92603 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Implementing Partner Documentation Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study Working Paper No. 4 April 2014 Rebecca Horn Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan i Pilot Reintegration Project Documentation Series DDR Programme 2013-2014 Pilot Republic of South Sudan Book 1: Project Management Documentation • Pilot Reintegration Project: TDRP Key Learning Report • External Final Evaluation of the Pilot Reintegration Project • Ex-Combatant Satisfaction Survey • Pilot Reintegration Project Document as Implemented (October 2014) Book 2: Implementing Partner Documentation • SECTION I - Consultancy to Implement Livelihoods Support UNICON Ltd - Final Report • SECTION II - Consultancy to Implement DDR Community Support Projects IOM South Sudan - Final Report • SECTION III - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Adam Smith International - Final Report Book 3: Livelihoods Support Training Materials and Start-Up Kit Report • SECTION I -Livelihoods Support Training Materials • Entrepreneurship, Cooperatives and Financial Literacy Training of Trainers Curriculum • Entrepreneurship, Cooperatives and Financial Literacy Training Manual • Agriculture Methods and Business Skills Training of Trainers Curriculum • Agriculture Methods and Business Skills Trainer’s Handbook • SECTION II - Livelihood Start-Up Kits Summary & Reflection Book 4: ICRS and M&E Manuals • Information Counseling and Referral System User’s Manual • Monitoring & Evaluation Manual 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 www.tdrp.net www.worldbank.org This report was produced by the Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP). The findings, inter- pretations, and conclusions herein are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the views of the TDRP donors, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, its Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denomina- tions, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Cover Design: Duina Reyes-Bakovic Photo Credits: TDRP, NDDRC and Implementing Partners Table of Contents SECTION I - UNICON Ltd. Consultancy to Implement Livelihoods Support Final Report Annex A: Phase I - Final Report Annex B: Phase I - Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Annex C: Phase II - Project Implementation Plan (PIP) SECTION II - IOM South Sudan Consultancy to Implement DDR Community Support Projects Final Report Annex A: Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Annex B: Community Selection Criteria SECTION III - Adam Smith International Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Final Report Annex A: Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Annex B: Ex-Combatant Baseline Survey Report Annex C: Community Baseline Survey Report iii Section I UNICON Ltd. Consultancy to Implement Livelihoods Support Table of Contents Final Report Annex A: Phase I - Final Report Annex B: Phase I - Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Annex C: Phase II - Project Implementation Plan (PIP) UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component WORLD BANK DDR PILOT REINTEGRATION PROJECT IN SOUTH SUDAN CONSULTANCY TO IMPLEMENT THE LIVELIHOODS SUPPORT COMPONENT FINAL REPORT (PHASE II) PREPARED FOR: WORLD BANK & NDDRC August 2014 Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 1 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Table of Contents ! 1.! Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 4! 1.1! Country profile ................................................................................................................................... 4! 1.2! South Sudan DDR Program .............................................................................................................. 5! 1.3! Project Background ........................................................................................................................... 5! 2.! Phase I Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 7! 2.1! Pre-training of ex-combatants ........................................................................................................... 7! 2.2! Training of Trainers ........................................................................................................................... 7! 2.3! Mapel Intensive and Field Follow-up training .................................................................................... 8! 2.4! Livelihood Start-up Kits ..................................................................................................................... 9! 3.! Phase II Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 12! 4.! Project Preparation .................................................................................................................................. 14! 4.1! Mid-Term Assessment of Programming & Resumption of Activities ............................................... 14! 4.2! TOT Preparation and Logistics ....................................................................................................... 15! 4.3! Training of Trainers: Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy ....................................... 19! 4.4! Training of Trainers: Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 27! 5.! State-based follow-up trainings ............................................................................................................... 37! 5.1! Training overview ............................................................................................................................ 39! 5.2! Team composition ........................................................................................................................... 41! 5.3! State Specific Reporting: Northern Bahr el-Ghazal......................................................................... 43! 5.4! State Specific Reporting: Western Bahr el-Ghazal ......................................................................... 51! 5.5! State Specific Reporting: Warrap .................................................................................................... 59! 5.6! State Specific Reporting: Lakes ...................................................................................................... 67! 5.7! State Training Lessons Learned ..................................................................................................... 74! 6.! Technical Skills Extension ....................................................................................................................... 77! 6.1! Agricultural Extension Visits ............................................................................................................ 77! 6.2! Vocational Expert Visits .................................................................................................................. 77! 6.3! Targeted Vocational Training .......................................................................................................... 78! 7.! Additional Assistance ............................................................................................................................... 79! 7.1! Land Registration ............................................................................................................................ 79! 7.2! Cooperative registration .................................................................................................................. 79! 7.3! Driving licenses and medical tests. ................................................................................................. 79! 7.4! Timber supply .................................................................................................................................. 80! 2 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 8.! Recommendations and way forward ....................................................................................................... 81! 8.1! Project Preparation ......................................................................................................................... 82! 8.2! Training of Trainers ......................................................................................................................... 84! 8.3! State-level training .......................................................................................................................... 85! 8.4! Logistics .......................................................................................................................................... 86! 8.5! Additional Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 87! Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................... 89! Appendix 1: Phase 2 Workplan ................................................................................................................... 89! Appendix 2: Lessons Learned ..................................................................................................................... 90! Appendix 3: TOT Feedback Forms ............................................................................................................. 97! Appendix 4: XC Personal Form ................................................................................................................... 99! Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 1. Introduction Through the livelihoods support component of the South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project all 290 ex-combatants participating had the opportunity to benefit from reintegration support. In addition, community members joining the ex-combatants in cooperative work were also eligible to receive training. The training sessions included (i) follow-up training in business skills/financial literacy/business motivation and (ii) training in agricultural business/agronomy practices. In sum, all ex-combatants at the Mapel Transitional Facility attended entrepreneurship, cooperatives and financial literacy trainings held for 10 days on site. This was followed by in- state follow-up trainings where in Phase 1 a total of 537 people benefited including 253 ex- combatants and 284 community members and in Phase 2 a total of 399 people benefited directly including 270 ex-combatants and 129 community members. All ex- combatants were offered a livelihood start-up kit which was collected by 288 of the 290 participants. The following report details the process, achievements and lessons learned from this component. 1.1 Country profile Being the world’s youngest nation, South Sudan currently faces a long list of development challenges typical for many countries of the developing world. These are occasionally redoubled by outbreaks of violence and political instability. However, the country possesses vast natural resources, which are mostly untouched until today. With about 70% of the population being younger than 30 years old, South Sudan has sufficient human potential to make the best use of those resources. In fact, human potential is the very resource that is in need of immediate attention, as it will be needed by the country when investing into the developing sectors of the rising economy. The underdevelopment of South Sudanese human potential becomes obvious when analyzing South Sudan’s macroeconomic indicators: • 98% of GDP originates from oil; • Up to 30% of GDP is from international development aid ; • 85% of the population engaged in non-wage work; • Domination of imported goods on the local market. 4 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component It is of highest importance for South Sudan to continue developing its production industry and to move away from almost complete dependence on imported goods and oil revenues as these are two factors that severely damage the country’s economic security. 1.2 South Sudan DDR Program Following decades of conflict and finally a peaceful referendum in 2011, South Sudan found itself in great need of demobilizing a major part of the army in an attempt to make the army smaller in numbers, while also significantly more professional. To achieve that goal, the government estimated that some 190,000 members of the national organized forces need to be demobilized and “reintegrated” into communities. The government of South Sudan treats every soldier as a liberator and a national hero, but realizes that a peaceful independent country, which South Sudan is gradually transforming into, cannot have an army this size. At the same time, the country needs to jump-start all the major industries and that is where the former soldiers have a great chance of succeeding. Demobilization and reintegration of the former soldiers (ex-combatants) has been made a priority task of the National DDR Commission of South Sudan. 1.3 Project Background UNICON Limited was contracted to conduct Livelihood Support activities (component three) of the South Sudan National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) Pilot Reintegration Project. The Livelihood Support activities, for this Pilot project, are targeting a group of 290 ex-combatants in the Greater Bahr el Ghazal region (including the states of Lakes, Warrap, Western Bahr el-Ghazal and Northern Bahr el-Ghazal). The Pilot Reintegration Project livelihood component has been divided into 2 phases in order to facilitate gradual return of the ex-combatants into the community, and to allow for programmatic learnings in the process of ensuring their successful reintegration. Phase I was designed to provide the ex-combatants with the initial training as well as the start-up kit and includes the following sub-components: • Mapel-based Entrepreneurship, Cooperatives & Financial Literacy intensive training; • Livelihood start-up kits; • State-based Entrepreneurship, Financial Literacy & Association and Cooperatives initial follow-up trainings: o Through cooperatives/associations; o Through partnerships/individual training; o Monitoring and evaluation; o Reporting. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Phase II builds on the achievements of Phase I to further train the ex-combatants in the chosen area of interest. In addition, supplementary training is being provided in cooperative business operation and financial management. Following are the sub-components of Phase II: • Entrepreneurship, Financial Literacy & Association and Cooperatives Training: o Training and mentoring of NDDRC outreach staff in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and association/cooperatives; o State-Based Follow-Up Training; • Technical Skills Extension o Coordination of Agricultural Extension in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers; o Training of Ministry of Agriculture extension workers in best practices and appropriate farming techniques for the ex-combatants of Greater Bahr el- Ghazal choosing agriculture; o Facilitation of Targeted Vocational Trainings being provided to XCs via vocational training centers; o Implementation of an Expert visit program for interested XCs in vocational skills not covered through the targeted vocational trainings or agriculture; • Assistance in accessing available government services • Monitoring and evaluation; • Reporting. The above sub-components will be performed in accordance with the Work Plan, proposed as part of the Project Implementation Plan, in close cooperation with TDRP, NDDRC HQ PMU, Ministry of Agriculture and NDDRC state offices. Work Plan is available as Appendix 1 to this report. While participation of the ex-combatants in the training is voluntary, it is anticipated that the major part of the pilot group of 290 ex-combatants will express interest in receiving additional business, vocational and/or agricultural training. UNICON team for Phase II of the Project consists of the following specialists: Rustam Davletkhanov: International Project Director Sergey Burnaev: International Project Manager Gautam Raj Jain: International Business Trainings Specialist Beth Oliver: International Agricultural Training Specialist Angelous Odego: National Agricultural Training Specialist Adire Simon Deng: National Lakes State Manager Deng James Manyok National NBeG State Manager Khor Gatwech Chan National WBeG State Manager Christine Asienzo National Warrap State Manager 6 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 2. Phase I Overview Implementation of Phase I of the Pilot Reintegration Project took place August-November 2013 and is widely considered to be successful as all the major goals have been achieved and numerous lessons learned have been noted for making further improvements of the program in the future. Among other things, the program has received positive publicity with the population of the country, which is a significant part of the reintegration process. Additionally, the other ex-combatants became aware of the existence of the Program and success with which it was implemented. Given the fact that the Project is a pilot, it was expected that all sides would benefit from learning during the implementation. NDDRC as an organization showed great potential for improvement and willingness to develop its potential through accumulating project-related experience and knowledge both in the headquarters in Juba and in the state offices. 2.1 Pre-training of ex-combatants Initial training of the 290 ex-combatants was performed in Mapel DDR Training Facility – a specialized training camp built by UNMISS and the local government, which is located in the state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal. The 290 ex-combatants were trained by UNESCO-hired and trained local specialists in one of the pre-set 8 vocational areas of their choice: agriculture, auto-mechanics, carpentry, plumbing, electrical services, masonry, welding or animal husbandry. Based on the type of vocational training received by the ex-combatant, a corresponding start-up kit was placed in the procurement plan to be delivered to the ex-combatant’s state of return for collection by the ex-combatant 2.2 Training of Trainers UNICON hired and trained ten trainers to conduct entrepreneurship, financial literacy and cooperative/associations trainings in Mapel and then sent eight state trainers and four state managers to run the Phase 1 follow-up training sessions for the ex-combatants in their communities of returns. An international training expert developed the Training of Trainers (TOT) curriculum as well as the field training manual and training materials to be used by the trainers during the business/cooperative training for the ex-combatants. The training of trainers took place in Mapel training facility over 2 weeks in August 2013 during the time when the ex-combatants were receiving their initial vocational training. This allowed the trainers to get introduced to many of their future students and receive basic information on them, including literacy level, approximate location, possible grouping preferences, etc. and incorporate these ground realities into the training material. The field training method involves a comprehensive development approach, which covers aspects involving motivational and behavioral qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives as well as key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training ensures that the Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component participants take key decisions during training pertaining to the areas such as selecting a business idea, identify key resources required to be in business, locations of the business and other partners. The Mapel-based Entrepreneurship, Financial Literacy & Association and Cooperatives Training was then offered to all ex-combatants in the last 2 weeks of their time at the Mapel Transitional Facility as an intensive training to be supplemented by additional state based follow-up trainings over the course of the reintegration period. This design forms a natural continuity between the trainings received in the camp and that received in their communities. 2.3 Mapel Intensive and State-Based Follow-up Training Field training was performed by UNICON trainers and state managers in close cooperation with NDDRC state teams including ICRS caseworkers. In some cases, NDDRC state offices were used as training venues, provided by the Commission as a courtesy. The training manual included 15 modules that were used as needed based on the needs evaluation done by the training team. The modules are: Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: Expectation and Commitment Module 2: Financial Literacy Module 3: Business and Market Module 4: Key activities of a Business, Cooperatives Financial aspects of Business Module 5: Selecting a Business and Cooperatives Format Module 6: Steps in Starting a Business Module 7: Business Skills Development in Cooperatives Module 8: Behavioral Skills in entrepreneurship and Cooperatives Module 9: Team Building and Management of Cooperatives Module 10: Business Plan for setting up Cooperatives Module 11: Enterprise Management: Sales and Marketing Module 12: Enterprise Management: Purchasing Module 13: Enterprise Management: Work Place Management Module 14: Enterprise Management: Book-keeping Module 15: Concluding and action Plan for setting up Cooperatives 8 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The field training, in order to increase its effectiveness, used several well-known learning methods that proved to be successful in the region, such as (i) simulations and role-play, (ii) learning by doing, (iii) visuals and illustration, (iv) hands-on experience via interaction with existing businessmen, (v) individual counseling and (vi) practice sessions. In addition to the ex-combatants, the above training also targeted the interested community members, thus creating extra publicity and additionally developing the country’s potential in the fields of small business and private entrepreneurship. During phase 1 a total of 284 community members received the business/cooperative training in addition to 253 ex-combatants. 2.4 Livelihood Start-up Kits Livelihood Start-Up Kits constituted a critical sub- component of the Livelihoods Support work conducted in the Pilot Reintegration project. The procurement and delivery of start- up kits was designed to enhance the efforts of ex-combatants to engage in productive and gainful employment; be it as a private venture, partnership or cooperative arrangements. There were six key steps in the task of start-up kit distribution: 1. Preparation o Agreement on design of start-up kits o Formation of start-up kits components list 2. Procurement o Search for potential suppliers o Design of Request for Quotation (RFQ) o Invitation of potential bidders and bids submission Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component o Evaluation of bids o Selection of suppliers 3. Logistics o Delivery of goods to Juba by suppliers o Warehousing in Juba o Confirmation and Bundling of Contents of Kits o Transportation from Juba to States o Storage in States 4. Distribution Support o Orientation Visits o Start-up kits Distribution Visits o Communications – XCs and Media 5. Distribution of Start-Up Kits 6. Collection of Lessons Learned and Documentation The following summarizes the vocational tracks chosen for which start-up kits were procured. XC Livelihood Paths FIELD QUANTITY Agricultural 129 Auto mechanical/ Driving 69 Carpentry 24 Electrical 19 Masonry 6 Plumbing 9 Welding 11 Animal husbandry 23 TOTAL 290 The start-up kit composition for all the eight vocational tracks was agreed upon by UNICON, TDRP and NDDRC. In addition to that, advice was obtained from the Ministry of Labor’s MTC (Multi- service Training Center) Juba headquarters to make sure that the tools included in the kits are the best fit for the local conditions and the UNESCO trainers were consulted to ensure the tools are in line with that used in the trainings conducted. NZOU Group – a South Sudanese company – procured the start-up kits from Kenya and Uganda to the distribution warehouse in Juba. The start-up kits were then divided into separate shipments for the 4 states and dispatched, using services of Trojan Enterprises – a local transportation company. Despite uncertainty of the road conditions, NDDRC, TDRP and UNICON were able to coordinate effectively and ensure that most ex-combatants at each state were able to collect their start-up kits 10 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component immediately upon the arrival of the truck. The distribution process was monitored by representatives of NDDRC HQ, TDRP and UNICON in all states, making sure that the process goes smoothly and in accordance with the plan that was previously drafted based on collective vision. 199 ex-combatants received their kits during the 2 day distribution event in each state, with 239 out of 290 ex-combatants collecting their start-up kits by the end of phase 1. The remaining ex- combatants were informed that they could collect their start-up kits at any time in the NDDRC state office and by the close of Phase 2 the NDDRC reported that 288 of 290 ex-combatants have collected their start-up kits. This work was substantial and detailed and as such has been separated from this report into a standalone report: Livelihoods Start-Up Kits Summary & Reflection. Please refer to that report for the full detail on this topic. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 3. Phase II Objectives In summary, the Livelihoods Support sub-components of the full program were agreed to include: • Entrepreneurship, cooperatives and financial literacy trainings (Phase I & II) • Livelihood start-up kits (Phase I) • Technical skills extension: (Phase II) o Agricultural extension visits o Vocational expert visits o Targeted supplementary vocational training • Leveraging available government services through ICRS referral and follow up (Phase II) In Phase II of the NDDRC Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan every one of the pilot group of 290 ex-combatants were to have a chance to receive additional training both in business/cooperative operation and in the area of their Mapel vocational training. The interested ex-combatants were to receive a follow-up visit by the business/cooperative training teams that would consist of a state manager and ICRS caseworkers who would,, after a proper Training of Trainers by an international specialist, provide business/cooperative trainings. Given that the largest group (129 people) of ex-combatants chose agriculture as their main field of interest, the decision was made that they would have a chance to receive additional agricultural business training. For that purpose, an international agricultural expert and a local agricultural expert were contracted to conduct a Training of Trainers for the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers who would then perform the training sessions for the 129 ex-combatants. Through the end of the Project, the non-agricultural ex-combatants would, via NDDRC local offices, have an opportunity to receive additional training in their field either through targeted vocational trainings for those under served in Mapel or by means of a personal visit by a local practicing expert who has a business/operation in the area of the ex-combatant’s reintegration. The Commission was to make efforts to locate government-financed institutes that would provide such training free of charge. As a result of the Phase II activities, the ex-combatants were to have gained additional confidence and a clearer vision of their future as valued community members. They would have acquired necessary skills in how to (i) choose a business/cooperative area to start, (ii) operate the chosen business or work with others to operate the cooperative and (iii) make sure not to lose their business or cooperative. In addition, this DDR program was designed to give the ex-combatants an opportunity for a faster reintegration as it encourages the community member participation both in the field trainings and in the business cooperatives registered by the ex-combatants. 12 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component A total of 399 people benefited directly from training as a part of the Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project. This includes 270 ex-combatants and 129 community members. The training sessions included (i) follow-up training in business skills/financial literacy/business motivation and (ii) training in agricultural business/agronomy practices. The following section details the work required in each of the steps required in Phase II: 1) Project Preparation a. Mid-Term Assessment of Programming b. TOT preparation c. Training of Trainers: Entrepreneurship, cooperatives and financial literacy d. Training of Trainers: Agriculture 2) State-based training entrepreneurship, cooperatives and financial literacy 3) Technical Skills Extension a. State-based Agricultural Extension Visits b. Vocational Expert Visits c. Targeted Vocational Training 4) Additional support for XCs through line ministry programming Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4. Project Preparation 4.1 Mid-Term Assessment of Programming & Resumption of Activities The initial design of the project included a mid-term review at the close of Phase I and allowed flexibility for programming adjustments responding to the learnings. At the close of Phase I this assessment was conducted and the NDDRC Pilot Reintegration Project Steering Committee & PMU provided leadership guidance on Phase II activities. Having analyzed the outcomes of Phase I of the Pilot Reintegration Project, the Consultant, together with NDDRC and TDRP, agreed that the Phase II activities would allow for: • Opportunity given to all the 290 ex-combatants to receive additional (follow-up) training in entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy; • Government employees used as state-level trainers for the purpose of further capacity building; • Further involvement of other ministries in the ex-combatant reintegration process, particularly including the ministry of agriculture. • Opportunity given to the ex-combatants that did not complete vocational training in Mapel to attend targeted vocational trainings. The start of the Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot Reintegration Project was originally planned for the middle of January 2014, but was postponed due to instability in the country at that time. The consultant’s ability to launch Phase II was dependent on both the international institutions and international consultants being able to return to South Sudan and resume normal operations. Regular contact was maintained among all parties (NDDRC, TDRP and UNICON) in order to ensure that the Phase II launched at the first opportunity. It was determined in April 2014 that in early May 2014 the international institutions and consultants would be allowed to resume their work in South Sudan. The consultant completed a Phase II Project Implementation Plan which reflected the adjusted activities and schedule. Due to the uncertainty, extra efforts had to be made by the Consultant in order meet the updated deadlines. This included expedited hiring of international experts, rushed visa support procedures by NDDRC and, ultimately, launch of the Phase II as soon as 5 May 2014, when the first international expert arrived in the country and started the preparatory work. 14 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.2 TOT Preparation and Logistics Considering the above criteria as well as the fact that 129 out of 290 ex-combatants (44.5%) chose to continue their professional development in the field of agriculture, the following two types of training were planned for implementation within Phase II of the Project that would require Training of Trainers to be conducted before launching the state-level training: • Follow-up entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy training; • Agricultural training for the ex-combatants who chose the agricultural track in PhaseI. Similar to Phase I, a Training of Trainers (TOT) was the first step in Phase II. The TOT was designed not only to serve the purposes of the ongoing Project, but also to build the capacity within the National DDR Commission of South Sudan as well as the Ministry of Agriculture of South Sudan. Along with the knowledge transferred to the locally hired UNICON state managers, the TOT has become a capacity-building tool that will ultimately influence South Sudan in a number of ways outside of the Project’s direct needs. The preparation for the TOT started well before the May mobilization, as the international experts needed to prepare the training plan, training materials as well as training curriculum to be used during the TOT. Despite the severe time constraint, all the preparation by the international experts was completed by the pre-agreed schedule, which allowed the TOTs to start on the dates that would ensure sufficient time for the state level training to be conducted in full. 4.2.1 Mobilization Mobilizing the resources as soon as possible was critical for all parties and the Project deadlines were shifted as little as possible in light of the crisis with the new deadline for the Pilot Reintegration Project Phase II implementation stage to be completed by July 31, 2014. All the international experts involved in Phase II activities were notified that their services were needed urgently, necessary travel arrangements were made and the first international expert (entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy trainer) arrived in the country as soon as 5 May 2014. Significant amount of work had to be completed before the international experts’ arrival to Juba. The international trainers were requested to provide their vision of their respective TOTs and submit draft versions of the curriculum in order for the Project Manager to use in his preparation of the Project timeline as well as finalization of the field arrangements. NDDRC was actively involved in the ex-combatant training needs collection as well as finalizing the lists of TOT participants for both the business & cooperative and agricultural Training of Trainers. Additionally, NDDRC provided the Consultant with a great amount of support in arranging (i) training venue, (ii) catering for the training participants and (iii) participants’ transportation both from their home towns to Juba and within Juba. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The four state managers hired by UNICON for guiding the state-level activities provided support to the NDDRC, Project Manager and the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy international trainer during the TOT preparation days by assisting in purchasing necessary materials, coordinating with guest speakers, advising on TOT structure improvement etc. Strong working relationships built during Phase I helped the NDDRC and the Consultant effectively cooperate both before and upon field mobilization of the international experts. The team was able to join forces and ensure the timely start of the Phase II of the Pilot Reintegration Project. 4.2.2 Venue and Catering For the training venue, the Consultant had to address several challenges faced during the TOT and ex-combatants’ training in Mapel Training Facility, which were described in the Phase I Final Report. A few highlights include: Mapel Transition Facility had several limitations in terms of classrooms, learning aids, and accommodation was not suitable for preparatory work at nights for each day’s session. Further, trainers, on a few occasions, were deprived of water and food and living conditions were not hygienic. As a result, a few trainers fell sick during the TOT as well as during the training session to ex-combatants. Numerous challenges were faced by the Consultant during the Phase I TOT. Additionally, many unexpected events took place during training session as some contracts for goods and services (water and cooking) were about to be completed within a few day time. Finally, training classrooms had limited facilities in terms of teaching aids like LCD projectors, computers, white or black boards, and table and chairs Considering the above, the following conditions had to be met by the Phase II venue in order to host the TOT: o Accommodation of 20 participants max. in single self-contained rooms; o Air conditioned training room for 20 participants with desks, chairs, projector, flipchart holders and separate latrines for men and women; o Preparedness to cater the following for the training group on a daily basis, including Sundays: o 2 tea/coffee breaks with snacks; o 1 lunch buffet. 16 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Thanks to the significant preliminary research done by the NDDRC, the Consultant, upon studying the price quotes received, hired the “YES Juba” Hotel, located in Juba’s Tongpin area, for conducting the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers. In addition to meeting all the prerequisites listed above, part of “YES Juba” Hotel’s proposal was USD 0.00 charge for the rent of the training venue, equipment and airport transfer, given that participants’ accommodation was made through the hotel. With a few comments, which will be covered as part of the lessons learned, the training venue and catering was handled in professional manner and in accordance with all the agreements. The management and staff of the “YES Juba” Hotel was at all times ready to react to the changes and additions of the TOT programs, guest stay times and catering needs. 4.2.3 Transportation of participants Transportation is usually the second major concern of the people participating in training events in South Sudan. The expectation is that their transportation need will be either arranged for or reimbursed (latter preferred for money saving purpose). This is true even if one needs to travel within his or her hometown. With great help of NDDRC, the Consultant arranged for the participants transportation both locally and between the states. Interstate transportation The participants based outside of Juba took UN flights to join the training. The state DDR commissions assisted the participants is processing the flight requests with the UN’s appropriate department. Unfortunately, due to the existing system of reservation and prioritization, several participants were not able to get on the airplanes even though all the necessary processing was done on time and in accordance with the rules. The Consultant was able to bring several participants using commercial flights, but some people who were supposed to attend the training had to stay in their states. Recommendations on addressing this matter are provided further in this report. In-Juba transportation In-Juba transportation was handled by different parties depending on the nature of the transportation needs: Airport pick-ups and drop-offs were handled by the “YES Juba” hotel at no additional charge; Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component State manager, being on direct contracts with the Consultant, were to arrange their own transportation; NDDRC allocated 2 vehicles to bring the HQ-based ICRS caseworkers to the training location and take them back home; Market visits during the TOTs were supported by NDDRC vehicles and the Consultant reimbursing the costs of hired transport. 4.2.4 Challenges and Lessons Learned While the preparation and organization of the TOTs was successful and despite having addressed some of the Phase I challenges outlined in the Phase I Final Report, the Consultant faced numerous challenges, which can be avoided in the future DDR activities. In addition, the lessons learned for the entire Phase II have been combined in a separate Appendix 2 to the report: Training of Trainers: Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy This Appendix provides greater detail on the challenges, as well as possible solutions, but the following can be considered the major lessons learned for the TOT preparation stage: • Insufficient preparation time. Given the time constraint, the international training experts only had 10 days (entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy) and 3 days (agriculture) to prepare the Training of Trainers, which included material modification, print/training material production, stationery purchase, instructing assistants etc.; • Differences in accommodation. While out-of-Juba participants all stayed at the same hotel, which provided the training facility, many people had to travel on a daily basis, which can be a challenge in South Sudan, especially during the rainy season; • Venue location. While the hotel used for accommodation and training provided excellent service, it’s location was difficult to reach on the days it rained; • Accommodation type. Despite catered lunch, tea breaks and allowances, the participants’ expectation is to have breakfast included in their accommodation; • The list of TOT materials should be discussed before going to the field in order to avoid confusion that results from purchasing them in a rush; • Catering. The number of participants kept fluctuating. This interconnects with the need to better plan the number and nature of participants; • Number of participants. Careful planning required for the out-of-Juba participants as the venue charges for the no-shows’ pre0booked accommodation and catering; 18 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • UNMISS flights. Relying on UNMISS flights to bring the participants from their base states to Juba is questionable, as the seats are not guaranteed until the plane takes off. Alternative methods of transportation might need to be considered. • International experts’ accommodation should be in the same hotel and preferable close to NDDRC and the training venue. 4.3 Training of Trainers: Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers was the first of the two TOT programs arranged in Phase II of the DDR Pilot Reintegration Project. This sub-component was somewhat redesigned compared to that of the Phase I in order to provide direct capacity building to the National DDR Commission. The majority of the TOT participants were ICRS caseworkers (NDDRC staff), who during this pilot learned new skills to additionally serve as trainers during the state-level training sessions. For the purpose of experience transfer, the Consultant hired four state training managers from among the 12 UNICON hired staff and trainers who delivered state-level training in Phase I. Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy training of the ex-combatants, along with the livelihood start-up kits, are the Project’s major deliverable and in fact the one that is expected to have the strongest effect on both the DDR Program participants’ capacity in their reintegration into the community and the country’s capacity in the gradual development as the world’s youngest nation. The purpose of the Training of Trainers is to prepare local specialists capable of delivering knowledge to the ex-combatants both in this Pilot and in the further stages of the South Sudan DDR Program. As identified during Phase I, when it comes to starting their own small business, the ex-combatants’ major training needs, among others, are the following: • Financial literacy; • Market knowledge; • Business type and format selection; • Organizational matters of starting a business/bureaucracy; • Sales and marketing; • Business plan; • Bookkeeping; • Resource management. The structure of this TOT changed somewhat compared to Phase I, specifically in terms of participants, which is discussed in sections below. This however, did not change the core rationale of the training, which includes (i) supporting the ex-combatants in their reintegration by encouraging them to evolve as entrepreneurs/businesspeople and (ii) providing necessary training to assist them in achieving their goals. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers took place in Juba on 16-26 May 2014 and was conducted by Dr. Gautam Raj Jain, an international expert with extensive experience in business training in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Dr. Jain is also the trainer who conducted the TOT during the Phase I of this Pilot DDR Project. The 10-day Training of Trainers succeeded in delivering the proper knowledge and training attitude to the group of participants. The combination of various training methods, market visits and guest speakers, along with favorable training conditions, resulted in the TOT becoming a major success both in terms of knowledge transfer and participant satisfaction. The state-level training activities, described in detail further in this report proved that the approach of training the NDDRC staff to then become the trainers for the ex-combatants was a good one, because it contributed to (i) building additional trust between the ex-combatants and the National DDR Commission, (ii) developing the training capacity within the NDDRC, which can be used is the Commission-initiated and lead activities whenever necessary, and (iii) the training team members, being from different entities (NDDRC, UNICON and Ministry of Agriculture), stimulating each other to provide better services, ensuring his/her entity’s best possible image within the Project. While seeing TOT results as a success, the Consultant did face challenges of different natures, which are described in the corresponding sections of this report and which can be properly addressed in the future DDR activities in South Sudan. 4.3.1 Participants In order to ensure that the knowledge delivered during the business/cooperatives TOT benefits the South Sudan DDR Program to the maximum possible extent, the participants of the TOT (and, therefore, the state trainers) were picked from among ICRS caseworkers who are NDDRC staff. Unlike separately recruited trainers who performed the state-level training in Phase I, ICRS caseworkers have an opportunity to keep the knowledge within NDDRC for future training of the ex-combatants. Additionally, the ICRS caseworkers’ job includes knowing the ex-combatants’ problems and achievements, as well as assisting them in their reintegration, which was a valuable addition to both the TOT and the trainings themselves. The National DDR Commission recommended that the ICRS caseworkers who would participate in the TOT and then conduct the state-level training be appointed not only from the four pilot states of the Greater Bahr el-Ghazal area, but also from other NDDRC offices within the country. This would facilitate a wide spread of knowledge inside the Commission structure. As a result, the following ICRS caseworkers were delegated by the NDDRC to take part in the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers: 20 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component No. Name “Home” base 1 John Chol Atem NDDRC Juba HQ 2 Abel Likambu Western Equatoria 3 Isaac Mabor Arok NDDRC Juba HQ 4 John Alier Atem Western Bahr el-Ghazal 5 Imbegas Habib Jasper Eastern Equatoria 6 Angok Angok Deng NDDRC Juba HQ 7 John Lasu Bethwel NDDRC Juba HQ 8 Deng Dennis Thiik Warrap 9 John Chol Maker Lakes 10 Simon Achuil Athian NDDRC Juba HQ 11 Rev. Compeo Wani NDDRC Juba HQ 12 Chawuoch Nhial Alit Lakes 13 John Mabor Makuei NDDRC Juba HQ 14 Francis Makol Mou Northern Bahr el-Ghazal 15 Alek John Nyang NDDRC Juba HQ 16 Garang Kuol Lual Northern Bahr el-Ghazal The training of trainers was also joined by the four state managers who were hired by the Consultant from among the Phase I training team based on their performance. The list of the state managers was to be proposed by the Consultant and approved by the NDDRC and TDRP. As agreed by all sides, the following people were offered state manager positions for the Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project: No. Name Email 1 Adire Simon Deng adiersdeng@yahoo.com 2 Christine Asienzo asienzo.christ76@gmail.com 3 Khor Gatwech Chan khorchanboth@gmail.com 4 Deng James Manyok dengjames09@gmail.com The state managers’ role during the TOT was not only to obtain additional knowledge, but also to share their Phase I experience with the group of ICRS caseworkers who were new to this Project. The combination of the state managers’ project specific experience and the ICRS caseworkers’ knowledge of the ex-combatants’ day-to-day needs, interests and challenges became an effective method of preparing the state-level training teams that would be formed at the end of the TOT. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.3.2 Training Process The Phase I follow-up indicated that the ex-combatants were at different levels of progress toward starting up a business. The TOT was expected to help not only in startup process, but also in improving the business performances with better management systems for those who had already started their enterprises. The following were the key training inputs for this Training of Trainers: • Curriculum and training modules design. Learning inputs; • Conceptual and technical learning in entrepreneurship, enterprise management, cooperatives and financial literacy; • Demonstration of key experiential and participatory learning methods; • Planning and managing state-level training and follow-up support services. Structure and methodology A 10-day training for 16 ICRS caseworkers and 4 State Managers was conducted on May 16-26 2014 in Juba. The trainers were provided with a detailed training manual covering the above inputs by the use of 13 training modules. The training manual covered the technical and conceptual inputs relevant to entrepreneurship, financial literacy and cooperatives with exercises applicable to learning among illiterate people. A number of posters were also presented during the TOT. In addition future trainers were also provided with the training manual for use for training ex- combatants and manual for organizing state level follow up and training. The table below presents the training modules and their distribution across the different thrust areas of the training. The training engaged participants from Monday to Saturday from 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM and on Sunday from 1.00 PM to 5.00 PM. A total of 60 sessions were conducted which also included fieldwork. The training began with the opening remarks by the Chairman of NDDRC. A graduation ceremony was conducted on May 26 for the participants to receive their certificates. Advance Business Financial Literacy, and Cooperatives Entrepreneurship Documentation Management/ Development Management Modules Curriculum Training Introduction and Micro lab: 3 1 Expectation and Commitment (1-3) Learning Process and Curriculum 6 2 Design – Illiterate and less (4-8) educated people 6 3 Financial literacy/numeracy (9-15) Entrepreneurship and Business 3 4 Development in Cooperatives (16-18) 22 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Steps in starting a business and 5 5 Cooperatives. (19-23) Business and Behavioral Skills 10 6 Development in Cooperative (24-33) Entrepreneurship Training in Business Plan and 7 7 Financial Transactions in Business (34-40) 8 8 Enterprise Management (41-48) Advance Management Skills and 6 9 Systems (49-54) Training and advisory in Legal 2 10 Aspects: Registration and (55-56) Taxation Planning and Managing Field 2 11 Level Operations (57-58) 1 12 Documentation and Reporting (59) 1 13 Action Plan & Concluding (60) Total (60 hours) 8 32 16 4 The final versions of the curriculum and the handbook are provided with this report. 4.3.3 Conclusion/Post training stage The Training achieved its original learning objectives outlined in the Curriculum Design. All the sessions and modules were conducted as per schedule of the training provided in the manual. The followings are the achievements of the training: 16 ICRS caseworkers and 4 state managers attended the training and expressed their confidence in conducting training modules as per needs of the ex-combatants who were at the different stages of development and offer requisite support for a positive progress toward the establishment and management of enterprises in their respective locations. Trainers were fully prepared with their plans to go to their respective locations for field level work; The Trainers felt empowered to influence the ex-combatants and instil in them a positive attitude toward their resettlement with their communities through setting up cooperatives based business Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component enterprises. They recognize the fact that the training is not just about teaching the basic skills but also to bring about the behavioral changes to the trainees and instil in them enthusiasm and self- confidence toward their plans; The trainers are equipped with the skill in curriculum design starting from the training needs assessment, training goals and inputs, to selection of appropriate training methods. This provides the flexibility to adapt the training modules to the needs of ex-combatants; Trainers can articulate the concepts of entrepreneurship and cooperatives and apply the training process to reinforce trainees through engaging in the process of selecting business opportunities relevant to their vocational skills, help identify the required resources and in the preparation of a business plan. The trainers can also assist ex-combatants in taking key decisions about what business to start, select the name of the business, location and mobilize capital for investment through their partners or members of their cooperatives; The training also helped trainees conduct simulations and games for developing business skills for conducting all the key activities of a business, develop behavioral skills to work effectively in cooperatives, motivate their employees for better work results. The modules on enterprise management helped trainers assist and train the ex-combatants in managing purchases, sales and marketing, production and work place and keeping records of business transaction. They are also equipped with these process and tool useful for illiterate people in managing their enterprises; The trainers are now capable of training ex-combatants in reinforcing the usefulness of the cooperatives for their business and help them apply the process of setting up cooperatives and its management process. The trainers are now equipped to conduct a simulated cooperative business exercise for illustrating the process and challenges in creating and managing a cooperatives; The trainers have been equipped to assist the ex- combatants who have established their enterprises. Trainers can help develop capacity of ex-combatants in developing systems for day-to-day decision-making and improve their business performance. They would be able add additional values to them in book- keeping and employees management; Trainers have been informed of the challenges in the field with the ex-combatants and about the expected outcome of the two months state level follow up training. They have been assisted to prepare state level training and interventions plans with the perspective to execute it in a timely manner. They have been also equipped to documents various 24 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component aspects of the progress in the field and report periodically and systematically; As rightfully emphasized by The Chairperson William Deng Deng during the graduation ceremony, that the caseworkers now possess something that no one will ever be able to take away from them, which is knowledge. 4.3.4 Participant feedback Upon completion of the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers, every participant filled out a satisfaction survey (Appendix 3). The analysis of the results is presented below: • The organizational side has shown significant improvement in comparison with Phase I entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers as this time it was outsourced to professionals; • The training facilitators are again found to be of good quality and high educational value; • The level of participants’ understanding of the materials is very high by all standards, even though somewhat lower than that of Phase I. • In general, the participants’ feedback was positive with a few comments that addressed minor challenges reflected in the section that covers lessons learned. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Average Rating Rating in Items out of 5 Percentage % A Training venue and Refreshments 1 a) Training location 3.85 77.0 2 b) Accommodation 3.71 74.1 3 c) Training hall 4.25 85.0 4 d) Food and refreshments 4.35 87.0 B Training organization and coordination 1 a) Length of training period 3.95 79.0 2 b) Timing of activities 4 80.0 3 c) Coordination of programmes 4.3 86.3 C Training Materials (Hand-outs) 1 a) Clarity of content 4.5 90.0 2 b) Order and organization of contents 4.5 90.0 3 c) Usefulness of materials and information resources 4.6 92.0 D Training Facilitators 1 a) Knowledge in the subject matter 4.45 96 2 b) Preparedness 4.55 96 3 c) Method of facilitation 4.55 94 E Level of Understanding and Confidence in Delivering Modules to Ex-combatants 1 Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab "#$% &'#$ Module 2: Learning Process And Curriculum Design – 2 "#( &"#$ Illiterate and Less Educated People 3 Module 3: Training in Financial Literacy "#" &&#" Module 4: Training in Entrepreneurship and Business 4 "#%% )'#$ Development in Cooperatives Module 5: Training, Advisory and counselling for Steps 5 in starting a business and Cooperatives Learning "#'% &*#$ Goals: Module 6: Business and Behavioural Skills 6 "#"% &)#$ Development in Cooperative Entrepreneurship Module 7: Training in Business Plan and Financial 7 Transaction in Business in different types of "#"( &&#" Businesses 8 Module 8: Basic Enterprise Management "#* &%#$ Module 9: Training and Services in Advance 9 "#( &"#( Management Skills and Systems Module 10: Training and advisory in Legal Aspects: 10 "#' &(#$ Registration and Taxation Module 11: Planning and Managing Field Level 11 "#( &"#$ Operations – mobilisation and capacity building ! ! 12 Module 12: Documentation and Reporting "#"% &)#$ 13 Module 13: Action Plan & Concluding "#*% &+#$ Overall 4.3 85.9 26 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.3.5 Lessons Learned The trainers and trainees both faced a few critical constraints in this business & cooperative Training of Trainers. Given the assessment rating these constraints were managed well. However, some of the constraints could still affect the training outcome and a summary of them is presented below for the future DDR activities organizers: Training preparation had a very little time, which was less than 10 days after the Consultant arrived in Juba. It was almost impossible to prepare a well-designed and well-formatted training manual. There was hardly any time to revise the training modules and edit them before sending it for printing; Given the number of modules and learners’ experience, the training duration was insufficient. 10 days was hardly enough for building the capacity of trainers in delivering the 11 modules; The trainees consisted of a very heterogeneous group: • Some were very slow learners; • Some had stage fear and could not present the training assignment well in front of the class; • A few were very poor at numbers and took a lot of time to understand what was being explained; The trainees were requested to attend the TOT as group and there was no selection process, no competition. Many of them treated the TOT as if it was their usual “going to work” routine. Some did not have the mind-set to prove themselves further for the newer challenges as compared with the first set of trainers in Phase I; State Manager selection was done without the TOT trainer’s involvement. There were two state managers who did not have any prior training experience. The participation of these two state mangers during the training was also very limited. 4.4 Training of Trainers: Agriculture Agricultural training of the ex-combatants introduced in Phase II of the Project dictated the need of the corresponding Training of Trainers, with 44.5% of the ex-combatants choosing agriculture. This is most likely an accurate reflection of what the South Sudan DDR Program will be facing in the future when dealing with significantly larger numbers of ex-combatants and, in order to be able to face the challenge in the future, the country needs capacity built within the government to be able to support the inflow of demobilized citizens willing to become farmers. The agriculture development potential of South Sudan is enormous. According to the African Development Bank reports, the absolute majority of the households in South Sudan are primarily dependent of agriculture and livestock and 75% of the country’s land area is suitable for agriculture. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component At the same time, only 4% of the arable land is cultivated and farming is predominantly of subsistence nature. This creates almost unlimited opportunities for anyone willing and able to develop himself within the field of agriculture. The constraining factors limiting the agriculture development are mainly (i) lack of knowledge and (ii) lack of resources. South Sudan’s agricultural indicators are far below the regional standard, while the natural conditions are in many cases a lot better than those of their neighbors are. The agricultural sub-component was designed to be introduced in Phase II as a result of the aforementioned large percentage of overall ex-combatants that chose the agricultural livelihood path (44%) and a desired alignment of phase 2 with the growing season. Unlike entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy TOT, Agricultural TOT and state-level training did not have Phase I experience to build on, therefore it required additional attention in order to maximize both the (i) teaching (capacity building) and (ii) learning (lessons learned, further recommendations) aspects. Among the 290 ex-combatants who are participating in this Pilot DDR Project, 129 people chose to pursue their peaceful life business career in agriculture. Keeping in mind that (i) most ex- combatants have families, which will increase the program effect, (ii) natural resources are favorable and (iii) lack of knowledge in agricultural business is a known problem, TDRP made agricultural Training of Trainers a part of the Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project in South Sudan. Receiving additional targeted training in agriculture will significantly increase the ex-combatants’ capacity of supporting themselves and their families. After receiving the training in agricultural practices, the ex-combatants will be able to make better use of the start-up kits they received during Phase I as well as consider not only to develop themselves as subsistence farmers, but also look into commercial operations, which is a very important step both for each ex-combatant and the country as a whole. The 7-day Agricultural TOT was conducted immediately after the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy TOT at the same training venue. The main participants of the Agricultural TOT were seven South Sudan Ministry of Agriculture extension workers, who were seconded to the project by the Ministry’s state offices for training the ex-combatants whose vocational field of choice was agriculture. Agricultural Training of Trainers took place on 28 May – 3 June 2014 and was conducted by Mrs. Beth Oliver, an international agricultural expert with previous experience both in South Sudan and in other countries of the region. She was assisted by Mr. Angelous Odego, a local agricultural trainer who was previously involved in providing the initial agricultural training (operated by UNESCO) to the ex-combatants in August 2013 in Mapel Transitional Facility. According to the collective opinion of the Consultant and NDDRC, the Agricultural TOT can be considered successful and the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers were well prepared to deliver the knowledge to the ex-combatants. As expected, numerous challenges and constraints were faced by the Consultant before and during the TOT, which resulted in certain modifications made to the original plan of the agricultural training activities. Both the challenges and the changes are reflected in the corresponding sections of this report. 28 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.4.1 Participants To maximize the capacity building and in keeping with the National DDR Policy to utilize line ministries in reintegration service delivery, NDDRC suggested that the agricultural trainers for the ex-combatants be provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. This idea was received very well by all parties and the Commission proceeded to contact the Ministry. It is the mission of the Ministry of Agriculture “To transform agriculture from traditional subsistence system to achieve food security through scientific, market oriented, competitive and profitable agricultural system without compromising the sustainability of natural resources for future generations”, which aligns perfectly with the goals of the Pilot DDR Project Phase II agricultural TOT and state-level training. The ministry committed to allocate 11 extension workers to participate in the agricultural Training of Trainers and then provide the training to the 129 ex-combatants. This was to include 3 trainers from each Warrap, WBeG and Lakes and 2 trainers from NBeG. Unfortunately, not all the extension workers were able to get on the UNMISS flights from their base towns to Juba. The agricultural Training of Trainers ended up including seven extension workers: No. Name Home base 1 Charles Stephen Ajok NBeG 2 Peter Akol Wol NBeG 3 Chivillo Chier Paduol Warrap 4 Joseph Martin Khamis WBeG 5 Charles Henry Dahia Albino WBeG 6 Patris Charles WBeG 7 Daniel Kong Halbeng Lakes As the agricultural extension workers would be working together with the state managers and the ICRS caseworkers at the state level, the trainees from the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy Training of Trainers were invited to join the Day 1 of the agricultural TOT. 4.4.2 Training Process Among the day-to-day responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers are to (i) train the population in the field of agriculture, (ii) promote the development and adaptation of appropriate agricultural technology and (iii) promote the efficient production and marketing of the agricultural products. Therefore the goals of the extension workers coincide perfectly with the goals of the South Sudan DDR program. Having reviewed the background of the extension workers both using the profile forms filled out by them and by personal communication, the Consultant determined that the extension workers have substantial experience in training people of various level of agricultural knowledge, including Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component experience training farmers from scratch, which is vital for this project. This allowed the Consultant, within the agricultural Training of Trainers, to allocate most of the time to build the capacity of the extension workers in the field of agriculture rather than teach the participants how to teach the ex- combatants. Structure and Methodology The initial plan was to train 11 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers and 16 ICRS caseworkers for 10 days. Due to time and budget constraints, the training was downsized to 7 days, 11 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers with ICRS caseworkers attending the first 1-2 days. The TOT started on 28 May instead of 27 May because most of the participants could not make it to Juba on time due to UNMISS flight unpredictability. Out of 11 participants originally planned, 6 people were able to start the training on 28 May and 1 more person – on 30 May, which means that the training program had to be revised several times. The TOT included daily break for lunch and two tea breaks, provided by the training facility. This ensured that all the participants stayed within the hotel boundaries and minimized the possibility of participants not returning from the breaks. The agricultural Training of Trainers used participatory training method, which is widely used in the counties of the region for many years and in various programs, including other DDR programs. Participatory learning is a creative, problem solving method in which every participant participates actively. The learning process is just as important as the subject being learned is. The participatory method (i) addresses the needs and problems of the participants, (ii) uses participants’ knowledge, experience and skills, (iii) considers every participant a trainer and trainee, (iv) uses practical real life activities so that participants can learn by doing, and (v) takes place in a location that is amenable to the participants. 30 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The following was identified as the agricultural TOT main goals: • To design and develop training curricula based on the needs of ex-combatants and community members – usage of more picture examples to illustrate most everything, plus forming small groups that teach its members farming literacy and numeracy by using the “Hands On” material given to all trainees; • To produce a handbook that is a guide for trainers who are supporting small scale agricultural development for ex-combatants and community members; • To conduct training sessions that will address the needs and problems of the participants; • Use participants’ knowledge, experience and skills; • Consider every participant trainee and trainer; • Use practical real life activities so participants can learn by doing; • Stimulate creative ideas; • Encourage everyone to contribute; • Keep current with new ideas and developments, which can be delivered in the field. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 31 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The modules covered during the agricultural TOT are as follows: Module Description Mutual introductions; Background information collection; Introduction Participants’ expectations; Discussion of the upcoming program. “Hands On” material distributed to the group; Work in small groups, demonstrations, Numeracy and Literacy experience sharing; Country’s language variety; Assessment of the participants’ literacy/numeracy level. Is the business needed in the area? Can I produce good quality seed? Am I the right person to run a seed Why establish a seed business? business successfully? What do I need to invest to make the seed business successful? Should I start a seed business? Preparing a Business Plan; Preparing a Sales and Costs Plan; Business Planning Preparing a cash flow plan; Calculating net worth. Land Preparation – The steps needed to prepare land for planting; Planting (seeds, seedlings); Agronomic Practices – Activities farmers do in the field to get good crop yield; Basic Farm Tools – Identifying the basic tools needed for the beginning farmer, regardless of crop; Agricultural Topics New crops to consider – cereals, oilseeds, sugar, fruits and vegetables, flowers, coffee and tea; Implementing the use of demonstration farms to illustrate successful farming practice. Identifying successful farmers, the crops they choose and methods they use to act as role models for new ex- combatant farmers. What is a cooperative? The Marketing Services of the Cooperatives. How They Work? Agricultural Cooperatives The Supply Services of the Cooperative. How They Work? Product Collection of the Cooperative. 32 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Modifications Both the curriculum and the handbook needed to be modified to address the following findings of the TOT: • The participants’ literacy and numeracy level turned out to be below the Consultant’s expectation and the training process had to become more visual; • Some of the entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy practices training will need to be replaced by teaching the general agronomy practices; • Both literacy/numeracy and agronomy lessons need to be held at the beginning of the Training of Trainers as they are important for understanding the business development side of the agricultural business. 4.4.3 Conclusions/Post-training stage With some slight adjustments, the agricultural Training of Trainers program has a very promising future. Considering South Sudan’s abundant agricultural resources, the development path of this economy is not only in oil & gas, but also in the agricultural business. The extension workers’ level of knowledge has room for improvement, but, using the knowledge they possess and the knowledge newly acquired during the Training of Trainers, the extension workers were able to deliver quality training to the ex-combatants, whose knowledge in agricultural practices is limited to the “genetic” knowledge within the family as they have spent a lot of time away from home in difficult conditions and without an opportunity to exercise the agricultural knowledge they might have. The materials provided to the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers cover a wide range of topics. While the initial plan was to concentrate of the agriculture as a business, based on the observations made during the Training of Trainers, the Consultant decided to provide the extension workers with the following materials that can be used not only in training the ex-combatants, but also in the extension workers’ regular job, as they face similar challenges there: • An extract from “Hands On” English literacy and numeracy handbook; • Agronomy Basics training manual; • Manual on agricultural business as a cooperative; • Manual on agricultural (seed) business for an individual farmer. The Consultant spent additional time after the end of the Training of Trainers to make modifications to the materials in order to make them better fit to the current situation in South Sudan’s agricultural sector. The final versions of the curriculum and the handbook are provided with this report. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 33 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.4.4 Participant Feedback The table below provides the analysis of the feedback forms filled out by the 7 participants of the agricultural Training of Trainers. While the sample size does not allow the Consultant to make definitive conclusions, some information can be gathered from the results: • Training length was considered insufficient by the participants. This outcome could be foreseen as the training duration had to be reduced from 10 days to 7 days. In addition, the training had several disruptions from the core training part, such as (i) multiple introductions, and (ii) postponing modules while waiting for the remaining participants; • Understanding of the exact work plan was not completely reached. This is in part because the extension workers were briefed on their work plan, while the full instructions were to be given by the state managers upon arrival to their assigned state; • Understanding of the core material was adequate, but can be significantly improved with more preparation time and using the information gathered by the Consultant during the Training of Trainers. 34 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Average Rating Rating in Items out of 5 Percentage % A Training venue and Refreshments 1 a) Training location 3.86 77.1 2 b) Accommodation 3.57 71.4 3 c) Training hall 4.14 82.9 4 d) Food and refreshments 3.29 65.7 B Training organization and coordination 1 a) Length of training period 2.86 57.1 2 b) Timing of activities 3.71 74.3 3 c) Coordination of programmes 3.57 71.4 C Training Materials (Hand-outs) 1 a) Clarity of content 3.71 74.3 2 b) Order and organization of contents 3.57 71.4 3 c) Usefulness of materials and information resources 3.57 71.4 D Training Facilitators 1 a) Knowledge in the subject matter 4.14 82.9 2 b) Preparedness 3.71 74.3 3 c) Method of facilitation 3.86 77.1 E Level of Understanding and Confidence in Delivering Modules to Ex-combatants 1 Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab 3.71 74.3 Module 2: Learning Process And Curriculum Design – 2 3.86 77.1 Illiterate and Less Educated People 3 Module 3: Training in Financial Literacy 3.86 77.1 Module 4: Training in Entrepreneurship and Business 4 4.29 85.7 Development in Cooperatives Module 5: Training, Advisory and counselling for Steps 5 in starting a business and Cooperatives Learning 4.14 82.9 Goals: Module 6: Business and Behavioural Skills 6 3.86 77.1 Development in Cooperative Entrepreneurship Module 7: Training in Business Plan and Financial 7 Transaction in Business in different types of 4.29 85.7 Businesses 8 Module 8: Basic Enterprise Management 3.86 77.1 Module 9: Training and Services in Advance 9 3.57 71.4 Management Skills and Systems Module 10: Training and advisory in Legal Aspects: 10 3.14 62.9 Registration and Taxation Module 11: Planning and Managing Field Level 11 3.00 60.0 Operations – mobilisation and capacity building Overall *#+' +"#* Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 35 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 4.4.6 Lessons Learned As partially covered above, the agricultural Training of Trainers faced several challenges: 4 Participants did not arrive because they did not make it on the UNMISS flights. The prioritization system of the UNMISS flight make it possible for a person not to get on a flight even though all the paperwork has been submitted properly and on time; Juba Arabic and Dinka are not the only languages spoken in some regions. This was not a challenge in terms of TOT success, but needs to be taken into account when the DDR program is extended to other parts of the country; The extension workers’ literacy and numeracy level is fairly low. This is especially true for numeracy, as adding and multiplication become a real challenge when it comes to agricultural terms like area, resources, etc.; The agronomy knowledge among the participant group is inconsistent. While some people showed adequate knowledge of agronomy, others needed explanations for issues that are considered very basic in agriculture; Inadequate training length was a challenge. Additionally needs assessment time should be incorporated in future iterations of this work. A 10-day TOT following about a week of preparation time would be sufficient for this type of training. Unfortunately, it was difficult to reach all the goals within the time allocated for this TOT; No follow-up opportunity for the international trainer. It would be beneficial for all the interested parties (NDDRC, Ministry of Agriculture, TDRP and UNICON) to involve the international trainer in the oversight of a sample of the actual field training sessions. 36 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5. State-based follow-up trainings The entire Phase II training program, had the goals of (i) following-up with the ex-combatants on the training they received in Phase I as well as on their current reintegration status, (ii) delivering additional knowledge to the ex-combatants who feel that they have such need, (iii) making sure that the start-up kits are used in the right manner, and (iv) collecting any information that may be useful in designing the potential large-scale South Sudan DDR Program that will cover a much larger group of ex-combatants. While some of the training components were newly introduced in the Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project, the component of financial literacy/entrepreneurship training is still the core part of the DDR program. It is designed to not only train the ex-combatants in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, but also to motivate them to reintegrate into the community by participating in social life and cooperating with their fellow community members in building the business capable of supporting their families. The business/cooperative training was delivered to 270 ex-combatants in the four states, which represents 93% of the 290 ex-combatants participating in this Pilot DDR Project in South Sudan. The breakdown of the above number by the state is as follows: State Total No. of XCs No. of XCs trained % NBEG 30 301 100% WBEG 92 85 92% Warrap 75 74 99% Lakes 93 81 87% TOTAL 290* 270 93% *NOTE: 5 of the ex-combatants passed away over the course of the pilot, thus of the end-of-project caseload of 285 ex-combatants, 269 were trained (94%). For the ex-combatants who chose agriculture as their field of reintegration, the training team was joined by a Ministry of Agriculture extension worker. All the extension workers have previous experience in training agriculture, supplemented by additional training provided to them as a part of this Phase II of South Sudan Pilot DDR Program. Agricultural training was designed to be provided to the ex-combatants who chose agriculture as their reintegration field. In addition, the agricultural training sessions were open to be attended by the ex-combatants from other reintegration fields as well as community members. 1 One ex-combatant passed away after training Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 37 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component No. of XCs in State Of them reached % agriculture NBEG 5 5 100% WBEG 41 38 93% Warrap 43 42 98% Lakes 40 34 85% TOTAL 129 119 92% In addition to the ex-combatants, community members had the opportunity to participate in the training activities and hence to also benefit from this Project. The number of community members has somewhat decreased compared to Phase I due to reasons like (i) rainy/seeding season, (ii) unwillingness to receive training with no cash or tools provided for participation, (iii) transportation challenges etc. State CMs trained NBEG 59 WBEG 11 Warrap 52 Lakes 7 TOTAL 129 Having reached and trained a high percentage of the ex-combatants, the training team was proud to note the fact that none of the ex-combatants who participated in the training activities, chose to rejoin the military during the recent unrest, because they have realized the advantages of the peaceful life, of various income opportunities, and of the ability to be with their families at all times. Throughout both Training of Trainers sessions, the Consultant worked closely with NDDRC to establish the guidelines for the Phase II state-level training of the ex-combatants. While the training teams were given the ability to adjust their workplan, they were provided with guidelines of state- level training implementation. It was, however, emphasized that the ultimate goal is to deliver quality training to the maximum number of ex-combatants regardless of the field conditions as all the training teams were composed of the people who showed ability to make decisions while working under pressure. 38 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component All the training sessions were delivered by the training teams in accordance with the training guidelines, curriculums and materials they received during the Training of Trainers conducted in Juba in May-June 2014. In all cases, a training needs assessment was conducted, which facilitated the training team’s decision of which training modules would become most useful for the particular ex-combatant. While it was difficult to plan the exact logistics of the state-level training activities (transportation, exact dates, trainers’ accommodation, refreshments for the ex-combatants etc.), the work plan was outlined during the Training of Trainers in Juba. This work plan was then adjusted to the field conditions by the state managers in close cooperation with ICRS caseworkers, which led to the training teams moving effectively within their state and reaching out to the ex-combatants in each of the counties, which, consequently, lead to the high training coverage of 93%. In addition to the effective movement scheme, the four state-level training teams were in regular communication among themselves, because some of the ex-combatants have moved from one state to another since Phase I. Whenever a migrated ex-combatants was located and contacted, the state manager of his/her original state would transfer his/her contact information to the state manager of the ex-combatant’s current state so that the training team of that state could contact and train the ex-combatant. The challenges of the state-level training are covered in the corresponding sections of this report. Although numerous, they can mostly be addressed easily when designing the potential large-scale DDR Program. 5.1 Training overview A total of 399 people benefited directly from training as a part of the Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project. This includes 270 ex-combatants and 129 community members. The training sessions included (i) follow-up training in business skills/financial literacy/business motivation and (ii) training in agricultural business/agronomy practices. Additionally, a large number of community members may have benefited indirectly as they may have received the knowledge once the trained person (ex-combatant or community member) returns to the community and applies the knowledge obtained. The number of indirect beneficiaries is emphasized, because many of them would have liked to attend the training, but were too busy planting the seed at the beginning of the rainy season to make sure they receive harvest by the time it is over. The ex-combatants, in these case, attended the training not only as the pilot group members, but also as representatives of their community/family agricultural groups. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 39 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The training was mainly targeted at the ex-combatants as the primary beneficiaries of the Project, while the interested community members were free to join the trainings to receive the knowledge as deemed valuable. The number of community members who participated in the trainings has decreased in comparison with their turn-out in Phase I. The main reasons for that are believed to be the following: • The state-level training was offered right after the start of the rainy season, when basically the whole population of South Sudan is busy planting seeds in their farms and backyards to make sure they have at least 1 successful harvest this year. In many cases the ex- combatant would attend the training while his partners from the community were planting the seeds; • The cooperative business formation, although proven effective and highly encouraged by the government, is complicated to introduce formally, with all the paperwork done and the finances flowing officially. This led some of the cooperatives formed in Phase I to disintegrate by the time Phase II activities commenced; • Rainy season also meant that the quality of the roads is significantly sub-standard and it was very difficult for a person who lives outside of town to travel even a few kilometers to the training location. Cars are either expensive or not available, and motorcycles in many cases cannot make it through the expansive flooded areas that surround the cities during the rainy season. In comparison with Phase I, locating and gathering the ex-combatants became a lot easier. This is largely due to the fact that the training teams included the Phase I trainers and state-based ICRS caseworkers, all of which have personal contacts with the ex-combatant supplemented by experience in previous DDR activities in South Sudan. Additional awareness was created by the training teams speaking directly with local authorities and announcing the upcoming trainings on the local radio stations, which proved to be an effective way of spreading the information. The training format included inviting the ex-combatants for a 2-day training, which addresses their most important training needs and established the level of progress they have made since Phase I of the Pilot DDR Project. This was then supplemented by the training teams collecting valuable information on each ex- combatant’s current location, achievements, complaints, and status of the start-up kit that was given to him or her about 6 months before. This information was collected by having the State Manager fill out an XC personal form for each trained ex-combatant. The form is provided with this report as Appendix 4, while the results are presented in tabular form as a separate document accompanying this Final Report. As the training progressed, the training teams identified several components of the training that are generally most needed by the ex-combatants in their reintegration to the society: Mindset. It became very important for the training teams to make sure that the ex-combatants realized the new, updated reality that they are facing. Now they have to produce something (goods, 40 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component services, any other added value) in order to make a living. This implies that a decision has to be made on how exactly each one of them is going to get income when they are taken off the army payroll, where they could count on a fixed guaranteed salary every month by just following orders. Also, previously they did not need to think about purchasing food or clothes as those were provided for them. Leaving this army way of life is a significant stress for the ex-combatants and it was the job of the training teams to explain to the ex-combatants that their new way of life brings them opportunities, including financial, which go far beyond the ones they used to have while in army; Financial literacy and cash flow. As briefly explained above, the ex-combatants do not generally have a habit of planning their expenses, because, being on army payroll, they are used to receiving a salary and not worrying about food or clothes. In fact, it became obvious to the training teams that a very thorough explanation is needed to the ex-combatants of the difference between cost, revenue and profit. The goal of the reintegration process is to encourage the ex-combatants to engage in a livelihoods, be it in small business, agricultural production, the service industry, etc., and in this they will need to deal with financial flows on a daily basis. However, the ex-combatants need to realize that not all the money they receive can be used to cover their immediate needs, be it basic or luxury needs. Delivering the concepts of price structure, working capital and reinvestment to the ex-combatants became a major part of the training activities. 5.2 Team composition The training teams consisted of UNICON-hired state managers, ICRS caseworkers and Ministry of Agriculture extension workers. These teams reached out to the ex-combatants in their locations of return in the states of Northern Bahr el-Ghazal, Western Bahr el-Ghazal, Lakes and Warrap. This allowed for training to be performed by a combination of (i) the state managers hired from among the Phase I training team and (ii) the ICRS caseworkers, who are NDDRC staff. Both state managers and ICRS caseworkers know the ex-combatants personally, which allowed them to realize their personal conditions/challenges and relate to those. The most important factor behind such training team composition is that all the training team members are within the ex-combatants’ comfort zone and are able to work with the ex-combatants as well as collect accurate information on their progress that can be used by NDDRC for planning the future DDR activities in South Sudan. Despite various, mostly logistical and motivational, challenges faced during the state-level trainings, the training teams were able to deliver high-quality trainings to the Project beneficiaries (the ex-combatants). The team composition strategy proved to be a successful one, as it helped overcome potential language and other barriers between the training teams and the trainees (the ex-combatants). The business/cooperative training was conducted by the ICRS caseworkers and UNICON state managers in accordance with the training manual received during the Training of Trainers, while the agricultural training was provided by the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers using their experience and guidance received during the agricultural Training of Trainers in May 2014. 5.2.1 Teams in States of Warrap, Lakes and WBeG The ex-combatant distribution in these three states is presented in the table below: Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 41 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Type of start-up kit Warrap Lakes WBeG Agriculture 43 40 41 Non-agriculture 32 53 51 Based on the above numbers and collective vision, the following guidelines have been adopted: • 1 ICRS caseworker (trainer) in each state’s team was teamed up with the agricultural extension worker(s) and this team was responsible for delivering both the business and agricultural training to those ex-combatants who received agricultural start-up kits in Phase I; • The state manager and 2 ICRS caseworkers (trainers) teamed up to train the non- agricultural ex-combatants in entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy; • The state manager assists the “agricultural” team on as-needed basis. Specifically so in the state of Warrap; • 1 ICRS caseworker (trainer) in each state’s team allocated for dealing with the ex- combatants’ non-agricultural vocational extension training. Based on the above, the team compositions for the three states were accepted as follows: 2 XC type Warrap Lakes WBeG Abel Likambu John Lasu Bethwel John Chol Maker Joseph Martin Khamis Agriculture Chivillo Chier Paduol Daniel Kong Halbeng Henry Dahia Albino Patris Charles Christine Asienzo Adire Simon Deng Khor Gatwech Chan Non-agriculture Imbegas Jasper Simon Achuil Athian John Chol Atem Angok Deng Rev. Compeo Isaac Mabor Arok Vocational extension Deng Dennis Thiik Chawuoch Nhial Alit John Alier Atem training 2 The 3 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers were be alternating so that only 1 of them is used for training at a time. 42 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5.2.2 Team in State of NBeG The total number of ex-combatants in Northern Bahr el-Ghazal is 30, of which 5 ex-combatants chose agriculture and 25 – auto mechanics/driving. The group of ex-combatants who chose auto mechanics/driving as their reintegration activity attended specialized courses in Aweil, at which time they were also offered the business follow-up training. The following approach was adopted for the state of Northern Bahr el-Ghazal: • 1 ICRS caseworker (trainer) was allocated for dealing with the ex-combatants’ non- agricultural vocational extension training; • 1 ICRS caseworker (trainer) was teamed up with the agricultural extension worker(s) and this team was made responsible for delivering both the business and agricultural training to those ex-combatants who received agricultural start-up kits in Phase I; • The state manager and 1 ICRS caseworker (trainer) teamed up to train the non-agricultural ex-combatants in entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial literacy; • As soon as the “agriculture” team finished training the 5 ex-combatants, the 1 ICRS caseworkers joined the second team in their training sessions in Aweil. The NBeG team, therefore, looked as follows: XC type NBeG team3 Francis Makol Mou Agriculture Charles Stephen Ajok Peter Akol Wol Deng James Manyok Non-agriculture John Mabor Makuei Vocational training Garang Kuol Lual 5.3 State Specific Reporting: Northern Bahr el-Ghazal The state of Northern Bahr el-Ghazal is located in South Sudan’s northwestern part and farthest away from Juba, the capital of the country. It is one South Sudan’s least populated states and hence the number of the ex-combatants originating from Northern Bahr el-Ghazal is lower compared to that of the other states that participate in this Pilot DDR Project. A total of 30 ex- combatants were eligible for the follow-up activities designed within this Phase II. 3 The 2 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers were to be alternating so that only 1 of them is used for training at a time. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 43 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Additionally, Northern Bahr-el Ghazal ex-combatant pilot group does not reflect the general tendency of agriculture being the most popular field of reintegration. Instead, the majority of the ex- combatants, while receiving training in Mapel in August 2013, made a choice to receive vocational training and a start-up kit as auto-mechanics/drivers. The ex-combatant breakdown by the reintegration field in the state of Northern Bahr el-Ghazal is presented below4: Reintegration field No. of ex-combatants Agricultural 5 Auto mechanical 21 Carpentry 1 Electrical 0 Masonry 0 Plumbing 1 Welding 2 Animal husbandry 0 TOTAL 30 All the thirty ex-combatants were reached by the training team and receive the training in business/cooperatives and agriculture. In parallel to the training team’s efforts, the National DDR Commission arranged for the ex-combatants who had chosen auto-mechanics reintegration field, to attend driving and auto-mechanics courses in Aweil, which made it easier for the training team to located them as they all arrived from their respective payams to the state capital. Although all 30 participating ex-combatants trained, unfortunately, one of them passed away two weeks after meeting the training team – Mr. Garang Gel Akok (DDR ID 10000254) of the state’s Yargot payam. 5.3.1 Week of 9-14 June 2014 Training was conducted in Aweil for the 25 ex-combatants who has chosen auto-mechanics as their field of reintegration. The ex-combatants arrived to Aweil to attend driving/auto-mechanics school and they received 2 days of training in financial literacy and entrepreneurship before the lessons started in the school. The training was performed in the city of Aweil as all the 4 According to the latest available data – September 2013 database 44 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 25 ex-combatants had arrived for the driving school arranged for by the NDDRC, which is why they were the only ones in attendance. The ex-combatants of the other reintegration fields are to be visited by the training teams in their payams. While 2 cooperatives were formed, many of the ex-combatants are pursuing private entrepreneurship as a goal. Some of the ex-combatants, given a long time between receipt of the auto-mechanics start-up kit and the start of the driving school, have invested their time into agriculture. However, their main field of interest was financial literacy and entrepreneurship. Agricultural practices seemed secondary. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Dot Baai Malual Baai Farming cooperative was formed in Aweil East County. The total starting contribution was SSP 6,800 from both the ex-combatants and community members. They managed to make a profit of SSP 10,200 within the first 6 months of operation; • The ex-combatants have stopped relying on the government salary and are concentrating on their own progress; • The dividends that they will distribute at the end of the year has become a major motivator. They are all trying to maximize their effort in order to receive more at the end; • The ex-combatants and the community members engaged in agricultural activities do not have to think about feeding their families. Instead, because they can get food very cheap as members of the cooperative, they are focusing on the business side of agriculture and making profits; • According to the state manager’s opinion, there is high level of trust among the ex- combatants and community members who joined the cooperatives. This originates in the transparent structure of the profit distribution, where everyone knows exactly how much is being spend on the cooperative needs and how much profit is every member is entitled to; • General price reduction for the crops as they do not need to be delivered from other locations; • The participants of the 2 cooperatives (Dot Baai in Malual Baai & Akuem kou farming in Wanyjok Center) show a very high level of reintegration. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Until the recent start of driving school lessons, lack of adequate training was the main challenge for the ex-combatants who chose auto-mechanics as their field of reintegration. Some of them had to temporarily shift to find themselves in agriculture; • Even though the situation was clearly explained in Phase I, some of the ex-combatants still state that they need a generator with their welding start-up kit; • The ploughs that were part of the agricultural start-up kit did not come with a chain, which made it very difficult to connect them to an ox; Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 45 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • The amount of seeds provided with the start-up kit was not enough to run a farm, so they were asking for more seeds; • The timing for the trainings needs to be improved, because (again, like Mapel training) the training had to take the ex-combatants away from their cultivation work; • 2 months of driving school does not sound sufficient to the ex-combatants and they are asking that the school is extended to 3 months (4 months for engineering / auto- mechanics); • Most of the ex-combatants need land for their business as they can’t afford to rent. They are asking that some land is provided to them by the government. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The best use of the start-up kits (agricultural) is seen in places where the ex-combatants have formed cooperatives; • A few ex-combatants sold their start-up kits (auto-mechanics). This goes especially for the hydraulic jacks and spanners; • Many of the auto-mechanics ex-combatants did not use the start-up kits until today, because they had not received the necessary training, but they are still in possession of their start-up kits. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) NBGS, Aweil town, Maper Akot, maper. Dates 9-14 June 2014 Financial literacy & entrepreneurship TRAINING TYPES (business skills) # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 25 XCs attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.3.2 Week of 16-21 June 2014 Training was conducted for 2 ex-combatants in Panthou payam, Malek Alel County east of Aweil center. They have formed a fishing cooperative together with some community members, but it proved to be not the best choice of activity for their region and they are now concentrated on subsistence farming. While facing many challenges, the ex-combatants consider themselves to be fully reintegrated into the community and not willing to go back to the army. They are able to learn something new every 46 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component day and the newly acquired skills help them develop as personalities and improve their living conditions. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Although formally members of cooperatives, the two ex- combatants are committed to their domestic farming activities. They are improving their personal skills in agricultural activities at household level; • The ex-combatants show their reintegration progress by joining community life where people work every day in order to make their living. They realized that they have to care about themselves and their families now as opposed to following commands; • They believe that their first step has to be reaching the level of farming to support their household and then proceed to develop as a business. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants need water pumps for irrigation in order to have effective farming system throughout a year; • They need variety of different seeds so that they have variety outputs of crops for their own consumption & consequent business purposes; • The ex-combatants need insecticides for spraying their crops in order to reach adequate harvest size and quantity; • For their future as business farmers, they would like to receive additional training in agriculture, especially in the areas of seedbed preparation, management and fertilizer use; • They are in need of a wire fence around their farming land in order to protect it from both wild and domestic animals and cattle; • There is need for ox and chain to complete the ox-plough package as it is now difficult to use it. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 47 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Mostly, the agricultural start-up kits are in possession and being used in the right way by the ex-combatants.; • Ox-ploughs are difficult to use because the ox and the chains were not provided. In addition, skills are required to assemble, operate and maintain the plough. Some were obtained in Mapel, but additional might be needed; • Seeds were used during cultivations but the seedlings were destroyed by pests/ insects due to lack of insecticides. • Until this training, the land preparation part of the start-up kit was not used to the best extent, but now they have better understanding. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Aweil town, Maper Akot, Maper. Dates 16-21 June 2014 Financial literacy & entrepreneurship TRAINING TYPES (business skill), agriculture # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 2 XCs attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.3.3 Week of 23-28 June 2014 The training team visited Wanyjok County (Aweil East) and provided training to the ex-combatants and community members for the payams of Baac, Akuem Kou and Yar Goot. All the participants of the training are members of 1 cooperative, which was formed by the ex-combatant who resides in this area. Mabior Guot Aguer was able to gather 28 community members around him and start a farming cooperative, which currently produces vegetables, beans and other crops for the members’ consumption, but they are planning to expand their operations and start generating profits. 48 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatant and the community members formed a farming cooperative in which they produce green vegetables & legumes such as tomato, beans, maize, okra, groundnuts and many others for their consumption & business purposes; • The cooperative is showing signs of becoming something bigger than an agricultural cooperative, as many of its members have additional skills in different areas and have the possibility of creating value added products/services; • The total initial contribution was SSP 2,200, which can be considered significant and is a sign of trust that the members have in this enterprise. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • As in case of other ex-combatants, water pumps are needed very much for anyone who is involved in any kind of agricultural activities. The pumps are needed even during the rainy season, when the break between the rains can be as long as 1 week; • Supply of insecticides is needed as even subsistence farming is heavily affected by insects. They will need more of them as their businesses grow; • Training is needed on how to use different types of chemicals, whether it is a fertilizer or an insecticide; • The ox and plough chain problem seems to have become universal. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The ex-combatant’s start-up kit is being used effectively for the most part. The plough can’t be used because no chain was provided with it and no ox was provided as well. • For some of the tools additional minor training may be useful as they are not used in the best possible way (e.g. hoes and fork hoes). Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Wanyjok Centre, Aweil East County Dates 23-28 June 2014 TRAINING TYPES Business and Agriculture Skills # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 1 XC & 28 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 49 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5.3.4 Week of 30 June – 5 July 2014 The payam of Malual Bai was visited during this week. The training was attended by 1 ex- combatant and 31 community members. The participants formed 3 different cooperatives in 3 different areas: farming, pharmacy business and general trade. Some of the ex-combatants were away and received their training in Aweil in addition to their ongoing driving school. The cooperative co-exist in the same area and exchange experience and knowledge. They also assist each other in addressing the issues and challenges that come up along the way. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants and the community members have adequate knowledge of the general operation procedures of cooperatives; • The locations picked for the cooperatives can be considered successful, as they are close to the community’s center of interests; • They were able to fence off their agricultural business in order to protect it from wild and domestic animals wandering inside. They also hired a watchman; • The pharmacy is located in the central Malual Bai Market area; • Most of the members have a good understanding of how to use the farming tools; • 75% of the members are women from various backgrounds; • The cooperatives have a fixed hierarchy of management which includes 9 people starting with the Chairman and going down to Purchasing Officer. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Most of the cooperative members complain a lot for lack of insecticides/pesticides to protect their farm produces from the insects; • The cooperative members also said that they have in adequate tools for farming. More tools are needed; • More seeds provided to the cooperatives would make it easier for them to grow as business; • Additional agricultural training opportunity is requested so that the cooperative members have a chance to learn modern farming techniques; • Irrigation support is needed (pumps etc.) as the dry season is nearing; 50 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The XCs and community members hire moldboard from the individuals who owned them for farming through their contributions; • Traditional farming tools are being used effectively; • The plough is not being used because there is no chain; • They have more land than they received seed for, so more seeds would allow them to use more of their land in Malual Bai. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Malual Baai Centre in Aweil East county Dates 30 June-5 July 2014 TRAINING TYPES Business and Agriculture Skills # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 1 XC & 31 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.4 State Specific Reporting: Western Bahr el-Ghazal Western Bahr el-Ghazal state is one of South Sudan’s larger states and is home to 92 ex- combatants who were chosen to participate in this Pilot DDR Project. The state has areas adjacent to the Central African Republic border, which are considered both remote and relatively unsafe. Although some of the ex-combatants are residents of those parts of the state, the training team was able to locate, contact and train most of the ex-combatants by setting up training centers in locations that could be easily travelled to by the ex-combatants. The state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal is also the location of the first formal cooperative of this Project. Seven ex-combatants who chose welding as their reintegration field, during Phase I of the Project, were given a generator to share among them provided that they registered their cooperative with NDDRC’s assistance, which they successfully did and are now working together, although do face certain challenges, just like the rest of the pilot group. The distribution of the ex-combatants by the reintegration field in the state of Western Bahr el- Ghazal is provided below: Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 51 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Reintegration field No. of ex-combatants Agricultural 41 Auto mechanical 8 Carpentry 13 Electrical 13 Masonry 1 Plumbing 5 Welding 7 Animal husbandry 4 TOTAL 92 In addition to making attempts to locate, reach and train the 92 ex-combatant originally residing in Western Bahr el-Ghazal, the training team trained 8 ex-combatants, who migrated from other states – 1 from Northern Bahr el-Ghazal and 7 from Warrap. Their training records were passed on to those states’ training teams for further submission of that data with their reports5 5.4.1 Week of 9-14 June 2014 The ex-combatants from Wau County were invited for training during this week. The training team noticed that the in-state migration can be significant and the some ex-combatants have decided to move closer to the capital city. While the original number of Wau county residents is 29, a total of 34 ex-combatants and 3 community members were trained in financial literacy, entrepreneurship, agricultural skills etc. The reintegration process is progressing adequately and most of the ex-combatants are on their way to becoming completely reintegrated and full-scale community members in addition to the fact that they are developing their entrepreneurship skills and becoming more financially independent by the day. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The carpentry ex-combatants that we visited have formed a cooperative and were given land plots from the State Ministry of Land and Physical Infrastructure of Western Bahr el- Ghazal state at no cost; • The welding ex-combatants formed a cooperative called “Welding Ex-combatants Cooperative 2013 WBeG state” and the cooperative was given a land plot by the State Ministry of Land and Physical Infrastructure of Western Bahr el-Ghazal state at no cost; 5 Phase II is based on the original XC database and modifying it was not among this Project’s task. 52 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • Four ex-combatants are currently employed by the Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, Forestry and Rural Development of Western Bahr el-Ghazal state. They are now staff at the Ministry and receive monthly incentive; • According to Thiel, he has actually started his business and facing some of the challenges like power connection to the area is a problem and need to buy generator for his business therefore, he kindly request the donors to offer him generator; • Some of the ex-combatants already dug wells for irrigations. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Start-up kits and splinting machines which the ex-combatants received were often not enough. Additional provision is requested by the ex-combatants, e.g. 1 generator is not enough for 7 people; • Some ex-combatants who live in remote areas requested accommodation during the training days as it was difficult for them to travel 2 days in a row; • Additional equipment (e.g. carpentry) is needed by the ex-combatants to support their business; • Some of the ex-combatants expected that they would receive some form of payments for attending the training; • Agriculture ex-combatants are in needs of insecticides, pest and water sources for irrigation of their crops; • The ex-combatants can’t afford to rent workspace, land or additional tools; • Need for more seeds. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The start-up kits are mostly in possession and in good condition, but the ex-combatants need some spare parts; • The carpentry cooperative that we visited was formed by 7 of our ex-combatants and they were later joined by 2 community members with additional start-up kits that they received from Save the Children Foundation. They mentioned that those start-up kits were better than the ones provided by this program. • Power and splinting machine is challenging both carpentry and auto-mechanic. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 53 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Wau county, Wau town Dates 9-14 June 2014 agriculture ,financial literacy and TRAINING TYPES cooperative entrepreneurship # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 34 XCs & 3 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.4.2 Week of 16-21 June 2014 During this week the Western Bahr el-Ghazal training team trained 17 ex-combatants and 1 community member in the Mapel and Kuajina payams of Jur River County. The participants were members of 8 different cooperatives and came to the training as their representatives as most of the other members were either busy with their household work or their farming/cooperative work. The state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal NDDRC office seems to be the most active in terms of working with the local government on the issues of providing land to the ex-combatants. Several cooperatives received land plots for their businesses. The local government also participated in the reintegration process by hiring some of the ex- combatants, who are now staff of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Most of the ex-combatants in Mapel have formed cooperatives in either agriculture or carpentry; • An ex-combatant in animal husbandry was able to increase his goat count to 4 heads, which is significant; • Another animal husbandry ex-combatant now has 17 chicken; • Most people from agriculture have already started their businesses through cultivation in their gardens with plans for business expansion; • The carpentry ex-combatants formed a cooperative, obtained a land plot from the government with assistance from NDDRC and are now working in their area; • The welding ex-combatants formed a cooperative, obtained a land plot from the government with assistance from NDDRC and are now working in their area; • Four ex-combatants are currently employed by the Ministry of Animal Resources, Fisheries and Rural Development and they are on salary; • Some of the ex-combatants took initiative and dug water wells for themselves for irrigation purposes. 54 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • The ex-combatants are successfully working with community members on various projects, including cooperative and day-to-day businesses. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Some ex-combatants complained about the quality of their start-up kits; • 1 generator is not enough to be shared by 7 welders, according to them; • Some ex-combatants requested accommodation during the training and told they would not attend again without that; • The carpentry cooperative needs additional equipment to facilitate the business growth; • Many ex-combatants expected to be paid at the end of the training; • Agriculture ex-combatants are in need of seeds, insecticides and water sources. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The start-up kits in most cases are being used, but some parts of them already need repair; • Complaints that shared components (welding machine, generator) are not sufficient; • Some start-up kits were sold by either the ex-combatants or their relatives; • Some parts were stolen from the ex-combatants; • Some of the start-up kit parts went missing during the unrest in Mapel. Attendance Mapel and Kuajina Payams, LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Jur River county Dates 16-21 June 2014 Agriculture, financial literacy, bookkeeping, TRAINING TYPES management, entrepreneurship. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 17 XCs & 1 Community Member attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 55 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5.4.3 Week of 23-28 June 2014 The training team of the Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project visited Marial Bai payam of the Western Bahr el-Ghazal state. The training was attended by 16 people, including 9 ex- combatants and 7 community members. Most of the ex-combatants have started small businesses that can feed them and their families. Most of the ex-combatants, regardless of the chosen reintegration field, have an small agricultural operation, which, depending of the resources and abilities, either provides enough food for the household, or provides a surplus that can be sold for cash. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants do not have to think about how to fulfil their basic needs and their small businesses/farming operations are able to provide them with enough food or enough income to buy food; • The ex-combatants are mostly involved in growing traditional crops like maize, jirjir, onion, okra etc.; • Despite facing numerous challenges, most of the ex-combatants are thankful to the NDDRC for this Program and understand the importance of reintegration; • Animal husbandry ex-combatants’ businesses are growing steadily. They are not to the level of profit-oriented business, but the ex-combatants are able to support their households. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • In this third week of training, the ex-combatant’s main complaints and challenges have started to repeat themselves and are often related to the start-up kits; • Some of the tools’ quality could be better, according to the ex-combatants. This comment is mainly related to the traditional farming tools and might have to do with improper use or misuse of the tools; • Insecticides and seeds are needed for the farmers; • Medicines are needed for the animal husbandry ex-combatants. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Most of the ex-combatants make good use of their start-up kits by applying the knowledge acquired during this program; 56 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • The ox-ploughs came with no ox and with no chain, so even if the ex-combatants rent an ox – they still do not have a chain; • Some of the basic farming tools are believed to be of poor condition, but this might be due to improper use; Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Marial Bay payam Dates 23-28 June 2014 agriculture ,financial literacy, Book keeping TRAINING TYPES management and entrepreneurship development and cooperative # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 9 XCs & 7 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.4.4 Week of 30 June-5 July 2014 16 ex-combatants received their follow-up training this week in Wau town of the state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal. This was a second session of training performed in Wau as not all the ex- combatants were able to attend during the week 1 of the state-level training. The ex-combatants are showing impressive progress in their reintegration and are proudly presenting their tangible results to the training team. Most of them are able to support their daily living and are targeting at starting to make profits from their small businesses. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • One of the ex-combatants (MAPL10000171) harvested 4 bags of onions, which he was able to exchange for 2 bags of sorghum; • A partnership of 1 ex-combatant and 2 community members was formed to provide carpentry services. It is also a family business as one of the two community members is the ex-combatant’s brother; • Subsistence farming is present in most ex-combatants’ households and is mostly represented by maize, onion and okra; • The animal husbandry ex-combatants are very pleased with their own progress as they see their herds growing in numbers. They are now learning that they actually need to buy and use medicines for the animals to keep them alive and healthy; • 9 ex-combatants are going to enroll in driving and mechanic courses with the Wau Vocational Center; Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 57 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • An ex-combatant of carpentry reintegration field was able to obtain wood logs from the Kuajena forestry and is now looking for ways to deliver them to his work place in Dongajak. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Start-up kits of any kind are highly appreciated by both ex-combatants and the community members as tools are scarce; • Generator is desired by almost every participant of the training; • Basic maintenance spare parts are needed: nuts, bolts, grease etc.; • Some of the ex-combatants complain about not receiving their pension; • The ex-combatants would like to receive motorbikes and additional mechanic training; • Most of the carpenters complain that they cannot get their hands on timber; • Some of the ex-combatants expected to get paid for receiving the training. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The construction materials provided to the animal husbandry ex-combatants were not enough to build a house for the goats/chicken; • The electricians need items like wires, nuts, bolts and ladders; • The carpenters have trouble working with daggers and believe they are not functioning; Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Wau Town Dates 30 June – 5 July 2014 agriculture ,financial literacy, Book keeping TRAINING TYPES management and entrepreneurship development and cooperative # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 16 XCs attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 58 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5.5 State Specific Reporting: Warrap The state of Warrap is one of the largest state of South Sudan in terms of its area and population. It also has numerous territories, which become unpassable during most of the rainy season, which usually starts in May of every year. This Project’s state-level training came to be conducted during the climatically unfavorable time and the training team, among other things, had to face transportation challenges when travelling between training locations. Warrap has 75 ex-combatants originally registered for this pilot Project as residents, but the state- level training activities period showed that some of the ex-combatants migrated to other neighboring states – Western Bahr-el Ghazal (8 people) and Lakes (1 person). With 8 people trained in other states and 1 person, who migrated to the state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal, unreached, the Warrap training team managed to train 74 out of 75 ex-combatants, delivering business/cooperative and agricultural training in 5 different training locations around the state in accordance with the ex-combatants’ reintegration field preference indicated during the training in Mapel in August 2013. Reintegration field No. of ex-combatants Agricultural 43 Auto mechanical 12 Carpentry 6 Electrical 1 Masonry 2 Plumbing 3 Welding 0 Animal husbandry 8 TOTAL 75 5.5.1 Week of 9-14 June 2014 This week’s training in Warrap state covered 5 cooperatives. In total, 37 ex-combatants and 1 community member were trained on various topics. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 59 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Following the informational support organized by the training team and NDDRC, the attendance was impressive for the first week of training. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Support training sessions conducted on various topics for the ex- combatants in Tonj South with great success; • We helped in formation of 5 new cooperatives since the original ones had died immediately after they were formed; • Counseled and resolved the issue of allegations that this DDR program was part of Riek Machar’s campaign. The ex-combatants did not want to become associated with that kind of activity; • Local leaders were met in Tonj South and they gave us support during the mobilization and sensitizations of the ex-combatants; • The team visited one of the upcoming mechanic Garage and supported the initiative. He was trained on production and workplace management (see pic). Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • The commission staff need more motivation since the cost of living is high; • Some ex-combatants mistrust the Institution a lot because initially they had high expectations. They claim that a lot of money was given to DDR and disappeared; • Inability (both financial and in terms of capacity) of the ex-combatants to sustain the cooperatives after their formation; • The lack of resources and clear plan on the side of the ex-combatants; • Continuous in-state migration of the ex-combatants affects their business capacity; • Some of the ex-combatants have no desire to develop themselves and try to practice the obtained skills; • Some of the ex-combatants lack out-of-the-box thinking and do not consider other business avenues except the fields that they got trained in in Mapel; • Animal Husbandry beneficiaries all claim that the animals died; • Long drought season is a set back to the agriculturalists; • Most of the ex-combatants do not have access to the information on where to get services like Veterinary services. Agricultural services etc.; 60 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • There are difficulties in reaching certain areas since the roads are very bad in this rain season; • No land to start their businesses in town; • Most of the ex-combatants claim that the tool kits were not sufficient for business. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • On average the tool kits are being used well, but some are incomplete, according to the ex-combatants; • The start-up kit least used is the plough as the say most of the parts like chains and some bolts are missing; • Almost all the goats and chicken died according to the XCS of Animal Husbandry; • Tool kits of Auto-mechanics are not being used as the XCS don’t have the skills to operate it; • The carpentry say that they were not given Jackplane and almost all the tools are of poor quality. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Warrap, Tonj South,Tonj,War Giir Business Start and development Cooperative Development TRAINING TYPES Production and workplace management Financial literacy Agriculture # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 37 XCs & 1 Community Member attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.5.2 Week of 16-21 June 2014 The training team visited the Pagol Agricultural Cooperative Society – a cooperative founded by an ex-combatant in Tonj North County’s Pagol payam. The ex-combatant (Lual Nhial Mangok) was able to gather 20 community members around him and they are now successfully operating and the reintegration start-up kit is being used extensively and productively. While the land plot they received is currently too big for them to handle, they have great plans to Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 61 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component develop as a business and ultimately utilize the whole area they have been given by the Government with NDDRC’s support. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The members of the cooperative managed to start the vegetable growing process and are now expecting results; • The ex-combatant showed great level of leadership by organizing 20 community members around his business idea; • A sizeable land plot was allocated for this cooperative; and • They have started fencing off their land so that unwanted people/animals can’t get inside. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Their fencing is still poor and in need of further improvements; • Pests and diseases are significantly affecting their farming; • Although highly motivated, the member of the cooperative lack clear and detailed plans of further development, especially so in terms of management; • Some other ex-combatants were in this cooperative before, but disappeared, leaving just one person. Mostly due to the fact that they did not want to work every day; • The farming practices they use are obsolete and they need further agricultural training, because the cooperative’s productivity depends on it; • This year’s long drought season became a setback; • Until we came with the training, the people did not know that they could get additional agricultural services from the Ministry directly; • Difficulties in reaching certain areas since the roads are very bad in this rain season; • Tool maintenance is sometimes a problem, because the people do not realize the importance of tool maintenance/cleaning/etc. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Some of the provided tools have proved to be a lot more effective than the ones traditionally used in this area, e.g. they are now using hoes and rakes instead of small hoes; • The ox-plough without an ox and a chain is not very efficient and rarely used, when the cooperative has a chance to rent an ox; • Tool maintenance is very poor. 62 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Tonj North,Pagol,Mayenloch Dates 16-21 June 2014 Production and workplace management, record TRAINING TYPES keeping, marketing and sales, agriculture. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 1 XC & 20 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.5.3 Week of 23-28 June 2014 The Warrap state training team delivered the follow-up training to 20 people, including 7 ex- combatants and 13 community members. Some of the ex-combatants who were originally based in Warrap state, were discovered in the states of Lakes and Western Bahr el-Ghazal. Their names and contact information were provided to the corresponding state managers for the proper training to be delivered. Some of the ex-combatants, although received a particular training and start-up kit in Phase I, are now interested in a different reintegration field. This is often true for the ex-combatants of originally non-agricultural reintegration field, who then realized that it is too complicated and they can feed themselves easier by being a subsistence farmer. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants are mostly engaged in subsistence farming with a few of them having surplus production that they can potentially sell; • Some ex-combatants, despite being unsuccessful in their private business, were able to find a stable job, which is very important, because some people do not naturally have the “business” mindset; • Several cooperatives were formed: Ngic Rot Loi Group, Kong-Tiing agricultural cooperative, Cyie manyiel cooperative, and Bumat NDDRC cooperative. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 63 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Inability of the XCS to sustain the cooperatives after their formation; • The lack of resources and clear plan; • Obsolete farming methods are used by the population, which in most cases means low productivity; • The drought season is expected to become a big challenge for the ex-combatants; • Lack of information of existing government support programs for farmers, entrepreneurs etc.; • It is almost impossible to acquire land plot in town. If the land offered to the ex-combatants is usually outside of town in a very inconvenient location; • Most of the ex-combatants claim that more tools should have been in the start-up kits. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Some of the ex-combatants still do not make use of the start-up kit, although they keep it; • The usual problem with the agriculture start-up kit is the lack of ox and the lack of a chain; • Auto-mechanics start-up kits are the least used ones, because the ex-combatants have no knowledge of how to use them. Attendance Gogrial East, LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Gogrial West, Kuac south Dates 23-28 June 2014 Production and workplace TRAINING TYPES management, record keeping, marketing and sales, agriculture. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 7 XCs & 13 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.5.4 Week of 30 June-5 July 2014 Two counties were covered during this week – Abyei County and Twic County – with 28 people having benefited from the follow-up training, including 10 ex-combatants and 18 community member involved in the cooperative businesses with the ex-combatants. 64 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component The ex-combatants were happy to receive these visits by the training teams as they had already lost their hope of receiving this training. Many ex-combatants do not own a mobile phone and it is difficult to locate them. Additionally, the rainy season made it challenging for the training team to get to some of the locations. But all the challenges pay off when the team sees the ex-combatants thankful for the training. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants are mostly able to support themselves in terms of food and basic needs; • A daily income of SSP 25-30 is considered adequate for 1 person – this is the amount of money that a person can earn by working for someone or by selling or re-selling agricultural produce; • The ex-combatants who were able to set up a slightly larger scale farming operations are able to make up to SSP 300 per days during the harvesting season; • The start-up kit usage level is high among the ex-combatants with agricultural field of reintegration, while the other ex-combatants sometimes require additional tools and/or training. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Unfortunately, some of the ex-combatants have alcohol abuse problems and are not willing to address them, which complicates the process of their reintegration; • Pesticides are needed by all the ex-combatants that have any kind of farming operation; • Some ex-combatants are asking for seeds of pumpkins and water melons, saying that those would grow very well in the area; • The usual problems of ox, chain, nuts and bolts are also present in these 2 counties; • Boreholes and water pumps are in big demand, keeping in mind the dry season. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Some of the agricultural start-up kits are still stored at the NDDRC office uncollected/undelivered. They are too bulky for the ex-combatants to collect them and they are waiting for assistance in delivering the start-up kits to their place of residence; • The auto-mechanics start-up kits are not being used as the ex-combatants are still waiting to receive additional training in that area, after which they will be able to start their small businesses; • The ploughs are rarely being used as they are difficult to assemble ad to maintain. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 65 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Twic and Abyei Counties, Warrap state Dates 30 June – 5 July 2014 TRAINING TYPES Business and Agriculture Skills # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 10 XCs & 18 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing 5.5.5 Week of 7-12 July 2014 Seven ex-combatants were reached and trained in this last week of the state-level training. These persons could not be reached in their states as they did not show much desire to receive the training, but the training team was able to approach them in Kwajok town, when they came there to collect their army salaries. After the training, however, the ex-combatants were happy that they had a chance to receive it, because they obtained additional knowledge on how to potentially gain stable income by working in agricultural production, service industry (e.g. fixing furniture, equipment etc.) or by creating or joining a cooperative. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants’ trust in the NDDRC was reinstated by the training team; • Agricultural training was provided to all the seven ex-combatants regardless of their initial reintegration field; • The ex-combatants realized that they can generate more money by working in the society than by being in the army and waiting for the salary every month; • Information was provided to the ex-combatants about various possibilities within the Government of South Sudan of receiving various tangible assistant if working in a formal cooperative; • Psychologically, it was a relief for these ex-combatants to meet the training team to make sure that someone still cares about them and makes efforts to assist them in their reintegration process. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • High mobility of these XCS makes it very hard to reach them. We managed to get these ones because they had come to pick their salaries; 66 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • The traditional farming practices that are practiced by the population are now obsolete and mostly ineffective; • Pests and diseases pose great danger to the efforts of the ex-combatants; • Most of the ex-combatants do not have the information on where to get veterinary and agricultural services, which are available to the general public, including them; • The town areas do not provide land to start their business. The available land plots are usually in remote, unsafe locations that are not the best for business or agriculture; • The ex-combatants would like to have received a more “complete” start-up kit: more tools, better brands etc.; • There is a superstition that if one works hard and makes good money – they will definitely be robbed and killed by bad people. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • One start-up kit is still stored in the state NDDRC office in Kuajok and were never delivered to the ex-combatants; • The start-up kits in the ex-combatants’ possession are intact and used, usually except the ox-plough, which requires 2 bulls and a chain to operate, none of which is generally available to the ex-combatants; • The auto-mechanics ex-combatants need additional training before they are able to use their start-up kits, because at the moments they do not have sufficient knowledge. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Kwajok Center, Warrap state Dates 7-12 July 2014 TRAINING TYPES Business and Agriculture Skills # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 7 XCs attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing. 5.6 State Specific Reporting: Lakes Among the four participating states, Lakes state is the closest one to the territories of recent unrest in South Sudan’s oil-rich regions. Considering this, it is seen as a great success of the South Sudan DDR Program that none of the 93 ex-combatants residing in this state, returned to any kind of conflict-related activities. All of them fully realized the advantages of the peaceful, Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 67 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component society-oriented lives in the communities. Living with their families, having a small business of their own and being in control of their own income and its distribution became the deciding factor for staying at home and away from taking sides in the conflict. The training team was able to reach and train 81 of Lakes’ 93 ex-combatants participating in this Pilot Project. In addition, one ex-combatants from Warrap state was trained and a widow of an ex- combatants who passed away earlier this year. Reintegration field No. of ex-combatants Agricultural 40 Auto mechanical 28 Carpentry 4 Electrical 5 Masonry 3 Plumbing 0 Welding 2 Animal husbandry 11 TOTAL 93 The training team received a high level of cooperation from both the local authorities and the state DDR Commission, who assisted in the team’s in-state travel as well as in contacting the ex- combatants leaders and in organizing their timely arrival for the training activities. The ex-combatants in Lakes state preferred to work by themselves and start their own/family operated small businesses as opposed to joining forces with other ex-combatants and community members in forming cooperatives. The logistics in Lakes state is difficult and, for example, agricultural small business can mostly be targeted at the local/regional market, because it is difficult to deliver the produce to other regions and states. 5.6.1 Week of 9-14 June 2014 The training team provided training to 35 ex-combatants and 1 community member during week 1 of the state-level training, which focused of the ex-combatants who reside in Rumbek center area. Most of the participants are still in possession of their start-up kits. However, in many instances the ex-combatants do not have adequate skills to make the best use of the tools provided to them. This creates a lot of sense in the expert visits program introduced in this Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project. 68 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Several ex-combatants have started commercial farming like Marial Madol and others. The training on sales and marketing, Production, Cooperative formation and commercial farming was provided to them; • The training team targeted at igniting the ex-combatants’ effort in further developing their business skills. For some of them, the team will visit their business locations to boost their morale and deliver additional hands-on knowledge; • The fact that the ex-combatants are now community members makes them learn many thing as their life goes. For example, the importance of daily and weekly budgeting has been realized by most of the ex-combatants; • Several ex-combatants were able to find themselves in areas different from those indicated during Phase I. They are successfully using the business skills obtained; • There is a 7 ha. farm organized by one of the ex-combatants that deals with sorghum and groundnut. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants who received the agricultural start-up kit request a chain and an ox for the ox-plough; • Auto-mechanics ex-combatants need the driving lessons so they can test the vehicles they have repaired; • Land is needed by the ex-combatants for expanding their businesses; • Irrigation is often a problem, especially when there is drought. So, a water pump is desired by many of the ex-combatants; • The general complaint by the ex-combatants is that Lakes state has security problems. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Most of the start-up kits are intact, but many are not used because of lack of skill or financial resources; • Ox-ploughs did not include chains and/or bulls; • There is an issue of expectations. Some ex-combatants expected to receive more tools/cattle with the start-up kits. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 69 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Rumbek Centre NDDRC compound Dates 16-21 June 2014 Financial literacy, Budgeting, cooperative TRAINING TYPES formation and commercial farming. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 35 XCs & 1 Community Member attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing. 5.6.2 Week of 9-14 June 2014 The training team visited 9 ex-combatants and 1 community member. The one community member is the widow of an ex-combatant who was unfortunately killed while working on his farm. While there were no cooperatives formed so far, the ex-combatants are planning to start their businesses in the nearest future. Being owners of an ox-ploughs, some of them acquired the cooperation skills by co-working with owners of bulls to plough both interested persons’ land. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants have made their first steps by establishing subsistence farming to make sure they can feed themselves and their families. This includes planting crops small scale in their personal gardens and backyards; • The ex-combatants realize the importance of the training and appreciate the efforts of the training team; • The newly introduced agricultural training proved to be very useful and more of such training will be needed in the future as the ex-combatants’ farming businesses grow; • Cooperation in sharing an ox-plough and a bull is an indicator of the ex-combatants’ preparedness to be full scale community members and they can already be considered as such. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • Chains and ox for the ox-ploughs are needed; • Auto-mechanics training is needed by the ex-combatants who chose auto-mechanics and their reintegration field; • General infrastructure state is slowing down the development: roads, utilities, services etc.; • Support needed for the land allocation; 70 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • Security issues in Lakes state often interfere with the ex-combatants’ business development plans; • Micro financing is underdeveloped in South Sudan. Otherwise the ex-combatants would be able to take small loans to facilitate business growth; • Pesticides/insecticides are needed. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • Most of the start-up kits are in possession of the ex-combatants. They are using them to some extent, but not effectively because of lack of specialized training, financial resources and lack of entrepreneurial mentality; • The Most of the start-up kits were still in good condition and being used by the owners. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Rumbek East, Rumbek Center Dates 16-21 June 2014 Cooperative formation and its importance, TRAINING TYPES budgeting, agribusiness, financial literacy and management. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 9 XCs & 1 Community Member attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing. 5.6.3 Week of 23-28 June 2014 During this week the training team visited the counties of Yirol East, Yirol West and Awerial. The total number of people trained is 37, which includes 32 ex-combatants and 5 community members. Due to occasional unrest in the state, some of the ex-combatants were not able to start their business. On the other hand, they did not go back to the army and did not join any side of the conflict, because they realize that they now have to reintegrate back into the community. The animal husbandry ex-combatants are waiting to receive the goats and the chicken, which will be purchased and delivered to them by the training team in the nearest future. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • Even though some ex-combatants do not yet have enough skills and resources to run their business, they fully realize the importance of being able to support themselves and their families; Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 71 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • Most of the ex-combatants have a small farming operation regardless of the their field of reintegration and the type of everyday job; • Given the scarce resources, the ex-combatants have learned to share them. For example, if their neighbor has a bull and they have some other faring tools, the ex-combatant will take the bull for 1 days and give his neighbor the farming tools for 2 days; • Carpentry can be seen as second most valuable reintegration field, because even the basic carpentry skills and some tools will provide living to the person and his family; • The ex-combatants positively respond to the motivational and inspirational activities carried out by the training teams as part of the follow-up visits. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • General sense of insecurity continues to be a constraining factor in several parts of the state, although in general the situation is showing signs of improvement; • The ex-combatants claim that they need assistance with more tools, seeds, water pumps, boreholes and chemicals (pesticides); • Due to vast fishing resources in the state, some of the ex-combatants requested fishing nets; • Fencing materials are needed to protect the harvest; • The ex-combatants think that they should also be getting the working (expendable) materials, e.g. fixtures for the tables for carpenters etc. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The start-up kits are mainly in the ex-combatants’ possession and are mostly used; • The animal husbandry start-up kits are being completed and the ex-combatants willstart working with them soon; • The ex-combatants complained that mane tools’ handles broke already. Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Greater Yirol Area Dates 23-28 June 2014 Cooperative formation and its importance, budgeting, TRAINING TYPES agribusiness, financial literacy and management. # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 32 XCs & 5 Community Members attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing. 72 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 5.6.4 Week of 30 June-5 July 2014 Three ex-combatants received a visit by the training team during this week – all of them in the reintegration field of agriculture. They are all using their yards to grow crops in order to feed themselves and their families as well as to sell any surplus that emerges. The usual crops that they grow are tomatoes, okra and onion, which are considered a fairly safe choice in terms of growing as own food and for sale. Achievements The following achievements were noted by the training teams: • During the okra season, it is possible to receive a revenue of up to SSP 75 per day from selling okra. This is of course not entirely profit, because the ex-combatants spent their time, effort and resources while growing it, but they still see it as their profit because it is real cash in their hands; • The business side of their farming is only starting and it will only develop after they are completely confident in their ability to support themselves and invest some of the effort and finances in business development, but they are on the right track. Challenges The following challenges were noted by the training teams: • The ex-combatants claim that they need assistance with more tools, seeds, water pumps, boreholes and chemicals (pesticides); • Due to vast fishing resources in the state, some of the ex-combatants requested fishing nets; • Fencing materials are needed to protect the harvest; • They feel they should be getting even more support from the government. Start-up kit use The following comments can be made on the start-up kit use: • The start-up kits are used widely, but, as in different parts of the state, the ex-combatants need an ox and a chain for that ox-plough; • Some of the smaller tools are broken, lost or stolen; • Opinion is expressed that they should have received more tools. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 73 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Attendance LOCATION(state, county, payam, boma) Cueibet County, Commissioners’ Compound Dates 30 June – 5 July 2014 Book keeping, Production, Marketing and TRAINING TYPES sale, Crop rotation, Transplanting # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 3 XCs attended. Individual Information Redacted for Printing. 5.7 State Training Lessons Learned The state-level training activities covered 270 (93%) of the ex-combatants, and 129 community members and overall can be considered a major success of South Sudan’s DDR Program. However, as this project is a pilot, the Consultant kept a constant eye to areas where lessons could be learned and improvements made in future DDR programming in South Sudan. The training teams faced numerous challenges, which should be addressed during the planning stage of the future DDR activities in South Sudan. Resolving the issues listed in this chapter will facilitate smooth operation of field training activities, follow-up visits, and vocational training arrangements as well as more effective cooperation among and within the training teams. This section outlines the most significant constraints that the training teams faced while in the field. The challenges and ways of addressing them are covered in detail in Appendix 2 of this report. Timing of training The Phase II activities, after being rescheduled several times for reasons outside of Client’s or Consultant’s control, started at a time when most of the population of South Sudan is busy in their fields and backyards cultivating crops, because mid-May is usually the start of the rainy season, which then ends in October. Also, the rainy season in South Sudan is the time when many of the roads, especially regional roads, are in extremely bad condition and sometimes unpassable, which makes it difficult for (i) the training teams to travel to the training locations from the state capital and (ii) the ex-combatants to travel to the training locations from their payams and bomas. Literacy/Numeracy Even basic level of literacy and numeracy among the ex-combatants cannot be considered as a given for project planning purposes. The training teams, while in field conditions, had to sometimes redesign the previously developed curricula to turn them into more visual and to include additional modules on literacy and numeracy. 74 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Expectations Many of the ex-combatants were expecting the training teams: • To bring their salaries, which were sometimes not paid for a few months; • To pay them money for coming to the training; • To provide food and accommodation; and • To provide more tools. Mindset Many ex-combatants, unfortunately, did not overcome the habit of receiving instructions, salary, clothing etc. This affects their ability to make adequate decisions in financially planning their small businesses. Even the ex-combatants who have relatively successful business operations have a hard time realizing that the revenues they get need to be partially reinvested, otherwise the business will slowly decline and at some point stop making revenues. Information The Government of South Sudan, in cooperation with international donors, offers various and numerous opportunities for its population to receive assistance in supporting their livelihood. For example, the Ministry of Agriculture can provide tractor services, fencing, seeds etc. Other ministries also have different support programs. Unfortunately, the ex-combatants in most cases have no knowledge of such programs and have to only rely on themselves, their families and NDDRC in their reintegration into the society and financially supporting themselves in their day-to- day lives. High mobility Many ex-combatants have a tendency to move a lot within their state or even within the region, which makes it difficult for the training teams to plan their participation in the training sessions before they are actually contacted and commit to attending the training in one of the locations. Alcohol Unfortunately, alcohol abuse is a constraining factor in DDR activities, because it seriously limits the ability of the training teams to successfully deliver the knowledge and reintegration concept to the ex-combatants. The ex-combatants who have a drinking problem often do not accept the very existence of this problem and are not willing to join forces with other ex-combatants and community members in forming cooperatives. Cooperative registration The efforts of both the Government of South Sudan and this Pilot DDR Project are largely targeted at stimulating the formation of cooperatives, which is both (i) a great reintegration tool for the ex- Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 75 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component combatants and (ii) a way for society to collectively support its members by sharing the tools, knowledge, experience etc. Both Phase I and Phase II of this Pilot DDR project promoted the idea of cooperatives among the ex-combatants, but it became obvious during the Phase II follow-up visits, that, although many ex- combatants accepted the idea of cooperatives being one of the best ways to improves their lives, they only organized themselves and community members on the basis of verbal agreements. The cooperative operations witnessed by the training teams were all not registered with the state. This is partially because they did not have enough procedural knowledge and were not willing to pay the state registration fees, which is approximately SSP 650 (approximately USD 206 at the official exchange rate). Land While some groups of ex-combatants received assistance from NDDRC in receiving and registering land plots, land is generally a problem, because most of the ex-combatants still do not have land for starting their own business. Many have agricultural land but no land in a location conducive to small business use. The government does have some land to offer, but this land is usually located in unfavorable locations difficult to cultivate in (e.g. water is not available). Obtaining a land plot in urban areas is especially difficult. Training venues The training teams had to spend significant amount of time at each training location looking for a suitable training venue and negotiating the terms of use. In most cases, they were able to successfully arrange the venues, but at the cost of the time that could potentially be used for reaching out to/training ex-combatants. Start-up kits The training teams also collected feedback on the use and status of the start-up kits by the ex- combatants. This detailed feedback is compiled in the attached Livelihoods Start-up Kit Report, however it is of note that the proper alignment of start-up kit materials to needs, and knowledge in their use is an important part of the XCs potential success. 76 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 6. Technical Skills Extension Apart from the core task of providing the ex-combatants with the follow-up visits and to monitor their reintegration progress, Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project was designed to deliver additional assistance to supplement the strengthened business skills with activities targeted at building additional capacity of the ex-combatant in his/her particular previously picked reintegration field. This assistance was provided as supplementary training, some of which was integrated in the core activities of the Project such as agriculture trainings which reached out to all the ex-combatants in the particular reintegration field. For the other reintegration fields, ex-combatants had a choice whether to attend additional structured training or not. The Technical Skills Extension included (i) agricultural extension visits, (ii) vocation expert visits and (iii) targeted vocational trainings. 6.1 Agricultural Extension Visits The agricultural extension training was an integrated part of the Phase II state-based trainings as outlined above. The training was provided to all the agricultural ex-combatants by Ministry of Agriculture Extension Workers in coordination with the follow-up entrepreneurship, cooperatives and financial literacy training provided by the teams of state managers and ICRS caseworkers.The South Sudan Ministry of Agriculture extension workers were made part of the state-level training teams and available to provide training in agriculture to all the ex-combatants reached in the four participating states. Similar to the business training teams, the agriculture extension workers attended a Training of Trainers at the start of Phase II. The details of the agricultural extension training can be found in the “Project Preparation” chapter of this report, covering the Agricultural Training of Trainers as well as in the Training of Trainers curriculum and handbook developed by the international agricultural expert and submitted separately with this report. Within Phase II of the South Sudan Pilot DDR Project, the agricultural extension training was delivered to 119 ex-combatant out of the original 129 people who chose agriculture as their field of reintegration. In addition, because the extension workers were travelling together with the Phase II training teams, the agricultural extension training was available for the ex-combatants of other reintegration fields to attend, provided that it did not interfere with their core training following a non-objection of the state manager. The number of additionally trained ex-combatants was not recorded as no separate attendance sheet policy was introduced for them. 6.2 Vocational Expert Visits The expert visits became one of the Phase II components that were arranged and administered by the National DDR commission. This track gave the ex-combatants of non-agriculture reintegration Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 77 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component fields the opportunity to receive a visit by an experienced professional with proven skills in their respective field. The expert visits were not mandatory and the ex-combatants were free to decide if they wanted to participate in this sub-component or not. The reach or this activity was also limited by availability of experts in locations close to those of the corresponding ex-combatants and other options chosen by the ex-combatants (see “Additional Assistance” section below). Additionally, the majority of the population was busy cultivating. Although having potential, this component needs careful state-level pre-planning in order to be successfully implemented. With proper logistical support and coordination, the National DDR Commission, in cooperation with small business representatives and training facilities, will be able to provide the ex-combatants in all the states with expert visits that will benefit their reintegration. In the absence of the above, the expert visits were limited to 1 welding expert, who visited the states of Western Bahr el-Ghazal, Warrap and Lakes and mentored the ex-combatants of welding reintegration field residing in those states. 6.3 Targeted Vocational Training At the request of the NDDRC the project was asked to incorporate targeted vocational training in phase II for those ex-combatants that did not receive sufficient vocational training at the Mapel Transitional Facility. Specifically, the ex-combatants that had chosen the auto-mechanic/driving vocational track were deemed to be in need of additional training. To provide this additional training the Consultant worked with local vocational skills training entities. South Sudan has a number of professional training facilities which provide both basic and in-depth professional training. Some of them are multi-functional and provide training in various professions, while others are single profession training centers, e.g. driving school, which assist students with both training and also help them receive their driving licenses.The auto ex-combatants in each state was informed of the training options and the results of the targeted vocational training accomplished by the National DDR Commission are presented in the table below6. Type of training No. of beneficiaries Driving school 52 Auto-mechanics training 2 Some of the above training was supplemented by additional assistance that is described in the chapter below. 6 Information obtained from the NDDRC 78 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 7. Additional Assistance Although most of the components and sub-components of the Phase II were thoughtfully and thoroughly planned in advance, there were instances where this Project was able to assist the ex- combatants’ reintegration by providing assistance as needs and opportunities arose. These activities were minor in terms of the size of the Project, but ended up being extremely valuable to (i) boost the ex-combatants’ trust in the DDR Program, (ii) ensure their trust in NDDRC as an organization and (iii) set a foundation for their further progress in building their livelihood in the communities of return under the modern society-driven and market-based rules. 7.1 Land Registration South Sudan, being a country of sizeable area, makes land plots available to certain groups of citizens free of charge, including ex-combatants, provided that they organize themselves into partnerships or cooperatives. The National DDR Commission’s state-level offices assist the ex- combatants in utilizing this opportunity and registering for a land plot. The state NDDRC offices make this information available to the ex-combatants on a regular basis and provide assistance to the ex-combatants in following all the formal procedures associated with this opportunity. To date, four land plots were officially registered under the names of ex-combatant-organized cooperatives in the counties of Wau and Tonj in the state of Western Bahr el-Ghazal. The Phase II Pilot DDR Project contributed by covering the registration fees for these four plots of land. 7.2 Cooperative registration The government of South Sudan encourages cooperatives by providing through various ministries, numerous opportunities to registered cooperatives, e.g. tractor lease, subsidized seeds etc., but very often financial illiteracy prevents people (not just ex-combatants) from registering a cooperative, and when they do go all the way – the registration fee becomes the final obstacle that they, even collectively, cannot overcome. This Project contributed by paying the cooperative registration fee for a cooperative of 10 ex-combatants and numerous community members in Marial Bai, Western Bahr el-Ghazal. 7.3 Driving licenses and medical tests. As outlined above the ex-combatants who chose the automotive track were provided supplementary vocational training by being enrolled in the state-run driving school. Here they were able to obtain the necessary skills that would result in them receiving the official driver’s license, enabling them to launch a career in driving. In order to receive a driver’s license a medical examination and license issuance fee was required. Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project financed these mandatory medical examinations as well as official license issuance fees for all the ex- combatants who attended the driving schools. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 79 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 7.4 Timber supply Some ex-combatants were not interested in additional skills training, stating that they have all the necessary skills, and their start-up kit however, they had a shortage of raw materials to successfully run their business, i.e. timber. Following the above, the National DDR Commission, within Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project, procured timber through the line ministry for 5 ex-combatants, who chose to forego the expert visits and suggested this as an alternative. 80 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 8. Recommendations and way forward The lessons learned presented here are envisaged to act as a major tool in the process of designing the projected future DDR activities in the Republic of South Sudan. Therefore, they are presented in this Final Report (i) as separate sections outlining the major challenges as well as ways of addressing them, and (ii) as Appendix 2 to the report, incorporating both major and minor lessons learned of this Pilot Reintegration Project. Lessons learned include challenges and recommendations of every component of this Phase II of the Pilot reintegration (Project preparation, Training of Trainers, state-level training) as well as recommendations on modification of the start-up kit component, which was a part of the Phase I activities. A basic theme of the Lessons Learned from the livelihoods component is that all parts of the Project (starting from Project preparation and up to the follow-up training) should be carefully planned to the last detail. At the planning stage, advice should be sought from the local authorities, NDDRC HQ and state offices, ex-combatant leaders, and other parties that can potentially contribute to smooth flow of the DDR activities in South Sudan. Additionally, several important factors should be considered during the planning stage of any community-aimed project in South Sudan, because ignoring them may result in challenges during the project’s implementation stage, which can be negative experience for both the implementing party and the beneficiary. Some of these factors are: • Rainy season start and finish; • Language/dialect for each state/region; • Road conditions/transportation; • Ex-combatants’ expectations/mindset; • Literacy/numeracy levels in different parts of the country; • Current small business trends in various states; • Significant difference in prices for the same products in different states. This section of the Report provides general recommendations to further develop the structure of South Sudan’s DDR Program to better suit the current situation in the country, existing challenges, constraints and bottlenecks. It is the Consultant’s opinion that following these recommendations will allow the NDDRC to not only smoothen the existing design of DDR Program, but also to further improve some of its key aspects. Besides these recommendations and the lessons learned within this Phase II, it is very important that continuity be maintained throughout the whole South Sudan’s DDR Program. This specifically involves continuity within the National DDR Commission’s implementation team, because the knowledge collected within the NDDRC during the 2 phases of this Pilot can be invaluable when the program scales up to include increased numbers of ex-combatants in more states. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 81 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 8.1 Project Preparation The planning stage is crucial for success and sufficient time should be allocated to plan all stages of the Project in detail. The knowledge accumulated by the TDRP, NDDRC and UNICON during this Pilot allows to collectively design a potential DDR Program which may become more effective and efficient. This will be especially useful if the number of participating states and ex-combatants rises. Careful planning is needed from the very beginning and for all stages of the DDR Program. The plan needs to be as detailed as possible, but at the same time as flexible as possible, to accommodate any unforeseen circumstances along the way. Special attention at the planning stage should be given to the following areas: • Budgeting The budget for all the DDR activities should be planned at the earliest possible stage, using the current costs obtained from all the participating states (the prices may vary greatly from state to state). • Timing Each stage of the project needs to be planned in accordance with South Sudan’s dry/rain season pattern and other potential time constraining factors, e.g. holidays, training centers availability etc. • Logistics Various logistical tasks should be handled with great attention. This includes logistics of (i) start-up kit procurement, (ii) training team travel7, (iii) ex-combatant travel and (iv) possible food and accommodation for the ex-combatants. 8.1.1 Vocational options The feedback and information collected during Phase II of the Pilot DDR project suggests that some of the vocations/reintegration fields do not necessarily bring substantial value to the ex- combatants in terms of potential income in their particular locations of return. It is recommended by the Consultant that the vocations are carefully revised and reduced in number, which (i) will allow easier further planning and (ii) ensure that the ex-combatants are trained in a profession that has a high likelihood of bringing them stable income. Within this Project, most of the ex-combatants did not appear to have made an informed decision of their field of reintegration and their choice was excitement-driven rather than pragmatic. There should be preparatory work done in all the participating states to identify the existing short-term and medium-term need for professions so that the ex-combatants can be informed of that at the time of making a choice of their reintegration field. 7 Especially so in light of UNMISS flights being unavailable to the NDDRC as of July 2014. 82 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Considering the fact that South Sudan is predominantly agricultural country as well as having carefully analyzed the original eight fields of reintegration and their marketability in the participating states, the following steps are recommended for consideration in designing a future DDR program: • Provide agricultural/animal husbandry training to all the participating ex-combatants, because these are the fields the ex-combatants are most likely to succeed in.; • Reduce the number of reintegration fields (and correlated start-up kits) to: o Agriculture; o Animal husbandry; o Carpentry; o Auto-mechanics. • Depending on their community of return, provide the ex-combatants with recommendations on the reintegration field, which will have a better chance of providing them with a stable source of income. The above recommendations are also supported by the results of numerous studies and reports on DDR activities in northern Africa.8 8.1.2 Start-up kit design According to the information collected during the follow-up visits to the various payams in the participating states, the local markets do not lack basic tools for any of the start-up kit types used in this Pilot DDR Project. It is, however, difficult to find more complicated and/or expensive tools and materials. Since numerous complaints were received, it is suggested to involve the representatives of the ex- combatants in the start-up kit design process so that they can make their suggestions on the composition of the start-up kits. The main recommendations on the start-up kit composition are the following: • Agriculture The Pilot start-up kit contained numerous basic tools (spades, hoes etc.) that are generally available to the ex-combatants to either buy from the local markets or to borrow from their neighbors. In addition, the ox-plough requires 2 bulls to operate, whereas the ex-combatants do not have access to any. It is suggested to revise the start-up kit composition to include fewer more substantial items, e.g. 1 bull and seeds. This will make the ex-combatants very attractive to the community members in terms of cooperative formation. • Carpentry Although minor additional consultations may be needed, the start-up kit was of acceptable 8 Assessing the Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in the Context of Instability and Informal Economies Lessons from a randomized evaluation of a Landmine Action agricultural training program for ex-combatants Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 83 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component composition, but consideration should be given to creating a system of providing the ex- combatants with timber. • Auto-mechanics Repair shops should be consulted to refine the start-up kit to be sufficient to perform most popular repair jobs for the motorcycles. • Animals With proper animal husbandry training, the existing design of the start-up kit provides the ex-combatants with the potential of creating an animal farm with a large number of goats and chicken.9 8.2 Training of Trainers As briefly covered in the Lessons Learned, there are several factors that contribute to a successful Training of Trainers program. In addition, it is essential that the experts conducting the Training of Trainers program have a chance to witness the result of their work in the field and possible introduce modifications to the program. The recommendations are as follows: • Allow 3-4 weeks for design of the TOT curriculum and training manual; • Allow 10 days in-country preparation time for the TOT expert in order to produce necessary training materials, equip the venue etc.; • Arrange for all the TOT participants to stay at the same hotel, preferably also being the TOT venue, because transit time can be unpredictable; • Conduct the Training of Trainers program for 2 weeks with half-day Saturdays and Sundays off; • Allow 1 week immediately after the Training of Trainers for the TOT expert to accompany some of the teams to their respective states, witness the launch of the state-level training and provide recommendations on improvements to all the training teams. 9 Procurement of large numbers of animals/birds locally be it bulls, goats or chicken, bears high risk of inflating the prices for those on the state, regional or even national level. 84 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 8.2.1 Hiring of trainers While the system of hiring ICRS caseworkers as business/cooperative trainers proved itself effective, the TOT expert should be able to rate the TOT participants and recommend those that meet the requirements to become state-level trainers. For that, the number of TOT participants should be higher than the number of state-level trainer positions available. This needs to be done, because it is natural that some of the ICRS caseworkers may lack motivation for this type of task as it involves extensive human interaction and a lot of travel to the regions that some might consider uncomfortable. The TOT expert will be able to identify potentially best candidates and the rest, having benefited from the training, will go back to their original duties. 8.2.2 State managers Externally hired state managers provide additional depth to the training teams and should be kept in the DDR Program in order to maintain the system of mutual quality control between the NDDRC and the implementing partner. 8.3 State-level training The state-level training process involves numerous challenges described in the corresponding section of this report. Most of the challenges can be addressed by introducing minor modifications to the reporting and budgeting approach. The recommendations are as follows: • The training should ideally finish a few weeks before the start of the cultivation period (May); • The training materials should be as visual as possible to properly address the ex- combatants’ literacy and numeracy challenges; • The goals of the DDR Program should be reiterated to the ex-combatants to avoid false expectations, rumors etc. as they can harm the overall project and create unnecessary antagonism; • The trainers should have specific knowledge and be able to advise on exact steps one should take in order to formally register a cooperative and/or a land plot; • Training venues should be agreed upon before the training teams arrive to avoid spending time to look for a place and to negotiate on the price (if any); • Extensive reporting structure should be created for all the training team members. It should include minimal writing, but a substantial about of data and yes/no questions about the ex-combatants’ DDR experience. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 85 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 8.4 Logistics DDR Program logistics, just like its budget, needs to be both detailed and flexible. Components of the DDR Program may take months to implement and, during those months, various factors may come into play and affect the originally planned approach. The changes in the plan, even minor ones, usually reflect in the logistics of the Program and all sides should be prepared to quickly react to any challenges that may arise. 8.4.1 Start-up kit procurement Sufficient time should be invested in creating a detailed procurement plan for purchasing and delivering the start-up kits. Reliable partners in South Sudan and/or other countries need to be identified and contracted. Preference should be given to single source procurement with the supplier responsible for delivering the start-up kits to each state. In case that is not possible, a transportation company will need to be hired separately. The start-up kit supplier will need to be made responsible for properly packaging each start-up kit to minimize loading/unloading efforts. The start-up kits will need to be packaged individually and ready to be given to the ex-combatant without prior re-packaging, assembling etc., because additional manipulations with the start-up kits at the time of distribution may create significant delay as the DDR program scales up. The procurement and delivery process needs to be as simple as possible. 8.4.2 State-level training If the further DDR Program is designed to keep the current approach of using several central training locations in each state, the state-level training logistics will consist of (i) training teams travel and (ii) ex-combatants travel and food, both of which are very important for the overall Project success. Training teams travel The state-level training teams consist of (i) state managers, (ii) resident ICRS caseworkers, (iii) out- of-state ICRS caseworkers, and (iv) agriculture extension workers. All of them have different financial arrangements for the state-level training process, which can potentially cause conflicts, especially so among the government employees, because the state managers in Phase II were under contract with the implementing partner and were specifically instructed not to discuss the financial side of their work with the colleagues. The recommendations for planning the training team logistics are the following: • Avoid including UN flights as means of inter-state transportation because they are not guaranteed even at times when NDDRC is able to apply for them; 86 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component • Collect the current price levels for all the participating states and set an adequate travel allowance/per diems for the government employees. The prices vary greatly from state to state and an amount sufficient for one state may not be enough for another state; • Plan the training sessions in locations where the training teams can live in acceptable conditions for several days. Ex-combatants’ travel and food While many of the ex-combatants’ expectations from the DDR program may be considered unreasonable, some basic needs should be considered/addressed when mapping out the future DDR activities in South Sudan: • One day should be allowed for the ex-combatants to arrive to the training location; • Reasonable (fixed amount) transport reimbursement should be made part of the budget; • 2 tea breaks and 1 lunch break on training days should be provided by the Project in order to make sure the ex-combatants stay in training and do not leave; • Although unlikely to happen, consideration should be given to providing the ex- combatants with accommodation for the nights between the training days. 8.5 Additional Recommendations In addition to the modifications suggested for the existing components of the South Sudan DDR Program, several new provisions are recommended by the Consultant for introduction. They will create additional motivation for the ex-combatants to develop as small business owners and to fully reintegrate into their communities. The opportunities resulting from introducing the items listed below have the potential to not only bring the ex-combatants to the level with their fellow society members, but to create leaders, who will ultimately become major employers in their communities. Demonstration farms Demonstration farms have proved to be a very effective method of practical knowledge delivery in Africa. It is recommended to design and implement a program of establishing at least one demonstration farm in each participating state with an experienced (perhaps regional) farmer in charge of the whole program and local farmers responsible for each of the state-based farms. The demonstration farms can be owned collectively by the ex-combatants with the DDR Project responsible for operating it and ensuring that the farm brings adequate revenues. The basic farming equipment can be provided within the DDR Project framework and become property of the farm, which means collective property of the ex-combatants. Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 87 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component While the details of the demonstration farm operations still need to be investigated and refined, such a sub-component will provide the ex-combatants with valuable hands-on experience in agricultural practices, while profits from the demonstration farming activities can be used for the ex- combatants’ benefits. Formal cooperatives According to the information collected during the Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project, the Government of South Sudan makes significant effort to assist the population in their self-development through various ministries, including the Ministry of Agriculture, which has the ability to (i) arrange temporary use of a tractor, (ii) provide barbwire fencing for the farms to protect them from animal, (iii) provide seeds either for free or at subsidized prices. These special arrangements, however, in many cases are only available to registered cooperatives, so that that government is certain that it helps a working group of people and this assistance can be formally accounted for. As stated in this report, most of the cooperatives formed under this Pilot DDR Project, although operating, are not properly registered. This happened because (i) the ex-combatants did not receive enough information on cooperative registration and (ii) the cost of registering a cooperative is quite high and sometimes is difficult to afford (~USD 206 per cooperative). It is therefore recommended to ensure cooperative registration fee coverage/reimbursement is included or that the fee is waived for ex-combatants in the further DDR activities in South Sudan. 88 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Appendices Appendix 1: Phase 2 Workplan Work Schedule Key Months Person 1 2 3 3 May 2014 June 2014 July 2014 August 2014 WHO ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* #! ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* #! ! " # $ % & ' ( Rustam Davletkhanov (RD) - Project Director RD 11111111111 11111111111111 Sergey Burnaev (SB) - Project Manager SB 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111 Gautam Raj Jain (GJ) - BIZ/COOP Trainer GJ 11111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 Beth Oliver (BO) - Agricultural Trainer BO 1111111111111111 Odego Angelous (OA) - Local Agricultural Counterpart OA 1111111111111111 4 State Managers SM 11 111111 1 1111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 11 Agricultural Extension workers AE 11111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 16 ICRS caseworkers CW 11 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 Management Information Expert MIE 111111 11111 111111 111111 1111 AGRICULTURAL TRAINING TOT Preparation BO/OA 10-day TOT BO/OA Field training for ex-combatants AE COOP TRAINING TOT Preparation GJ 10-day TOT GJ Field training for ex-combatants SM d Reports Project Implementation Plan SB R Weekly reports by COOP trainers SM R R R R R R R R Interim Report SB R R Draft Final Report SB R Final Report SB R DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report 89 90 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Appendix 2: Lessons Learned SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Insufficient preparation time For the future similar DDR activities – to allow Given the time constraint, the international the international expert at least 1 full week in training experts only had 10 days the country for the training material (entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial preparation.. literacy) and 3 days (agriculture) to prepare the Training of Trainers, which included material To provide the international expert with full-time modification, print/training material production, local assistance during that time. stationery purchase, instructing assistants etc. Differences in accommodation While out-of-Juba participants all stayed at the Consider including the state managers’ same hotel, which provided the training facility, accommodations in the same hotel with other many people had to travel on a daily basis, TOT Preparation TOT participants for the training days. which can be a challenge in South Sudan, especially during the rainy season. Venue location If the training happens during the rainy season While the hotel used for accommodation and – arrange with a training venue that is located training provided excellent service, it’s location along a tarmac road. was difficult to reach on the days it rained. Wi-Fi No Wi-FI internet connection in the training Give preference to the venues providing room. Inconvenient, as sometimes internet is internet connection in the training room. needed to search for TOT-related information. TOT Preparation Accommodation type Consider Full Board arrangement. UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Despite catered lunch, tea breaks and allowances, the participants’ expectation is to have breakfast included in their accommodation. Per diems Paying per diems to cover meals as people tend to not buy food and save the money. TOT materials Discuss the training materials need with the Purchasing the materials in a hurry resulted in international expert in advance and budget buys unnecessary things. accordingly. Catering and accommodation charges The training facility charged for the no-shows Plan the number of participants more precisely. because they planned for pre-arranged number of participants for both bedding and catering. UNIMSS flights Relying on UNMISS flights to bring the Consider budget allocation for commercial participants from their base states to Juba is flights. questionable, as the seats are not guaranteed until the plane takes off. Advance payment At least a 50% advance payment should be The implementing partner needs to make sure considered for all operations in South Sudan. to have enough hard currency in the country in No-prepayment options are subject to difficult order to pay the bills. negotiations. Insufficient preparation time A total of 5 weeks should be allowed for the Entrepreneurship, cooperatives & financial Training preparation had a very little time, training preparation including training manual: literacy TOT which was less than 10 days after the four weeks for the training manual preparation DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report 91 92 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Consultant arrived in Juba. It was almost and one week for the production of training impossible to prepare a well-designed and well- manual and other training materials. formatted training manual. There was hardly any time to revise the training modules and edit them before sending it for printing. Insufficient TOT duration Given the number of modules and learners’ At least 15 days training duration is needed to experience, the training duration was do the training and cover all the modules to insufficient. 10 days was hardly enough for ensure that participants practice all the key building the capacity of trainers in delivering the sessions through demonstration 13 modules. It is important to have selection process for Knowledge base trainees and selection should not be automatic. The trainees consisted of a very Only those who have potentials to be trainers heterogeneous group in terms of their should be recruited. The trainer should be knowledge base. allowed to be a part of trainees selection. Motivation The trainees were requested to attend the TOT as group and there was no selection process, It is important to have selection process for no competition. Many of them treated the TOT trainees and selection should not be automatic. as if it was their usual “going to work” routine. Only those who have potentials to be trainers Some did not have the mind-set to prove should be recruited. The trainer should be themselves further for the newer challenges as allowed to be a part of trainees selection. compared with the first set of trainers in Phase I UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Project Stage Challenge Possible solution State Managers State Managers selection was done without the State Managers should have been selected TOT trainer’s involvement. There were two through a formal selection process and giving state managers who did not have any prior this opportunities to all other trainers prove that training experience. The participation of these they could be better state managers as well as two state managers during the training was trainers. limited. UNMISS flights Four participants did not arrive because they did not make it on the UNMISS flights. The Consider budget allocation for commercial prioritization system of the UNMISS flight make flights. it possible for a person not to het on a flight even though all the paperwork has been submitted properly and on time This was not a challenge in terms of TOT Regional Languages Agricultural TOT success, but needs to be taken into account Juba Arabic and Dinka are not the only when the DDR program is extended to other languages spoken in some regions. part of the country Numeracy/Literacy More than just a couple of hours needs to be The extension workers’ literacy and numeracy allocated to concentrate on literacy and level is fairly low. This is especially true for numeracy in the future DDR activities. numeracy, as adding and multiplication become a real challenge when it comes to Training materials should be as visible as agricultural terms like area, resources etc. possible. DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report 93 94 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Agronomy Despite expectation, the extension workers’ agronomy knowledge among the participant Following as assessment, a sizeable agronomy group is inconsistent. While some people module may be needed in the agricultural showed adequate knowledge of agronomy, Training of Trainers. others needed explanations for issues that are considered very basic in agriculture Insufficient preparation time Training preparation had a very little time, A total of 5 weeks should be allowed for the which was less than 5 days after the training preparation including training manual: Consultant arrived in Juba. It was almost four weeks for the training manual preparation impossible to prepare a well-designed and well- and one week for the production of training formatted training manual. There was hardly manual and other training materials. any time to revise the training modules and edit them before sending it for printing. Agricultural TOT Insufficient TOT duration Given the number of modules and learners’ At least 10 days training duration is needed to experience, the training duration was do the training and cover all the modules to insufficient. 6-7 days was hardly enough for ensure that participants practice all the key building the capacity of trainers in delivering the sessions through demonstration 11 modules. UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Timing of training Designing further DDR activities during the dry State-level training coincided with rainy season, season (November-April), so that the ex- which means population massively cultivating combatants can enter the rainy season with and roads in bad condition. agricultural knowledge acquired. The training curricula/manuals should include Literacy/Numeracy enough materials on basic literacy/numeracy Most ex-combatant are illiterate and lack basic and ways of presenting them to the ex- knowledge of numbers/calculation. combatants visually. There should be more work performed by the State-level training Expectations trainers and the NDDRC at the very beginning - Salaries; of the future DDR activities, clearly outlining the - Money for attending the training; goals of the Project and listing specifically how - Accommodation during training; the ex-combatants are going to benefit from - Additional tool during training. this program. They should know what tangible and intangible outcomes to expect. The current curriculum has all the necessary Mentality information on the need of reinvestment, Inability to realize the need of reinvestment and financial planning and price structure. basic financial planning. This information needs to be delivered to the ex-combatants in a more straightforward way. DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report 95 96 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Project Stage Challenge Possible solution Information access 1-2 NDDRC staff should be tasked with Lack of access to information on existing creating a database of existing opportunities. government programs assisting the population This database will need to be regularly updated through various ministries. to reflect any changes. There should be a system created for updating High Mobility the ex-combatatns’ current location. A new The ex-combatants often move either within version of the database should ne circulated their state or from one state to another. every 3 months. Cooperative/land registration For the future DDR activities, consideration State-level training Registration procedures involve official should be given to arranging the land registration fees and it is in most cases the cost registration and cooperative registration is unbearable for the ex-combatants. payments. Training venues Attempts should be made to arrange the Arranging training venues in the statewide training locations and training venue via local locations can be time consuming, which is not NDDRC offices and state governments before the best way of utilizing the training teams’ the activities start. time. The start-up kit composition should be revised Start-up kit composition in accordance with recommendations Numerous complaints received on start-up kits presented in this report and using advice of ex- being not very useful on various parameters. combatant representatives, ministries, training facilities etc. UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Appendix 3: TOT Feedback Forms Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 97 UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component 98 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support UNICON Limited World Bank | South Sudan | DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Consultancy to Implement the Livelihoods Support Component Appendix 4: XC Personal Form Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 99 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex A PHASE 1 FINAL REPORT Prepared for: World Bank & NDDRC DECEMBER 2013 Abbreviations / Glossary BCSSAC Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control CAR Central African Republic CBO Community Based Organisations CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement DAC Development Assistance Committee DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DFID Department for International Development FARM Food, Agribusiness and Rural Markets Programme FFTIG Food for Training and Income Generation Programme GIZ German International Cooperation Services GOS Government of Sudan GoSS Government of South Sudan ICRS Information, Counselling and Referral Services IDP Internally Displaced Person ILO International Labour Organization IOM International Organisation for Migration IP Implementing Partner MASS Microfinance Association of South Sudan MoDVA Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs MoHE Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NDDRC National Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Committee NDDRP National DDR Programme NOF National Organized Forces NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PIP Project Implementation Plan SDG Sudanese Pound SPLA Sudan People’s Liberation Army SSAF South Sudan Armed Forces SSDDRC South Sudan DDR Commission SSDDT Security Sector Development and Defence Transformation Programme SSDF South Sudan Defence Forces SSDM South Sudan Democratic Movement SSLA South Sudan Liberation Army SSLM South Sudan Liberation Movement SSNPS South Sudan National Police Service SSPS South Sudan Police Service 2 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support SSR Security Sector Reform SSRDF South Sudan Reconstruction and Development Fund SSRRC South Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission SSUM/A South Sudan Unity Movement/Army SSWDWO South Sudan National Commission for War Disabled, Widows and Orphans SSWVC South Sudan War Veterans Commission UNDP United Nations Development Program UNMISS United Nations Mission to South Sudan USAID United States Agency for International Development WAAF Women Associated with Armed Forces WB World Bank XC Ex-combatants Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 !"#$%#$&' ' 1.! Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 6! 1.1.! Trainings ........................................................................................................................................... 6! 1.2.! Start-up Toolkits ............................................................................................................................... 8! 1.3.! Lessons Learned ............................................................................................................................ 10! 2.! Entrepreneurship Training at Mapel Transition Facility ....................................................................... 11! 2.1.! Need Assessment and Challenges in Training of Ex-combatants .................................................. 11! 2.1.1.! Training Needs ........................................................................................................................... 11! 2.1.2.! Possible Constraints ................................................................................................................... 12! 2.2.! Recruitment of Trainers .................................................................................................................. 12! 2.3.! Training Modules and Curriculum for Ex-combatants .................................................................... 13! 2.4.! Training Process ............................................................................................................................. 13! 2.5.! Modules, Learning Goals and Methodology ................................................................................... 14! 2.6.! Training Manual .............................................................................................................................. 24! 2.6.1.! Content and approach ................................................................................................................ 24! 2.6.2.! Application and Benefits of Training Manual .............................................................................. 25! 2.6.3.! Validation .................................................................................................................................... 25! 2.7.! Training of Trainers (TOT) in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship, and Cooperatives ................. 26! 2.7.1.! Challenges of Training of Trainers.............................................................................................. 26! 2.7.2.! Capacity Building of Trainers at Mapel Transition Facility .......................................................... 27! 2.7.3.! Evaluation of Training of Trainers ............................................................................................... 28! 2.8.! Training of Ex-combatants in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship, and Cooperatives ................. 30! 2.8.1.! Management and Leadership ..................................................................................................... 30! 2.8.2.! Training Management Systems .................................................................................................. 32! 2.8.3.! Situational Constraints and Leadership for Change ................................................................... 33! 2.8.4.! Training for Ex-combatants......................................................................................................... 34! 2.8.5.! Sample of Business Plan of cooperative and Individual Business ............................................. 37! 2.8.6.! Evaluation of Training ................................................................................................................. 39! 3.! State Level Trainings........................................................................................................................... 41! 3.1.! Objectives of State Level Reintegration Livelihoods Support ......................................................... 41! 3.2.! Framework of Activities at State Level ........................................................................................... 41! 3.3.! State-Based Training and Curriculum ............................................................................................ 42! 3.4.! Implementation of Trainings at State level ..................................................................................... 44! 3.4.1.! Trainings in Warrap State ........................................................................................................... 44! 3.4.2.! Trainings in Lakes State ............................................................................................................. 48! 3.4.3.! Trainings in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State ................................................................................ 50! 4 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 3.4.4.! Trainings in Western Bahr el Ghazal State................................................................................. 52! 4.! Livelihoods Start-Up Kits ..................................................................................................................... 56! 5.! Summary and Lessons Learned ......................................................................................................... 57! Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 Executive Summary 1.1. Trainings Under Training Component, we have two types of trainings – (i) Entrepreneurship Training at Mapel Transition Facility; and (ii) In-State Livelihoods Trainings. Entrepreneurship Training at Mapel Transition Facility commenced on 28 July 2013, upon arrival of our international training expert to Juba. The following activities and outputs have been achieved: 1) Selection of 10 Trainers for conducting training for ex-combatants at Mapel and follow up and state level training 2) Curriculum and Training module addressing the needs and issues of ex-combatants in their reintegration process through setting up small enterprises as individual, partnership or cooperatives 3) Development of Training of Trainer Manual as a guide for training ex-combatants in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives for creating small enterprises based on their technical skills sets 4) Training of 10 trainers for conducting training in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives at Mapel 5) Mentoring 10 trainers for training of further 290 ex-combatants in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives at Mapel 6) Preparation of a note on the framework of follow up support and state level Training for ex-combatants during the process of reintegration with their community from 23 September to 13 November 2013 The above activities were completed while dealing with several constraints and unexpected events. Most activities were highly interdependent in nature. These were owing to the fact that the preparatory phase and implementation phase were tied together. All the activities performed by the Consultant received high level of appreciation by the stakeholders. These includes TOT manual which had passed stringent standards of the World Bank, TOT was rated very high by the trainers, and ex-combatants have experienced visible benefits of training imparted by the trainers. The Consultant made a significant contribution in capacity building in technical areas (Curriculum and Training Manual) and human resources development (training of trainers) to DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan. The 6 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support resources could be further developed with new dimensions as the ex-combatants respond positively to reintegration support services and training. In-State Livelihood Trainings commenced on 23 September 2013 with mobilization of our State Managers and Trainers to States. Overall, we had 4 State Managers and 8 Trainers covering four States, which included 290 ex-combatants and unfixed number of community members willing to join livelihood trainings. In Warrap State, 70 ex-combatants (out of 75 in total) have received trainings. In addition to ex- combatants, 34 community members have also benefited from these trainings by active participation. In Lakes State, trainings covered all of 93 participating ex-combatants and 29 community members. Some of the ex-combatants participated in trainings more than once – some two times and some even three times. In Northern Bahr el Ghazal, all 30 ex-combatants have been covered with trainings. In addition to ex-combatants, trainings also covered 108 community members. Some of the ex-combatants and community members visited trainings more than one time showing their deep interest in new skills. In Western Bahr el Ghazal State, only 60 (out of 92 participating ex-combatants in this pilot) have been covered. The main reason for small coverage of ex-combatants is weather conditions that made some of the areas inaccessible. In addition to ex-combatants, 113 community members were also covered in trainings. Overall, 253 XCs have been covered in In-State trainings, which is an 88% coverage of all XCs in the pilot. In addition to XCs, 284 community members have also attended In-State Trainings. In total, In-State trainings have covered 537 people in four States. Below is the summary of participation in In-State trainings by State: State XCs CMs Total Warrap State 70 34 104 Lakes State 93 29 122 Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 30 108 138 Western Bahr el Ghazal State 60 113 173 Total 253 284 537 Table below illustrates coverage of ex-combatants in each State in percentage to total number of participating ex-combatants in this pilot: Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 State XCs XCs in % covered pilot covered Warrap State 70 75 93% Lakes State 93 93 100% Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 30 30 100% Western Bahr el Ghazal State 60 92 65% Total 253 290 88% 1.2. Start-up Toolkits The selection of tools for the different kits followed a process that aimed at ensuring standards and prioritized relevance of tools to the specific profession. The Consultant has approached Ministry of Labour for guidance and, at the direction of the Department of Vocational Training, the project cooperated with the Ministry’s Multipurpose Training Centre (MTC) in Juba and Wau. The MTC is a public institution that was established in 1973 and, with the exception of trainings in agriculture and animal husbandry, has been providing vocational training in all the areas that featured in the Mapel Transition Facility. MTC is responsible for setting nation training policies and standards. The Juba MTC office provided the first draft of standard list of equipment that would be required for the various skills. The list was then referred to the Wau MTC to ensure the relevance of the kits to the region – the project area. At the same time, the list was also shared with the Juba based UNESCO DDR Vocational Training Specialist and Programme Coordinating Officer for their appraisal. Parallel to the distribution, the UNSECO vocational trainers in Mapel were requested to compile a list of essential tools for each skill. The latter exercise was necessary so as to allow the project to identify and sequentially prioritize the tools essential for starting a trade. It was also required to prepare for eventualities where kit prices are over-priced and adjusting the list to correspond to the set budget becomes necessary without critically affecting the potential to launch the ventures. For the agricultural and animal husbandry kits, the project approached FAO and ILO for seek advice and possible list of items. ILO already had a direct experience in the distribution of such kits in the project area. The specialized vocational trainers in Mapel were also requested to prepare their respective lists. The same process was followed when preparing the final packaging of the two kits; the UNESCO vocational trainer played an essential role when determining the specification of inputs and seeds types that suited the region. A comprehensive portfolio of start-up kits was then presented to NDDRC Senior Management for their consideration and approval. As a result, some important adjustments were introduced, especially so to the welding and auto-mechanic kits. The list was shared and approved by the World Bank. 8 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support The Request for Quotations (RFQ) was finalized and issued on 12 September 2013. Bids were opened and evaluated on 20 September 2013. Following long discussions and evaluations of bids, Consultant has proposed a re-adjusted list of goods per Toolkit, which was subsequently approved by NDDRC and World Bank. On 1 October 2013, contracts with suppliers were signed. UNICON has approached 66 organizations from the region to participate in bids submission for these toolkits. Of these, 16 organizations from South Sudan, Kenya, and Uganda have submitted their bids. This covers mostly all of the potential suppliers in the region that operate in this market and we were able to provide a full picture of the market and its players. At the end, two organizations were contracted to supply goods – one from Kenya and one from South Sudan. The toolkits were supplied by two organizations – NZOU (South Sudan) and Dryland Seed (Kenya). Toolkits supplied were of good quality and reached final beneficiaries in same good quality. Most of the toolkits originated from Europe and some of them from China. The agriculture components that were supplied by Dryland Seed are produced by Dryland itself since they are also producers of agriculture goods (seeds and some of the hardware). Trojan Enterprises was selected to transport goods from Juba to States, delivery conditions were also agreed upon. In particular, Trojan Enterprises has agreed that each truck will spend 48 hours in each location (i.e. 4 capitals of States) free of charge. After 48 hours, it has to move to next destination. The Consultant, World Bank, and NDDRC have agreed that distribution will last during these 48 hours in each location. Public campaign to inform ex-combatants of the arrival of trucks will be done by NDDRC. When the truck arrives to a location, representatives of (i) NDDRC; (ii) World Bank; and (iii) Consultant would jointly distribute toolkits to ex-combatants who have arrived for collection. UNMISS representatives also attended distribution in each of the four locations. Transportation of ex-combatants from their home locations to State capitals, where Trojan trucks were stationed for distribution, was carried out by NDDRC with World Bank support. NDDRC then have assisted ex-combatants to get their toolkits back home due to their heavy weight and volume. Distribution in Lakes State was carried out from 31 October (mid-day) to 2 November 2013 (mid-day). The total number of ex-combatants in Rumbek to receive toolkits was 93. However, due to major floods in Lakes State, a big portion of participating ex-combatants were not reachable for distribution within this time frame. Therefore, of 93 ex-combatants in total, only 50 toolkits were distributed to ex-combatants as of the moment of report preparation with 43 being left at NDDRC premises for later distribution once weather conditions allow. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 Distribution in Western Bahr el Ghazal State was carried out during 1 and 2 November 2013. There are 92 ex-combatants in Western Bahr el Ghazal. During distribution, 88 toolkits have been distributed and only 4 were remaining with NDDRC for further distribution, as of the date of report preparation. Of these 4 uncollected toolkits, 2 beneficiaries are currently in prison and the toolkits will be awaiting for their return home. Distribution in Warrap State was carried out from 4 to 6 November 2013. The total number of ex-combatants from Warrap is 75, of which 71 have successfully received their toolkits. Only 4 uncollected toolkits were remaining as of the moment of report preparation. The Consultant has distributed toolkits from 4 to 5 November, and then assigned toolkits to NDDRC. However, the Consultant, together with World Bank representative, have decided to stay in Kuajok during 6 November as well to assist NDDRC in their further distribution of toolkits on that day. Distribution in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State was carried out on 5 November 2013. Total number of ex-combatants in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State is 30. Due to successful initial orientation visit, the local team of UNICON and DDR officials were able to successfully distribute all 30 toolkits within 1 day of distribution. This State had 100% coverage on Day 1. Table below illustrates distribution of toolkits to ex-combatants in percentage to total number of participating ex-combatants in the pilot: State XCs XCs in % covered pilot covered Warrap State 71 75 95% Lakes State* 50 93 54% Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 30 30 100% Western Bahr el Ghazal State 88 92 96% Total 239 290 82% * Major floods in Lakes State did not allow Consultant & NDDRC to approach big number of ex- combatants since roads were completely inaccessible. However, these toolkits will be distributed to the remaining number of ex-combatants once roads would become accessible. 1.3. Lessons Learned This pilot has provided all parties (Consultant, NDDRC, World Bank) significant number of lessons learned which are described at the end of this report, in Section “Summary and Lessons Learned”. Lessons include trainings provision, toolkits composition, toolkits procurement and distribution, as well as feedback from ex-combatants. This provides valuable information to structure future activities taking these lessons into account. 10 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support () Entrepreneurship Training at Mapel Transition Facility 2.1. Need Assessment and Challenges in Training of Ex-combatants Since the final beneficiaries were ex-combatants who were undergoing vocational training in eight skills areas at Mapel Transition Facility, it was therefore important to identify and assess the needs and constraints in training ex-combatant for entrepreneurship and cooperatives. A series of meetings were held with the people who had interacted extensively with the ex- combatants. These people represented NDDRC in Juba, UNMISS, UNESCO and BICC Technical Adviser. 2.1.1. Training Needs Our training needs assessment has identified the following: 1) Most ex-combatants were illiterate which posed serious challenges on the selection of learning methods 2) The ex-combatants could speak mainly two languages Dinka and /or Juba Arabic 3) Limited numerical skills – very few could count up to 100 but they may not be aware of addition, subtraction and division for different level of computation in business transaction 4) Also weak in dealing with money and currency in buying and selling transactions 5) Attitude toward saving was not favourable as most of them would spend their salaries in a day or two on the items of non-priorities of family and community life 6) They have been away from civilian life for a long time – therefore may not be aware of challenges in dealing with civilian attitudes and business transactions 7) Unaware of potentials in business and possible opportunities based on technical skills that they had acquired 8) Lack adequate motivation to seek business careers as they were not aware of the potentials in business 9) As they have been away for a long time for their military jobs, they lack exposure to business operations and traits or behavioural qualities of a business person 10) Lack confidence in dealing with trade and commercial activities for example, complex accounting computation, legal processes, dealing with consumers and sale and marketing activities 11) Unaware of their own potentials and positive qualities which can be a useful resources in entrepreneurship 12) Lack knowledge and skills in business start-up and business management 13) Experience socio-cultural barriers to entrepreneurship and commercial activities It was considered most feasible if the ex-combatants are largely prepared for start-up of cooperatives with community participation or as business start-up as partnership in the relevant technical skills areas. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 2.1.2. Possible Constraints In addition to the above needs for ex-combatants in livelihood training, the following challenges were identified during training at Mapel Transition Facility: 1) Relative to theoretical and classroom teaching, trainees are confirmed to appreciate practical training involving small groups, game, exercise and role plays 2) It has also been confirmed that they cannot attend long hours of training and normally their concentration level and focus declines considerably after 3 to 4 hours 3) Training classroom have limited facilities in terms of teaching aids like LCD projectors, computers, white or black boards, and table and chairs 4) Meals are not served on time and this delay may disturb classes 5) As the ex-combatants reside at Mapel with barely minimum living facilities, most of them keep falling sick which may also have negative impact on training 2.2. Recruitment of Trainers 10 trainers were required to be recruited to conduct training for ex-combatants due to language barriers. All the recruited trainers were subject to a 10-day Training of Trainers in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship and Cooperatives. The TOT was conducted by the Training specialist with technical support from two NGOs – BRAC and CRADA. UNICON’s Lead Training Expert has interviewed over 40 candidates for training positions, of which 15 candidates were shortlisted and these 15 candidates were included in our pool. The major criterion for short listing was the knowledge of Dinka and /or Juba Arabic. Given the time constraints, it was not possible to attract people who had experience in trainings (especially in entrepreneurship and cooperatives) or who had experience in teaching illiterate people. However, UNICON made an attempt to covert these trainers who had no prior training experience as effective trainers in entrepreneurship, financial literacy, and cooperatives for training a group of illiterate people through 10 days of trainings. The trainers selection was therefore largely based on their abilities to learn quickly and have abilities of personal efficacy (a concept of toe effective in uncertain situation) quality. Within one week time, the following consultants were engaged by NGO CRADA upon UNICON’s Lead Training Consultant approval: List of Trainers for TOT SN Name Email Mobile Phone 1 Biar Abraham Dhieu dhierbiara@yahoo.com 092 7310726 2 John Gbazamangi Johnsam22@yahoo.com 0917175095 3 Adire Simon Deng adiersdeng@yahoo.com 0954540794 4 Lodiong John Duku lodiongjohn@gmail.com 0927760038; 0977160038 5 Puot Jacob Kir jkirdg@gmail.com 0928014044 12 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 6 Kanybil Noon noonkanybil@yahoo.com 0955000279 7 Deng James Manyok djamesmanyok@yahoo.com 0955421349 8 Job Aguer jobmayen@gmail.com 0927128628 9 Peter Kiir Chol Peterkirchol2yahoo.com 0977883933; 0912944526 10 Ghar Malual garditmalual@gmail.com 0927146077 The Team Leader made the arrangement for these trainers to travel to Wau and to Mapel along with the Training Specialist and two staff members from NGO BRAC. Out of these 10 trainers, 8 trainers were to continue to assist the project up to mid-November and 2 of them would take the role of State Coordinators for the same duration of time. 2.3. Training Modules and Curriculum for Ex-combatants In order to develop requisite modules and learning process, the following outcome and goals were set by the Consultant: 1) to prepare ex-combatants for reintegration and take up productive and gainful employment through micro-enterprises 2) to develop entrepreneurial capacities for business start-up as individual, partnership and/or cooperatives with their respective communities 3) to support 290 ex-combatants in selecting their business opportunities relevant to vocational training received by them at Mapel under UNESCO trainings 4) to develop Business skills and behavioural qualities among ex-combatants for start and manage their enterprises 2.4. Training Process Learning process involves comprehensive development approach which covers aspects that involve motivational and behavioural qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives and also key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training ensures that participants take key decisions during training pertaining to the areas such as selecting a business idea, identify key resources required to be in business, locations of businesses and other partners, etc. The training process used the following learning methods extensively: 1) Experiential learning – simulations and role plays 2) Participatory method – learning by doing 3) Visuals and illustration 4) Awareness generation – through market visit and interaction of entrepreneurs and consumers 5) Individual counselling 6) Practice sessions Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 Module Distribution Module Total No of No of hours for number of hours for Entrepreneurship hours Financial and Literacy Cooperatives Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: Expectation and 3 1 2 Commitment Module 2: Financial Literacy 10 10 Module 3: Business and Market 5 1 4 Module 4: Key activities of a Business, Cooperatives 4 3 1 Financial aspects of Business Module 5: Selecting a Business and Cooperatives 3 _ 3 Format Module 6: Steps in Starting a Business 3 3 Module 7: Business Skills Development in Cooperatives 5 3 2 Module 8: Behavioural Skills in entrepreneurship and 3 3 Cooperatives Module 9: Team Building and Management of 4 4 Cooperatives Module 10: Business Plan for setting up Cooperatives 4 2 2 Module 11: Enterprise Management: Sales and 4 4 Marketing Module 12: Enterprise Management: Purchasing 2 2 Module 13: Enterprise Management: Work Place 2 2 Management Module 14: Enterprise Management: Book-keeping 6 6 Module 15: Concluding and action Plan for setting up 2 1 1 Cooperatives TOTAL 60 27 33 2.5. Modules, Learning Goals and Methodology Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: Expectation and Commitment No. of Major Learning Goals Specific learning Goals/Activities Methods/Approach Session 1, 2, 3 Ice breaking through • Introduce participants and trainers • Exercise (3 hours) introducing overall • Clarify expectation • Presentation by goals and learning • Explain the training process participants process of Training • Set the tone for participation and • Small Group unfreezing work • Create an environment of mutual • Reflections respect and commitment for learning 14 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • A set of exercises for ice breaking designed relevant to ex-combatants’ profiles. Except for a few exercises, most of the exercises were carried out in open areas. This helped to enhance the rapport of the trainers with ex-combatants and create positive environment prior to the actual trainings • A small group has helped ex-combatants to share their expectation for the 10-days of training, as well as for trainers to clarify how the training would assist them in reintegration • Ex-combatants has also made their commitments with regard to their own activity and level of participation to make these trainings useful to them Module 2: Financial Literacy No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 4 , 5,6,7, 8, 9, To build basic a. Numbers • Visuals 10, 11, 12, 13 financial literacy – b. Addition, subtraction, and division • Role plays (10 Hours) Ex-combatants c. Use of calculator • Family d. counting cash and working out Simulation For dealing with How much spent/paid and balance • Format for key matters left financial planning or pertaining to e. collecting cash and paying the budgeting money and other balance • Exercise related transaction f. use of money – consumption, • Small group useful in business saving and investment work as well as g. Setting financials goals in • Sharing household information h. Financial planning or Budgeting i. Sources of money j. Keeping money – in hand, in Bank, in business, saving, investing k. Loans and interest and saving to pay loans l. Government regulation about money in South Sudan • Test on numbers literacy • Exercise on numbers recognition • Local Currency – counting, spending, and cash balance understanding • Exercises on computation in real life scenario (with money) – buying, calculating total value, balance • Use of money – saving, buying for consumption, buying to build assets, investments • Learning on how to use calculator for computation • A family simulation for planning consumptions, income and saving • Setting financial goals and preparing financial plans (daily, weekly, monthly) • Role play on how to keep money safely and investment for returns • Introduce to sources of funds, loans, interest (as expenditure and as income) • Sharing government regulations on money Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 Module 3: Business and Market No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals Sessions To Demonstrate a. Business activities in • Market visit Nos. 14, 15, Business and market area: Crops, animal, poultry • Presentation 16, 17, 18 market relevant to craft, services, buying and selling by ex-combatants context of areas b. Myths and belief about on their experience The visit is where ex- Business • Discussion planned combatants are c. Consumption of products on learning toward the likely to resettle and services by communities end of the d. Different types of business training activities in rural and urban areas sessions so e. How business help that community and earning a combatant respectful living can spend f. Consumers and market longer time area in the market g. Visit to cooperatives too in area the nearby area • Awareness generation about business and market • Briefing ex-combatants on what they need to observe during the visit • What questions they should ask business partners and consumers • What questions they should ask community members about these businesses in local areas • Find out how happy or unhappy business partners are and why • Find out how happy or unhappy consumers are with the products and services they get in the market • List economic activities in the areas • Find out the local resources • Find out how people use various resources to earn money • Find out businesses in the market area that help the community Module 4: Key activities of businesses, cooperatives, and financial aspects of business No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals Session no. Identify key a. Introduce to market Small group work 19, 20, 21, element of a dynamics – economic activities Visual aid 22 business and involving productions of goods and Use of format with financial services meeting the needs of pictures transaction in a consumers Illustration of business or b. Introduce cooperatives as various transaction micro-enterprise Business in a role play and family c. Nature of business activities setting: of Cooperatives 16 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support d. Variable and fixed cost in business e. What constitute a business and its different activities f. How a business makes a profit and loss g. Various transactions that run the business h. Role of capital, assets and liabilities, debtors and creditor i. Difference between needs of business and needs of family j. How businesses get resources from the community and service the community k. Saving and reinvestment in business • Listing of different types of economic activities which are based on skills, local resources and problems of the community – a broader outlook on the opportunities • Ex-combatants also list possible economic activities based on technical skills they had acquired during technical training at Mapel Transition Facility • Use of pictures/visual aids to introduce different types of cost and capital • Ex-combatants revisit their workshops and identify different types, costs, and investments related to different types of capital in the workshop • They also identify various transactions in the works which can be classified as assets and liabilities • They also identify who are debtors and creditors • They analyse how family and business can save and reinvestment for higher income and meet any eventuality in the future Module 5: Planning a career in cooperative business No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 23 , 24, 25 Appreciate and a. What it takes to start Experience by a local identify process of and run a business business people enterprise creation b. Decision for starting a (Cooperative Society from and characteristics Cooperative business for a a nearby village) of successful career Or video presentation entrepreneurs c. Steps in starting a business and Cooperative Small group work d. Qualities in entrepreneurship and Visuals of successful cooperatives business enterprises Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 • Experience sharing would help to detail how a business person makes a decision to start a particular business, what steps he takes towards it and how he works to make it a success • Ex-combatants to infer qualities of good business person which will be also demonstrated by pictures/visual aids • Ex-combatants would be assisted to decide why he/she should he start a business, how such business would benefit him/her and/or his/her family and community and the nation in general • What steps he/she needs to take to start his/her business • Make self-assessment of his/her qualities to be a successful business person Module 6: Selecting a cooperative business No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 26, 27, 28 Identify and select a. Demonstration what Individual potential, businesses – production, services counselling for opportunities in the and buying and selling selecting local context opportunities in technical skills learnt by ex-combatants b. Present a wide range of potential business activities in rural areas for setting up a cooperatives c. Counselling in selecting and developing Cooperative business Model • Host possible businesses (basket) if possible with pictures would be shared relevant to each skill set • Trainers would share how to conceptualise business based on specific technical skills, market demand and positioning with consumers • Individual counselling would be offered to select business and identify why such a business would succeed • They would decide on products and services that they would like to offer, who would be their potential consumers, how and where they would like to buy, and at what prices • Ex-combatants would be asked to go to market and meet their potential consumers, suppliers, and other business people running similar businesses • Identify their USP 18 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Module 7: Business skills development in cooperatives No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 29, 30, 31, Assess one’s own a. Goal setting A complete 32, 33 capabilities and b. Assess one’s technical and business motivation in production capacity simulation entrepreneurial c. Process of making products involving career and d. Quality assurance production to strengthen and e. Stress and pressure in marketing and develop business performing a job keep records of skills f. Improving technical skills transaction and g. Purchasing and selling calculating profit h. Computing cost and and loss in determine prices members of i. Market products and cooperatives services j. Compute profit and loss k. Analyse the reasons for profit and loss l. Setting new goals and targets m. Improving business performances • A brief of business that ex-combatants are going to conduct in class room • Ex-combatants would be taught skills of making products • Ex-combatants will create the name for business and also identify how they plan to succeed in this business • Ex-combatants will run the complete business in two cycles – first and second rounds, and if time permits, round three will be introduced • Ex-combatants will make products and sell on the market. Products may be rejected by consumers or bought • Ex-combatants will calculate total cost (variable and fixed costs) and calculate profits and losses • Ex-combatants would work under time pressure and they have to deliver both quality and quantity • Ex-combatants would analyse their lessons learned in each round and improve upon it. Finally, they would learn how they can run their businesses successfully Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 Module 8: Behavioural skills in entrepreneurship and cooperatives No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Appr Session Goals oach 34, 35, 36 Dealing with a. How people in society influence Role play civilian social expectation and performance Discussion of behaviour and b. Dealing with pressure and stress the environment and between success and failures experiences goal settings c. Self-analysis for goals setting d. Confidence building in performing a challenging task e. Principles of cooperatives • Ex-combatants will do a role play where one of them would play a role of an owner, another would be supervisor, and third would play a role of worker • They would build a wooden tower under certain constraints • They would experience the interaction during goal setting, real production, and analyse their experience • They would realise and build self confidence that they can do new tasks without much support • They would feel encouraged to take up challenges and work with concentration and hard work to succeed Module 9: Team building and cooperatives management No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 37, 38, 39, Building Team and a. Setting group goal or goal setting in A role play and 40 introduce cooperatives simulation Game cooperatives as a b. Sensing the needs of group combined potential business members and responding format c. Performing as a group and not as Sharing information an individuals on different format of d. How other people facilitate or block business the group work e. Introduce the cooperatives as a A role play for potential business format forming a f. Know difference between individual cooperative and cooperatives based enterprises g. Identify different types of Sharing information cooperatives and their business operations how a business h. Creating business opportunities for could be started cooperatives using the cooperative i. Formation process of cooperatives format and its management j. Advantages and disadvantages of Cooperatives 20 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • Working as team is critical in cooperatives where you have to recognise each other’s needs and support each other for the success of team and not for the success of individuals only • Ex-combatants would assess themselves whether they can work under constraints of team performance as it is the most critical factor for success of cooperatives • Ex-combatants would set team goal and sit in a group of 5 to perform a job • The assigned work is highly interdependent and the team can fail if one of them block in the interest of his/her own success • They would draw lessons for role play and draw implications for cooperatives • Information will be shared on legal aspects of cooperative, what kind of business ideas one needs for a cooperatives, and also process of formation of a cooperative Module 10: Business Plan for setting up a cooperative No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 41, 42, 43, Preparing a a. Key decision in start-up: Individual and 44 business plan and Location, types of business group work start up activities, products and services, consumers, equipment and other Counselling and resources, name of the business, assistance to each format of business ex-combatants b. Calculating cost of production and pricing Format of a c. Estimating fixed and business plan working capital d. Computing break-even point to decide the sales volume and price e. Projection of daily/weekly cost, stock, sales and profit/loss f. Projection of daily cash coming in and going out • Ex-combatants would work on their business ideas that they have selected in earlier sessions • They would be asked to take key decision with regard to the following: o Name of business o Location o Products and services o Consumers o Equipment and other resources they need o Estimation of costs (variable and fixed) Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 o Estimation of capital (fixed and working capital) • They would be assisted in calculating break-even points • They would be supplied a form to make their projection of production, sales, and purchases Module 11: Enterprise Management: Sales and Marketing No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 45, 46, 47, Enterprise a. Know consumers and Small group work 48 Management: where and how they want to buy Visuals and format Sales and b. How to attract consumers- Exercise marketing methods of advertising A case of a c. Consumer relationship business d. Selling methods e. Negotiating f. Credit sales g. Maintain records of daily sales • Ex-combatant would be helped to identify their consumers and know where and why they would like to buy their products • Determine how to reach to their consumers and decide how to advertise about their products and its importance to attract consumers • Practice selling techniques through role play • How to maintain consumer relationship • Negotiating a deal • Manage policy of credit sale • Maintain records of daily, weekly sales Module 12: Enterprise management: purchasing No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 49, 50 Enterprise a. Determine daily needs of supplies Small group work Management: b. Find suppliers Visuals and format Purchasing c. Negotiate prices Exercise d. Maintain records of daily/weekly A case of a purchases business • Ex-combatants would be initiated to think why they need to purchase and how they need to determine their daily and weekly needs in purchases • Purchases may involve consumption materials while other purchases may involve recurrent use of materials for a longer period 22 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • How to find out prices and suppliers • How to negotiate with suppliers and determine quality • Check quality and quantity of purchases on delivery • Maintain records of purchases and their consumption Module 13: Enterprise management: workplace management No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 51, 52, Enterprise "# How to organise the work place Small group work Management: $# Importance of keeping it clean Visuals and format Workplace and %# Reduce the time and increase Exercise Production efficiency A case of a management &# Inventory management business • How to organise workplace for efficiency and cost reduction • Planning production per market requirement • Keeping inventory for error fee production • Identify benefits of keeping workplace clean • How to keep equipment well maintained Module 14: Enterprise management: bookkeeping No. of Major Learning Specific learning Goals Methods/Approach Session Goals 53 to 58 Enterprise a. Daily stock book Small group work Management: b. Daily cash book Visuals and format Book-keeping c. Daily Sales book Exercise d. Daily purchase book A case of a e. Income and expenses book business f. Monitoring and evaluating business operation • Learning importance of record keeping • Key issues in keeping records • Key needs of record keeping • Practices for use of various formats for keeping records • Use of records for monitoring and evaluating business operations and taking corrective actions, when needed Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 Module 15: Concluding and Action Plan Session 59 and 60 An Action Plan format will be distributed and ex-combatants will be assisted in filling up the format. • Action plan may become the basis of follow up • Concluding 2.6. Training Manual 2.6.1. Content and approach A well-structured Training Manual with innovative learning methods for making a quick impact on the beneficiaries in a short period of time towards initiation of micro-small enterprises was considered most important output as part of this Pilot Project. The training manual developed by UNICON presents the analysis of training needs as well as constraints which may affect implementation of training. It explains training strategies and processes for meeting the training needs as well as responding to the constraints at three stages of training: (i) pre-training, (ii) training, and (iii) post-training. The training approach outlined in the manual clarifies that the training is not something that starts and ends in a classroom situation. All three stages are equally critical in creating desirable impact. Training manual covered session-wise plan, training contents and learning exercises for all 15 modules. The learning process adopted is based on experiential and participation methods of learning. Each module presents learning goals, activity and list of material required for delivering each module. The manual also provides detailed instruction for trainers in introducing topics and different exercises for attaining learning goals, and managing learning process through engaging participants to share their thoughts and ideas. At the end of each module, trainers are initiated to summarize learning of each module and link them with the overall learning process. Instructions for trainers also ensure continuity and relevance of learning from one module to another (transition). Most importantly, training manual has also guided trainers for development and production of learning materials relevant to context of each of the technical skills for business opportunity identification and start up processes. The manual also covered adequately learning pertaining to entrepreneurial and cooperative behavioral qualities, business skills, and process of enterprise initiation and management. The comprehensiveness of this training manual makes the Manual as a complete guide for trainers for undertaking preparatory work, conducting lessons and concluding the learning of 24 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support each module. The manual also provides Notes for Trainers to help them learn technical contents conceptually well. Training Manual also represents entire leaning materials and contents which need to be delivered to ex-combatants to establish micro-enterprises relevant to each of the technical skills for establishing their businesses as individual, partnership, or cooperative. 2.6.2. Application and Benefits of Training Manual Ten trainers who had no previous experience in training in entrepreneurship and cooperatives have delivered training to ex-combatants in 10 different classes. The manual became very handy in building self-confidence in conducting all of the 15 modules while maintaining consistency in learning across 10 classes. It played a significant role in attaining high success rate among trainers in training ex-combatants. The training manual was so designed as to incorporate diverse set of needs of different technical skills for creating different types of enterprise. For example, participants in agriculture learnt about setting up a farm house while participants from carpentry team learnt setting up a carpentry workshop as individual or cooperative business. The training manual could be adapted for small business development for different technical areas as it details out the adaptation of learning materials for each module. Modules covered in training manual were based on comprehensive development process of a person as an entrepreneur as well as to empower him/her to undertake key steps leading to start up and management of enterprise. This allowed flexibility for the trainers to offer modular training to ex-combatants and community members at state level to satisfy specialized needs of trainees. For example, trainers were able to providing trainings in Business Development in Agriculture, Business Plan for Carpentry, or even offer training in Marketing and Book-keeping for different types of business activities. The learning process detailed in the training manual draws heavily on the application of experiential and participatory learning methods and uses practical learning exercises, role plays, simulation game and small group work. Such training manual will be found very useful in development of business skills and behavioural qualities among beneficiaries even if these beneficiaries are less educated or illiterate. The training manual works as a good instructional handbook for trainers as it details out the preparatory work for each module and also provides instructions on how to start up a session and end it with lesson on learning drawn and facilitate transition from one module to another. 2.6.3. Validation The training manual was developed based on curriculum and training modules developed by the Consultant and approved by the World Bank. The training manual was subject to peer review Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 process. Based on comments received from the World Bank, adjustments were made and final version received no objection. The manual has been tested for its contents and delivery process during the training of trainers (TOT), as well as training provided to ex-combatants. Therefore, this Training Manual can be classified as a duly validated document for the use in the project in South Sudan. 2.7. Training of Trainers (TOT) in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship, and Cooperatives One of the major outputs of the Consultant’s activities under TOT was spinning out 10 well prepared trainer-motivators who were confident of providing training in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives under NDDRC’s Reintegration Project. These 10 trainers are capable of continued support to the NDDRC’s future efforts, as well as relevant Ministries of South Sudan Government in turning out micro-enterprises in different technical sectors. In addition to training for ex-combatants, these trainers are trained to deliver follow up assistance and business advisory services to ex-combatants in their reintegration process as well as to conduct relevant trainings at State level. These trainers are also equipped with entrepreneurial mind-set and have already launched Trainers’ cooperative with head office in Juba. These people would therefore be capable of creating community resources and turn their problems and needs into marketable opportunities and business model. 2.7.1. Challenges of Training of Trainers A 10-day Training of Trainers in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship and Cooperatives had commenced on 21 August 2013 and was completed on 30 August 2013. The main objective of Training of Trainers (TOT) was to prepare 10 trainers who could deliver training to ex- combatants in starting up and managing their enterprises as individual, partnership and cooperatives. The training was conducted at Mapel Transition Facility where ex-combatants were undergoing vocational training under UNESCO arrangement. The TOT learning process therefore had a distinct advantage of continuous interaction with main beneficiaries and was very helpful in modifying the learning strategy, contents and process. The TOT for turning out 10 Trainers in 10 days for delivering 15 modules to ex-combatants faced following challenges: 1) Trainers had neither previous experience in training nor experience in entrepreneurship and cooperatives. The ToT was expected to develop not only technical skills in conducting and organizing training but also in technical, behavioral and conceptual contents in entrepreneurship and cooperatives 2) The TOT was expected to attain the goal of comprehensive learning in entrepreneurship and cooperatives for developing business skills and behavioral qualities among ex-combatants who were illiterate for settling different types of businesses. These constraints posed multiple set of challenges as it had implication on the development of innovative learning methods 26 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 3) The TOT was conducted at Mapel where trainers had limited opportunity for exposure to wide range of business opportunities and business operations in different technical skill areas as individual, partnership or cooperative business models. The training could achieve very limited learning from the market visit and interaction with local entrepreneurs 4) Since main beneficiaries were illiterate, it required development of learning materials such as posters, pictures of products and processes, visuals of business operations and other learning tools. A substantial amount of time was devoted by the trainers to preparation of their individual kits with availability of limited resources and raw materials 5) Given the scope of the training and its objective, the duration of 10 days for training was too short. However, the Consultant could motivate trainers to work over 16 hours per day without taking a single day break for almost two weeks 6) Mapel Transition Facility had several limitations in terms of class rooms, learning aids, and accommodation was not suitable for preparatory work at nights for each day’s session. Further, trainers, on a few occasions, were deprived of water and food and living conditions were not hygienic. As a result, a few trainers fell sick during the TOT as well as during the training session to ex-combatants 7) There was no sufficient time for review or self-assessment by trainers to transfer their learning to classroom where they were expected to conduct the training for ex-combatants Despite several constraints on account of location of training and limited experience of trainers as participants, the TOT has achieved its capacity building goals very effectively. These are detailed in the following sub-sections. 2.7.2. Capacity Building of Trainers at Mapel Transition Facility The training has fully prepared 10 trainers in a comprehensive development approach, which covers aspects involving motivational and behavioural qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives and key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training process also ensured that trainers are able to design curricula for meeting different needs of ex-combatants in fields covering different need-based capacity building training leading to setting up individual- and partnership-based enterprises and/or cooperatives in relevant technical sector including farm houses, animal husbandry, masonry works, plumbing, carpentry, wielding, electrical, auto-mechanic workshops, and other related businesses. Most importantly, the trainers are equipped with a complete training kit for each module which was used to conduct training at Mapel, as well as at State level for start of businesses in different technical trades. They have adequate flexibility to offer learning in small modules to focus on further strengthening of skills ranging from basic to relatively advance levels in Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 business development or formation of individual/partnership businesses and cooperatives among ex-combatants along with their partners or community members. Trainers have been also trained to offer training and follow-up assistance to ex-combatants to reinforce progress towards enterprise formation. This has helped trainers to offer trainings at the State level broadly in the areas of business development, start-up of individual/partnership enterprises, formation of cooperatives, and management of enterprises. With regard to follow up assistance, trainers were prepared to offer a wide range of assistance which included the following – selecting business opportunities (including business opportunities for adding value through cooperatives), motivating ex-combatants and community members to set up cooperatives and offer support services for preparation of business plans, setting and launching of cooperatives and managing related issues including deciding on an appropriate business location, acquiring all necessary inputs and requisites (such as establishing a Board), choosing an appropriate business name, addressing and putting in place other relevant legal and business issues, and efficient book-keeping system. Similarly, trainers would be able to offer assistance in setting up individual and/partnership based enterprises with regard to preparation of business plans, marketing, financial records keeping, etc. The effective delivery of the training component requires knowledge of Dinka, the popular local language, and/or Juba Arabic. Also, the 2-months State level follow-up required knowledge of and working experience in the socio-economic and cultural fabric of communities in South Sudan. The TOT was one of the most successful activities in building the capacity of DDR in reintegration process of ex-combatants in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and cooperatives. Currently, these trainers are highly motived to prove that they can contribute in the process of nation building. 2.7.3. Evaluation of Training of Trainers The TOT was designed to have transformational impact on behaviour and technical skills of trainers. Participants shared impact of training on them. Some of these have been highlighted during the oral feedback in the presence of the World Bank and NDDRC representatives. The participants indicated that the learning in the TOT builds their commitment to work long hours and also help them develop as entrepreneurs leading to setting up Trainers Cooperative in South Sudan. They had enhanced their conceptual and technical skills with regard to development of training curricula and technical contents in entrepreneurship and cooperatives. Feedback of participants was sought on continuous basis during the course of TOT. On several occasions, participants were asked to share how they felt about the training and whether 28 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support learning was relevant and useful to them (as teachers, as individual, as members of community, family and even as citizens of their country). On last day, formal feedback on various aspects of the TOT was sought. Evaluation instrument used a 5-point rating scale and was divided into five sections as follows: • Training Venue and Refreshment • Training Organisation and Coordination • Training Materials • Training Facilitators • Level of Understanding and confidence in delivering learning modules to ex-combatants With regards to the dimension on Training Venue and Refreshment, participants rated this as the weakest aspect of the entire training. The training location had offered some benefits of interactions with main beneficiaries; however, accommodation, training hall and refreshments were rated poorly. These factors could also affect the academic learning and feedback. At the same time, the effort was made to ensure that weak training facilities did not affect the learning outcome of training overall. Training organisation and coordination received above average rating with the lowest score of the length of training (78%). It can therefore be inferred that the little longer duration of training was desirable given the learning goals of TOT and other challenges. Other dimensions, such as timings of activities and coordination of training received very good ratings (84 and 86%, respectively). Items Average Rating Rating in out of 5 Percentage % A Training venue and Refreshments 1 a) Training location 3.1 62 2 b) Accommodation 2.4 48 3 c) Training hall 2.6 52 4 d) Food and refreshments 2.4 48 B Training organization and coordination 1 a) Length of training period 3.9 78 2 b) Timing of activities 4.3 86 3 c) Coordination of programmes 4.2 84 C Training Materials (Hand-outs) 1 a) Clarity of content 4.3 86 2 b) Order and organization of contents 4.6 92 c) Usefulness of materials and information resources 3 4.8 96 D Training Facilitators 1 a) Knowledge in the subject matter 4.8 96 Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 2 b) Preparedness 4.8 96 3 c. Method of facilitation 4.7 94 E Level of Understanding and Confidence in Delivering Modules to Ex-combatants 1 Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: 4.5 90 2 Module 2: Financial Literacy 4.4 88 3 Module 3: Business and Market 4.7 94 Module 4: Key activities of a Business, Cooperatives 4 Financial aspects of Business 4.7 94 5 Module 5: Selecting a Business and Coop 4.5 90 6 Module 6: Steps in Starting a Business 4.6 91 7 Module 7: Business Skills Development in Coop 4.6 92 8 Module 8: Behavioural Skills in Entre &Coop 4.8 96 9 Module 9: Team Building and Coop. 4.8 96 10 Module 10: Business Plan for setting up Coop 4.5 90 11 Module 11: Sales and Marketing 4.9 98 12 Module 12: Purchasing 4.6 92 13 Module 13: Work Place Management 4.8 96 14 Module 14: Book-keeping 4.5 90 15 Module 15: Concluding and Action Plan 4.9 98 Overall 92.9 Training materials, largely consisting of training manuals, and other materials for development of training kit, received very high ratings with minimum of 86% on clarify of contents and 96% on the usefulness of training materials. Training facilitators were rated exceptionally high. Facilitators’ preparedness was rated 96% while the method of facilitation received rating of 94%. Participants made self-assessment with regard to each module and felt they have developed very high level of understanding of modules and confidence in delivering the knowledge to ex- combatants. The minimum score was 88% on Module 2 “Financial literacy” and 98% of the rating was given to Module 15 “Concluding and action plan”. Overall satisfaction with regard to module has scored 93%. 2.8. Training of Ex-combatants in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship, and Cooperatives 2.8.1. Management and Leadership Training does not start at classroom and does not end with it – a lot needs to be done beyond the classroom to capture impact involving tremendous capacity in exercising management and leadership processes. Training to ex-combatants at Mapel Transition Facility was completed 30 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support successfully with good impact on participants. Training to ex-combatants was not just a matter of delivery of training contents but management of ‘institution’ over a period of 10 days in dealing with several challenges. Sharing of these experiences in dealing with certain challenges may have significant learning value. Figure 1 below presents a framework of complex management systems and challenges which are applicable to most training situations, which essentially involve social change and behavioural capacity building. Management of training for ex-combatants was seen as complex management system as it involved managing 10 trainers and their deliverables to ex- combatants with desirable impact and learning. Ex-combatants at the Mapel Transition Facility were living in the institution systems for over 4 months. These would have certainly impacted them in formation of certain beliefs, attitude and mind-sets. Further, institutional systems would also be operating under certain administrative systems and resources which may not be adequate to support intensive training, since it was much different from technical and vocation skills training systems. In order to make training successful and not surrender to situational factors, Consultant had exercised a lot of problem anticipation and resources mobilization skills without posing much strain on the existing system. Figure 1: Complex Management Systems and Challenge Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 31 2.8.2. Training Management Systems Mapel Transition Facility had its on-going systems and processes for managing a set of vocational training facility and therefore resources, infrastructure, and management processes were designed to host temporary structure and learning process was relevant to technical workshop. The Consultant was to ensure adequate support systems to manage the following: 1. Full 6 hours of training per day during 10 days as per learning schedule – all the classes were to start on time and end on time 2. If participants miss a few classes, they cannot catch up as learning processes designed in each module were highly interdependent and most of the module intended to initiate behavioural changes and add new dimensions to their perceptions 3. Distraction during the training on account of other activities may not allow continuity in building cognitive learning and thought process 4. All the classes were required to be conducted in parallel and therefore required identical resources in all 10 classrooms, e.g. tables, chairs, white or black boards, LCD projectors 5. If tea and lunch is not served on time, it could result in loss of time 6. Any discontent among participants with regard to existing systems may also affect the training 7. Ensuring that ex-combatants were adequately motivated to attend the 10 days of intensive training with positive mind-set Considering the above challenges, we have identified certain critical set of tasks for each trainer to manage infrastructure and resources and presented these requirements to the management of Mapel Transition Facility: • Early interactions with ex-combatants: Trainers and Lead Training Consultant met ex- combatants on their first day of arrival at Mapel. This interaction was planned to raise a lot of curiosity about the proposed training while the TOT was going on at the campus. One of the trainers was assigned to meet ex-combatants to learn about their mind-set - what they think and feel and what they wish to do. This was helpful in adjusting training contents accordingly. • Logistics for meals and coordination with ex-combatants: One of the trainers was asked to coordinate the logistics and also meet people who were serving tea and lunches. It has ensured good communication among ex-combatants and also coordinated services of tea and lunches timely. • Allocation of classrooms, display of list, and announcement of list to ex- combatants: In consultation, 10 classrooms were identified with list of participants for each classroom according to their technical skills. This list was displayed at multiple locations so that ex-combatants knew where they were expected to go for their classes. 32 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • Logistic in classrooms: It was decided that the furniture that was required and sitting arrangements to be finalised and sourced. Trainers took responsibility of regular classroom cleaning and provided safety of training materials before and after each class. • Display of all posters in classrooms: Since this activity was an important part of learning, one of the trainers was made in charge of this activity. In the process of interaction, it became evident that some of ex-combatants were traumatised and therefore one needed to deal with them differently. 2.8.3. Situational Constraints and Leadership for Change The training for ex-combatants was designed to be very intensive under tight schedule of working 6 hours every day during the next 10 days. The training for ex-combatants commenced on 2 September 2013, as planned, but ended abruptly a day before the scheduled date (12 September 2013). During the course of the training, there were a number of unexpected events which could disrupt the training process. These disruptions were largely due to specific dates of training chosen – the following factors could be attributed: 1) The above Training was scheduled after the end of UNESCO’s vocation training which was on 31 August 2013 and before the scheduled graduation on 16 September 2013 2) A lot of unexpected events took place during training session as some contracts for goods and services (water and cooking) were about to be completed within a few day time 3) End of the month is linked to payment of salaries to ex-combatants and this took away whole day on 4 September 2013, unexpectedly. This event had some disturbing impact on the trainees and also on the training overall, which includes the following: • a few ex-combatants did not receive salary as they have expected – less or no salary caused deep frustration among some of the ex-combatants • those who received salaries after long interval of time wanted to enjoy and went to market for personal pleasure • a number of creditors crowded the gate of the Transition Facility as they wanted to recover their dues • some of them wanted to send money to their families and the Consultant was told a few of ex-combatant left the Transition Facility 4) ICRS caseworkers also visited the Transition Facility and wanted to meet each of the ex- combatant 5) Cleaning of campus as some VIPs were visiting on account of closure of the training and graduation. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 33 The timing and schedule of training for ex-combatants posed many challenges and could disrupt the training and classes, as well as negatively affect the involvement of training physically and psychologically. However, once the Consultant realized the fact that such eventualities were unavoidable under current circumstances, the training specialist along with trainers made certain arrangements to eliminate negative effects of such eventualities. Despite all possible eventuality expected and unexpected, the training was completed at highest level of commitment among the trainers and trainees. Loss of time was recovered by sessions starting as early as 07:00 AM in the morning and ending up at 5:00 to 5:30 PM most of the days. During the last few days, training sessions were wrapped up at 4:00 PM, since ICRS caseworkers wanted to meet ex-combatants after 4:00 PM. There was only one hour break for lunch and tea at 9:00 AM. Trainers managed to get around 2 more hours for each day, which compensated the loss of two days. 2.8.4. Training for Ex-combatants The training for ex-combatants was delivered through 10 trainers who were trained under the TOT at Mapel in 10 different classrooms. The participants were grouped as per their TVET classes. Training commenced on 2 September 2013 and ended on 11 September 2013. All 15 Modules were delivered to ex-combatants according to the TOT manual which guided trainers in carrying out each of the sessions and respective learning exercises. Photo: Entrepreneurship Training at Mapel Transition Facility by UNICON trainers 34 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Leaning and impact of training on ex-combatants: 1) Motivation and Commitment: The training started with motivating ex-combatants how the training would help them shape in creating income generation activities based on technical skills and sessions on Introduction and micro-lab also initiated them to make commitment to the learning processes designed during the next 10 days 2) Respect for Money as an effective instrument for happy living and meeting future uncertainties. The sessions on Financial Literacy proved to be ‘eye opener’ for ex-combatants and they acquired useful skills: • Participants realized that they were making mistakes in giving cash and receiving cash at the market as they did not know how to add up currency to make payment when purchasing multiple items in the market and they were not sure whether they had received cash back correctly. Participants therefore practiced a number of transactions involving exchange of local currency to master the skills in paying and receiving currency in market transactions. • Participants also felt that they did not know the value of money and they would spend the money as soon as they receive for buying items of non-priorities. Most tend to spend their salaries in a day or two and then manage the rest of the days during the month through borrowings from shopkeepers. They were not aware of the fact that money can be used for happy living of family and community and also as instrument for meeting any eventuality in the future. In the role play, they learned how they can make their family budgets. In the first round, they found that their family members were all upset as the money was spent without catering to their needs. In second round, they had decided to make a budget that could make every member of the family happy and at the same time they could plan to save at least 200 SSP out of 460 SSP given to them. Here the participants realized the magic of effective and healthy family budgeting leading to formation of favourable attitude towards saving and effective use of money for better living. 3) Awareness and Motivation for Business career: • Participants identified different types of business opportunities with respect to their customers and their needs and problems. They could identify at least 2 to 4 opportunities based on their technical skills and become aware of market potentials • Participants interacted with several business people who started their businesses with less than 10 pound a year ago and today they were earning 50 pounds per day. This inspired most of the participants as they realized that one does not need a lot of money to start a business. One of the participants made a statement that the Government gave Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 35 money but they [participants] actually have money in their own head. They committed to depend on themselves for creating a better future. 4) Business Opportunity toward enterprise start up: • Participants learnt how to connect business opportunities with needs of people. This actually helped some of the participants to start their business during the course of training. One of the participants started selling milk powder to ex-combatants when they were drinking black tea, another ex-combatant sold biscuits to them. The third ex- combatant started selling soda and other items to ex-combatants at the campus. • All the participants identified and selected business activities which they want to start when they would be back home. Participants were assisted in taking key decision as to who would be their customers; why they would buy their products (needs) from them; what would be the name of their business and where their business should be located. 5) Concept of Cooperatives: • One of the major goals of the training was to motivate participants to set up their businesses as cooperative. The concept of cooperatives was introduced very innovatively. Participants were given a stick and were asked to break it. They could break it easily. The trainers then joined 6 to 8 sticks together and tied with a small rope. Now participants were asked to break the bundle of sticks which they failed to do. Participants soon realized that when they are together they become strong and add more money, resources and skills for the benefits of each other. This motivated most of the ex- combatants to start their business as cooperative. • The training module also helped them develop requisite skills sets critical to the success of cooperatives. Through one of the simulations exercises, they learnt how to set up team goals (cooperative goals) and how to ensure the success of members of cooperatives rather than individual success at the cost of other members. Participants leant to apply the principles of cooperative for success of their cooperative businesses. 6) Business Skills Development: In order to build confidence among participants that can start and manage cooperative business enterprises, participants carried out a day long simulation exercises (mock Business). The exercise facilitated them to form the cooperative and run entire business transaction involving: • Formation of cooperative: name of business, setting up board and officials and work allocation 36 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • Production: Skills building in making products, estimating products target, skills assessment, skills improvement, carryout the production and manage the quality standards • Purchasing: Determining purchase of raw materials, calculating the cost, and check the supply and quality of raw materials • Marketing and selling: Product promotion, pricing, selling skills, computing the sales achieved • Bookkeeping: Computing cost, profit and loss, keeping the records of transaction • Business improvement: Assess business results; analyse causes of profit and losses; take steps to correct the mistake and improve business performance 7) Enterprise Management: Participants learnt how to manage the different function of a business enterprise: • Purchase Management: The process of determining the needs of business, quantity, sources of purchases, keeping recodes of purchases and stock • Production: participants drew their work place on business that they want to start and identified how that would arrange all the equipment and raw materials for efficient production • Marketing: Participants found out different ways to reach out to consumers and how to affect sales when consumers are in the shop. They learned about relationship management. They realized that ‘customer is the king’ and they should treat him/her nicely. 2.8.5. Sample of Business Plan of cooperative and Individual Business Trainers have prepared business plans for each business that ex-combatant decided to start. These business plans are available with them for use during the follow up. They have advised to send all their business plans as soon as possible to the respective DDR offices: Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 37 EXHIBIT 1: Sample of Cooperative Business Enterprises to be set by ex-combatants1 '"()!*+!,"-./%/0"1.2!! 3)( 4)%51/%"6!78/662! 9*%"./*1! :;2/1)22! 4*."6! 3)($)-2! $)-2! <1=)2#!/1! %*1.-/$;./*1! 77,! >6$/1*?!@A;"8B!>0"6/B!C)1AB! 5 E"-0)1.-D!! :"-!25)-/F! G)2.";-"1.! HHII! JHIII! 3"D*1! 3"8)-B!3".;-B!7)$/.B!K*(B! 6 E"-0)1.-D!! ,"1%;(! L**&!7.;++! MNNI! NIIII! 3"A8*8B!3"8*/! 7)66/1A!! C;.!C;.B!O6)-*B!:;66"B! 6 E"-0)1.-D!! @($/66/! >A-/%;6.;-)! JNHI! 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[;2$"1&"-D!! >6);B!>-/./)%5! 1 Business plans for all the participating ex-combatants are available with the Trainers who are currently on the state level visit for follow up and training to ex-combatants and community – These information are from 4 trainers only 38 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support EXHIBIT 2: Sample of Individual Business Enterprises to be set by ex-combatants2 NAME OF THE INITIAL NAME OF THE N BUSINESS CATEGORY LOCATION CUSTOMERS CAPITAL ENTREPRENUER 1 ADHOL SOLE RUMALUEL RESIDENTS SSS 30,000 ENTERPRISE TRADE(RETAIL) AWIEL NBS 2 NYANG INDIVIDUAL YIROL EAST TEA SELLERS SSP 5000 BUSINESS LAKE STATE 3 NATIONAL SOLE WAU WBS RETAILERS SSP12000 JUNUBI ENT TRADE(RETAIL) 4 TOUBOLIYA INDIVIDUAL WAU MARIAL SCHOOLS SSP 36000 BAI WBS 5 BOMA SOLE TONJ EAST RETAILERS SSP 25000 ENTERPRISE TRADE(RETAIL) WS 6 AMATNHOM INDIVIDUAL WUNROK WS RESIDENTS SSP 20000 ENTREPRISE 7 GROUP A SOLE AGOR MAPEL TEA SELLERS SSP 1000 TRADE(RETAIL) WBS 8 WAU TOMBURA INDIVIDUAL WAU WBS MARKETVEN SSP3000 ENT DORS 9 GATWICH SHOP SOLE LEKAKEDU GOV'T STAFF SSP 18000 TRADE(RETAIL) LAKE STATE 10 DDR MATAP INDIVIDUAL WAU SUK LOCAL SSP 20000 SALAM WBS TRADERS 11 KEDI SOLE PAWENG RETAILERS SSP2OOOO TRADE(RETAIL) TONJ EAST WS 12 ARIOP INDIVIDUAL TONJ EAST RESIDENTS SSP 5000 WS 13 TUIDI SOLE AWIEL RETAILERS SSS 30,000 TRADE(RETAIL) CENTRAL NBS 2.8.6. Evaluation of Training The feedback from ex-combatants was sought on a daily basis with regard to their satisfaction as well as value of learning they receive. A formal written feedback could not be taken as most of the ex-combatants could not fill up the feedback sheet independently and assistance through trainers might be seen as influencing. The feedback was sought without disclosure of the name of the participants. As a result, it was decided that oral feedback could be sought in gathering of all the participants and also in the presence of the management team of Mapel Transition Facility. The trainers were advised with just one hour notice to close the training on 11 September 2013 at 12:30 on account of preparation for the President’s visit. UNICON’s Lead Training Consultant invited all participants to meet with trainers and management team at 3:30 PM. During the meeting, a selected number of representatives were invited to share their views and benefits of the training. This can be summarized as follows: 1) All speakers shared immense satisfaction with training and acknowledged that this 10-day training benefited more than 6 months of training in terms of overall benefits. 2 The detailed Business plans are available with the trainers Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 39 2) They also told that the training has helped them remove myths about the fact that they knew how to add and subtract when dealing with currency and their knowledge was wrong. They now feel confident in dealing with financial transactions 3) They also ensured that they are fully committed to start their business enterprises as soon as they go back home. They would start their businesses and they would be happy if trainers came to see how they were doing their businesses 4) They learnt something about cooperative which they were never aware of. They are now committed to set up cooperatives with the help of local community 5) They shared that they are less dependent of Government support as they now know what they need to do for their livings 6) They expressed gratitude to all the trainers for making a difference to them in such a short time 40 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support *) State Level Trainings Following the Mapel-based training in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship and Cooperatives for ex-combatants, UNICON will conduct further trainings at State level and provide follow up support and assistance in making progress toward establishing their enterprises. Trainers trained through Training of Trainers at Mapel would visit the respective States from 23 September 2013 to 13 November 2013. UNICON’s Lead Training Consultant prepared a note on the framework of follow up assistance and suggested training and curricula for conducting training at the state level. 3.1. Objectives of State Level Reintegration Livelihoods Support • To support the ex-combatants utilize the Vocational, Literacy and Life Skills trainings gained at the Mapel Transition Facility toward productive livelihoods in their communities of return. • To reinforce and facilitate the operationalization of the decision made by ex-combatants during their training in Mapel to establish themselves in individual businesses or in partnerships and cooperatives. • To assist in cooperative formation and offer subsequent training to ex-combatants along with community members who wish to join in the formation of cooperatives and management of cooperatives in different technical sectors • To assist the establishment of individual entrepreneurships or partnerships in business activities by offering further training to ex-combatants in business start-up and management including (i) micro-enterprise skills training as correlated to the vocational trainings received in the Mapel Transition Facility; and (ii) small farm business skills training. • To assist ex-combatants in handling the start-up and management process such as board formation, marketing and book-keeping initially • To offer advice in initial troubleshooting such as lack of support of family or community members or selection of location appropriate to the opportunities. 3.2. Framework of Activities at State Level The following framework of activities is the foundation of the State-based follow up support assistance and training curriculum. Mobilization and Sensitization Ex-combatants, after having completed the 10-day training in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives, were expected to work on implementing their business ideas. However, as they arrived in their communities, they experienced a few obstacles to their plans to be in business due to socio-cultural barriers toward business. Ex-combatants would therefore need further reinforcements and support of their community in start-up for partnership and/or cooperative based enterprises. At this juncture, the trainers acted as change agents in mobilising the support of the community and family members and sensitise them towards Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 41 potential benefits of business and cooperatives such as local development, improved living standards and income, security of income for the family and education of children. Trainers carried out the following activities to create a supportive environment for ex-combatants: • Sensitize community on the benefits of business and cooperative • Identify value added services through cooperatives • Motivate people volunteering to join ex-combatant in establishment of cooperatives or partnership • Revisit ex-combatants on their decisions to individuals/partnership/cooperatives • Conduct need assessment of services and training for establishment of their business as individuals/partnership and/or cooperatives • Prepare work plans for services (counselling and assistance) and training Assistance in Establishment of Businesses relevant to each technical trade This was an on-going activity of the trainers which was offered as soon as ex-combatants and their communities decided for a specific business enterprise model. Trainers offered assistance before, during, and after the training to ex-combatants. The need for the assistance was largely required as ex-combatants cannot read and write and would not know how to proceed for resources mobilisation or legal processes involved. Trainers offered assistance in the preparation of: • Business Plans • Location selection • Select name of Business • Legal procedure (Registration), where needed • Opening bank account, where needed • Formation of Board • Organization of production/farm establishment • Resource mobilization (inputs) • Implementation of formats for record keeping • Arrange technical inputs pertaining to their business with local experts/institutions • Advise on packaging of farm produces for marketing 3.3. State-Based Training and Curriculum As the trainers visited communities of ex-combatants, they assessed training needs of ex- combatants and their communities and offered need-based training to ex-combatants along with their community members. The training programme proposed at the State level was conducted with respect to the different types of business in technical trades as mentioned above separately into two different business 42 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support formats, namely – individuals/ partnership and cooperatives. For example, if participants are from agriculture technical trade and then the first training proposed is on Business Development, it was offered as “Training for Business Development in Agriculture or Farm- house Establishment” (see Figure 2 below). In case of mixed groups, trainers formed different groups and used relevant training kits for each group. This facilitated business development, entrepreneurship and cooperatives in different technical trades for different business format. Figure 2: Training Process designed to deliver as per different types of businesses in technical trades for different types of business format Business format: Technical Trades: Types of Business Enterprises: 1) Individual and 1) Carpentry 1) Trading 2) Agriculture Partnership 2) Production and Processing 3) Auto Mechanics 4) Wielding 3) Services 2) Cooperatives 5) Plumbing 4) Crop Growing/ Farm Houses 6) Electrical 7) Masonry 8) Animal Husbandry Training at State level included: A. Business Start-up Training • Business Development • Cooperative formation • Start-up of Individual and Partnership • Business plan Preparation • Business Skills Development B. Management of Individual and Cooperative Enterprises • Legal Process and requirements • Marketing and Sales • Purchase Management • Production and Work Place Management • Book-keeping Practices Curriculum for each of the above covers the following elements • Overall Objectives • Major Learning Goals • Participants • Duration of Training • Specific Learning Goals Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 43 • Contents • Activities/Learning Methods • Training Kit 3.4. Implementation of Trainings at State level Overall, 253 XCs have been covered in In-State trainings, which is an 88% coverage of all XCs in the pilot. In addition to XCs, 284 community members have also attended In-State Trainings. In total, In-State trainings have covered 537 people in four States. Below is the summary of participation in In-State trainings by State: State XCs CMs Total Warrap State 70 34 104 Lakes State 93 29 122 Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 30 108 138 Western Bahr el Ghazal State 60 113 173 Total 253 284 537 Table below illustrates coverage of ex-combatants in each State in percentage to total number of participating ex-combatants in this pilot: State XCs XCs in % covered pilot covered Warrap State 70 75 93% Lakes State 93 93 100% Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 30 30 100% Western Bahr el Ghazal State 60 92 65% Total 253 290 88% 3.4.1. Trainings in Warrap State Staff involved in State trainings: State Manager: Adire Simon Deng Trainer: Albino Kanybil Trainer: Lodiong John Duku Trainings in Warrap State were carried out from 23 September to 13 November 2013. The State has 75 participating ex-combatants in this pilot. Of 75 in total, 70 ex-combatants have received 44 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support trainings. In addition to ex-combatants, 34 community members have also benefited from these trainings. Tonj South County Three training centres were established in Tonj South, which included Tonj payam, Malualmok payam, and Wanhalel payam. The topics covered in these trainings included: (i) steps required in cooperative formation, (ii) simple bookkeeping, (iii) marketing and sales management, (iv) financial record keeping/accounting, (v) customer care, and (vi) financial numeracy. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Tonj South: Training Centre No. of Type and name of business XCs Tonj payam 13 (i) 7 XCs formed Cooperative “Koc ke” (ii) 3 XCs formed Cooperative “Aloi bai” (restaurant) (iii) 3 XCs formed Partnership “Zalzal” Malualmok payam 12 12 XCs are working on formation of one joint Cooperative Wanhalel payam 2 2 XCs and 7 CMs formed Cooperative “Ting rot” in agriculture sector Tonj North County In Tonj North, the original plan was to have six training centres; however, due to flooding and inaccessibility, we had to combine two of them with the others and had a total of four training centres – Pagol payam, Mariallou payam, Manlor payam, and Alabek payam. Topics covered in these four centres included (i) financial literacy, (ii) importance of cooperatives, (iii) marketing, (iv) simple bookkeeping, and (v) cash flow management in business. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Tonj North: Training Centre No. of Type and name of business XCs Pagol payam 5 5 XCs and 5 CMs formed Cooperative “Abukdit”, operating in farming business Mariallou payam 2 2 XCs formed Cooperative “Akol”, operating in farming business, mainly for g/nuts and tomatoes production Manlor payam 2 2 XCs and 10 CMs formed Cooperative shop in Warrap town Alabek payam 4 2 XCs decided to form Cooperative, operating in tomatoes production Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 45 Tonj East County Tonj East county is one of the counties seriously affected by floods and three centres for training were created, namely Pareng payam, Ananatak payam, and Paliang payam. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Tonj East: Training Centre No. of Type and name of the business XCs Parweng payam 3 3 XCs plan to establish Cooperative “Parweng”, named after the Payam. No business line established yet Ananatak payam 3 3 XCs plan to establish Cooperative “Ananatak”, named after the Payam. No business line established yet Paliang payam 1 1 XC, jointly with CMs, plans to establish Cooperative “Paliang”, named after the Payam. No business line established yet Gogrial West County In Gogrial West County, two training centres were created – in Kuac South payam and Alek South payam. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Gogrial West: Training Centre No. of Type and name of the business XCs Alek south payam 1 1 XC and 4 CMs formed Cooperative “Kuom” for vegetable production Kuac south payam 2 2 XCs went out as private entrepreneurs Gogrial East County In Gogrial West County, two training centres were created – in Lietnum payam and Luanyaker payam. Topics that were covered here included: (i) marketing and sales management, (ii) importance of cooperatives, and (iii) how a cooperative can qualify for registration according to Laws of South Sudan. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Gogrial East: Training Centre No. of Type and name of business XCs Lietnum Centre 3 3 XCs and 2 CMs formed Cooperative “Kong ting” for vegetable production Luanyaker Centre 1 1 XC and 6 CMs formed Cooperative “Ded Pou” operating in farming business 46 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Abyei County Only one training centre was created and the topics covered (i) cooperative formation, (ii) cooperative importance as an opportunity for value addition, and (iii) marketing and sales management. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Abyei: Training Centre No. of Type and name of business XCs Anet 7 7 XCs are establishing a Cooperative that will deal in motor vehicle spare parts sale and repair in Anet Twic County Five training centres were established in Twic County, although one of them was not covered due to major flooding and inaccessibility. The following training centres were used: Turale, Wunrok, Mayen abun, and Wulid dol. Topics covered included (i) cooperative entrepreneurship and (ii) financial management. The following ex-combatants’ participation and achieved results were observed in Twic: Training Centre No. of Type and name of business XCs Turale & Aweng 4 (i) 1 XC is planning to start vegetable production payams (ii) 1 XC launched restaurant Seria (iii) 1 XC operates a shop on sale of auto spare parts (iv) 1 XC formed business on vegetables production Mayen abun 1 1 XC and 8 CMs formed Cooperative “Paleng” operating in vegetables production Wunrok 1 1 XC and 11 CMs formed Cooperative “Wuntit Jobar” operating in vegetables production Wulid dol 3 3 XCs (1 from Abyei and 2 from Wunrok) formed Cooperative “Wulid Dol” operating in sorghum production Below are illustrations indicating training participation by (i) gender; and (ii) ex-combatants / community members covered: Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 47 Gender Distribution XC vs CM at Trainings Only 2 females were registered as participating ex-combatants in this pilot out of 75 XCs in total for Warrap State. Of these two, only one participated in trainings. Among community members, no female participation was observed. After distribution of toolkits was completed, our team has made a follow-up visit to participating ex-combatants in Tonj where they assessed their progress in various business skills they acquired during training and how they use newly received toolkits in this regard. In addition to this, UNICON team has assisted XCs in the following ways: • Assisted ex-combatants to assess land allocation and hold negotiations with the county’s commissioner on progress made • Ascertained to which degree participating ex-combatants still remember their business skills acquired at Mapel Transition Facility • Assisted with understanding of how to apply newly acquired skills during trainings with toolkits received (e.g. how to managed fixed capital in relations to their toolkits) • Reminded them on the principle of daily and monthly family budgets so that their businesses are not affected negatively due to poor budgeting 3.4.2. Trainings in Lakes State Staff involved in State trainings: State Manager: Biar Abraham Dhieu Trainer: Gar Malual Gar Trainer: Puot Jacob Kir Training in Lakes State was carried out from 23 September to 13 November 2013. The State has 93 participating ex-combatants in this pilot. Distribution of these ex-combatants was as follows: 48 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • 13 in Rumbek Centre • 6 in Wulu • 9 in Cueibet • 17 in Rumbek East • 3 in Rumbek North • 20 in Yirol West • 16 in Yirol East • 9 in Aweirial UNICON trainers and state manager have provided a wide range of assistance to ex- combatants and community members, including assistance with selection of business with focus on cooperatives, motivating ex-combatants and community members to join hands and set cooperatives together, as well as forming boards that can administer and manage newly created enterprises, run proper accounting and bookkeeping, and other assistance as needed. Trainings overall covered all 93 participating ex-combatants and 29 community members. Some of the ex-combatants participated in trainings more than once – some two times and some even three times. Below are illustrations indicating training participation by (i) gender; and (ii) ex-combatants / community members covered: Gender Distribution XC vs CM at Trainings Females did not participate in the training program not because they were not interested, but mainly because all 93 participating ex-combatants from Lakes State are male. The community members that joined trainings were also all male. Therefore, training did not cover any single female in Lakes State. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 49 Table below summarizes distribution of XCs and CMs that have formed various businesses: No. of No. of No. of County XCs who CMs who Businesses Formed Counties attended attended (i) 5 XCs have chosen Partnership (ii) 9 XCs chose Individual Rumbek 3 25 11 Entrepreneurship Centre (iii) 11 XCs formed Cooperative (i) 17 XCs (plus 7 CMs) have formed Rumbek East 1 17 7 Cooperative (i) 6 XCs (plus 2 CMs) have established Wulu 1 6 2 Cooperative (i) 43 XCs formed Cooperative (ii) 2 XCs have chosen Individual Yirol West 3 45 9 Entrepreneurship TOTAL 93 29 3.4.3. Trainings in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State Staff involved in State trainings: State Manager: Christine Asienzo Trainer: Deng James Manyok Training in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State was carried out from 23 September to 13 November 2013. The State has 30 participating ex-combatants in this pilot. Distribution of these ex- combatants was as follows: • 16 in Aweil East • 12 in Aweil South • 1 in Aweil North • 1 in Aweil West To provide better coverage and for more efficiency, trainings were implemented in five centres – Malual Bai, Wanyjok, Kolbith, Malek-Alel, and Pantit. Each training lasted for 2 days minimum. 50 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Trainings implemented in Northern Bahr el Ghazal successfully covered all 30 ex-combatants. In addition to ex-combatants, trainings also covered 108 community members. Some of the ex- combatants and community members visited trainings more than one time showing their deep interest in new skills. Below are illustrations indicating training participation by (i) gender; and (ii) ex-combatants / community members covered: Gender Distribution XC vs CM at Trainings Upon completion of the training component in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, five cooperatives were formed by the ex-combatants. No one chose individual or partnership form of business. The five created cooperatives operate in the field of (i) agriculture production, (ii) trading, (iii) fuel business, (iv) fisheries, and (v) restaurant business. Our State Manager and Trainer have assisted ex-combatants and community members in registration and start-up assistance. After distribution of toolkits, UNICON local consultants designed a strategy to follow these beneficiaries to see how they were progressing and how they used toolkits in line with trainings received. Consultants have done 2-3 follow-up visits per centre after the major trainings were completed. UNICON trainer has also observed synergy of cooperation between ex-combatants and community members in reintegration and has witnessed successful integration of the two groups in newly established cooperatives. The following cooperatives have been created: Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 51 Location No. of No. of Type and name of business XCs CMs Wankjok Aweil East 12 10 12 XCs and 10 CMs formed Cooperative “Wic Kupiir”, operating in Agriculture (vegetable production). As one of their side businesses, they would also trade fuel Malual Bai Aweil 5 32 5 XCs and 32 CMs formed Cooperative “Dot Bai”, East operating in agricultural (trading grains, sorghum, rice, and other) and vegetable production (tomatoes, cabbages, onions) Mayeni leni Aweil 1 33 1 XCs and 33 CMs formed Cooperative “Loiku North Kolibith Yiic” which would mainly deal with crop production (sim sim, rice, maize) and vegetables (tomatoes, kale, cabbages) Malek-Alel Aweil 10 11 10 XCs and 11 CMs are in the process of South establishing Cooperative “Nhomlou” specialized in fishing and restaurant business Pantit (Gumjuer 1 33 1 XC and 33 CMs formed Cooperative “Pantiti” payam) Aweil West which would operate in the financial sector (money lending and credit savings). 3.4.4. Trainings in Western Bahr el Ghazal State Staff involved in State trainings: State Manager: Khor Gatwech Chan Trainer: Peter Kir Chol Trainer: John Gbazimangi Trainer: John Aguer As in other States, trainings in Western Bahr el Ghazal State started on 23 September and continued until 13 November 2013. Western Bahr el Ghazal State has 92 participating ex- combatants in this pilot. UNICON team was only able to cover 60 ex-combatants during trainings implementation. In addition to ex-combatants, 113 community members were also engaged in trainings. Trainers from Western Bahr el Ghazal have focused their trainings around the following key topics: • Business and market – how to identify the type of business need by the community and how to organize market place 52 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • Business skills development in cooperative entrepreneurship – how to form a cooperative society, product information (average time required for the product) and work assigned in the processing of production (division of labour) • Business plan for setting up cooperatives – how to identify resources required to run business, how to name cooperative, how these businesses would be useful to the customers • Financial literacy – how to identify resources required to run business, how to manage resources and how to allocate them, selection of business name, how to make business useful to its customers, how to identify the different type of skills by individuals within cooperative, etc. • Book-keeping management – how to deal with day-to-day operations and how to record transactions, utilization, allocation of profits and how to control others expenses incurred in business • Marketing research – how to inform potential customers, how to advertise the services/goods that are available through this business; assessment, advertisement and promotion of goods and services in the market • Communication skills – how to communicate to the customers in the market and others suppliers - both external and internal suppliers - and how to communicate internally within organization • Planning and controlling – how to plan their businesses, how it will be implemented, when activities shall be taken, and how to control operations to minimize expenses and maximize profits • Time management skills – how to manage time and avoid inconveniences, how to do scheduling • Leadership management skills – how to lead others and how to motivate them, giving them right to participate in decision making process and learn different leadership styles, especially those related to cooperatives • Marketing orientation – how to sell goods and services to customers, how to organize supply of goods and how to check if the goods are still usable, how to select potential suppliers The total number of ex-combatants and community members that have participated in trainings are provided below with breakdown to counties: Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 53 Location XCs CMs Marial Bai 9 66 Roc Roc Dong 8 - Mapel 10 1 Kuarjena 4 - Wau County 15 - Bazia 4 46 Bagari 10 - Total 60 113 Of 173 participants (XCs & CMs) in the training program, 51 were female. Below are illustrations indicating training participation by (i) gender; and (ii) ex-combatants / community members covered: Gender Distribution XC vs CM at Trainings 54 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support The following businesses were intended to be created by XCs and CMs: Location No. of No. of Type and name of business XCs CMs Mapel payam 10 1 (i) 1 XC intends to establish cooperative or partnership in plumbing (ii) 1 XC intends to establish cooperative or partnership in auto-mechanics (iii) 1 XC intends to establish cooperative or partnership in animal husbandry (iv) 7 XCs and 1 CM plan to establish cooperative in agriculture Marial Ajith 9 66 9 XCs and 66 CMs plan to establish a cooperative that would operate in agriculture sector Roc Roc Dong 8 - (i) 2 XCs plan to establish agriculture cooperative (ii) 2 XCs plan to establish electrical business cooperative (iii) 3 XCs plan to establish carpentry cooperative Kuarjena 4 - (i) 2 XCs plan to establish carpentry business (ii) 1 XC plans to establish electrical business (iii) 1 XC plans to establish agriculture business Bazia 4 46 (i) 1 XC and 24 CMs plan to establish auto- mechanical cooperative (ii) 2 XCs and 12 CMs plan to establish electrical cooperative (iii) 1 XC and 10 CMs plan to establish welding cooperative Bagari 12 - (i) 5 XCs plan to establish agriculture business (ii) 1 XC plans to establish carpentry business (iii) 2 XCs plan to establish welding business (iv) 1 XC plans to establish electrical business (v) 1 XC plans to establish animal husbandry business Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 55 +) Livelihoods Start-Up Kits Livelihood Start-Up Kits constituted a critical sub-component of the Livelihoods Support work conducted in the Pilot Reintegration project. The procurement and delivery of start-up kits was designed to enhance the efforts of ex-combatants to engage in productive and gainful employment; be it as a private venture, partnership or cooperative arrangements. There were six key steps in the task of start-up kit distribution: 1. Preparation • Agreement on design of start-up kits • Formation of start-up kits components list 2. Procurement • Search for potential suppliers • Design of Request for Quotation (RFQ) • Invitation of potential bidders and bids submission • Evaluation of bids • Selection of suppliers 3. Logistics • Delivery of goods to Juba by suppliers • Warehousing in Juba • Confirmation and Bundling of Contents of Kits • Transportation from Juba to States • Storage in States 4. Distribution Support • Orientation Visits • Toolkits Distribution Visits • Communications – XCs and Media 5. Distribution of Start-Up Kits 6. Collection of Lessons Learned and Documentation In total, 199 ex-combatants received their kits during the 2-day distribution event in each state, with 239 out of 290 ex-combatants collecting their toolkits by the end of Phase I. The remaining ex-combatants were informed that they could collect their toolkits at any time in the NDDRC state office. This work was substantial and detailed and as such has been separated from this report into a standalone report: Livelihoods Start-Up Kits Summary & Reflection. Please refer to that report for the full detail on this topic. 56 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support ,) Summary and Lessons Learned3 While the Consultant would like to express immense satisfaction in what has been achieved in trainings process, we would like to make some recommendations to the World Bank and NDDRC, based on our observations on the ground, for improvement in the project implementation process as well as to share our innovative ideas for effective reintegration process of ex-combatants at next stages. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the project, it is suggested that adequate time gap is allowed between the preparatory and implementation phases. The preparatory phase should have commenced early July and completed by 15 August with 10 trainers fully trained to conduct training for ex-combatants. Training in financial literacy, entrepreneurship and cooperatives should be organized near the market area in semi-urban or urban areas. The trainings need to expose participants about business and management practices and market operations through continuous visits to the market and collecting data about products, customers, suppliers, and help in building perspectives in market channels. The training module also requires interaction and experience sharing sessions with local entrepreneurs and cooperatives. Such opportunities were very limited in Mapel. Most ex-combatants are illiterate and this may pose a serious constraint at the growth phase of business when management of enterprises would become more complex, including adherences to legal and taxation issues, as well as expanding business to more sophisticated market channel. It is recommended that ex-combatants and their community members are supported with Adult literacy. In future, vocational training should include adult literacy as a major component and should cover minimum acceptable level standards in reading, writing and numerical skills. Mapel Transition Facility had offered vocational training in eight technical skills. Most ex- combatants had to choose out of very limited options of technical skills. It is recommended that ex-combatants could be given more options and more vocational skills such as agro-food processing, cooking, garment, etc. These may have good market demand in rural areas. One another observation, which was common to all four States, was that the ex-combatants in Auto-mechanical sector complained that the training they have received at Mapel Transition Facility was not sufficient enough for them to continue working on their own. Perhaps, a training curriculum for auto mechanics could be revised or reviewed since this observation was common only to auto mechanics and throughout four States. Vocational skills training offered at Mapel Transition Facility should be now validated in terms of their market and employment potentials in rural areas, as well as local demands of these skills. 3 Summary and lessons learned from the toolkit component are presented in a separate report. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 57 Arrangements should be made to counsel ex-combatants while selecting a particular vocational skill set as per market potential in local areas. Some of the vocational skills such as plumbing, electrical, auto-mechanics, wielding may have limited market potentials in certain rural areas. Entrepreneurship and cooperatives are being considered a major instrument for reintegration of ex-combatants, therefore training in entrepreneurship and cooperatives should be arranged before the selection of technical skills. Such training would help ex-combatants select marketable opportunities and help them select the vocational skills relevant to their business ideas. It is not necessary that business should be started based on the technical skills of the participants4. Many business enterprises could sources technical skills from the market. It is also not critical for prospective entrepreneurs to acquire technical skills until he/she decide it would be helpful. Technical trainers should also been given training in entrepreneurship and cooperatives as they could enhance technical skills and their relevance to potential business prospects. The technical trainers would involve their trainees in market research and determine cost, price, and profit or loss for each product made and sold. This ultimately would help them acquire financial, business, and technical literacy while acquiring vocation skills. Training for ex-combatants at Mapel has been very successful in building saving attitude and participants realized the importance for their own (and family’s) welfare and better future. However, they have very limited opportunities for reinvestment in rural areas and cannot keep the money [cash] safe. As a result, they tend to spend money as they always fear that it could be stolen by someone including their family members. The Consultant therefore proposes that “Rural Bank” could be promoted and set up in rural areas to offer opportunities to ex- combatants and other local people to keep money protected at the Bank. There is now need to extend or set up Business Advisory and Training outlets in rural areas. These services could be set up under cooperative business format. Already 10 trainers trained by the Consultant have formed Trainers Cooperative. It is suggested that such cooperatives could be created through organizing more training for trainers and business consultants in entrepreneurship and business advisory and training services. This will ensure continuous self- sustaining support services though commercially viable enterprises without dependence on government support. There are similar success stories from Uganda, Kenya, and Benin. These enterprises offer training to prospective entrepreneurs, as well as enterprise management services including modular training in bookkeeping, marketing, production management, laws and regulations, market network, IT services, and other relevant sectors. Rural Incubation Centre (RIC) should be set up to cover cluster of 30 to 40 villages as business incubation centre or industrial parks equipped with electricity and communications facilities, where ex-combatants could start their micro and small businesses and use common equipment and facilities for carrying out business activities. For this purpose, RIC should make 4 Note: many ex-combatant have selected businesses which are not consistent with vocational skills 58 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support collaborative arrangement with technical training institutions, production centres and industrial development estate to create an effective infrastructure in rural areas. The proposed RIC could be linked to farm houses and farm produces could be brought for value addition by the RIC’s entrepreneurs. To provide additional support to ex-combatants in vocational skills, entrepreneurship and cooperatives, Consultant suggest the following activities: a. Vocational Training already acquired by ex-combatants may not be adequate and would not be adapted to meet the acceptable as per market and business practices and standards. It is proposed that ex-combatants could be offered apprenticeship in small and medium size enterprises where they could have more exposure and experience at the State level. In order to arrange the apprenticeship training in these enterprises, support of business and industry associations could be mobilized and they are oriented through a short workshop on the need and nature of apprenticeship for ex-combatants. b. While ex-combatants are progressing in business including managing their farm houses, they may be required in more agriculture-based technical information and guidance. It is suggested that community radio would be useful instrument in offering these information about agriculture, technical skills, and business management. A few technical teachers could be trained in entrepreneurship and capability for setting up community radio on a commercially sustainable manner. The community radio could be used for dissemination of useful information and learning about business and market as well. c. There is a need to carry out needs assessment of ex-combatants based on the progress towards reintegration achieved along with their community members who have joined them in starting partnership or cooperative based enterprises. This will help to determine the need for further follow up assistance and training at State level. Those who have already started their businesses may require more training and assistance leading to stabilization of their enterprises. This would require more advance level services and training in dealing with financial management, taxation, reinvestments, people management and leadership, microfinance and banking operations, creativity and problem solving, business performance improvement, legal and regulatory aspects of business and taxation, market linkages development, and network through business associations and enterprise management. In addition, there could be a few ex-combatants who may like to explore other opportunities such as employment in private or government institution. These may require different set of support services through improvement of the access to these opportunities and/or tie up with technical and vocation institutions for further education. In the future, logistics arrangements might be organized differently as well. In this pilot, we had 4 States and UNICON teams (state managers and trainers) were based in the capitals of each of the States. From there, they travelled to payams of their base-States to carry out trainings. However, and as it can be seen from picture below, some capitals of neighbouring States are Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 59 located closer to payams of neighbouring States rather than capitals of originating States. For example, our team from Warrap State, based in Kuajok, had difficulties in travel arrangements and logistics to Tonj South, Tonj East, and Tonj North. Each time they travelled to these areas, they had to bypass capital of Western Bahr el Ghazal – Wau, where our other team, responsible for Western Bahr el Ghazal, was based. Their journey from Kuajok to Tonj South was twice as long and time consuming as it would have been from Wau directly. And most southern areas of Tonj South are quicker accessible from Rumbek, Lakes State. This lesson suggests that in the future, teams, although based in capitals of States, shall not be locked to their States only, but rather locked to payams or coverage areas that are best covered from a certain capital. This will avoid possible loss of time and resources for teams to travel to areas which can be more efficiently covered by teams from neighbouring State. Tonj South is a good example as either team from Wau or Rumbek could have done a more efficient travel to Tonj South rather than original team from Kuajok that had to travel all the way south through Wau itself. 60 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex B Phase 1 Project Implementation Plan Prepared for: World Bank & NDDRC August 2013 ! Content "#$%&$%! 1.! Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 3! 2.! Livelihood Fundamentals ...................................................................................................................... 4! 2.1.Transition Facility livelihoods discussion ...................................................................................... 4! 2.2.Transition facility entrepreneurship training: ................................................................................ 5! 2.2.1.Pre-Training Stage and Training of Trainers .......................................................................... 5! 2.2.2.Training Stage ........................................................................................................................ 6! 2.2.3.Post-Training Stage ............................................................................................................... 7! 3.! Livelihood Start-Up Kits ......................................................................................................................... 7! 3.1.Agreement on modality ................................................................................................................ 8! 3.2.Formation of Start-Up Kit Contents Lists ...................................................................................... 8! 3.3.Procurement ............................................................................................................................... 14! 3.4.Transport and Storage ............................................................................................................... 19! 3.5.Confirmation of Contents of Kits ................................................................................................ 21! 3.6.Distribution to XCs ..................................................................................................................... 21! 3.7.Timeline / Procurement Plan ...................................................................................................... 22! 4.! Livelihood Opportunities ...................................................................................................................... 23! 4.1.Objectives of State Level Reintegration Livelihoods Support .................................................... 23! 4.2.Training Preparations ................................................................................................................. 23! 4.3.Training Content ......................................................................................................................... 24! 4.4.Cooperatives - Initiating livelihood opportunities through associations/ cooperatives ............... 25! 4.4.1.Village meetings and Formation of Cooperatives: ............................................................... 26! 4.4.2.Training on Cooperative formation: ...................................................................................... 26! 4.5.Individual Business Trainings ..................................................................................................... 27! 4.5.1.Business Development (non-agricultural) ............................................................................ 27! 4.5.2.Small Farming Business (Agricultural) ................................................................................. 28! 4.6.Implementation and Method of Delivery – State-based Livelihoods Support Trainings ............. 28! 4.7.Education support ...................................................................................................................... 30! 5.! Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................................................... 30! 6.! Reporting ............................................................................................................................................. 31! 2 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 1. Introduction Tasks to be performed by UNICON: UNICON has been contracted to conduct livelihoods support activities for ex-combatants in the four states of reintegration – namely Lakes, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal and Northern Bahr el Ghazal. Livelihood activities will be offered in three primary tracks: 1) Livelihood fundamentals in Mapel Transition Facility 2) Livelihood start-up kits 3) Livelihood opportunities in the states a. Initiating livelihood opportunities through associations/ cooperatives. b. Initiating livelihood opportunities through partnerships or individual training – including options for business development training & small farm business training, and c. Adult & formal education opportunity identification and vouchers. The livelihoods support component will also include: 1) Monitoring and evaluation 2) Reporting The UNICON team: The core UNICON team consists of: • Rustam Davletkhanov: Project management and oversight • Goder Yohannes: Field team leader • Gautam Raj Jain: Training Specialist • Jediel Muthuri: Procurement Specialist. Implementing partners: The team will be supported by two locally based NGOs; namely BRAC and CRADA; while BRAC will support the actual training process, CRADA is tasked with the responsibility of recruiting and managing the trainers both while at the TF and when in the States. Trainers and field staff: August 21st - Nov. 13thth. UNICON, through CRADA, will recruit ten trainers who will deliver in the training of the combatants in the Mapel Center. Eight of this will proceed to be based in the four participating States and continue supporting and counseling ex- combatants on entrepreneurship development and formation of cooperatives. The trainers will Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 be assigned to states once the ICRS caseworkers complete their livelihood discussions and confirm each XC’s location of reintegration. To facilitate easier rapport and communication, we had required that the profile of the trainers included proficiency in Juba Arabic and English with a preference for Dinka speakers. Those selected are all South Sudanese and do answer to the profile. They are: 1. Lodiong John Duku 2. Ghar Malual Ghar 3. Adire Simon deng 4. Chol Kir Peter 5. Kanybil Albino Noon 6. Biar Abraham Dhiew 7. John Gbazamanji Samuel 8. Jacob Aguer Mayen 9. Deng James Manyok 10. Khor Gatwech Chan 11. Puok Kir Jacob (Standby trainer) Finally, UNICON has engaged four State Training Coordinators responsible for coordinating the training teams, mentoring the staff at SPMUs, and preparing periodic progress reports. Interviews were held, with the team leader, NDDRC (Dir. Reintegration) and CRADA in the panel. Of the 10 trainers above, 2 have been selected to act as state training coordinators, with the other 2 state training coordinators selected through the interviews. The state training coordinators will begin their work on September 6th, 2013., As in the case of the trainers, we also preferred a profile that could facilitate easier communication and understanding between staff and beneficiaries. The profile has been satisfied. The remaining two State Training Coordinators will join the trainers in Mapel starting no later than September 5th, 2013. Livelihood project preparation/inception report: The inception report was prepared, appraised and approved by the NDDRC and the World Bank. 2. Livelihood Fundamentals Timeframe: Training of Trainers: Aug 21st-Aug 31st; Livelihood Discussions: Sept 2nd -7th 2013; Financial Literacy, Cooperatives and Entrepreneurship Trainings 2.1. Transition Facility livelihoods discussion 4 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support The livelihood discussions will be conducted by ICRS caseworkers which is scheduled to be conducted from September 2nd-7th. This exchange is expected to inform the UNICON procurement process in finalizing the trainings chosen by the ex-combatant during Mapel and determining the number of ex-combatants who opt to further their education and will not need to be considered for start-up kits. These discussions will also include confirmation of the intended location of reintegration which will determine to which states the start-up kits are sent as well as the work schedule of the state-based trainers that will assist in the formation of cooperatives. 2.2. Transition facility entrepreneurship training: UNICON is tasked with the responsibility to train ex-combatants in financial literacy, small business development and cooperatives, including the formation of private, and joint ventures and cooperatives. The training will be delivered in 10 days (60 hours) in the Mapel Center. A total of 60 hours of training has been planned to be delivered to ex-combatants. Out of these 60 hours, about 27 hours of inputs will be on financial literacy and another 33 hours will be dedicated to entrepreneurship and Cooperatives. A balance will be maintained between theory and practice – learning by doing and simulated interaction will be encouraged. The Curriculum and the training modules have been finalized and shared with the World Bank and underwent a peer review and received a no objection. BRAC and CRADA have been sub-contracted to support the reintegration trainings. The trainers have been selected and contracted by CRADA. BRAC is directly supporting the Training Specialist preparing and delivering the Mapel training component which involves the preparation of the training curriculum and the design of the training modules already appraised and approved by the PMU and TDRP. The strategy of the training is explained in the following three stages. 2.2.1. Pre-Training Stage and Training of Trainers • Analyzed Training Needs of Ex-combatants based on briefs and extensive discussions with colleagues who interacted with and directly trained ex-combatants including UNESCO vocational training and Literacy specialist. • Finalized the training inputs, methods and approach, and prepared modules for the training of trainers • Developed initial modules for training of trainers • Conduct a 10 day training for trainers and train 10 trainers who have been contracted by Christian Recovery and Development Agent (CRADA) with the support of BRAC. The training of trainers is scheduled for ten days from August 21st to August 31st. The training Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 of ex-combatants will follow immediately on September 2nd and will be concluded on September 12th. • Develop posters for creating business activities, exercises, visuals, format for use in the training of ex-combatants during the TOT and also planning of the post training follow up process 2.2.2. Training Stage Structure of Training for Ex-Combatants • The proposed inputs will be covered in 10 days with 6 hours of Training inputs • 6 sessions per day, each session would be 60 Minutes. A total of 60 session of learning inputs during 10 days to ex-combatants • Three breaks: Morning tea break (30 Minutes), Lunch break (60 Minutes) and evening tea break (30 Minutes) • Ex-combatant will be divided into 10 groups on the basis of their technical skills but mixed with varying level of and literacy Training Modules Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: Expectation and Commitment Module 2: Financial Literacy Module 3: Business and Market Module 4: Key activities of a Business, Cooperatives Financial aspects of Business Module 5: Selecting a Business and Cooperatives Format Module 6: Steps in Starting a Business Module 7: Business Skills Development in Cooperatives Module 8: Behavioral Skills in entrepreneurship and Cooperatives Module 9: Team Building and Management of Cooperatives Module 10: Business Plan for setting up Cooperatives Module 11: Enterprise Management: Sales and Marketing Module 12: Enterprise Management: Purchasing Module 13: Enterprise Management: Work Place Management Module 14: Enterprise Management: Book-keeping Module 15: Concluding and action Plan for setting up Cooperatives Training Process The learning process involves a comprehensive development approach, which covers aspects involving motivational and behavioral qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives and also key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training ensures that 6 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support participants take key decisions during training pertaining to t the areas such as selecting a business idea, identify key resources required to be in business, locations of the business and other partners. The training process will use the following learning methods extensively: • Experiential learning – simulations and role plays • Participatory method – learning by doing • Visuals and illustration • Awareness generation- through market visit and interaction of entrepreneurs and consumers • Individual counseling • Practice sessions 2.2.3. Post-Training Stage • Follow up to assess the progress by the Trainees • Problem solving • Motivating / reinforcing • Conducting short modules on setting up cooperatives for ex-combatants along with their community • Filling up of forms and instituting formats for use by ex-combatants for their businesses • Guide for Registration of their cooperatives Staff to be involved: The training specialist is central to the delivery of this task. He will lead the preparation of all the necessary components for the effective delivery of the training. He will be supported by the team leader, BRAC staff and the 10 state trainers. One NDDRC Reintegration Staff has joined the ToT session so as to ensure capacity building and sustainability of services. Task Output: Ex-combatants trained in fundamental financial skills and the development of small business including private, joint and cooperatives. 3. Livelihood Start-Up Kits Timeframe: July 18 – October 29-30-31st The second major task that UNICON is contracted to deliver is the procurement and delivery of a start-up kit that will enhance the efforts of ex-combatants to engage in productive and gainful employment; be it as a private venture or in a joint and cooperative set ups. Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 There are six key steps in the task of start-up kit distribution: 1. Agreement on Modality 2. Formation of Start-Up Kit Content Lists 3. Procurement 4. Transport & Storage 5. Confirmation of Contents of Kits 6. Distribution to XCs 3.1. Agreement on modality The NDDRC leadership has directed UNICON that the start-up kits will correlate to the vocational training chosen by the ex-combatant at the Mapel Transitional Facility. In keeping with the 8 Vocational Trainings being conducted in Mapel, there will be 8 varieties of start-up kits: 1. Agriculture 2. Carpentry 3. Electrical 4. Plumbing 5. Auto-Mechanic/ Driving 6. Animal Husbandry 7. Welding 8. Masonry An ex-combatant may opt to receive no start-up kit but instead receive a voucher for education. This choice will be determined in the week of Sept 2-7 during the ICRS caseworkers livelihood discussions. 3.2. Formation of Start-Up Kit Contents Lists Before launching the actual procurement process, it was necessary to consult with stakeholders including the Department of Vocational Training in the Ministry of Labor and its field based Multipurpose Training Centers (MTCs) in Juba and Wau, and partners including FAO, UNESCO and UNDP. The Ministry of Labor and the MTCs were approached because of their role and authority to set national standards; especially so in policy and curriculum. The Juba MTC provided a list of tools for each vocation including for Carpentry, Masonry, Electrical engineering, plumbing, car mechanics, and welding. Because the Ministry was not involved in agricultural activities, FAO was requested to provide standard kits for Agriculture and animal husbandry. 8 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support As a second step, the UNESCO trainers in Mapel were requested to prepare what they consider to be priority tools that need to be included in a kit so as to enable an ex-combatant to promptly and independently engage in a vocation of his/her choice. At this point, the lists were cross-checked to confirm that the tools in the Mapel list are reflected in the standard tools as provided by the MTC and FAO and further discussions were held with the vocational trainers in Mapel to finalize each of the package contents. The list was then preliminarily priced and submitted to the NDDRC for a non-objection. The Consultant team has prepared contents for each of the 8 toolkits mentioned above. These details are presented below: Kit No.1 Agricultural Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit General 1 Hoe 3lb No 5 2 Pangas 16lb No 5 3 Slasher No 5 4 Pick Axe 51lb No 3 5 Fork Hoes 31/2lb No 5 6 Spade No 3 7 Wheelbarrow No 2 8 Gardet Trowel No 4 9 Axe-3lb No 2 10 Watering Can-Plastic No 6 11 Rakes No 4 12 Secateur No 4 13 Fork spade No 5 14 Mouldboard No 1 Agricultural Seeds 1 Onions -Red Creole-50g tin tin 3 2 Tomatoes Money Maker-50gm tin 3 3 Egg Plants -Black beauty-50gm tin 3 4 Okra-finger ladies-50gms 10 5 Cabbage -drum head-50gms 3 6 Cowpeas-2kg 5 7 Kales thousand head-50gms 3 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 8 Pepper -250gms 2 Field Crop Seeds 1 Maize-Longer1 2kg pkt 5 2 Beans-K131,K132 2kg pkt 5 3 Soya beans 2kg pkt 5 Kit No 2 Auto Mechanical Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Ring Spanner (6-20) Set 1 2 Open ended spanner-(6-20) Set 2 3 Combinations spanner-(6-20) Set 1 4 Plug Spanner-(14mmx18mm No 1 5 Pliers No 1 6 Hammer Claw No 1 7 Filter Spanner No 1 8 Set of Flat screw driver Set 1 9 Set of star screw driver set 1 10 Hydraulic Jack-30tons No 1 11 Greese gun No 1 12 Wheel Spanner No 1 13 Pipe range No 1 14 Metric/AF chrome Vanadium tool Kit(16") No 1 Kit No.3 Carpentry Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Pencil Doz 5 2 Jack Plane No 2 3 Hand saw-24" No 2 4 Back or Trandor saw No 2 5 Measuring tape No 2 6 marking gauge No 2 7 Try Square 12’’ 2 8 Firmer, bevel,edge hammer, paring, No 2 mortise chisel 10 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 9 Exter hammer,warrington No 2 hammer,claw hammer 10 Mallet No 2 11 Extracting No 2 12 Spoke shave No 2 13 Square,bevel and guage No 2 14 Plane brace and ratchet brace No 2 15 Plate Screw driver No 2 16 Oil Stone No 2 17 Plier No 2 18 G Cramp No 2 19 Joiners cramp No 2 20 Twist grimlet No 2 Kit No 4 Electrical Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Long nose pliers No 1 2 Pliers No 5 3 Cable cutter(Plier) No 1 4 Electrician Hammer No 1 5 Hammer drill No 1 6 Full set of Screw drivers No 1 7 Digital Multi-meter No 1 8 Meter (5m) No 1 9 Electrical knife No 1 10 Hammer No 1 11 Spirit level(40cm) No 1 12 Test Screw driver No 1 13 Allen Keys-facom make No 1 14 Mega meter-earth continuity No 1 15 Safety boots-normal Pair 1 16 OverCoats-Twill No 1 Kit No. 5 Masonry Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 1 Trowels (bricklaying trowels with pcs 1 wooden handle GD 35 or GD 40) 2 Floats pcs 1 3 Spirit level 60 cm pcs 1 4 Plum bab pcs 1 5 Hammer plastic pcs 1 6 Angle/Tri Square (Midium size (steel pcs 1 blade with wooden stock) 7 spades pcs 1 8 tape measure (5m) pcs 1 9 mason line pcs 1 10 Cement bags 11 String Level 1 12 Pointing Trowel 1 13 Plastic float 1 14 Metal float 1 15 Wooden float 1 16 Measuring tape 1 17 Clow Hammer - small 1 18 Clow Hammer - big 1 19 Cold chisel 1 20 Line and pines 1 21 Chalk line 1 22 Hack saw frames - metal 1 23 Hack saw - Blades -for iron bar cuttin 1 24 Tool Box 1 25 Tile cutter 1 26 Internal angle trawel 1 27 External angle trawel 1 28 Assorter hand saws set 1 29 Building square 1 30 Tooling Jointers 1 Kit No 6 Plumbing Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Die set 1/2, 1-11/2 Set 1 2 Pipe wheel cutter No 1 3 Pipe wrench12" No 1 12 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 4 Pipe wrench14" No 1 5 Sledge Hammer 250gm No 1 6 Measurement tape(5m) No 1 7 Chesels (for breaking cement walls) No 1 8 Pliers for cutting rubber pipes No 1 9 Framing/ Try Sqaure No 1 10 Spirit level 40cm-pcs +ID No 1 11 Philip screw drivers (small, medium Set 1 and large sets) 12 Flat Screw drivers (small, medium Set 1 and large sets) 13 Grip pliers No 1 14 Plumb bob No 1 15 Mortar pan No 1 16 Pipes Vice No 1 17 Rowel jumper bit No 1 18 Adjustable pliers No 1 19 Trowels No 1 20 Hacksaw frames and blades No 1 21 Spades No 1 22 Hand Drill machine No 1 23 Hand bending machine No 1 24 Wheel barrow No 1 Kit No.7 Welding Tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Overall No 1 2 Safety boots with metal Pr 1 3 Gloves Leather Pr 1 4 Welding Mask No 1 5 Clear Goggle Pr 1 6 Angle grinder 9" No 1 7 Grinding Disc 9" No 1 8 Cutting Disc 9" No 1 9 Welding rods E6013,2.5mm-30kg No 1 10 Bench Vice-8kgs No 1 11 Wire Brush No 1 12 Puncher No 1 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 13 Scriber No 1 14 Steel rule No 1 15 Tri-Square No 1 16 Tape Measure 5m No 1 17 Hand drilling machine No 1 18 Hard Helmet No 1 19 Hacksaw frame No 1 20 Hacksaw blades No 1 Kit No.8 Animal husbandry tools Item Description Unit of Quantity No. measure- Required ment per kit 1 Goats (live) (4F+1M) No 5 2 Chicken (live) (4F+1M) No 5 3 Wooden pools (construction) No 12 4 Tin plates (roofing) No 5 We expect to receive no objection on contents of each of the toolkits by 3 September 2013. Upon receiving no-objection from NDDRC and World Bank, we will proceed to next step – Procurement process. 3.3. Procurement After obtaining a no objection described above, UNICON will then call for suppliers to submit sealed quotations that will be opened and awarded by an independent committee on 8 September 2013. The following procurement process (and timing) will be followed: • Call for bids from potential suppliers - 3 Sep 2013 • Receive quotations from suppliers - 8 Sep 2013 • Evaluation of received bids - 11 Sep 2013 • Approval from NDDRC/WB - 16 Sep 2013 • Notification of award to suppliers - 17 Sep 2013 • Contract award - 20 Sep 2013 • Delivery of goods - starting from 10 Oct 2013 We have already identified potential suppliers of goods and this list is presented below. We would like to note that we do not want to segregate from the beginning international 14 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support procurement from local, and let the suppliers provide us details on what exactly they can provide. Upon receiving their proposals on 8 September 2013, we can see which ones are able to provide goods per each of the toolkits. Our proposal is that each of the toolkit shall be presented as separate Lot and each supplier can provide quotation for one lot or more. The Contracting party would then evaluate all lots separately. Potential suppliers that would be called for bidding are: # Company Name Country Contact details Contact person Kits that could be potentially provided 1 East African Seed (U) Uganda Plot 582, Bombo Road, William Kimeto K. 1 Agriculture tools Ltd, Kawempe kimeto06@yahoo. P.O. Box 3678 Kampala- com Uganda Tel: +256-414-566585/ +256 (0) 392 773321 Email: info.ug@easeed.com Mobile: +256-(0)-776 636 040/ +256-(0)-704 223 303 Website: www.easeed.com 2 Aim Global South Juba, Saring Building, Hai Antonny 1 Agriculture tools Agribusiness Quality Sudan Malakal Seeds aimglobaljuba@g 8 Animal Husbandry P.O. Box Private bag mail.com +211 (0) 955517060, +211 (0) 955517061 3 Century Seeds Co. South Yei Man Street, Opposite Diana Ware 1 Agriculture tools Ltd. Sudan Sudan Micro Finance Institute SUMI General Manager +211 954 286 966 centisud@yahoo.c om +211 955 037 040 centisud@gmail.c www.centuryseedsyei.com om Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 4 Dryland Seed Ltd. Kenya P.O. Box 1438 – 90100 Mutheu Ngila 1 Agriculture tools Machakos, Kenya mutheu.ngila@gm ail.com Tel: +254-44-21449, +254- 722-829287 dslseeds@yahoo. com www.drylandseed.com 5 Alibhai Shariff Group Kenya Located close to the Panari Hitesh Panara 1 Agriculture tools Sky Centre Alibhai Shariff Builders World Mpaka Road, hitesh@alibhaisha 2 Auto Mechanical Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya, riffhire.co.ke Tools Tel: + 254 (20) 690 5159 / 3 Carpentry Tools 5128 4 Electrical Tools Cell: + 254 (0) 721 245 735 I 5 Masonry Tools Fax: +254 2(0) 690 5115 6 Plumbing Tools www.alibhaishariff.com 7 Welding Tools 6 Toolcrafts Ltd. Kenya P.O. Box 44993 - 00100 Ashish Patel 1 Agriculture tools GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. ashish@toolcrafts. 2 Auto Mechanical Tel: 651345, 651346 com Tools Fax: (254-20) 559979 3 Carpentry Tools email: info@toolcrafts.com, 4 Electrical Tools www.toolcrafts.com 5 Masonry Tools 6 Plumbing Tools 7 Welding Tools 7 Devsons Industries Kenya Baringo Road, Birju B. Shah. 1 Agriculture tools Ltd. Mombasa, Kenya. Email: 2 Auto Mechanical birju@devsons.co. Tools Tel: +254 41 2495493 / ke 2492809 3 Carpentry Tools Mobile: +254 722 841536 4 Electrical Tools 16 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Fax: +254 41 2491219 5 Masonry Tools Website: www.devsons.co.ke 6 Plumbing Tools 7 Welding Tools 8 City Logistics Ltd. South Atlaebara, Tumbura Road, George 1 Agriculture tools Sudan Juba citylogistics1@hot mail.com 2 Auto Mechanical +211-921-103-701 Tools www.citylogisticltd.com 3 Carpentry Tools 4 Electrical Tools 5 Masonry Tools 6 Plumbing Tools 7 Welding Tools 9 Nzou Group of Co. South Plot No 139 Block No AX111 Tutu Stephen 1 Agriculture tools Ltd. Sudan Hai Malakal, Off Hai Cenima- nzougroup@gmail 2 Auto Mechanical Konyo Rd, after the bridge, .com Tools Juba info@nzougroup.c 3 Carpentry Tools Tel: 0955 236 460/ 0922 om 186 692 4 Electrical Tools 0954582 244/ 0977 108 350 5 Masonry Tools www.nzougroup.com 6 Plumbing Tools 7 Welding Tools 10 Consumasters South Hai Amarat, Plot 55, Block Peter Mukhebi 1 Agriculture tools Company Limited Sudan 15, off Ministries Road, pmukhebi@consu 2 Auto Mechanical Juba, South Sudan, masters.com Tools Tel: +254 715 989 799 3 Carpentry Tools +249 955 020 030, +249 929 4 Electrical Tools 896 189, +256 477 112 677, Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 +249 955 891 460 5 Masonry Tools Email: 6 Plumbing Tools info@consumasters.com 7 Welding Tools www.consumasters.com 11 Moulders South Plot 33 Hai Neem Juba, Rodney Williams, 1 Agriculture tools Sudan South Sudan. moulderss@yahoo 2 Auto Mechanical Tel: 0955020504, .co.uk Tools 0477106336 3 Carpentry Tools 4 Electrical Tools 5 Masonry Tools 6 Plumbing Tools 7 Welding Tools 12 High Ratio Ltd. Kenya Physical Address: Baricho Ashe 2 Auto Mechanical Road, Industrial Area, Nairobi Tools highratio@iconnec Postal Address: P.O. Box t.co.ke 477, The Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Nairobi Telephone No.s: +254 20 536744, 556256, 558583 Mobile No: +254 (0) 733 633350 4x4parts@highratioltd.com www.highratioltd.com 13 Doshi Group of Kenya P O Box 40671-00100 GPO Virendra Prajapati 3 Carpentry Tools Companies Nairobi Kenya gm- 5 Masonry Tools Tel: +254-703 030 300 dch@msa.doshigr oup.com Fax: +254-703 030 333 18 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support P O Box 80343-80100 Mombasa, Kenya Tel: +254-041-2224414, 2223013 Cell: +254-751483999/750- 411555 Fax: +254-041-2229904, 2224526 14 Maisha Tools Ltd. Kenya P.O. Box 78642, Nairobi Ashik Karena 7 Welding Tools 00507 maisha@maishato Tel: (020) 553412, 535373, ols.com 533585 Fax: (020) 557979 Mobile: 0723 721 019, 0734 322 593 mt@africaonline.co.ke 15 Aquva International Uganda Shop No. 65, Plot 1 Sure Abir 7 Welding Tools House, Bombo Road, Kampala aquva.das@utlonli ne.co.ug P.O. Box 22514 Tel: (041) 256 171/2 Fax: 256-41-256192 It is our assumption that due to prices provided by bidders, we might not be able to procure toolkits in their full components as presented in this document. If prices will go above our available total ceiling, then we will need to reconsider packaging and, perhaps, remove some of the items to fit into budget limits. We will make subsequent proposals to NDDRC and will follow their guidance on final composition of toolkits based on prices provided by suppliers. 3.4. Transport and Storage In our call for bidding, we will ask potential suppliers to provide costs of goods and also include, as separate budget line, cost of delivery of these goods to State offices. We understand however, that it might be difficult for all of the potential suppliers to provide transportation of Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 goods as well. Therefore, we have prepared a list of potential logistics companies whom we could engage for transportation services. The list includes the following organizations: # Name Contact details 1 Moulders Plot 33 Hai Neem Juba, South Sudan. Tel: 0955020504, 0477106336 Contact person: Rodney Williams, moulderss@yahoo.co.uk 2 Dettra Logistics Madonna House, 3rd Floor, Suite 3D, P.O. Box 58182-00200, Westlands, Nairobi Tel: +254-20-4452674/ 4450937, Wireless: 020-2150082, Website: www.dettralogistics.net Mobile: +254720691139/722290455 Contact person: Cyrus Mwangi Email: info@dettralogistics.net 3 Bollore Africa Logistics Airport North Road, Embakasi | P O Box 46586, 00100 | Nairobi Kenya Limited - Kenya Tel: +254 20 642 1778 | Fax: +254 20 642 1007 www.bollore-africa-logistics.com Contact person: Timon Kipchirchir Rutto (Pricing Officer, Commercial Department) Mobile: +254 726 215 928 E-mail: Timon.rutto@bollore.com 4 Kenfreight EA Ltd. Head office - Kenya/ Mombasa: MSC Plaza – Moi Avenue; P.O. Box 88598 – 80100 Mombasa P: +254-41-2316800 | M: +254 717 83 05 62 | F: +254-41- 2316115 | South Sudan Head Office: Across Awale yard, Jebel Kujur, Juba www.kenfreightgroup.com 20 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Contact person: Roel Derudder (General Manager) rderudder@kenfreight.co.ke Separate Request for Quotation will be sent to the above-mentioned organizations for comparison of prices when Suppliers of Goods will present their proposals. We are currently in discussions with UNMISS to use their warehousing facilities in States. As it currently stands, goods can be delivered to UNMISS’s warehouses and kept there until distribution of kits takes place. 3.5. Confirmation of Contents of Kits We will ask the bidders to indicate whether they can supply goods to Juba only or to States directly. Depending on this, a quality control will be carried out to ensure that goods delivered correspond to the goods ordered. We anticipate that goods will be delivered to States directly and in this case, we will check contents of delivered kits on site prior to storage at UNMISS warehouses. If goods will be delivered first to Juba, then we will do a random check of goods to ensure that they correspond to the order and then dispatch them to the States via different logistics company, identified above. This logistics company will have responsibility to deliver goods as is and second quality check will be done already at State level, again – prior to locking up at UNMISS facilities. 3.6. Distribution to XCs The NDDRC will be responsible for conveying the information regarding the kit distribution days to the ex-combatants. This must be done through a variety of media, and should include public distribution methods such as radio. The kits are expected to be delivered in the State NDDRC Offices by October 28th and distributed to ex-combatants the 29th, 30th and 31st of October against a signature by the ex- combatant and cosigning by an NDDRC State officer, an NDDRC HQ officer, and a UNICON State Coordinator. Those kits which may not be collected on the appointed dates will be passed on to the NDDRC State Offices for distribution. The above mentioned signing off arrangements will apply. At this point the NDDRC will be responsible for further storage and remaining distribution to XCs. These should continue to require co-signing for confirmation of contents and receipt. Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 22 3.7. Timeline / Procurement Plan SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Staff involved: Goder Yohannes – Team Leader, UNICON Jediel Muthuri – Procurement Specialist - UNICON Peter Garang – Procurement Director, NDDRC Rev. Saturnino Lado – Reintegration Director, NDDRC UNICON State Training Coordinators Expected Output: Start-up tool kits for all ex-combatants except those who opt to further their education. The latter will receive education vouchers to partially meet their educational fees. 4. Livelihood Opportunities Field activities: September 23rd – November 13th 2013) Following the Mapel based entrepreneurship trainings, UNICON will conduct further trainings through cooperatives, partnerships or individual training – including options for business development training & small farm business training. Trainers will be out posted in their respective States of assignment from September 23rd – November 13th 2013. After allowing the ex-combatants and the trainers sufficient time to return to their places of residence following the September 15th close of the Mapel Transitional Facility and assignment respectively, the trainers will start to provide field (State) based support the week beginning the 23rdof September. 4.1. Objectives of State Level Reintegration Livelihoods Support 1. To support the ex-combatants to utilize the Vocational, Literacy and Life Skills trainings gained at the Mapel Transition Facility toward productive livelihoods in their communities of return. 2. To reinforce and facilitate the ex-combatants’ decision on start-up of their business enterprises during the training at Mapel as individual, partnership and/or cooperatives. 3. To assist in cooperative formation and offer subsequent training to ex-combatants along with community members who wish to join in formation of cooperatives and management of cooperatives in different technical sectors 4. To assist individuals/partnerships in business activities and trainings by offering further training to ex-combatants in business development, start-up and management of individual and partnership based enterprises including 1) Individual or Partnership micro-enterprise skills training as correlated to the vocational trainings received in the Mapel Transition Facility and 2) Individual or Partnership Small Farm business skills training. 5. To assist ex-combatants services in handling the start-up and management process such as board formation, marketing and book-keeping initially 6. To offer advice in initial troubleshooting such as lack of support family members or community or selection of location appropriate to the opportunities. 7. To assess options for formal education and, where acceptable alternative in education is presented, the pilot will provide vouchers 4.2. Training Preparations A 10 day Training of Trainers in Financial Literacy, Entrepreneurship and Cooperatives has been concluded on August 30th, 2013. The training has fully equipped the 10 trainers in a comprehensive development approach, which covers aspects involving motivational and behavioral qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives and key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training process also ensured that trainers are able to design curricula for meeting different needs of ex-combatants in the field covering different need-based capacity building training leading to setting up individual and partnership based Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 enterprises and/or cooperatives in relevant technical sector including farm houses, animal husbandry and so on. Most importantly, the trainers have been equipped with a complete training kit for each module which can be used for conducting the training at Mapel as well as at the state level. They have adequate flexibility to offer the learning in small modules to focus on further strengthening skills in business development or formation of cooperative among ex- combatants along with their partners or community members. Trainers have been prepared to offer training and follow up with ex-combatants for reinforcing the progress toward enterprise formation. It is expected that the trainers may have to offer training at the state level broadly in the areas of business development, start-up of individual/partnership enterprises, formation of cooperatives, and at later stage offer training of management of enterprises. With regard to follow up assistance, trainers are prepared to offer a wide range of services which will include: selecting a business opportunity including value added opportunities, in cooperatives, motivating ex-combatants and community for setting up cooperatives and offer services in preparation of business plan, launch of cooperative and handling subsequent cooperative management issues including formation of board and book- keeping, acquiring necessary inputs, locations of the business, name of cooperatives and other legal processes relevant at the stage of enterprise development.. Similarly, trainers would be able to offer assistance in setting up individual and/partnership based enterprises with regard to preparation of business plan, marketing, financial records keeping. The effective delivery of the training component requires knowledge of Dinka, the popular local language, and/or Juba Arabic. Also, the State level training will require knowledge of and working experience in the socio-economic and cultural fabric of communities in South Sudan; ideally of the Pilot area. UNICON is ultimately responsible for the quality of the services it has been contracted to deliver, and has subcontracted the actual delivery to a locally established NGO to closely oversee the implementation process. This arrangement and the experience of the sub-contracted NGO will benefit the training, possibly the efficient procurement and distribution of the start-up kits, and the planned follow-up trainings. 4.3. Training Content The following framework of activities is the base of the state-based training curriculum. The exact curriculum for the state-based trainings on cooperatives and individual small-business training, including agriculture and agri-business will be finalized by September 12th 2013. A. Mobilization and Sensitization 1 Benefits of Business and Cooperative 2 Value added services through Cooperatives 3 People volunteers to join ex-combatant in establishment of cooperatives of partnership 4 Revisit Ex-combatants on their decisions to individuals/partnership/Cooperatives 5 Need assessment of services for establishment of their business as individuals and cooperatives 6 Preparing the work plan for services (counselling and assistance) and training 24 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support B. Assistance in Establishment of Businesses in each technical trade 1 Business Plan 2 Location selection 3 Name of the Business 4 Legal Procedure (Registration) if needed 5 Opening Bank Account if needed 6 Formation of Board 7 Organization of Production/Farm establishment 8 Resource Mobilization (inputs) 9 Implementation of formats for record Keeping 10 Arrange Technical inputs pertaining to their business with local experts/institutions C(a) Start-up Training 1 Business Development 2 Cooperative formation 3 Start-up of Individual and Partnership 4 Business plan Preparation 5 Business Skills Development C(b) Cooperative Management 1 Legal Process and requirements 2 Marketing and Sales 3 Purchasing plan 4 Production and Work Place 5 Book-keeping Practices 4.4. Cooperatives - Initiating livelihood opportunities through associations/ cooperatives The suggested economic association/cooperative module is intended to create economic opportunities for ex-combatants and support their reintegration into the communities where they will return. Cooperatives receiving support through this program must have a minimum of 3 ex- combatants. These associations would also include an average of 30% community members and as such enhance both the social capital of ex-combatants generally and specifically the economic potential of the ex-combatants because the community members joining associations will already have both experience and knowledge in the economic activity of that association. Our team will assist those who would like to form cooperatives, providing the following support: • Advise on legal background of cooperative formation • Assist in developing corporate governance, at basic level, for these cooperatives • Assist in Board formation and start-up activities • Organizational advisory such as: opening bank account, marketing skills, etc. • Assist in creation of business plans • Provide on-going trainings in running cooperatives, business development, strategies, and other relevant skills required for proper cooperatives functioning Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 The curriculum discussed above will be developed to provide additional detail to this content. At this stage, it is unknown how many participating ex-combatants would like to form cooperatives. After the ICRS caseworkers conduct the livelihoods discussions and the UNICON trainers hold discussions with participating ex-combatants at the Mapel Transition Facility during the trainings, it will be clear what number of participating ex-combatants is interested to form cooperatives. Stages in Setting up Cooperatives Below we list actions that are required to be undertaken for successful formation of cooperatives. UNICON team of trainers will assist ex-combatants who choose the option of cooperative formation throughout this process. Curriculum for training with modules will submitted to the World Bank for review and non- objection to be finalized by Sept 12th. The exact timing of implementation will be completed once those interested to form cooperatives are identified and locations of reintegration confirmed. At this point the schedule will be worked out by the state coordinators and trainers. 4.4.1. Village meetings and Formation of Cooperatives: Following the Mapel training, UNICON is responsible for supporting the initiation of various livelihoods activities that create economic opportunities for interested ex-combatants and support their reintegration into their respective communities. This will be enhanced further by allowing associations and cooperatives to include about 30% of community members. Following the identification of the economic activity and identification of community members, training will be given on how an association should be formed, governed and managed. The timing, frequency and venue for these activities will be determined after the village meetings and consultations with community leaders and elders. 4.4.2. Training on Cooperative formation: The timing will be determined based on needs identified at the village meetings. The Cooperatives Formation and Operation curriculum will address: • What is a Cooperative • Types of Cooperatives • Why set up a Cooperative • Areas of Cooperative activities (value chains, etc) • What legal structure should be adopted • Cooperative governance • How to run a Cooperative (capital inputs management, basic accounting and business management, Human Resources, profit sharing, social safety nets, saving mechanisms, saving reinvestment plans, etc.) 26 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 4.5. Individual Business Trainings We also expect that some of the participating ex-combatants would prefer to work as individuals or in partnerships of 2-3 people. As with case of cooperatives, we will provide assistance through trainings in fields of business planning, bank accounts operations, bookkeeping and accounting, marketing skills necessary for their businesses, and other relevant skills. • What is a business • Basics of financial reporting and management • Accounting principles, cash management • Searching business opportunities • Marketing, selling of goods and services • Establishing business relations • Background on laws and regulations, how to arbitrate disputes • Sharing business roles and administrations • Managing capital inputs and other business capital The above topics will be offered to all individuals. These classes will be conducted for non- agriculture small business and agriculture/ small farming. The following outlines areas specific to each and demonstrates the need for the 2 types of individual training for the various audiences. 4.5.1. Business development training (non-agricultural) • Business opportunities found in the state and beyond • How to search advice on local opportunities • Ideas generation • Business language • Preparation of a business plan • How and where to source funds • Selling goods, ordering goods, making inventory of goods, counting profits, calculating finances, debt management, proper bookkeeping, etc. • Public and customer relations • Laws and regulations • Sharing business roles and administrations • Basics of financial reporting and management, accounting principles, cash management, etc. 4.5.2. Small Farming Business (Agricultural) • Marketing methods • Small farm management • Packaging/Advertising • Introduction to hybrid models: farming and owning business • Awareness of secondary agriculture endeavours (poultry, animal husbandry, honey making, simple trading shops) Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 4.6. Implementation and Method of Delivery – State-based Livelihoods Support Trainings In the states there will be 4 state training coordinators and 8 trainers. These trainers will be allocated based on intensity of returnees to a particular state. Through the training of trainers process, 10 South Sudanese trainers are now prepared to travel to communities and support cooperative formation and initialization, they are further trained as outlined above on financial literacy and individual and partnership business skills. Two of the trainers will transition and they will become state training coordinator, although they will still be required to conduct trainings. The exact distribution of the trainers will be determined by the state training coordinators together with the Project Manager and Training Specialist once final data is collected on the location of reintegration. However, data collected as of August 30 indicates that of the 280 for whom data was collected, 87 plan to return to Lakes, 84 to Western Bahr el Ghazal, 78 to Warrap and 32 to Northern Bahr el Ghazal. The most recent data was further analyzed to determine what number of cooperatives that could potentially form by location. Overall, it would be possible for up to 42 cooperatives to form, although it is likely to be less given that is assuming all groups of 3+ with related interests from 1 payam would choose to form a cooperative. For design purposes we will work from the premise that there will be 40 cooperatives distributed among 28 payams. If there are less cooperatives materializing, then UNICON will adjust accordingly. 28 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support 3+ XCs in a location with # of Payams with # of XCs Potentially similar or related interests Cooperatives Joining Cooperatives Lakes 11 9 37 Northern BG 4 4 13 Warrap 11 10 36 Western BG 16 5 55 ALL 42 28 141 Training roll-out plan: After the 1st week of the Mapel Entrepreneurship, Cooperatives and Financial Literacy training UNICON state training coordinators, together with the project manager and training specialist will develop a full roll out schedule for visitation and trainings. This must be completed between Sept 8-10 before the ex-combatants complete the Mapel training so they are informed of when they would expect attention. Additionally, this schedule must be signed off on by the NDDRC. For cooperatives, the trainers will travel to the communities of return in the case that 3+ XCs choose to form a cooperative. This will serve approximately 141 of the 290 XCs in the pilot reintegration project. Each cooperative will be visited at least once from Sept 23 rd - Nov 21st. This visit will take no less than 4 days per community, with 2 additional days allocated for training and travel to unique payams. As time allows, while in a particular payam the trainers will also discuss business techniques with any individual XCs in that location. 3+ XCs in a location # of Payams with # of Cooperative with similar or related Cooperatives Support Days interests ! Lakes 11 9 62 Northern BG 4 4 24 Warrap 11 10 64 Western BG 16 5 98 ALL 42 28 248 For individuals, the trainers will not travel to every community. Trainings will match to the above outline of training content for both Business development training (non-agricultural) and small farming business training (agricultural). The centralized individual training will be held 2 times per month in each state in centralized locations and will consist of 2-3 day trainings (Tentative dates: Sept 30-Oct 1, Oct 17-18, Oct 31-Nov 1, Nov 14-15.) For more efficiency, we will cooperate with local PMU offices to target dates of our trainings at the planned time when ex-combatants come to the state offices for salary at the end of month. Transport will not be provided to ex-combatants as these trainings are voluntary services at their disposal. The training of trainers did not cover the depth of the agriculture specific business training required, thus UNICON will explore working with the Ministry of Agriculture and state-based agricultural extension entities to work alongside the state-based trainers to provide such trainings. 4.7. Education support Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 The ex-combatants choose to further their education will be identified from the ICRS database and confirmed through individual discussions to be conducted by ICRS caseworkers – week beginning September 2nd 2013. • Determine locations/ availability of education accelerated learning, secondary, tertiary or further education applicable to the interested individuals – week beginning September 8th 2013. This will be done by UNICON trainers plus the State Coordinators and the State PMU and Reintegration officers • Referral to an educational institution and a voucher/stipend given to an institution the Week beginning October 1st. 5. Monitoring and Evaluation (Ongoing) Monitoring and Evaluation for the overall DDR program will be implemented by the NDDRC with technical support from Adam Smith International. UNICON’s M&E to ensure the expected outputs are realized in a timely manner will be limited to our own activities in livelihoods support, such as trainings and capital inputs. We will work with the M&E consultants (ASI and Integrity) to create an evaluation framework for our activities in the 1st week of September. UNICON team will develop its own model but in close cooperation with other parties to add value. The project manager will work particularly with ASI. Our M&E activities will be on-going with monthly reporting. The reports will include information on the following topics: • Prepare a list with names and DDR ID of who attended which trainings and when • Compile confirmation of receipt of all start-up kits • Compile confirmation of contents for all start-up kits • Activities that were undertaken in given period • Impact of our trainings • Progress made among participants • New risks and opportunities identified • Progress with capital inputs procurement and distribution • Other M&E related activities 6. Reporting (Ongoing) • Weekly UNICON progress reports are and will continue to be prepared and submitted. • State Coordinators will submit monthly reports at the end of each month starting September 30th 2013. • Final report will be submitted November 30th 2013. 30 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex C Phase II Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Prepared for: World Bank & NDDRC MAY 2014 CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 2! INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3! PHASE I OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 5! Pre-training of ex-combatants ................................................................................................................... 5! Training of trainers .................................................................................................................................... 5! Field training ............................................................................................................................................. 6! Start-up toolkits ......................................................................................................................................... 7! PHASE II OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 8! COOPERATIVE/BUSINESS TRAINING OF TRAINERS ............................................................................. 9! FIELD COOPERATIVE/BUSINESS TRAINING ......................................................................................... 10! AGRICULTURAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS ............................................................................................ 12! FIELD AGRICULTURAL TRAINING .......................................................................................................... 13! VOCATIONAL TRAINING .......................................................................................................................... 15! MASTER VISITS ........................................................................................................................................ 16! ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS....................................................................................................................... 17! LESSONS LEARNED................................................................................................................................. 18! MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................................................................................................ 19! REPORTING .............................................................................................................................................. 20! Appendix 1: Workplan ................................................................................................................................ 21! Appendix 2: Contact List............................................................................................................................. 22! Appendix 3: Ex-combatant training form .................................................................................................... 23! Appendix 4: Attendance form ..................................................................................................................... 24! Appendix 5: Weekly Training Report .......................................................................................................... 25! Appendix 6: Monthly Training Report ......................................................................................................... 27! Appendix 7: TOT Attendance Sheets ......................................................................................................... 28! Appendix 8: Supplementary Training Information ...................................................................................... 30! Appendix 9: Training Refusal Form ............................................................................................................ 31! 2 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support INTRODUCTION UNICON has been contracted to conduct Livelihood Support activities (component three) of the South Sudan National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) Pilot Reintegration Project. The Livelihood Support activities, for this Pilot project, are targeting a group of 290 ex-combatants in the states of Lakes, Warrap, Western Bahr el Ghazal and Northern Bahr el Ghazal. The Pilot Reintegration Project livelihood component has been divided into 2 phases in order to facilitate gradual return of the ex-combatants into the community as well as to ensure their final and irreversible reintegration at the end of the activities. Phase I is designed to provide the ex-combatants with the initial training as well as the start-up toolkit and includes the following sub-components: • Livelihood fundamentals; • Livelihood capital input/start-up toolkit; • Livelihood opportunities project initiation: o Through cooperatives/associations; o Through partnerships/individual training; • Monitoring and evaluation; • Reporting. Phase II will build on the achievements of Phase I to further train the ex-combatants in the chosen area of interest. In addition, supplementary training will be provided in cooperative business operation and financial management. Following are the sub-components of Phase II: • Follow-up Entrepreneurship, Financial Literacy & Association and Cooperatives Training; • Training and mentoring of NDDRC outreach staff in entrepreneurship, financial literacy and association/cooperatives; • Coordination of Agricultural Extension in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers; Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 • Training of Ministry of Agriculture extension workers in best practices and appropriate farming techniques for the ex-combatants of Greater Bahr el Ghazal choosing agriculture; • Facilitation of Targeted Vocational Trainings being provided to XCs via vocational training centers; • Implementation of an Apprenticeship/Secondment program for interested XCs in vocational skills not covered through the targeted vocational trainings or agriculture; • Monitoring and evaluation; • Reporting. The above sub-components will be performed in accordance with the Work Plan (Appendix 1) in close cooperation with TDRP, NDDRC HQ PMU, Ministry of Agriculture and NDDRC state offices. While participation of the ex-combatants in the training is voluntary, it is anticipated that the major part of the pilot group of 290 ex-combatants will express interest in receiving additional business, vocational and/or agricultural training. UNICON team for Phase II of the Project will consist of the following specialists 1: • Rustam Davletkhanov: International Project Director • Sergey Burnaev: International Project Manager • Gautam Raj Jain: International Business Trainings Specialist • Beth Oliver: International Agricultural Training Specialist • Angelous Odego: National Agricultural Training Specialist • Adire Simon Deng: National Lakes State Manager • Deng James Manyok National NBEG State Manager • Khor Gatwech Chan National WBEG State Manager • Christine Asienzo National Warrap State Manager 1 More detailed Project contact list provided in Appendix 2 4 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support PHASE I OVERVIEW Implementation of Phase I of the Pilot Reintegration Project took place August-November 2013 and is widely considered to be successful as all the major goals have been achieved and numerous lessons learned have been noted for making further improvements of the program in the future. Among other things, the program has received significant publicity with the population of the country, which is a significant part of the reintegration process. Given that fact that that Project is a pilot, it was expected that all side would benefit from learning during the implementation. NDDRC as an organization showed great potential for improvement and willingness to develop its potential through accumulating project-related experience and knowledge both in the headquarters in Juba and in the state offices. Pre-training of ex-combatants Initial training of the 290 ex-combatants was performed in Mapel DDR Training Facility – a specialized training camp built by UNMISS and the local government, which is located in the state of Western Bahr El-Ghazal. Every one of 290 ex-combatants was trained by UNESCO-hired and trained local specialists in one of the pre-set 8 areas of their choice. Those areas are agriculture, auto-mechanics, plumbing, electrical services, masonry, welding and animal husbandry. Based on the type of vocational training received by an ex-combatant, a corresponding start-up toolkit was put in the procurement plan to be delivered to the ex-combatant’s state of return for collection. Training of trainers UNICON hired and trained 8 state trainers and 4 state managers to run the business/cooperative training sessions for the ex-combatants in their communities of returns. An international training expert developed the TOT (training of trainers) curriculum as well as the field training manual and training materials to be used by the trainers during the business/cooperative training for the ex-combatants. The training of trainers took place in Mapel training facility in August 2013 during the time when the ex-combatants were receiving their initial vocational training, which allowed the trainers to get introduced to many of their future students and receive basic information on them, including approximate location, possible grouping preferences etc. The field training method involves a comprehensive development approach, which covers aspects involving motivational and behavioral qualities in entrepreneurship and cooperatives and also key steps critical to the start-up and management of an enterprise. The training ensures that participants take key decisions during training pertaining to the areas such as selecting a business idea, identify key resources required to be in business, locations of the business and other partners. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 Field training Field training was performed by UNICON trainers and state managers in close cooperation with NDDRC state officers and ICRS caseworkers. In some cases, NDDRC state offices were used as training venues, provided by the Commission as a courtesy. The training manual included 15 modules that were used as needed based on the needs evaluation done by the training team. The modules are: • Module 1: Introduction and Micro lab: Expectation and Commitment • Module 2: Financial Literacy • Module 3: Business and Market • Module 4: Key activities of a Business, Cooperatives Financial aspects of Business • Module 5: Selecting a Business and Cooperatives Format • Module 6: Steps in Starting a Business • Module 7: Business Skills Development in Cooperatives • Module 8: Behavioral Skills in entrepreneurship and Cooperatives • Module 9: Team Building and Management of Cooperatives • Module 10: Business Plan for setting up Cooperatives • Module 11: Enterprise Management: Sales and Marketing • Module 12: Enterprise Management: Purchasing • Module 13: Enterprise Management: Work Place Management • Module 14: Enterprise Management: Book-keeping • Module 15: Concluding and action Plan for setting up Cooperatives The field training, in order to increase its effectiveness, used several well-known learning methods that proved to be successful in the region, such as (i) simulations and role play, (ii) learning by doing, (iii) visuals and illustration, (iv) hands-on experience via interaction with existing businessmen, (v) individual counseling and (vi) practice sessions. 6 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support In addition to the ex-combatants, the above training also targeted the interested community members, thus creating publicity and additionally developing the country’s potential in small business and private entrepreneurship areas. A total of 284 community members received the training in addition to 253 ex-combatants. Start-up toolkits The toolkit composition for all the 8 areas was agreed upon by both UNICON, TDRP and NDDRC. In addition to that, advice was obtained from MTC (Multiservice Training Center) Juba headquarters to make sure that the tools included in the kits are the best fit for the local conditions. NZOU Group – a South Sudanese company – procured the toolkits from Kenya and Uganda to the distribution warehouse in Juba. The toolkits were then divided into separate shipments for the 4 states and dispatched, using services of Trojan Enterprises – a local transportation company. Despite uncertainty of the road conditions, NDDRC, TDRP and UNICON were able to coordinate effectively and ensure that most ex-combatants at each state were able to collect their toolkits immediately upon the arrival of the truck. The distribution process was monitored by representatives of NDDRC HQ, TDRP and UNICON in all states, making sure that the process goes smoothly and in accordance with the plan that was previously drafted based on collective vision. 239 out of 290 ex-combatants were able to receive their toolkits during the distribution event, while the rest were informed that they could collect their toolkits at any time in the NDDRC state office. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 PHASE II OBJECTIVES Phase II is going to become the final stage of the NDDRC Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan. Until 31 July 2014, every one of the pilot group of 290 ex-combatants will have a chance to receive additional training both in business/cooperative operation and in their area of initial vocational training conducted in August 2013 in Mapel Training Facility. In accordance with the Phase II TOR, interested ex-combatants will receive up to 2 follow-up visits by the business/cooperative training teams that will consist of a state manager and ICRS caseworkers that will be, after a proper TOT by an international specialist, acting as business/cooperative trainers. Given that the largest group (129 people) of ex-combatants chose agriculture as their main field, a decision has been made that they will have a chance to receive additional agricultural training. For that purpose an international agricultural expert and a local agricultural expert have been contracted to conduct a Training of Trainers for 11 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers that will perform the training sessions for the 129 ex-combatants. In addition to the 11 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers, 7 ICRS caseworkers will participate partially in the agricultural TOT for capacity building purpose. They will then provide the extension workers with all available information of ex-combatant location and contacts so that they can be easily found to conduct the training. It is also planned that at least 1 ICRS caseworker will accompany the extension workers during the field training. Until the end of the Project, the non-agricultural ex-combatants will, via NDDRC local offices, have an opportunity to receive additional training in their field either in a training facility or as an apprenticeship/secondment with an existing business that operates in a similar area. The Commission will make effort to locate government-financed institutes that will provide such training free of charge. As a result of the Phase II activities, the ex-combatants will have gained additional confidence and a clearer vision of their future as full valued community members. They will have acquired necessary skills in how to (i) choose a business to start, (ii) operate the chosen business and (iii) make sure not to lose their business. In addition, this DDR program will give the ex- combatants the opportunity for a faster reintegration as it encourages the community member participation both in the field trainings and in the business cooperatives being registered by the ex-combatants. 8 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support COOPERATIVE/BUSINESS TRAINING OF TRAINERS This part of the Phase II of this Pilot Project is building on the same topic training delivered by the UNICON-trainers in Phase I. Knowledge of business essentials is basic and at the same time vital component of the ex-combatants’ reintegration process. Due to the time limits of the Phase I training of trainers and the field trainings as well as learn-as-we-go approach to the field trainings, some of the training topics were not fully covered by the UNICON trainers and Phase II provides for up to 2 additional visits of the cooperative/business training teams to each ex- combatants who makes the choice to receive this additional training. While the training itself will be built on the Phase I curriculum, the training teams structure will be adjusted to further build the NDDRC capacity that will help during the implementation of further DDR activities in the country. Instead of UNICON-hired trainers, the field cooperative/business trainings will now be performed by the ICRS caseworkers, who are NDDRC employees and whose work duties, among others, include personally knowing all the ex-combatants in their respective state, assisting them in their reintegration into peaceful life community and advising on various problems that the ex-combatants might run into on their way to successful full return to the community. NDDRC will provide 7 ICRS caseworkers from the participating states NDDRC state offices, who will be trained to train the ex-combatants on modern principles of cooperative/business practices. They will arrive to Juba from their states in order to receive the 10-day Training of Trainers that will be provided by the international expert (Mr. Gautam Raj Jain). In order to keep the training link with Phase I, the four state managers will be hired from among the teams of 12 people in charge of state field cooperative/business training. The state managers will be in charge of ensuring the high quality of the trainings, provide additional depth to the training process as well as to take over the report writing and financial planning. The four candidates will be proposed by UNICON based on their performance in Phase I and then approved by the World Bank and NDDRC. NDDRC will collect opinions from their state offices in regard to the level of the respective candidate’s level of ability to coordinate the trainings as well as cooperate with both the ex-combatants’ and the NDDRC state offices. In keeping with the principle of maximizing capacity building provided to the NDDRC, the Commission will also invite 8 ICRS workers that are based in Juba to participate in the cooperative/business training. In addition, 1 ICRS caseworker from Eastern Equatoria state and 1 ICRS caseworker from Western Equatoria will be attending the TOT for the purpose of capacity building for the future DDR activities in South Sudan. Upon completion of the Training of Trainers, these 10 ICRS caseworkers will join the field training teams in order to arrange for 4 ICRS caseworkers in every state providing follow-up trainings to the ex-combatants. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 Additionally, following experts will be invited to participate in the Training of Trainers as guest speakers in order to further improve the training capacity of the participants: • Business registration/legal specialist; • Banking/microfinance specialist; • Successful entrepreneurs. Attendance of the TOT will be monitored by having every participant sign the attendance sheet, which will then be signed by a representative of NDDRC and UNICON (draft attached as Appendix 7). By the end of the Training of Trainers, the teams will be expected to develop a workplan for the field trainings, which will explain the logistics of the team movements within the state to ensure that every ex-combatant receives the necessary number of visits. At the time of submission of the present Project Implementation Plan, the cooperative/business TOT curriculum has been drafted and is prepared to be used for the training program in Juba. It has also been circulated with the Bank for comments. However, it is anticipated that the curriculum will undergo significant changes and additions during the actual training process. The curriculum, with changes, will be submitted shortly after completion of the TOT on 26 May 2014. FIELD COOPERATIVE/BUSINESS TRAINING Upon successful completion of the Training of Trainers in Juba, on the date agreed upon by NDDRC, World Bank and UNICON, the field training teams will depart to their respective states in order to start the follow-up visits to the ex-combatants. The state teams will consist of the following: • Northern Bahr El-Ghazal 1 state manager and 3 ICRS caseworkers • Western Bahr El-Ghazal 1 state manager and 4 ICRS caseworkers • Warrap 1 state manager and 4 ICRS caseworkers • Lakes 1 state manager and 4 ICRS caseworkers According to the schedule/workplan agreed upon during the Training of Trainers and using the skills acquired during the Training of Trainers, the state managers and ICRS caseworkers will provide each one of the 290 ex-combatants, who will show interest in receiving additional training, with up to 2 follow-up visit in their location of reintegration to the community. 10 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support The objective of having the ex-combatants receive the extra training is to further strengthen their ability to use their own skills in making their living with gradual transformation from a government-dependent soldier into an independent, self-sufficient while completely integrated member of community. The main approach of the training will be to stimulate independent thinking within the ex- combatants so that they can both identify the problem they might be facing at some point and, most importantly, come up with a possible solution(s) to this problem. It is also very important that the ex-combatants become aware of the sources of information available to them as citizens and businesspersons. The government of South Sudan has been allocating substantial funds to support small business in the country and one of the goals of this training will be to make sure that the participants of these trainings know that they can receive support not only through NDDRC, but also, just like any other citizen, through various government agencies. UNICON will work with law practitioners in Juba to obtain advice on what are the most useful sources of information that the ex-combatants can use to obtain support from the government. In addition, state NDDRC offices will stay in contact with state-level government business support authorities that can provide valuable services on the ground. At the time of submission of the present Project Implementation Plan, the field training manual has been drafted. However, it is anticipated that the manual will undergo significant changes and additions as a result of the Training of Trainers, because the Consultant expects to collect valuable opinions from the participants of the TOT. The training manual, with changes incorporated, will be submitted shortly after completion of the TOT on 26 May 2014. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 AGRICULTURAL TRAINING OF TRAINERS 129 ex-combatants out of 290 chose agriculture as their main direction of development. In the opinion of many people involved in organizing and implementing the Phase I of the Project, there is a great chance that this number is representative of the share of agriculture-oriented ex- combatants in the possible future phases of the Project. Keeping this in mind, a decision has been made to engage the Ministry of Agriculture of South Sudan in training the ex-combatants in this Phase II of the Pilot Project. Unlike the other types of training, the additional agricultural training will have a preliminary capacity building arranged for within this Pilot Project. This will involve training the employees of the Ministry of Agriculture from each participating state of South Sudan who will then provide training to the ex-combatants who express interest in receiving such training. Agricultural Training of Trainers (TOT) will be held in Juba, South Sudan in the NDDRC headquarters. The venue will be kindly provided by the NDDRC and will fit all the participants. TOT will start on 27 May and finish on 3 June, after which the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers will become qualified to train agricultural practices to the ex-combatants and will leave Juba to start the field trainings. The TOT will be attended by 11 Ministry of Agriculture extension workers, who are government employees with existing knowledge in the field of agriculture, which will be further developed as a result of the TOT. The extension workers will arrive to Juba on 26 May to be able to start attending the TOT on 27 May: • Northern Bahr El-Ghazal – 2 people; • Western Bahr El-Ghazal – 3 people; • Warrap – 3 people; • Lakes – 3 people; This training will be delivered by 1 international agricultural expert (Mrs. Beth Oliver) and 1 national agricultural expert (Mr. Angelous Odego). The national expert has the necessary project experience and has the ability to provide quality assistance to the international specialist as in August 2013 he was hired by UNESCO to be one of the agricultural trainers during the training session provided for the ex-combatants in the Mapel Training Facility. The TOT will also be attended by 7 ICRS caseworkers, who are also government (NDDRC) employees and will benefit from the agricultural training as additional capacity building, given that most of the ex-combatants they mentor have chosen agriculture as their field of return to peaceful life. By the time the TOT start, ICRS caseworkers will have already finished the business/cooperative training and will be in Juba and available to start 27 May. 12 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Due to possible repetition of training topics and general length of activities, the Consultant and the Client are discussing the possibility of having the 7 ICRS caseworkers attend the agricultural TOT partially – specifically the parts that will be new to them and they would be able to use in their future work. Attendance of the TOT will be monitored by having every participant sign the attendance sheet, which will then be signed by a representative of NDDRC and UNICON (draft attached as Appendix 7). At the time of submission of the present Project Implementation Plan, the agricultural TOT curriculum has been drafted and is prepared to be used for the training program in Juba. However, it is anticipated that the curriculum will undergo significant changes and additions during the actual training process. The curriculum, with changes, will be submitted shortly after completion of the TOT on 3 June 2014. The draft will be circulated for comments before the TOT starts. FIELD AGRICULTURAL TRAINING All the ex-combatants are entitles to receive additional training in the profession each one of them chose for their further peaceful living. For the additional training in 7 out of 8 professions, NDDRC, using the project budget, will hire local training providers to perform the training in the event that the ex-combatants show interest. The field training in agriculture will be provided by the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers, who will have been trained specifically for this within the current Pilot Project. Trainings will be delivered in accordance with the schedule and the training modules designed by the international agricultural expert and finalized during the Training of Trainers in Juba NDDRC HQ. Considering the fact that the supplementary agricultural training is being provided as part of the pilot project, it is envisioned that during the training of trainers and the field trainings a substantial number of lessons learned will be collected that will help the consultant establish the level of need or such training in the possible future phases of the Project. The consultant is planning to collect the information during the training of trainers that will help determine the best way of delivering knowledge to the ex-combatants, considering the following possible challenges: • remote locations; • literacy/numeracy level; • lack of funding/starting capital; Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 • deficit of seeds; • means of transportation, etc. Given consultant’s experience, one of the best means of knowledge delivery in similar conditions is learning by doing/seeing. In order to provide the ex-combatants with this experience, the consultants, in the Final Report to this project, is planning to propose NDDRC to find a partner farm in each participating state that can host the ex-combatants from time to time for training in modern way of working in the agricultural sector. The field training will be delivered by at least 1 Ministry of Agriculture extension worker accompanied by at least 1 ICRS caseworker in accordance with the field training plan that will be developed during the TOT. While delivering the agricultural knowledge to the ex-combatants, the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers as well as ICRS caseworkers will collect necessary information that will support further introduction of demonstration farms in each state. It is envisioned that the partner farm (demo farm) will be divided into several sections cultivating different crops. Each state will have its own set of crops that will depend of its geographical locations, climate, proximity to water, flood pattern etc. During the training of trainers the best way of the initial field training will be established, be it (i) the ex-combatants travelling to the demo farm from the locations or (ii) the Ministry of Agriculture extension workers travelling first to the ex-combatants’ locations for the initial training and then inviting them to the demo farm if/when it is ready. The chosen demo farm will be located in a way to be easily reached by all the ex-combatants located in the corresponding state. The location of the demo farm should also have the necessary minimum living conditions for the arriving ex-combatants, who will be receiving training in groups of 15 people at most. Like in the training of trainers, the field trainings for the ex-combatants will use modern teaching/knowledge delivery techniques, participatory learning being the most important of them. Participatory learning is a creative, problem solving method in which every participant participates actively. The learning process is just as important as the subject being learned. The advantages of participatory method are: • Addresses the needs and problems of the participants; • Uses participants’ knowledge, experience and skills; • Considers every participant a trainer and trainee; 14 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support • Uses practical real life activities so participants can learn by doing; • Takes place in a location and in a setting where participants feel at ease. Additionally, communication would be improved by role playing, visual illustrations, experiential learning, working in groups, working in the field, demonstrations and counseling. The field training manual will be finalized during the TOT and will be circulated for a no-objection with NDDRC and the World Bank. VOCATIONAL TRAINING In addition to the agricultural training that the Projects provides targeted capacity building for, the ex-combatants, who chose professions other than agriculture, are entitled to receive supplementary vocational training that matches their profession of choice and the type of toolkit received during Phase I of this Pilot Project. The vocational training will be provided by NDDRC-designated training facilities that exist in the country and have experience training people in the respective field. The additional vocational training is expected to be free for the both the NDDRC and the ex-combatants as it should be provided by government institutions. The indicative process for this sub-component is as follows: 1. XC approached by the state NDDRC representative to determine if he/she would like to receive vocational training or apprenticeship; 2. In case the XC refuses to receive training, he/she signs the refusal form (draft attached as Appendix 9); 3. In case the XC is interested in receiving the training, NDDRC determines the type of training needed and finds the appropriate training facility that can provide the necessary type of training. It is assumed that the training facility will provide the training free of charge, while there is a limited budget for the ex-combatants’ accommodation during such training; 4. The details of training (location, length etc.) are determined and section 1 of the training form (Appendix 8) is filled out and signed by the XC, training provider and NDDRC. 5. “Remote location” checkbox is checked in case the XC needs travel and housing allowance (exact policy/amounts to be developed by NDDRC); 6. The training starts. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 It is important the Commission is made aware of the size of the limited accommodation budget and plan accordingly when arranging the vocational training for the interested ex-combatants. As the information collection is time consuming and the ICRS caseworkers will be busy during the Training of Trainers, the implementation of this sub-component might not start until the end of both TOTs, after which 1 ICRS caseworker in each state will be appointed as responsible for start/completion of vocational training/apprenticeship. As a result of targeted vocational training, the ex-combatants will receive additional practical knowledge in their profession of choice, which will allow them to more effectively use the theoretical knowledge already received as well as the start-up toolkit collected during Phase I. Among the non-agricultural ex-combatants, there are pre-determined groups that will attend (i) driving courses, (ii) auto-mechanic course and (iii) Don Bosco institute courses. All of the above are official government courses with official certificates issued upon completion of the training. As these institutions are professional organizations and have universal policies and fees for anyone, necessary budget has been allocated to finance these trainings in accordance with the pricelists of the institutions. EXPERT VISITS In some cases, it may be difficult to find a vocational training facility to train the ex-combatants (e.g. animal husbandry, electrician business etc.). In order to provide the ex-combatants with experience in their chosen field, NDDRC will attempt to locate a local professional in the field matching that of the ex-combatant, who will agree to provide the ex-combatant with necessary training. The local expert will visit the ex-combatants who chose his area of training and train the ex- combatants for a pre-determined amount of time. In cases, that the ex-combatant does not have the workplace equipped that will allow the expert to train him/her effectively, NDDRC will consider arranging for the ex-combatant to travel to the expert’s location in order to receive the training. Like in case of vocational training, the process will be monitored by NDDRC, the World Bank and UNICON by means of having the host, the ex-combatant and NDDRC representative sign the training form (Appendix 8). Expert visits are subject to availability and affordability. There is limited budget for the ex- combatant accommodation to be provided on “as-needed” basis and which NDDRC should use with proper planning in order to avoid taking on the expenses that the Project cannot cover. Expert visits will be very useful for the ex-combatants not only because they will collect valuable experience and knowledge, but also because they may create an opportunity for the ex- combatant to eventually join forces with the hosting master and create a cooperative using the 16 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support expert’s existing knowledge and capital supported by the ex-combatant’s will to reintegrate and his/her start-up toolkit. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS As requested by NDDRC, funds will be allocated by this Project to cover the land registration fee for 26 plots of land that the ex-combatants are going to receive from the Government of South Sudan. The land plots will be provided to the ex-combatants free of charge, but the current regulation does not provide for waiving the registration fee, which is grounds for this additional provision. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 LESSONS LEARNED Keeping in mind the pilot nature of the Project, lessons learned are an essential deliverable. All parties involved will be responsible for providing their personal opinion on lessons learned during the project implementation and possible ways to overcome the existing problems. The lessons learned will be compiled by the Project Manager and presented to the client upon completion of all the state-level trainings. The following are the expected lessons learned that will be integrated in the Final Report: Source Topics covered • TOT organization; International Expert – Business • Trainee qualification; • Training materials; • Field logistics; International Expert – Agriculture • Communication; • Other as needed. • TOT organization; • Trainer’s approach; Each of the State Managers • XC willingness to be trained; • XC additional requests; • Training venues/field logistics; • TOT training materials; • Field training materials; ICRS caseworkers (1 from each state) • Communication; • Other as needed. • Field training organization; • XC willingness to be trained; • XC additional requests; • Field logistics; NDDRC at state level • Training venues/materials; • Vocational training/apprenticeship; • Communication; • Other as needed. • TOT organization; • Funding scheme; • Vocational training/apprenticeship; NDDRC Headquarters • XC willingness to be trained; • XC additional requests; • Field logistics; • Other as needed. 18 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support MONITORING AND EVALUATION The implementation of Phase II of this Pilot Project will monitor in an on-going manner using the following regular reports/forms: • TOT attendance (Appendix 7); • Training form (Appendix 3) • Training Attendance Form (Appendix 4); • Field training weekly report (Appendix 5); • Field training month report (Appendix 6); • Vocational training/apprenticeship form (Appendix 8); • Vocational training refusal form (Appendix 9); • Continuous contact of the Project Management with the training teams; • Feedback from the ex-combatants received via NDDRC; Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 REPORTING Based on the inputs received from the ongoing monitoring activities and in accordance with the workplan (Appendix 1) the Consultant will produce the following deliverable within this Phase II of the Pilot DDR Project: • Interim report 1; • Interim report 2; • Draft Final Report; • Final Report; • Ongoing monthly budget calculation. 20 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Appendix 1: Workplan Work Schedule Key Months Person 1 2 3 3 May 2014 June 2014 July 2014 August 2014 WHO ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* #! ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* ! " # $ % & ' ( ) !* !! !" !# !$ !% !& !' !( !) "* "! "" "# "$ "% "& "' "( ") #* #! ! " # $ % & ' ( Rustam Davletkhanov (RD) - Project Director RD 11111111111 11111111111111 Sergey Burnaev (SB) - Project Manager SB 111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111 Gautam Raj Jain (GJ) - BIZ/COOP Trainer GJ 11111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111 Beth Oliver (BO) - Agricultural Trainer BO 1111111111111111 Odego Angelous (OA) - Local Agricultural Counterpart OA 1111111111111111 4 State Managers SM 11 111111 1 1111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 11 Agricultural Extension workers AE 11111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 16 ICRS caseworkers CW 11 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 111111 1111 Management Information Expert MIE 111111 11111 111111 111111 1111 AGRICULTURAL TRAINING TOT Preparation BO/OA 10-day TOT BO/OA Field training for ex-combatants AE COOP TRAINING TOT Preparation GJ 10-day TOT GJ Field training for ex-combatants SM d Reports Project Implementation Plan SB R Weekly reports by COOP trainers SM R R R R R R R R Interim Report SB R R Draft Final Report SB R Final Report SB R DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report - Annex C 21 Appendix 2: Contact List Name Position Contacts Rustam rustam@unicon-international.com Project Director Davletkhanov +44(0)871 663 4840 sergey@unicon-international.com Sergey Burnaev Project Manager +211(0)954849022 gautamrajjain@gmail.com Gautam Raj Jain Business Trainer +211(0)971001477 Beth Oliver Agricultural Trainer betho5@earthlink.net odegoangelous64@gmail.com Angelous Odego Agriculture specialist +211(0)954351583 +211(0)921421519 adiersdeng@yahoo.com Adire Simon Deng State Manager +211(0)954540794 dengjames09@gmail.com Deng James State Manager +211(0)955421349 Manyok +211(0)977859493 asienzo.christ76@gmail.com Christine Asienzo State Manager +211(0)956510241 +211(0)955963722 khorgatwech@gmail.com Khor Gatwech State Manager +211(0)914062983 Chan +256(0)711163605 22 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Appendix 3: Ex-combatant training form Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 Appendix 4: Attendance form SOUTH SUDAN NDDRC PILOT REINTEGRATION PROJECT – PHASE II Form 2: Training participant list (use/print additional sheets if necessary) DATE: LOCATION (state, county, payam, boma) TRAINING TYPES # DDR ID FULL NAME PHONE # XC/CM SIGNATURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 24 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Appendix 5: Weekly Training Report SOUTH SUDAN NDDRC PILOT REINTEGRATION PROJECT – PHASE II Form 3 – WEEKLY TRAINING REPORT This form has to be accompanied by all the forms 1 and 2 collected during the week DATE: GENERAL INFORMATION Week start date Week end date (Monday) (Sunday) Locations covered (state, county, payam, boma) Number of cooperatives/associations visited Total coop/assoc participants trained, including Ex-combatants Community members Total number of individuals trained, including Ex-combatants Community members Most important achievements. Please include your professional opinion/comments: Page 1 of 2 Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 Most significant needs and complaints. Please include your comments/recommendations: Provide a review of the toolkit use by the XCs. Please provide comments/recommendations: Other comments: Page 2 of 2 26 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Appendix 6: Monthly Training Report Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 Appendix 7: TOT Attendance Sheets 28 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 Appendix 8: Supplementary Training Information 30 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support Appendix 9: Training Refusal Form Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 31 Section II IOM South Sudan Consultancy to Implement DDR Community Support Projects Table of Contents Final Report Annex A: Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Annex B: Community Selection Criteria ! !"#$%&'()*+,&,*&,-(&.$,"*#$%&/"0$+1$1(#,2& /(1*3"%"4$,"*#&$#5&'("#,(6+$,"*#&7*11"00"*#&$#5& ,-(&8*+%5&9$#:& ;<=>?&;=/@.&//'A&BCD<>&'EC.>EF'@>C<.&B'&H& 7<.;=D>@.7I&><&CJBDEJE.>&//'&7I&;=BB<'>& B';& ! ! 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SECTION II: IOM South Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects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inal Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan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outh Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects ! 6. ANNEXES S&&$I!SK!!M(&0+!+(1,!%*!)%22.&(,G!1.>>%6,!>6%C$),1!! S&&$I!OK!!Y(1,!%*!)%22.&(,G!2$$,(&'1!! S&&$I!FK!!H6%C$),!$&/!1.6=$G!L.$1,(%&1! S&&$I!4K!!H6%C$),!>#%,%1!0&/!*$$/50);!*6%2!,#$!)%22.&(,G ! Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan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outh Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects :'48'4>') R! @-AB! C(8!:/D%8!! S4='#!! P*/I%9'! H8/00/)1!'7!$!)%! 1! $;;%;;,%)#;M! 3$4I!'7!$44%;;!#'!<$#%8!4',6$8%>!#'!'#=%8!0'4$#/');!JK)! P1'0%)G'U H8/00/)1!'7!$!)%! -! )%$8!;4=''0! $;;%;;,%)#;LM! &',60%#/')!'7!#=%! V! P-AB% S<%/0!A$;#! O$0($0U-$/!! O$8'0U3$4!! :'0U&='0! Q/1=!68/'8/#*!#'!4',60%#%!#=%!/)/#/$0!()4',60%#%>!/)D%;#,%)#M! &',60%#%>! ()7/)/;=%>!+$*$,!'77/4%! 3$4I!'7!$44%;;!#'!<$#%8!4',6$8%>!#'!'#=%8!0'4$#/');!JK)! O$*%)! W! @S::S+! 5')9!P'8#=!! +$1'0!! SG/'8! 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H8/00/)1!'7!$!)%! $;;%;;,%)#;LM! a5=%!68'9%4#;!$#!#=%!%)>!!/)!#=%!0$;#!,')#=!'7!#=%!68'18$,M!H(%!#'!#=%!4',6%#/#/D%!G/>>/)1!68'4%;;!$)>!7%<%8!;'0$8!6(,6!/);#$00$#/');!#=$)!'8/1/)$00*! %)D/;/')%>]!$!;(860(;!'7!'6%8$#/')$0!7()>;!8%,$/)%>!/)!#=%!G(>1%#!/)!#=%!40';/)1!,')#=;M!5=/;!=$;!%)$G0%>!#=%!68'9%4#!#'!;(66'8#!$>>/#/')$0!G'8%='0%;M! DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan Final Report 17 ! 18 !""#$%6&%7(+,%-.%/-001"(,2%0##,("8+% b!4',,()/#*U b!$##%)>$)#;! 5*6%!'7! c&d;! b! "#$#%! &'()#*!! +$*$,!! -',$!! ./00$1%!! %! 68'9%4#! 5'#$0! O%)! @',%)! %)1$1%,%)#! ,%%#/)1;! ?! @-AB! C(8!:/D%8!! E($9/%)$!! F,G/0/! +$0$! -'8%='0%! N! VR! RW! ?X! !! N! @-AB! C(8!:/D%8!! O$8/$0!-$/!! P*/)$I'I!! Q/1=!C'(!! -'8%='0%! N! ?``! WR! RX! !! R! @-AB! C(8!:/D%8!! :'48'4>')1!! S4='#!! P*/I%9'! -'8%='0%! N! XR! TT! N^! !! SECTION II: IOM South Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects T! @-AB! @$(! -$1$8/!! P1'0%)G'U-! P1'0%)G'!U-! -'8%='0%! N! ?`^! WR! TW! !! V! P-AB! S<%/0!A$;#! O$0($0U-$/!! 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Z=!Q-)!16!/#)!,$7%!16!/#$%!4'1<)5/!+,%!/1!,%%$%/!5177&-$/$)%!/#,/!')5)$()!)9:517;,/,-/%!%1!/#,/!;1/#! 5177&-$/$)%!,-.!)9:517;,/,-/%!5,-!;)-)6$/!6'17!/#)!5177&-$/*!4'1<)5/8!+$/#!,-!1;<)5/$()!16!6,5$B$/,/$-2!,! 211.!')B,/$1-%#$4!;)/+))-!/#)!5177&-$/$)%!,-.!)9:517;,/,-/%=!")BB!&%!+#)/#)'!/#$%!4'1<)5/!#,%!7)/!/#$%! 1;<)5/$()=! !"#$%&#'()'*%'+),,%+(%-'.&)/'/%"0'$)/%"'1"-'%23+)/*1(1"(#'#%41&1(%,5' � O)%!!!!�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� O)%!!!!� PQ! 3=!?1!*1&!$-/)-.!/1!4,%%!/#)!7)%%,2)%!/1!1/#)'!5177&-$/*!7)7;)'%@! !"#$%&#'()'*%'+),,%+(%-'.&)/'/%"0'$)/%"'1"-'%23+)/*1(1"(#'#%41&1(%,5 � O)%!!!!�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outh Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report Annex D: Project photos and feedback from the community 1. A hygiene promotion session at Abior village (left) and handover of the borehole to Pagol Payam Administrator (right), Tonj North County, Warrap State 2. The borehole completed at Wunrak village, Gengeng Payam, Yirol West County, Lakes State 3. The borehole completed at Pala Village, Kuajiena Payam, Jur River County, Western Bahr el Ghazal State 1 Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report 4. The borehole completed at Nyinyin Village, Paweng Payam, Tonj East County, Warrap State 5. Participants at a community meeting, Makolagep Village, Matangai Payam, Rumbek Centre County, Lakes State. Typical community meetings were attended by community leaders, representatives of women’s and youth groups along with a local representative of NDDRC, local government authority and IOM project team. 6. A community meeting at Ngolenbo-B village, Bagari Payam, Wau County, Western Bahr el Ghazal State 2 22 SECTION II: IOM South Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report 7. Paloch Payam, Lakes State: Drilling of a borehole (first); a hygiene promotion session (second left) and a completed water yard with solar power supply (second right). 3 Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report 8. Malual-Bai Payam Administration Building, Northern Bahr el Ghazal State: Images below include the design and layout of the building, and the photos of the completed building and a sanitation facility 4 24 SECTION II: IOM South Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report The completion of the building was realized through community participation. 9. Water Management Committee members displaying the tool kit, Machuor village, Pagarau Payam, Yirol East County, Lakes State 5 Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 South Sudan DDR Pilot Reintegration Project – DDR Community Support Project implemented by IOM. Annex D to the Final Project Report 10. Participants showing the certificate upon the completion of a five day pump mechanic training course held in Wau in collaboration with the Rural Water Department. As part of the training, the participants repaired 12 broken boreholes in Wau, which was appreciated by the local communities. The trainees received standard tool kits at the end of the course. 11. Feedback from the community  We thank the National DDR Commission and the government for remembering the communities which have been neglected as services do not reach them – Payam Administrator, Lakes State  We thank NDDRC, World Bank and IOM for making it possible to drink safe and clean water, which we have been looking for. We welcome ex-combatants that have been disarmed and demobilized in Mapel. We hope ex-combatants will be able to live in peace with their friends, relatives and family members within the community. – A leader of a beneficiary community, Warrap State 6 26 SECTION II: IOM South Sudan - DDR Community Support Projects REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex A Project Implementation Plan (PIP) DDR Community Support Projects Prepared for: World Bank & NDDRC September 2013 ! ! ! ! "#$%&'(!)*+,&*&-(.(/$-!",.-!0")"1! 2$3(4!235.-!667!"/,$(!7&/-(&8#.(/$-!"#$%&'(! 667!9$**3-/(:!23++$#(!"#$%&'(;! ! ! ! ! "#&+.#&5!<$#=! >$#,5!?.-@! A.(/$-.,!6/;.#*.*&-(B!6&*$C/,/D.(/$-!.-5! 7&/-(&8#.(/$-!9$**/;;/$-! ! ! ! ! 2&+(&*C&#!EFGH! ! )IJ!2$3(4!235.- ! ! ! ! Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 ! ! )-(#$53'(/$-! ! "#$! %&'%()$! 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'8>+/8)%+8.&!.D!+,(!.DD8?820!GG=!9G!A2/'>#!!I,(!iA>!L(/(!3((&!+.!/(B./+!D./!+,(!8&+(/C8(L!(2/0*!.&#!!I,(! +(26!&.+(>4!,.L(C(/4!+,2+!8&!+,(!08<,+!.D!+,(!>+2+%>!.D!+,(!B2*/.00!>*>+(6!8&!+,(!7^`5!+,(!<(&(/20! B/.?(>>!.D!C(/8D8?2+8.&!.D!(08<8)808+*!D./!B2/+8?8B2+8&>!f!2&'!+,%>!(&+8+0(6(&+!+.!+,(!9G! ?2/'!f!>+800!&(('>!+.!)(!>+/(&<+,(&('#!!! H; 5&!8>>%(!>+800!+.!)(!?02/8D8('!)*!+,(!FGG=A!8>!+.!L,2+!(M+(&+!+,(!S@c!B/.?(>>!L.%0'!20>.!?.&+8&%(!+.! +/2?3!+,(!/(8&+((!iA>!>%BB./+('!%&'(/!+,(!A^5!GG=#!!I,(8/!/(8&+(>(>! ?.%0'!B/.C8'(!62K./!0(>>.&>!D./!+,(!.&<.8&*>+(6!+,2+!L2>!B%+!8&!B02?(!D./!+,8>!B%/B.>(!)(!/(C8C('!2&'!.B(/2+8.&208H('#!!5??(>>! +.!+,(!kG=c5S!'2+2)2>(E!%>('!D./!+,(!A^5!GG=!>+800!&(('>!+.!)(!/(>.0C('!2>!+,8>!,2>!)((&!2!>+%6)08&>.&>!08>+('!2).C(!>,.%0'!)(!2''/(>>('!)*!+,(!A.668>>8.&!2&'!8+>!B2/+&(/>!8&!./'(/!+.!623(! +,(!A.668>>8.&!>%DD8?8(&+0*!(DD(?+8C(!8&!'(208&%BB./+8&!.C(/!+,(!?.68&#!!1(0.L!2/(! >.6(!.D!+,(!3(*!/(?.66(&'2+8.&>!8&!+,(!2/(2!.D!./<2&8H2+8.&!2&'!62&2<(6(&+4!B2/+&(/>,8B>4!+,(! 9A=7!2&'!?.66%&8?2+8.&>!+,2+!2/8>(!D/.6!+,(>(!0(>>.&>#! 8.1. NDDRC structure and management. _T# !9&!./'(/!+.!?.&+8&%(!+.!)(!+,(!?(&+/20!./<2&8H2+8.&!0(2'8&%BB./+4!2>!.%+08&('!8&!+,(!W.C(/&6(&+E>!B.08?*4!+,(!A.668>>8.&! >,.%0'!D%/+,(/!>+/(&<+,(&!8+>!?2B2?8+*#!!I,(!>+/(&<+,(&8&!&2+8.&20!.L&(/>,8B!.D!+,(!GG=! .B(/2+8.&!?.%0'!)(!2?,8(C('!+,/.%<,J! 2# (&,2&?8&+8?!2&'!(DD8?8(&+!./<2&8H2+8.&20!>+/%?+%/(!.D!+,(!FGG=Ab!>.!+,2+!+,(! A.668>>8.&!?2&!(DD(?+8C(0*!B02&!D./!+,(!GG=!B/.?(>>!2&'!<%8'(!2&'!>%B(/C8>(!8+>!86B0(6(&+8&b! )# 86B/.C8&.%/?(!62&2<(6(&+!+,/.%<,.%+!+,(!FGG=Ab!2&'!! ?# '(C(0.B8&8+8C(!./<2&8H2+8.&20!?%0+%/(!8&!+,(!A.668>>8.&#!!! ! _"# 7B(?8D8?!2?+8C8+8(>!/(?.66(&'('!2/(J!! 2# ?/(2+(!%&8D./68+*!2&'!?.&>8>+(&?*!8&!+,(!>+2DD8&+/%?+%/(b! )# >B(?8D*!,.L!+,(!^Sd!L800!)(!D%00*!2)>./)('!8&!+,(!/(<%02/!FGG=A!>+/%?+%/(b! ?# ?02/8D*!/(>B.&>8)808+8(>!.D!%&8+>!2&'!>+2DDb! '# 8&+/.'%?(!?0(2/!+86(08&(>!D./!+,(!C2/8.%>!+2>3>!2&'!2?+8C8+8(>b!! (# >+/(&<+,(&!N=!D%&?+8.&!2+!+,(!>+2+(!0(C(0b! D# 8&+/.'%?(!2!K.)!(C20%2+8.&!B/.?(>>b!! <# ?.&+8&%(!>+/(2608&8&+/2+8C(!B/.?('%/(>b!2&'!! ,# (&>%/(!>*>+(6>!2&'!.B(/2+8.&>!/(628&!>86B0(!2&'!D.?%>>('#!! ! 8.2. Improved partnerships. _R# $./!2&!(DD(?+8C(!&2+8.&200*!.L&('!'(6.)808H2+8.&!2&'!/(8&+(>!+,(!FGG=A!L.%0'!&(('! +.!?02/8D*!2&'!>+/(&<+,(&!8+>!/(02+8.&>,8B>!L8+,!8+>!B2/+&(/>#!!7B(?8D8?!!.D!:B.+(&+820;!B2/+&(/>! 2/(J!! 2# !"#$%&'($)*+$,-"#.$,./)*01#+$2#.304#2#!!I,(!+868&! L800!)(!'(?8'('!)*!+,(!7^`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d&8+!.D!dFS977!L.%0'!)(!2)0(!+.! Final Report DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 B/.C8'(!6%?,!6./(!(DD(?+8C(!>%BB./+!+.!+,(!GG=!B/.?(>>4!8&?0%'8&+/(&<+,(&8&>8.&!8+>(0D#! '# 95:;#5#*-0*/$:).-*#.2#!!W%8'(08&(>!?.%0'!)(!'(C(0.B('!)*!+,(!A.668>>8.&!.%+08&8&!L.%0'!B02*!8&!+,(!86B0(6(&+2+8.&!.D!+,(!&2+8.&20!GG=!B/.!L.%0'!20>.!/(O%8/(!6./(!?02/8+*!2).%+!+,(!B/.>8.&!8>!B/(B2/8&!B2/+!.D!+,(!.B(/2+8.&!.D!+,(!9A=74!+,(!A.668>>8.&!?.%0'! )(!6%?,!6./(!B/.2?+8C(!8&!(&<2<8&!2&'!B/8C2+(!D8/6>!8&!+,(!/(8&+(%BB./+!+.! i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iA>;b! )# ?.66(&?(!+,(!?.%&>(008&>!2>!(2/0*!2>!B.>>8)0(!2&'!B/(D(/2)0*!L,80>+!+,(!iA>!2/(!>+800!2+! +,(!I$b! ?# (MB('8+(!.B(/2+8.&208H2+8.&!.D!+,(!9A=7!+.!)(&(D8+!+,(!iA>!866('82+(0*!D.00.L8&!:(>B(?8200*!+,/.%<,!/(D(//20>;b!! '# '(C(0.B!B/.?('%/(>!.D!?..B(/2+8.&!L8+,!+,(!FGG=AE>!=(8&+(+2DD8&+2+(!0(C(0#! 8.4. Communications __# 5??%/2+(!2&'!+86(0*!?.66%&8?2+8.&4!).+,!8&+(/&200*!2&'!(M+(/&200*4!2/(!(>>(&+820!D./!(DD(?+8C(!2&'! (DD8?8(&+!'(6.)808H2+8.&!2&'!/(8&+(%BB./+#!!9&+(/&20!2&'!(M+(/&20!?.66%&8?2+8.&>!>+/2+(<8(>! >,.%0'!)(!'(C(0.B('!2&'!.B(/2+8.&208H('#!I,(!(&+8/(!FGG=A!>,.%0'!%&'(/>+2&'!2&'!/(<%02/0*! ?.66%&8?2+(!+,(!3(*!6(>>2<(>!.D!+,8>!B02&#!! ! 9. Conclusion ! _]# I,(!579[9&+(%BB./+!+.!+,(!A.668>>8.&!L2>!>,./+!+(/6!8&!&2+%/(!2&'!?.C(/('!+,(!B/.?(>>!D./! D(L(/!+,2&!UTT!8&'8C8'%20!iA>!6.C8&%/(!+,2+!+,(!FGG=A!8>! >%DD8?8(&+0*!?2B2)0(!.D!'(08C(/8&!)%+!20>.!6./(!)/.2'0*! ,(&!&%6)(/>!8&?/(2>(!8&+.!+,(!+(&>!.D!+,.%>2&'>4!>8<&8D8?2&+!2&'!.&<.8&%BB./+4! 2&'!8&!B2/+8?%02/!.&!+,(!K.)!6(&+./8&! >8<&8D8?2&+!2&'!8+!8>!86B./+2&+!+.!(&>%/(!+,2+!+,(!./<2&8>2+8.&!8>!(O%8BB('4!/(>B.&>8C(!2&'!/(>%0+>! '/8C(&!2+!200!0(C(0>#!$%/+,(/!>%BB./+4!B2/+8?%02/0*!8&!)/8&<8&,8B!2+!>+2+(!0(C(0!8>!2!3(*! B/8./8+*4!L,80>+!.&<.8&%BB./+!L8+,8&!+,(!NP!8>!20>.!/(?.66(&'('#!! ! ! 14 14 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex A Project Implementation Plan (PIP) Prepared for: World Bank & NDDRC JULY 2013 Project Implementation Plan (PIP) South Sudan Pilot Reintegration Capacity Building and M&E Project Support provided by Adam Smith International (ASI) and Integrity Research & Consultancy (Integrity) to the National Disarmament, Demobilization & Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) Draft, 8 August 2013 A. Tasks to be implemented As per the Terms of Reference (ToR) of the contract with the World Bank, Adam Smith International (ASI) and Integrity Research & Consultancy will be conducting capacity building activities in the NDDRC, including project management training, mentoring and systems development. The pilot project is meant as a learning experience, helping to build and enhance systems, elaborate procedures, test modalities, and build institutional capacity. This Project Implementation Plan (PIP) covers the following tasks, based on the agreed ToR and the Inception Report (of 11 June 2013): 1. Development of Project Implementation Manual (PIM); plus related training (see section D). 2. Design of a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system; plus design M&E procedures to fit in the PIM (see section E). 3. Implementation of baseline surveys, including training of enumerators (see section F). 4. Training of Project Management Units (PMUs), at HQ as well as State level (see section G). 5. Mentoring for project management and M&E (see section H). 6. Drawing lessons (see section I). The timing of these activities is provided in the work plan as part of the Inception Report. B. The ASI/Integrity Team The Plan will be implemented by the following team: 1. Kees Kingma – Principle Capacity Building Mentor / Team Leader 2. Bryon Gillespie – M&E Expert 3. Alex Rusita – M&E Capacity Building Mentor 4. Charles Abola – State level Assistant Mentor 5. Jackie Kasiiku – State level Assistant Mentor 6. Francis Odiwuor – State level Assistant Mentor 7. Peter Olowo – State level Assistant Mentor Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 8. Victor Bol Dungu – Senior Research Supervisor 9. Research Supervisor (name to be confirmed) 10. Research Supervisor (name to be confirmed) 11. Research Supervisor (name to be confirmed) The team will be backed up by: 1. Andrew Cummings – Program Manager, ASI 2. Melyn McKay – Country Director, Integrity, Juba 3. Martine Zeuthen – M&E Surveys Expert, Integrity, Nairobi 4. Edith Odhiambo – Logistical and administrative support, ASI, Juba C. General principles The following principles apply for the entire support provided by ASI and Integrity: a) The pilot project is designed and will be implemented as a learning process. b) The ASI/Integrity team will work closely with the PMU, with the perspective to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDDRC as a whole. c) The systems that will be developed with the NDDRC would need to be sound, but also realistic given the circumstances. d) The assistance will be based on a complementarity of training, mentoring and systems development. e) The assistance will focus on the NDDRC capacity at HQ level as well as in the four states of greater Bahr el Ghazal. f) The assistance will focus on the pilot phase, and work primarily through the PMU. But all activities will be undertaken from the perspective of strengthening the national capacity to implement the larger DDR operation that is foreseen. g) ASI/Integrity are taking a purposeful approach to monitoring for this assignment, focusing on building a responsive M&E system that provides real-time feedback into the PMU and management team to develop evidence-based implementation and draw lessons for the future. D. Project Implementation Manual (PIM) – 10 June - 3 September The Project Implementation Manual (PIM) will be developed by the HQ PMU of the NDDRC. Basic components for the PIM have already been developed with assistance of World Bank consultants. The ASI/Integrity team will ‘shepherd’ the process through the provision of technical advice and feedback. The HQ PMU will continuously update the PIM as the project rolls out. The SPMUs and the ASI/Integrity team will throughout the project provide their inputs into the process of updating and adapting the PIM, building on the lessons learned. 4 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation The PIM will among others: • Outline the institutional setup of the project; • Define the main principles and approaches of reintegration support during the pilot phase; • Define the main principles and approaches of M&E; • Define the principles and systems of project management; • Define the role of the HQ PMU within the wider NDDRC; • Define distinct (complementary) roles of HQ PMU and the 4 SPMUs; • Identify relevant external organizations that the NDDRC will work with; • Define a division of responsibility between SPMU and the firms delivering components 3 and 4 of the project, which will have their own project management activities; and • Determine specific procedures, such as for: eligibility, data capture and management; metrics for data analysis; and reporting requirements. The PIM will be the foundation for the development of the SPMUs, providing key information on procedures to be followed and guidelines on staff activities. Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: all team members will be involved, coordinated by the Team Leader. • NDDRC: all members of the PMUs will be involved over the entire project period, coordinated by the chairperson of the PMU. Product: The – by then – draft version of the PIM will be attached to the Final Report, to be presented to the NDDRC and the World Bank on November 15, 2013. E. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) – 24 June - 19 July The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) component of the project includes the design of an M&E system and the formation of an M&E Unit. The M&E system will as much as possible be based on existing systems of the NDDRC and build effective and efficient linkages with the Commission’s Information, Counseling and Referral System (ICRS). Similarly, the M&E Unit will establish clear working arrangements with those that will be working on the ICRS. Monitoring and data collection is crucial for the successful delivery of the pilot project, aiming to draw lessons to inform forthcoming phases of the DDR programme. ASI/Integrity are taking a purposeful approach to monitoring for this assignment, focusing on building a responsive M&E system that provides real-time feedback to the PMU and management team to develop evidence-based implementation and draw lessons for the future. By the end of the pilot the team will have begun to build the capacity at the HQ and State level in order for the Commission to be able to continue the M&E efforts with reduced mentoring in future phases of the programme. At the State level M&E officers will be trained to continue data collection efforts, and relevant NDDRC staff will have been trained how to produce basic M&E reports. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 The M&E Expert will work closely with the implementation and M&E teams of the livelihood and community support components (components 3 & 4) of the pilot project in order to ensure cross-programmatic coordination and minimize data collection duplication. The M&E approach is designed to be both purposeful and responsive, and tailored to support the overarching capacity building goals of the pilot. Right from the initial steps of the pilot, the M&E component will be integral to successfully directing the programme and to achieving the pilot’s learning objective. The M&E system will be designed to: 1. Provide a continual assessment of progress; 2. Create a data flow and real time feedback loop to inform and adjust operations; and 3. Document all lessons learned recommending modifications or improvements to individual parts or all of the components. The M&E Expert, in close consultation with the NDDRC and the World Bank M&E consultant, will design the M&E system and in particular programme indicators. The number of indicators is meant to remain manageable and realistic bearing in mind the scope and timeframe for the project and associated data collection. The indicators will feed into the log-frame design and the M&E Expert along with the senior management and World Bank M&E consultant will ensure the development of a realistic and suitable data collection plan. To manage the data collection, the NDDRC will establish a formal M&E Unit in Juba. The adequacy of the staffing will be assessed and discussed with NDDRC management. From the HQ PMU the M&E Capacity Building Mentor will undertake training of M&E support staff and officers in the four States. The focus of the training of the HQ based staff will be on the basics of data collection as well as data management, analysis and simple report writing. In the States the focus will be more on data collection and data collection coordination, data storage and management. Beyond the specific training sessions and mentoring processes for the NDDRC staff will be an integrated part of the design of the M&E Unit, to ensure that the tools and systems developed are transferrable and capacity remain in NDDRC for future implementation of the programme. Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: a) the M&E Expert, and b) the M&E Capacity Building Mentor. • NDDRC: a) the ICRS Manager, and b) the head of the M&E Unit of the NDDRC. All other ICRS and M&E related staff of the NDDRC will be involved. • The coordinators of the livelihoods and community support components. Product: • Components of the draft M&E system were discussed and after revision submitted to the NDDRC on 25 July. A revised draft will be produced once feedback received from the NDDRC. • The components of the M&E system will be reflected in the draft PIM. • M&E training will be included in the training sessions planned for. 6 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation F. Baseline Surveys – 1 July - 15 November A significant part of the implementation phase of the M&E component is to supervise, support and report on the two baseline surveys, one of the XCs and one on communities. The objectives of the surveys are: a) To understand the demographic characteristics, livelihood aspirations and social capital profiles of ex-combatants (XCs); b) To document the impacts of livelihood activities on XCs and their communities, income and savings, and overall economic productivity per cooperative and small farm and enterprise; and c) To provide broader level information to NDDRC for use in documenting programme impacts in a post-pilot phase, and methods for improving programme management, and developing new and improved livelihood and capacity building products and services. The baseline data will be integral to the ongoing M&E feedback loop into the programme, analyzing the data will contribute to establishing how progress will be made against the stated objectives. The XCs and community baselines are however standalone deliverables from the M&E Unit and require further methodological elaboration. Baseline survey on ex-combatants (XCs) The baseline survey of XCs has been designed with assistance of World Bank consultants, and was tested during the ASI/Integrity inception mission. The World Bank has handed over the survey to the contractor, ASI/Integrity, which has taken charge of training enumerators and implementing the survey. The sample will be the entire population of XCs accepted into the Transitional Facility in Mapel by 1 June 2013. The training of the enumerators (12 NDDRC ICRS caseworkers) took place in Wau 2-4 July, led by the M&E Capacity Building Expert. The training focused on getting enumerators comfortable with administering the tool itself, as well as with good interview practice, and research ethics required for conducting surveys. The training was a positive experience, enjoyed by all participants. The enumerators are motivated, and were indeed seen as capable of carrying out the survey. They identified several questions that they felt risked being culturally insensitive and could thus damage rapport and jeopardize data quality, or even in themselves generate erroneous or irrelevant data. Discussions allowed enumerators to discuss amongst themselves how to frame the questions during the interview in order to get the intended information (enumerators need to translate questions in any case; XCs in the facility mainly speak their own ethnic languages). Enumerators took notes about interviews as they conduct them, flagging problematic questions or issues that participants raise and do not have a place within the questionnaire, as background information for the analyst that will do statistical analysis. A Sr. Research Supervisor oversaw the work of the enumerators conducting the XCs survey, mostly through spot checks and the like. Rather, the role of the supervisor was to provide quality control by reviewing data as it is entered into the ICRS database, and hold debriefings each evening in order to receive feedback from enumerators about issues they encountered and consolidating these issues into notes for the analyst who will conduct statistical analysis. Both the enumerators and the Research Supervisor submitted reports. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 Reporting on the XC baseline survey is being led by the M&E Surveys Expert (in Nairobi). A draft report on the survey will be submitted on 15 August 2013, to be discussed with the NDDRC. Baseline survey on communities As set out in the ToR, a baseline survey of a sample of communities that is representative of the various location types where XCs return will be conducted. The baseline will provide a snapshot of community attitudes towards returnees and XCs, which will provide important input for the Steering Committee in its development of the strategy for community support through the project. Perceptions, expectations, fears, attitudes and socio-economic circumstances of the communities that the XCs are reintegrating into will be captured, using indicators that will be simple to track. The baseline will also provide a point of comparison for the tracer study that will be conducted in later stages of the project, which allows the project to capture any changes that may have come about over the period of project implementation. The parameters for the survey are the following: • Four locations: The survey will cover 4 locations in greater Bahr el Ghazal, and capture a representative mixture of urban and rural respondents. • 800 respondents: Fieldwork will be conducted by 10 enumerators over 20 days, at an expected average rate of 4 surveys/enumerator/day. (This planning will be more detailed once the communities will have been selected.) The questionnaire is being developed by Integrity, based on lessons from the XC survey and previous other templates. The XC baseline survey training made it clear that ICRS workers and Commission staff need to be more closely involved in the development of the tool than they have been in the past for three reasons: 1) building capacity of staff to carry out research activities, 2) validating the tool and ensuring questions are culturally appropriate, and 3) maintaining ‘ownership’ of the program by the NDDRC staff. Therefore the implementation of the survey will include a thorough validation and pilot phase to adjust the instrument, if required. At present, the plan is to implement the survey using open source survey software on Android-based tablet computers. These will allow data to be uploaded to remote servers whenever the tablets are online. This offers clear logistical benefits over traditional pen and paper surveys, and XC training with enumerators has shown that with training, the enumerators will be able to learn to use the survey application on tablet computers Enumerator teams will be supervised by one Sr. Research Manager, who will ensure that proper community sampling protocols will be observed so that representative data is collected according to the sample plan. Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: design supervision by M&E Expert; training by M&E Capacity Mentor and Sr. Research Supervisor; implementation by all Research Supervisors; reporting by the M&E Surveys Expert. • NDDRC: training of 12 ICRS caseworkers for three days in Wau, involving also 8 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation M&E Officer and Reintegration Director from Juba and ICRS Manager; followed by two weeks survey work by the 12 ICRS caseworkers in Mapel. Time requirement for the community survey still to be specified (but is budgeted for 20 days in total). The selection of communities to be included in the survey is currently being discussed with the NDDRC. Product: • The draft report on the XCs baseline survey will be submitted on 15 August 2013, to be discussed with the NDDRC. • The draft report on the community baseline survey will be submitted on 15 November 2013, to be discussed with the NDDRC. G. Training of Project Management Units (PMUs) – 19-30 August The PMUs at HQ in Juba as well as those in the four states of Bahr el Ghazal will be provided with training as well as on-the-job mentoring. The Principle Capacity Building Mentor, with support from the M&E experts, will develop a comprehensive training process for HQ PMU and SPMU. The training sessions will be concentrated in the period 19-30 August, with one multi-day session foreseen in Juba and one in Wau. The training will cover the key systems and processes that will be put in place, using the PIM as the basis. In the training sessions the NDDRC staff themselves would play a central role. The Principle Capacity Building Mentor will facilitate the delivery of the PMU training. The first sessions will be with members of the HQ PMU in a train the trainers / supervisors modality. Training will cover the key requirements for reporting and monitoring. It will also sensitize the HQ on its central role and its dealings with the SPMUs. The four Assistant Mentors who will lead the capacity support in the State offices will also actively participate in the Juba training. Following the training of the HQ, the Principle Capacity Building Mentor and the four Assistant Mentors will facilitate training to the SPMU teams in Wau. The training will be tailored to the needs in the four states, addressing how they deal with issues in the State whilst also providing the key data requirements to HQ. Following the delivery of the capacity building training, the Assistant Mentors will be embedded in the NDDRC Offices in their respective States, with the Principle Capacity Building Mentor continuing his mentoring and support role in Juba. For the remainder of the project the mentors will offer advice, guidance and on the job training and support in managing the reintegration support and in conducting research to their counterparts whilst also identifying and formulating the lessons learned that will be included in the end of project report. In addition to the HQ and the (combined) state level training sessions programmed, smaller sessions will be held in which the currently existing systems and procedures will be reviewed with the responsible staff at the various levels in the organization, as well as relevant implementation partners. The responsible officers of the Commission will play an important role as resource people. Focus will be on critical approaches and systems to provide reintegration assistance and conduct M&E. Feasible and practical improvements will be discussed and proposed to senior management. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: all team members. Training in Wau: Team Leader, M&E Capacity Building Mentor and four Assistant Mentors. • NDDRC: a) all staff of the HQ PMU will be part of the training in Juba for 3.5 days; and b) all staff in the four State PMUs will be part of the training in Wau for 3.5 days, plus 5 NDDRC specialist staff from HQ PMU. • Key staff of the implementing partners of components 3 and 4 of the pilot will be invited to the training sessions. Product: • Training plan/agenda proposed by 12 August. • Training session in Juba: 19-22 August. • Training session in Wau: 27-30 August. H. Mentoring – 24 June - 27 September An important component of the capacity building support is the process of ‘mentoring’. It implies that each of the ASI/Integrity team members will conduct his or her work in such a manner that it enables and empowers the members of the PMUs to understand and implement their own tasks. Team members will be easily accessible for questions and advice. They will also actively ask questions and/or make suggestions with regard to the responsibilities of the members of the PMUs. The mentoring is an ongoing, flexible and mostly informal process. The main mentoring connections will be: • Principle Capacity Building Mentor will mostly work with the chairperson of the HQ PMU and the Director for Reintegration. If requested, he would also work in similar ways with other members of the NDDRC’s senior management. • The M&E experts will mostly work with those members in the Commission with responsibilities for M&E, in particular the M&E officer at HQ. This would also include staff responsible for the ICRS. • The Assistant Mentors will primarily be mentoring the Directors of the state offices. Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: all team members. • NDDRC: all members of the HQ PMU and the four SPMUs. I. Drawing Lessons – 5 August - 27 September The pilot project is meant to be a learning process. Both the HQ and SPMUs will be capacitated to learn lessons during the pilot phase of the reintegration support that can be applied to future DDR programming in South Sudan. The ASI/Integrity team will pull all lessons together and present them along with recommendations in the final report. The Principle Capacity Building Mentor, with input from other team members, will be at the center of the formal effort to develop lessons learned. 10 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation The data and indicators that the ICRS will be gathering from the field, with assistance from the ASI/Integrity team, can then be drawn upon for progress reports and shared in advance of the final external evaluation. The ASI/Integrity M&E team will be responsible for tracking progress made as well as on particular areas of concern that the team needs to address to optimize the impact of the intervention. The pilot is the opportunity to trial untested activities and approaches and learn more about what works as well as developing systems and procedures for the following phases of the programme. Data analysis will provide information for a feedback mechanism and indeed contribute to the learning objective with the pilot. To be successful in its ongoing data collection, analysis and reporting, the M&E Unit will require ongoing coordination between the Unit, the HQ PMU, the SPMUs and implementing partners. Whilst lessons will be recorded in an ongoing fashion, they will then form part of an open discussion about each area with the HQ PMU, SPMUs and senior management of the Commission. Following this feedback there will then be a draft lessons learned document presented to the NDDRC and the World Bank. Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: all team members, coordinated by the Team Leader. • NDDRC: all staff of the NDDRC, coordinated by the chairperson of the PMU. Product: • A comprehensive set of lessons learned will be presented in the Final Report presented to the NDDRC and the World Bank on 15 November 2013. J. Reporting The ASI/IR team will produce the following reports: 1. Weekly updates to the people working on reintegration support (cc. World Bank). 2. Monthly Progress Briefs to the World Bank and NDDRC. 3. Interim Report 1, containing a) the M&E system developed, and b) the XC baseline survey report. 4. Interim Report 2, containing a) the report on HQ training provided, b) the report on state training provided, and c) the community baseline survey report. 5. Final Report, including: a) final summary of activities, b) lessons learned, c) recommendations, and d) draft PIM (as appendix). Staff involved: • ASI/Integrity: entire team. Reports submitted by the Team Leader and/or ASI Program Manager. Final Report - Annex A DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex B Ex-Combatant Baseline Survey Report Completed by: Integrity Research and Consultancy august 2013 ! Executive Summary 1. Introduction The National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) in South Sudan is conducting a Pilot Reintegration Project in order to test its systems and draw lessons from the initial activities in preparation for what will become a large reintegration support operation in the future. The project is supported by the Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP) of the World Bank (WB), which has contracted Adam Smith International (ASI) in partnership with Integrity Research and Consultancy (Integrity) to provide capacity-building and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) support to the NDDRC. Monitoring and data collection is crucial to the successful delivery of the pilot project, aiming to draw information about the participants to inform the work of the NDDRC at state level as well as lessons to inform forthcoming phases of the DDR programme as a whole. A significant part of the implementation phase of the M&E component is to supervise, support and report on two baseline surveys; one involving ex-combatants (XCs) and the other on the communities to which they belong. This report presents the findings of the XC survey. 2. The XC baseline survey This baseline survey constitutes an essential component of the preparation and learning process of the NDDRC by providing important data and information about the XC and the support operation. The baseline survey will be followed up with a tracer study in 2014 to compare the situation before and after the support operation and to provide further recommendations to the NDDRC. The baseline survey of XCs in South Sudan was developed by drawing on the experience of conducting similar surveys in Uganda, Rwanda and elsewhere. Designed and piloted with the assistance of WB consultants, ASI / Integrity undertook training and implemented the survey with the support of caseworkers from the NDDRC. 12 ICRS caseworkers from the NDDRC were engaged as enumerators and trained by ASI / Integrity in preparation for administering the XC survey from the 2nd to the 4th of July 2013. The training focused on ensuring the enumerators were comfortable with the survey tool, as well as with good interview practice and the standard of research ethics required for conducting surveys. The training also served to pilot the instrument, which was adjusted to fit the context ! 1 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 1 ! and the unique needs of the NDDRC and the XC. The survey was undertaken in the training facility in Mapel between the 6th and 15th of July, using the entire population of XCs accepted into the Transitional Facility by 1 June 2013 as the sample. 3. Key Findings The survey provided data on a number of issues including levels of education, economic situation, their interests in terms of livelihoods and information about relations between XCs as well as their relations to their host communities. Some findings are of particular interest for the programme and future activities. The research revealed that levels of literacy among XCs were very low. This is undoubtedly due to a lack of access to education during the war and a lack of infrastructure to support these services. In terms of training, the highest interest amongst ex-combatant was for agricultural / horticultural training and auto mechanic training. The findings also revealed that XCs are highly likely to know other XCs returning to the same area, and that the majority will be return to thatched roof / mud walled tukul houses. ! For many, life after the armed forces is concerned with acquiring and working land, obtaining livestock and ensuring their family’s food security. Many are able to decrease hunger in the household by selling crops, fishing for food and selling fish in the markets. Nevertheless, approximately half feel that their families often go hungry. Many XCs are the sole breadwinners for their family and face the pressure of continuing their income. The research revealed that two-thirds of XCs were only generating income from the military, that most have not considered migrating for work outside of the country, and that the vast majority have never applied for micro-credit. Very few XCs had ever been a part of an economic cooperative, but worth noting is, that in South Sudan the concept of a cooperative is quite unfamiliar and thus the term is difficult to define (see Annex A). Many understand the idea of a Sanduk, which is an informal joint lending scheme, but does not involve a communal enterprise or business. Future iterations of this topic should address the definition of a cooperative and the translation into terms that are familiar. A further key finding was that most XCs felt that they would be welcomed into the community. Most XCs are involved in one or more social groups within their communities, most identify their friends as those of the same gender and age, and a majority of male XCs claimed to feel free to speak out in their communities. While most XCs claimed to feel happy, and the ! 2 2 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! majority felt that they are able to make important decisions in their lives, more than half asserted that the community leaders do not listen to their concerns . Besides these initial findings the survey has also provided data for comparison with the subsequently undertaken community survey, both will provide useful comparisons at programme level when the tracer studies has been undertaken after completion of the pilot. Lessons learned and specific recommendations for further surveys are included in Annex A. ! 3 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 ! Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 TRAINING .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 INSTRUMENT ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 SAMPLING ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.4 FIELDWORK .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE SURVEY ................................................................................................ 8 3. KEY FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 EDUCATION AND TRAINING .................................................................................................... 9 3.2 HOUSING AND SECURITY ..................................................................................................... 13 3.3 LAND, LIVESTOCK AND FOOD SECURITY .............................................................................. 19 3.4 ECONOMIC ISSUES .............................................................................................................. 30 3.5 COOPERATIVES .................................................................................................................. 38 3.6 SOCIAL CAPITAL ................................................................................................................. 39 3.7 EMPOWERMENT .................................................................................................................. 48 3.8 SOCIAL CHANGE ................................................................................................................. 52 4. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 63 ANNEX A: SURVEY RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................ 65 ANNEX B: DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES BY STATE ............................................................. 69 ANNEX C: INSTRUMENT .......................................................................................................... 90 ANNEX D: REGISTRATION DATA CAPTURED BY ICRS DATABASE ................................. 98 ! 4 4 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 1. Introduction The National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) in South Sudan is conducting a Pilot Reintegration Project in order to test its systems and draw lessons from the initial activities in preparation for what will become a large reintegration support operation in the future. The project is supported by the Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP) of the World Bank (WB), which has contracted Adam Smith International (ASI) in partnership with Integrity Research and Consultancy (Integrity) to provide capacity-building and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) support to the NDDRC. Monitoring and data collection is crucial for the successful delivery of the pilot project, aiming to draw lessons to inform forthcoming phases of the DDR programme. This baseline survey constitutes an essential component of the preparation and learning process of the NDDRC by providing important data and information about the XCs and the support operation. The baseline survey will be followed up with a tracer study in 2014 to compare the situation before and after the support operation and to provide recommendations to the NDDRC. Drawing on experience of similar surveys in Uganda, Rwanda and other countries, the baseline for XCs was developed for South Sudan. The baseline survey of XCs was designed with assistance of World Bank consultants, and was tested during the ASI/Integrity inception mission. The World Bank handed over the survey to the contractor, ASI/Integrity, which has taken charge of training enumerators and support the NDDRC in implementing the survey. The sample is the entire population of XCs accepted into the Transitional Facility in Mapel by 1 June 2013. 12 NDDRC ICRS caseworkers were engaged as enumerators and trained in preparation of the survey the 2-4th of July 2013. The training focused on getting enumerators comfortable with administering the tool itself, as well as with good interview practice, and research ethics required for conducting surveys. The training also served to pilot the instrument, which was adjusted to fit the context and the unique needs of the NDDRC and the combatants. The survey took place from the 6th to the 15th of July in Mapel immediately after the ICRS Caseworker training. ! 5 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 ! The purpose of the survey, and the planned tracer studies, is to: (i) Gain understanding of the demographic characteristics, livelihood aspirations and social capital profiles of XCs; (ii) Document the impact of livelihood activities on XCs and their communities, income and savings, and overall economic productivity per cooperative, small farm and enterprise; (iii) Provide a broader level information to NDDRC for use in documenting programme impact in a post-pilot phase, and methods for improving programme management, and developing new and improved livelihood and capacity building products and services. 2. Methodology The survey was undertaken using a standard procedure, starting with training in how to use the tools, testing the instrument and adapting the programming based on suggestions and amendments. The M&E capacity building advisor led the training along with participation from the NDDRC and TDRP programmer. The training was undertaken in the Transitional Facility in Mapel and included participation of 11 ICRS caseworkers, who worked as enumerators for the survey. The caseworkers had been briefed about the research and were somewhat familiar with the survey given that small pilot had already been developed to test the instrument in Juba in advance of the larger pilot survey. Moreover, the ICRS team has been involved in similar studies and was well equipped to undertake successful data collection. 2.1 Training The ICRS caseworkers were trained in advance of undertaking the survey to improve their interviewing capacity and their ability to handle ethical issues that might arise. The ICRS caseworkers were also given an in-depth introduction to all questions, and had numerous guided practice sessions, including one in which they interviewed each other using local languages and developed agreed interpretations of key terminology and concepts. This preparation ensured the caseworkers fully understood the questionnaire and were able to administer it using the IT platform and laptop computers. ! 6 6 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 2.2 Instrument During the pilot, changes were made to the instrument, which was programmed in real-time by the WB programmer. Given that the instrument was new to most of the ICRS caseworkers and it employed a template used elsewhere, several of the questions needed clarifications and adaption to the South Sudanese context. The themes of the pre-developed WB instrument covered: • Relationship and marital status • Education • Housing and security • Land, livestock and food security • Reintegration experiences • Economic issues • Empowerment • Social change This report also provides findings from Registration data, collected for each ex-combatant in the facility prior to this survey, with the themes including (but not limited to):1 • Family background • Language • Medical • Resettlement 2.3 Sampling In total, 269 DDR participants were surveyed within the time frame, of which 17 were female. The remaining 14 potential respondents (1 female) were unavailable during the implementation of the study. While the intention had been to collect information from all individuals, the absence of these 14 is likely to have had only a trivial impact upon the findings, both due to the relatively small number and as there is no reason to believe that any biases in the sample would occur as a result. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 The survey instrument was specifically designed not to collect information already generated within the Registration data. ! 7 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 ! 2.4 Fieldwork A Survey Manager was at the interview site (Mapel) throughout the interview process and reviewed the questionnaires daily and initiated assistance when it was required, to ensure they had technical support while conducting the interviews. As reported in more detail in Annex A, aspects of the instrument caused some challenges during the data collection, as questions were found difficult to comprehend by the respondents. Given the complexity of the questionnaire, each interview initially took up to two hours to complete. To improve the understanding of the questions, the ICRS team spent time explaining each one and provided examples. Over time the ICRS team became more familiar with the questionnaire and the average time decreased to 1-1.5 hours for the fastest caseworkers. The XCs were highly interested in participating in the research at the beginning of the research, in particular because the survey was linked to receiving official demobilisation identification cards. 66 surveys were completed on the first day alone. However, interest dropped as the survey continued, and the team often had to wait for or actively look for respondents who had not yet participated. 2.5 Limitations of the Survey Survey data must always be treated with caution, as certain interviewees may be tempted to provide false or misleading responses, for instance, out of fear, to aggrandise their own role in past events, or to distance themselves from certain acts. Social Desirability Bias, the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably by others, is also a repeated concern. In addition, some informants may have viewed research team members as potential gatekeepers of material support (e.g. funding, equipment, training), and thus may have misrepresented their circumstances and/or cause.2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2 See http://www.hicn.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/HiCN-RDN-15.pdf. ! 8 8 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3. Key Findings This section is broken down sequentially into subsections on Education and Training, Housing and Security, Land, Livestock and Food Security, Economics, Cooperatives, Social Issues, Empowerment, Social Change and Reintegration. Efforts were made during the analysis to identify differences in responses between subpopulations within the sample (e.g. between genders, age groups, state of origin). For the most part these differences were limited, and for each question the most revealing of these cross-correlations is presented in the graphs. The ability to conduct other demographic cross-correlations (e.g. by education levels) was limited by concerns with the Registration data (see Annex D). The analysis additionally involved attempts to identify patterns in the data between questions within the instrument itself (i.e. non- demographic cross-correlations). For instance, it was found that there was a relationship between livestock ownership and reported levels of hunger. ! 3.1 Education and Training The overall education levels in South Sudan are low due to a lack of access to education during the war and infrastructure to support these services. Some XCs received a minimal level of education during their military recruitment and training or during stints in refugee camps during the war. Others are acquiring literacy skills for the first time during the DDR training process. This subsection focuses on findings related to education and training. Key findings include the low literacy levels among XCs and the high interest in receiving agricultural / horticulture training and auto mechanic training. ! 9 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 ! Figure 1: Ability to read single words by state and gender Figure 1 indicates that the majority of respondents claimed to be unable to read or write single words. For instance, this applied to 179 (67 per cent) of the males and 13 (76 per cent) of the females. Limited differences were identified in percentage terms between the four states. ! 10 10 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 2: Ability to read full sentences by state and gender As would be expected, even fewer respondents asserted that they were able to read and write full sentences, as is shown in Figure 2. Only 14 (16 per cent) made this claim from Lakes state and 14 (22 per cent) from Warrap. ! 11 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 ! Figure 3: Training received in vocational training preference by training preference Figure 3 shows that the most common first preference for vocational training was agriculture / horticulture, with a total of 119 respondents (44 per cent) providing this answer. This is perhaps unsurprising as farming is the main vocation of most regions of South Sudan. Figure 3 also demonstrates that a substantial proportion of the respondents claimed that they were not being trained in their first choice. For instance, 32 of the 119 respondents (27 per cent) whose preference was agriculture / horticulture asserted they were not receiving such training. The follow-up question on which material (non-cash) assistance would be beneficial following vocational training provided varied results, with many respondents offering generic answers such as ‘tools,’ ‘equipment’ and ‘materials.’ Amongst those preferring agriculture / horticulture, common responses also included seed, an ox-plough, and a tractor. Many of those who opted for auto mechanic training often replied that a toolbox, a generator, a garage and a licence would be beneficial. ! 12 12 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.2 Housing and Security For the DDR process it is important to understand ex-combatant perceptions of their environment for reintegration so that future programming can acknowledge and address concerns and challenges. This section presents the findings related to housing and security. Key findings include XCs’ high likelihood of knowing other XCs returning to the same area, the majority returning to thatched roof / mud walled tukul houses, and that they perceive the areas of reintegration as being safe. ! Figure 4: Knowledge of other ex-combatants returning to same location by state Figure 4 shows that the majority of respondents claimed to know of other XCs who will be returning to their location, for instance, with 52 of 65 (80 per cent) making this claim in Warrap. This is likely due to close tribal and community relations and networks in states. Familial networks run wide in South Sudan, suggesting that this may provide additional support for reintegration. ! 13 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 ! Figure 5: Housing type returning to by state The majority of respondents (66 per cent) claimed that they would return to a thatched roof / mud wall house after leaving the Transitional Facility, with a second common response being grass-side houses (21 per cent). This is unsurprising as these housing types are the most common throughout South Sudan. As shown in Figure 5, only limited variance was observed between states, for instance, with 10 per cent of respondents (9 individuals) claiming that they would return to an iron sheeting structure in Lakes, compared to less than 5 per cent in each of the other three states. A degree of caution should be taken in interpreting the findings regarding housing type as respondents may be homeless, but unwilling to report this due to social stigma. A total of 188 respondents (70 per cent) claimed that they owned their housing structure and a further 30 (11 per cent) stated that it was owned by a spouse / partner. These findings were relatively consistent across the four main states of origin. ! 14 14 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 6: Perception of living situation compared to neighbours by state Nearly half (49 per cent) of the respondents claimed that their living situation was worse than that of others nearby. 25 respondents (31 per cent) made this assertion in Western Bahr El Ghazal, whereas only 5 (6 per cent) maintained that their situation was better. Only minimal differences were identified in these responses between age groups. ! 15 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 ! Figure 7: Perceptions of local safety by state 219 of the respondents (81 per cent) claimed to feel safe in their areas of residence, with this response being somewhat more common in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (94 per cent), as shown in Figure 7. This undoubtedly reflects that Northern Bahr el Ghazal has very minimal security issues or tensions compared to other states. It is possible that XCs perception of safety is different than common citizens, since they have been part of security forces and been exposed to greater tensions and conflicts. ! 16 16 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 8: Perceptions of conflict likelihood by state 58 respondents (22 per cent) believed that it was likely that conflict on the scale of war will resume in South Sudan, compared to 108 (40 per cent) who maintained that this is unlikely. Those reintegrating into Western Bahr el Ghazal and Lakes state may feel a heightened sense of a possibility of war due to ongoing tribal conflicts and tensions in these particular states. ! 17 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 ! Figure 9: Expectations of conflict between ex-combatant and other community members by state Expected tensions between ex-combatant and other community members appear to be minimal, with 197 of the respondents (74 per cent) maintaining that violence would never occur on the basis of differences between these groups. This may imply that XCs feel as though they will be welcomed back to their home environment. As shown in Figure 9, however, 3 respondents (4 per cent) from Western Bahr el Ghazal state claimed that this would ‘always’ occur. ! ! 18 18 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.3 Land, Livestock and Food Security For many, life after the armed forces is concerned with acquiring and working land, obtaining livestock and ensuring their family’s food security. Many are able to decrease hunger in the household by selling crops, fishing for food and selling fish in the markets. This section presents findings related to land, livestock and food security. Key findings include that few XCs are able to sell crops or fish for profit, one-third own livestock, and that approximately half feel that their families often go hungry. Figure 10: Changes in land usage by state As indicated in Figure 10, a total of 108 respondents (41 per cent) maintained they owned more arable land for planting and harvesting compared to two years ago. A further 97 asserted that this quantity had not changed (37 per cent), and 31 claimed that they now owned less (12 per cent). Those stating that they owned additional land tended to claim that this was because of inheritance, as land was communal (suggesting it was simply the case there was nothing to stop them utilising additional land), or as they had cleared previously unused land. Future iterations of the survey may elaborate on the definitions of land ownership and usage. ! 19 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 ! Figure 11: Sales of produce from land by state A total of 95 respondents (36 per cent) claimed that they sold produce grown on this land. This may suggest that many do not have access to markets or improved farming techniques to increase their harvest. As indicated in Figure 11, the proportion giving this response was lowest in Warrap (25 per cent) and highest in Western Bahr el Ghazal (48 per cent). ! 20 20 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 12: Ownership of livestock by state A total of 89 respondents (33 per cent) claimed that they owned livestock (excluding poultry), and this was relatively consistent across the states of origin, as shown in Figure 12. This is an important statistic to note as owning livestock is a sign of wealth and status in South Sudan. For men, it is crucial for their prospects of marrying. ! 21 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 ! Figure 13: Change in quantity of livestock by state A total of 32 respondents (12 per cent) claimed that they had more livestock now compared to two years ago, compared to 75 (28 per cent) who claimed that they now owned less. The vast majority (97 per cent) of those responding ‘do not know’ or offering no response to this question claimed to have no livestock in the previous question (see Annex A on the topic of skip patterns in the instrument). ! 22 22 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 14: Reliance upon fishing by state As indicated in Figure 14, approximately half of the respondents from each of the four states claimed to fish to feed their households. Further research is required into the reasons why the remainder do not rely upon fishing, including whether this was due to many not living in close proximity to water. ! 23 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 ! Figure 15: Selling of fish by state 18 of the 42 respondents (43 per cent) from Lakes claiming to fish (see Figure 14) asserted that they sold some of this produce, as shown in Figure 15. In contrast, 28 of 43 (65 per cent) from Western Bahr el Ghazal made this same claim. Again, this points to the need for more research to understand, for instance, if this was due to a lack of access to markets. ! 24 24 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 16: Household hunger by state 21 respondents (8 per cent) claimed that their household ‘always’ goes hungry, with a further 128 (48 per cent) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs. As is indicated in Figure 16, the differences between states in terms of proportions were marginal. A number of the enumerators reported that questions relating to food access and security were particularly sensitive, thus caution should be taken in interpreting these and the subsequent findings. ! 25 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 ! Figure 17: Ownership of livestock by household hunger As indicated in Figure 17, 20 respondents (11 per cent) whose households do not own livestock maintained that their family members ‘always’ experience hunger, compared to 1 respondent (1 per cent) of those whose households own livestock. It is not possible to make firm conclusions regarding casualty from the available data, and it may be that hunger drives a lack of livestock (i.e. livestock has to be sold by hungry families), or a lack of livestock leads to hunger (i.e. families are not able to consume dairy, etc.). ! 26 26 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 18: Household hunger by fishing to feed household As is demonstrated in Figure 18, there were limited differences in the extent to which those respondents that did / did not rely upon fishing maintained that their households experience hunger. This suggests that fishing is more of a routine undertaking, rather than being a survival strategy for families in crisis. ! 27 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 ! Figure 19: Asking other for food by state A total of 8 respondents (3 per cent) claimed that they or a household member ‘always’ asked others for food, with a further 53 (20 per cent) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs, as indicated in Figure 19. ! 28 28 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 20: Looking for food on the street by state In contrast, the vast majority of respondents (88 per cent) claimed that their family members ‘never’ searched for food on the street. This finding was relatively consistent between states, as indicated in Figure 20. It should be noted that this question may have been perceived as being culturally insensitive, as begging is not common in many communities. ! ! 29 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 ! 3.4 Economic Issues Many XCs are the sole breadwinners for their family and face the pressure of continuing their income. Understanding economic issues facing XCs is crucial to supporting the DDR programming to increase their opportunity to obtain work and support their families. Key findings from this subsection include that two-thirds of XCs were only generating income from the military, that most have not considered migrating for work outside of the country, and that the vast majority have never applied for micro-credit. Figure 21: Generate income outside of the military / armed forces by state A total of 84 respondents (32 per cent) maintained that they gain income additional to that generated through being in the military or armed forces, with the proportions replying in the affirmative largely consistent across the four main states of origin, as indicated in Figure 21. An open ended follow-on question revealed that the means through which this extra income was gained included farming, fishing, tailoring, carpentry, motor repair, thatching houses, selling wood, and producing charcoal and alcohol. A total of 113 respondents (42 per cent) claimed they returned to their pre-conflict form of employment, and this was relatively consistent between the states. ! 30 30 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 22: Generate income outside of the military / armed forces by age group and gender As indicated in Figure 22, the proportion of respondents claiming that they gained an income outside of the military / armed forces differed little between age groups and genders. ! 31 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 31 ! Figure 23: Considerations of moving / migrating by state A total of 79 (29 per cent) reported that they considered moving / migrating to other parts of South Sudan or abroad for improved employment opportunities. An open-ended follow-on question revealed that amongst those replying that they would not consider leaving, the most common factors preventing such a move were family obligations and a belief held by certain individuals that they were of a prohibitively advanced age. ! 32 32 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 24: Perceptions of difficulties in obtaining work by state A total of 97 respondents (36 per cent) maintained that it was more difficult for XCs than non- XCs to gain employment. An open-ended follow-on question revealed that, amongst those replying in the affirmative to this question, the most common explanation was a lack of education or training. ! 33 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 33 ! Figure 25: Perceptions of economic improvements by age group and gender 222 respondents (83 per cent) felt that their economic situation would improve in the near future, and this differed to only a limited extent between age groups, genders (as indicated in Figure 25), and states of origin. Amongst those responding in the affirmative, the largest proportion attributed this to their DDR training, with others stating that this expected change was contingent upon the government providing jobs. ! 34 34 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 26: Household breadwinners by state 210 respondents (78 per cent) maintained they were the sole breadwinners. This is unsurprising as there is typically one (male) breadwinner in nuclear and extended families in South Sudan. As is indicated in Figure 26, a notably higher proportion of respondents from Western Bahr el Ghazal (34 per cent) claimed that other members contributed to the household income, although this finding was partly driven by their being a greater number of females in the sample from this state. ! 35 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 35 ! Figure 27: Meeting household expenses by state When asked about whether they meet their household expenses at the end of the month, 35 respondents (13 per cent) claimed they have a surplus, 120 (45 per cent) asserted that they usually break even, and 99 (37 per cent) claimed that they have to borrow or rely upon family money transfers or past savings. As demonstrated in Figure 27, the proportion failing to meet expenses at the end of the month was highest amongst those from Warrap (45 per cent) and lowest amongst those from Northern Bahr el Ghazal (25 per cent). ! 36 36 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 28: Applications for micro-credit by state As demonstrated in Figure 28, 7 respondents (3 per cent) claimed that have applied for micro- credit from a financial institution. This might be explained by the lack of microcredit institutions offering credit in South Sudan, especially to men, or the lack of knowledge of their existence or how to apply. A follow-on question revealed that only 4 of these individuals had been successful in their applications, of which 3 were from Lakes and 1 from Northern Bahr el Ghazal. ! ! 37 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 37 ! 3.5 Cooperatives The key finding from this subsection is that very few XCs had ever been a part of an economic cooperative. In South Sudan the concept of a cooperative is quite unfamiliar and thus the term is difficult to define (see Annex A). Many understand the idea of a Sanduk, which is an informal joint lending scheme, but does not involve a communal enterprise or business. Future iterations of this topic should address the definition of a cooperative and the translation into terms that are familiar. Figure 29: Membership of co-operatives by state Only 3 of the respondents (1 per cent) claimed to currently be a member of a cooperative, with a further 48 (18 per cent) stating that they formerly were involved in such associations. 16 of these individuals further specified through an open-ended follow-on question that they were / had been involved in Sanduk. ! 38 38 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.6 Social Capital The South Sudanese concept of family is widespread and often includes distant relatives and close friends. The key findings from this subsection on social capital include that most XCs are involved in one or more social groups in their communities, most identify their friends as those of the same gender and age, and a majority of male XCs feel free to speak out in their communities. ! Figure 30: Belonging to social groups by age group and gender A total of 50 (19 per cent) of respondents asserted that they belonged to zero social groups, with a further 97 (36 per cent) maintaining that they belonged to one, and 74 (28 per cent) stating that they belonged to two. Involvement in social groups is common in South Sudan but varies according to the location and size of the community. Male respondents were far more likely to claim to belong to zero such groups (19 per cent) than females (6 per cent). 119 respondents (44 per cent) claimed to be on a management / organising committee for such a group. ! 39 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 39 ! Figure 31: Contact with family by state Figure 31 indicates that the majority of the respondents maintained contact with their immediate families on at least a monthly basis. This response undoubtedly reflects cell phone availability and network coverage, distance to places of residence, and other obstacles to maintaining contact. ! 40 40 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 32: Respondent ‘Types’ of Friends Figure 32 indicates that large proportions of respondents maintained that their friends were mostly of the same age (133 individuals, 49 per cent) and gender (160 individuals, 59 per cent), whereas only a minority claimed that they were mostly also XCs (73 individuals, 27 per cent). This finding may not be surprising, as South Sudanese typically have friends of their same gender. Some XCs may have been in the armed forces since an early age and formed a majority of their friendships within these years. ! 41 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 41 ! Figure 33: Sources of assistance for economic issues by state Figure 33 shows that respondents maintained that they would seek assistance in the case of experiencing economic issues from a variety of sources, with the most common responses being family (78 respondents, 29 per cent), non-ex-combatant friends (59 respondents, 22 per cent), and ex-combatant friends (36 respondent, 14 per cent). Typically South Sudanese have extended family members beyond those in their immediate community, who may be a helpful resource if in need of financial assistance. ! 42 42 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 34: Respondent trust in categories of people Figure 34 shows that most respondents reported to trust various categories of people, including elders / tribal authority (238 individuals, 88 per cent), employers (181 individuals, 67 per cent), and government employees in the security ministries (164 individuals, 61 per cent). These findings may be due to the fact that XCs were in a position of power in which they were entrusted with high levels of responsibility, and that this is now reflected in their attitudes toward other individuals and institutions. As elders and tribal authorities are highly regarded in communities, respondents may have felt that it was appropriate to claim trust in these individuals (i.e. this may be a case of Social Desirability Bias). ! 43 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 43 ! Figure 35: Ability to speak out by state A total of 198 respondents (75 per cent) claimed that they ‘definitely’ felt free to speak out if they disagreed with everyone else on a certain matter, with a further 42 (16 per cent) asserting that this was the case only with certain subjects. This may suggest that XCs felt confident in their position returning to a community after participating in the armed forces and that their opinions should be regarded highly. Caution should be taken in interpreting these findings, however, as it is possible that respondents interpreted this question differently, with some understanding it to refer to sensitive issues of politics or security, and others perhaps taking it to mean less controversial subjects. ! 44 44 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 36: Ability to speak out by age group and gender A notably greater proportion of males (59 per cent) claimed that they were ‘definitely’ willing to speak out than females (76 per cent). Similarly, marginally more individuals in the less than 40 years old (81 per cent) category made the same claim compared to those in the 40 to 49 (70 per cent) and 50+ categories (76 per cent). ! 45 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 45 ! Figure 37: Perceived changes in levels of trust by state The majority of the respondents (198 individuals, 74 per cent) maintained that the levels of local trust had remained the same over the past year, with minorities claiming that it had improved (50 individuals, 19 per cent) or worsened (9 individuals, 3 per cent). An open-ended follow-on question revealed that those asserting things had improved tended to attribute this to (unspecified) government policies, to improved law and order, and improved health systems. ! 46 46 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 38: Working with others for the benefit of the community by state ! Slightly over half of the respondents (57 per cent) claimed that they had worked with others in the place they live for the benefit of the community in the past year. While further research may indicate what type of work their responses are in reference to, it is possible that the respondents viewed their military service as work to benefit their communities. As shown in Figure 38, the proportion giving this response was highest in Warrap (64 per cent) and lowest in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (50 per cent). ! ! ! 47 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 47 ! 3.7 Empowerment A high level of empowerment felt by XCs can be a positive sign of reintegrating socially and economically in their communities. The findings presented in this subsection reveal that while most feel happy, and the majority feel that they can make important decisions in their lives, more than half asserted that the community leaders do not listen to their concerns. Figure 39: Perceptions of happiness by state 158 of the respondents (60 per cent) claimed to be happy, with the highest proportion being in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (78 per cent). As previously stated, Northern Bahr el Ghazal tends to be relatively peaceful compared to other states in the region, which may be reflected in these answers. ! 48 48 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 40: Perceptions of power to make important decisions by age group and gender 176 respondents (65 per cent) claimed to feel that they had a large amount of power to make important decisions about their lives, with a further 56 (21 per cent) asserting that they had a medium amount of power. While the percentages differ to only a limited extent between states, a notably higher proportion of males claimed to have ‘large’ and ‘medium’ amounts of power (67 and 21 per cent respectively) compared to females (41 and 18 per cent respectively). This is undoubtedly reflective of increased levels of agency held by males in most areas of the country. ! 49 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 49 ! Figure 41: Expressing concerns to officials by state A total of 25 respondents (9 per cent) claimed to have joined others on five or more occasions to express their concerns about community issues to official or local leaders over the past year. 47 (18 per cent) had participated in such activities between 1 and 5 times, and a further 57 (21 per cent) had undertaken such acts once. Notably, it was not possible to identify pronounced relations between poverty (as was revealed by the response to questions relating to livestock ownership and hunger) and such expressions of concern. In other words, the frequency of these expressions of concern was not dictated by the relative levels of poverty. ! 50 50 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 42: Expressing concerns to officials by state A total of 92 respondents (34 per cent) believed that officials and local leaders take voiced concerned into account ‘a lot’ through their decision making, with a further 129 (48 per cent) claiming that they did so ‘a little,’ and 48 (18 per cent) asserting that they did ‘not at all.’ The proportion claiming ‘not at all’ was notably higher amongst those under 40 years of age (24 per cent) and females (35 per cent). ! ! 51 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 51 ! 3.8 Social Change This subsection provides findings from a series of ‘step’ questions, including that respondents in Northern Bahr el Ghazal were marginally more optimistic than those in other state about their personal standing regarding access to food in relation to ‘the richest’ and ‘the poorest,’ and that those in Lakes and Northern Bahr el Ghazal were marginally more pessimistic than those in other state about their personal standing regarding access to clothing. Figure 43: Respondent perceived step in terms of food As is indicated in Figure 43, respondents in Northern Bahr el Ghazal were marginally more optimistic than those in other state about their personal standing regarding access to food in relation to ‘the richest’ and ‘the poorest.’ ! 52 52 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 44: Respondent perceived step in terms of clothing As is indicated in Figure 44, respondents in Northern Bahr el Ghazal were marginally more pessimistic than those in other state about their personal standing regarding access to clothing in relation to ‘the richest’ and ‘the poorest.’ ! 53 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 53 ! Figure 45: Respondent perceived step in terms of finances As is indicated in Figure 45, respondents in Lakes and Northern Bahr el Ghazal were marginally more pessimistic than those in other state about their personal standing regarding access to clothing in relation to ‘the richest’ and ‘the poorest.’ ! ! ! 54 54 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.9 Reintegration This subsection presents findings on XCs perceptions of reintegration. Key findings include that XCs feel negatively affected by a lack of education, that they feel as though they will be welcomed warmly into their communities, and that most did not think people would be hostile toward them. ! Figure 46: Contact with former commanders or senior personnel by state 197 (74 per cent) of the respondents asserted that they ‘never’ or ‘seldom’ have contact with their former commander or senior personnel in their military units, with their being little difference in the proportions between locations. ! 55 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 55 ! Figure 46: Financial income through former commander or senior personal by state Figure 46 demonstrates that the vast majority of respondents (84 per cent) claimed that they never gained financial income opportunities from their former commander or senior personnel. ! 56 56 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 47: Respondent perceived negative effects Figure 47 demonstrates that at demobilisation the respondents most commonly feel negatively affected by a lack education for their children (58 per cent), a lack of family / friends (51 per cent), a lack of education for themselves (40 per cent), and bad memories of conflict (38 per cent). These findings suggest and reinforce the national norm that education is of a great importance to most people. The response of memories could indicate that many suffer from some form of post traumatic or psychosocial stress. ! 57 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 57 ! Figure 48: Perceived reception from families by state Figure 48 indicates that the overwhelming majority of respondents (87 per cent) claimed that their families would be welcoming upon their return from the transitional facility. Similarly, the vast majority (86 per cent) felt that their communities would also be welcoming, with their being limited differences between the four states. This high expectation of acceptance reflects that most communities see XCs as war heroes, or at least that most XCs feel that this is the case. ! 58 58 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 49: Perceived life hurdles compared to non-ex-combatants by state As indicated in Figure 49, 44 respondents (17 per cent) asserted that life would be more difficult for XCs than other community members upon the return of the former, compared to 83 (31 per cent) claiming that life would be less difficult. Further research is needed to understand why XCs may feel this way. ! 59 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 59 ! Figure 50: Perceived fear of ex-combatants by state Figure 50 shows that the overwhelming majority of respondents (17 per cent) claimed that that people were not scared of them due to their status, although with the proportion being notably higher in Warrap (26 per cent). ! 60 60 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Figure 51: Perceived hostility towards ex-combatants by state 76 respondents (29 per cent) claimed that people will be hostile towards them because of their training / reintegration assistance. ! 61 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 61 ! Figure 52: Openness about role in conflict by state A total of 135 respondents (51 per cent) claimed to be open about their past role in conflict, as indicated in Figure 52. 37 respondents (14 per cent) asserted that people treat them differently because of this past, and 96 (36 per cent) maintained that there were people who they regretted informing about their past. ! 62 62 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 4. Conclusion In conclusion, the study reveals a number of interesting findings with regards to specific issues around education, economic situation, XC interests in terms of livelihoods as well as information about relations both between XCs, and between XCs and their host communities. As such the survey has lived up to the study objectives by providing understanding of the demographic characteristics, livelihoods aspirations and social capital profiles of the XC’s. The study revealed for example that levels of literacy among XCs were very low. This is undoubtedly due to a lack of access to education during the war and a lack of infrastructure to support these services. In terms of training, the highest interest amongst ex-combatant was for agricultural / horticultural training and auto mechanic training. The findings also revealed that XCs are highly likely to know other XCs returning to the same area, and that the majority will be return to thatched roof / mud walled tukul houses. ! For many, life after the armed forces is concerned with acquiring and working land, obtaining livestock and ensuring their family’s food security. Many are able to decrease hunger in the household by selling crops, fishing for food and selling fish in the markets. Nevertheless, approximately half feel that their families often go hungry. Many XCs are the sole breadwinners for their family and face the pressure of continuing their income. The research revealed that two-thirds of XCs were only generating income from the military, that most have not considered migrating for work outside of the country, and that the vast majority have never applied for micro-credit. Very few XCs had ever been a part of an economic cooperative. In South Sudan the concept of a cooperative is quite unfamiliar and thus the term is difficult to define (see Annex A). Many understand the idea of a Sanduk, which is an informal joint lending scheme, but does not involve a communal enterprise or business. Future iterations of this topic should address the definition of a cooperative and the translation into terms that are familiar. Most XCs are involved in one or more social groups within their communities, most identify their friends as those of the same gender and age, and a majority of male XCs claimed to feel free to speak out in their communities. While most XCs claimed to feel happy, and the majority felt that they are able to make important decisions in their lives, more than half asserted that the community leaders do not listen to their concerns. A further key finding was that most XCs felt that they would be welcomed into the community. ! 63 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 63 ! The coming tracer surveys undertaken after completion of the pilot will by comparing ‘pre’ and ‘post’ intervention data, providing findings that will reveal the impact of the livelihood activities on XCs and their communities, income and savings. As such the findings of this survey provides the starting point for broader level information to NDDRC for use in documenting programme impact in a post-pilot phase. ! 64 64 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Annex A: Survey Recommendations 1. Instrument design • Content: The instrument has been imported from previous research on DDR in locations in which XCs are less likely to be viewed as returning heroes. As such, there are few questions that specifically seek to reveal information about the extent to which these individuals are seen in a positive light, and we recommend that the survey be tailored with this in mind. • Length: A number of the interviews took two hours, attributable both to the length of the instrument (containing many time-consuming open questions, as discussed below), and to a number of sections being overly complex (for instance, Sections J and L). The reliability of the responses is likely to reduce towards the latter stages of such interviews, and we suggest that means are identified to reduce its duration. • Structure: The instrument tends to skip between topics, for instance, focusing on cooperatives in both Sections C and K. This leads to a disjointed questionnaire that perhaps creates a degree of confusion amongst interviewees. Perhaps more importantly, we suggest that more sensitive questions (e.g. those relating to security and personal finances) should be placed towards the end of the instrument. • Demographics: While the Participant ID numbers made it possible to cross-reference the data with demographic information in the Registration Data, we strongly recommend that a limited number of demographic variables (e.g. gender, age, state of origin, etc.) are included in the instrument as a back-up to ensure that it remains possible to cross-correlate data (i.e. make comparisons between these demographic groups) if certain problems are encountered with the Participant ID variable. • Enumerator ID: It is good practice to include an Enumerator ID in the instrument in order to attribute any issues identified with data collection to specific individuals. • Terminology: There are a number of cases of vague / imprecise terminology, which lead to issues in interpreting the findings. Notable examples include the ‘moral support’ response option to QK6 and the word ‘type’ in QK2 and QK3. This also applies to entire questions, e.g. it is unclear if QL9 refers an individual’s ability to express disagreement over sensitive matters of politics and security versus more mundane issues. The concept of ‘cooperatives’ was poorly understood, as revealed by findings between questions on this topic that are illogical. On this basis, in an effort to avoid misleading the reader, most questions on this theme have not been ! 65 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 65 ! included in this report. Efforts should be made to ensure that all questions are precise, and this can be achieved, for instance, by (a) giving examples in brackets within questions, or (b) through introductory text to explain a theme. • Reading Response Options: To ensure consistency in the data it is necessary to provide enumerators with precise instructions within the instrument, for instance, regarding whether or not they should read out each set of response options. In certain cases this is not necessary, as in when the question asks about a respondent’s gender, age or state of origin. In other cases, precise instructions should be provided within the instrument to remind the enumerators to read the options, for instance, when a set of precise pre-coded responses have been decided upon– e.g. on themes such as frequency of contact with family members, housing type, and so on. • Don’t Know/ No Response Options: While instructions are provided at the bottom of the instrument to record ‘don’t know’ as -99 and ‘no response’ as 0, these options appeared rarely in the data when compared to other surveys. It is important to encourage enumerators to use these options, as they commonly provide an indication of whether a specific question has been understood or if it was deemed to be particularly sensitive. • Scaling Response Options: In considering perceptions of safety in QD6 the respondents must select between ‘safe,’ ‘neither safe nor unsafe,’ and ‘unsafe.’ Similarly, when considering their land in QD3 the respondents must choose between ‘secure tenure,’ ‘neither secure nor insecure tenure’, and ‘insecure tenure.’ To ensure greater clarity, with regard to the potentially confusing middle response options in particular, we recommend that a standard four-point scale is applied in all such questions in the instrument. Thus, for instance, in the case of QD6 this should cover ‘very safe,’ ‘somewhat safe,’ ‘somewhat unsafe,’ and ‘very unsafe.’ • Open Questions: Open questions incorporated into quantitative surveys are time-consuming to administer (requiring the enumerators to record longer answers across large samples) and analyse (requiring the complex process of post-coding). They also provide inconsistent value in that considerable nuanced information is inevitably lost between the interview and the delivery of the final results (the responses to QL10.1, for instance, offered very little of substance), and in many cases it proves impossible to meaningfully post-code the data provided. While it is not recommended that all open questions are removed from the instrument, we suggest that their number is limited and that parallel qualitative research (focus groups and interviews) offers an improved means through which to obtain more nuanced data. ! 66 66 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! • Multiple Reponses Options: A number of questions within the instrument would have benefitted from the respondent being able to provide multiple response options. For instance, in responding to the question QE3.1 on why they own no livestock, the interviewees are asked to select between ‘insecurity due to conflict,’ ‘other people occupying the land,’ ‘because of sickness,’ ‘no space for livestock in current area,’ ‘all livestock stolen in raiding,’ ‘cannot afford to buy,’ and ‘other.’ In practice, individuals will often not own livestock for a variety of the above reasons simultaneously, and thus we recommend they should be structured to provide as many responses as are relevant (i.e. as is the case with QK.6). 2. Recommendations regarding IT and programming • Multiple Response Options: The data from the only example of a multiple-response option question in the instrument (QK.6) was missing, and it seems likely that this is attributable to issue with programming in the field. • Skip Patterns: There is repeated evidence in the data of skip instructions failing to work, presumably because of an issue with the programming. For instance, in QH1 respondents are asked if they generate income through any means other than being in the armed forces, and if they respond ‘no’ they should automatically be directed to skip the subsequent question that aims to collect more detail on this additional source of finance. The failure of these skips results in a more time-consuming instrument and the potential for confusion in the responses as the interviewees are asked questions that do not logically follow from their previous answers. 3. Recommendations regarding the research team and fieldwork • Female Enumerators: We strongly recommend that female enumerators are included in the research team. During the fieldwork a number of the female respondents were reluctant to share information on marital status with the male enumerators. This raises ethical issues in placing respondents in an uncomfortable position, and it potentially undermines the reliability of the data. • Enough time testing and piloting: To ensure a smooth-running survey with the best possible instrument and facilitation of the data collection by the enumerators, enough time should be allowed for piloting and testing. The enumeration team should be very familiar with the data entry and instrument before starting the data collection. ! 67 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 67 ! • Finalise programming in time: Further to the above recommendation, only minor edits should be done on the instrument / programme in the pilot phase to minimise confusion and increase the enumeration team’s familiarity with the process. In turn, this requires that the instrument should be adequately designed at the outset. • Clear messages to the respondents: In the ICRS reporting, some comments were made on the lack of focus and movements of the respondents in and out of the TF. A solid brief around the survey is recommended to the largest degree possible ensure focussed participation and a smooth process for all parties. • Sufficient enumerators: 8 enumerators were engaged full-time in the survey, with 3 of the 11 enumerators playing coordination and IT roles and one working as a trainer in the afternoons. • Allocate time for survey participation: The classes for XCs occurred concurrently with the survey. This made some of the XCs either miss classes in order to be surveyed on the scheduled date or vice versa. The enumerators at some points have to spend time waiting to find XCs to survey. We recommend that a proper schedule and information is provided to enable respondents to participate in the survey without missing classes. ! 68 68 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Annex B: Demographic Variables by State 1. Lakes 1.1 Age No. of No. of Age respondents Age Group respondents 40 to 49 26 1 years 47 28 1 50 + years 13 Less than 40 29 1 years 28 30 1 Total 88 31 3 32 33 3 34 3 35 3 36 1 37 5 38 4 39 2 40 7 41 2 42 2 43 4 44 45 3 46 5 47 7 48 8 49 9 50 4 51 2 52 2 53 1 54 55 56 2 57 1 58 1 60 Total 88 ! 69 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 69 ! 1.2 Gender No. of Gender respondents Female Male 88 Total 88 1.3 Origin county/ living county No. of No. of Origin County respondents Living County respondents Abyei County Aweil East County Aweil Centre County Aweil North County Aweil East County Aweil South County Aweil North County Awerial County 1 Aweil South County Cueibet County 10 Gogrial West Aweil West County County Awerial County 9 Gogrial East County Cueibet County 8 Jur River County Gogrial West County Not Selected 7 Gogrial East County Raja County Rumbek Centre Jur River County County 9 Rumbek East Raja County County 16 Rumbek North Rumbek Centre County 9 County 4 Rumbek East County 16 Tonj East County Rumbek North County 4 Tonj North County Tonj East County Tonj South County Tonj North County Twic County Tonj South County 1 Twic East County Twic County Wau County Twic East County Wulu County 6 Wau County Yirol East County 16 Wulu County 6 Yirol West County 19 Yirol East County 16 Total 88 Yirol West County 19 Total 88 ! 70 70 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 1.4 Age when stopped education 1.5 Marital status No. of No. of Age respondents Marital Status respondents No education 62 Divorced 6 1 Inherited partner 3 8 Married - monogamous 23 9 Married - polygamous 51 10 Not Selected 3 11 1 Separated 12 1 Single - never married 8 13 2 Widowed/Widower 14 1 Total 88 15 16 17 2 1.6 Dependent wives 18 4 19 1 No. of dependent No. of 20 1 wives respondents 21 0 10 23 1 22 24 1 2 29 25 1 3 19 26 1 4 7 27 2 5 1 28 2 6 29 3 Total 88 30 2 Total 88 1.7 Children over 18 No. of children No. of over 18 respondents 0 41 1 12 2 12 3 7 4 7 5 5 6 3 7 1 9 18 19 Total 88 ! 71 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 71 ! 1.8 Children under 18 1.9 Family living upon return No. of Total no. of children No. of family living No. of under 18 respondents upon return respondents 0 9 0 6 1 4 1 1 2 8 2 1 3 7 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 15 5 3 6 9 6 3 7 5 7 4 8 5 8 3 9 2 9 12 10 3 10 6 11 2 11 5 12 6 12 4 13 2 13 2 14 2 14 6 15 15 3 16 1 16 4 17 3 17 4 18 18 4 19 1 19 22 20 21 1 22 2 23 2 24 1 26 1 27 1 28 38 42 1 Total 88 ! 72 72 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 1.10 Financial responsibility 1.12 Military rank No. of No. of Household financial responsibility respondents Military rank respondents Self 64 Private 39 Spouse/Partner 1 Corporal 17 Both spouse & self 13 Line Corporal 3 Parents Sergeant 12 All the family 6 Sergeant Major 10 Not Selected 4 Regimental Total 88 Sergeant Major 2 First Lieutenant Major Not Selected 5 1.11 Main decision maker Total 88 No. of Main decision maker respondents Self 70 1.13 Mother tongue Spouse/Partner Both spouse & self 9 No. of Parents 2 Mother tongue respondents All the family 3 Banda Not Selected 4 Belanda Total 88 Beli 2 Bongo 1 Dinka 73 Juba-Arabic Luwo Ndogo Reel 6 Not Selected 6 Other Total 88 ! 73 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 73 ! 2. Northern Bahr el Ghazal 2.1 Age Northern Bahr No. of Age el Ghazal Age Group respondents 26 40 to 49 years 11 28 50 + years 9 Less than 40 29 years 12 30 Total 32 31 1 32 3 33 1 34 1 35 3 36 1 37 2 38 39 40 1 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 2 46 1 47 1 48 1 49 1 50 2 51 2 52 1 53 1 54 55 1 56 1 57 58 1 60 Total 32 ! 74 74 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 2.2 Gender Northern Bahr Gender el Ghazal Female 2 Male 30 Total 32 2.3 Origin county/ living county No. of No. of County respondents County respondents Aweil East Abyei County County 16 Aweil North Aweil Centre County 1 County 2 Aweil South Aweil East County 16 County 13 Aweil North County 2 Awerial County Cueibet Aweil South County 12 County Gogrial West Aweil West County 1 County Gogrial East Awerial County County Jur River Cueibet County County Gogrial West County Not Selected 1 Gogrial East County Raja County Rumbek Jur River County Centre County Rumbek East Raja County County Rumbek North Rumbek Centre County County Tonj East Rumbek East County County Tonj North Rumbek North County County Tonj South Tonj East County County Tonj North County Twic County Twic East Tonj South County County Twic County Wau County Twic East County Wulu County Yirol East Wau County County Yirol West Wulu County County Yirol East County Total 32 Yirol West County Total 32 ! 75 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 75 ! 2.4 Age when stopped education 2.5 Marital status No. of No. of Age respondents Marital Status respondents No education 22 Divorced 6 Inherited partner 1 8 Married - monogamous 6 9 Married - polygamous 18 10 Not Selected 1 11 Separated 12 Single - never married 4 13 Widowed/Widower 2 14 Total 32 15 1 16 1 17 1 2.6 Dependent wives 18 19 No. of 20 No. of dependent respond 21 wives ents 23 0 8 24 1 6 25 1 2 13 26 3 4 27 4 1 28 1 5 29 1 6 30 4 Total 32 Total 32 2.7 Children over 18 No. of children No. of over 18 respondents 0 19 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 5 1 6 1 7 9 18 19 Total 32 ! 76 76 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 2.8 Children under 18 2.9 Family living upon return No. of Total no. of children No. of family living No. of under 18 respondents upon return respondents 0 6 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 4 3 4 5 5 5 2 6 6 1 7 4 7 3 8 4 8 2 9 9 1 10 2 10 1 11 11 3 12 3 12 1 13 1 13 3 14 14 3 15 1 15 1 16 16 1 17 17 18 18 1 19 19 1 22 1 20 Total 32 21 2 22 23 24 1 26 1 27 28 38 42 Total 32 ! 77 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 77 ! 2.10 Financial responsibility 2.12 Military rank Household financial No. of No. of responsibility respondents Military rank respondents Self 23 Private 10 Spouse/Partner Corporal 10 Both spouse & self 7 Line Corporal 1 Parents Sergeant 7 All the family 1 Sergeant Major 3 Not Selected 1 Regimental Total 32 Sergeant Major First Lieutenant Major Not Selected 1 2.11 Main decision maker Total 32 No. of Main decision maker respondents Self 29 2.13 Mother tongue Spouse/Partner Both spouse & self No. of Parents 2 Mother tongue respondents All the family Banda Not Selected 1 Belanda Total 32 Beli Bongo Dinka 31 Juba-Arabic Luwo Ndogo Reel Not Selected 1 Other Total 32 ! 78 78 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3. Warrap 3.1 Age No. of No. of Age respondents Age Group respondents 40 to 49 26 1 years 25 28 50 + years 16 Less than 40 29 years 24 30 Total 65 31 32 3 33 1 34 2 35 6 36 1 37 3 38 2 39 5 40 4 41 1 42 2 43 3 44 4 45 6 46 2 47 1 48 1 49 1 50 5 51 52 53 3 54 55 3 56 57 3 58 1 60 1 Total 65 ! Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 79 ! 3.2 Gender No. of Gender respondents Female 3 Male 62 Total 65 3.3 Origin county No. of No. of Origin County respondents Living County respondents Abyei County 6 Aweil East County Aweil Centre County Aweil North County Aweil East County Aweil South County Aweil North County Awerial County Aweil South County Cueibet County Aweil West County Gogrial West County 2 Awerial County Gogrial East County 5 Cueibet County Jur River County Gogrial West County 2 Not Selected 7 Gogrial East County 5 Raja County Jur River County Rumbek Centre County Raja County Rumbek East County Rumbek Centre County Rumbek North County Rumbek East County Tonj East County 16 Rumbek North County Tonj North County 16 Tonj East County 16 Tonj South County 5 Tonj North County 16 Twic County 14 Tonj South County 5 Twic East County Twic County 15 Wau County Twic East County Wulu County Wau County Yirol East County Wulu County Yirol West County Yirol East County Total 65 Yirol West County Total 65 ! 80 80 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.4 Age when stopped education 3.5 Marital status No. of No. of Age respondents Marital Status respondents No education 34 Divorced 3 6 1 Inherited partner 8 Married - monogamous 16 9 2 Married - polygamous 37 10 Not Selected 2 11 3 Separated 3 12 Single - never married 1 13 2 Widowed/Widower 3 14 Total 65 15 3 16 1 17 2 3.6 Dependent wives 18 1 19 No. of dependent No. of 20 4 wives respondents 21 2 0 12 23 4 1 13 24 2 2 27 25 3 10 26 1 4 2 27 5 28 6 1 29 Total 65 30 3 Total 65 3.7 Children over 18 No. of children No. of over 18 respondents 0 28 1 7 2 10 3 11 4 5 2 6 4 7 1 9 1 18 19 1 Total 65 ! 81 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 81 ! 3.8 Children under 18 3.9 Family living upon return No. of Total no. of children No. of family living No. of under 18 respondents upon return respondents 0 5 0 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 3 4 5 4 1 5 9 5 3 6 4 6 1 7 11 7 1 8 3 8 4 9 8 9 8 10 1 10 8 11 1 11 4 12 1 12 4 13 13 2 14 14 7 15 3 15 4 16 1 16 4 17 2 17 1 18 1 18 1 19 19 1 22 20 1 Total 65 21 1 22 1 23 24 1 26 1 27 28 1 38 2 42 Total 65 ! 82 82 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 3.10 Financial responsibility 3.12 Military rank No. of No. of Household financial responsibility respondents Military rank respondents Self 42 Private 20 Spouse/Partner 5 Corporal 14 Both spouse & self 8 Line Corporal 4 Parents 2 Sergeant 15 All the family 4 Sergeant Major 7 Not Selected 4 Regimental Total 65 Sergeant Major First Lieutenant Major Not Selected 5 3.11 Main decision maker Total 65 No. of Main decision maker respondents Self 47 3.13 Mother tongue Spouse/Partner 2 Both spouse & self 4 No. of Parents 4 Mother tongue respondents All the family 4 Banda Not Selected 4 Belanda Total 65 Beli Bongo Dinka 61 Juba-Arabic Luwo Ndogo Reel Not Selected 4 Other Total 65 ! 83 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 83 ! 4. Western Bahr el Ghazal 4.1 Age No. of Age respondents Age Group No. of respondents 26 40 to 49 years 40 28 1 50 + years 19 29 Less than 40 years 21 30 2 Total 80 31 1 32 3 33 34 2 35 3 36 1 37 3 38 3 39 2 40 6 41 4 42 4 43 4 44 45 11 46 2 47 7 48 1 49 1 50 2 51 2 52 6 53 1 54 3 55 4 56 1 57 58 60 Total 80 ! 84 84 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 4.2 Gender No. of Gender respondents Female 12 Male 68 Total 80 4.3 Origin county No. of County respondents Abyei County Aweil Centre County Aweil East County Aweil North County Aweil South County Aweil West County Awerial County Cueibet County Gogrial West County 1 Gogrial East County 1 Jur River County 48 Raja County 8 Rumbek Centre County Rumbek East County Rumbek North County Tonj East County Tonj North County 1 Tonj South County Twic County Twic East County Wau County 19 Wulu County Yirol East County 1 Yirol West County Total 80 ! Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 85 ! 4.4 Living county No. of County respondents Aweil East County Aweil North County Aweil South County Awerial County Cueibet County Gogrial West County Gogrial East County Jur River County 5 Not Selected 44 Raja County 8 Rumbek Centre County Rumbek East County Rumbek North County Tonj East County Tonj North County Tonj South County Twic County Twic East County Wau County 23 Wulu County Yirol East County Yirol West County Total 80 ! 86 86 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 4.5 Age when stopped education 4.6 Marital status No. of No. of Age respondents Marital Status respondents No education 49 Divorced 1 6 1 Inherited partner 1 8 1 Married - monogamous 32 9 Married - polygamous 36 10 1 Not Selected 3 11 Separated 12 4 Single - never married 1 13 1 Widowed/Widower 6 14 1 Total 80 15 2 16 2 17 4 4.7 Dependent wives 18 3 19 No. of dependent No. of 20 wives respondents 21 0 16 23 1 30 24 2 25 25 1 3 8 26 1 4 1 27 2 5 28 2 6 29 Total 80 30 5 Total 80 4.8 Children over 18 No. of children No. of over 18 respondents 0 33 1 19 2 11 3 5 4 3 5 5 6 1 7 1 9 18 2 19 Total 80 ! 87 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 87 ! 4.9 Children under 18 4.10 Family living upon return No. of Total no. of children No. of family living No. of under 18 respondents upon return respondents 0 5 0 4 1 1 1 2 13 2 1 3 17 3 2 4 12 4 5 5 7 5 8 6 5 6 7 7 4 7 8 8 5 8 9 4 9 7 10 2 10 9 11 3 11 3 12 12 7 13 13 5 14 14 4 15 1 15 2 16 1 16 1 17 17 1 18 18 19 19 22 20 4 Total 80 21 1 22 1 23 24 26 27 28 38 42 Total 80 ! 88 88 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! 4.11 Financial responsibility 4.13 Military rank Household financial No. of No. of responsibility respondents Military rank respondents Self 58 Private 50 Spouse/Partner 3 Corporal 11 Both spouse & self 9 Line Corporal 2 Parents 1 Sergeant 8 All the family 4 Sergeant Major 2 Not Selected 5 Regimental Total 80 Sergeant Major 2 First Lieutenant 1 Major 1 Not Selected 3 4.12 Main decision maker Total 80 No. of Main decision maker respondents Self 52 4.14 Mother tongue Spouse/Partner 3 Both spouse & self 12 No. of Parents Mother tongue respondents All the family 8 Banda 1 Not Selected 5 Belanda 15 Total 80 Beli Bongo Dinka 18 Juba-Arabic 2 Luwo 34 Ndogo 1 Reel Not Selected 4 Other 5 Total 80 ! 89 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 89 ! Annex C: XC Baseline Survey Instrument South Sudan Pilot DDR Baseline Survey For Programming HELLO SIR/MADAM, MY NAME IS SURVEYOR NAME AND I AM WORKING ON BEHALF OF THE NDDRC. WE ARE CONDUCTING A SURVEY FOR THE BASELINE STUDIES.THE INFORMATION COLLECTED IN THIS SURVEY IS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL. THIS INFORMATION WILL ENABLE US TO BETTER UNDERSTAND YOUR SITUATION TO FIND THE RIGHT SOLUTIONS TO HELP YOU. CAN WE START THIS SURVEY? A. RESPONDENT’S DETAILS A.1 Questionnaire No PUT IN Survey Date DATE WRITE IN DDR Number NUMBER WRITE IN Name of Respondent NAME Is there electrical power available CIRCLE A.2 1 Yes 2 No to you in your village? RESPONSE CIRCLE A.3 Do you own a mobile phone? 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE WRITE IN State County Payam Boma A.4 Village of reintegration DETAILS B. RELATIONSHIP AND MARITAL STATUS 6 Widowed 1 Married 7 Single child - monogamous never married WRITE What is your 2 Married 8 Single adult - NUMBER B.1 current marital polygamous never married (SELECT status 3 Living together 9. Inherited partner ONE) 4 Divorced 10 In a forced 5 Separated relationship If divorced/separated, did the divorce/separation have CIRCLE 1 ! B.1.2.1 B.1.2 anything to do with you having been an ex-combatant or RESPONS 1 Yes 2 No 2 ! C.1 member of armed force? E B.1.2. If yes, Explain EXPLAIN Go to C.1 1 why? C. EDUCATION, SKILLS and VOCATIONAL TRAINING C.1.1 First Choice What vocational training are your preferred choices in the C.1.2 Second C.1 EXPLAIN transition facility (list top three Choice areas)? C.1.3 Third Choice CIRCLE Are you currently being trained C.2 RESPONS 1 Yes 2 No in your first choice? E To work in the job you C.3 EXPLAIN C.3.1 First Choice answered above is there any ! 90 90 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! material assistance (non-cash) C.3.2 Second that would help you be Choice successful? C.3.3 Third Choice CIR CLE Are you interested in being helped to work together in a 1 ! C.4.1 C.4 RES 1 Yes 2 No cooperative? 2 ! D.1 PON SE In what kind of cooperative C.4.1 EXPLAIN would you like to participate? D. HOUSING and PERSONAL PERCEPTION of SECURITY 1 Thatch roof/mud 5 Apartment What type of housing will you CIRCLE walls 6 Grass side house D.1 return to when you leave the RESPONS 2 Mud/daub & wattle 8 ! D.1.1 7 Tent transitional facility? E 3 Iron sheeting 8 Other 4. Permanent House WRITE D.1.1 If Other, please specify TEXT 1 I own it 5 My 2 relatives/family 8 Government Who owns the housing CIRCLE 10 Spouse/partner I don’t live with 9 Group D.2 structure you are currently RESPONS 3 Joint owners 6 Non-family ownership ! D.2.1 living in? E 4 Family I live member 10 Other with 7 My friend D.2.1 If Other, please specify How secure is the tenure of the CIRCLE 1 Secure tenure D.3 land that your housing is RESPONS 2 Neither secure/unsecure currently built on? E 3 Insecure tenure Is the tenure of your land the CIRCLE 1 More secure tenure same as people living next to D.4 RESPONS 2 Same tenure you, or is it more or less E 3 Less secure tenure secure? CIRCLE How do you rate your living situation compared to that D.5 RESPONS 1 Better 2 Same 3 Worse of the people living next to you? E CIRCLE 1 Safe D.6 How safe do you feel now in the area where you live? RESPONS 2 Neither safe nor unsafe E 3 Unsafe If you and someone else in the area you live were to 1 Definitely Yes CIRCLE have a serious argument, would you be able to resolve 2 Maybe Yes D.7 RESPONS the disagreement without resorting to physical 3 Maybe No E violence? 4 Definitely No CIRCLE 1 Likely What is the likelihood that conflict (on the scale of the D.8 RESPONS 2 Neither likely/unlikely war) will resume in South Sudan again? E 3 Unlikely Where you are going to live, how often you think there 1. 3 Seldom will be conflict between ex-combatants/ex-members of Always 4. Never CIRCLE D.9 armed forces and civilians, which is caused by RESPONSE 2. Often differences between ex-combatants/ex-members of armed forces and civilians? E. LAND, LIVESTOCK, FOOD SECURITY 1 More land 1! E.1.1 2 Same as before 2! E.2 Do you have more or less arable land for planting and CIRCLE E.1 3 Less land harvesting than 2 years ago? RESPONSE 3! E.1.2 4. I have not owned land during this time 4! E.2 If more land, Explain E.1.1 EXPLAIN GO TO E.2 why? ! 91 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 91 ! If less land, Explain E.1.2 EXPLAIN GO TO E.2 why? CIRCLE E.2 Do you sell some of the produce grown on this land? RESPONS 1 Yes 2 No E Does your household have any IGNORE POULTRY - CIRCLE 1! E.4 E.3 1 Yes 2 No livestock (excluding poultry)? RESPONSE 2! E.3.1 4 No space for livestock in 1 Insecurity due to conflict If you have current area CIRCLE 2 Other people occupying E.3.1 none, why 5 All livestock stolen in raiding RESPONSE the land 7! E.3.1.1 not? 6 Cannot afford to buy 3 Because of sickness 7 Other E.3.1.1 If Other, please specify WRITE Overall, how has your livestock 1 Increased E.4 changed in quantity over the past two CIRCLE RESPONSE 2 Stayed the same years? 3 Decreased E.5 Do you fish to feed your household CIRCLE RESPONSE 1 Yes 2 No E.6 Do you sell some of the fish you catch? CIRCLE RESPONSE 1 Yes 2 No Do people in your house sometimes go hungry? CIRCLE 3 1 Always E.7 RESPONS Seldom 2 Often E 4 Never How often do you, or anyone in your household, ever CIRCLE 3 1 Always E.8 queue to collect free food/receive charitable food RESPONS Seldom 2 Often parcels? E 4 Never CIRCLE 3 How often do you, or anyone in your household, ‘ask 1 Always E.9 RESPONS Seldom others for food? 2 Often E 4 Never CIRCLE 3 Has anyone in your household been forced to look for 1 Always E.10 RESPONS Seldom food in the street 2 Often E 4 Never CIRCLE 1 Improved Has nutrition or nourishment for your family improved, E.11 RESPONS 2 Unchanged stayed the same or got worse during the past 1 year? E 3 Worse F. REINTEGRATION EXPERIENCES IN GENERAL CIRCLE F.1.1 Violence/Insecurity - Community unsafe 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE CIRCLE F.1.2 Conflict/arguments with others in your community 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE CIRCLE F.1. F.1.3 Lack of Family/Friends 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE Now, at demobilizati Land and housing issues (i.e. no land or housing, CIRCLE F.1.4 1 Yes 2 No on are you or money for rental) RESPONSE negatively Ability to sustain yourself (i.e. to feed yourself, to CIRCLE affected by F.1.5 provide a sustainable livelihood for yourself & 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE any of the household) following? CIRCLE F.1.6 Lack of education (for your children) 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE CIRCLE F.1.7 Lack of education (for you) 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE Having to perform work that you were not used CIRCLE 1 Yes 2 No F.1.8 to/did not want to perform RESPONSE ! 92 92 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Bad memories associated with the war CIRCLE F.1.9 1 Yes 2 No (Psychological Triggers) RESPONSE F.1.1 CIRCLE Feeling watched by the government 1 Yes 2 No 0 RESPONSE G. EXPERIENCE with FAMILY 1 Welcoming How do you feel your family will welcome you CIRCLE 2 Neither G.1 when you return from this transitional facility? RESPONSE welcoming/unwelcoming 3 Unwelcoming Will your community be accepting of you when CIRCLE 1 Yes totally 2 Yes partly G.2 you return? RESPONSE 3 No When you return to the area you live in after CIRCLE 1 More difficult for me G.3 resettlement, will life be more or less difficult for 2 SAME AS FOR OTHERS RESPONSE you, or the same as for others in the community? 3 Less difficult for me Do you feel that people are scared of you because CIRCLE G.4 you are an ex-combatant/ex-member of armed 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE forces? Do you feel that people treat you with more respect than non-armed service people because CIRCLE G.5 1 Yes 2 No you are an ex-combatant/ex-member of armed RESPONSE forces? Do you believe that people will be hostile (including jealousy) to you because you have CIRCLE G.6 1 Yes 2 No received training/reintegration assistance and RESPONSE salary? How often do you have contact with your former CIRCLE 1 Always 3 Seldom G.7 commander or senior personnel in your military RESPONSE 2 Often 4 Never unit? How often do you get financial income generating CIRCLE 1 Always 3 Seldom G.8 opportunities from your former commander or RESPONSE 2 Often 4 Never senior personnel in your military unit? H. ECONOMIC ISSUES Currently, as well as working in the military/armed forces do you CIRCLE 1! H.1.1 H.1 1 Yes 2 No generate income in any other way? RESPONSE 2! H.2 H.1.1 If yes, please EXPLAIN EXPLAIN Did you return back to your pre-war/pre-conflict CIRCLE H.2 1 Yes 2 No employment or type of work? RESPONSE There are job opportunities in other parts of South Sudan 1 ! H.3.1 CIRCLE H.3 or outside South Sudan, have you ever considered 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE 2 ! H.3.2 moving or migration to get a better job? If yes, Explain H.3.1 EXPLAIN why? If no, Explain why H.3.2 EXPLAIN not? Do you think ex-combatants/ex-members of armed forces CIRCLE 1! H.4.1 H.4 1 Yes 2 No find it harder than other non-ex-combatants to get a job? RESPONSE 2! H.5 If yes, what is the H.4.1 main reason? EXPLAIN (MAIN REASON) ! 93 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 93 ! Do you see your economic situation improving in CIRCLE 1 ! H.5.1 H.5 1 Yes 2 No the near future? RESPONSE 2 ! H.5.2 If yes, the main reason would be H.5.1 EXPLAIN (as in F.8)? (ONLY MAIN REASON) If no, the main reason would be H.5.2 EXPLAIN (as in F.8)? (ONLY MAIN REASON) J. INCOME, SAVINGS and ACCESS to CREDIT Are you the sole (only) breadwinner or do CIRCLE 1 Sole 1! J.3 J.1 others in your household also earn an income? RESPONSE 2 Others assist 2! J.2 What percentage of the household income do you ENUMERATOR TO earn (include any money transferred by family J.2 WORK OUT % received into total income)? USE PROMPT SHEET, IF PERCENTAGE REQUIRED. At the end of each 1 Usually have money left over 1! J.5 CIRCLE 4 Rely on family money 2! J.6 month, do you meet 2 Usually break-even J.3 RESPON transfers your household 3 Usually have to use past 3, 4, 5 ! J.4 SE 5 Usually have to borrow expenses? savings ENUMERATOR TO If you have a shortage, by what percentage of your J.4 WORK OUT % income are you short? USE PROMPT SHEET, IF REQUIRED. PERCENTAGE If you have a surplus, what percentage of your ENUMERATOR TO J.5 income is remaining? WORK OUT % USE PROMPT SHEET, IF REQUIRED. PERCENTAGE Have you ever applied for micro-credit from a 1 ! J.7 J.6 CIRCLE RESPONSE 1 Yes 2 No financial institution? 2 ! K.1 J.7 Was/were any of your application/s successful? CIRCLE RESPONSE 1 Yes 2 No K. ECONOMIC COOPERATIVES 1 Yes, have been a member previously- but Have you ever been a not now 1 ! K.2 CIRCLE K.1 member of an Economic 2 Yes, am currently a member now 2 ! K.3 RESPONSE Cooperative? 3 No, have never been a member of an 3 ! L.1 economic cooperative What type of Cooperative K.2 EXPLAIN was this? What type of Cooperative K.3 are you currently a member EXPLAIN of? 3 Mix of both ex- 1 Only ex-combatants combatants& Who are the members that CIRCLE K.4 2 Mix but mostly ex- non-ex- comprise this Cooperative? RESPONSE combatants combatantperson s CIRCLE K.5 Do you have a bank account for this economic cooperative? 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE What benefits do you get 11 Accounting 1 None 7 Fast decisions from the Cooperative that support 2 Social networking making you would not have if worked 12 Management 3 Economic 8 Shared or pooled 14! K.6.1 alone? ALLOW RESPONDENT TO support K.6 networking resources GIVE ANSWER, THEN FIT IT TO THE 13 Marketing 4 Moral support 9 Supply of input LIST. DON’T READ OUT LIST. support 5 Financial support products/produce CIRCLE RESPONSES (MORE THAN 6 Skills training 10 Legal support ONE ANSWER IS ACCEPTABLE) 14 Other K.6.1 If Other, please specify ! 94 94 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Do you collaborate with anyone (informally) on an CIRCLE K.7 1 Yes 2 No 1! K.7.1 economic activity? RESPONSE What type of collaboration K.7.1 EXPLAIN and activity is this? L. SOCIAL CAPITAL Networks How many social groups do you belong to (for L.1 NUMBER example, sport, games, dancing, cultural)? Are you on a management committee or organizing CIRCLE L.2 1 Yes 2 No committee for any local group or organization? RESPONSE Do you have contact with your CIRCLE 1! L.3.1 L.3 1 Yes 2 No immediate family these days? RESPONSE 2! L.5 1 Daily 4 Half yearly 7 CIRCLE 2 Weekly 5 Once a year Never L.3.1 If your response is yes, how often? 8! L.3.1.1 RESPONSE 3 Monthly 6 8 Other Occasionally L.3.1 If Other, please specify .1 Is the current level of contact the CIRCLE 1 Maximum L.4 maximum you wish or could it be RESPONSE 2 Could be more frequent more frequent? In terms of friends, would you say 1 Lots of friends L.5 CIRCLE that you have ! 2 A few, but good friends RESPONSE 3 Not many friends L.6. Thinking L.6.1 Of the same age? about your friend, are L.6.2 Of the same gender? 1 Most most of them Ex-combatants/ex-armed L.6.3 2 Some ... force such as you? 3 Few 4 None ENTER Of the same educational L.6.4 RESPONSE background or level? CODE 1 No-one 2 Family 7 Religious institutions 3 Friend that are not 8 Formal bank If you encounter an CIRCLE ex—combatants/armed 9 Sanduk 12! L.7.1 L.7 economic problem, RESPONSE force 10 Micro-lending whom would you first / ADD NEW 4 Friends that are ex- structures turn to for help? CATEGORY combatants/armed 11. Cooperative force 12. Other 5 Both 3 & 4 above 6 Community leaders If Other, please L.7.1 specify L.8.1 Your elders or tribal authority 1 Yes 2 No L.8.2 Men who are your peers 1 Yes 2 No L.8.3 Women who are your peers 1 Yes 2 No L.8. Indicate whether you L.8.4 People you work with on income generating 1 Yes 2 No would trust activities the listed L.8.5 Employers 1 Yes 2 No category of L.8.6 Young adults and teenage children 1 Yes 2 No people? L.8.7 Elected community leaders 1 Yes 2 No CIRCLE L.8.8 Government employees in the security RESPONSE ministries such as police, military or other 1 Yes 2 No armed forces L.8.9 Government officials in the social welfare, 1 Yes 2 No education and health services ! 95 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 95 ! L.8.10 Private sector entrepreneurs, businesses or 1 Yes 2 No shops CIRC If you disagree with what everyone else in LE 1 No, not at all L.9 your area agreed on, would you feel free to RESP 2 Yes, definitely speak out? ONS 3 Yes, but only on certain matters E 1 Better IF 1! L.10.1 In the past year, has the level of trust in your area got better, L.10 CIRCLE RESPONSE 2 Same IF 2! L.11 worse, or stayed about the same? 3 Worse IF 3! L.10.2 EXPLAIN MAIN L.10.1 Why has it got better? GO TO L.15 REASON EXPLAIN ON MAIN L.10.2 Why has it got worse? REASON L.11 Are you open about your past CIRCLE The following questions ask about L.11.1 1 Yes 2 No and your role in conflict? RESPONSE what happened when you told Do others treat you differently CIRCLE someone about your past in the L.11.2 1 Yes 2 No because of your past? RESPONSE military or armed forces. Try to answer them as honestly as Are there some people you CIRCLE L.11.3 1 Yes 2 No possible. regret telling about your past? RESPONSE Collective Action and Cooperation In the past year, have you worked with others in the place CIRCLE L.12 where you live to do something for the benefit of the 1 Yes 2 No RESPONSE community? Empowerment 1 Happy In general, how happy or unhappy do you consider CIRCLE L.13 2 Neither happy/unhappy yourself to be? RESPONSE 3 Unhappy To what extent do you feel that you have the power 1 Large extent CIRCLE L.14 to make important decisions that can change the 2 Medium extent RESPONSE course of your life? 3 Small extent Do you feel that you have the ability to make 1 Able to change life L.15 CIRCLE important decisions that can change the course of 2 Neither able nor unable RESPONSE your life? 3 Unable to change life 1 Positive impact L.16 Do you personally have a positive or negative CIRCLE 2 Neither positive/negative impact on the place you live? RESPONSE impact 3 Negative impact In the past year, how often have you joined other 1 Never L.17 people to express concerns to Government CIRCLE 2 Once officials or local leaders on issues benefiting the RESPONSE 3 A few times (5 or less) community? 4 Many times (more than 5) To what extent do local government and local 1 A lot leaders take into account concerns voiced by your CIRCLE L.18 2 A little community when they make decisions that affect RESPONSE 3 Not at all you? Social Change L.19 On which step are you today in relation L.19.1 Step no: !! Consider a 9- to FOOD? step ladder On which step were you one year ago in L.19.2 Step no: !! where on the PROMPT relation to FOOD? bottom, the first CARD On which step are you today in relation L.19.3 Step no: !! step, stand the to HOUSING? poorest people, On which step were you one year ago in and on the ninth L.19.4 Step no: !! relation to HOUSING? ! 96 96 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! step, stand the On which step are you today in relation L.19.5 Step no: !! richest. to CLOTHING? On which step were you one year ago in L.19.6 Step no: !! relation to CLOTHING? On which step are you today in relation L.19.7 Step no: !! to FINANCES? On which step were you one year ago in L.19.8 Step no: !! relation to FINANCES? On which step are you today in relation L.19.9 to your HEALTH? Step no: !! On which step were you one year ago in L.19.20 relation to your HEALTH? Step no: !! 4 No, it will 1 Yes, improve in some weeks Do you think your overall remain the CIRCLE 2 Yes, improve in some months L.20 situation will improve in the same RESPONSE 3 Yes, hopefully improve in a future? 5 No, it will few years deteriorate 1 Are you satisfied or dissatisfied CIRCLE Sati 2 Neither 3 L.21 are you with the way your life RESPONSE sfie satisfied/dissatisfied Dissatisfied has been to date? d ! 97 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 97 ! Annex D: Registration Data Captured by ICRS Database A. XC Personal Information– asked at Registration Data Response/Options SCREEN 1: Personal Information A1 DDR Participant ID A2 Profile ID Blank in pilot (note: field relevant for future tranches) A3 First Name A4 Middle Name(s) A5 Last Name A6 National Organized Services Discharge Certificate Number A7 National Organized Services Discharge certificate date A8 DDR Registration Place Mapel (note: field relevant for future tranches) A9 DDR Registration Date A10 National Organized Services ID (NOS ID #) A11 Nationality Card # A12 Gender Select one: Male Female A13 Year of Birth A14 Age (Note: Calculated from year by system if year entered above) A15 Mother’s Name A16 State of Origin Select one: Not Selected Upper Nile State Jonglei State Unity State Warrap State Northern Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr El Ghazal State Lakes State Western Equatoria State Central Equatoria State Eastern Equatoria State A17 County of Origin Select one: from COUNTY list A18 Payam of Origin Select one: from PAYAM list A19 Boma A20 Where do you live now (before coming to the Transitional Facility) Select one: “Place currently live” Place of origin Other A21 (If now in a different location A20) Select one: Pre Demobilisation, Current State from STATE list A22 (If now in a different location – A 20) Select one: Pre Demobilisation, Current County From COUNTY list A23 (If now in a different location – A 20) Select one: Pre Demobilisation Current Payam from PAYAM list A24 Boma Biometrics A25 Fingerprint Image A26 Face Photo Image ! 98 98 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! SCREEN TWO: Contact Details A27 Option to enter contact details for self and multiple other contacts Contact Type Select one: Husband Wife Grandfather Grandmother Father Mother Father-in-law Mother-in-law Uncle Aunt Brother Sister Cousin Son Daughter Area Chief Other (please specify) Contact Name Contact Phone # Contact Email Other method of Contact A28 Preferred method of contact Choose from list of the above options B. Military Information– asked at Registration Data Response Options Screen 1: Military Information B1 National Organized Force Select one: Not Selected SPLA Police Wildlife Brigade Fire Brigade Prison Services B2 Assembly Area Select one: Not Selected Ayod (assembled in Pariak) Bentiu Gogrial, East Gogrial, West Juba/GHQs Kapoeta KorFlus Nimule Pachalla/Boma Panyagor Pariak (main Jonglei area) Pibor Rumbek Tonj Twic/Abyei Wau/Raja Wunyiik Yei Incl WES Yirol B3 Military Unit (Division) Select one: Not Selected Division 1 ! 99 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 99 ! Division 2 Division 3 Division 4 Division 5 Division 6 Division 7 Division 8 Mechanized Division HQ Division B4 Battalion B5 Brigade B6 Military Rank Select one: Private Corporal Sergeant Sergeant Major Regimental Sergeant Major Second Lieutenant First Lieutenant Captain Major Lieutenant Colonel B7 Year joined Armed group B8 Date of enrollment in NOF B9 Last Year of Active Service B10 Currently military Monthly Income B11 Primary Activities in Organized Force outside of fighting Select all that apply: Not Selected Patrol Driver Mechanic Logistics Construction Engineer Cook Doctor IT Communications Leading a force Other (Please specify) B12 Have you received non-combat training in the military? If yes, what? Screen 2: DDR Information & Sensitization B15 Information received on DDR Programme before TF? Select one: Yes No B16 If yes to B18: Amount of Information received Select one: Right amount of information Too little Too much B17 Consistency of information Select one: Not Selected Received same information from different sources Received different information from different sources Don’t know B18 If yes to B18: Helpfulness of Information Select one: Yes, very helpful Yes, somehow helpful ! 100 100 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Not helpful Not at all helpful B19 If yes to B 18: Most helpful type of information Select all that apply: Not Selected Radio TV Flyers/booklets through commanders through NDDRC and partners (UNMISS, UNESCO, etc.) Comic Book C. XC Family Information– asked at Registration Data Response Options Screen 1: Family Information C1 Marital Status ( select that apply) Select all that apply: Married - monogamous Married - polygamous Inherited partner Divorced Separated Widowed/Widower Single- never married C2 If male and answered polygamous above: How many wives are staying with you? C3 Total number of Children aged 18 or above? C4 How many dependant children aged under 18? C5 Currently Living in same household/ in same hut with? Select all that apply: Alone With wife(s) / husband With inherited partner With other relatives With friends With Children With Uniformed personnel (note – if “alone” selected other options not allowed) C6 How many of your children living with you contribute financially to the household most months? C7 How many of your children living elsewhere contribute financially to the household most months? C8 Are any of your immediate family members in the national organized Select all that apply: forces? If yes, which branch? No Yes – in the SPLA Yes – in the Police Yes – in Wildlife Yes – in the Civil Defence (Fire Brigades) Yes – in Correctional Services (Prisons) Screen 2: Family Location C9 If not living with your family (wife and children) where are they staying?3 UP TO 10 Sets of the following questions to Family Stays State account for multiple families. Select from STATE list C10 If not living with your family (wife and children) where are they staying? Select from COUNTY list Family Stays County C11 If not living with your family (wife and children) where are they staying? Select from PAYAM list !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! 101 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 101 ! Family Stays Payam C12 If not living with your family (wife and children) where are they staying? Family Stays Boma C13 If not living with your family (wife and children) in South Sudan, which Select from COUNTRY list country (ies) are they staying? Screen 3: Next of Kin C14 Next of Kin Name C15 Next of Kin Relationship Select one: Husband Wife Grandfather Grandmother Father Mother Father-in-law Mother-in-law Uncle Aunt Brother Sister Cousin Son Daughter Area Chief Other (please specify) C16 Next of Kin Year of Birth C17 Next of Kin Address C18 Next of Kin Phone Number (multiple #s allowed) C19 Next of Kin’s area chief Screen 4: Family Returning C20 Total Number of family members who will live with you when you return C21 Individuals in Return Household Adult Men Options: 1-20 C22 Individuals in Return Household Adult Women Options: 1-20 C23 Individuals in Return Household Children 0-5 Options: 1-20 C24 Individuals in Return Household Children 6-17 Options: 1-20 C25 Select all that apply: Self Spouse/partner Both spouse & self Parents Who provides food for the household? Children Other family members Outside help All the family Other C26 Select one: self spouse/partner Who will be the main decision maker in the household to which you will both spouse & self return? parents all the family other D. Language and Education Information Data Response Options ! 102 102 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Screen 1: Language Information D1 Mother Tongue Select one: from LANGUAGE listiv D2 What other language(s) do you speak well enough to have a conversation in it Select all that apply: (them)? from LANGUAGE listiv D3 Can you read and/or write single words in any language? Select one: No Read only Write Only Read and Write D4 Can you read and/or write full sentences? Select one: No Read only Write Only Read and Write D5 If yes to D4, in which languages can you read and/or write full sentences? Select all that apply LANGUAGE from LANGUAGE listiv Note: Don’t ask each one, just ask and the researcher selects as they respond D6 If yes to D4, in which languages can you read and/or write full sentences? Select one: READ/WRITE/BOTH No Read only Write Only Read and Write Screen 2: Numeracy D7 I use numbers (choose one) never, sometimes, everyday Select one: Never Sometimes everyday D8 I can be able to identify and name numbers for example those on the phone ) Select one: Yes No D9 I know how to write numbers (give options ) Yes or No for each: 1. 1-10, • 1-10, 2. 11-100, • 11-100, 3. 1001 and above • 1001 and above D10 I can be able to use numbers to make simple calculations Select one: (for example add, subtract) Yes No D11 I can be able to do simple accounting with a calculator or manually Select one: (for example make a budget etc) Yes No Screen 3: Education D12 Highest Level of Formal Education Select all that apply: None Islamic / Religious Some Primary Completed Primary Some Secondary Complete Secondary Some Higher Education Completed Higher Education Some formal technical / vocational Technical / vocational diploma Some Informal technical / vocational D13 (if more than none) Age when stopped education? Select age: 0-30 D14 Would you wish to pursue additional education? If yes, what kind? ! 103 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 103 ! E. Medical & Psychosocial Information Screen 1: Medical E1 Any physical disabilities? Select one: Yes No E2 If Yes to E1, type of disability4 Select all that apply: (specify the type of disability) Loss of, or use of, one arm Loss of, or use of, both arms Loss of, or use of, one leg Loss of, or use of, both legs Partially sighted Completely blind Partially deaf Completely deaf Shrapnel impairing use of body part(s) (please specify) Other (please specify) E3 Do you have prosthesis? Select one: Yes No E4 Are they in need of prosthesis? Select one: Yes No E5 Treated in a Hospital or Health Center for any illnesses in the past 5 years? Select one: Yes No E6 If yes to the above: For what illness Select all that apply: See list Or other, please specify Screen 2: Psychosocial E7 Have you been suffering from any problems from past 4 weeks ? What Select all that apply: problems? Cough Flu (Q: I would like you to think back over the past four weeks and tell me, if you Malaria have been suffering from any of these problems”) Diarrhea Headache Stomach Pain Fever/shivering (other than e.g. malaria) Skin rash Other pain Other somatic complaint (please specify) E8 Do you have any chronic illness / diseases (persistent, long-lasting diseases)? Select one: Yes No E9 If yes to the above: What illness/diseases Select all that apply: Cough Flu Malaria Diarrhea Headache Stomach Pain Fever/shivering (other than e.g. malaria) Skin rash Other pain Other somatic complaint (please specify) E10 How many times did you consume alcohol during the last 4 weeks? Select one: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! 104 104 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Never (0 times during last month) Sometimes (2-4 times during last month) Frequently (5-16 times during last month) Almost every day during the last month E11 During the last 4 weeks did you experience any of the following problems? Select all that apply: Social problems when interacting with others Frequent nightmares or other upsetting memories about the war Overthinking the past Too many worries about the future Aggressive thoughts and / or tendencies Feelings of intense sadness / depression Problems with alcohol / drugs Stigmatisation and feeling as an outsider in community Other (please specify) E12 Frequecy of problem? (for each answering category) Select one: Never (0 times during last month) Sometimes (2-4 times during last month) Frequently (5-16 times during last month) Almost every day during the last month Screen 3: Immuno-Compromised Diseases E13 Ever tested for HIV/AIDS? Select one: Yes No E14 Result of HIV/AIDS test Select one: Positive (has HIV) Negative (does not have HIV) No test, therefore unsure E15 Disclosure – would like to consider voluntarily HIV/AIDS testing and Select one: counseling Yes No E16 Doctor’s comments E17 Referral suggested/requested Select one: Yes No F. Resettlement & Assets Data Response Options Screen 1: Resettlement F1 Where do you plan to settle after you leave the TF? (Intended Place of Select one: Reintegration / Resettlement (select one) Place of Origin Current Place Other F2 (If Other in F1) Select one: Intended State of Reintegration from STATE list F3 (If Other in F1) Select one: Intended County of Reintegration from COUNTY list F4 (If Other in F1) Select one: Intended Payam of Reintegration from PAYAM list F5 (If Other in F1) Intended Boma and Specific locality of reintegration (specific locality of Stay. E.g. Boma, neighborhood, etc) F6 Reasons for Choosing that Place of Reintegration (choose all that apply) Select all that apply: Family reasons Economic Reasons ! 105 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 105 ! Education Opportunities Safety and security Other (Please specify) F7 Do you know other ex-combatants that will be returning to your same location? Select one: Yes No F8 If yes, how many Screen 2: Assets F9 What assets do you own? Select all that apply: Own House Family's house Own land Cattle Ox-plough Other animals (such as goats, chickens, etc) Small business Other assets (please specify) F10 If own land - how many fedens do you own? F11 If do not own land, do you have access to Land? Select one: Yes No F12 If either own or have access to land then where is it? Select one: Place of Origin Current Place Reintegration Place Other (specify) Screen 3: Land Information F13 If either own or have access to land then where is it? Select one for each: State County Payam Boma F14 If either own or have access to land, do you or another person currently grow Select one apply: crops on the land you have access to? Yes, crops No F15 If Yes to F13 grow crops - what do you grow? Select all that apply: Not Selected Maize Sorghum Millet Cassava Ground nuts Sesame Corn Beans Sweet potatoes Pumpkins Carrots Yams Greens Other (please specify) F16 If either own or have access to land, do you or another person currently look Select one: after animals on the land you have access to? Yes, look after animals No F17 If Yes to F13 look after animals - what animals? Select all that apply: Not Selected Cattle Chickens Goats Sheep ! 106 106 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! Pigs Ducks Other (please specify) F18 If No to F13, why are you not using the land? Select all that apply: Affected by unexploded ordinances / landmines Settled in use by others Insecurity in the area Floods / droughts Not sure how to use land Other (Please specify) F19 If you own a business, What type of business do you own? Select all that apply: Not Selected General merchandise Raw products from farm Processed food products Clothing Beer/local brew Animal/ Meat sales Tannery / leather production Animal processed goods - butter, etc Fishing Bee keeping/ honey Charcoal Mechanic/ Car repair Welding Generator repair Electrician Plumbing/ Waterpump Mechanic Carpentry Masonry Construction Tailoring Hairdressing Telephone/Radio Repair Other (please specify) F20 If you own a business, who is running the business? Select all that apply: Yourself Family Member Employee Other (Please specify) G. Livelihood Intentions and Skills Data Response Options Screen 1: Interested Fields G1 What livelihood activity(ies) would you be interested in after leaving military Select all that apply in order: service (choices are ordered See LIVELIHOODS listi (Do not give options just ask and select which is correct) (text box available for comments) Screen 2: Intended Livelihood Activity G2 When you leave military service, what do you expect you WILL work in? Select all that apply in order: See LIVELIHOODS list (text box available for comments) G3 Do you have work experience in this activity? Select one: Yes No Screen 3: Training Information G4 Have you received training, other than military? Of any kind? If so for how long and in what? Which organization provided the training? G5 If yes, duration of the received training If yes, Training detail ! 107 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 107 ! G6 If yes, organization where received training G7 What OTHER skills do you have (that enable you to generate money, please specify)? (Note: If none - do not include anything in this space. If list something included in the above list - check it there - do not include it again) G8 Are you interested to receive training as part of the DDR Programme? Select one: Yes No G9 If yes, what training are you interested in? Select all that apply: Not Selected LITERACY & NUMERACY Literacy Numeracy English Language LIFE SKILLS Health Psychosocial healing Coping mechanisms BUSINESS SKILLS Cooperative Management Business Management Accounting VOCATIONAL SKILLS Farming Animal Husbandry Fishing Bee keeping Food production Tannery / leather production Open/ Run Shop Trading Driving Mechanic Welding Generator repair Electrician Plumbing/ Waterpump Mechanic Carpentry Masonry Construction Casual Labour Security Guard Health Worker Teacher Catering/Hotel Tailoring Hairdressing Administration/Computers Telephone/Radio Repair Complete education Other (please specify) Screen 4: Cooperation & Association G10 Have you heard of a “cooperative” or “association”? Select one: Yes No G11 If yes, have you ever participated in a cooperative or association? Select one: Yes No ! 108 108 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation ! G12 If yes (to G10), of what type and for how long? (do not give options – just ask and select which is correct) What Type: Select all that apply: Not Selected Savings General merchandise Raw products from farm Processed food products Clothing Beer/local brew Animal/ Meat sales Tannery / leather production Animal processed goods - butter, etc Fishing Bee keeping/ honey Charcoal Mechanic/ Car repair Welding Generator repair Electrician Plumbing/ Waterpump Mechanic Carpentry Masonry Construction Tailoring Hairdressing Telephone/Radio Repair Other (please specify) How Long: Select one: less than 1 month 1-less than 6 months 6 months-1 year 2-3 years More than 3 years G13 Are you interested in forming cooperatives/associations? Select one: Yes No G14 Do any of your family members belong to a cooperative/ association? Select one: Yes No G15 If yes, did they find it helpful? Select one: Yes No !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I LIVELIHOODS List 1. Farming 2. Animal Husbandry 3. Open/ Run Shop 4. Driving 5. Trading 6. Mechanic 7. Fishing 8. Carpentry 9. Security Guard 10. Health Worker 11. Tailoring ! ! 109 Final Report - Annex B DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 109 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 12. Construction 13. Electrician 14. Masonry 15. Catering/Hotel 16. Plumbing/ Waterpump Mechanic 17. Casual Labour 18. Welding 19. Teacher 20. Administration/Computers 21. Telephone/Radio Repair 22. Hairdressing 23. Tannery / leather production 24. Bee keeping 25. Complete education 26. Other (please specify) ! ! 110 110 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DDR PROGRAMME 2013-2014 PILOT Pilot Reintegration Project Annex C Community Baseline Survey Report Completed by: Integrity Research and Consultancy november 2013 Executive Summary 1. Introduction The National Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (NDDRC) in South Sudan is conducting a Pilot Reintegration Project in order to test its approach systems and draw lessons from the initial activities in preparation for a large reintegration support operation in the future. The project is supported by the Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP) of the World Bank (WB), which has contracted Adam Smith International (ASI) in partnership with Integrity Research and Consultancy (Integrity) to provide capacity building and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) support to the NDDRC. Monitoring and data collection is crucial for the successful delivery of the pilot project, aiming to draw lessons to inform forthcoming phases of the DDR programme. A significant part of the implementation phase of the M&E component is to supervise, support and report on two baseline surveys, one involving ex-combatants (XCs) and the other on the communities to which they belong. This report presents the findings of the community survey and the resulting recommendations to be used to improve subsequent studies. 2. The Community Baseline Survey This community baseline survey constitutes an essential component of the preparation and learning process of the NDDRC by providing information on citizen perceptions of XCs, and various issues such as livelihood, economics and safety within the areas they are returning to. The baseline will be followed up with a tracer study in 2014 to compare the situation before and after the support operation and to provide recommendations to the NDDRC. Moreover surveys with XCs were undertaken in the beginning of the pilot and is used to inform the analysis of the relationship between XCs and their host communities. The community survey instrument in South Sudan was developed by drawing on the experience of conducting similar surveys in Uganda, Rwanda and elsewhere. Designed with the assistance of WB consultants and drawing upon lessons learned from the XC survey ASI/ Integrity tested this survey instrument and implemented it with the support of caseworkers from the NDDRC. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 1 12 ICRS caseworkers were engaged and trained by ASI/ Integrity in preparation for administering the community survey from September 23 to October 10. The three-day training focused on ensuring the enumerators were comfortable with the survey tool, as well as with good interview practice and the standard of research ethics required for conducting surveys. The training also served to pilot the instrument, which was adjusted to fit the context and the unique needs of the NDDRC and the communities. Enumerators were taught how to use the tablet technology, which contained the digitalised version of the instrument. The survey was undertaken in four states where XCs are likely to return: Western Bahr el Ghazal, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warrap and Lakes. In each state the survey was conducted in both a rural and an urban site (with the exception of Northern Bahr el Ghazal where it was only administered in the urban site). A total of 115 households were randomly selected in each enumeration area, where the adult respondent was chosen at random using a specific tool. The one-on-one interview lasted approximately 40 minutes, and rigorous quality assurance checks were put into place by the supervisors to ensure sound sampling and interview methodology. A total of 811 respondents across the four states participated in the survey. Lessons from undertaking the survey identified in reports written by the four state supervisors, as well as during debriefing with a group of the ICRS caseworks, have been included in the recommendations of this report in Annex D. 3. Summary of Findings A number of key findings were identified during the data analysis that speak directly to perception of XCs, community context and security forces/ conflict. Perceptions of XCs: • Overall, the respondents were very supportive of XCs, with 95 per cent (772 individuals) asserting that they support the DDR programme. • A total of 54 per cent (439 respondents) maintained that most people in their community treat XCs with the same amount of respect as other people of a similar age. Whilst this may promote integration, it may also result in tensions if XCs feel their service should allow them greater respect within their communities. 2 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Community Context: • The XCs are returning to communities in which 76 per cent (612 respondents) claimed to feel ‘very safe’ in the areas in which they lived, compared to 3 per cent (27 respondents) who felt ‘very unsafe.’ • 43 per cent (345 respondents) maintained that they owned livestock, but 7 per cent (53 respondents) said that their household ‘always’ goes hungry, with 51 per cent (414 respondents) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs. • These are communities that have a sense of agency; 65 per cent (527 respondents) felt to ‘a large extent’ that they had the power to make important decisions that could change the course of their lives. This could mean that communities can and will take an active role in reintegration. • Many respondents (40 per cent) chose ‘not at all’ when asked if they think government and local leaders take into account concerns voiced by the community in regards to decisions that affect them. Security: • 49 per cent (294 respondents) maintained ‘lots of trust’ in ‘government employees in the SPLA’ and ‘government employees in the police service’ (365 respondents or 45 per cent), which may speak to the positive sentiment expressed around XCs more broadly. • 96 per cent (776 respondents) maintained that if they had a serious argument with someone else living in their area they would be able to resolve the problem without resorting to physical violence. • A total of 612 respondents (76 per cent) claimed to feel ‘very safe’ in the areas in which they lived, compared to 27 respondents (3 per cent) who felt ‘very unsafe.’ Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1! 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5! 2. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 5! 2.1 Limitations of the Survey ................................................................................................ 6! 3. Key Findings ...................................................................................................................... 7! 3.1 Demographics ................................................................................................................ 7! 3.2 Livelihoods ..................................................................................................................... 9! 3.3 Economics ................................................................................................................... 17! 3.4 Cooperatives ................................................................................................................ 21! 3.5 Social Capital ............................................................................................................... 25! 3.6 Empowerment .............................................................................................................. 30! 3.7 Security ........................................................................................................................ 33! 3.8 Ex-Combatants ............................................................................................................ 36! 4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 42! Annex A: Methodology ....................................................................................................... 44! Annex B: Field Locations & Processes ............................................................................. 50! Annex C: Limitations of the Survey ................................................................................... 54! Annex D: Survey Recommendations................................................................................. 55! Annex E: Respondent Demographics ............................................................................... 59! Annex F: Community Baseline Survey Instrument .......................................................... 61! 4 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Introduction The community baseline survey is both within the M&E component of the pilot project and also part of the M&E implementation work stream of the larger capacity building project, collecting data from a sample of communities where XC have returned. Together with a parallel XC survey, the community survey and the tracers for these two studies aim to: (i) Understand the demographic characteristics, livelihood aspirations and social capital profiles of XCs and community members; (ii) Document the impacts of livelihood activities on XCs and their communities; (iii) Provide broader level information to NDDRC for use in documenting programme impacts in a post-pilot phase and methods for improving programme management and developing new and improved livelihood and capacity building products and services. Integral to the goal of NDDRC capacity building, the community baseline survey efforts aimed to train NDDRC staff (the ICRS caseworkers) in data collection methods, interview techniques and community sensitisation approaches, building upon the training undertaken before the XC baseline survey during July 2 through 4, 2013. The desired result of this effort was to prepare a cadre of NDDRC personnel trained to implement future survey research throughout the DDR processes. 2. Methodology The methods designed for the XC study were pre-determined by the TDRP, and a simple quantitative household survey was recommended. The phases of this research included: instrument design, training, sample planning, sensitisation, implementation (including quality assurance procedures), analysis and reporting. In total, 811 community participants were surveyed within the timeframe. See Annex A for a more detailed description of the methodology. In brief, the questionnaire (‘instrument’) was adapted from an earlier version used in the XC survey and themes covered included: General demographics (including martial status and education), Livelihoods, Economics, Cooperatives, Social capital, Empowerment, Security and Ex-combatants. Samsung Galaxy tablets running FormHub on ODK were used Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 5 and overall, the survey technology was a positive aspect of the process. Community members were excited to see the tablets being used. 12 ICRS caseworkers and four survey supervisors were trained over three days in Wau. The training was focused on building the enumerators’ capacity by instilling comfort with the survey technology, ensuring familiarity with the survey, translating the questions into local languages and role-playing various scenarios likely to be encountered during the survey process. The training was highly interactive and hands-on, while also encouraging team building between the state survey teams and supervisors. As advised by the NDDRC, the Community Baseline Survey was undertaken in one urban and one rural site (with one exception) in each of the four states of Greater Bahr el Ghazal (Western Bahr el Ghazal, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warrap and Lakes). The enumeration areas (EAs) within the chosen payam were then selected randomly, taking into consideration the accessibility of the rural areas during the rainy season. Respondents were evenly distributed across the seven boma (115 in Akuach, 117 in Ayuang, 118 in Bagari, 115 in Dong Mabior, 115 in Kuajok, 116 in Mapel and 115 Matangai.). Community sensitisation was a key component of survey preparation and implementation, and this issue was discussed in detail during the training. Sensitisation was unique to each of the seven boma, and the particulars of each location are discussed in depth in Annex B: Field locations & Processes. The teams reported that they were mostly well received by community members who were eager to participate, and indeed most community members wanted to be interviewed. See Annex B for descriptions of the field locations including an account of the sensitisation that took place in each of the seven sites. 2.1 Limitations of the Survey Quantitative data of this nature is specifically not designed to collect the nuanced information or ‘colour’ that is achievable through qualitative research. Integrity is a strong advocate of mixed methods approaches and recommends that future studies should be supplemented by interviews and focus group discussion in order to provide additional detail in the findings. Please find a longer discussion of limitations of the survey in Annex C. 6 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 3. Key Findings In line with the structure of the survey instrument, this section is broken down into the following subsections: (a) Demographics (b) Livelihoods, (c) Economics, (d) Cooperatives, (e) Social Capital, (f) Empowerment, (g) Security and (h) Ex-Combatants. During analysis extensive attempts were made to identify patterns in the responses between gender, age groups, states and urban versus rural. The most significant differences occurred between the seven boma. The information provided in the following subsections demonstrates what we deem to be the most interesting and relevant findings. Drawing information from the supervisors and enumerators, attempts have been made throughout to add nuance to the survey data and to provide hypotheses that may explain certain findings (see the yellow text boxes). However, as discussed elsewhere in this report, we believe that both of these aims can be better achieved in the future through incorporating qualitative methods into the research programme, including in particular focus group discussions and informant interviews (see Annex D for recommendations). In addition, a number of comparisons have been made to the findings from the XC survey (see the blue text boxes). Questions drawn from the instrument and represented in the analysis are listed in each findings section, and a complete copy of the community baseline survey can be found in Annex F. 3.1 Demographics The ages of the respondents ranged from 18 to 90 (18 to 78 with one 90 year old male), and there were 545 females in the sample compared to 266 males (Figure 1 represents respondent gender by boma). 230 individuals were sampled in Lakes, 230 in Warrap, 234 in Western Bahr el Ghazal and 117 in Northern Bahr el Ghazal. Within the seven boma, between 115 and 118 individuals were sampled. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 7 Figure 1: Respondent gender by boma The majority of respondents were married monogamous (65 per cent) and when asked ‘has your partner/ any of your partners been inherited?’ 110 individuals (14 per cent) responded yes and 574 individuals (71 per cent) responded no. Many of the respondents (380 individuals, 47 per cent) maintained they had received no education; 299 individuals (37 per cent) claimed primary school (P1 up to P8) and 109 (13 per cent) claimed secondary school (S1 up to S4). Figure 2 shows this question broken down by rural and urban areas, whereby 155 respondents (33 per cent) and 225 respondents (65 per cent) reported no education in urban areas and rural areas respectively. See Annex E for more demographic information about the respondents.1 1 As noted in Annex A: Methodology, the selected EAs are not intended to be representative of the four states as this would require a selection of considerably more EAs per state. Rather, this approach sees the selected EAs as ‘case studies’ that can be used for monitoring and recording changes. 8 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Figure 2: Highest level of education rural and urban 3.2 Livelihoods From the Community Baseline Survey QA5: Housing type (recorded by enumerator) QB1: Who owns the housing structure you are currently living in? QB2: Does your household have land that you grow crops on? QB3: Is the land that you grow crops on owned by your household, rented, or is it communal? QB4: Still thinking specifically about the land your household uses to grow crops, do you use more land, the same amount of land, or less land compared to two years ago? QB6: Why do you now use less land? QB7: Does your household sell some of the crops grown on this land? QB11: Do people in your household sometimes go hungry? Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 9 Housing type A total of 452 respondents claimed to live in thatch roof/ mud walled homes, while 144 claimed grass side houses, followed by iron sheeting (134), permanent houses (68), mud/ daub and wattle (4), apartment (1) and other (8). There were substantial variations between locations, for instance, with thatch roof/ mud walled homes being far more common in Dong Mabior, Kuajok and Matangai. Who owns the housing structure you are currently living in? As indicated in Figure 3, the majority of respondents (411 individuals or 51 per cent) claimed that they owned their housing structures. This response was less common in Kuajok where 39 respondents (34 per cent) maintained that their family owned the structure, and 37 respondents (32 per cent) stated that a spouse/ partner owned it. Female and male housing structure ownership was similar as 50 per cent (271) of the females sampled claimed to own their housing structure versus 53 per cent (140) of males. Figure 3: Ownership of housing structures by boma 10 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Does your household have land that you grow crops on? Do you use more land, the same amount of land, or less land as compared to two years ago? Why? A total of 511 respondents (63 per cent) claimed that they had arable land for planting and harvesting, and a vast majority (84 per cent) asserted that this was owned by their family, rather than rented or communal. A total of 124 respondents (24 per cent) claimed that they sold produce grown on their land. As indicated in Figure 4, a total of 322 of those who had arable land (63 per cent) claimed to use the same quantity of land as compared to two years ago, 91 (18 per cent) asserted that they now had more land and 97 (19 per cent) maintained that they now had less. Of those in the latter category, 42 asserted that their reduction in land usage was due to insufficient resources to cultivate (43 per cent), and 40 claimed that this was because others had taken their land (41 per cent). Figure 4: Changes in landownership by boma Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 11 Interpreting Findings on Land Cultivation According to the enumerators, many of those surveyed in Aweil were recent returnees from Khartoum so they lacked the resources to cultivate land, even if they had acquired or inherited it. In Warrap, participants explained that they had land but did not have machinery (such as tractors) to farm it all and were simply dependent on traditional means. In Lakes state, many reported that they had a lot of land but they did not have the human resources to work it (whether this be time or skilled labor). Many of the men were gone from the home for various reasons and the women did not have the ability to work enough in the fields. Many of the urban dwellers in Lakes travelled during harvest to cultivate lands outside of the town. Notably, due to insecurities in Western Bahr el Ghazal and Lakes states, men and youth were gone from the homes fighting or hiding or had suffered during the conflicts and the land was left uncultivated. From the Field: Rural Site – Dong Mabior Boma During the current harvest season, many men and women were reported to be working on the land owned by the family, which was often located in home villages in Northern Bahr el Ghazal or elsewhere. It was reported that many of the inhabitants in Kuajok and this rural site had relocated here from other states to access better education and socioeconomic opportunities. (It is unclear if this is a phenomenon of these two enumeration sites or also the wider state population.) Does your household have any livestock? Do any members of your household fish to gain food for your family? 345 respondents (43 per cent) claimed that they owned livestock, and Figure 5 shows this by boma. 190 individuals (55 per cent) reported that they own livestock in rural locations, compared to 155 individuals (33 per cent) in urban locations. 67 respondents (8 per cent) maintained that they fish to feed their family, with the majority of these individuals (69 per cent) reporting that they sell some of the fish they catch. 12 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Figure 5: Livestock (excluding poultry) ownership by boma Interpreting Findings on Hunger and Poverty Given the sensitive nature of questions about hunger and poverty (e.g. QB11), caution should be taken when interpreting findings relating to these subjects. Enumerators reported that a number of respondents requested money for food once this question had been asked, and certain interviewees may have exaggerated the extent to which they lacked resources with this in mind. Conversely, others may downplay the extent of their poverty as a matter of pride. Supervisors added nuance to the responses of the questions, citing that some families had food but were too busy to cook and so sometimes the children would go hungry. Others explained that the “hunger gap” is a seasonal occurrence during the cultivation season between May and July, so the question may have elicited a different response at other times of the year. Salary delays, accessibility due to rains, and the absence of materials to make fire were cited as other reasons for respondents answering in such ways. From the Field: Rural Site – Dong Mabior Boma Due to the extreme flooding taking place during the survey implementation, many men were gone with their cattle, having been forced to search for higher ground. Overall, the impression of the rural site is that it was more food secure than the urban site due to citizens having more cattle and fish available. The chief of the village even offered the team a goat to roast in thanks for their visit. Most people interviewed claimed to be dependent on goat, cows, fishing and crops. A few reported brewing alcohol for consumption and selling at a small market situated alongside the Kuajok-Wau Road. From the Field: Urban Site – Kuajok town, Kuaj Payam Stagnant water, mosquitos and bushy grasses and trees contributed to the slow movement of the teams from homes in the area that resembled a rural site rather than a typical urban locale. The urban site was reported as being less food secure than other areas in the state. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 13 Do people in your household sometimes go hungry? 53 respondents (7 per cent) claimed that their household ‘always’ goes hungry, with a further 414 (51 per cent) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs. Figure 6 demonstrates these findings by boma. There was little variation between urban and rural sites (Figure 7), with 52 per cent (243 respondents) reporting ‘often’ in urban locations, versus 49 per cent (171 respondents) in rural locations. 8 per cent (36 individuals) responded ‘never’ to this question in urban sites, versus 2 per cent (8 individuals) who responded this way in rural sites. Figure 6: Households going hungry by boma 14 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Figure 7: Households going hungry, urban versus rural Landownership and households going hungry On the whole, there was a slight correlation associated with landownership and households going hungry. Specifically, respondents who claimed to own land (511 total) were less likely than non-landowners (300 total) to maintain that their household ‘always’ or ‘often’ goes hungry. 6 per cent (29 individuals) reported they own land and their household ‘always’ goes hungry, versus 8 per cent (24 individuals) of non-landowners and 49 per cent (251 individuals) of landowners said their household ‘often’ goes hungry versus 54 per cent (163 individuals) of non-landowners. 40 per cent (203 individuals) of landowners claimed that their household ‘seldom’ goes hungry versus 32 per cent (97 individuals) of non-landowners and 6 per cent of landowners reported that their household ‘never’ goes hungry versus 5 per cent of non-landowners. This varied among urban and rural sites; for instance, Dong Mabior and Matangai (both rural sites) have high instances of land ownership (89 per cent, 102 individuals and 98 per cent, 113 individuals respectively) yet this did not seem to have a positive effect on reported households going hungry in these two sites (34 per cent of landowners’ households in Dong Mabior go hungry ‘always’ or ‘often’, 67 per cent in Matangai). Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 15 Livestock ownership and households going hungry Overall, there was a stronger correlation associated with livestock ownership and households going hungry where respondents owning livestock were least likely to maintain that their household ‘always’ or ‘often’ goes hungry, which suggests that food security can be attributed to livestock ownership. The highest percentage of those who owned livestock and whose households ‘often’ go hungry occurred in both the urban (Akuach) and rural (Matangai) sites in Lakes state with 42 per cent (48 individuals) and 56 per cent (50 individuals) respectively. Comparisons with the XC Survey: Livelihoods The findings for households going hungry from the XC survey differed little from the community survey, with 21 respondents (8 per cent) from the former claiming that their household ‘always’ goes hungry, and a further 128 (48 per cent) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs. In the XC survey, 49 per cent (131 respondents) claimed they fish to feed their family, compared to 8 per cent (67 respondents) in the community survey. 33 per cent (89 respondents) claimed to own livestock in the XC Survey compared to 43 per cent (345 individuals) in the community survey. Livelihoods in Summary A majority of the respondents live in thatch roof/ mud walled homes with arable land (though only a small percentage sold crops grown on the land) owned by the individual. It is of value to note that landownership issues are going to be a concern for returning XCs, particularly if there are currently landownership conflicts in these communities. Returning XCs with (potentially) no land may be a source of frustration worth watching. Overall, there was a slight connection between landownership and the levels of hunger experienced by households as those who owned land consistently reported lower levels of hunger, which would suggest that food security is slightly dependent on landownership. There was a stronger connection between livestock ownership and households going hungry, suggesting that food security is related to the owning of livestock. 16 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 3.3 Economics From the Community Baseline Survey QC1: What do you spend most of your household income on? QC2: What do you do to make money for your family? QC3: In your community, what is the most common way for people to make money? QC4: Have you ever considered leaving your home to look for a job in South Sudan? QC5: Have you ever applied for micro-credit from a financial institution? QC9: In the near future, do you think that the economic situation will improve for your household, stay about the same, or get worse? Interpreting Findings on Housing Structures The city of Kuajok in the state of Warrap was transformed from a town to a capital after peace was declared in 2005. There is still a lesser sense of permanence in the state and town compared to other locations, which may explain why more people live in traditional tukul mud huts than other buildings. In Matangai there has been recent insecurity and people are hesitant to invest in building permanent structures for fear that they their homes will be destroyed and themselves displaced. What do you spend most of your household income on? In your community, what is the most common way for people to make money? 703 respondents (87 per cent) claimed to spend most of their household income on food, followed by education (7 per cent) and health (5 per cent), and this varied little between the sites. When asked an open-ended question about what they did to earn money, responses that were given by multiple individuals included (539 individuals responded): farming (182 respondents, 34 per cent); business (71 respondents, 13 per cent); brewing/ selling local alcohol (57 respondents, 11 per cent); employed by government/ civil servant/ or has a relative in this capacity (55 respondents, 10 per cent); housewife/ husband earns money (42 respondents, 8 per cent); unemployed/ not working (39 respondents, 7 per cent); police officer (23) respondents, 4 per cent); casual labour (23 respondents, 4 per cent); tea maker/ tea seller (16 respondents, 3 per cent); sell firewood (13 respondents, 2 per cent); fishing (12 respondents, 2 per cent); and Driving (6 respondents, 1 per cent). Figure 8 represents these findings. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 17 Figure 8: What do you do to make money for your family? When asked about the most common way to make money in the community, the results were similar, with a majority (386 respondents) stating ‘farming’ or related activities, followed by business (192 respondents), government/ civil servant (36 respondents) brewing/ selling alcohol (30 respondents) and trade of various products (13 respondents). Have you ever considered leaving your home to look for a job in South Sudan? Respondents were asked if they would ever consider leaving their home to look for a job in South Sudan, and 590 individuals (73 per cent) responded ‘no’ to this question. By boma, the highest percentage of individuals responding in the affirmative were in Ayuang (59 respondents, 51 per cent), followed by Mabior (51 respondents, 44 per cent), Kuajok (42 respondents, 37 per cent), Bagari (21 respondents, 18 per cent), Mapel (17 respondents, 15 per cent), Matangai (15 respondents, 13 per cent) and Akuach (15 respondents, 13 per cent). 18 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Interpreting Findings on Sources of Income In Dong Mabior many respondents were reliant upon welding activities and metal works, which was not the case in rural areas. The small market situated alongside the main Kuajok Wau road is used by the community for exchanging local products. However, the consumption of these products, including charcoal, fish and meat, appeared to be high in the urban areas. Most of people interviewed claimed to be depending on goat, cows, fishing and crops, although a few intended to brew locally made alcohol. Some of the children in the urban areas were seen collecting empty bottles for recycling. From the Field: Rural Site – Mapel Boma Mixed subsistence farming and livestock rearing were mainly practised, with most families also engaged in brewing and selling of traditional alcohol, haragi. Small-scale businesses were engaged in selling groundnuts, charcoal, firewood, bread, tea and okra. Have you ever applied for micro-credit from a financial institution? Only 31 respondents (4 per cent) claimed to have ever applied for micro-credit from a financial institution, and 81 per cent of these individuals maintained that their application(s) had been successful. These findings varied little across state, gender, age and marital status. Interpreting Findings on Micro-Credit Most respondents had never applied for micro-credit. The enumerators felt that these individuals simply did not think that they would be approved for this form of loan and so it was not worth applying. This applied in particular to those who are currently jobless, women and those without a stable salary. Many of the respondents did not know of any options for microcredit in their communities or nearby. In Lakes many women were aware of the BRAC micro-loan NGO, but people reported that this offered very little money, only to women and only reached the urban areas. In the near future, do you think that the economic situation will improve for your household, stay about the same, or get worse? 440 respondents (54 per cent) believed that in the near future the economic situation for their household will ‘improve,’ compared to 73 (9 per cent) who maintained it will ‘get worse.’ Figure 9 demonstrates the findings from this question by boma, with respondents from Dong Mabior (20 respondents, 17 per cent), Kuajok (21 respondents, 18 per cent) and Matangai (17 respondents, 15 per cent) tending to be less optimistic by answering ‘worse’ versus Akuach (9 respondents, 8 per cent), Ayuang (2 respondents, 2 per cent), Bagari (1 respondent, 1 per cent) and Mapel (3 respondents, 3 per cent). Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 19 Figure 9: Perception of household economic situation in near future by boma Interpreting Findings on Expected Economic Changes Many respondents felt that their economic situation would improve in the future. The enumerators noted that people did feel hopeful that life would improve with South Sudan’s independence, enrolling more of their children in school and the arrival of more humanitarian or development organisations. Due to a programming error, there was a skip on QC5 (which questioned whether respondents had applied for micro-credit) that unfortunately was directed to QC9, causing data to go uncollected for QC7 and QC8. Luckily, data gathered from other questions, QB11 and the remaining QCs, has yielded similar information. Comparisons with the XC Survey: Economics 83 per cent of respondents in the XC Survey felt that their economic situation would improve in the near future, compared to 54 per cent in the Community Survey. Amongst those responding positively to this question in the XC Survey, the largest proportion attributed this to their DDR training, with others stating that this expected change was contingent upon the government providing jobs. It is important to take into consideration possible gaps in XCs’ expectations, noting that if expectations are not met, this could lead to frustration and anger. A total of 85 respondents (32 per cent) in the XC Survey maintained they gain income additional to that generated through being in the military. The means through which this extra income was gained were varied, and included farming, fishing, tailoring, carpentry, motor repair, thatching houses, selling clothes, and wood and producing charcoal and alcohol. A total of 113 respondents (42 per cent) claimed they returned to their pre-conflict form of employment. In both surveys, the number of respondents who had applied for a micro-credit loan was very low (31 respondents 4 per cent in the Community Survey and 7 respondents, 3 per cent in the XC Survey). It is worth investigating other means of gaining financial capital. 20 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Economics in Summary Those surveyed were generally optimistic about their future economic situations and most were unwilling to leave their homes in search of jobs elsewhere in South Sudan. There is a high frequency of households going hungry ‘often’, which would suggest that the economic situation at present is not as positive. The integration of returning XCs who have learned trade skills into these communities brings into question what this integration will involve in terms of affecting the communities and labour markets on the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. On the micro level, how will this integration impact individuals and individual setting up companies? On the macro level, how will this impact overall employment rates? If XCs and others are not relying on micro-credit loans for capital to start businesses, then it is worth investigating other means of gaining capital. 3.4 Cooperatives From the Community Baseline Survey QD1: Have you heard of any economic cooperatives operating in your local area? QD2: To what extent do you feel that you are familiar with the type of work that economic cooperatives do, and how they are organized? QD3: Are you currently a member of an economic cooperative? QD4: What type of economic cooperative is this? QD5: Were you a member of an economic cooperative previously? QD6: What type of economic cooperative was this? QD7: Why did you stop being a member of the economic cooperative? QD8: Do you feel that through your membership of an economic cooperative your household benefited economically a lot, a little, or not at all? Have you heard of any economic cooperatives operating in your local area? Are you currently a member? Previously? Why did you stop being a member? 458 (57 per cent) respondents claimed to have heard of economic cooperatives operating in their local area, and 286 respondents (35 per cent) felt that they were familiar with the type of activities undertaken by these cooperatives. A total of 178 respondents (22 per cent) asserted they were previously part of a cooperative, compared to only 64 (8 per cent) who Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 21 responded they were currently members. When asked why the respondent ceased their membership, 48 per cent claimed a ‘lack of capital,’ as seen in Figure 10. Figure 10: Reasons for leaving cooperatives Case Study of a Self-Started Cooperative There was one notable example of a self-started cooperative in the rural site of Lakes state in which five widowed women began an agricultural cooperative. They grew vegetables, groundnuts and cowpeas using traditional tools. They had been introduced to the concept from an Indian neighbour who they had observed. The women did not know that this was a cooperative, per se. Interpreting Findings on Cooperatives The concept of a cooperative was lost on many interviewees despite considerable efforts by the enumerators to explain the principle. The enumerators reported that this concept is quite foreign to most communities, especially those in the rural areas. Occasionally the Dinka word “akut” or “meetcin” (literally meaning “join hands”) was used to describe these arrangements, and perhaps this word can be used for future surveys. In addition, it was reported that some of the cooperative questions mislead respondents into thinking that they were going to be invited to join a cooperative or lent money as a result of their participation. This may be because participants are used to needs assessments taking place in communities that are followed by some project. 22 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation What type of economic cooperative was this? Those individuals claiming to be past or current members of an economic cooperative further specified they were involved in the following types: Respondents previously part Respondents currently part of Type of economic cooperative of an economic cooperative an economic cooperative Sanduk / savings / loan 146 (77 per cent) 45 (66 per cent) Agriculture 24 (13 per cent) 19 (28 per cent) Manufacturing / crafts / workers 5 (3 per cent) 1 (2 per cent) Business / entrepreneurial 9 (5 per cent) 1 (2 per cent) Other 5 (3 per cent) 2 (3 per cent) Total 189 68 Comparison with the XC Survey: Cooperatives Only 3 of the respondents in the XC survey (1 per cent) claimed to currently be a member of an economic cooperative, compared to 64 respondents (8 per cent) in the Community Survey. Since the XCs were involved in the military in recent years, it is understandable that they were less likely to have had a chance to participate in a cooperative. 6 individuals in the XC survey further specified that they were/ had been involved in Sanduk. A total of 84 respondents (69 per cent) maintained that they would be interested in working in a cooperative, although caution is generally required with such questions given that the extent to which this is likely to translate into reality is debatable. Did your household benefit economically from your membership in an economic cooperative? As indicated in Figure 11, amongst those who are current/ former members of economic cooperatives, 99 (41 per cent) claimed that their household ‘benefited a lot economically’ as a result of this membership, with 125 respondents (52 per cent) maintaining that they ‘benefited a little economically’ and 15 respondents (6 per cent) asserting that they ‘did not benefit economically’. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 23 Figure 11: Perceived economic benefit of cooperative membership by boma Cooperatives in Summary There has been an obvious decline in community member involvement in economic cooperatives given the data listed above, which could largely be attributed to a lack of capital. Reintegration support activities should be delivered in partnership with local organisations and ministries such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Cooperatives and Rural Development in order to build capacity and enhance service delivery. Cooperatives can enhance socioeconomic development with their effect on reducing poverty and increasing employment opportunities.2 2 South Sudan DDR Programme Review Report. Stockholm Policy Group, 30 October 2010. 24 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 3.5 Social Capital From the Community Baseline Survey QE1: What kind of social groups or committees are you aware of in your community? QE2: Which of these are you a member of? (Women, youth, religious, veterans, community, sports, other) QE3: Of your friends, how many are ex-combatants? By that I mean how many are former members of the SPLA, police, wildlife forces, fire brigade, prison services, and other armed groups? QE4: If you encounter an economic problem, whom would you first turn to for help? QE5—QE11: To what extent do you trust your community elders or tribal authority, men who are your age mates, women who are your age mates, people you work with, teenagers, government employees in the SPLA, government employees in the police service? Which kind of social group or committee are you a member of? A total of 668 respondents (82 per cent) maintained that they belonged to at least one social group. As demonstrated in Figure 12, the most common types were religious (299 respondents or 37 per cent), for women (212 respondents or 26 per cent), youth (137 respondents or 17 per cent) and community (152 respondents or 19 per cent). Specific groups that were listed in ‘other’ included Akonbuoi women, education, student association, Women’s BRAC (micro-loan sharing scheme) and dance. 681 respondents (84 per cent) claimed to be aware of at least one type of social group or committee in their community. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 25 Figure 12: Membership of social groups and committees Of your friends, how many are ex-combatants? Approximately half of the respondents (399 individuals, 49 per cent) claimed that none of their friends were XCs (this was specified as being former members of the SPLA, police, wildlife forces, fire brigade, prison services and other armed groups). Figure 13 shows that this response was less common in Bagari and Mapel. Excluding Bagari and Mapel, Kuajok had the highest number of respondents who claimed that ‘none’ of their friends are XCs (83 individuals, 72 per cent), followed by Dong Mabior (75 individuals, 65 per cent), Matangai (67 individuals, 58 per cent), Ayuang (65 individuals, 56 per cent) and Akuach (58 individuals, 50 per cent). Interpreting Findings on Friendships with XC Bagari and Mapel have many more XCs than the other selected field sites. The selected boma in the latter was located in close proximity to the military barracks, thus this seems to be the most likely explanation for the findings on friendship with XC. The data on friends who are XCs should be taken with a degree of caution, as it was noted from the field that the definition of friendship varied depending on the translation. Furthermore, the notion of friendship is most often interpreted in South Sudan as a serious bond for life. When asked how many of their friends are XCs, respondents might consider fellow XCs as coworkers or colleagues rather than friends. 26 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Figure 13: Friendships with ex-combatants by boma Comparisons with the XC Survey: Social Capital 6 per cent in the XC survey maintained they belonged to one social group focussed upon sports, games, dancing, cultural activities and so on, compared to 83 per cent who were part of at least one social group in the community survey. Since XCs have likely been living in the barracks and outside of a typical community, it is expected that they had less exposure to social groups than the average civilian living in a typical community. From the XC Survey, large proportions of respondents maintained their friends were mostly of the same age (133 individuals, 49 per cent) and gender (160 individuals, 59 per cent), and only a minority claimed that they were mostly also ex-combatants (73 individuals, 27 per cent). This percentage was lower in the Community Survey—14 per cent of respondents (117 individuals) reported that ‘most’ of their friends are XCs. If you encounter an economic problem, whom would you first turn to for help? A majority of respondents (425 respondent, 52 per cent) claimed that if they encountered economic problems they would turn to family for help, followed by friends (13 per cent), Sanduk (3 per cent), community leaders (2 per cent) and religious institutions (2 per cent). Less than 1 per cent claimed that they would seek assistance from a micro-lending institution or a cooperative. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 27 Interpreting Findings on Sources of Assistance during Times of Need Family is a strong cultural concept among most communities in South Sudan. Specifically in Dinka culture, proverbs or parables abound about the importance of cultural and familial ties. This cultural norm explains why most would go to their family for financial help before turning to friends or another institution. Extent of trust Most respondents reported to trust various categories of people, including 294 respondents (49 per cent) claimed to have ‘lots of trust’ in ‘government employees in the SPLA’ and 365 respondents (45 per cent) regarding ‘government employees in the police service.’ Figure 14 demonstrates these findings. There were widespread variations in levels of trust in categories of people between female and male respondents. Females had less trust overall. For instance, Figure 15 demonstrates discrepancies between male and female respondents and having ‘lots of trust’ in categories of people. It is not surprising that the highest percentage of trust for males was in ‘men who are your age mates’ (66 per cent, 175 respondents) and likewise for women ‘women who are your age mates’ (56 per cent, 304 respondents. The percentages of ‘lots of trust’ differed in regards to community elders (48 per cent for females, 61 per cent for males), people you work with (44 per cent for females, 63 per cent for males), teenagers (24 per cent for females, 38 per cent for males), government employees in the SPLA (41 per cent for females, 63 per cent for males) and government employees in the police service (37 per cent for females, 60 per cent for males). 28 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Figure 14: Trust in Categories of People Figure 15: Male versus female respondents claiming ‘lots of trust’ in categories of people Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 29 If you disagreed with what everyone else in your area agreed on, would you express your opinion in public? A total of 479 respondents (59 per cent) claimed ‘mostly yes’ that they would express their opinion in public if they disagreed with what everyone else in their area agreed on compared to only 126 respondents (16 per cent) who claimed ‘mostly no’ to this question. There was no significant variation with this response in females versus males, but there was variation amongst the seven boma where it seems that respondents in Ayuang felt significantly less comfortable expressing their opinions in public; 32 per cent (37 respondents), answered ‘mostly yes’ to this question versus the other six boma where on average, respondents answered in this way over 63 per cent of the time. Social Capital in Summary It is important to note that financial support in South Sudan is often linked to social capital. In this regard, understanding XCs from this perspective may help anticipate potential problems XCs may face in obtaining funds needed to start businesses and weather difficult financial periods. The concept of family within communities in South Sudan is extremely important, and the data show that within the XC community and the community as a whole, social groups/ committees are commonplace. This raises the issue of XCs returning to communities that might have developed different social structures and brings into question how they will cope with this. 3.6 Empowerment From the Community Baseline Survey F1: To what extent do you feel that you have the power to make important decisions that can change the course of your life? F2: In the past year, how often have you joined other people to express concerns to government officials or local leaders on issues benefiting the community? F3: To what extent do you think that local government and local leaders take into account concerns voiced by your community when they make decisions that affect you? 30 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation To what extent do you feel that you have the power to make important decisions that can change the course of your life? 527 respondents (65 per cent) felt to ‘a large extent’ that they had the power to make important decisions that could change the course of their lives. This varied only slightly between males (72 per cent, 191 respondents and females (72 per cent, 336 respondents) and respondents were slightly more confident about their ability to make these decisions amongst urban locations (319 individuals, 69 per cent) versus rural (208 individuals, 60 per cent). This confidence was the highest in Bagari (95 per cent, 112 individuals), followed by the other six boma that answered in this way between 48 and 74 per cent of the time, the lowest of which was Dong Mabior (56 respondents). In the past year, how often have you joined other people to express concerns to government officials or local leaders on issues benefiting the community? When asked how often in the past year they have joined other people to express concerns to government officials or local leaders on issues benefitting the community, the majority (72 per cent) answered ‘never.’ A total of 57 respondents (7 per cent) claimed to have joined other people more than five times in the past year, 95 (12 per cent) had participated in such activities between 2 and 5 times and a further 58 (7 per cent) had undertaken such acts once. To what extent do you think that local government and local leaders take into account concerns voiced by your community when they make decisions that affect you? Furthermore, as indicated in Figure 16, many respondents (40 per cent) claimed ‘not at all’ when asked if they think local government/ leaders take into account concerns voiced by their community. Figure 17 represents this question by boma, whereby in Akuach 63 per cent (72 individuals) responded ‘not at all’, 25 per cent (29 individuals) in Ayuang, 44 per cent (52 individuals) in Bagari, 23 per cent (26 individuals) in Dong Mabior, 44 per cent (50 individuals) in Kuajok, 41 per cent (48 individuals) in Mapel and 42 per cent (48 individuals) in Matangai. Comparisons with the XC Survey: Empowerment In the XC and the Community Surveys, the majority of respondents (65 per cent in both instances) felt that they had the power to make important decisions that could change the course of their lives. A total of 10 per cent from the XC Survey had joined others on five or more occasions to express their concerns about community issues to official or local leaders over the past year, and 34 per cent believed that officials and local leaders take such voiced concerned into account ‘a lot’, with a further 48 per cent claiming that they did so ‘a little.’ Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 31 Figure 16: Perceptions that local government/ leaders take concerns into account Figure 17: Perceptions that local government/ leaders take concerns into account by boma 32 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Empowerment in Summary Overall, the data show that to a large extent the community members felt empowered to make important decisions and voice their opinion even if it disagreed with the rest of the community, yet there was an obvious discrepancy with how this would play out publically. A majority felt that local leaders and government did not take concerns voiced by the community into account, but there seemed to be little movement in the way of individuals grouping together to express issues benefitting the community. 3.7 Security From the Community Baseline Survey QG1: How safe do you feel now in the area where you live? QG2: If you and someone else in the area you live were to have a serious argument, would you be able to resolve the problem without resorting to physical violence? QG3: Do you think that having ex-combatants living in a community makes it safer, makes no difference to safety, or makes the community less safe? Figure 18: Perceived local safety by state Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 33 How safe do you feel now in the area where you live? A total of 612 respondents (76 per cent) claimed to feel ‘very safe’ in the areas in which they lived, compared to 27 respondents (3 per cent) who felt ‘very unsafe.’ As is demonstrated in Figure 18, perceived insecurity was higher in Akuach, Matangai and Ayuang than in the other four boma. Comparisons with the XC Survey: Security 81 per cent of the respondents in the XC survey claimed to feel safe in their areas of residence, and 76 per cent answered similarly in the community survey. 90 per cent of those from the XC survey claimed that they would be able to resolve serious arguments with other local residents without resorting to the use of violence, compared to 96 per cent in the community survey. 74 per cent of respondents in the XC survey asserted that violence would never occur between ex-combatants and civilians on the basis of differences between these groups. Interpreting Findings on Perceived Safety As noted in the enumeration site descriptions, Akuach and Matangai bomas are located in an area of Lakes state that has faced recent periods of fighting and insecurity between Dinka clans. This may explain why civilians feel less secure. Enumerators could not explain why people felt this way in Ayuang as it is reported to be a very peaceful area. XCs in particular are somewhat less likely to feel they can resolve conflicts without violence, yet the findings from the XC Survey and the Community Survey suggest significant goodwill and a desire to promote peaceful conflict mitigation. If you and someone else in the area you live were to have a serious argument, would you be able to resolve the problem without resorting to physical violence? The vast majority of respondents (776 individuals, 96 per cent) claimed that if they had a serious argument with someone else in their area they would be able to resolve the problem without resorting to physical violence. Interpreting Findings on Perceived Safety The question on whether respondents are likely to resort to violence if they became involved in serious arguments (QG2) is particularly susceptible to Social Desirability Bias, delivering results that may partly reflect the desire of respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably. This may be particularly true in an area like Bagari, where tribal relations are volatile. In reality many of the families interviewed are likely to have taken part in the violent conflict between the Balanda and the Dinka nine months prior. It is possible that more reliable responses may be achieved through depersonalising the question through removing the term ‘you’ and referring instead to the likelihood that ‘community members’ will resort to violence. 34 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Do you think that having XCs living in a community makes it safer, makes no difference to safety, or makes the community less safe? A total of 362 respondents (45 per cent) asserted that the presence of XCs in a community makes no difference to local safety, followed by 302 respondents (37 per cent) who maintained that they make the community ‘safer.’ Figure 19 shows this broken down by boma where respondents felt the least safe about XCs in Akuach (26 individuals, 23 per cent), followed by Matangai (17 individuals, 15 per cent), Kuajok (10 individuals, 9 per cent), Ayuang (9 individuals, 8 per cent), Dong Mabior (4 individuals, 4 per cent), Bagari (3 individuals, 3 per cent) and Mapel (1 respondent, zero per cent). This had no significant variation between genders. Figure 19: Perceived safety as a result of ex-combatants by boma Security in Summary In general, community members felt secure in their locations. Insecurity in Akuach and Matangai was relatively higher, which could be the result of recent bouts of fighting between Dinka clans in these boma. This type of data will be important to monitor in the future as this will prove a good indication of reintegration of XCs and communities feeling safe. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 35 3.8 Ex-Combatants From the Community Baseline Survey QH1: How many ex-combatants have returned to this community in the past two years? QH2: How accepting have people in your community been of ex-combatants when they return? QH3: Do you think that ex-combatants find it harder, same or easier than other people of the same age to get a job? QH4: Why do you think that ex-combatants find it harder to get a job? QH5: Do you feel that most people in this community treat ex-combatants with more respect, the same amount of respect, or less respect than other people of similar age? QH6: Do you support the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program? QH7: Do you think that most people in this community support vocational training as part of the Disarmament, Demobilization Reintegration program? QH9: Do you feel that some community members are scared of ex-combatants? QH10: How often is there violent conflict in the area you live between ex-combatants and civilians? QH11: Are you, or have you ever been, a member of the armed forces? QH12: Which armed group did you belong to? QH14: Are there some people you regret telling that you are a current or ex-member of the armed forces? QH16: Have you gone through a formal process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration? Interpreting Findings on Ex-Combatants (1) President Salva Kiir was present in Rumbek on the first day of the survey. He addressed people about the upcoming DDR Programs in all ten states and urged the entire nation to support the reintegration of XCs in their communities. This may have influenced some of the responses to questions on XCs. It was reported that almost all people from Rumbek and the surrounding areas attended or heard about the President’s speech, and so this message may have spread quickly and have been fresh in the minds of respondents during the survey. Likewise, other states observed and heard similar messages from the President in the week following the DDR pilot graduation, which coincided with the survey process. From the Field: Urban Site – Kuajok town, Kuaj Payam The urban community surveyed was well aware of DDR because of their close proximity to the state commission office. The state NDDRC office informed the team that 735 XCs have been registered for reintegration and that the group have been provided with training skills in agriculture, animal husbandry, auto mechanics, electrical plumbing and masonry. From the Field: Rural Site – Mapel Boma The area has a mixture of tribes due to the nearby military influence, with Dinka represented in the highest number. Many of the residents were employed by the SPLA, with a relatively high number of XCs (approximately 61) within the community. As Mapel is a predominantly military area, there are many more training and employment opportunities for XCs than in other areas. 36 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation How many XCs have returned to this community in the past two years? 302 respondents (37 per cent) claimed that in the past two years there have been no XCs returning to their communities, compared to 99 respondents (12 per cent) asserting that there had been ‘many.’ Figure 20 demonstrates that there is substantial variance between boma, with respondents from Bagari and Mapel far more likely to claim that ‘many’ or ‘a few’ had returned. Figure 20: Ex-combatants returned to the community by boma How accepting have people in your community been of XCs when they return? Excluding the ‘don’t know’ and ‘no response’ options, Figure 21 shows that the overwhelming majority of respondents (591 respondents or 73 per cent) claimed that community members have been ‘very’ or ‘somewhat accepting’ of returning XC in all locations. This varied little between urban and rural sites and between genders. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 37 Figure 21: Acceptance of ex-combatants by boma Interpreting Findings on Ex-Combatants (2) Enumerators and supervisors reported that there is a common sense among communities that SPLA XCs are war heroes who led the country to independence. They report that people feel that XCs fought the war, helped people gain freedom and that they are to be honored and appreciated. In Lakes state, certain community members expressed that the XCs can provide added protection from the government or from other conflicting parties. Many XCs are seen as people who can bring something with them to their communities—knowledge, skills, information from the rest of their country and the know-how to fight and protect themselves and others. Do you think that XCs find it harder, same or easier than other people of the same age to get a job? Why? When asked how difficult it is for XC to find employment compared to others of the same age, 224 individuals (28 per cent) asserted that it was ‘easier’ and 213 (26 per cent) maintained it was ‘harder’. Among those claiming the latter, the most common explanation was a lack of education or training. There was a slight variation between urban and rural sites; 29 per cent (136 individuals) in urban sites maintained that XCs find it ‘harder’ than other people of the same age to get a job versus 22 per cent (77 individuals) in rural sites. 38 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Interpreting Findings on Ex-Combatant Employment Prospects (1) Enumerators noted that some respondents felt XCs would have an easier time obtaining employment as they were considered to be ‘liberators,’ as they had developed skills through the DDR programme, and as they were more ‘civilised’ having spent time outside of their home village. Some thought they would find jobs in the government since they were connected to the state through the SPLA. Alternatively, some felt that they would have a harder time finding work as the skills they learned in vocational training (welding, carpentry) may not be overly applicable to the available opportunities. Do you feel that most people in this community treat XCs with more respect, the same amount of respect, or less respect than other people of similar age? A total of 439 respondents (54 per cent) maintained that most people in their community treat XC with the same amount of respect as other people of similar age, with 300 (37 per cent) claiming ‘more respect.’ A total of 772 (95 per cent) asserted that they support the DDR programme. 752 (93 per cent) claimed that they think most people in their community support vocational training as part of the program. A total of 618 respondents (72 per cent) maintained that community members were not jealous of XCs because of the training/ reintegration assistance and salary. Interpreting Findings on Ex-Combatant Employment Prospects (2) The supervisors and enumerators reported that the question on XC employment prospects upset a number of respondents, as it was interpreted that XCs may obtain jobs before civilians. Employment is a cause of heightened concern and it was expressed that people may have been more concerned after the survey that XCs may return to the areas on this basis. Do you feel that some community members are scared of XCs? When asked if certain community members are scared of XCs, the majority of respondents (618 individuals, 81 per cent) answered ‘no.’ A higher percentage of men (87 per cent, 230 respondents) answered ‘no’ to this question than women (78 per cent, 423 respondents) and this question varied across the seven sites; for instance, the highest percentage of those answering ‘no’ to this question occurred in Bagari (114 respondents, 97 per cent), followed by Mapel (108 respondents, 93 per cent), Ayuang (98 respondents, 84 per cent), Dong Mabior (91 respondents, 79 per cent), Kuajok (97 respondents, 84 per cent), Akuach (81 respondents, 70 per cent) and Matangai (64 respondents, 56 per cent). Findings between genders within each boma were similar to the overall findings on gender relating to this question. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 39 How often is there violent conflict in the area you live between ex-combatants and civilians? 763 respondents (94 per cent) claimed that there is ‘never’ violent conflict between XCs and civilians in the area they live, and this varied little by location, as demonstrated in Figure 22. Figure 22: Perceived frequency of violent conflict between XC and civilians Are you, or have you ever been, a member of the armed forces? Which one? Do you regret telling people this? 104 respondents (13 per cent) claimed that they were current/ former member of the armed forces. 102 of these individuals (98 per cent) reported that they have not gone through a formal DDR process. The most common group that these individuals belonged to was the SPLA (54 per cent), followed by the police (24 per cent) and SAF (11 per cent). A total of 43 of the 104 individuals (41 per cent) reported that they had told others they were currently/ formerly in the armed forces, and only 4 (9 per cent) claimed that they subsequently regretted this act. 40 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Comparison with the XC Survey: Ex-combatants 87 per cent of respondents in the XC survey claimed that families would welcome them once they returned from the Transitional Facility. Furthermore, a total of 86 per cent claimed that communities would be ‘totally’ accepting of them once they return, and 73 per cent responded similarly in the community survey. 36 per cent (98 individuals) of respondents from the XC survey maintained that it was more difficult for XC to obtain employment, compared to 26 per cent (213 individuals) in the community survey. Amongst those replying in the affirmative to this question, the most common explanation was a lack of education or training in both surveys. Ex-combatants in summary Community members on the whole have been accepting of returning XCs and a common perception observed in the field was that the XCs were often treated with respect and appreciation. Overwhelmingly respondents agreed that members of the community are not scared of the XCs. Most felt that it was not harder for XCs to gain employment and this differed slightly from those results found in the XC Survey, which might suggest inconsistent between community perceptions and what is actually happening. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 41 4. Conclusion This community survey, the parallel XC survey, and the respective tracers for these studies are undertaken to (a) understand the demographic characteristics, livelihood aspirations and social capital profiles of XCs and community members, (b) document the impacts of livelihood activities on ex-combatants and their communities, and (c) provide broader level information to NDDRC for use in documenting programme impacts in a post-pilot phase, and methods for improving programming, by adjusting livelihood and capacity building products and services. While the latter two objectives will be met through the tracer studies, this specific community study directly contributes to the understanding of community members. While the themes covered in this survey were wide-ranging, key findings included: XCs and DDR: • Overall, the respondents were very supportive of XCs, with 95 per cent (772 individuals) asserting that they support the DDR programme. • A total of 54 per cent (439 respondents) maintained that most people in their community treat XCs with the same amount of respect as other people of a similar age. Whilst this may promote integration, it may also result in tensions if XCs feel their service should allow them greater respect within their communities. Community context: • The XCs are returning to communities in which 76 per cent (612 respondents) claimed to feel ‘very safe’ in the areas in which they lived, compared to 3 per cent (27 respondents) who felt ‘very unsafe.’ • 43 per cent (345 respondents) maintained that they owned livestock, but 7 per cent (53 respondents) said that their household ‘always’ goes hungry, with 51 per cent (414 respondents) asserting that this ‘often’ occurs. • These are communities that have a sense of agency; 65 per cent (527 respondents) felt to ‘a large extent’ that they had the power to make important decisions that could change the course of their lives. This could mean that communities can and will take an active role in reintegration. • Many respondents (40 per cent) chose ‘not at all’ when asked if they think government and local leaders take into account concerns voiced by the community in regards to decisions that affect them. 42 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Security: • 49 per cent (294 respondents) maintained ‘lots of trust’ in ‘government employees in the SPLA’ and ‘government employees in the police service’ (365 respondents or 45 per cent), which may speak to the positive sentiment expressed around XCs more broadly. • 96 per cent (776 respondents) maintained that if they had a serious argument with someone else living in their area they would be able to resolve the problem without resorting to physical violence. • A total of 612 respondents (76 per cent) claimed to feel ‘very safe’ in the areas in which they lived, compared to 27 respondents (3 per cent) who felt ‘very unsafe.’ Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 43 Annex A: Methodology 1. Instrument Design The instrument was adapted from an earlier version used in the XC survey, with advice on changes being sought from the NDDRC, World Bank and ASI. The themes of the instrument covered: • General demographics (including martial status and education) • Livelihoods • Economics • Cooperatives • Social capital • Empowerment • Security • Ex-combatants The piloting of the instrument was done on the second day of the enumerator training with some staff of the Wau UN community. Additional edits were then made, taking into consideration feedback from the enumerators and the additional contextual knowledge garnered during the training. It is worth mentioning however, that because of the challenges with the instrument that occurred in the XC Survey, the team discussed the questions carefully in advance of the training with the NDDRC team and made continued adjustments based on the recommendations provided during meetings. In total, 811 community participants were surveyed within the timeframe. 2. Technology Integrity worked with a professional programmer to digitalise the survey to be uploaded on Samsung Galaxy tablets running FormHub on ODK, which had the following benefits: • Minimise the costs associated with administering surveys (saves on printing costs and minimises time); • Minimise data entry errors; • Upload data in real time (if internet is available) and compile in Excel for analysis. Very few issues were reported from the use of the tablets. Some cons included time spent programming the instrument, internet connectivity, battery power and the possibility of theft or damage but individuals were able to work through these issues. 44 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Enumerators were encouraged to take photographs with the tablets at their discretion and survey teams reported no technical issues with the tablets in the field. Supervisors uploaded on the weekends at the state offices of the NDDRC with special permission from the officials. In lieu of internet access, supervisors also reported their data collection numbers via SMS to the field coordinator in Wau and senior survey supervisor in Juba. 3. Training The senior survey supervisor led the training of 12 ICRS caseworkers and four survey supervisors over three days in Wau. The field survey coordinator assisted in the training of the technology. The enumerators had executed the prior XC Survey and thus had been briefed about the research and were therefore familiar with the objectives and type of questions. Moreover, the ICRS team has been involved in similar studies and was well equipped to undertake data collection for this project. The training was highly interactive and hands-on, while also encouraging team building between the state survey teams and supervisors. The enumerators were encouraged to ask questions, seek clarifications, challenge certain survey questions and discuss cultural attitudes that may have positive or negative effects on the survey procedure. Integrity allowed for ample feedback throughout the training, and day three provided additional time allotted to the specific needs and gaps of individual enumerators. 4. Sample Planning Northern Bahr el Ghazal only one urban site was surveyed due to the low number of XCs returning to this state. The state offices of the NDDRC selected the payams in which the research was undertaken purposefully with assistance from the relevant ASI state mentors and the national commission in Juba. The criteria for selection were based on the number of XCs anticipated returning to those locations. The Sampling Approach and Implications for the Findings It is necessary to note that the selected EAs are not intended to be representative of the four states. Representativeness would require the selection of considerably more EAs per state, far beyond the resource constraints of this project. The approach adopted for this research meets the project objectives through treating the selected EAs as ‘case studies,’ with the intention being to monitoring the extent to which findings change in each of these seven locations over time. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 45 Within each of the EAs, all households were mapped and numbered using chalk with the permission of the homeowners. 115 households were then chosen at random in each EA using a specifically designed tool that selects these as a function of the total number listed in these locations. The respondent within each household was randomly selected from those above the age of eighteen years, using a Kish Grid approach.3 If the selected respondent was not available during the first visit, the enumerators were instructed to return on one further designated occasion. If the respondent was still unavailable, the enumerators would proceed to the household to the right of the originally chosen home (double-checking that this was not a pre-selected household), using it as a substitute. The target numbers were achieved within the given time period, with enumerators averaging seven interviews per day. There were a total of 811 respondents—545 females and 266 males, ranging in age from 18 to 90 with an average age of 33. 465 respondents were surveyed in urban sites and 346 in rural sites, and respondents were evenly distributed across the seven boma (115 in Akuach, 117 in Ayuang, 118 in Bagari, 115 in Dong Mabior, 115 in Kuajok, 116 in Mapel and 115 Matangai.). See Annex E for more demographic information about the respondents. Kish Grids and Gender Bias in the Sample As is indicated in Annex A, there was a notable bias towards females (545) over males (266) within the sample. Kish Grids are commonly deemed to be the ‘weakest link’ in household surveys in environments such as South Sudan due to their complexity, leading to failures in the selection process at the doorstep. Nevertheless, Kish Grids are routinely used as they represent the best available approach. However, such failures typically result in samples that are biased towards males as head-of- households often assume responsibility for representing their families irrespective of whether or not they were selected though the Kish Grid. Indeed, in our judgement the Kish Grids worked as intended during the course of this research (with Matangai boma being a partial exception, as is discussed below, due to the issues relating to the disarmament campaign), and the bias towards females came about due primarily to there being a substantially greater female population in the field sites. While this trend occurs in many parts of the country, specific drivers of gender imbalance in the field locations included: • Warrap – Many of the residents were living as migrants for schooling and work from other states, notably Northern Bahr el Ghazal. Because it was the harvest season, many men had travelled back to their home villages in other locations to work in the fields for one to two months. In addition, due to extreme flooding, many men were absent with their cattle, having been forced to move to higher ground. • Northern Bahr el Ghazal – It was reported that the men had either gone to Juba seeking work or were in the cattle camps for extended periods of time. 3 Kish Grids are applied as the standard technique through which to randomly select respondents within households. This process usually involves using a pre-designed tool to select a respondent as a function of (a) the number of household members (18+) and (b) the questionnaire sheet number. However, as this survey relied upon tablets (i.e. rather than paper questionnaires that can be easily numbered) the approach was adapted so that the household number established during the mapping phase replaced the sheet number. 46 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation • Western Bahr el Ghazal – A number of men had lost their lives in the recent tribal conflict, and others had picked up arms and were hiding or fighting in the bush, as reported by the enumerators. While there is a degree of ambiguity, in most of these instances the males are absent for sufficiently long periods of time, so they do not qualify as household members using standard definitions relating to sleeping/ eating within the selected locations. In any case, the implications of this gender imbalance for the findings are limited as this bias was relatively consistent between locations, with the exception of Ayuang where there were actually marginally more men (62 males compared to 54 females), thus not undermining the ability to draw comparative conclusions across these sites. More importantly, however, the gender of the respondent had only a trivial impact upon the responses given to the vast majority of questions, or, put another way, males and females tended to respond in a very similar manner, and thus the bias likely had only a minimal impact on the results. 5. Sensitisation Due to the sensitive nature of DDR and the diversity of communities where implementation was planned, a process of explanation and introductions is a necessary stage for the survey. This is referred to as ‘sensitisation.’ Household surveys can be quite intrusive, therefore gaining support from community members, appropriate officials and local leaders is essential to have access in the communities. Likewise, in areas where conflict and tension are present, the survey teams require a certain level of security and access that is best facilitated by local law enforcement or tribal leaders. Community sensitisation was a key component of survey preparation and implementation, and this issue was discussed in detail during the training. Awareness raising and introductions were conducted on many levels, from the state offices of the NDDRC to the local chiefs. Sensitisation often included the explanation of the survey and its purpose in gathering the opinions of community members about XCs in regards to: • How are XCs received in the community; • Relationship and integration into the community; • Livelihoods; • Their contribution to community development. There is a possibility that sensitisation could have created a bias among respondents. If community members feel as though the interview is highly important, as communicated by their elders and leaders, they might tend to give more of a tailored or expected response, usually on the positive side. A possible way to mitigate this in the future is for leaders to explain to communities that it is essential that we garner honest responses, which will be kept confidential, as these will lead to improvements in the DDR processes. Annex B discusses the specific sensitisation processes that occurred in each of the seven sites. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 47 6. Implementation Some teams had to go through the local government, while others relied on tribal authorities. The team in Kuajok was required to gain the cooperation of local law enforcement to allow for their passage into the EA. Introduction letters from the NDDRC and the accompaniment of personnel from the state offices of the NDDRC played a crucial role in teams gaining access to the communities. Once support was gained from the appropriate individuals, teams reported that they were mostly well received by community members who were eager to participate, and indeed most community members wanted to be interviewed. There seemed to be no objections to their homes being numbered with chalk during the mapping period. Survey teams were required to explain the procedure and purpose of random selection. Sometimes community members complained that their households were skipped during the interviews and blamed local authorities for discrimination. This required intervention from the supervisors and leaders to explain the professional methodology. Occasionally, community members were confused on what they should expect as a result of the survey, such as future projects or assistance, and the enumerators had to explain that no direct project would result from their participation or the answers gathered, but rather that the responses would potentially help improve the DDR processes. Quality Assurance in the Field With the objective of ensuring rigour, during the fieldwork the supervisors were responsible for: • Monitoring: 10 per cent of the interviews were monitored by the field supervisors in their entirety. • Back-checking: 15 per cent of interviews were ‘back-checked’ within 24 hours, a process involving the supervisor returning to the household to ensure that the answers were recorded correctly. • Examination of responses: All survey entries were examined shortly after interview completion by the supervisors to check for similar answers, unexpected responses and other potential anomalies. All survey teams faced the daunting task of traveling house to house during the rainy season. This was a challenge during the sensitisation, mapping and surveying procedures. Rain erased many of the chalk number markings on the homes, making the task additionally difficult. Some urban boma were more rural in character even though they were located in the urban state capital. The layout of the boma determined the distance enumerators walked between homes and the environment they had to travel within. There were many reports of torrential rains, extreme mud, stagnant water and difficult walks. The teams required gumboots and plastic sleeve covers for their tablets and papers and occasionally had to 48 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation pause work during heavy rains so as not to expose the participants or their survey equipment to the water. Enumerators approached the homes and conducted the formal introductions and gained consent to proceed with the selection and interviews. Occasionally, participants asked for something in return for their time and cooperation. Enumerators attempted to manage expectations from the beginning and used practiced techniques to avoid this type of reaction. It was reported by team members in Aweil that they were so welcomed into the homes that many offered them drinking water. In the rural Warrap site, the boma was so enthusiastic towards the arrival of the team that the offered a goat to roast upon completion of the survey exercise. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 49 Annex B: Field Locations & Processes 1. Lakes State 1.1 Urban Site – Rumbek town, Akuach Boma The urban enumeration site was the settlements along Rumbek Wulu road around the area of the Rumbek State Assembly, 500 metres from Rumbek market centre south, in a boma known as Akuach. The people are mostly Dinka and the mother tongue was used predominately during the surveys, with occasional use of Arabic. The area was typically urban, simplifying the mapping and survey process. For sensitisation the teams met with the state office of the NDDRC, the director of CID, payam director, local chiefs and payam security personnel. President Salva Kiir had visited Rumbek the day of the survey start. He spoke to the people about peaceful DDR and encouraged their participation in reintegration efforts. This may have affected the survey findings, as people were very willing to take part and responded very positively about their perceptions of XCs. 1.2 Rural Site – Matangai Boma The rural enumeration area was in the village settlements along Rumbek Cueibet, Wau road, 11km north of Rumbek town, in a boma called Matangai. Dinka is the dominant tribe in the area, with all surveys conducted in the native language. There was a recent intra-ethnic conflict in Matangai between two Dinka clans, the people from Cueibet and those from Rumbek. Many people were killed last year in these clashes and though much of the fighting has stopped, the situation remains tense and there is a sense of distrust. A unique phenomenon emerged in this area caused by the current controversial state politics in Lakes. Some of the controversial policies of the governor of Lakes state have included a civic disarmament initiative where citizens are being stripped of weapons by local authorities. Upon hearing that a team connected with the DDR processes was to be arriving in the village, many of the men fled to nearby hiding places, thinking that our team was coming to take away these arms. These men hid in the bush nearby or within their homes. The enumerators often observed this behaviour but had difficulty convincing these men or their families that they were not there to disarm them. Sensitisation was conducted with the payam director, local chiefs and payam security. A meeting was also held with the director of CID upon his request to learn more about the survey process. 50 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 2. Northern Bahr el Ghazal State 2.1 Urban Site – Aweil town, Ayuang Boma Only one site was chosen in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, due to the comparatively low numbers of XCs reintegrating in the state. The urban site was located in Aweil town, in the western part of the city, in a boma called Ayuang. Ayuang is the largest boma in the town, situated near Aweil TV, bordering Malou Aweer in the northwest, Zirah in the northeast and Mathiang in the south. The tribal makeup is dominantly Dinka, with interviews being conducted in the native language and Arabic. The area is peaceful, the teams were warmly received, and there was no pushback from officials or community members. Sensitisation took place with the staff of the state NDDRC offices, the town mayor, the payam administrator and deputy. The team felt pressure to provide a minimal stipend to the officials to compensate for their time and efforts. The deputy payam administrator assisted with the mapping and sensitisation of the community members. Other surveys and assessments had been implemented in the area prior and community members were curious as to whether a project would follow. 3. Warrap State 3.1 Urban Site – Kuajok town, Kuaj Payam The urban enumeration site located in western Kuajok town was in the Kuaj North payam in two areas called Gumel and Majak-Amal. The community is located near the Ministry of Information, Police station on new Khartoum Road and St. Bakita Primary School and Church. In the midst of the rainy season, Kuajok town was experiencing heavy flooding which created access and logistical problems for the teams. Due to stagnant water, mosquitos and bushy grasses and trees, movement was slow. The sensitisation process began with the state NDDRC office, the payam local authority and the Mayen Gumel policemen. The Warrap Police Commissioner used an existing communication system in the town to inform the law enforcement agencies in the area that the survey team would be working and to provide necessary support. 3.2 Rural Site – Dong Mabior Boma The chosen rural enumeration site was located in Yithliet Village of Gogrial West County along the Wau-Kuajok Road, in a boma called Dong Mabior. The team had difficulties marking the homes during the mapping due to constant rains and flooding. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 51 Sensitisation was conducted with the payam administrator who assigned one community member to move with the team during the mapping and data collection process. 4. Western Bahr el Ghazal State 4.1 Urban Site – Wau town, Bagari Boma The original chosen site was deemed inaccessible after the first attempt at mapping. Stagnant water, sparse population and households between 200-300 metres apart created obstacles that would have prevented the team from accomplishing their targets in the designated timeline. The replacement urban site was located in Ngomba B village in Bagari boma. The area was swampy with thick forests, vast pieces of unutilised land and other lands cultivating groundnuts. Roads were inaccessible due to heavy rains and residents waded through stagnant water without shoes carrying their bicycles. Charcoal burning was reported as one of the main income generating activities for men and teenagers in the area. The Balanda tribe dominates the area. A community leader accompanied each of the enumerators during the initial period to eliminate suspicion from the residents who may have had concerns relating to recent insecurity. The chiefs took responsibility for marking homes that were uninhabited at the time of the initial visit. The community leaders required lunch and water to be purchased for them daily. A majority of the residents were women and children due to a high number of male casualties during a tribal war between the Balanda and Dinka last December and tensions remain high. The three Dinka enumerators were met with a degree of suspicion on occasions, and the team required the intervention of the community leaders to ease the concerns of the community members. Overall, the participants were willing to be interviewed, especially the women and older men who felt that participating would lead to positive change for the community. Sensitisation was conducted with the state NDDRC office, the state National Bureau of Statistics, and with county chiefs and other community leaders. 4.2 Rural Site – Mapel Boma The original rural site chosen by the state NDDRC office was deemed unfit because of a small population and a long distance between houses, which would have staggered fieldwork. In consultation with the NDDRC, Mapel was chosen as a suitable substitution. Mapel is located 75km or a 2.5-hour drive from Wau town and borders Mapel SPLA training college and armed forces barracks. Due to the location of the SPLA facility, responses from this area may have a unique perspective on the DDR process and XCs. 52 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Sensitisation was conducted with the Mapel payam administrator, the village chief and two assistant chiefs who cautioned against trespassing through the military barracks. They also warned the team about the frequent drunk and armed soldiers in the village and ensured that an official was present for the mapping exercise. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 53 Annex C: Limitations of the Survey All survey data must be treated with caution, as certain interviewees may be tempted to provide false or misleading responses. In particular, Social Desirability Bias, the tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably by others, is a repeated and somewhat unavoidable concern.4 In addition, as is discussed in more detail in the analysis section of this report, some informants viewed research team members as potential gatekeepers of material support and thus may have misrepresented their personal circumstances. Community leaders should be encouraged to promote honest feedback in future iterations of the survey to help in addressing Social Desirability Bias. As noted in Annex D: Recommendations, with quantitative data alone, it is difficult to gain nuanced information. This can be achieved by applying a mixed methods approach involving qualitative and quantitative research. 4 Social Desirability Bias and the Validity of Indirect Questioning. Robert J. Fisher, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 20, No. 2, Sep. 1993. 54 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Annex D: Survey Recommendations One of the objectives of the study was to propose recommendations for future phases of this research. While a key objective of this research is to identify programmatic recommendations (i.e. that relate directly to DDR), these will only really be possible during later waves of research that are able to identify impacts of the programme and the general reintegration processes. Thus, the recommendations relate only to methodology, sampling, instrument design and research implementation. We suggest future surveys implanted by the NDDRC consult these recommendations in the planning stages. 1. Methodology Quantitative data of this nature is specifically not designed to collect nuanced information that could be hugely beneficial to a research programme of this nature to add a certain 'colour' only achievable through qualitative research. Integrity is a strong advocate of mixed methods approaches and recommends that future studies should be supplemented by interviews and focus group discussion in order to provide additional detail in the findings. In particular, qualitative research can: • Add nuance to the survey data • Provide hypotheses that may explain certain findings We believe that both of these aims can be better achieved in the future through incorporating mixed methods into the research programme, including in particular focus group discussions and informant interviews. Interviews and focus groups provide a far more suitable means through which to generate the detail provided by open questions. 2. Sampling • Kish Grids: There was a bias in the sample towards females. While this may be partly attributable to issues with the Kish Grids (in particular in the case of Matangai, as previously discussed), for the most part this occurred because females were numerically dominant in the field sites. There may be a temptation to revise the methods at the doorstep in light of the limited number of males within the sample, but we argue against this measure as: 1. This would undermine the representativeness of the sample (i.e. there ought to be more females in the sample). Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 55 2. Changes in the methods would undermine the extent to which rigorous comparisons will be possible with subsequent waves of data. 3. The impact of the numerical superiority of women in the sample is seemingly minimal in that the responses to most questions were not dependent to any great extent upon gender. The ongoing use of the Kish Grid technique is recommended to provide consistency in methods so that future comparative analysis is possible. 3. Instrument Design • Open Questions: Open questions within quantitative surveys are time-consuming to administer (requiring the enumerators to record longer answers across large samples) and analyse (requiring the complex process of post-coding). They also provide inconsistent value in that considerable nuanced information is inevitably lost between the interview and the delivery of the final results, and in many cases it proves impossible to meaningfully post- code the data provided. However, this is certainly not to suggest that open questions are without value, and we feel that good balance was struck in this instrument. More broadly, however, it is suggested that qualitative research should accompany quantitative surveys as interviews and focus groups provide a far more suitable means through which to generate the detail provided by open questions. These qualitative methods would be used in addition to the quantitative surveys administered with limited open-ended questions. • Skip Patterns: Given repeated evidence in the data of skip instructions failing to work, ensure the instruments are correctly programmed by allowing more time for the pilot and making minor changes to the tool prior to conducting data collection in the communities. • Explaining Concepts: Enumerators felt that many questions lacked a gentle introduction to the concept prior to the questioning. This was applicable in particular to the concept of cooperatives, which was generally poorly understood. • Sensitive Phrasing: This was especially true of the questions surrounding poverty, where it may have been construed as impolite in Dinka culture to forwardly ask questions on this theme. Therefore, in future surveys, additional time may needed with the enumerators translating and back translating questions and certain specific concepts so that they feel comfortable addressing these topics in a culturally-sensitive. 56 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation From the Community Baseline Survey: Recommendations QH2: Amendment: The current question on community acceptance of XC (QH2) is somewhat undermined through implicitly assuming that XC had returned to each of the boma. In future iterations of this research QH2 should be preceded by an additional question specifically asking if XC had returned, and then a ‘skip’ instruction can be introduced into the instrument so that those responding in the negative will not be asked about how they are accepted. As it is phrased the current preceding question cannot serve this function as it asks about returnees specifically within ‘the past two years.’ 4. Survey Implementation • Transport: Relying on UN flights can be problematic. It is necessary to have a window of flexibility for supervisors and enumerators traveling to the states. Road transport should be planned for as a backup when feasible and safe. • Rainy Season: The rainy season should be considered when planning such surveys as adverse weather can make it difficult to move between homes and towns. Additionally, men may be gone to their home lands during the harvest or seeking higher grounds for their cattle or in cattle camps. January would be an ideal time for this research. • Sensitisation: Ample time should be allowed for the sensitisation process with appropriate authorities (i.e. local government, law enforcement, tribal authorities, chiefs, etc.), and time should also be allowed for the necessary procedures to collect letters and authorisation. • Mapping: Ample time should be allocated for the mapping process, considering the natural obstacles that often exist. More broadly, the environmental challenges of selected EA should be considered in advance, e.g. teams trekking from households may need gum boots and equipment to protect their material. Occasionally, teams requested motorcycles to go from home to home when they were particularly far apart. • ID Badges: The enumerators should have ID badges that are worn at all times and carry introduction letters to present during sensitisation or to authorities. • Research Team Composition: The dominant language of the EA should be a key consideration in the makeup of the research team. Not all respondents speak Arabic or Dinka, and the presence of team members from certain ethnic groups can cause issues in certain locations (see the profile on Bagari in Annex B, section 4.1). • Technological Considerations: Internet is difficult to find in most states. Backup USB modems can be used with some reliability. Likewise, electricity is unpredictable so backup batteries and extension cords can be used to charge multiple tablets with one power outlet. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 57 • Pre-Prepared Scripts: A process should be established for managing expectations within households visited. Specifically, this will help prepare members of the research team to better explain that this survey is not going to be followed by specific projects aimed to assist the communities in which the research took place. 58 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Annex E: Respondent Demographics Gender Female Male Total Akuach 86 29 115 Ayuang 54 62 116 Bagari 73 45 118 Dong Mabior 83 32 115 Kuajok 82 33 115 Mapel 78 38 116 Matangai 89 26 115 Total 545 265 810 Age Age 18 to 25 Age 26 to 40 Age 41 to 55 Age 55+ Total Akuach 38 54 20 3 115 Ayuang 47 42 11 17 117 Bagari 35 50 22 11 118 Dong Mabior 36 58 12 9 115 Kuajok 52 48 10 5 115 Mapel 28 65 17 6 116 Matangai 26 59 24 6 115 Total 262 376 116 57 811 Never Marital Status Divorced Monogam. Polygam. Widowed Total Married Akuach 3 66 15 29 2 115 Ayuang 3 61 34 14 5 117 Bagari 6 88 15 2 7 118 Dong Mabior 1 77 12 17 8 115 Kuajok 0 78 21 9 7 115 Mapel 0 93 10 8 5 116 Matangai 0 64 16 28 7 115 Total 13 527 123 107 41 811 Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 59 Partner Never No Don’t No Yes Total Inherited Married Response Know Akuach 84 15 15 1 115 Ayuang 81 2 34 117 Bagari 96 6 15 1 118 Dong Mabior 79 22 12 2 115 Kuajok 76 18 21 115 Mapel 97 9 10 116 Matangai 61 38 16 115 Total 574 110 123 2 2 811 Highest Some Some None Pre-Sch. Higher Other Total Education Primary Second. Akuach 48 0 49 16 2 0 115 Ayuang 18 1 49 40 8 0 116 Bagari 39 0 62 14 3 0 118 Dong Mabior 79 0 28 8 0 0 115 Kuajok 50 0 46 16 3 0 115 Mapel 69 0 41 6 0 0 116 Matangai 77 2 23 9 0 4 115 Total 380 3 298 109 16 4 810 60 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Annex F: Community Baseline Survey Instrument South Sudan Pilot DDR Community Baseline Survey HELLO SIR / MADAM, MY NAME IS ______________________ AND I AM WORKING ON BEHALF OF THE SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DISARMAMENT, DEMBOLIZATION AND REINTEGRATION COMMISSION (NDDRC). WE ARE CONDUCTING A SURVEY FOR THE NDDRCIN ORDER TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND WHAT COMMUNITY MEMBERSTHINK OF EX-COMBATANTS RETURNING AND REINTEGRATING INTO THE COMMUNITY. THE INFORMATION COLLECTED IN THIS SURVEY IS CONFIDENTIAL. WE ARE GETTINGINFORMATION FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF INFORMANTS, AND YOUR OPINION IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO US, SO THAT WE CAN DEVELOP A COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING IN THIS AREA. ARE YOU CURRENTLY IN THE DDR PROGAM THAT JUST FINISHED IN MAPEL? (IF SO, WE CANNOT PROCEED WITH THE INTERVIEW, THANK YOU.) No. Label Responses Hint Required Other SECTION A: General & Demographic A1 Date of Interview Record Day Yes 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May A2 Month of Interview 6. June Record Month Yes 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December A3 Location Enter GIS coordinates Yes Record local landmarks (e.g. notable buildings, or those with specific characteristics, cross- A4 Location Landmarks roads, prominent Yes geographical features,) and their location in relation to the selected household. Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 61 1. Thatch roof/mud walls 2. Mud/daub and wattle 3. Iron sheeting A5 Housing Type 4. Permanent House Record Housing Type Yes 5. Apartment 6. Grass side house 7. Tent 8. Other Record Enumerator A6 Enumerator Name Yes Name Enumeration Area Record Enumeration A7 PRECODED ONCE Yes Number Area SELECTED A8 Boma Name PRECODED ONCE SELECTED 1. Lakes 2. Warrap A9 State Name Record State Name Yes 3. Northern Bahr el Ghazal 4. Western Bahr el Ghazal A10 Respondent Gender 1. Male Record Gender Yes 2. Female A11 What is your age? Record Age Yes 1. Married monogamous 2. Married polygamous IF ‘5’ / 3. Divorced/ separated ‘6’ / ‘7’ What is your current A12 Record one response Yes SKIP marital status? 4. Widowed TO 5. Never married A14 6. Don’t know 7. Other Has your partner / 1. Yes A13 any of your partners 2. No Record one response Yes been inherited? 3. Don’t know 4. No response 62 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Preschool 2. P1 3. P2 4. P3 5. P4 6. P5 7. P6 8. P7 What is the highest 9. P8 A14 level of education 10. Secondary 1 Record one response Yes you have completed? 11. Secondary 2 12. Secondary 3 13. Secondary 4 14. Post-secondary diploma program 15. University 16. None 17. Other 18. Don’t know 19. No response How many people A15 Record number Yes live in this house? SECTION B: Livelihoods 1. I own it 2. Spouse / partner Who owns the 3. Joint ownership with Read responses (except housing structure spouse / partner B1 ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record Yes you are currently 4. Family / relatives one living in? 5. Non-family members 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response If ‘2’ / Does your household 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ B2 have land that you 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP grow crops on? 3. Don’t know to QB8 4. No response Is the land that you 1. Owned by family grow crops on owned 2. Communal B3 by your household, Record one response Yes 3. Rented rented, or is it 4. Don’t know communal? 5. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 63 Still thinking If ‘3’ specifically about the SKIP land your household 1. More land to uses to grow crops, Read responses (except QB6. If 2. Same amount of land B4 do you use more ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes ‘2’ / ‘4’ 3. Less land land, the same one / ‘5’ 4. Don’t know amount of land, or SKIP 5. No response less land compared to to two years ago? QB7. 1. Inherited land 2. Bought land Read responses (except Why do you now use 3. Used previously SKIP B5 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes more land? unused land toQB7 one 4. Other 5. Don’t know 6. No response 1. Insufficient time to use land 2. Insufficient resources to cultivate 3. Others have taken Read responses (except Why do you now use B6 some land I used ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record Yes less land? 4. Often inaccessible due one to conflict 5. Some land was sold 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response Does your household 1. Yes sell some of the B7 2. No Record one response Yes crops grown on this 3. Don’t know land? 4. No response Excluding poultry, 1. Yes B8 does your household 2. No Record one response Yes have any livestock? 3. Don’t know 4. No response If ‘2’ / Do any members of 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ your household fish B9 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP to gain food for your 3. Don’t know to family? 4. No response QB11. Does anyone in your 1. Yes household sell some B10 2. No Record one response Yes of the fish they 3. Don’t know catch? 4. No response 64 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Always Do people in your 2. Often Read responses (except household B11 3. Seldom ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes sometimes go 4. Never one hungry? 5. Don’t know 6. No response SECTION C: Economics 1. Food 2. Health expenses What do you spend 3. Education most of your C1 4. Business expenditure Record one response Yes household income 5. Pay rent on? 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response What do you do to C2 make money for your Record open response Yes family? In your community, what is the most C3 common way for Record open response Yes people to make money? Have you ever considered leaving 1. Yes C4 your home to look for 2. No Record one response Yes a job in South 3. Don’t know Sudan? 4. No response Have you ever If ‘2’ / 1. Yes applied for micro- ‘3’ / ‘4’ C5 2. No Record one response Yes credit from a financial SKIP 3. Don’t know institution? to QC9 4. No response Was/were any of 1. Yes C6 your application(s) 2. No Record one response Yes successful? 3. Don’t know 4. No response At the end of each month, does your household usually 1. Usually have money left over meet its expenses? Read responses (except 2. Usually have just C7 Do you usually have ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes enough money left over, 3. Usually short of money one have just enough 4. Don’t know money, or are you 5. No response short of money? Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 65 Do you feel that your 1. Better finances than finances are better other families than most other 2. About the same Read responses (except families in the area, C8 finances ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes about the same, or 3. Worse finances than one worse than most other families other families in the 4. Don’t know area? 5. No response In the near future, do you think that the 1. Improve economic situation Read responses (except 2. Stay about the same C9 will improve for your ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. Get worse household, stay one 4. Don’t know about the same, or 5. No response get worse? SECTION D: Cooperatives I am now going to ask you about economic cooperatives. By economic cooperatives, I mean a group of people 1. Yes D1 who form a business 2. No Record one response Yes together and share 3. Don’t know the profits. Have you 4. No response heard of any economic cooperatives operating in your local area? To what extent do you feel that you are 1. Very familiar familiar with the type 2. Somewhat familiar Read responses (except of work that 3. Somewhat unfamiliar D2 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes economic 4. Very unfamiliar one cooperatives do, and 5. Don’t know how they are 6. No response organized? Are you currently a If ‘2’ / 1. Yes member of an ‘3’ / ‘4’ D3 2. No Record one response Yes economic SKIP 3. Don’t know cooperative? to QD5 4. No response 66 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Agriculture 2. Fishing 3. Manufacturing / crafts / What type of workers Read responses(except SKIP D4 economic 4. Business / ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes to QD8 cooperative is this? entrepreneurial responses given 5. Sanduk / savings / loan 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response Were you a member If ‘2’ / 1. Yes of an economic ‘3’ / ‘4’ D5 2. No Record one response Yes cooperative SKIP 3. Don’t know previously? to QD9 4. No response 1. Agriculture 2. Fishing 3. Manufacturing / crafts / What type of workers Read responses (except economic D6 4. Business / ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes cooperative was entrepreneurial responses given this? 5. Sanduk / savings / loan 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response 1. Cooperative no longer exists 2. Social issues, like trust Why did you stop 3. Did not make a profit Read responses (except being a member of D7 4. Found another job ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes the economic 5. Lack of capital responses given cooperative? 6. Insecurity or dislocation 7. Don’t know 8. No response Do you feel that 1. Benefitted a lot through your economically membership of an 2. Benefitted a little Read responses (except economic D8 economically ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes cooperative your 3. Did not benefit one household benefited economically economically a lot, a 4. Don’t know little, or not at all? 5. No response Do you think that you may be interested in 1. Yes D9 joining an economic 2. No Record one response Yes cooperative in the 3. Don’t know future? 4. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 67 SECTION E: Social Capital 1. Women 2. Youth What kind of social 3. Religious If ‘8’ / 4. Veterans Read responses except groups or ‘9’ / ‘9’ and ’10.’ Choose all E1 committees are you 5. Community Yes ’10,’ that apply; specify ‘7’ aware of in your 6. Sports SKIP Other. community? 7. Other to QE3 8. None 9. Don’t know 10. No response 1. Women 2. Youth 3. Religious 4. Veterans Read responses except Which of these are 5. Community ‘9’ and ’10.’ Choose all E2 Yes you a member of? 6. Sports that apply; specify ‘7’ 7. Other Other. 8. None 9. Don’t know 10. No response I am going to ask you a few questions about your friends, and relations in your community. Of your 1. Most friends, how many 2. Some Read responses (except are ex-combatants? 3. Few E3 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes By that I mean how 4. None one many are former 5. Don’t know members of the 6. No response SPLA, police, wildlife forces, fire brigade, prison services, and other armed groups? 1. Family 2. Friends 3. Community leaders 4. Religious institutions If you encounter an 5. A formal bank Read responses (except economic problem, 6. Sanduk E4 ‘11’ and ‘12’) and record Yes whom would you first 7. A micro-lending institution one turn to for help? 8. A cooperative 9. Other 10. No-one 11. Don’t know 12. No response 68 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation I am going to list a series of people, and I would like you to tell me the extent to 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E5 which you trust them. ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust To what extent do 4. Don’t know one you trust your 5. No response community elders or tribal authority? To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E6 you trust men who ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust are your age mates? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E7 you trust women who ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust are your age mates? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E8 you trust people you ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust work with? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except To what extent do 2. Little trust E9 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes you trust teenagers? 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except you trust government 2. Little trust E10 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes employees in the 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one SPLA? 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except you trust government 2. Little trust E11 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes employees in the 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one police service? 5. No response If you disagree with what everyone else 1. Mostly ‘yes’ 2. Sometimes ‘yes’ Read responses (except in your area agreed E12 3. Occasionally ‘yes’ ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes on, would you 4. Mostly ‘no’ one express your opinion 5. Don’t know in public? 6. No response SECTION F: Empowerment Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 69 To what extent do you feel that you 1. A large extent have the power to 2. A medium extent Read responses (except F1 make important ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record 3. A small extent Yes decisions that can one 4. Don’t know change the course of 5. No response your life? In the past year, how often have you joined 1. Never other people to 2. Once Read responses (except express concerns to 3. Between two and five F2 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record government officials times Yes one or local leaders on 4. More than five times issues benefiting the 5. Don’t know community? 6. No response To what extent do you think that local government and local leaders take 1. A lot Read responses (except into account 2. A little F3 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record concerns voiced by 3. Not at all Yes one your community 4. Don’t know when they make 5. No response decisions that affect you? SECTION G: Security 1. Very safe How safe do you feel 2. Somewhat safe Read responses (except G1 now in the area 3. Somewhat unsafe ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes where you live? 4. Very unsafe one 5. Don’t know 6. No response If you and someone else in the area you live were to have a 1. Yes serious argument, G2 2. No Record one response would you be able to Yes 3. Don’t know resolve the problem 4. No response without resorting to physical violence? 70 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Do you think that having ex- combatants living in 1. Safer a community makes 2. No difference G3 it safer, makes no Record one response 3. Less safe Yes difference to safety, 4. Don’t know or makes the 5. No response community less safe? SECTION H: Ex-Combatants I am now going to ask you a series of questions about ex- combatants, by 1. Many which I mean former 2. A few Read responses (except members of the SPLA H1 3. Not very many ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record or other armed Yes 4. None one groups. How many ex- 5. Don’t know combatants have 6. No response returned to this community in the past two years? 1. Very accepting How accepting have 2. Somewhat accepting people in your Read responses (except 3. Somewhat H2 community been of ex- ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record unaccepting Yes combatants when they one 4. Very unaccepting return? 5. Don’t know 6. No response Do you think that ex- IF‘2’ / combatants find it 1. Harder ‘3’ / ‘4’ / harder, same or easier 2. Same ‘5’ H3 Record one response than other people of 3. Easier Yes SKIP the same age to get a 4. Don’t know TO job? 5. No response QH5 1. Lack of education, training or skills Why do you think that Do not read responses 2. Lack of contacts in H4 ex-combatants find it and record all responses the community Yes harder to get a job? given 3. Other 4. Don’t know 5. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 71 Do you feel that most people in this 1. More respect community treat ex- 2. The same amount of combatants with more H5 respect Record one response respect, the same Yes 3. Less respect amount of respect, or 4. Don’t know less respect than other 5. No response people of similar age? Do you support the Disarmament, 1. Yes H6 Demobization and 2. No Record one response Yes Reintegration 3. Don’t know program? 4. No response Do you think that most people in this community support 1. Yes vocational training as 2. No H7 part of the Record one response 3. Don’t know Yes Disarmament, 4. No response Demobization Reintegration program? Do you believe that some people in this community are jealous 1. Yes of ex-combatants H8 2. No Record one response because they have Yes 3. Don’t know received 4. No response training/reintegration assistance and salary? Do you feel that some 1. Yes community members H9 2. No Record one response are scared of ex- Yes 3. Don’t know combatants? 4. No response 1. Never 2. About once a year 3. About two to four How often is there times a year violent conflict in the Read responses (except 4. About five to ten time H10 area you live between ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record a year Yes ex-combatants and one 5. About once a month civilians? 6. Several times a month 7. Don’t know 8. No response 72 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation IF ‘2’ / 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ Are you, or have you 2. No CONC H11 ever been, a member Record one response Yes LUDE of the armed forces? 3. Don’t know INTER 4. No response VIEW 1. SPLA 2. Police Read responses (except Which armed group did H12 3. SAF ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record you belong to? Yes 4. Other armed groups one 5. Don’t know 6. No response IF 2/3/4 Do you tell others that 1. Yes SKIP H13 you were formerly in 2. No Record one response Yes TO the armed forces? 3. Don’t know H16 4. No response Are there some people you regret telling that 1. Yes IF 2/3/4 H14 you are a current or ex- 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP member of the armed 3. Don’t know TO forces? 4. No response H16 Why do you regret H15 Record open response telling them? Yes IF 2/3/4 Have you gone through SKIP a formal process of 1. Yes TO H16 Disarmament, 2. No Record one response CONC Yes Demobilization and 3. Don’t know LUDE Reintegration? 4. No response INTER VIEW When did you take part in the Disarmament, H17 Record open response Demobilization and Yes Reintegration process? Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 73 Annex F: Community Baseline Survey Instrument South Sudan Pilot DDR Community Baseline Survey HELLO SIR / MADAM, MY NAME IS ______________________ AND I AM WORKING ON BEHALF OF THE SOUTH SUDAN NATIONAL DISARMAMENT, DEMBOLIZATION AND REINTEGRATION COMMISSION (NDDRC). WE ARE CONDUCTING A SURVEY FOR THE NDDRCIN ORDER TO HELP THEM UNDERSTAND WHAT COMMUNITY MEMBERSTHINK OF EX-COMBATANTS RETURNING AND REINTEGRATING INTO THE COMMUNITY. THE INFORMATION COLLECTED IN THIS SURVEY IS CONFIDENTIAL. WE ARE GETTINGINFORMATION FROM A WIDE VARIETY OF INFORMANTS, AND YOUR OPINION IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO US, SO THAT WE CAN DEVELOP A COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING IN THIS AREA. ARE YOU CURRENTLY IN THE DDR PROGAM THAT JUST FINISHED IN MAPEL? (IF SO, WE CANNOT PROCEED WITH THE INTERVIEW, THANK YOU.) No. Label Responses Hint Required Other SECTION A: General & Demographic A1 Date of Interview Record Day Yes 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May A2 Month of Interview 6. June Record Month Yes 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December A3 Location Enter GIS coordinates Yes Record local landmarks (e.g. notable buildings, or those with specific characteristics, cross- A4 Location Landmarks roads, prominent Yes geographical features,) and their location in relation to the selected household. 74 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Thatch roof/mud walls 2. Mud/daub and wattle 3. Iron sheeting A5 Housing Type 4. Permanent House Record Housing Type Yes 5. Apartment 6. Grass side house 7. Tent 8. Other Record Enumerator A6 Enumerator Name Yes Name Enumeration Area Record Enumeration A7 PRECODED ONCE Yes Number Area SELECTED A8 Boma Name PRECODED ONCE SELECTED 1. Lakes 2. Warrap A9 State Name Record State Name Yes 3. Northern Bahr el Ghazal 4. Western Bahr el Ghazal A10 Respondent Gender 1. Male Record Gender Yes 2. Female A11 What is your age? Record Age Yes 1. Married monogamous 2. Married polygamous IF ‘5’ / 3. Divorced/ separated ‘6’ / ‘7’ What is your current A12 Record one response Yes SKIP marital status? 4. Widowed TO 5. Never married A14 6. Don’t know 7. Other Has your partner / 1. Yes A13 any of your partners 2. No Record one response Yes been inherited? 3. Don’t know 4. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 75 1. Preschool 2. P1 3. P2 4. P3 5. P4 6. P5 7. P6 8. P7 What is the highest 9. P8 A14 level of education 10. Secondary 1 Record one response Yes you have completed? 11. Secondary 2 12. Secondary 3 13. Secondary 4 14. Post-secondary diploma program 15. University 16. None 17. Other 18. Don’t know 19. No response How many people A15 Record number Yes live in this house? SECTION B: Livelihoods 1. I own it 2. Spouse / partner Who owns the 3. Joint ownership with Read responses (except housing structure spouse / partner B1 ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record Yes you are currently 4. Family / relatives one living in? 5. Non-family members 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response If ‘2’ / Does your household 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ B2 have land that you 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP grow crops on? 3. Don’t know to QB8 4. No response Is the land that you 1. Owned by family grow crops on owned 2. Communal B3 by your household, Record one response Yes 3. Rented rented, or is it 4. Don’t know communal? 5. No response 76 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Still thinking If ‘3’ specifically about the SKIP land your household 1. More land to uses to grow crops, Read responses (except QB6. If 2. Same amount of land B4 do you use more ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes ‘2’ / ‘4’ 3. Less land land, the same one / ‘5’ 4. Don’t know amount of land, or SKIP 5. No response less land compared to to two years ago? QB7. 1. Inherited land 2. Bought land Read responses (except Why do you now use 3. Used previously SKIP B5 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes more land? unused land toQB7 one 4. Other 5. Don’t know 6. No response 1. Insufficient time to use land 2. Insufficient resources to cultivate 3. Others have taken Read responses (except Why do you now use B6 some land I used ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record Yes less land? 4. Often inaccessible due one to conflict 5. Some land was sold 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response Does your household 1. Yes sell some of the B7 2. No Record one response Yes crops grown on this 3. Don’t know land? 4. No response Excluding poultry, 1. Yes B8 does your household 2. No Record one response Yes have any livestock? 3. Don’t know 4. No response If ‘2’ / Do any members of 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ your household fish B9 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP to gain food for your 3. Don’t know to family? 4. No response QB11. Does anyone in your 1. Yes household sell some B10 2. No Record one response Yes of the fish they 3. Don’t know catch? 4. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 77 1. Always Do people in your 2. Often Read responses (except household B11 3. Seldom ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes sometimes go 4. Never one hungry? 5. Don’t know 6. No response SECTION C: Economics 1. Food 2. Health expenses What do you spend 3. Education most of your C1 4. Business expenditure Record one response Yes household income 5. Pay rent on? 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response What do you do to C2 make money for your Record open response Yes family? In your community, what is the most C3 common way for Record open response Yes people to make money? Have you ever considered leaving 1. Yes C4 your home to look for 2. No Record one response Yes a job in South 3. Don’t know Sudan? 4. No response Have you ever If ‘2’ / 1. Yes applied for micro- ‘3’ / ‘4’ C5 2. No Record one response Yes credit from a financial SKIP 3. Don’t know institution? to QC9 4. No response Was/were any of 1. Yes C6 your application(s) 2. No Record one response Yes successful? 3. Don’t know 4. No response At the end of each month, does your household usually 1. Usually have money left over meet its expenses? Read responses (except 2. Usually have just C7 Do you usually have ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes enough money left over, 3. Usually short of money one have just enough 4. Don’t know money, or are you 5. No response short of money? 78 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Do you feel that your 1. Better finances than finances are better other families than most other 2. About the same Read responses (except families in the area, C8 finances ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes about the same, or 3. Worse finances than one worse than most other families other families in the 4. Don’t know area? 5. No response In the near future, do you think that the 1. Improve economic situation Read responses (except 2. Stay about the same C9 will improve for your ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. Get worse household, stay one 4. Don’t know about the same, or 5. No response get worse? SECTION D: Cooperatives I am now going to ask you about economic cooperatives. By economic cooperatives, I mean a group of people 1. Yes D1 who form a business 2. No Record one response Yes together and share 3. Don’t know the profits. Have you 4. No response heard of any economic cooperatives operating in your local area? To what extent do you feel that you are 1. Very familiar familiar with the type 2. Somewhat familiar Read responses (except of work that 3. Somewhat unfamiliar D2 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes economic 4. Very unfamiliar one cooperatives do, and 5. Don’t know how they are 6. No response organized? Are you currently a If ‘2’ / 1. Yes member of an ‘3’ / ‘4’ D3 2. No Record one response Yes economic SKIP 3. Don’t know cooperative? to QD5 4. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 79 1. Agriculture 2. Fishing 3. Manufacturing / crafts / What type of workers Read responses(except SKIP D4 economic 4. Business / ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes to QD8 cooperative is this? entrepreneurial responses given 5. Sanduk / savings / loan 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response Were you a member If ‘2’ / 1. Yes of an economic ‘3’ / ‘4’ D5 2. No Record one response Yes cooperative SKIP 3. Don’t know previously? to QD9 4. No response 1. Agriculture 2. Fishing 3. Manufacturing / crafts / What type of workers Read responses (except economic D6 4. Business / ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes cooperative was entrepreneurial responses given this? 5. Sanduk / savings / loan 6. Other 7. Don’t know 8. No response 1. Cooperative no longer exists 2. Social issues, like trust Why did you stop 3. Did not make a profit Read responses (except being a member of D7 4. Found another job ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record all Yes the economic 5. Lack of capital responses given cooperative? 6. Insecurity or dislocation 7. Don’t know 8. No response Do you feel that 1. Benefitted a lot through your economically membership of an 2. Benefitted a little Read responses (except economic D8 economically ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes cooperative your 3. Did not benefit one household benefited economically economically a lot, a 4. Don’t know little, or not at all? 5. No response Do you think that you may be interested in 1. Yes D9 joining an economic 2. No Record one response Yes cooperative in the 3. Don’t know future? 4. No response 80 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation SECTION E: Social Capital 1. Women 2. Youth What kind of social 3. Religious If ‘8’ / 4. Veterans Read responses except groups or ‘9’ / ‘9’ and ’10.’ Choose all E1 committees are you 5. Community Yes ’10,’ that apply; specify ‘7’ aware of in your 6. Sports SKIP Other. community? 7. Other to QE3 8. None 9. Don’t know 10. No response 1. Women 2. Youth 3. Religious 4. Veterans Read responses except Which of these are 5. Community ‘9’ and ’10.’ Choose all E2 Yes you a member of? 6. Sports that apply; specify ‘7’ 7. Other Other. 8. None 9. Don’t know 10. No response I am going to ask you a few questions about your friends, and relations in your community. Of your 1. Most friends, how many 2. Some Read responses (except are ex-combatants? 3. Few E3 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes By that I mean how 4. None one many are former 5. Don’t know members of the 6. No response SPLA, police, wildlife forces, fire brigade, prison services, and other armed groups? 1. Family 2. Friends 3. Community leaders 4. Religious institutions If you encounter an 5. A formal bank Read responses (except economic problem, 6. Sanduk E4 ‘11’ and ‘12’) and record Yes whom would you first 7. A micro-lending institution one turn to for help? 8. A cooperative 9. Other 10. No-one 11. Don’t know 12. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 81 I am going to list a series of people, and I would like you to tell me the extent to 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E5 which you trust them. ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust To what extent do 4. Don’t know one you trust your 5. No response community elders or tribal authority? To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E6 you trust men who ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust are your age mates? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E7 you trust women who ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust are your age mates? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except 2. Little trust E8 you trust people you ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes 3. No trust work with? 4. Don’t know one 5. No response 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except To what extent do 2. Little trust E9 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes you trust teenagers? 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except you trust government 2. Little trust E10 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes employees in the 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one SPLA? 5. No response To what extent do 1. Lots of trust Read responses (except you trust government 2. Little trust E11 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record Yes employees in the 3. No trust 4. Don’t know one police service? 5. No response If you disagree with what everyone else 1. Mostly ‘yes’ 2. Sometimes ‘yes’ Read responses (except in your area agreed E12 3. Occasionally ‘yes’ ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes on, would you 4. Mostly ‘no’ one express your opinion 5. Don’t know in public? 6. No response SECTION F: Empowerment 82 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation To what extent do you feel that you 1. A large extent have the power to 2. A medium extent Read responses (except F1 make important ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record 3. A small extent Yes decisions that can one 4. Don’t know change the course of 5. No response your life? In the past year, how often have you joined 1. Never other people to 2. Once Read responses (except express concerns to 3. Between two and five F2 ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record government officials times Yes one or local leaders on 4. More than five times issues benefiting the 5. Don’t know community? 6. No response To what extent do you think that local government and local leaders take 1. A lot Read responses (except into account 2. A little F3 ‘4’ and ‘5’) and record concerns voiced by 3. Not at all Yes one your community 4. Don’t know when they make 5. No response decisions that affect you? SECTION G: Security 1. Very safe How safe do you feel 2. Somewhat safe Read responses (except G1 now in the area 3. Somewhat unsafe ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record Yes where you live? 4. Very unsafe one 5. Don’t know 6. No response If you and someone else in the area you live were to have a 1. Yes serious argument, G2 2. No Record one response would you be able to Yes 3. Don’t know resolve the problem 4. No response without resorting to physical violence? Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 83 Do you think that having ex- combatants living in 1. Safer a community makes 2. No difference G3 it safer, makes no Record one response 3. Less safe Yes difference to safety, 4. Don’t know or makes the 5. No response community less safe? SECTION H: Ex-Combatants I am now going to ask you a series of questions about ex- combatants, by 1. Many which I mean former 2. A few Read responses (except members of the SPLA H1 3. Not very many ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record or other armed Yes 4. None one groups. How many ex- 5. Don’t know combatants have 6. No response returned to this community in the past two years? 1. Very accepting How accepting have 2. Somewhat accepting people in your Read responses (except 3. Somewhat H2 community been of ex- ‘5’ and ‘6’) and record unaccepting Yes combatants when they one 4. Very unaccepting return? 5. Don’t know 6. No response Do you think that ex- IF‘2’ / combatants find it 1. Harder ‘3’ / ‘4’ / harder, same or easier 2. Same ‘5’ H3 Record one response than other people of 3. Easier Yes SKIP the same age to get a 4. Don’t know TO job? 5. No response QH5 1. Lack of education, training or skills Why do you think that Do not read responses 2. Lack of contacts in H4 ex-combatants find it and record all responses the community Yes harder to get a job? given 3. Other 4. Don’t know 5. No response 84 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Do you feel that most people in this 1. More respect community treat ex- 2. The same amount of combatants with more H5 respect Record one response respect, the same Yes 3. Less respect amount of respect, or 4. Don’t know less respect than other 5. No response people of similar age? Do you support the Disarmament, 1. Yes H6 Demobization and 2. No Record one response Yes Reintegration 3. Don’t know program? 4. No response Do you think that most people in this community support 1. Yes vocational training as 2. No H7 part of the Record one response 3. Don’t know Yes Disarmament, 4. No response Demobization Reintegration program? Do you believe that some people in this community are jealous 1. Yes of ex-combatants H8 2. No Record one response because they have Yes 3. Don’t know received 4. No response training/reintegration assistance and salary? Do you feel that some 1. Yes community members H9 2. No Record one response are scared of ex- Yes 3. Don’t know combatants? 4. No response 1. Never 2. About once a year 3. About two to four How often is there times a year violent conflict in the Read responses (except 4. About five to ten time H10 area you live between ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record a year Yes ex-combatants and one 5. About once a month civilians? 6. Several times a month 7. Don’t know 8. No response Final Report - Annex C DDR Pilot Reintegration Project in South Sudan 85 IF ‘2’ / 1. Yes ‘3’ / ‘4’ Are you, or have you 2. No CONC H11 ever been, a member Record one response Yes LUDE of the armed forces? 3. Don’t know INTER 4. No response VIEW 1. SPLA 2. Police Read responses (except Which armed group did H12 3. SAF ‘7’ and ‘8’) and record you belong to? Yes 4. Other armed groups one 5. Don’t know 6. No response IF 2/3/4 Do you tell others that 1. Yes SKIP H13 you were formerly in 2. No Record one response Yes TO the armed forces? 3. Don’t know H16 4. No response Are there some people you regret telling that 1. Yes IF 2/3/4 H14 you are a current or ex- 2. No Record one response Yes SKIP member of the armed 3. Don’t know TO forces? 4. No response H16 Why do you regret H15 Record open response telling them? Yes IF 2/3/4 Have you gone through SKIP a formal process of 1. Yes TO H16 Disarmament, 2. No Record one response CONC Yes Demobilization and 3. Don’t know LUDE Reintegration? 4. No response INTER VIEW When did you take part in the Disarmament, H17 Record open response Demobilization and Yes Reintegration process? 86 SECTION III: Adam Smith International - Consultancy to Implement Capacity Building and Monitoring and Evaluation Transitional Demobilization and Reintegration Program World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 USA www.TDRP.net 88 SECTION I: UNICON - Livelihoods Support