The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
For Official Use Only
Project Information Document (PID)
Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 03-Apr-2019 | Report No: PIDISDSC25621
Sep 23, 2018 Page 1 of 13
The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
BASIC INFORMATION
A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE
Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name
Brazil P168989 Sustaining Healthy
Coastal and Marine
Ecosystems Project
(P168989)
Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead)
LATIN AMERICA AND Dec 10, 2019 Mar 04, 2020 Environment & Natural
CARIBBEAN Resources
Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency GEF Focal Area
Investment Project Financing Ministry of Environment ICMBIO, Funbio Multi-focal area
For Official Use Only
Proposed Development Objective(s)
To strengthen management of the MCPA system and the enabling conditions for the blue economy in targeted areas.
PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions)
SUMMARY-NewFin1
Total Project Cost 14.48
Total Financing 14.48
of which IBRD/IDA 0.00
Financing Gap 0.00
DETAILS -NewFinEnh1
Non-World Bank Group Financing
Trust Funds 14.48
Global Environment Facility (GEF) 14.48
Environmental and Social Risk Classification Concept Review Decision
Moderate Track II-The review did authorize the preparation to
continue
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
Other Decision (as needed)
B. Introduction and Context
Country Context
1. After a decade of rapid growth and social progress up to 2013, Brazil’s economy first stumbled and then fell
into deep recession. A decade of sound macro policies and a favorable external environment contributed to fast economic
and social progress between 2001 and 2010. However, the deterioration in both factors led to a steady decline in growth
after 2010. Growth declined from an average of 4.5 percent per year in 2006 –10 to 2.4 percent in 2011–14, followed by
contractions of 3.5 percent in 2015 and 2016. While external factors triggered the slowdown, an expansionary policy
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response led to rapidly rising fiscal disequilibria and, with rising domestic political uncertainty, to a loss of confidence and
a sharp drop in investment. The economic recovery remains weak with 1 percent growth in 2017 and 1.2 percent growth
projected in 2018.
2. The crisis threatens a decade of development progress. Brazil experienced an unprecedented reduction in poverty
and inequality when 24.8 million Brazilians escaped poverty between 2006 and 2015 and the Gini coefficient of household
incomes fell from 0.59 in 1999 to 0.51 in 2015. Most of this reduction was explained by the creation of formal sector jobs,
with sharp decline in the unemployment rate to a low of 6.8 percent in 2014. However, the economic crisis precipitated a
rapid rise in unemployment with job losses of 0.6 million in 2015 and 2.0 million in 2016. As a result, poverty increased
in 2015 and 2016. With on-going tepid economic growth poverty is estimated to have leveled off at 20.6 percent in 2017.
3. Restoring fiscal sustainability is the most urgent economic challenge for Brazil. To address unsustainable debt
dynamics, the government adopted a constitutional amendment that limits public expenditure growth through an
accumulated adjustment of 5 percentage points of GDP for the period 2019-2026 stabilizing debt at around 89 percent of
GDP by 2026 and declining thereafter. Implementing this fiscal adjustment requires alleviating the rigidities affecting
public spending and revenue earmarking mechanisms, which turn mandatory over 90 percent of the federal government’s
primary spending. Furthermore, this large fiscal disequilibrium also affects subnational governments, with limited capacity
to cope with growing wage bill and pension payments unless reforms are adopted. This also has impacts on environmental
budgets which are being reduced, leading to lower resources for monitoring and management of environmental governance
structures such as for example Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MCPAs). Reforms should aim to accelerate inclusive
sustainable growth, productivity, and infrastructure development.
4. Brazil’s marine and coastal assets offer an opportunity for accelerating inclusive sustainable growth and
productivity. These natural assets provide a wide array of ecosystem goods and services that help fuel the economy
including, among others, (a) seafood (fish and shellfish), (b) tourism and recreation, (c) oil and gas, (d) transportation, and
(e) coastal protection and resilience from reefs and mangroves. The economic growth opportunities and the natural capital
that supports them, are however threatened by increasing development pressures and competing interests for the use of
marine and coastal resources. The responsible management of this natural capital, without compromising the ecological
integrity and health of ecosystems, represent the means by which to develop a sustainable economy.
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
Sectoral and Institutional Context
5. Brazil’s extensive coastline measures over 9,000 km, including bays and promontories. The coastal and marine
zone includes a land area of 514 thousand km² and a marine area of over 3.5 million km2, an area equivalent to 41 percent
of the Brazilian terrestrial territory (8.5 million km2) and comparable in size to the Brazilian Amazon (4.1 million km2).1
The Brazilian coast hosts an immense variety of environments and wildlife including, in the Northern coast, one of the
longest continuous stretches of mangrove ecosystems in the world, important as nursery sites, biological filters and carbon
sinks. This region in particular, forms part and contributes to the Caribbean and Northern Brazil Shelf Large Marine
Ecosystem (CLME+). The Brazilian coast also hosts the only coral reefs in the South Atlantic; many endemic species;
dune fields; lagoon complexes; restingas (sandy-coastal plain vegetation); and flood plains. Brazil’s coastline sits within
three out of the 66 internationally recognized Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs), one shared with its northern regional
neighbors, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana and Venezuela (North Brazil Shelf LME), and two of which fall exclusively
within national territory (East Brazil Shelf and South Brazil Shelf LMEs).
6. The “blue economy�? concept seeks to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and the preservation or
improvement of livelihoods while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability of the oceans and coastal
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areas1. MCPAs are a cornerstone of the blue economy by maintaining a healthy and diverse natural capital, which forms
the basis of current and future socioeconomic development2. Brazil is aiming towards the sustainable and integrated
development of economic activities in the coastal and marine environment, and based on a robust MCPA network that
maintains the health and resilience of ecosystems. While still in its inception, this ‘blue economy’ approach will in the
future help boost economic growth, create jobs, reduce poverty, and build local skills while conserving the public good
nature of the marine and coastal resources.
7. The marine and coastal ecosystems of Brazil currently provide food, livelihoods, and income to millions of
people through fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, transportation, oil and gas, and resilience to climate change.
The coastal zone houses 50.7 million inhabitants, or 26.6 percent of the national population, generating approximately 30
percent of all national wealth3, and distributed across 463 municipalities and 21 of Brazil’s 74 metropolitan regions4, 5. It
is estimated that 19% of Brazil’s GDP is derived from coastal and marine based activities, such as oil and gas,
transportation, fisheries, underwater cables, and tourism6. The Brazilian fisheries and aquaculture sector is projected to
grow by 104% by 20257, with aquaculture—particularly for shrimp and molluscs—playing a key role in this expected
growth, especially in Brazil’s northeast region8. The coastal zone is the main geographic area for economic growth for
many other industries, including the oil and gas industry, which engages in significant off-shore drilling. Brazil ranks ninth
in the world of oil producers and 31st in the world of natural gas producers, with 94% of Brazil’s total oil production and
77% of natural gas deriving from the marine environment. Oil production primarily occurs within the continental shelf off
the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, while the continental shelf off the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
are the largest producers of natural gas9.
8. These coastal and marine assets are however exposed to key pressures that can compromise the health of the
natural capital that is the foundation for a blue economy. Brazil’s ecosystems are under anthropogenic pressures
including overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and climate change. The fisheries sector, for example, is increasingly
threatened by unsustainable fishing practices leading to an alarming decline in economically important species. Pollution
from aquaculture practices, particularly the growing shrimp farming industry, likewise threatens mangrove ecosystems and
their associated biodiversity. Other pressures affecting Brazil’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) include unsustainable
maritime port activities (e.g. unsustainable ballast discharge etc.) and contamination of marine waters through the release
of untreated sewage (it is estimated that only 14 to 46 percent of the sewage generated is treated) and solid waste. These
anthropogenic pressures are compounded by the impacts of climate change and variability. The combination of these
pressures exacerbates conflicts among sectors and industries over resources and locations in which to carry out their
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
activities. This unsustainable pattern of development has a concrete impact on the future opportunities for prosperous
growth and needs to be urgently addressed in order to facilitate a pathway to a blue economy.
9. Strengtening the sustainable management of MCPAs, balancing protection and economic activities, will
create the enabling environment for Brazil’s transition to a blue economy10. The Theory of Change of the proposed
project therefore includes as building blocks: (i) the sound management and sustainable financing of existing protected
areas, securing and protecting the natural capital for a blue economy; and (ii) fostering the adoption of technological
innovations at the local level and strengthening institutional capacity for better management of marine resources, including
the use of Marine Spatial Plan (MSP) that will inform policy decisions and ensure that the multiple economic sectors are
developing sustainably. These actions combined will put Brazil on a path towards benefiting from its vast ocean resources
in a sustainable manner.
10. Marine protected areas have been shown to help the recovery of collapsed and threatened stocks, serving as
nursery areas and as a source of export of mature individuals to adjacent areas11. Brazil currently recognizes 74
Vulnerable, 35 Endangered, and 51 Critically Endangered Unique marine and coastal species12, with recovery plans
elaborated for 138 species. The establishment of MCPAs is considered essential to conserve the ocean’s biodiversity and,
since the 1990’s, it is increasingly recognized as an important factor in maintaining productivity, especially of fish stoc ks.
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One designated, these areas must be monitored and well-managed to achieve their targets, including supporting the future
economic development of those areas.
11. Brazil has put in place several ecosystem management policies and strategies conducive to sustainable growth
and in line with international commitments. Brazil signed the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, and Congress ratified them on February 28, 1994.
Since then, the Brazilian Federal Government, with the support of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other
international organizations, has taken decisive measures to implement the three objectives of the CBD. These include:
enhancement of the legal framework; institutional capacity building of the Ministry of the Environment; and establishment
of national policies, programs, and major projects. As part of Brazil’s commitment to the CBD, the Brazilian government
established a National Policy for Biodiversity with general principles and guidance (Decree 4339, of 22 August 2002) and
a National Protected Areas Strategic Plan (PNAP) in 2006 (Decree n° 5.758), which sets out principles, guidelines, and
actions for the establishment of a comprehensive system of terrestrial and marine protected areas that are ecologically
representative and effectively managed.
12. With support from the GEF financed Marine Protected Areas Project (GEF MAR1), Brazil expanded its
marine protected surface from 1.57% to 26.34%13 of its EEZ. These MCPAs account for a total of 94 million hectares,
including 82.8 million hectares of sustaunable use (IUCN Category V – VI) and 11.8 million hectares under more restricted
conservation regimes (IUCN Category I – III)14. This milestone has substantially surpassed the Aichi 2020 Target of
protecting 10% of the marine environment. This expansion represents a significant national interest, not only from an
environmental perspective but also from the economic point of view, as an important measure to curb the collapse of fish
stocks. In addition, the joint management of these areas by governmental environmental institutions and by the Brazilian
Navy constitutes an effective strategy for the sustainable use of the Brazilian EEZ, safeguarding important and unique
marine ecosystems. Brazil is also conducting gap analyses to ensure the representativeness, effectiveness, equity and
connectivity of the national system of protected areas. The gap analysis includes the vulnerability of species, ecosystems
and protected areas to climate change and their role in social, economic and ecological adaptation strategies. Finally, GEF
MAR1 has also fostered the discussion and proposition of the Brazilian Blue Initiative15, an ambitious, broad strategy that
seeks to articulate, promote and coordinate programs, projects and activities that aim to foster the conservation and
sustainable use of marine and coastal ecosystems. This initiative represents the initial discussions around fostering a blue
economy in Brazil, balancing conservation efforts and sustainable economic growth.
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
13. Recognizing the multisectoral nature of developing an integrated approach to the conservation and
sustainable use of coastal and marine areas, the Inter-ministerial Commission for the Resources of the Sea (CIRM),
recently approved the Federal Coastal Action Plan (PAF-ZC). This plan was prepared by the Coastal Management
Integration Group (GI-Gerco) for the period 2017-2019. The PAF integrates the implementation strategy of the National
Coastal Management Plan (PNGC), the main public policy for the conservation and climate change adaptation and
mitigation in the coastal belt. The plan coordinates actions, responsibilities and institutional arrangements for coastal
environmental management to be carried out by different governmental entities, such as the Federal Public Ministry, the
National Association of Municipal Environmental Bodies (ANAMMA), civil society, and others. Also approved by CIRM,
and currently under implementation, is the IX Sectorial Plan for the Resources of the Sea (IX PSRM) for the period 2016-
2019, which includes targets for the monitoring of coastal and marine ecosystems as well as the establishment of new
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MCPAs).
Baseline:
14. A variety of initiatives contribute to and complement the proposed project, in addition to GEF MAR1. The
Procosta, a National Programme for the Conservation of the Coastline, was recently launched by the Ministry of
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Environment and was created to monitor coastal-marine zones and map future risks. The Programme comprises four
projects, all aimed at projecting future scenarios and mapping risks related to the Brazilian coast for the next 100 years.
The Programme will work with a set of federal agencies—including the Ministry of Defense, Brazilian Navy and Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)—along with states and municipalities. Critical lessons from the GEF MAR1
project include the involvement of different public and private partners in the mobilization of resources, effective
implementation of management and monitoring activities in MCPAs, and the creation of sustaimnable financing
mechanisms for MCPAs.
15. The Terramar Project (GIZ) is another ongoing initiative that supports an integrated approach to
environmental and spatial planning of the Costa dos Corais and Abrolhos regions. This includes the Rio Doce Basin,
where the biggest mining disaster in Brazil occurred in 2015. Sustainable management capacities of local stakeholders are
strengthened through training activities, institutional support, increased knowledge management and networks in the region
applying participatory approaches.
16. Brazil is part of the GEF financed CLME+ Project. The CLME+ Project is an umbrella for initiatives and
actions to support implementation of the Strategic Action Programme (SAP) for enhanced ocean health in the wider
Caribbean and Northern Brazil Shelf down to the territorial waters off the Brazilian state of Maranhao 16. The CLME+
region covers a vast marine area (4.4 million km2) that is a major contributor to regional economic development and is key
to many globally relevant ecological processes17. In this context, the proposed project is well aligned with the CLME+
SAP Strategies and Actions as it contributes to the integrated management of marine ecosystems and resources in the
Northern Brazil Shelf LME (i.e the Parcel Manuel Luís MPA off the coast of Maranhao and the vast mangrove forest
spanning across the Northern states of Brazil)18. Another ongoing GEF financed initiative is the National Strategy for
Conservation of Threatened Species Project (GEF Species), which is designed to develop tools and mechanisms to promote
conservation beyond protected areas, mainly in sites where few conservation measures are taken, and establish a coherent
and integrated effort to conserve flora and fauna.
17. Finally, the European Commission is promoting cooperation between managers of Marine Protected Areas
in countries and territories around the Atlantic Ocean. This is done via the Towards a Transatlantic Partnership of
Marine Protected Areas. The project is designed to stimulate exchange and the sharing of best practices to improve the
effective management of MCPAs of the Atlantic, focusing on marine mammal migration, resilience of MCPAs to coastal
impacts of climate change, and the establishment of MCPA managers’ networks.
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
Relationship to CPF
18. The proposed Project is consistent with the World Bank Group’s Country Partnership Framework (CPF)
2018–2023 for the Federative Republic of Brazil (Report N° 113259-BR) discussed by the Executive Directors on
July 16, 2017. The CPF proposes a reorientation of new lending and advisory services and analytics toward supporting the
Government in addressing the main development constraints identified in the Systematic Country Diagnostic, including
natural resources management. The Project is directly related to the third focus area of the FY18-23 CPF. As stated in
Objective 3.1 (Support the achievement of Brazil’s NDC with a particular focus on land use), the Bank is supporting the
achievement of Brazil’s NDC and the implementation of its targets in all sectors, including through the strengthening of
Brazil’s national system of marine protected areas to increase the areas of environmental significance under protection
measures. The proposed project will support the consolidation of coastal and marine protected areas, including advocacy
activities on the blue economy to safeguard Brazil’s strong track record in the protection of the marine environment and
coastal communities. As per CPF, the WBG continues to support management of natural resources in a sustainable way,
combining conservation with the promotion of local and regional economic development. The project also contributes to
the WBG’s twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity sustainably, b y working toward the
longer-term objectives of supporting food security, creating jobs for coastal populations, and increasing resilience to
climate variability of those who depend on the marine resources, which are among the poorest and most vulnerable.
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19. The Project supports the new GEF-7 Programming Directions, by contributing to the long-term protection
of Brazil's globally important marine ecosystems. Specifically, the Project targets the Biodiversity Focal Area. In line
with the goal of the GEF-7 Biodiversity Focal Area strategy, the project will maintain globally significant biodiversity in
marine habitats and contribute to two Focal Area Objectives of 1) Mainstreaming Biodiversity across Sectors as well as
within Production Seascapes19, and 2) Reducing Direct Drivers of Biodiversity Loss in marine protected areas20.
20. At the global level, Brazil has committed to several key environmental international initiatives. Aside from
the above-mentioned CBD, Brazil also ratified the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in May 1996. The proposed Project
contributes to Brazil’s commitments under these two Conventions (including CBD´s 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets) and
meets the Brazilian eligibility criteria for GEF-7 funding according to the guidelines set by the CONABIO – Decree
Number 4.703, of May 22, 2003 and the National Biodiversity Policy Decree Number. 4.339, of August 22, 2002. The
project is also well-positioned to support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 14 dedicated to
the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans for sustainable development; the National Policy on Climate Change
(NPCC) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by contributing to the climate change policies and measures in
the country. Finally, the implementation of ocean governance tools such as the marine spatial plans (MSPs) will also
contribute to achieving the Aichi targets through incorporating protected areas into spatial designs with the purpose of
conserving marine and coastal ecosystems (Target 11).
C. Proposed Development Objective(s)
21. To strengthen management of the MCPA system and the enabling conditions for the blue economy in targeted areas.
Key Results (From PCN)
22. The following outcome indicators are proposed to measure PDO achievement:
i. MCPAs under improved management for conservation and sustainable use (hectares)
ii. Number of public policies/strategies incorporating blue economy principles
iii. Monitoring system for marine and coastal areas operational
D. Concept Description
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
23. The proposed Project will build upon the on-going GEF MAR1 project, and expand its scope to harmonize
protected area management with policy frameworks and activities to create the enabling conditions for a blue
economy. In line with the Brazilian Blue Initiative, the proposed Project seeks to reinforce and expand current efforts to
protect and manage Brazil’s extensive coastal and marine environments and the rich biodiversity and ecosystem services
they support; and in this way fostering the emergence of a sustainable and equitable blue economy based on this natural
capital. More specifically, the proposed project would aim to improve management and strengthen the financial
sustainability of the MCPA system inter alia by further capitalizing the Brazilian Marine Fund. In parallel, the project
would support actions to help mainstream blue economy principles into the overarching policy, legislative and institutional
frameworks; support examples of innovative approaches and technologies for MCPA surveillance and management; and
to strengthen specific sustainable value chains in selected coastal Brazilian states. Additionally, the project would support
local, national and international knowledge exchange and collaboration, helping build the capacity of Brazilian
stakeholders to effectively contribute to the management and sustainable use of coastal and marine environments as the
foundation for the blue economy.
24. The Project will be funded by a GEF Trust Fund grant in the amount of US$14.5 million. The World Bank's
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instrument would be an Investment Project Financing (IPF). In addition to GEF funding, partners will be supporting the
project with a total of US$86.5 million from Government budgets and legal financial mechanisms such as environmental
compensation and conversion of fines. The project comprises four components.
25. Component 1: Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas System (US$8.00 million, Co-financing
US$48 million). As the building blocks of the blue economy, this component will further capitalize and scale up efforts
for the consolidation of the national MCPA system. Building on achievements of GEF MAR1, this component will target
the existing MCPA network totaling 94 million hectares and will directly support the improvement in management
effectiveness in 1.6 million hectares as the pre-established METT baseline defined under GEF MAR1. The aim of this
component would be to (i) further capitalize the Brazilian Marine Fund with GEF, government, and private sector resources
(following the model of the Amazon Region Protected Areas Project) as a sustainable financing mechanism for Brazil’s
MCPA system in line with the blue economy principles; (ii) strengthen the management effectiveness and connectivity of
the MCPA system, including traditional artisanal sustainable fishing areas and no-take fishing zones, by identifying and
piloting integrated and participatory planning approaches; and (iii) strengthen governance, equitability, legal and regulatory
framework of the MCPA system, including inter alia: strengthening of governance and management of vulnerable and
under-protected ecosystems with an emphasis on sustainable fisheries management, and strengthening the social
organization of local traditional communities within MCPAs. These activities will provide sufficient human and financial
resources, adequate infrastructure, supportive local constituencies, and technical capacity for strategic planning, political
support, and sufficient ecological information for the long-term resilience of the MCPAs21. This approach will help address
the anthropogenic pressures of overfishing, pollution, and habitat degradation which are key threats to the blue economy.
26. Component 2: Developing a pathway for a Blue Economy (US$ 3.89 million, Co-financing US$30 million).
The objective of this component is to develop policies, strategies, models and partnerships to support the country’s pathway
towards a blue economy. The aim of this component would be to (i) foster an enabling policy and regulatory environment
mainstreaming blue economy principles into new or existing public policies and strategies pertaining to the conservation
and use of coastal and marine resources around MCPAs; including the development and implementation of an Action Plan
for the Brazilian Blue Initiative; and to (ii) promote technological innovation in support of the sustainable use, management,
and monitoring of the natural assets. In this regard, the component will support the piloting of tech instruments for decision
making and for small-scaled value addition activities, including technologies for remote monitoring and surveillance of
illegal fishing in the MCPAs, and surveillance of ecosystems health and anthropogenic pressures such as marine pollution
and solid waste. Moreover, to support better decision making over marine assets and to minimize user conflicts (among
marine tourism, recreation, conservation of biodiversity, fisheries, maritime shipping and transport, etc.), localized MSPs
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
will be adopted as a governance and management tool. Overall, this component will promote the sustainable use and
management of natural assets while fostering conservation, innovation, and improving livelihoods of those who depend on
the marine environment.
27. Component 3: Strengthening Knowledge, Raising Awareness and Building Capacity (US$ 1.90 million, Co-
financing US$9 million). The objective of this component is to strengthen knowledge and enhance Brazilian stakeholders’
capacity to recognize the value and effectively manage the natural capital which sustains the blue economy. The aim of
this component would be to (i) support capacity building for stakeholders at multiple levels including local community
stakeholders, MCPA institutions, ICMBio research centers through inter alia targeted workshops, training, voluntary work,
environmental education, and the establishment of a national MCPA managers network; and to (ii) strengthen knowledge
and awareness raising of the blue economy among cross-sectoral stakeholders including activities such as strengthening
stakeholder networks and forging new partnerships targeting both conservation and economic activities, with a particular
focus on women’s participation; and fostering knowledge exchange and learning opportunities with countries facing similar
challenges to improve Brazilian institutional capacity.
28. Component 4: Project Management, Monitoring and Assessment (US$ 0.69 million). This component supports
cross-cutting activities designed to strengthen coordination, communication, management and monitoring of
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implementation for all components. It aims to ensure project efficiency and efficacy through the establishment of a
satisfactory management system and the maintenance of the Project’s participatory structures.
29. Beneficiaries: The Project involves a range of beneficiaries at the national and community levels, given the large
scale of the countries’ marine environment. In particular, direct beneficiaries include ministries from various sectors,
protected area management agencies and ICMBio Research Centers, local populations and resource users living inside
the MCPAs system, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), scientific community
and the national and international societies. Project activities will be targeted to these stakeholders to enhance their capacity
and provide the foundation needed to drive the blue economy agenda. More specifically, local populations, including local
fishers, fishing communities and some indigenous communities, will benefit from improved resource management and
conservation, community empowerment and increased access to public policies. The Project will support their
participation in Management Councils, elaboration and updating of Management Plans for PAs. The tourism industry
will benefit from improved public use management, infrastructure, environmental education and conservation. The
fishing industry will benefit from improved sustainability of their activities. Local, state, and federal stakeholders will
be strengthened through participation in project activities and targeted capacity-building initiatives. The national and
international community, as secondary beneficiaries will benefit from the establishment and implementation of a globally
representative system of marine and coastal PAs in Brazil - better protected ecosystems and trans-boundary
biodiversity. Critical information will be generated to scientists and policymakers on the achievement of CBD and
Ramsar Convention targets.
30. Environmental and Social assessment. For the purposes of the proposed Project, a full assessment of the
environmental and social impacts and benefits of Project activities would be carried out prior to appraisal, to inform the
preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). Environmental impacts are expected to be
minimal, localized and reversible, as project activities are designed to generate positive environmental conservation results.
The Project will utilize a highly participatory approach that emphasizes consensus and community participation in MCPA
management, improving MCPA design to consolidate mosaics avoiding conflict with local people while maximizing
conservation benefits. The ESMF would give special consideration to impacts and benefits for vulnerable social groups. The
assessment of social impacts and benefits would incorporate a gender-sensitive lens to the extent possible and would
propose, to the extent needed, specific actions to close identified gender gaps as well as indicators to monitor actions
designed to address or narrow these gaps. GEF MAR1 has made considerable progress addressing gender gaps and this
dimension will continue to be a priority for the proposed project.
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
31. Citizen engagement. Consultations with key stakeholders, beneficiaries, and affected people would be carried out
by the client during preparation. GEF MAR1 has developed and relies on a robust strategy of engagement with communities
especially indigenous peoples. These consultations would take advantage of the channels already established, which
convenes representatives of civil society, nongovernmental organizations, and academia. Local community leaders would
also be consulted. These consultations would address the findings of the social and environmental assessment and evaluate
the identification of impacts and benefits derived from project activities as well as the proposed measures to avoid, minimize,
and/or mitigate adverse impacts.
32. Climate change. The project will foster multi-sectoral and participatory approaches to climate resilience in marine
protected areas through actions that restore degraded or altered marine and coastal habitats in a manner that results in
multiple benefits such as decreased vulnerability of coastal communities and improved habitat availability and/or function.
By strengthening the management effectiveness of the MCPA system, the project will increase resilience to climate change
of those who depend on the marine resources, which are among the poorest and most vulnerable. The policies, strategies,
and spatial planning will incorporate climate analysis scenario to analyze future implications for the marine environment.
Through the adoption of technological innovations, the project will improve accurate and systematic observation of the
climate and its effects on the MCPA system. Overall, the project is expected to strengthen the knowledge base and the
analytical capacity needed to design MCPA approaches and establish governance mechanisms that will facilitate the
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integration of climate adaptation and mitigation measures in the protection of coastal and marine protected areas as well as
ocean economic sectors such as in fisheries, tourism, etc.
33. Grievance Redress Mechanism. The Client will propose and implement a Grievance Mechanism with multilevel
feedback to receive and facilitate resolution of concerns and grievances. The Project’s GRM will rely on the network of
sectorial ombudsman offices and the General Ombudsman Office, which includes a web-based portal
http://www.mma.gov.br/areas-protegidas/programas-e-projetos/projeto-gef-mar/governan%C3%A7a-gef-mar.html). In
addition to this official website, requests of information and grievances will be filed through the phone-hot line, e-mail or
social networks. Moreover, the implementation agency will designate a focal point for the territories served, who will act on
project-related issues and address information requests and grievances. The structure and processes of these mechanisms
will be included in the Project Operational Manual and in the ESMF. The operation of the project’s GRM will be periodically
reported to the World Bank and monitored according to agreed performance indicators.
34. World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service. Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely
affected by a World Bank–supported project may submit complaints to existing project-level grievance redress mechanisms
or the World Bank’s grievance redress service (GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in
order to address project-related concerns. Project-affected communities and individuals may submit their complaint to the
World Bank’s independent inspection panel which determines whether harm occurred, or could occur, as a result of
noncompliance with World Bank’s policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at any time after concerns have
been brought directly to the World Bank’s attention, and Bank management has been given an opportunity to respond. For
information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/grievance-redress-service. For information on how
to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org.
35. Monitoring and Evaluation of Citizen Engagement and GRM. Citizen engagement will be measured through
beneficiary feedback surveys and efficiency of the project’s Grievance Redress Mechanism. The project's intermediate
results and indicators framework will be including an indicator of beneficiary satisfaction. This indicator will be
disaggregated by gender. The efficiency of the GRM will be periodically evaluated in terms of: (i) Registered grievances
satisfactorily responded in line with the Grievance Redress Mechanism, disaggregated by gender.
36. Gender Strategy. The Project is expected to address gender gaps. Women play an important role in smallholder
family in Brazil, such as fishing communities and indigenous communities. However, they do not always reap the full
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The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
financial benefits of their labor. There is little data on the exact extent of these gaps. Research in the urban area indicates
gaps in terms of remuneration, use of time with domestic activities and care of children. Therefore, this Project will address
this fundamental information gap by explicitly incorporating gender analysis into the formulation and implementation of
actions. The Project could incorporate specific interventions to address identified gaps, particularly regarding equality of
opportunities, through targeting of beneficiaries, and institutional strengthening.
37. Gender-based Violence. The Gender-Based Violence Risk Assessment (VBG) will be used to indicate the Risk
related to the activities of the Project. In a preventive way the Project should adopt as a strategy to carry out actions to
combat gender-based violence. A specific module on gender-based violence will be added in the staff training to ensure that
all project staff are equipped to prevent, identify, and respond to any reports of GBV during project implementation.
Legal Operational Policies Triggered?
For Official Use Only
Projects on International Waterways OP 7.50 TBD
Projects in Disputed Areas OP 7.60 No
Summary of Screening of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts
All potential risks and impacts expected to result from project activities are expected to be small, localized and
reversible. As described in the sections above, the main aspects that should be assessed and provided for in the project
implementation documents are: (i) sustainability of small-scale natural resource-based economic activities and value
chains; (ii) prevention and mitigation of impacts from small infrastructure remodeling or construction works (visitation
and surveillance trails, administrative buildings, other small infrastructure) as well as integration of sustainability aspects
such as renewable energy, water reuse and others; (iii) environmental and social sustainability aspects to be integrated
into policies and strategies developed under the project; (iv) prevention and mitigation of potential impacts from pilot
projects under technological innovation and blue economy activities; (v) procedures regarding potentially affected
indigenous communities; (vi) procedures regarding potential chance findings of cultural or archeological heritage, and
prevention of impacts on known heritage sites.
Note To view the Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts, please refer to the Concept Stage ESRS Document.
CONTACT POINT
World Bank
Adriana Goncalves Moreira, Sylvia Michele Diez
Senior Environmental Specialist
Borrower/Client/Recipient
Sep 23, 2018 Page 11 of 13
The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
Ministry of Environment
Rodrigo Viera
Director of Ecosystems MMA
mariana.pereira@mma.gov.br
Implementing Agencies
ICMBIO
Julia Zapata
Coordinator Protected Areas
julia.zapata@icmbio.gov.br
Funbio
Fernanda Marquez
Operations Manager
For Official Use Only
fernanda.marques@funbio.org.br
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT
The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20433
Telephone: (202) 473-1000
Web: http://www.worldbank.org/projects
APPROVAL
Task Team Leader(s): Adriana Goncalves Moreira, Sylvia Michele Diez
Approved By
APPROVALTBL
Environmental and Social Standards
Advisor:
Practice Manager/Manager:
Country Director:
Sep 23, 2018 Page 12 of 13
The World Bank
Sustaining Healthy Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Project (P168989)
1 World Bank and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2017) The Potential of the Blue Economy: Increasing Long-term
Benefits of the Sustainable Use of Marine Resources for Small Island Developing States and Coastal Least Developed Countries. World Bank,
Washington DC.
2 WWF (2015) Principles for a Sustainable Blue Economy.
3 IBGE (2014) Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros 2013, Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e
Estatística – IBGE, Coordenação de População e Indicadores Sociais, Rio de Janeiro, 2014, 282 pp.
4 Marengo et al (2017) “Impacto, vulnerabilidade e adaptação das cidades costeiras brasileiras às mudanças climáticas: Relatór io Especial do Painel
Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas�?. 10.13140/RG.2.2.36042.16329. available from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317351229_Impacto_vulnerabilidade_e_adaptacao_das_cidades_costeiras_brasileiras_as_mudancas_c
limaticas_Relatorio_Especial_do_Painel_Brasileiro_de_Mudancas_Climaticas
5 IBGE (2017) Regiões Metropolitanas, Aglomerações Urbanas e Regiões Integradas de Desenvolvimento, available from
https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias-novoportal/organizacao-do-territorio/estrutura-territorial/18354-regioes-metropolitanas-aglomeracoes-
urbanas-e-regioes-integradas-de-desenvolvimento.html?=&t=o-que-e
6 Valor Econômico, 11, 12 and 13 August 2018.
7 FAO. (2016) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture: contributing to food security and nutrition for all.
Rome (Italy): Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf
8 de Fátima VM, Ximenes LJF. (2016) Carcinicultura no Nordeste: velhos desafios para geração de
emprego e de renda sustentáveis, até quando? Caderno Setorial ETENE 1(1): 41-45. URL:
For Official Use Only
https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/1095131/5_Carcinicultura.pdf/e7b5180d-59a0-47fc-adc0-2bbfa2451259
9 Anuário Estatístico Brasileiro do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 2017), available at:
http://www.anp.gov.br/wwwanp/publicacoes/anuario-estatistico/3819-anuario-estatistico-2017
10 Marine and estuarine areas in Brazil are economically and socially relevant, as national production supplies 66% of the consumed fish, with the
majority of fish sold domestically (Gasalla MA, Abdallah PR, Lemos D. (2018)). However, 80% of Brazil’s marine capture fisheries resources are
currently overexploited, and the coastal zone more generally can be considered one of the most environmentally threatened regions in the country
WWF-Brasil, 2016).
11 Prates, A.P.L. (2007) O Plano Nacional de �?reas Protegidas - O Contexto das �?reas Costeiras e Marinhas. In Prates, A.P.L. & Blanc, D. (2007) �?reas
Aquáticas Protegidas como Instrumento de Gestão Pesqueira, p. 17-24. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas,
Brasília.
12 Brazil (2017). “MPAs as tool and pathway to achieving CBD (Aichi Target 11) and SDG 14.�? 4th International Marine Protected Areas Congress, La
Serena, Chile.
13 Brazil in 2018 gazetted two large offshore MPAs—the São Pedro - São Paulo and the Trindade-Martin Vaz archipelagos—which increased
protected area coverage in the marine realm from 1,57% to 26,34% of Brazil’s national waters.
14 The definitions from IUCN Protected Areas are available at: https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories
15 Ministry of Environment Decree no. 261 from 29 June 2018.
16 Northern coastal Brazilian states part of the CLME+ SAP include (from North to South): State of Amapa; State of Pará; State of Maranhao.
17 https://www.clmeproject.org/
19 Objective 1 of maintaining globally significant biodiversity within production seascapes by improving policies and decision making informed by
biodiversity and ecosystem values (Outcome 1), and by managing biodiversity in seascapes (Outcome 4).
20 Objective 2 of reducing direct drivers of biodiversity loss by reducing pressures on coral reefs and other vulnerable coastal and marine
ecosystems (Outcome 7) and enhancing the effectiveness of protected areas systems (Outcome 8).
21
Activities will include inter alia: demarcation of protected areas; installation of signage in artisanal fishing areas and no-take fishing
zones; preparation and implementation of management visitation or other plans; surveillance and enforcement; provision of basic
infrastructure and equipment, etc. This would be undertaken by the Protected Area management agencies and ICMbio research
centers.
Sep 23, 2018 Page 13 of 13