~~~~1 M ed, C, Ea_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon 1 1 O A.2 = Appendix _ Open fields and small AR High WV __________________ _________ _____ II ~~~~~ ~~forests_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHASIANIDAE Pheasants, PHASIANIDAE Partridges________ - Alectoris chukar Chukar 2 0 A.2 Appendix CS Arable fields, meadow Bs, Ae, Med, C, High R ________________ ________ ~~~~III _ __ __ and rocky fields Ea, SEa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cotumix cotumix Quail 2 0 A. 4 Appendix CS Crop fields and AR High M IIlI __ meadows Grus grus Common Crane 1 1 0 A. 1.2 = Appendix P Wet meadows AR High M, R, PV Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane 1 1 O A.1.2 Appendix P Wet meadows Ma, C, Ea High M, PV RECURVIROSTRIDAE Stilts, Avocets = = Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet 2 1 0 A.4 Appendix P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae Medium M, R. WV II Med, C, Ea~ CHARADRIIDAE Plovers __= Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover 2 1 0 A.2 Appendix P Wetlands AR High M Vanellus vanellus Lapwing 2 2 O A.4 Appendix CS Wetlands and wet Ma, Bs, Ae Medium R, WV __________________ Ill ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~meadows Mcd, C, Ea Medium__ SCOLOPACIDAE Sandpipers _ _ Tnnge stagnatiis Marsh Sandpiper 2 1 0 B.3 Appendix P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ac Medium WV, PV BURHINIDAE Thick-knees Burhinus oedicnemus Stone Curlew 2 1 0 A.3 - Appendix P Wetlands and wet AR Medium I ~ ~ ~ Imeadows ARMduI Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu Page 12 / 21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUCN BERN GCD END Characteristics DinsTiurkte Probabit Status GLAREOLIDAE | Pratincoles jjjjii--j|Y ft Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole 2 1 O A.3 Appendix _ Wetlands Ma, Ae, Med, C, Medium M, PV LARIDAE Gulls Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull 2 1 0 A.4 Appendix p Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, High R Larus minutus Little Gull 1 1 0 B.3 Appendix P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, C, Medium WV, PV I _ __ _II E a__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Larus genei Slender-billed Gull 2 1 0 B.3 Appendix P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, Medium WV, PV A Ix Med, C, Ea Larus argentatus Herring Gull 2 1 0 P Wetlands Ma, Bs, Ae, Low R __- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ffi~~~~~ed ,Ea_ COLUMBIDAE Pigeons, Doves _ Columba palumbus Woodpigeon 3 3 0 AA4 CS Mountainous regions, AR Low R I_______ _____ trees and provinces Streptopelia decaocto Collared Pigeon 3 3 0 Appendix P Settlement areas, AR Low R ____________________ ________________ ________ ~III __ _ w ooded areas . A.2 Appendix Forests close to Streptopelia turtur Turtle Dove 2 0 A2 Appendix CS arable fields and AR High M Ill ~~~~settlement areas __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CUCULIDAE Cuckoos Cuculus canorus Cuckoo 3 - Appendix P Forests, shrubs and AR Low M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~III __ _ g a rd e ns_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ STRIGIDAE Owls _ 1 AppndxArabic fields, orchards |Athena noctua Little Owl 1 1 0 A.3 ppendix p _ and gardens, rocky AR High R _ _ -_ _ II fields . Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu Page 13/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) L_Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUCN BERN GCD END CharBite stic [ Distribution impact Status APODIDAE Swifts l Appendix Vicinity of settlement Apus apus Swift 2 2 0 A.4 Appendi p areas, rocky fields AR High M Ill ~~~~and wooded areas _______ Apus melba Alpine Swift 1 1 0 AA4 Appendix P Rocky slopes AR High M MEROPIDAE Bee-eaters Merops apiaster Bee-eater 2 1 0 A.4 Appendix : Areas with sparse AR High M ________________ ________ _____ ~if _ _ trees and open fieldsARH g CORACIIDAE Rollers I Coracias garrulus Roller 1 1 0 A.2 Appendix _ Open and areas with AR High M _____ II~~~~1 I _ sparse treesARHgM UPUPIDAE Hoopoes I __. Upupa epops Hoopoe - 2 0 A.2 Appendix p Forests, orchards and AR High M ____________________ ________________ II~~~~1 gardens ALAUDIDAE Larks Melanocorypha Appendix P Arabe fields Ma, Ae, Med, C, Low calandra Calandra Lark 2 2- - Appendixfeld Ea, SEa LwR Calandrella Short-toed Lark 2 2 0 A.3 Appendix _ Arid and sandy fields AR High M brachydactyla __ _ _ _ __ _ _ I a y e Alauda arvensis Skylark 2 2 0 Appendix _ Open fields and crop Ma, Bs, Ae, C, Low R ________________ _____ ~~~~~III __ _ fields Med, EaR HIRUNDINIDAE Swallows, Martins . Hirundo rustica Swallow 2 2 O Appendix _ S areas AR Low Delichon urbica House Martin 2 2 0 A.4 Appendix - Settlement areas and AR High M 11 rocky fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu ee Page 14/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) ntific Name Common Name HA | Source RDB |IUCN BERN GOD END . C, Biotope Distribution Impact Status MOTACILLIDAE Pipits, Wagtails aatrsi inT ke Po blt Anthus c_mpestris Tawny Pipit 2 2 0 A.3 Aendix Sandy and gravelly Anthus campestns Tawny Pipit 2 2 0 A.3 - ppendfx P fields, sparse and arid AR High R _I shrubs Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit - 2 O Appendix P Wet meadows and Ma, Bs, Ae, C, Low WV ___________________ ________________ ______ m arshlands Med, Ea _ ________l Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail 2 2 0 Appendix P Wetlands, meadows, Ma, Bs, Ae, C, Low M ____________ ______ ____ ___________ _______ II _____ _____ lake and pond banks M ed, EaM Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail 2 2 0 AA4 Appendix P Wetlands AR High R Motacilla alba Pied Wagtail 2 2 0 AA4 Appendix P Open fields AR High R TURDIDAE Thrushes, Chats _ Enthacus rubecula Robin 2 0 Appendix P Forests, plains, park AR Low R _______ II~~~~1 and gardens Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale 2 0 A.3 Appendix P Forests, plains, park AR High M 11 and gardens_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart 2 2 0 Appendix _ Rocky slopes, house AR Low R ___________________ _ _________________ _________ II ____ a nd ru ins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Phoenicunis Redstart - 2 0 ° = Appendix p = Park and gardens AR Low R phoenicurus __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Appendix ~~~Areas with sparse Saxicola nubetra Whinchat 2 2 0 Appendix P trees, wetlands, AR Low R II ~~~~meadows Saxicola torquata Stonechat 2 2 0 Appendix Stony and arid s AR LowhR ____________ ____ _______ II __ _ _ _ shrubs, sandy fields ARL wR _ ~~~~~~~~~~~Open and arid fields, Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear 2 2 0 A.3 Appendix P arable fields and AR High M 1I meadowsII Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 * .. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu e j P1E Page 15/21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUCN BERN GCD END Biotope Distribution Impact t| Status I I I ~~~~~~~I II 'E D Characteristics in Turkey Probability Oenanthe hispanica Black-eared - 2 0 j Appendix _ Open scrub and AR Low Wheatear 11~~~~~~~~I regions with trees A o Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear 2 2 0 Appendix p Steppe AR Low R Turdus merula Blackbird - 2 0 Appendix CS Forests, plains, park AR Low R IllII _ and gardens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Turdus pilars Fieldfare 2 0 Appendix K Forests, arable fields AR Low WV ________ ~~~~III ______ and wet meadows ARLwV 2 ~~~~~ - - ~ppndxForests, park and ma, Bs, Ae, LowR Turdus philomelos Song Thrush 2 Appendix P gardens, selement Med, C, Ea III ~~~~ ~~areas__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Forests, park and Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush 2 O Appendix _ gardes, parkant AR LowR areas__ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ SYLVIIDAE Warblers g Cettia cetti Cetti's Warbler 2 2 0 AA4 = Appendix _ Water banks with AR High R II ~~~~~reeds and canes _ _ _ _ _ _ Reed beds, Cisticola juncidis Fan-tailed Warbler - 2 O Appendix _ marshlands, Ma, Ae, Med, C, Low II meadows and arabie Ea _________ _____ ~~~~~~~~~~~fields Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler - 2 O Appendix p Arable fields AR Low R Ac .rocephalus Reed Warbler 2 2 0 Appendix P AR Low M scirpaceus _____It Acrocephalus Reed Warbler 2 2 0 Appendix _Marshands and reed Ma, Ae, Med, C, Low M arundinaceus Great RedWrbe 2 0 beds, park and EaLo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __I_ g ard e n s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler - 2 0 A.3 Appendix _ fo Park and gardens, AR High M I I forests and road sidesM Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision 0 Date: 14 01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu Page 16/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUCN BERN | GCD END Biotope Distribution Impact Status T ~~~~~~~~~~Characteristics in Turkey Probability ______ Appendix ~~~Park and gardens, Hippolais pallida Olivaceous Warbler 2 0 | | Appendix P p open elds foests AR Low M Sylvia melanocephala Sardinian Warbler 2 O = = Appendix - Forests and shrubs, Ma, Bs, Ae, Low Sardinian Warbler - 2 0 - - II~~~1 park and gardens Med, C Lo Sylvia hortensis Orphean Warbler 2 2 0 Appendix P Plains and arable AR Low M ____________________ ________________ II _____~~~1 fields Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat 2 0 Appendix S sres AR Low Sylvia curruca - - II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 gardensM Sylvia communis WhRethroat 2 0 Appendix p Forests and shrubs, AR Low __ park and gardens Sylvia borin Garden Warbler 2 - Appendix P Forests and shrubs, AR Low M _________________ _______ II ____ _____~~~~~1 park and gardens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Sylvia atnicapilla Blackcap 2 0 Appendix g Forests, park and Ma, Bs, Ae, Low M _______________ ________ II _____~~1 gardens M ed, C, EaLoM Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler 2 0 Appendix _ Forests, park and AR Low M _______________ ____ __________ _____ ________ I _____ ______ gardens, w ater banks A o MUSCICAPIDAE Flycatchers Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher 2 0 Appendix P = Forests and shrubs, AR Low M ____________________ ________________ ________ II~~1 __ _ _ _ _ settlem ent areas A R__ __ _Low__ __ __ __ Ficedula hypoleuca Pied Flycatcher 2 o - - ~~Appendix - Forests, park and Ma, Bs, Ae C Ficedula hypoleuca _ Pied Flycatcher 2 0_ A ix P gardens Med, SEa Low M TIMALIIDAE Babblers Panurus biarmicus Bearded Tit 2 2 0 A.2 Appendix P Reed beds, water Ma, Bs, Ae High R __________________ ________________ _______ I~~~11 I banks M ed, C, Ea Hig Parus caeruleus Blue Tit - 2 0 Appendix Forests, parks and AR Low R Parus caeru ___ _ _eus Blue___ _Tit__ _ I __ _ gardens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 *. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu fE Page 17/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name J Common Name IA |OA| Source |RDB IUCN | BERN JGCD END I Biotope Distribution Impact Status I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_________________Characteristics inTre Pob ilt AEGITHALIDAE Long-tailed TitsLos __ Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit 2 0 A .2 Appendix a Thick forests and AR High R ________________ _________ II _____1 g ardens_ _ _ _ _ _ _ SITTIDAE Nuthatches Sitta europaea Nuthatch 2 O Appendix p Forests, parks and AR Low R ________________ ________ II _____1 gardens_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Sitta neumayer Rock Nuthatch 2 O Appendix P Rocky areas AR Low R Sitta tephronota Eastern Rock 2 2 0 Appendix p Steppe AR Low R N uthatch I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ REMIZIDAE Penduline Tits Remiz pendulinus Penduline Tit 2 0 A.2 = Appendix _ Marshlands, forest, AR High R ________________ ________~~~~~II _ __ _ __ lake and river banksR ORIOLIDAE Orioles =__ Oriolus oriolus Golden Oriole 2 O Appendix P Forests, parks and AR Low M ________________ ________ ~ ~ ~ ~ 11 I _ _ gardens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ LANIIDAE Shrikes I = = Appendix ~~~Open fields, forest Lanius colluio Red-backed Shrike 2 2 0 Appendix P sides, park and AR Low M ___________________ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~11gardens ______ Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike 2 2 Appendix ppForest sides, parks AR Low M 11 Li and gardens CORVIDAE Crows Fields with sparse Pica pica Magpie 3 3 0 AS trees shrubs arable AR Low R _____________________ __________________ parks ______________ _____________ ___ark Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12. 3 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: C 033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu j P1 Page 18/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) Scientific Name Common Name IA OA Source RDB IUC1N BERN GCD END Characteri stics ibution Impact y Status ___ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ratrsis in Turkey Probbilit Forests, woody areas, Corvus monedula Jackdaw 3 3 0 AS Frocky places and AR Low R Corvus corone Hooded Crow 3 3 0 AS Forests, open fields AR Low R __________________ _______________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~and crop fields AR___ __Low___ __R_ Corvus corax Raven - 3 3 O = Appendix AS Shrubs, areas where AR Low R Corvus corax Raven 3 3 0 - -~ III___ animals breedR STURNIDAE Starling = = Stumus vulgaris Starling 3 3 O P Forests and woody AR Low R __________________ _________ ~~~~~~~~areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stumus roseus Rose-coloured 1 1 0 = = Appendix P Shrubs and rocky AR Low M Starling IIareas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PASSERIDAE Sparrows 11 Villages and Passer domesticus Sparrow 3 3 0 = P provinces, arable AR Low R fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Appendix ~~~Shrubs, crop fields, Passer hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow - 3 0 II Appendix P Shorchards and AR Low R gardens, open fields Petronia petronia Rock Sparrow 3 O Appendix P - Settlement areas AR Low R FRINGILLIDAE Finches = = Fringila coelebs Chaffinch 3 - Appendix P Forests; park, garden AR Low R I ____ III and plains Serinus serinus Serin 3 O = Appendix P Park and gardens, AR Low R 11 __ _ river banks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Appendix ~~~Forests, park and Carduelis chloris Green Finch 3 0 AA4 Appendix P gardens, shrubs, olive AR High R - - = - - - - ii - ~~~~~~~~~~~grove, forest sides I_____________ Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu !'7 Page 19/ 21 Table K.3. (continued) [ Scientific Name Common Name J IA O OA Source | RDB | IUCN BERN GCD END Biotope Distribution Impact Status _ _ _____ ____ ~~~~~~~~~~~ Characteristics in Turkey Probability1 Gardens, forest Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch 3 0 AA4 Appendix P openings, settlement AR HighR areas__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Appendix ~~~Shrubs and trees, Carduelis cannabina Linnet 3 0 AA4 Appendix P forest sides, park and AR High R, WV II ga~~~~9 rdens__ _ _ _ _ EMBERIZIDAE Buntings I Embeniza hortulana Ortolan - 3 0 A. 3 Appendix _ Woody areas, forests AR High M ___________________ ________________ ________ _____III _ _ and crop fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Appendix ~~~Open fields, arable Miliaria calandra Corn Bunting 3 3 0 Appendix fields and meadows, AR Low R WA : Species observed within the activity area OA Species observed outside the activity area O Observation RDB Turkish Red Data Book GCD General Directorate of National Parks, Game and Wild Life Central Game Commission Decree P Prohibited CS Certain Seasons AS All Seasons Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No. 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTuu '4 V IL9 Page 20/21 Table K.4. Mammals (-mmalia) rr ~~~~~~~~~~~Distribution In Population IUCN Impact Scientific Name CommonName ERL i Habitat ITrkey D ty 1994 Bern Probability ommon me Habtat Trkey Dnsity Risk Erinaceidae ____E_stern_'_edg__ I_Low Erinaceous concolor [Eastern Hedgehog Int House and ruins Widespread Low LR-Ic - ] Low Soricidae IolueWheWiepe buApnd Crocidura leucodon Bicoloured White- nt Dry and sunny regions Widespread but High LR-lc Appendix Low toothed Shrew __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fragmented __ _ _ _ _ _IIILo Rhinolophidae _ Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Great Horseshoe Bat V Caves, small lairs and rock Widespread Low VU Appendix High cavities, ruins __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I Rhinolophus hipposideros Lesser Horseshoe Bat V Ruins, basements and roofs Widespread High VU Appendix High Rhinolophus mehelyi Mehely's Horseshoe Bat V Caves and cavities Widespread Medium VU Appendix High Vespertilionidae l Myotis mystacinus Whiskered Bat V Caves, cavities and ruins Widespread Low VU Appendix High Myotis blythi Lesser Mouse-eared Bat V Caves and cavities Widespread High VU Appendix High Eptesicus serotinus Serotine Bat V Various cavities Widespread Medium VU Appendix High Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common Pipistrelle V Various environments Widespread High VU Appendix High Pipistrellus nathusii Nathusius' Pipistrelle V Open fields and forests Widespread High VU Appendix High Pipistrellus savii Savi's Pipistrelle V Various environments Widespread Medium VU Appendix High Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE PROJECT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTUL A Page 21 / 21 Table K.4. (continued) Scientific Nam Common Name ERLHabitatDistribution In Population IUCN Impact l Scientific Name Common Name ERL Habitat Turkey Densi 1994ty Bern Probability Miniopterus scheibersi Schreibers Lang- V Caves and ruins Widespread Low VU Appendix High Molossidae European Free tailed V Caves and cavities Widespread but local Medium VU Appendix High Tadarida teniotis TBuat e-al ra u oa Leporidae Lepus europaeus Brown Hare nt | Forest, shrubs and rocky Widespread High LR-nt Appendix Low Lepu eurpaeu Bron Hae ntfields Sciuridae Spermophilus (Citellus) European Squirrel nt Arable fields Widespread High LR-lc Appendix Low ixanthoph nsI Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No: 12 0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 I i i i i i I I i I I I TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Y7 ji APPENDIX-K Page 1 / 15 APPENDIX - K REGIONAL FLORA INVENTORY Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-K Page 2 15 FLORA INVENTORY Flora Inventory presented below is prepared based on field surveys and literature researches. "Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 1-10" (Davis, P.H., 1965-1988) was used for the identification of the species. This publication is also the reference for the authors of the taxa presented in the list below. The regional flora inventory is prepared is alphabetical order. Habitats, distribution in Turkey, flora region, endemism, condition according to Bem Convention, relative abundance and impact probability of each taxon is given. For the endemic species, the impact probability is given as high regardless of its risk class. The scales and abbreviations used in the table are presented below. Habitats: 1. Agricultural areas 2. Steppe 3. Dry and open areas 4. Road sides 5. Rocky-Stony areas 6. Wetlands (+) sign indicates the habitat of the species. Flora Region: Eu-Sib Europe-Siberia Ir-Tur Iran-Turanien Med. Mediterranean E.Med. East Mediterranean (mt) mountain Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES * ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-K Page 3 15 Relative Abundance The numbers given in this column represent the observation frequency and abundance of the taxa and is solely based on field surveys. * Very rare * Rare * Relatively abundant * Abundant * Forms unadulterated populations Endemism (End.) (+) sign indicates that the species is endemic. Others: * : Planting (culture) E :East W :West N :North S South Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Titie: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 4/ 15 Table J.1. Flora Inventory Species Common Name 1 Distrlbuton in Turkey Flora Region Endemizm Convention Abundance Impact Probability 1 2 3 4 s 6 Cneto bnac ANGIOSPERMAE FLOWERING PLANTS DICOTYLEDONS Acanthaceae Acanthus family _ _________ Acanthus hirsutts Hairy bears breeches + Wide Med + 2 High Amaranthaceae Amarant family Amaranthus albus While pigweed + Wide 2 Low A. defexLs Perennial pigweed + Vd _ _ _de 2 Low A. retroflexus Hathor + Wide 2 Low Alismataceae Water plantain family Alisma gramineum Ribbon-leaved water plantain + Wide , 4 Low Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Carrot family ___________ Beiula erecta ', Cutleaf walerparsntp + Wide 3 Low Bifora radians Wild bishop + Wide ---4 Low Bupleirumm crceeum + + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low B. euboeum + Wide Med. 2 Low B. heldre,choi + + Wide Ir-Tur + 2 High B.rotundifolium Thorow-wax + wide ---4 LOW B. slgphureum T w + Wide Ir-Tur + 3 Low B. turcicum + I Narrow Ir-Tur + 2 High Caucalis platycarpos Small bur-parsley + Wide 4 Low Daucus carola Wild carrot ++ Wide ---4 Low Echinophora toumeforti + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Eryngium bithynicum + Wde Ir-Tur + 3 High Falcana falcanoides ",''' _ + Wide 3 Low F. vulgens Sickleweedl + Wide ---4 Low Ferual auciadiata + Wide Ir-Tur 3 High Scandix pecten-venens Shepherd's needle + Wide 4 Low Tonlis aevensis ssp. neglecta Spreadin hedqe-parsley + I Wide _ - 4 Low T.ureptoiplia Bnstefruit hedge-parsley + Wide 4 Low Turgenia latifolia Greater buir-parsley + Wie---4 Low Asclepidaceae Milkweed family Cynanchum acuLium Strangiewort + + + Wide _ 4 Low Asteraceae (Comiorsitaes Thistle family Achillea ateppica ssp. zedertaLsen _ + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High A. biebersternii + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low A. setacea + Wide _ 4 Low A. eo/helrmsii Yarrow + I Central, W., S., Anatolia Ir-Tur - 3 Low Ac,lp,tton rerens Russian knapweed + I Central, S.Anatolia ir-Tur 4 Low Anthemis creica Mountain dog-daisy + + Central Anatolia 4 Low A. tinctona var. tinctona Yellow chamomile _ + Wide _ 4 Low Artemisia heiba-alba White tujone mugwort + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 2 High A. santonicum + Sea wormwood _ _ _ _ _ + Wide 1 Low A. scopana _ + _ _ _ _ W., Central Anatolia 3 Low Bombecilaena enectna n + N G S r Central, S. Anatolia 3 Low Caeduus nutans ssp nutans Musk thistle + Wide 4 LOW IC. pycnocephalus ssp. albodus Black sedge _ _ + _ _ _Wide 4 Low ICarthamtjs perscus I + _ _ _ _CnrlAnatolia Ir-Ttr 4Lo I depntaura bome_e + = _ = =CentraliAnatolia Ir-Tur +3HOv ! ~~~~~Project Tuz Golu Basm Underground Natural Gas Stonage Project Project No 12 0123 I ~~~~~~~~~Engmneermg a1nd Consuftancy Se,,,ces Document Title Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revision 0 Dale 1401 2003 * .0.* TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 5/ 15 Table J.1. (cont.) Chondnlla uncee var. uncea Rush skeletonweed ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~er Rlaiv Species | Common Name Habitats | Distribution in Turkey |Flora Region |Endemizm |ConEveerntion TAbRuendadnce |Impact Probability C. ibenca Ibenan star-thistle + Wde 4 Low C. kotschy var. persica = - Central Anatolia 2 Low C. kotschy var. kotschy + _ _ _ _Central Anatolia + 2 High C. pichleat + _ a_ _mCentrad Anatoria 3 Low C. soshtialbs ssp. somsthas Yellow star-thistle ad+ Wide 4 Low C. urllei SSa. urvdlei Knapweed + Wide Med. 4 Low C. virgata Squanrse knapweed = - = V = de 4 Lovw Cha.maa onentatis + + Central, S. Anatolia Ir- Tur 2 LoW Chondnila uncea var. jucea Rush skeletorweed + Wide 4 Low Ochornum intrbus Chicoryv n _ + Wide 4 Low Cirsnum alatum ssp. alatum c*u Glo .e_tistl- Wide Ir-Tur 3 Low Crepis foe dap. commutata Sbnking hawks beawd _ + Wide 3 Low C. aculeata_ C. macnDpus = - = 2 High C. sancta Hawk's beawr_ + _ _ _Wide 3 Low Crupina crupinastrum Comnion crupmna + + _V_ _ Wde 4 High Echmnops viscosus ssp. bithynicus Globe-thiste + + IWide 2 Low Fllago pyramnidata Broad-leaved cudweed _ = V = = de 3 Low Gundelia toumefortii ssp. toumeforbi Toumefort's gundelia + Central and S. Anatolia tr-Tur 2 Low Helichyrsum plicatum ssp. plicatum + _Wde 2 Low Hierwclum panrnosum + Extenor Tr. and Central Anatolia _E. Med. (mt.) 2 Low tnula aucherana *- Central Anatohia Ir-Tur 3 Low inula hetenalepts = = = +- - NW. W. anud S. Anatolia E Nied. 2 Low 1. oculus-chnsti + VWde Eu-Sib 2 Low Junnea consanguinea _ _ __ de - : 2 .Low J. pontica _ = Central and N. Anatolia Ir-Tur +2High Lactuca semota Pnckly lettuce = I I Wide Eu-Sib : 4 Low Leontodon aspemmus + + Central, W., S. Anatolia Ir-Tur 4 Low L. cnspus ssp asper = - Wide 4 Low Lor a arvensis Field filago + Wide 4 Low Matncana chamomilla Chamomile + + + + = Wide 4 Low Picnomon acama Soldier thistle _ + Wide 4 Low Pilosella x aunculoides + Wide 4 Low Rhaga ottus augttosus + + Centrat, S, W. Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low Scanola wminea _ Wide 4 Low Scolymus hispanicus Spanish salsify + I Wide Med 4 Low Scorzonera cana var. cana Hair viDermlass _+ Wide 4 Low S. enophora + Wide + 2 High S. teainata ssp. taoniata Cutleaf vipewlass + = Wide 4 Low S. tomentosa + + Centrali N., W. Anatolia Ir-Tur + 4 Low Seneao vematis Eastem grundsel + _ Wde 4 Low Sonchus asper ssp. glaucescens Ptickly sowthistle + _ Wide 3 Low Taraxacum fannosum Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 Low Taraxactim serohnum Dandelion + + Wide 4 Low Tragopogon longvostns var. abbrevatus Goat s beard + _ + Central Anatolia 4 Low Tnpleus permum callosum + + _ _ N. S. CentralAnatolia + 2 Hi h Xanthium a m Sinv cocklebur + + N Central Anatolia 3 Low X. strumanum subsp.strumanum Common cocklebur _ _ + Wde 4 Low Xeranthemum anntium Immortelle + + Wide 4 Low Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name -Habitats Distnibution In Turkey I Flora Region Endemizm Bern Relative I Impact Probability | Project Tuz Golu Bas,n Undergiound Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12 0123 Engmneenng and Consultancy Sevimces Document T,t1e Ensironmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revison 0 Date 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page6/ 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 ||||Conventfion |Abundance) Boraginaceas Borage family = = = = = Tr| j Anchusa azuma var. azurea Italian bugloss + CnrlWide _.4 L rw A. undulata ssp. hybSda Undulate alkanet + l i _ e 4 Low Muglossoides arvensis Common borage + + Wide 4 Low Cennthe mir var. auncubata Lesser honeywort + + C ade 4 Low Oynoosuma crnentum Blehuds-oge+Wide --4 Low 0c.rtsm ca em Coastal pale bueoss _ _ + u _ Wide Med 4 Low He0ttroplum euarpaeum EuGopean heoitrope + Wide Med. 4 Low H. suavrenS + NSW. Central Anatolia 4 Low Lap.ula baratam + + Central, S. Anatolia Ir-Tur 2 Low Mo.ta aurea = va=- W.e S.m Central Anatolia Ir-Tur - 4 High Myosobs sictda Jersey forget-me-not + _ _ _ _ + Wide 3 Low Nonea macotsperma + + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High Cosma armnenuami Haeser utr Wtide - 4 Lowh D. aucheranum s+ h_ _e _ _ vide Med- 4 Low E sinsumcrassl s + + Wide - - - 4 Low~~~~~+ ! _. isauncum _ +u _ _ _ _ Wide Ir-Tur + 4 HiLh O. taunctim var. bmimolium Golden drops e + Wide + _ 2 High R caeyum aur + _ I _ S. Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High P. catlycneum + +Certral,S,N Artatolia I-Tu + 2 High P. nacemosum varracemosalm _ + _ _ _ _ Central, Anatodia Ir-Tur + 2 High Rocheha dispeTna var. + isperma _ Central S. Anatolia 2 4 Low Aethonema arabcum u o _ _ _ _ _Wide Low Alysstim desortonim Dwarf alyssum + + _V_ _ Wde 4 Low TA. muble var. mura/e Yellotutt_ + _Wde 4 Low ACpaten W N Habitasde sr-Tur F High A. sibincum u + _ _ _ Wide 4 Low A E stneosum ssP. stringsm Hair madwort Cu+ W ede 4 Low . ~~~~~~~Arabks nova _ _ _ + Wide 4 Low Boneava oinentalas _ = t Do=m Wide er-Nur 4 Low RenCardana draba Whietop hoary cress 4+ I Wde 2 H0gh Clypeola ponthlaspi _ _ _ _ + _VWide Med . 4 LoYw Conninga orientalis Hare s-ear mustard _ _ + _Wide 4 Low Crambe hhlna var. tatafna Crambe _ = _ + = _ Certral Anatoha _2 High Descurainia soJphia Flhxweed + _ _ _ _ + VVide 4 Low Erysfmum crassopes I + _ _ + _Wide 4 Low E. smyrnaeum :+ V _ _Ade 4 Low isabis g/auca ssp. g/auca Pnnilepved+ _ _ + _ _Wide Ir-tur _ 4 Low L. caespitosum *+ I I Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High L. cartblagineum *:+ _ _Central Anatolia _ 2 High Mathioda coenuiea + + _ _ = _ Central Anatoila _4 Low Nasturtium olEcnale Water-aess _ _ _ _ _ + Wide 3 Low Raphanus raphanistrum Wid-radish + _ _ _ _ _Wide 3 Low Smnapis arvensis Chactock mustard _ _ + VWde 4 Low Sisymbnum affissirrum Tumble mustard + V _ _ de 4 Low t thlas~~~~~""p, perfolitur Perfoliate peny-cress _ _ _ _ _ + Wide 3 Low Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name t H|2 ab3its 4 |6 BstrHbuton In Turkesy Flora Region Edmz rr rbie Ipc rbblt iapaolaceae Bdlifowe rfamily I Pmject Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12 0123 Enginearing and Consuhtancy Senvices Doc.ment Title Em,ironmental mpact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revmson o Date 14 01 2003 **. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 7/15 Asypeuma l/rzonefolum ssp. Southern rampion _ Wide + 3 High p,estatozzae A. ngidum ssp. ngidum = + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Campanula argaea + Central, S. W. Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High C. cymbalana + Wide Med. 4 Low C. Iyrata ssp. /lrata Bellfower + Wide + 3 h Legousia speculum-venens Large venus's-looking lass + Wide Med. 4 Low Caryophyllaceae Pink family A rostemma itha_o Comnokbe . Wide _ - 4 LoW Arenana sepyllitofia Thyme-leaf sandwort + Wide - 4 Low BolanthLss miruartio,des + Central W Anatolia + 2 High Dianthus cnndus var. crnstus = + VWide 4 Low D. zonatus var. zonatus + Wide 4 Low GCpsophila anosti var nebulosa Arrost's babysbreath + Central Anatotia lr-Tur + = 1 High G. enocaly + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + -2 High Minuaria anatolica var. arachno,dea Anatolian sandwort + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High Mi. hirsuta sasp. falcata + Central, N., NVV Anatolia O Moenchia manbca ssp. mantica + Central, NW., E. Anatolia _ - 3 Low Saponana onentabs + Central, N., E. Anatolia 4 Low S prostrata ssp. prosttata + I Central, E. Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High Si/ene cappadocica + Central, E. Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low S. cono,dea Conoid catchfil + Central, S, E. Anatolia 3 Low Su d achotoma sspC a Aichnioim Forked catchfy_ + I Wide 3 Low S ita.ca Italian hIats hna + Wide Medr 4 Low S. supina ssp. pnuesa _ W r s + _ Wide 4 Low Spergulana Common Media sandspuh + _ + Ceta+ Aaoide 4 Low SpeA ulana meda Greater sea-spurrev= + Wide 3 Low Vaccana pyamdata Cow cockle + _ Wide 4 Low Velezia ngida Velezia + Wide Med1 4 Low Coratophmllaceae Hornaport family _ _ _ _ 3 H Cenatophylldum ahmesm Rigid homworl + Wide Eu-Sib 3 Low Clstareae Rock-rose family_ _ _ _ _ _ Fumana abaphisla I + I _ Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 L+w F paphlagon ca s + W ade Ir-Ttur I + 2 High Helianthemtim saorlcfoium Willwleaf frostweed sun rose + Wide 3 Low Chenopodlaceae Goosefoot family_ _ _ _ _ _ Atrplex patula Common orache + 2 3 _ 5 _ NW, Centual Anatolia 1 High A. oasnanthia _b+ _ + Wide 3 Low A. tatanca Tatanan orache + + Wde Kabdoipsis wagenitzii = + Nlg~de . Hlgh Camphorosma monspeAbaca ssp. + + Narrow 3 High lessomoni' Chenopodium album Pigvweed _ Wid I k 3 Low C. botrys Jerusalem oak + _ + Wede Mede 3 Low Cyathobazis fnuticosa + _Central Anatolia + 2 High Halanthgum kulptanum C= ==uNaiw S 2 High Hatimione pottulacoides ISea purslane _ I Wide 4 Low H. vermucifera + _ + _E_t Narrow 3 High Table J.1. (cont.) Dacamesi Tttie Cnarrsnmental Impact Assessment Report ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Bm Rlaiv Ipac Pobbiit SpecDes 1Common Name Habitat Dstrbuton In Turkey Floa Region Endemizm Convention Abundance VHalocnemum strobilaceum 1 l g i | de - T 3 Low Kochia prostrata Prostrate summercypress =VV+ _ Wde 4 | Low Micnocnemum, coralloides AKnnual glasswort _ _ + _ _Narrow 2 | High .2and--- l'r ; = CrBntr, FE. AnelAW 3 Lo Project Tuz Golu Easm Underground Natural GAS Storage Project Prq)ect No. 12 OM2 Engmeermg and Consuftancy SeNv,ces Document Tdle Env,ronmeftar impact Assessrment Report Document No CON-0033 Rev,s,on 0 Date 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 8/15 Petrmsimon,a brachiata _ Wide 3 Low P. ni deensis + Wide 3 Low Sabcomia europaea Common glasswort + Wide - _ 5 Low Salsola stenoptena + Narrow Ir-Tur 2 High S. anatolica + Narrow Ir-Tur + 2 High S. crassa + + Narrow 2 High S. inemrmis + + Narrow Ir-Tur 3 Low S. ndtrana + + Nafrow Ir-Tur - 2 High S. lancrna I + _ Narrow 2 High Suaeda altissima Sea grass sp. + Narrow 3 High S. camoa,ssima Sea grass + + Narrow Ir-Tur 3 High S. eltoneca Sea grass Sp. + Narrow 2 High S. prostrata ssp. anatol,ca Sea grass sp. = + Narrow - 2 High Cluslaceas (Guttife)r ) St. John's wort family ___________ Hyperncum aviculamfobum ssp. + Central, S.. Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High depilatum var. deptlatum ___________. H. onganifolium + I Central. W Anatolia - 3 Low H peiforalum Common St John s worth _ + Wide 4 Low Convolvulaceas Morningglory family Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed + Wide 4 Low C- assyncus + Central, S. Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High C. compactus _ + _ _ _ Central, W. Anatolia 3 Low C. gataticus + + Central N. Anatola Ir-Tur +3 High C. lineatus Bindweed w+ U N CertraloAnatolia 4 Low Crassulaceaes Orpadefamily _ Serv Sedum hisparnicum var. hspanicum Spanish stonecrop _ _ _ _ + I Wide 4 Low Umbilicus erectus _ _ _ + _ NW, W, S, E Anatolia 4 Low Dlpsacaceae Teasel family_ _ _ _ _ _ Dipsacus lacinmatus Cut-leaved teasel + _ _ _ _ _Wide 3 Low S. aztasa + =e =a + =V/de IrTr4 Low Euphorblaceae Spurge family Euphorbia anacampseot s var. + CenAralr SW Anatomia MedN + 3 High an a campses 10 2 0 E. hemianifolia . _ + I + _ NW, W, Central Anatolia 4 Lo-w E stricta Golden foam + _VV_ _ Wde Eu-Sib 4 Low Fabaceae Pulsefamily Alhagi pseudalhagi Camelthom = = + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Astragalus baibLtensrs _ + _ _ _ _Wide Ir-Tur + 3 High A. condensatus _ + _ _ _ _ Central, S, W Anatolia I Ir-Tur + 4 High A. enophyllus _ + _ _ _ _ Central, S Anatorha I + 2 High A. brachyptenms _ + _ _ _ _ Certral, N, W, Anatolia Ir-Tur + 4 High A. Iycius _ + _ _ _ _ Central, S, E Anatolia + 3 High A. Iydius _ + I _ Wide _Ir-Tur -+ --- 3 High A. melanophrurius + + _ _ _ _ Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High Table J.1. (cont.l Species Common Name 1 2 Habitats 5 6 Distributlon In Turkey Flora Region Endemizm Convention |Abundance |Ipc rbblt A. micnDcephalus _ + _ _ _ _ Central Anatohia Ir-Tur 4 Low A. odoratus Lesser mDlkvetch V _ _ _ de - 3 Low A. podperae + + _ _ _ _ Central, SW Anatolia Ir-Tur + | 2 High A. pisidcus + _ _ _ _ Centred, S, SWAnatolia ir-Tur + - T 2 r High A, tmoleus var. bounacanthus _ + _ _ _ _ SW, Central Anatolia + - 2 I High I A.vulnernanae _ + _ _ _ _ Central, SW Anatolia + 1 2 | High | Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12 0123 Engmneenng and Consu tancy Senvires Document Title Environmental mpact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Re,,mion o Date 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 9 /15 A xylobasis var. angustus _ + Central, N Anatolia Ir- Tur + 2 High Coronilla scorprordes Annual scorpion-vetch + Central, W Anatolia 4 Low C. vana Crownvetch_ + Wide 4 Low Ebenus farsuta + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High Gatega officinahs Goat's rue + Wide 4 Low Genmsta sessilrfoba Tree-leafed greenweed Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low Hedysarum cappadocicum . + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High H. vanum + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Lathrnus mnconspicuus Inronspicuous pea + VWrde 4 Low Lotus comiculatis var. comiculatus Common bird's-foot trefoil + VWrde 4 Low Lotus comiculatus var. tenumfojius Common bird's-foot trefoil + Wide 2 Low L. gebeia = + Central, SE Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low Medicago minima var.minima Bur medrck + Wide 4 Low M sabva ssp. satfwa Lucerne, alfalfa + Wide 4 Low MebItotus bicolor + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High Onobrychis armena Wad =_de + 4 High O. oxyodonta + I Central, W Anatolia 3 Low Otoumefort,i __ _ _ _ + + Central Anatolia + 3 High Ononis adenotncha var.adenotncha + NW, Central, S Anatolia Med. 3 Low Tetmgonolobus manfimus ' Dragon's teeth + Wide 3 Low Tnfolium arvense var. arvense Rabbrffoot clover + Wade 4 Low T campestre Hop tref._l + _W_ _i__ _ Wrde 4 Low T pannmonium ssp. elonpatum Hunganan clover + + _ _ _ _ N, S, Central Anatolia + 3 Hg T. nesupinatum Reversed clover + + _ _ + VVWde 4 Low v. peCDgnna Wandering veoch _ _ _ - _ Wide 4 Low Fagaceae Beech family 1 2 _ 4 5 C Quercus pubescens Downvyoak _ + _ _ _ _ W, Central Anatolka 4 Low Frankenraceae Frankenla family FHankenta hirsuta Hairy sea-heath + Wde _ 3 Low Geraniaceae Geranium family _ C W A o 4 Erodium cicutanum ssp. CICLitanum Redstem filaree + Wide 4 Lcyw Geranium pyrenahcum Hedger+w cranesbill = Central, W Anatolia 4 Low G. tetundifolum a s Round-leaved cranesbill _ Cena+ VWAde 4 Low Globulariaceae Globularaa family_ Globulana otnentad s Maned globL;ana + WCentral, S Anatoia 4r-Tur 3 Low G. tnchossntha Globe dai Wide 4 Low Halorogidaceae. _ _ _ _ _ Mynophyllua spcatum Eurasian water milfol = + Wde 3 Low MyriophySlum verticillatum ^- Whorled water milfaol _ _ _ _ + Wide 3 Low Hypericaceae St. Johnrs wort family r N 120123 Hypencum salsogmneum^ * + Dar _ _Ir-Tur I + 2 Hig Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name 1 2 Habitats Distribution In Turkey |Flora Region Endemlzm Convention Abundance Ipc rbbl Illecebraceae._ _ _ _ Hemiana hirsuta Hai Cupturewort _ _ + V Wde 3 Low Ho mIcana E mGrar aupturewort ct+ s RepCeortral, WAnatolea n 4 Low Parnych0a chionaea + _ Central Antolia + 2 Hh Scleranthus annuus ssp. annuus Annual knavwel + G erntral ,W Anatolia 2 Low Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Mint family = A,gacm hDamaepitys ssp. chia var. chia IGround pine = + _ = Wirde 4 Lo A. saticiffoia =- V l l de l r-Tur 1 Lo Project Tuz Golu Basmn Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 1 2 0123 [Engineering and Consuftancy Semvces Document TRtIe Environmental lmpac Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revis,on o Date 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 10/15 Balota nmgra ssp. anatoi:ca Black horehound + Central, W. E Anatolia Ir-Tur +; 3 High Lallemant,a rbenca Dragon's head + Wide Ir-Tur --4 Low Lamium amplexicaule Henbit _ Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low Lycopus europaeus ^ a _ _ + Wide Eu-Sib 3 Low Mamubiunm pa,rftornm ssp. parvlorum - + + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 4 Low Mentha aquabca - Water mint + Wide - 3 Low M,croomena myrlfolia Micromeria + Wide Med. 4 Low Nepeta italica + VWide 4 Low N. nuda ssp. albdllora Anne's chdice + d _ _ _ 4 Low Phlomns a,rnenaca 4- Wier-Tur +- 4 High P. pungens var. punrens _ + VVde3Low _ Wd n Ir-Tur 4 - Pnmnella laciniata Carprenter-weed + _ _ _ _ _Wide Eu-9ib 4 Lcow P. Vulgafs he eal +___ __Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low Salvaa aethiopis Mediterrea n sae Wide 4 Low S. bracteata + a Central, E Anatolia 2 HLoh S. cadica _ + NW, SW, Central Anatolia + 3 High S. cvyptantha + + o s + _CentralAnatolia Ir-Tur + 3 HLoh S.cyanesc Cea a sntral, E Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 HLh S. hypargeia a H irono=+ Central, Wand S Anatolia Mr-Tur 4 HiLh S. sdaana European sare + Wide 4M Low S.asynaca Sarian sage w + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 4 Low S veticila SaSp. amaslsca Whorled sage + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low S. wekrnmannei s _ a G n _ N Central anAnatolia r-Tur 2 High S. virgatm Meadow sane + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Scunteliuna .nentalis ssp. pmnna66da Easrem sun + Wide 3 Low Sidentis lanata Haiy ironvort a _ _ Central, W Anatolia Med. 3 Low S. montana ssp. aemota Mountain conwort + Wide Med. 3 Low Stachys annua ssp. annua var. Annujal woundwort + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low S. cretica ssp. anato6ica Medrterranean woundwort = _ Central, N, S Anatolia Ir-Tur +3 High Teucnum chamaedrys ssp. chamaedrys Germander _ _ _ _ + _ N, Central and S Anatolia 4 Low TZ oientale var. orientak Oriental aermander + _Wide Ir-Tur 3 Low T. pDlum Felty aennander + VWde I 4Low T. scordium ssp. scorclioicis ......- Water german de r = V = = _ Ade Eu -Sib 2 Low Thymnus keucostomus var. arg61iaceus _ + _ _ _ _Central Anatolia 2 High T. sipyleus ssp. sipyteus _ + V _ _ de + I3 High Ziziphora capltata + Wide Ir-Tur 4 LOW Z. tenuior Zmziphora + _ Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Table J.1. (cont.) -- Habitats Bern Relative Ipc rbblt Specles Common Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distributlon in Turkey Flora Reglon Endemlzm Convenon Abundance Impac Unaceae Flax family Linum 6tavum ssp. scabnnerve Golden flax == Central Anatolia Ir-Tur |+ 3 High L. hirsutum ssp. anatolicum var. Hairty flax + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + | 3 High anatolicum _____________ L. hirsutum ssp. anatolicum var. Hairy flax + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + - 3 High pseudoanatolicum --_LOW _ _ _ _ _ _ L. nodifornum + Wide Med. - T 4 Low L. tenulfolium Narrow-leaved flax + Wide - 4 Low Lythraceae Loosestnife family Lythnm salicana Purple loosestnfe _+ Wide . - 2 Low Pmiect Tuz Golu Basm Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No 12 0123 Engineering and Consutancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 14 01 2003 * *. TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 11 / 15 Alcea pallida Hollyhock _ _ Central, W Anatolia 23 Low Hibiscus trionum Venica mallow + Cenytral ,W Anatolia -- 2 High Malva sylveshis Common mallow + Central ,W Anatolia 4 Low Morlnaceae Monna persica Prickly whorlflower =Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Onagraceae Evening primrose family Epilobium parvitlonrm Small-flowered hairy willow-herb Wider- 3 Low Orobanchaceae Broom-rape family Orobanche anatolica + I I VWide 4 Low Papaveraceae Poppy family Fumana asepala + _ Wide Ir-Tur 3 Low Glaucium grandOonum var grandilonum Red homed poppy + + Wide Ir-Tur + 3 High G leiocarpum + Wide 3 Low HyPecoum imberbe Sicklefruit hypecoum + Wide 3 Low H. pendulum Nodding hypecoum _ Wide 4 Low Papaverdubium Long-headed poppy + + + _Wde Papaverirhoeas Field poppy + I I Wide 4 Low Roemena hybnda sSp. hybnda Violet horned pOppy + Wide 4 Low Plantaginaceae Plantain family Plantago lanceolata Ribwort plantain + VWide 4 Low P. cnassifol,a + + Central, W Anatolia Med. 4 Low P. major Great plantain + Central ,W Anaolu 3 Low P manhma Sea plantain + Wide 4 Low Plumbaginaceae Leadwort family Acantholmvn acerosum var. acersum Pnckly thRift + Wide Ir-Tur _ 4 Low Limonium 1corlcum' I + _ Narrow Ir-Tur + 3 High L. globutiferum + _ Central Anatolia Ir-Tur I 3 Low L. gmetirli + + + Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low L, anatolicum + Narrow Ir-Tur + 3 High Plumbago euroae European lumbago _ Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low Potygonaceae Buckwheat family_________ Noaea mucronata ssp mucionata - + Central ,E, W Anatolia 2 High Pol yonum arenastnum Small-leaved knotgrass + + Central ,E, NW Anatolia 3 Low P. cognatum + Wide 3 Low P. lapathifolium Pale persicana + Wide 4 Low Rumex acetosella Sorrel + Wide 4 Low R. cnspus Curly dock + = Wide 3 Low Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name Habitats Distribution in Turkey Flora Region Endemizm Convention Abundance Impact ProbabilIty Portulacaceae Purslane family Portulaca oferacea Common purstane + + Wide 4 Low Prlmulaceae Primrose family Androsace maxima + + Wide 4 Low Glaux manhma Sea-milkwort + Wide 2 Low Samolus vateiandr Brookweed +Wide ---3 Low Ranunculaceae Crowfoot family Adonis flammea Flame adonis + Wide 4 Low Ceratocephalus falcatus Bur buttercup + Wide _ 4 Low C. teshculatus + Wide 3 Low Consohida onentabs Eastern larkspur + VWide . 4 Low Delphinium peregnum Violet larkspur +r- Wide 3 Low D. venulosum + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Proiect Project No 12 0123 Engineering and Consutancy SeNices Document Title Evmironmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revision 0 Date 1401 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 12 /15 Nigelia a,vensis var. glauca Wild fennel + Wide 4 High Ranunculus constantimopooianus Pilewort + Wide 4 Low R. reutenanus + W, S Central Anatolia + 3 High Rhamnaceas Buckthorn family Rhamnus thymdfol/us + Central, W Anatolia + 2 High Resedaceae Mignonette family Reseda lutea var. Iutea Wild mignonette + Wide 4 Low Rosaceae Rose family Arnyidalus webbii + I S W ,Central Anatolia Med. 3 Low CiataegLls onentatis var. onentabis Silver hawthom + Wide _ 4 Low C. tanacetdoaia Tansy-leaved hawthom_ + N, Central Anatolia 3 High Potentilla kotschyana _ + _ _ _ _Wide Med. 3 Low PG sumina Spreadina inQuefoWl + Wlde 3 Low Pyms elaeaqndobs a sspu elaeag Fisa Wld pear = N, Central, S Anatolia 4 Low ! ~~~~~~~~San.auisorba minor ssp. muncata S alad b umet + + _ _ _ _Wid e 4 Low Rublacea Madder family AspeNula aNvensis Blue woodrufft + IWide Med. 4 Low A. bommuellen i o = = I, Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 High Caliapebas cucullana W +w Wide Er-Tur 4 Low CB eanela distcha + W, Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 2 HLgh CLuciata taunca + Wide Ir-Tur 4 LHw Gal.um pepidifolium r a t d + Central, S Anatolia Medr 3 Low G. spuinum ssp. spunum False deavers = Central, E Anatolia Eu-Sib 3 LHw Rutac ae Ruo family Haplophlum myrtfollum auen E+ Central, S Anatolia Ir-Tur - 2 High Sallcaceas Wlilow family_ _ _ _ _ Salix alba Wcste willow _ _ Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low Scrophulariaceae Fiagwort family Bungea tnfida _V _o D _ _ _ Wide Mr-Tur 4 Low . ~~~~~~~Linania corfolia = _V = = ide Ir-Tur 4 _ High . ~~~~~~~~L. .aemistdfoba ssp. confetlr Balkan toadfiax + _ _ _ _ _ Central, E Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low L. /conma + _ _ _ _ _Centta ntla ir-Tur ; 3 Higwh Odontites auchen _ + Centrai,=EAaoa Ir-Tur 4 _ Low Pedicutarns comosa var. sibthorpa Crested lousewort _ + _ _ _ _Wide 4 Low Scrophulans canina ssp. bicdlor Dog figwort _ _ _ _ + VVWvb Med. 4Lo Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name Habitats Distribution in Turkey Flora Region Endemizm Co rnBe Relative Impact Probabli _______ _______ ______ _______ ______ ______ _______ ______ 1 2 3 4 5 6 C nventIon Abundance I p c r b blt Veronica anagallis-aguabica Blue water speedwell + Wide 4 Low V. anagalloides ssp anagalloides Faded speedwell + Wide - - . 4 Low V. aensis Wal speedwell + Wide Eu-Sib - - 4 Low V. bozakmaniI + Wide lr-Tur - - 4 Low V. chamaedrys Germander speedwell + N, W, Central Anatolia Eu-Sib - - 4 Low V. onsebachui + Wide Med. I - 4 Low V. hedenfolia Iw-leaved speedwell + VWide - - 4 Low V mutlfiada + N, W, Central, S Anatolia Ir-Tur + - 4 High V. pectnata ssp. pectnata Speedwell + N, W, Central Anatooha - - - 4 Low V. tiPhvlos Fingered speedwell i + Wide - - l -- 3 LOW Verbascum anrcyritanum - + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur - + 2 High V. cheiranohifoium var. aspernulu + Wide - + - 4 High V. vytcanicum var. vutcanickim - + + Central Anatolia i Ir-Tur + 2 2 High Solanacea Potato family [Datuna stramonium [ Jimsonweed + Wide - - | 4 Low Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Prqect No 12 0123 Engineering and Consutancy Senrices Document Title. Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Revision o Date: 14 01 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 13 /15 Hyoscyamus mnger Black henbane on_V V= Wide 4 Low Lium anatolicum + + + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur + 3 High Solanum nhanum Black nhtshade + VWide 3 Low Tamaricaceae Tamarix familn _a_ _ Reaumenra altemufolia = -d= e w Wide Er-Tur 4 Low Tamanix smymnensis Tamansk _ _ _ + Wide 4 Low Ulmaceae Elm family Celtbs toumeforttF Orienbl hackberrr W= Central, Ei S Anadoku 3 Low Valerlanacea Valerdan family I I Valenanella cornonatla + _ _ _ _Wide_ 4 Low VC vesdcaBaa + + Wide 4 Low Zannichellaceae Homed pondweed family = = Zannichellia palustns ssp repens Homed pondweed + Wide 4 Low Zygophyllaceae Caltrop family_ _ _ _ vitrarna schobene ' Nstre-bush + Nad-hw Ir-Tur 3 HLgh Peganum hammale Wide 4 Low MO NOCOTYL EDON ES I - - Alhsmataceae Water plantain family ____ Baldellba ranunculoides Lesser water plantain _ _ _ + Nanrow Eu-Sib 3 Low Butomaceae Flowerinig rush family= = = = = Bclomus umbellatus Flowenea cushb-rush + Wide 4 Low Cyperaceae Sedge family__ _ _L Carex hordeistichos BarleY sedge _+ Wide 4 Lcw Cbadium manscus ^ Great fen-sedge = _r = _ + Wide 4 Lcow Boaoscoeus atmsvr Bladdermallow _Wide 4 Low Schoenoplectus lacustns Comffon dub-nish = + Wide 4 Low Eleochans milracarpa _ _ _ + WVde 4 Low Scirpordes holoschoenus ^^ Roundheaded club-rush _ _ _ _ + Wide 4 Law Schoenus rngncans*^ Black bug -rush + + + Wide 4 Low Schoenoplectus htoralis Shore dub-rush + Wide + Low S. lacusttis asp tabemae montarm I^ Common dub-rush + Wide 4 Low Table J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name2 Habitat Distributon In Turkey Flora Region Endemizm CBen vRlative ImpactAProbability _______________________ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~1 2 3 4 6 6 C n e to b n a c Iridaceae Iris family _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ Crocus ivMen ssp ohven n + Wide I I 2 High Gladiolus atroviolaceus + + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur - - 4 Low G. halophilus + Narrow Ir-Tur + - 4 Hih Juncaceas Rush family Juncus articulatus Jointed rush + Wide Eu-Sib - - 4 Low J. geraro ssp gerardip Salt-marsh rush + VVWde - I - 4 Low J. manbmus ',, Sea rush + Wide - - | 4 Low J. subnodulosus Blunt-flowered rush _ I Wide 4 Low JuncaginaceaC Arrow grass family _ _ _ _ Tnglochin palustns ^Marsh arrowgrass _ _ _ _ _ + VWrde 4 Low Lemnaceae Duckweed family_ _ _ _ _ Lemna aibba ~~~~~~Fat duckweed _ _ _ _ + Wide 3 Low Lillaceae Llly family _ A Allium paniculatum ssp. panmculatum PaLepoaric Wide Med .| 4 Low A. scabrh lortm + Central, S, E Anatolia lr-Tur + 3 3 High Project Tuz Golu Basi Underground Natural Gas Storage Protect Project No 12 0123 Engineering and Consuttancy Senvices Document Tile Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No CON-0033 Rewsion 0 Date 1401 2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-H Page 14 /15 A. scondoprassum ssp. rtundum BSand leek r + Wide M -M 4 Low Asphodeline damascena ssp. Wde -rTur2 Low damascena_ _ _ _ _ _ fntilla.ia pinardi _ + _ _ _ Central, N, S Anatolia Ir-Tur 4 Low Gage3a boemica Eadyv star-of-bethlehem _ __ _ + V Wde Me.3 Low A. granatneniii + N, Central, Anatolia Me-dr 3 LOW G. villosa var. villosa + n n s _ Wide Med. 4 Low Muscan comosum Tassel hyadnth + Wide 4 Low Ml ngectrxm Grn,acu rae hainthooIaIl Wide EuSb--4 Low Omithgrxalu narbonense Pyramidal star-of-bethl-hem + Wide Med 4 Low Sacla bifnlia Alpme squill + _Wlde Med. 4 Low Poaceasg (Graminease Grass family_ _ _ _ _ _ Aelurt)pus littoralis * 8abe gotrs + + _ + VVde 2 Low A. umbelolata ssp. umbeYlulata _ _ + _sCentral, W Anatolia Ir-Tur 4 Low Agrlpy aen orientae + + Central Anatolia Ir-Tur 3 Low Agrestis stoloniea Creering bent-grass + + Wide Eu-Sb 4 Low A. gigantea a Meadow redtop = _ Wide Eu-Sb 4 Low Alopecuis anndinaceus Creeping foxtard + Wide Eu-Sib 4 Low Aa geniulbatus Marsh foxtail _ + d + Narrow Ape n Wtemmedia + Wide Ir-Tur Low Bothnochloa ischaeMLRM Yellow buestam + Central,W Anatol 4 Low Bnza humilis Quakinl brass + + _ _ Wde 4 Low BrPomus squarmsus Corn bm + + Wide 4 Low B. tectorum Drooping bromie + VVide 4Low B. tomentelus Russian bronme = + Wide Ir-Tur 4 Low Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Comiaon stargaass + _ _ + a _ nde 4 Low DRotana sanquinalas Large crab a rass + Wide 4 Low Echinana caeetata + WCd4 S Low Etvmus hisp;dus ssp. barbutatus Sea cWouch-gras = + Wide 4 Low EDemopyTe m orientale * Onental false wheaptgrass _ + _+ Naaw 4 Low 0able J.1. (cont.) Species Common Name 1 2 Habitats 5 6 Distribution In Turt 3000 Exchangeable Sodium Rate < 20 20-40 40-60 60-80 > 80 (N a% )__ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ SAR < 10 10-18 18-26 > 26 Sodium Carbonate Residue (RSC) < 1.25 1.25-2.5 > 2.5 meq/L < 66 66-133 > 133 m g/L _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chloride (Cl-) meq/L 0-4 4-7 7-12 12-20 > 20 mg/L 0-142 142-249 249-426 426-710 > 710 Sulphate (SO,) meq/L 0-4 4-7 7-12 12-20 > 20 mg/L 0-192 192-336 336-575 575-960 > 960 Total Salt Concentration 0-175 175-525 525-1400 1400-2100 > 2100 (mg/L) Boron Concentration 0-0.5 0.5-1.12 1.12-2.0. > 2.0 - (mg/L) Irrigational Water Class ' .. C1S4, C2S4, C', ClS2, C2S2, C3S3, C3S2, CS45, C4S4, + C1SC115,2sc12s2l C,S. C3,S C4S3, 14S2, NO3 or NH4 (mg/L) 0-5 5-10 10-30 30-50 > 50 Fecal Coliform*' (1 /1 00 mL) 0-2 2-20 20-100 100-1000 > 1000 BOi, (mg/L) 0-25 25-50 50-100 100-200 > 200 Suspended Particle Matter 20 30 45 60 > 100 (mg/L) PH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 <6 or> 9 Temperature (IC) 30 30 35 40 > 40 * Found out from Figure 1. ** Can be lesser or more according to the plant species (see Table 2) Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ea'7 APPENDIX-N Page 4 / 5 The classification of irrigational water according to the endurance level against boron is given in Table 9 of the same Notice (see Table 2). Table 2. Classification of Irrigational Water According to the Endurance of the Plants Against Boron Mineral Irrigational Water Boron Concentration in Irrigational Water mg/L) CrrigationlWatr Sensitive Plants Medium Endunng Plants Enduring Plants" Class Orta Derecede Dayanikit Bitkiler2 < 0.33 < 0.67 < 1.00 II 0.33-0.67 0.67-1.33 1.00-2.00 III 0.67-1.00 1.33-2.00 2.00-3.00 IV 1.00-1.25 2.00-2.50 3.00-3.75 V > 1.25 > 2.50 > 3.75 Sample: Walnut, lemon, fig, apple, grape and beans 2 Sample: Barley, wheat, com, oats, olive and cotton 3 Sample: Sugar cane, clover, horse bean, lettuce and carrot Project Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project No.: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document No.: CON-0033 Revision: 0 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-N Page 5 5 30 . gn d28 Cl S c 2s4 26 c -s 3 4 24CS _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C4 S4 22- 1 3 R 20 2 3 ~18 o16 Sr= C 0 ~14 CY 2 _ _ _ _ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~3 2_ bg 6 ~ fStI RT YKE .4 C 5 ~ ~ ULUU TNiKS Revision: 0 Date:~~ 1441.00 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e b LXLbE APPEN DIX-O Page 2/ 19 APPENDIX-O GEOTECHNICAL REPORT FOR SURFACE FACILITIES / PIPELINE ROUTES Engineering and Consultancy Services for Underground Storage of Natural Gas in Tuz Golu Basin 0 BOTA$ PETROLEUM PIPELINE CORPORATION 02ND APRIL 2002 T. (;EBi, ENVY N. AYTEK, ENVY Project: Engineenng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz GOlu Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface FacilitiestPipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Issue: Date: Prepared: T. Cebi Date: 2002-04-02 Checked: F. ,arogIu Date: 2002-04-02 Approved: N. Aytek Date: 2002-04-02 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 Release: TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-O Page 3 / 19 Table of Contents I INTRODUCTION 4 2 GEOLOGY 5 2.1 General Geology 5 2.2 Local Geology 5 3 EARTHQUAKE RISK and SEISMICITY 6 4 SITE INVESTIGATIONS 9 4.1 Borings and In-situ Tests 9 4.2 Test Pits 10 5 GROUNDWATER 11 6 LABORATORY TESTS 12 7 GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES of the SOILS 13 7.1 Surface Facilities Construction Site 13 7.2 Pipelines 14 8 RECOMMENDATIONS on FOUNDATION SYSTEM of FACILITIES 16 8.1 Surface Facilities 16 8.2 Pipelines 18 9 RESULTS and RECOMMENDATIONS 19 Table of Figures Figure 3.1 Epicenter Map of Turkey Earthquakes Between 11-1975 A.D. 7 Figure 3.2 Earthquake Regions in Turkey 8 Table of Tables Table 4.1 The elevations and coordinates of boreholes 9 Table 4.2 Elevation and Coordinates of Test Pits 10 Project Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Golu Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eE -X M APPENDIX-O Page 4/19 1 INTRODUCTION This report includes the results of soil investigations and geotechnical engineering evaluations carried out for surface facilities, brine disposal discharge and fresh water supply pipelines of Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project. In the report, firstly the subsoil conditions at the study area are explained; then recommendations about the soil bearing capacity and foundations of the structure are presented in accordance with the site explorations and laboratory test results. Project: Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G6I1 Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eie y APPENDIX-O Page 5/ 19 2 GEOLOGY 2.1 General Geology The Haymana Formation (Mesozoic-Upper Cretaceous in age) and its overlying units, algiceous limestones (Cenozoic-Paleocene in age), are the basements of the Tuz Gol Basin. The formations in the basin are in the following order; * Paleocene-Lower Eocene aged Kuredag Formation is composed of lacustrine- marine clay stones, sandstones and conglomerates. * Kuredag Formation is overlain by ,ayraz Formation, which is Lower - Middle Eocene in age. Nummulitious limestones, clay stones and sandstones are the characteristic units of this formation. * Bala Formation is Oligocene in age and composed of sandy clay stone with conglomerate interlayers, silty clay stones rich in gypsum, and conglomerate- sandstone-clay stone/shale altemations, respectively. • Bala Formation is overylained by Miocene-Pliocene aged lacustrian deposits (Marl, shale, siltstone and evaporites) and volcanics. * Traces and alluviums overlain Miocene-Pliocene deposits and they are Pleistocene-Recent in age. 2.2 Local Geology The Mio-Pliocene aged lacustrian deposits are seen at the south part of the Tuz Golu Basin. Marl, marly limestone, occasionally silty clay and Quaternary aged alluviums around the lake are observed along the pipeline. The Mio-Pliocene units are composed of basal conglomerates and sandstones in Tuz Golu Basin. They are overlained by lacustrian limestones, marl, shale, siltstone and evaporites, respectively. White-cream colored marl and limestone-shale (highly altered)- sandstone interlayers are seen in the construction site. Limestone interlayers are thin medium bedded, moderately altered. Sandstone and shale units are highly altered to clay and sand. Also, occasionally gypsum interlayers are observed. The alluviums are composed of fine-grained (clay) units in the study area. Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Golu Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e [P N APPENDIX-O Page 6 /19 3 EARTHQUAKE RISK and SEISMICITY Turkey is present in one of the most important earthquake belts, "Alps-Himalayan" starting from Azores Islands and reaching over to South East Asia; and also in between African and Arabian Plates moving towards North-Northwest direction and Eurasian Plate in the north. Since the Aegean Plate tries to stop the movement in the west direction of Anatolian Plate, resulted by the forcing of Arab and African Plates, widening in the North-South direction and Aegean Graben system occurred in the region. The earthquakes in Turkey generally occur in the border zones in between Anatolian Plate and the surrounding plates. These zones consist of North Anatolian Fault, South East Anatolian Trusting Belt and Aegean Graben System (Figure 3.1) The investigation area is in the 5th degree earthquake zone according to Turkey Earthquake Map (Figure 3.2). The superstructure and the foundations should be designed according to "The Regulations for the Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, 1998". According to the same regulation, the soil in the study area belongs to (B) Soil Group and (Z2) Regional Soil Class. Besides, due to the same regulation, dynamic ground acceleration coefficient can be taken as AO = 0.10. Spectrum characteristic periods TA and TB are given as 0.15 sec and 0.40 sec for Z2 Regional Soil Class. Project: Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Gl1u Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-O Page 7 /19 Revision 0 Date: 2002-04-02 ; t0 t 's Cse- _ T _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$; Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02~a 00 . TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT fiV7 j fPLLEL APPENDIX-O Page 8 /19 .3 a~~~~~~~~~~~~ , , . *~ * . 3 _~ _ .!. .X - * *, * * -.- - - - - -~ *"- - * . 3U a a * a"- " ~ * - - -. * -- -, - a e ' *6a | 3 aM"I a w ,,',.h '3P' . V ' * * U S 4 U *, ,, * 63 _ l.Zct *' _ ._* -U * 5| * *g _we,*e3 - . _* di * - * U -'.i* * : -EpT * *EN F -.LrR T *F ArU* p* * r11 - X ultl~* 3lig l ; *- * w *. !.* . '*Wi * -W f, 3* > Fiue32 Eathuke-gin3-ure Project:Eniee TzG.Bs ,, No.: 12.0123 p .v:L *; *C't -I'C,F f " Document Te Go ia Re-p o S ,e F * m . C Revision * Date: _200204 * J * UDZGt * U ExPgT:>U^S ES^"I DEATfEX * 3f* , * Z ,84WLfO"C~ 4 3^s _ U _c F Rf viRinn n nat;4 2nn244-n2la @L4 U l I . _ .. _._. _ __ _. ____ . _~~C . 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~U* . TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eIV C PLbA APPENDIX-O Page 9 19 4 SITE INVESTIGATIONS Site investigations were carried out between 07.12.2001 - 11.12.2001. Site investigations were performed in three groups as: (i) boreholes, (ii) test pits and (iii) in- situ tests. All studies were done in accordance with the ASTM, BS and TSE standards. In this scope, six boreholes (total 122.45) were drlled and 10 test pits were excavated. Standard penetration tests and pressuremeter tests were done during drllings. 4.1 Borings and In-situ Tests At the site, six boreholes with depths 20.20 m and 20.45 m were drilled at the locations shown on the site location plan given in Attachment 1. Borings were performed by truck mounted drilling rg Mobile Drill B-53 and Acker Mark II between the dates 07.12.2001 - 10.12.2001. The depths, aim, elevations and the coordinates of the borings are presented in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 The elevations and coordinates of boreholes Borehole No Depths (m) Location Coordinates Elevation S-1__________ 2S e i5E N (m3) S-i 20.45 Surface Facilities 51375 17250 1013.390 S-2 20.45 Surface Facilities 51315 17110 1019.225 S-3 20.45 Surface Facilities 51065 17075 1023.260 S-4 20.20 Surface Facilities 51250 16800 1023.390 S-5 20.45 Surface Facilities 51300 16875 1019.305 S-6 20.45 Surface Facilities 51450 16875 1017.310 Disturbed samples were obtained from standard penetration tests (SPT), which were conducted in every 1.50 m interval in order to determine the soil density and soil stiffness of the poorly consolidated rock formation in accordance with the technical specifications (ASTM-1586 and TS-1901). In addition, undisturbed (UD) samples were taken by pushing the thin-walled samplers (Shelby tubes) into the soil by hydraulic pressure whenever the soil conditions were suitable. Disturbed samples were kept in double nylon bags, labeled and sent to laboratory. In the study area, pressuremeter tests were also performed in the boreholes S-1 and S-5 to determine the deformation properties of the subsoil. Tests were performed with Louis Menard GA type pressuremeter by using 70 mm N type probe. The change in the modulus of deformation (Ep), limit pressure (Pi) and net limit pressure (PI(net)) by depth in the boreholes, in which the tests were performed, are given in Attachment 5. Project: Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G61i Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No. CON-0032 Revision 0 Date: 2002-04-02 a TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX-O Page 10 19 The observed soil profiles, the measured standard penetration numbers, disturbed (SPT) and undisturbed sample depths, pressuremeter test depths and other information were all reported in the detailed boring logs given in Attachment 3 and 4. Idealized geological sections drawn after the evaluation of bonng logs are also presented in Attachment 2. 4.2 Test Pits At the site, 10 test pits, eight of which are on water discharge pipeline and two of which are on fresh water supply pipeline, having variable depths between 1.00 - 1.50 m were excavated by a JCB back-hoe on 11.12.2001. Bagged samples were taken from every test pit for laboratory tests. The elevations and the coordinates of the test pits are presented in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 Elevation and Coordinates of Test Pits Coordinates Elevations Test Pit No. Depth (m) Locations E |lNa(m) E N (mn) DA(Q-1 1.50 Discharge 50050 21450 974.700 Pipeline__ _ _ _ _ _ DA,C-2 1.50 Discharge 49500 24250 984.100 _______ ____ __ _______ P ipeline_ _ _ _ _ _ _ DA,-3 1.00 Discharge 47125 30250 968.400 Pipeline DAQ-4 1.20 Discharge 46375 32650 951.200 Pipeline__ _ _ _ _ _ DAQ-5 1.50 Pipeline 45950 34875 951.200 DAQ-6 1.50 Discharge 45200 39050 928.500 Pipeline __ _ _ _ DA,-7 1.00 Discharge 45500 42050 915.600 ____________ ~~Pipeline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DA,-8 1.50 Discharge 45650 47150 911.400 Pipeline SA,-1 1.50 Water Pipeline 48300 20250 995.500 SA,-2 0.75 Water Pipeline 50010 19150 998.750 Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G61u Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-O Page 11/ 19 5 GROUNDWATER During site investigations, no groundwater was encountered neither in boreholes nor in test pits. Project Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Gblo Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 a TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eEY [LPLLL APPENDIX-O Page 12 /19 6 LABORATORY TESTS The necessary soil mechanics experiments on the disturbed (SPT) and undisturbed (UD) soil samples taken from boreholes and bagged samples taken from test pits were conducted in order to determine their geotechnical properties. All the experiments were performed in accordance with TS-1 900 and ASTM standards. Atterberg Limits tests, sieve analyses and sufficient hydrometer test were conducted as a standard procedure for the classification of soils. The related test results are given in the test results tables in Attachment 6.1. This table also includes the natural water content (wn), natural unit weight (Yn), specific weight (Gs) and the classifications with respect to the unified soil classification system (USCS). The grain size curves obtained from the sieve analyses and hydrometer tests are also presented in Attachment 6.1. Unconsolidated-undrained (UU) triaxial compression tests and unconfined compression (qu) tests were performed on the undisturbed (UD) samples to obtain shear strength parameters. The results obtained from these tests were given in the tables of soil mechanics test results where as the stress-deformation curves are given separately for each tests in Attachment 6.1. The consolidation tests were performed on undisturbed (UD) samples to obtain the compressibility of the subsoil layers. The values of modulus of volumetric compressibility mv and the graphs of e-log p are given in Attachment 6.1. The measured swell pressures were also given test result tables. The standard proctor tests, besides classification tests, were performed on samples taken from test pits to determine the suitability of the excavated material for filling works. Results of laboratory tests performed on samples taken from test pits are given in Attachment 6.2. Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Gol0 Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT eaYT CVPLLR APPENDIX-O Page 131/19 7 GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES of the SOILS At the site, there exist lacustnne deposits made up of white - grayish white and cream- colored marl layers. Marl formations are highly weathered; contain widespread white clay, occasional clay band, limestone interlayer and trace fine limestone gravels. In this chapter, the geotechnical properties of the soils in surface facilities construction site and pipelines are discussed. 7.1 Surface Facilities Construction Site Because of poorly consolidated marl formations, standard penetration tests could be done and also undisturbed samples could be taken from some levels. Durng standard penetration tests, SPT blow numbers were observed to be in between N = 23 - 50G, generally N > 50. However at completely weathered and clayey levels, SPT values are varying in between N = 23 - 35. The properties of the highly weathered marl obtained from laboratory and field test results are summarized as below: Group Symbol CH-CL Standard Penetration Number N30 = 23 - 50+ (N%rt = 40) Fine Content F (%/o) = 52-99 (representative value F (%/o) = 92) Gravel Content G (%/o) = 0-10 (representative value G (%o) = 2) Liquid Limit LL (lo) = 34-107 (representative value LL (%/o) = 57) Plastic Limit PL (%) = 16-40 (representative value PL (%) = 23) Plasticity Index Pt (%/c) = 16-67 (representative value P1 (%lo) = 34) Natural Water Content wn (lo) = 11-66 (representative value wn (lo) 34.5) Specific Gravity G, = 2.63-2.74 (representative value Gs = 2.70) Natural Unit Weight yr(kN/rn3)=15.5-20. 71 (representative value yn=18 kN/m3) The unconsolidated-undrained (UU) triaxial compression tests and unconfined compression (qu) tests were performed on undisturbed samples (UD) taken from the borings. According to test results, the shear strength parameters of clay soil are as follows; Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Golo Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision 0 Date: 2002-04-02 ________~~ u * TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Tel X PLL APPENDIX-O Page 14 /19 Cu = 50 - 150 kPa (average c, = 100 kPa) 0, = 8° - 21 0 (average Ou = 120) qu = 70.07 - 137.45 (average qu = 110.50 kPa) Taking into consideration the clayey layers existing between marl formation, the correlations between SPT resistance-undrained shear strength (ct) given in the literature were used for the determination of shear strength parameters. From the relationships given by Stroud (1974) between SPT resistance and undrained shear strength (cu); for Nave= 40 and Pi (%) = 34 - cu= 150 kPa Therefore, also considering the laboratory test results, the short-term shear strength of the marl units could be taken as; cu= 100 kPa, Ou = 00 -y, = 18 kN/m3 It is observed from the pressuremeter tests performed in marl formation that the modulus of pressuremeter, Ep changes in between Ep = 23,800-41,700 kPa (average 31,500 kPa) and the net limit pressure, (Pi)net changes in between Pi(net) = 1870-2840 kPa (average 2400 kPa). In order to determine the deformation parameters of the subsoil, consolidation tests were performed on undisturbed (UD) samples taken from different levels of marl formations. The modulus of volume compressibility (m,) at different loading levels varies between; Mv = 10.0 x10-5 m2/kN The correlations given in the literature were also used for the determination of deformation parameters. From the relationships given by Stroud (1974); for Nave= 40 and Pi (%) = 34 -e m,= 5.5 x 10-5m2/kN According to consolidation test results, it is also seen that clay has swelling potential. Swell pressure values of the marl formation at the site vary between 10-67 kPa. 7.2 Pipelines Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G610 Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Ttle: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPEN DIX-O Page 15 19 At brine disposal discharge and fresh water supply pipeline routes, marl layer takes place under 0.3 - 0.7 m thick top soil. The properties of the marl at pipeline routes obtained from laboratory test results are summarized as below: Group Symbol SC (CL in some levels) Fine Content F (%lo) 14 - 51 (representative value F (9%6) 34.3) Gravel Content G (9%) = 4 - 47 (representative value G (%lo) 24.5) Liquid Limit LL (%) = 34 - 45 (representative value LL (%/a) = 39) Plastic Limit PL (%lo) = 17- 29 (representative value PL (%) = 24) Plasticity Index Pl (%/) = 9- 20 (representative value Pl (/) = 15) Optimum Water Content WOpt = 18.9 - 27.8 (representative value WOp(%) = 24.5) Max. Dry Unit Weight Ymax = 14.98- 16.82 (representative valuermax= 15.6 kN/m3) The laboratory tests on a sample taken from DAq-1 has given high optimum water content and low maximum dry unit weight values. The consistency limits also have high values. All these results are considered to be due to the salt amount in the sample. Project: Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G6lu Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT E U Fi L[LPL APPENDIX-O Page 16 19 8 RECOMMENDATIONS on FOUNDATION SYSTEM of FACILITIES In the scope of Underground Natural Gas Storage Project in Tuz Golu Basin, surface facilities and brine disposal discharge and fresh water supply pipelines are planned to be constructed. 8.1 Surface Facilities At Surface Facilities site, there will be facilities such as compressors, regulating and metering skid, pressure-reducing skid, coolers and heaters, oil separators, dehydration unit, office building, warehouse, package waste treatment plant. The foundation soil of all the structures will be weathered marl formation with occasional clay interlayer. The footings of all the structures could be planned as shallow foundations. However, because of the heterogeneous structure of the marl formation, footings are recommended as continuous footings or according to structural properties, raft foundation could be used. Accordingly, also considering the freeze effect, the foundations should be seated minimum 1.0 m below the ground surface and design the footing widths as B 21.20 m. BEARING CAPACITY: By utilizing related parameters given for marl formation in Chapter 7.1 and by using the following equation to calculate the bearing capacity of a strip footing with; Foundation depth, Df 2 1.0 m Foundation width, B 2 1.20; q. = cu. N. + y. Df. (Nq - 1) + 1/2 .y . B . Ny c = 100 kPa 7y = 18 kN/m3 o = 0° ) Nc=5.14, Nq =1, N= 0 qu= 100*5.14+0+0-514kPa qal= 514/3 = 171 kPa Considering that the marl formation is highly weathered and has clay interlayers, net bearing capacity of the foundation soil can be taken as: Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G61u Basin Proj./Job No. 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface FacilitiestPipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT e V7E APPENDIX-O Page 17 /19 q.1, = 150 kPa (1.50 kg/cm2) This value can be increased by 1/3 for the earthquake considerations. SETTLEMENTS: (a) From Pressuremeter Test Results Settlements can be calculated by using pressuremeter test results and below equation; s =q / ( 9. Ep). [2. B0. (Xd. B / B0o)" + o. c. B] B foundation width =1.20 m (minimum foundation width) q: net average bearing (here it is taken as q = q = 150 kPa) Ep : pressuremeter modulus - 31500 kPa (average) Bo reference width = 0.60m Xd and X factors related to foundation dimensions a: geologic factor related to soil type and characteristics = 1/2 s = 150 / (9x31,500) x [2x0.6x(1.53x1.2/0.6)05 + 0.5x1.2x1.2] s_ 1.0 cm (b) From Consolidation Test Results Soed = qnet.mv-H mv : average = 7x10-5 m2/kN H 5m (compressible layer thickness) qnet 150kPa soed = 150 x 7 x 10 x 500 = 5.25 cm 4 S =0.60 x soed = 3 cm Considering that the loads transferred to the soil from the superstructure will be less than net bearng capacity or the decrease of the loads transferred from the structures in case the foundations are seated on deeper layers; the expected settlements will not be more than 1.0 - 2.0 cm. Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz GOIu Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT `j ;EXL[P APPENDIX-O Page 18 /19 On the other hand, due to the swelling pressure of marl formation with clay interlayers, that reaches 67 kPa, it is recommended that the foundation should be designed with the minimum base pressure, 50 kPa. 8.2 Pipelines It is observed that marl is the dominant soil in all test pits performed along the 6000 m long fresh water supply route and 39,000 m long brine disposal discharge route. The materials excavated along pipeline routes, except the 0.3-0.7 m thick topsoil, could be used for back filling. Excavations for pipeline construction could be performed vertically. Project: Engineering and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz Golo Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT jT X1 i APPENDIX-O Page 19/ 19 9 RESULTS and RECOMMENDATIONS Foundations of all surface facilities of Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project could be planned as shallow foundations. Foundations of these structures could be constructed as continuous footings or raft foundation according to structural properties. However footing widths of continuous footings will not be less than 120 cm. In this case the net bearing capacity of the foundation soil can be taken as; q,,l= 150 kPa (1.50 kg/cm2) Total settlements taking place in foundation soil under the loads transferred from the superstructure will be within allowable limits. Marl, which is the foundation soil, is sensitive to atmospheric effects and has softening and swelling problems when in contact with water. For this reason, excavations should be done in dry season and not be kept exposed for a long time. Moreover, after the foundation excavation, base should be covered by at least 10 cm lean concrete in order to prevent bottom heave. Excavations for foundation and pipelines could be done vertically. The materials excavated along pipeline routes, except the 0.3 - 0.7 m thick topsoil, could be used for back filling. The subsoil could be classified as 80 % soft rock, 10 % hard soil and 10 % soft soil for excavation works. The modulus of subgrade reaction for the foundation soil in construction site could be taken as; k, = 30.000 kN/m3 Sultanhani and surrounding area are in the 5th degree earthquake zone and related regulations should be considered in earthquake calculations. Project: Engineerng and Consultancy Services for UGS in Tuz G610 Basin Proj./Job No.: 12.0123 Document Title: Geotechnical Report for Surface Facilities/Pipeline Routes Document No.: CON-0032 Revision: 0 Date: 2002-04-02 L, LNS LY AN_. L' f1L.r-4mLN'AL i r-4L. _ UNDERGROUND STORAGE Underground storage of liquefied and gaseous hydrocarbons is called as energy storage. With the increase in energy consumption, there is an increasing dependency on seasonal consumption fluctuations, high percentage of imports and influences due to crises developments. These dependencies can only be counteracted by the storage of adequate quantities of primary energy carriers. Experience, research and development work have demonstrated underground storage is superior to conventional aboveground storage as: I storages in caverns in salt, hard rock, -< - - .^. depleted oil and gas reservoirs, aquifers and abandoned mines incur considerably less costs and are therefore more economical to establish and operate than above- ground installations of a comparably _ __ ~~~~~large size; . the storage stock is safely protected from operational disasters (e.g., fire, explosions) as well as against extemal and environmental hazards; underground storage is -L _ _ l environmentally favourable because i- an impairment of the storage facility environment (landscape, air, water) is practically excluded by storage at great depths. SCHEMATIC FLOWDIAGRAM OF AN UNDERGROUND STORAGE FACILITY Pipeline M etering Dehydration station . Meterinat, l -|- -1H---z) w - L, -= 4'st.l a- , station 48 Fdter * F . _ Compressor Cooler Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 #%vy* 2 LNLI.L . AN4_ L, X 4L_r4N46L- AL t-'.LN2''i , I NL. Where to store natural gas underground? 7A1arark V Salt caverns: Occurring partly in great thickness (salt dome, stratified salt), it offers ideal preconditions for use as underground storage due to its absolute impermeability. Storage caverns in salt are generally established by leaching. V Hard rock caverns: - magmatic, metamorphic or sedimentary - offers different preconditions for the installation of storages. Hard rock caverns are excavated using conventional methods. If gaseous or liquefied products are to be stored, the tightness of the storage areas is achieved by internal lining and sealing. V Aquifers: The water-filled pore spaces of sedimentary rocks are suitable for gas storage as long as there are impermeable overburdens above these. V Disused or abandoned mines: Ore, coal and salt mines are suitable for natural gas storage in many cases. V Depleted oil and gas fields: They have proven to be tight over geological periods and can therefore also be used for gas storage. Salt caverns will be used within the scope of Tuz Golu Basin Underground Gas Storage Project. Hence, the following headings give detailed information only on this type of storage. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 3 -A *~ ~ --S _ Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility (Schematic) Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 * " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Wvy L>* U4 A'..i_ C' S .2NML'4! AL -.' L' Th'L' * - NrL. Leaching Process The establishment of salt caverns assumes thick salt formations. For the leaching of salt rock formation, approximately 9-10 m3 of water is required per m3 of salt, which can be taken from the surface waters, sea or groundwater. If the operating conditions and the desired storage volume are known, then site investigations and rentability calculations can be made. This is followed by the design of the wells and aboveground installations with pipeline systems, separators, pump stations, energy supply, etc. + Fi~~~~~~~~~tel . - 1] U,Q U_i jrt - GI,:oi L'F4el$I t'incna se^; *rfsa ^ I;s;stf - .S.HEMAT,IC OF CAER STRG FA T tq 1),,- -;4 1* ,T~ ;- -*', , ._: en I1s m n,;ndng oni i I i. p9recondition. Thwluls hv he opeeyseparae comuictir li=---,nkup to th concentcallyto on anthr Frswae or eve lo sal content wae (e.g. se waer SCHEMIFi~C Or CAVERRN SFOlASE IFACi.lY w4w ' ~5rl 1-- "}1 The leaching process is carried out via wells, which are drilled from abtveground and extend down to depths of 2000 m depending on the requirements and geological preconditions. The wells have three completely separate communication linkups to the cavern zone due to two freely suspended tubing strings installed adjacently or concentrically to one another. Freshwater or even low salt content water (e.g. sea water) is pumped into the well via one of the linkups. The water dissolves salt at the cavern walls and in doing so, becomes saturated. The brine is displaced via a second linkup to aboveground and channelled off. Wherever it cannot be put to use, the brine is channelled into the sea (into the estuary region of large rivers) or injected under pressure into suitably deep rock formations. Via the third linkup, normally the outermost annulus, a protective medium (blanket) that does not dissolve salt and is lighter than water (e.g. diesel fuel or natural gas), is pumped into the cavern in order to avoid a solution process in the region Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 5 of the cavern roof. Core investigations and borehole surveys make it possible to design the leaching process in such a way that the rock-mechanically admissible dimensions are not exceeded, but put to optimal use. The leaching method is determined by geological conditions, desired cavern form and economical considerations: e 7 s,The direct leaching method permits a more speedy development of the cavern in the lower region. Hereby freshwater ! 1-t 4' is fed to the cavem bottom and .I - 9 the brine recovered from the upper region of the cavern back 3 * i 3 .Q, through the inner annulus. ..By the indirect leaching method .. _-____._____.._....__ freshwater is passed via the i A LEACHING PROCESS inner annulus into the upper ISaktca%ems.directsolution mining region of the cavem and the lSacams, idire soluinnmining brine in the lower region of the 4 Main pump srttion cavern is withdrawn via the inner 5 Blanket station Sepermator case string. In this way, there is 8Brine disposal a more speedy development in 9Water intake ^ 1 A Sah rod. the upper zone of the cavern. B Overburden The desired cavem configuration is achieved by varying the setting depths of leaching strings, leaching rates and by optional application of the direct and indirect method. The leaching process is controlled and . monitored by water and brine . analyses, echometrical surveys as .X well as computer-based calcula- tions and simulations. . . A PROIDUC:T STORAGE . . ~~~~~~~~~F. 4.- ! - Depending on the geological F- conditions and operational 2 . requirements, salt cavems can achieve storage volumes of 100,000 to above 500,000 m3. For the later 4 storage operation, both leaching L - . - * strings are replaced by a production string. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 6 LNi~L"Y AN La%, i_L.X!'tMLN A".* I " NL. High-Pressure Natural Gas Storage High-pressure natural gas caverns constructed by solution mining are used for short-term or seasonal compensation of fluctuations in supply. The particular advantages of the storage of natural gas in salt caverns are as follows: L Gas Cooler and Preheating Installations V The individual volume of a cavern and thus, 7 the working gas volume of the entire cavern can be pregiven and so stipulated in the design. V The capacity of a cavern can be gradually adapted by corresponding development - stages to meet the rising demand. / The play in working pressure and the Cavern Head LJon G First Fill (ne working gas are indeed dependent on the withdrawal of a hkih p e?e-¶tmIqs depth of the salt reservoir, but can be 0 . adapted within wide ranges to meet the .,-; .; ~- requirements. The working gas volume -e t^* p. X J can be 80% and above of the volume stored. V q The high withdrawal rates permit the use of salt cavern storages not only for purposes of seasonal compensation, but ^F l - also to cover short-term occurrence of very large output peaks. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ , ~"v 4 ~~~~~~LN~:t.JLY t-.Ns L:- lQr-L A "NsL! 5MNtS f= IN L. Brine Production Construction of salt caverns is __ technically equivalent to the production of brine; salt cavemr . technology is therefore also brine production technology. , Depending on the geological factors, the following leaching methods are usually applied for brine production: Brine production by freshwater injection into a well according to the usual cavern construction method. _I - | a V With salt deposits of small thickness, brine _ _ _ a production from two or more wells is recommended. Due to the low leaching stop level these ind ividual cavem develop more quickly in a hori ontal direction and coalesce to a -~ form one cav rn. This is followed by the introduction of tle freshwater into one well and the discharge Qf the brine through the other wells. The hydraulic linkup of two or several V boreholes can also be produced using the | frac method. This occurs due to the heaving of weakness zones at the basis, of the salt deposits as a result ofD hydrofracturing. Finally freshwater is injected into a well, flows through the frac _ zone and rises to the surface out of the de other wells in the form of brine, thereby producing a premature saturation of the brine, an enlargement of the spacing of the wells and a reduction in their number. v n .i Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 8 An optimum of efficiency can be achieved, if brine production for industrial brine processing can be combined with the construction of underground storages. Salt Production via SolarEva,poration i- Removal of Brine String by Snubbing Unit . - 9 H I xlkF.-. BnnePgndsfor Solar Evaporit crx ,'. s - - a;!44i,._ Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No, 00-35-01 LLhkLaY AN_.. L I~L.NAILN'AL 1,',CL ^ 1-4L. Operation and Maintenance Facilities for the underground storage of gas require expert operation and maintenance. Tightness is the most . .- .-= fgeF rordompressorBWlding essential consideration. ; 7 - Corrosion or poor cementation may be the ..l cause of leaks. Apart from the safety- oriented operations, reservoir-engineenng . support is also necessary ' to prevent damage to the ; _ _ _ reservoir or the equipment. 4 . It is, for instance, essential - . _ to optimise operating . _ , procedures and to continuously improve models developed tor reservoir simulation. If flow to the well detoriates or other problems occur, it may also become necessary to carry out a well workover. New perforations in the tubing or sand-blasting may substantially improve well performance. Water encroachment may also be a cause for well workoyers, if tubing perforations are too deep. Appropriate well maintenance will always be essential for maximizing benefits from an underground storage reservoir. Salt storage cavems also require regular engineerng support. Cavern shape must, for instance, be surveyed to monitor convergence and to compare convergence rates with rates predicted. Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project April 2002 Project No. 00-35-01 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES M ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT y ijXL L E APPENDIX-S APPENDIX -S PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING QUESTIONS AND NSWERS 0 Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Tile: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision 1 Date: 14.01.2003 TUZ GOLU BASIN UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE ENGINEERING AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT C | a iR APPENDIX-S QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Question: What are the reasons for not using surface water instead of groundwater dunng the creation of caverns? Answer: During the alternative evaluation for water supply, the necessary researches were made. Accordingly, no surface water could be determined at a location nearby the project area in the surroundings. The closest surface water source is the E§mekaya Lake located approximately 30 km northwest of the area. The 4.500 ha area at the mentioned region has been declared as a Site Area in 1992 under the name of Esmekaya Reed Bed, and declared as Wild Life Protection Area in 1994. In this respect, it will not be possible to obtain the approximately 570 m3/h (- 4.993.200 m3/year) water requirement necessary for the proposed project from a site area. Additionally, bringing water from a source 30 km distant would add extra costs to the project. The above mentioned explanations are given at Final Report Section 7.3. Question: How much are will the project cover? Will the regional stockbreeding be affected from the project? Will the project prevent animal transits? Answer: The project is comprised of (I) surface plants / facilities, (ii) wellheads and (iii) pipelines. The area of the surface facilities is 500 m x 800 m. The wellheads possess a very small area, and it is estimated that this area will be at most 20 m x 20 m. The pipelines will pass underground. In this respect, except for the surface facilities and wellheads, no area will be occupied to negatively affect the animal transit or the agricultural activities. Question: What measures will be taken for to prevent collapsing and leakage possibilities at the wells opened by TPAO in the proximity and the cavities at 100-300 m depths when natural gas is pumped to the caverns? Answer: During the drilling activities, it is possible that cavities or groundwater sources be present at the formations transited until an impermeable area is reached. In this case, casing will be placed along the drilling cross section until the impermeable formation and the drilling activities shall be executed within this caisson. In this way, there will not be any leak or leakage when any cavity is reached. In this respect, the drilling activities performed at both of the wells have been realized in the explained manner. For both of the wells, a caisson has been placed until an impermeable formation is reached at approx. 660 m, and the drilling activities were performed within this caisson. Therefore, it has been prevented for the underground sources to be negatively affected from potential drilling mud leak. Question: What are the measures to be taken durng drilling studies for the collapses that may arise due to the possibility of mud filling to these cavities located underground? Project: Tuz Golu Basin Underground Natural Gas Storage Project Project: 12.0123 Engineering and Consultancy Services Document Title: Environmental Impact Assessment Report Document Title: CON-0033 Revision: 1 Date 14.01.2003 * Answer: The answer to this question is the same as the preceding one. Question: What will be the environmental effect of the nitrogen gas used for impermeability? Answer: When it is considered that the nitrogen gas ratio in the air we breathe is 78%, it is not foreseen that the nitrogen gas used in the scope of the project to have any negative effect. Question: How good is the durability to earthquakes? Answer: The project site is located at one of the least seisni ic and most stable regions of Anatolia. However, the past seismic history of Turkey provide ; evidence that earthquakes of 6,5 magnitude can arise at almost any unexpected location wilhin the country. Consequently, in terms of the results of such a variable case, it would be a more foresighted approach to account for a "long-term" seismic risk in the site. When ev luated in long term (average return period within 5000 year term), PGA (peak ground a celeration) will be about 0,3g. When evaluated in short term (which is approximately 500 ye r return period), PGA will bear a value of 0,17g. In this respect, during the design of the facilities in the project site, the earthquake magnitude that has been estimated with the worst case scenario has been taken into account. In this manner, every kind of measure has been taken for the surface facilities in case an earthquake occurs. Additionally, the studies performed at the project site, point out that the caverns to be constructed 700 m below the ground will not be affected from any seismic * activity. However, there will be safety valves at the caverns at several depths along the line extending from the surface down to the cavern mouth. These valves will not only be automatically closed durng earthquakes, but also in case of all extraordinary phenomenal conditions. Question: How will the pasture, treasure and agricultur I fields be affected? Isn't it necessary for the Parcel and Plate numbers of the wells to be opened and the estates to be utilized at the project to be known? Answer: The project is currently in the stage of feasibility al d the "certain" location of the project has not yet been determined. In this respect, it is not possible to determine the parcel numbers of the project site. However, before the comm encement of the construction activities in the region, an application is to be made to the M nistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agricultural Production and Development General Directorate (TUGEM) regarding the fact that whether the project site is included within the 4342 is sued Pasture Law. In case the area is a pasture, permission will be taken from TUGEM for allocation purpose modification before the commencement of the investment. Question: Will the drinking water of the Sultanhani District be affected from the project? Answer: All the water transmission and discharge lines will be transmitted with closed pipe system. Additionally, it has been researched by DSI whether the water to be necessary for the leaching is present in the region and approval has been g iven regarding the fact that the approximately annual 5 million m3 water necessary for this project can be met from the underground water resources. In this respect, it is not expected for any negative effect to occur on the drinking water resources in the scope of the project. Question: Can the brine obtained as a result of the leaching of the salt formation be used for irrigation purposes after treatment? Answer: It is possible for to treat the brine and bring it to the irrigation water criteria. In this respect, the water taken from sea in the Arabian countries is treated. However, this is a very costly process. Since the water amount to arise at the end of the leaching process is very high, and due to the fact that the treatment of the arising brine being very costly, this is not a cost-effective method. Question: Will the fact that groundwater being used for the project, negatively affect the agriculture in the region? Answer: The utilization of ground water during the project will not be continuous and shall only be used during the period of opening the caverns (approximately 10 years). In this respect, the opinion of DSI has been taken regarding the ground water reserves in this area and the mentioned institution has allocated a total of approximately 5 x 1 6 m3 of water for this project. Therefore, an approximate 10-year utilization of the ground water is not expected to negatively affect the irrigation activities of the region. Question: What will be the effect of the brine arising as a result of the leaching of the salt formation? Answer: Detailed explanations are present at section 5.2.5.4 of the EIA Report for this topic. Accordingly, the brine obtained as a result of leaching operation will be discharged to the Tuz Golu. For this aim, a Niggle Diagram has been prepared to clearly determine whether the Tuz Golu shows similar characteristics with the brine (brine). The mentioned diagram is being used for a long time by DSI for basin and irrigation water projects and by Bank of Provinces for drinking water projects, to determine whether different water are of the same source or not. This diagram draws the anion and cation concentrations of the water sources on a single-sided logarithmic scale and the anion-cation changes of the water are observed. In the same-sourced waters, the anion-cation changes at the waters shows similarity. In the scope of the Tuz Golu UNGSP (Underground Natural Gas Storage Project), the analysis results of the water sample taken from the Tuz Golu is compared with the analysis values of the salt cores via a Niggle Diagram. In the diagram where the anion and cation concentrations are taken into account, it has been seen that the salt cores and the anion- cation changes of the Tuz Golu show a similarity. In this respect, it can be drawn out that the Tuz Golu and the water to be obtained by leaching the salt cores are of the same source. As a result, the discharge of the brine to be obtained as a result of the leaching of salt cores to Tuz Golu will not negatively affect the present quality of the lake. Additionally, as a consequence of the discharge of the brine to be obtained from the salt beds, which are a continuation of the salt beds located under the Tuz Golu and having the same composition with the Tuz Golu, to the lake will positively affect the lake, which is subject to continuous water loss. In a similar in Germany, the fact that the discharge of the leaching waters for long years to a fresh water source (Fulda River) near the project site has not negatively affected the lake, gives a general idea regarding the environmental issues menti6ned above. Note: By the regional community of Bezirci Lake nearby the project site, it has been stated that Kaisers occur from time to time in the region. f i l