Gender Dimensions to Viewing sector and status of work shows that Livelihoods in Nigeria men are more likely to be farming than women, who are more likely to be working in In 2010/2011, the Nigeria National Bureau of a household enterprise. More than half of all Statistics conducted the General Household working women are engaged in a non-farm Survey Panel (GHS-Panel), which collects detailed household business, which is usually very data on income with a focus on gender. The small-scale and informal. Wage work for both GHS-Panel is a nationally representative survey groups is predominantly outside agriculture, with a sample of 5,000 households; the second and men are more than twice as likely as wave runs from 2012/2013. This note presents women to have wage employment when selected statistics on gender and livelihoods in working. Nigeria. Employment Status and Sector of Work Employment Sector by Gender 60 60% Men and women in the GHS-Panel report their 50 50% main employment sector, which could be wage 40 40% work, household enterprise activities, or farming. 30 30% 20 20% Agriculture, trade, and personal services are 10 10% Men important employment sectors for both men and 0% 0 women. While agriculture is the largest sector for Women men, it is trading that dominates for women (37%) with agriculture in second place (33%). In comparison, men are much less likely to be trading (10%) than in other sectors. Women who work are also more likely to be in manufacturing than are men who work. North–South Gender Patterns Analysis of Northern and Southern Nigeria Sector of main work Male Female shows that men have higher rates of Agriculture 49.1 33.3 participation in both wage farm and off-farm activities in both regions. Male wage off-farm Manufacturing 3.2 10 participation in the north is 14 percent Construction 4.9 0.1 compared to 8 percent among women, while in the south it is 25 and 13 percent, Transportation 6.1 0.1 respectively. Similarly, while men and women Buying and Selling 10.5 37.0 show equivalent levels of participation in wage farm activities in the north (both 3 Personal Services 8.7 9.1 percent), men show higher levels of Education 4.5 3.7 participation in farm activities in the south (2 percent, compared to less than 1 percent for Public Administration 4.8 2.7 women). Other Sectors 8.2 4.0 Female participation in self-employed off- Note: Other Sectors includes mining, health, farm activities exceeds that of men in both financial/insurance/real estate services, electricity/ the north and the south. In the north, female water/gas/waste, professional/scientific/technical activities, and other. participation is 55 percent, compared to 21 Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Brief www.nigerianstat.gov.ng percent for men and 47 percent compared to households (72% and 54%) compared with urban 36 percent for men in the south. areas (20% and 13%), while non-farm enterprises and wage work are much more common in urban 100% areas. 90% No work 80% 80 80% 70% 70 70% 60% Agriculture 50% 60 60% Agriculture 40% 50 50% 30% Household 40 40% 20% enterprise 30 30% Household 10% 20 20% enterprise 0% Wage work 10 10% in ag 0 0% Wage work Wage work Male Female Male Female in non-ag Head Head Head Head Urban Urban Rural Rural When farm activities are examined on a regional Gender and Work by Urban/Rural basis, however, the results again reflect male Looking at urban and rural locations separately, dominance in farming with 50 percent results show a higher participation in wage participation among men versus 19 percent employment in urban versus rural Nigeria, with among women in the north. The differences in wage employment in urban areas reported at 29 the south are not as glaring, with both men and percent compared to 10 percent in rural areas. women reporting around 29 percent Regardless of geographical location, men are participation rates in agriculture. more likely to be involved in wage employment than women. Urban areas report male Household Headship and Sector participation at 38 percent and female at 21 of Work percent. Rural areas report male participation at Examining participation at the household 14 percent and female at 6 percent. level where at least one household member participates in the activity, results show that Participation in off-farm self-employment is male-headed households are more likely to higher among women than men in both urban participate in all activities compared to and rural areas. In urban areas, off-farm self- female-headed households. Engagement in employed participation among women stands at household enterprise is the most common 66 percent compared to 46 percent for men, and activity for both male- and female-headed in rural areas female off-farm self-employment households: 61 and 54 percent respectively. stands at 43 percent compared to 18 percent for men. However, for farming, the reverse is the case: in urban areas, men are predominant with 70 70% 12 percent compared to 7 percent for women. 60 60% This is also the case in rural areas, with 57 50 50% percent of men participating in farming Agriculture compared to 34 percent of women. 40 40% 30 30% Household This brief is based on data collected by the enterprise Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics as part of 20 20% the Living Standards Measurement Study – Wage work 10 10% Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) project. The full dataset is available for download 0%0 at www.worldbank.org/lsms-isa. All Male Female Head Head For more information, please visit: www.nigerianstat.gov.ng Not surprisingly, the rural and urban divide Or contact: shows more agricultural households in the rural National Bureau of Statistics areas for both male- and female- headed feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Brief www.nigerianstat.gov.ng