41341
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING
FOR SMALL GRANTS
WORKSHOPPROCEEDINGS
Co-organized by the Global Greengrants Fund,
the World Bank Small Grants Program and
the World Bank Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples
Washington, D.C. | February 7, 2005
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
This document was written by Shauna Troniak in collaboration with Yumi Sera, Small Grants Program
and Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples, World Bank. It is not a formal publication of the World
Bank. It is being published informally and circulated to encourage discussions and comment within the
development community. The views expressed are entirely those of the authors and should not be
cited without prior permission.
Copies of this document are available from:
Small Grants Program
Social Development Department
The World Bank
1818 H. Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433 USA
Fax: (202) 522-1669
ii
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword v
Workshop Overview 2
Scope of the Report 3
Opening Session 3
International Grantmaking: Setting the Context 4
Grantmaking Institutional Models 6
Tracking Results and Measuring Effectiveness 9
Strategies and Opportunities for Grantmaking 11
Exploring Synergies 13
Closing Remarks and Next Steps 13
Annex I: Workshop Program 15
Annex II: Organization Profile 18
Annex III: Participation List 23
iii
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
iv
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
FOREWORD
The workshop, "Global Grantmaking for Small foundation community. It is hoped that these
Grants" was co-organized by the Global proceedings will help to continue the dialogue of
Greengrants Fund and the World Bank Social how we can work together to promote equal access
Development Department's Small Grants Program to opportunities, enabling everyone to contribute
and Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples. This to social and economic progress and share in its
workshop was an opportunity for the Bank and rewards.
foundations to expand their knowledge of how
small grants can be used as a tool for social change would
particularly in partnership with different donors. IExecutivelike to acknowledge Chet Tchozewski,
Director of the Global Greengrants Fund
and Yumi Sera, of the Small Grants Program/Grants
The Bank is guided by three principles in its Facility for Indigenous Peoples for co-organizing
approach to social development: inclusion, the workshop, Rob Buchanan, Director of
cohesion, and accountability. The Small Grants International Programs of the Council on
Program and Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples Foundation for serving as a bridge between the
provide a mechanism for the Bank to support Bank and the foundation community in several of
activities and projects that are requested by civil our partnership initiatives, Shauna Troniak for
society groups and organizations themselves. writing the proceedings, and Danielle Christophe
Through small grants, we hope to strengthen the for the design and layout of the publication.
voices of diverse groups and promote the inclusion
of a broad array of citizens' initiatives in
development policies and processes.
Steen Jorgensen
This workshop is just one of the ways that the Bank Director
is trying to enhance its partnerships with the Social Development Department
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
1
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
WORKSHOP OVERVIEW Small grants programs at the country level
may maximize their impacts by scaling up
"Global Grantmaking for Small Grants", a one-day operations to the multi-country level. The
workshop co-organized by the Global Greengrants imperative, as one participant put it, was to
Fund and the World Bank Small Grants Program move from "local victories to winning
and Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples, was global battles".
held on February 7, 2005, at the World Bank offices
in Washington, D.C. The meeting provided a forum Small grants often play a role in funding
for discussion on some perspectives and practical larger projects and long-term social
approaches to global small grants programs among movements, and in these cases it can be
aanddiversity of actors in the field, including public difficult to directly attribute results to the
private philanthropic institutions, international impact of the small grant. There is a need
NGOs, multilateral organizations and other to design better evaluations and impact
development agencies. assessment tools to reflect the process of
social change, rather than concentrating
The main objectives of the workshop were to foster solely on measurable social impacts.
knowledgesharingandmutuallearningfromlessons
and best practices in international small grants Intheinterestofestablishingaframeworkforongoing
programming, and to encourage the formation of learningandnetworking,theclosingsessionprovided
informal networks and partnerships as the basis for the participants an opportunity to make
future collaborations. The issue of small grants as a recommendations for next steps and continued
tool for social change provided the main thematic collaborationfollowingtheworkshop:
focusfortheworkshop.Sessionsledbyinternational
expert practitioners explored the current context of Build a mechanism for gathering and
international grantmaking, institutional models and sharing donor information. Look for
approaches,futurestrategiesandpracticalnextsteps similarities and overlap in grantmakers'
forinternationalsmallgrantsprogramming. activities, priorities, and expertise; and use
this information to help along further
During the presentations and subsequent collaborations or sharing of resources.
discussions, several key points were noted by
participants as matters for further consideration and Focus on building more partnerships
reflection: among different types of grantmaking
institutions, such as between foundations
Institutional values play an important role and multilateral organizations. Work to
in shaping small grants programming. expand and diversify the international small
Grants funding should consistently adhere grants community.
to an organization's mission and strategy
for creating social change. Establish an informal virtual network as a
mechanism for continued knowledge
Given that the goal of any small grant is the sharing.
grant recipient's "graduation" to larger
grants and more sustained funding, Apply a more strategic lens to building
grantmakers should target their resources partnerships in order to benefit both social
to help recipients develop capacities and and organizational development
scale up their activities. objectives.
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Plan to meet again at other thematic events. and foster creativity in the practice of grantmaking.
Two upcoming events, both in April 2005, Mr. Thindwa mentioned two grantmaking bodies
are:- currently housed in the Social Development
Council on Foundations Annual Department, the Small Grants Program and Grants
Conference, April 10-12 in San FacilityforIndigenousPeoples,andhowtheirfocus
Diego; and onempoweringmarginalizedandvulnerablegroups
- Global Greengrants Fund Advisory complemented the social development objectives
Board Retreat in Amsterdam. of the World Bank. Ms. Robb highlighted the
potential impacts of small grants which, especially
SCOPE when implemented strategically and in partnership,
OF THE REPORT can be a useful tool for achieving social
development goals and stimulating positive social
This report presents highlights of the thematic change.
sessions and discussions that followed, and
summarizes notable good practices and practical Chet Tchozewski, Executive Director of the Global
advice offered by participants. It is not intended as Greengrants Fund, focused his opening comments
an exhaustive report of participants' presentations on some emerging issues on the role of small grants
and interventions, but rather as an overview to in international grantmaking. His remarks touched
stimulate further reflection and comment. upon two issues that would become recurring areas
for discussion throughout the day:
The main sections of this report are organized by
session topic. In addition, certain subject areas and
themes are highlighted for the reader to reflect key 1. nurturing grants often provide the first step in
As smallthe growth of civil society, there was a
questionsanddiscussionpointsthatemergedduring need for greater collaboration with medium and
the course of the workshop. large funders to accommodate grantees as their
capacities develop and needs change.
OPENING SESSION 2.Giventheglobalandcross-sectoralreachofsmall
grants programs, there was also a need to clarify
The workshop was opened jointly by Caroline what was considered "small" in different
Robb, Acting Director of the World Bank Social operational contexts. This was important in large
Development Department, and Jeff Thindwa, part to achieve an accurate appraisal of the
Acting Coordinator of the Participation and Civic resourcesavailableinsmallgrantsinternationally.
Engagement Group, World Bank Social
Development Department, both of whom stressed Yumi Sera of the World Bank Small Grants
the significance of the workshop as an opportunity ProgramandGrantsFacilityforIndigenousPeoples
for the World Bank to expand its knowledge of outlined the work of these two grantmaking
how small grants can be used as a tool for social programs housed within the Social Development
change, and how this can be done in partnership Department. The Small Grants Program, now
with others. operating in almost eighty countries, supports
activities related to the empowerment of citizens
Mr. Thindwa expressed that the World Bank was and development of more inclusive and equitable
most keenly interested in learning more from development processes, and has achieved success
foundationsabouttheirinternationaloperations,and in forming some creative partnerships with
the potential of partnerships to provide substance foundations at the country level. The timing of the
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
workshop coincided with the annual meeting of the
BoardoftheGrantsFacilityforIndigenousPeoples, World Bank Grants Facility for Indigenous
awhich
program now in its second year of operations Peoples
provides small grants to Indigenous Peoples
organizations and communities. The Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples
represents an innovative partnership
Ms. Sera provided a summary of participants' between the World Bank and Indigenous
objectives and expectations for the workshop from Peoples leaders on a common initiative to
an earlier exercise. Some common objectives were: support sustainable and culturally appropriate
development projects planned and
Networking, communications and open implemented by and for Indigenous Peoples.
dialogue Through small grants, the program supports
projects that include Indigenous Peoples in
Gaining knowledge of good practices, development operations, improve their
innovative methods and effective strategies access to key decision-makers, empower
for small grants programming them to find solutions to the challenges they
face, and promote collaboration in the public
Identifying synergies and opportunities for and private spheres. The innovative projects
greater cooperation and partnerships supported by the Grants Facility build on
indigenous culture, identity, knowledge,
Exploring the difference small grants can natural resources, intellectual property and
make and their potential social impacts human rights.
Ms. Sera identified two practical issues that had The Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples
recurred in the morning discussions: is governed by a Board with Indigenous
Peoples as the majority and is managed
1. How to balance the practice of small grantmaking out of a Secretariat at the World Bank. It
withlargerorganizationalmissionsandvalues;and will be transferred outside of the Bank next
year.
World Bank Small Grants Program
The World Bank Small Grants Program (SmGP) How a
provides grants to civil society organizations 2. actorstotousebuildsmall grant to empower grassroots
their capacities to advocate for
for the purpose of facilitating greater civic themselvesandeventuallyscaleuptheiractivities.
participation among groups traditionally
excluded from the public arena. Now operating GRANTMAKING:
in almost eighty World Bank Country Offices, ISNTERNATIONALCONTEXT
ETTING THE
the program aims to increase the scale and
quality of interactions between marginalized ThesessionwasmoderatedbyJanetEntwistle,Senior
groups (or individuals) and governments, as PartnershipSpecialistwiththeWorldBankOperational
well as other key development stakeholders Policy and Country Services, who emphasized that a
such as CBOs, NGOs, private businesses, and majorobjectiveofthedaywastostrengthenpartnerships
the general public. betweentheWorldBank'sgrantmakingoperationsand
foundations engaged in similar types of work. This
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
sessionwouldprovideanoverviewofperspectivesand While large grants tend to grab headlines, a very
activities of both foundations and multilateral significant role exists for small grants as agents of
grantmakinginstitutions,fromwhichbasissimilarities positive social change at the grassroots level. Mr.
andopportunitiesforcollaborationcouldbediscerned. Buchanan highlighted the relative flexibility and
adaptabilityofsmallgrantsprogramstolocalneeds,
A. Rob Buchanan, Director of International particularly with regard to building the capacities
Programs, Council on Foundations of community-based organizations. Small grants
Mr.BuchananpresentedhighlightsoftheFoundation can also provide a basis for closer linkages and
Center's2004study"InternationalGrantmakingIII: mutual learning between grantmakers and grantees.
AnUpdateonUSFoundationTrends",whichtracked Mr.Buchananclosedbylistingsomewaysinwhich
1998 - 2002 statistics in international giving to both
overseas recipients and US-based international
programs: What Defines a "Small Grant"?
InternationalgrantmakingbyU.S.privateand Small grants are not just small in size. While
community foundations peaked in 2001 at there may not yet be an all-inclusive definition
$3.3billion,morethandoubletheequivalent of what constitutes a small grant, some
figuresfor1998.Thisdramaticincreasewas common features of small grants programs
caused in part by new accumulations of may assist in developing a working definition.
personalwealthandparallelgrowthingiving For instance, small grants programs often:
fromglobally-mindeddonorssuchastheBill target small and/or community-based
& Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as an organizations;
increase in the overall number of both large
and small international funders. seek to affect social change at the
local level;
Duringthestudyperiod,internationalgiving
outpaced overall giving from all types of focus on capacity building and
foundations. Community foundations, institutional support of beneficiaries;
thoughrepresentingonly1%ofinternational
grantmaking,reporteda360%rateofgrowth encourage greater dialogue and
in this area. Independent and corporate collaboration between grantmakers
foundations, which now account for over and beneficiaries.
90%ofinternationalgrantmaking,morethan
doubled their giving amounts.
small grantmakers can leverage their funds, such
Though Mr. Buchanan noted that much of as developing partnerships, piloting and funding
this new funding was made in the form of demonstration projects, funding advocacy
large grants of $1 million or more, he also organizations, and funding social movements and
noted that small grants continue to represent infrastructure over specific projects or activities.
asizeableshareofinternationalgrantmaking
by U.S. foundations. Nearly half of all B. Paul Hubbard, Manager,
internationalgrantsin2002wereforamounts Development Grant Facility, World Bank
of $50,000 or less; the median grant amount TheDevelopmentGrantFacility(DGF),asthemain
of $36,000 has remained relatively stable grantmakingmechanismoftheWorldBank,provides
since the early 1990s. grant funds for global and regional development
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
initiatives that complement regular Bank country GRANTMAKING INSTITUTIONAL MODELS
assistance operations. Mr. Hubbard explained that,
whiletheWorldBankisprimarilyalendinginstitution, Eleanor Fink, Foundations Coordinator with the
the DGF finances 58 separate initiatives that WorldBankandmoderatorforthesession,reiterated
incorporate multi-country activities, promote theparticipants'commonfocusofusinginternational
partnerships, and utilize the World Bank's small grantmaking to grassroots community
comparativeadvantageinthecourseoftheiractivities. organizations and leaders as a way of making a
The DGF supports initiatives for which there is also differenceinthelivesofcommunities.Sheremarked
significant funding leveraged from other sources, as on the usefulness of thinking about practices,
well as a pre-existing strategy for disengagement. approachesandstrategiestosmallscalegrantmaking
bymanydifferenttypesofinternationalgrantmaking
Priority areas for funding include targeted research institutions,fromdirectfunderstointernationalNGOs,
and action on topics such as health and public foundation intermediaries to multilateral
communicable diseases, agriculture, environmental organizations like the World Bank and others.
issues, and knowledge sharing and learning.
Examples of initiatives that the DGF supports A. John Harvey, Executive Director,
include the Consultative Group on International Grantmakers without Borders
Mr. Harvey advanced the idea that the particular
structure, operating procedures and funding
Addressing Growing Demand mechanisms of any grantmaking program reflect its
institutional values and views of social change. He
The non-profit sector is growing all the time, first offered a brief overview of some common
as is the number of grant applicants competing organizational features of successful small grants
for a roughly fixed amount of funds. This can programs. With respect to mechanisms for funding
put real stress on grantmakers, especially on internationally, grants may be disbursed directly to
small organizations with limited resources, and beneficiaries in a "cross-border grantmaking"
pose challenges for forging and maintaining arrangement, or through a variety of U.S. based
constructive partnerships with civil society. intermediaries.
One participant remarked that grantees and Mr. Harvey noted that international grantmaking
potential partners have in their experience been institutions are often structured around their
appreciative when a funder is clear and upfront mechanismsofgiving.Ifafundergivesdirectlytoits
about its funding priorities and criteria. Working beneficiaries, its structure might entail features such
through committees of locally-based advisers aslocaladvisoryboards,sitevisits,andapresencein
was presented as an additional mechanism the field. If the funder gives through a U.S. based
for meeting this challenge. intermediarywith501(c)3charitablestatus,thefunder
would not be structured much differently from
domesticgrantmakingorganizations.
Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the Post Conflict
Fund, and the in-house Institutional Development Mr.Harveystatedthatinstitutionalvaluesandviews
Fund. One of the main challenges for the DGF in of social change have a large role to play in shaping
allocating its grant budget is that of selectivity in an international grantmaker's small grants
thefaceofhighdemandfrommanywell-performing, programming. Grantmakers should set a clear
quality and worthy programs. mandateforaffectingsocialchangeandfundactions
thatwillbringthisvisiontoreality,whetherthismeans
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Funding through Intermediary Organizations
U.S. based intermediary organizations, many of which specialize in small grants, can present a
strategic advantage over larger funding institutions in this type of grantmaking. Grantmakers
without Borders classifies some popular types of intermediaries as follows:
"Friends of" funds
Non-profit organizations affiliated with established institutions such as libraries, universities and
foundations
Open intermediaries
Organizations that administer funding to beneficiaries selected by donors
Examples: Give2Asia and the Charities Aid Foudation-America
Community-based foundations
Organizations that grant based on the interests of their given community
Examples: Shefa Fund, Tides Foundation, International Community Foundation
Re-granters
International human rights, environmental and/or development organizations that provide financial
support to overseas groups
Examples: Global Fund for Human Rights, Global Greengrants Fund, Global Fund for Women
E-philanthropy
Organizations, usually re-granters, whose main donor outreach strategy is web-based
Examples: NetAid, Virtual Foundation
"Learn to give" re-granters
Re-granters who bring donors together to encourage dialogue about philanthropy, collaborative
decision-making, and combining resources
Examples: Acumen Fund, Clarence Foundation
In choosing the right intermediary, funders should take into account other issues such as the
organization's track record, its practices and operating procedures to ensure a seamless working
relationship. While intermediaries can often disburse small grants more efficiently than larger
funding institutions, transactional costs never disappear entirely and can represent a high percentage
of any small grant.
funding large infrastructure projects or local example, if the grantmaker values communication
community-based organizing. The basic operating with beneficiaries as a means of effective
procedures of a grantmaking institution, such as its grantmaking,reportingrequirementsandevaluations
applicationprocedureorevaluationcriteria,wouldalso criteriathataresimpleandflexiblewouldencourage
reflect the institution's values and expectations. For arelationshipofopennessandtrustwiththegrantee.
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
B. Annie Hillar, Senior Program Officer, beneficiaries,theGFWdoesnotrequirethatgrassroots
Global Fund for Women organizationsbelegallyregisteredwithanofficialbank
Ms.Hillarpresentedanoverviewoftheorganizational account before receiving a grant. This inclusive and
features and structure of the Global Fund for Women values-based approach carries with it some inherent
(GFW),apublicfoundationthatpromotessocialchange challenges,includingadependencyonstaffinnovation
byprovidingsmallgrantstograssrootswomen'sgroups andadditionalstrainsonprogramresources.
around the world. The GFW was founded on the
fundamentalvaluesofempoweringgrassrootswomen TheGFWhasbeenfunctioningasa"nextstepgrantor"
and encouraging their ownership and control of the for several advocacy groups under its Now or Never
development processes that affect them. Ms. Hillar Fund, which supports groups advancing socially
indicatedthattheGFWmodelwasuniqueinthatmany progressive and often controversial agendas in their
of its priority areas for funding were set by the homecommunities.Thesegroups,whichadvocateon
communitiesthemselves.Operationalproceduresatall pressingsocialissuessuchaslesbianrightsandabortion
stages, from applications to evaluations, were rights, routinely have difficulty in attracting sustained
purposefully flexible and designed to encourage localandinternationalfundingfortheircause.Insuch
participationanddialoguewithbeneficiaries. cases,theGFWhasgivenlargerandrenewablegrants
to groups they have funded in the past.
Inadditiontoitsdonorsandgrantees,theGFWnetwork
included 109 regionally based volunteer advisors and
peerorganizationswhoassistedGFWstaffinreviewing
theapplicationsofallpotentialgrantees.Inaneffortto Challenges in Funding Social Movements
make its awards as accessible as possible to its
Many grantmakers targeting the grassroots
level view funding social movements or
Are small grants enough? advocacy work as an effective way to help
local actors build capacity and create new
Small grants are a means to an end: The organizational structures to suit their
goal of any small grant is the "graduation" ongoing needs. To an ever increasing
of the grantee to larger and more sustained degree, the World Bank, other multilateral
funding. The challenge for small grants development banks and bilateral donors
programs is how to encourage groups to are also funding budget support or
develop the capacity to advocate for programs rather than isolated projects.
themselves and leverage new and sustained While this approach does bring advantages
funding. Some ways grantmakers might meet to remote and/or grassroots communities
this challenge: by ensuring they have the basic
infrastructure to carry out their activities,
Fund activities that encourage the it creates several particular challenges for
building of capacities and grantmakers who offer grants for general
strengthening of institutions. support:
Foster greater collaboration with In the absence of clear deliverables
funders of medium and large sized or measurable indicators of success,
grants to better coordinate grantees' evaluations and impact assessment
process of scaling up. are more difficult to carry out.
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Challenges in Funding Social Movements TMRACKING REESULTS AND
EASURING FFECTIVENESS
(cont..)
Moderator Patrick Grasso, Adviser with the World
Beneficiaries at the very grassroots Bank Operations Evaluation Department, briefly
level may not yet have the capacity describedhispastexperienceasanevaluatorofgrant
to manage small grants to their full programsattheWorldBank,aswellasseveralmajor
potential. foundationsandfederalgovernmentinstitutions.The
expertsonthepanel,saidDr.Grasso,wereparticularly
Without standard mechanisms for qualified to offer the participants options, methods
ensuring grantees' transparency, andtechniquesforeffectiveandculturallyappropriate
grantmakers who fund organizations evaluations of small grants programming.
may not be able to hold them
accountable for their use of grant funds. A. May Yacoob, Director, Monitoring,
Evaluations and Knowledge Management,
Laws and regulations in several countries, United Nations Foundation
including the United States, may place Dr.Yacoobbeganwithananecdotefromthehistory
restrictions on grants given to support oftheUnitedNationsFoundation(UNF)toillustrate
organizations. the potential of small grants to help organizations
forge and maintain partnerships across sectors.
Among its first grantmaking activities in the early
1980s,theUNFgaveaseriesofsmallplanninggrants
Philanthropy for Social Change to groups of UN agencies for the purpose of
encouraginggreaterinter-agencycollaboration.Asa
Effective grantmaking results when clearly result of this early partnership-building strategy, the
defined institutional values and expectations participating agencies have continued to work
are reflected in programming. For instance, together to a degree they did not before. This, said
institutions that value a bottom-up and Dr. Yacoob, represented an important achievement
community-driven approach to development in improving the capacity of the UN to deliver as a
should design participatory application and coordinated entity rather than as separate agencies.
reporting procedures to reflect this. Through small grants, the UNF continues to nurture
and support this strategy by helping in-country UN
The GFW articulated an alternative view of agencies and civil society actors develop what Dr.
philanthropy as a vehicle for social change at Yacoob called an "architecture of partnerships".
the grassroots, community level. As a means
of furthering this vision, the GFW gives financial Because small grants deal with issues of social
support to an international network of 17 change, the qualitative aspects of what is learned in
women's funds which operate loosely on the theprocessofgrantmakingaremuchmoreeffective
model of the GFW. This priority is based on than other, more formal types of evaluation done by
the belief that these locally-based outsiders. Dr. Yacoob outlined a grant planning and
organizations can most effectively advocate evaluations tool used by the UNF to form the basis
for social change in their communities and of a focused dialogue with its grantees. Important
utilize small grants to mobilize funds from both indicators such as program innovation, results and
local and international sources. impacts, financial efficiency and partnerships were
rankedaccordingtostakeholders'perceptionoftheir
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
effectiveness.Thistoolallowedaclearvisualpicture either hire external evaluation capacity or they can
of a program's shortcomings, successes and where developtheirowninternalevaluationcapacity.With
improvements could be made. (see figure 1) She regardtohiringexternalcapacity,Dr.Russonpointed
stated that the process of coming together to assess out that in the last ten years, the number of regional
projectsandlearnfromoneanotherwastherealvalue and national evaluation organizations that provide
in this method of evaluation. professional development opportunities to their
members has grown dramatically. If one is going to
B. Craig Russon, Evaluation Specialist, hire external evaluation capacity, there is no reason
Russon and Associates not to use these local evaluators.
Dr. Russon advanced the idea that the evaluations
needs of projects funded by small grants and those Unfortunately, there are problems with hiring
funded by large grants are essentially the same, in evaluation capacity. They can be expensive relative
thatallevaluationsessentiallyaimtoanswertwobasic to a small grant budget and, when the project is
questions:"Arewedoingtherightthings?",and"Are complete,theytakealloftheorganization'sevaluation
wedoingthingsright?".Themajordifferencebetween capacity with them. For these reasons, it makes the
projects funded by small versus large grants really most sense for small-scale grantmakers to develop
lies in their capacity to gather information to answer their own internal evaluation capacity.
these questions. In this regard, projects funded by
small grants face some special challenges. Responding to a participant's request for practical
evaluation ideas, Dr. Russon described the Program
Dr. Russon identified two fundamental approaches Theory approach to evaluation. The steps for
to addressing the capacity issue. Organizations can organizations to follow in this approach are:
(Figure 1: UNF Grant Planning and Evaluations Tool)
Results Impact
Financial Program
Efficiency Innovation
Ranking
4
best
Public UN Agency 3
Affairs Capacity significant
2
some
1
Partnerships minimal
10
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
1. theory onchange).
Decideof a program theory (also known as a Bank. Some key findings are:
1. There is sometimes a disconnect between strategic
2.Operationalizethetheorybydevelopingalogicmodel. effortsatthecountry level,whicharetoo often cast
in the short-term, and longer-term development
3. such one or two dimensions of the logic model
Focusas strategies such as the Millennium Development
outcomes and/or impacts. Goals.
4. their
Consult with primary stakeholders to determine 2.Whiletheinvolvementofcivilsocietyandtheprivate
questions regarding these dimensions. sectorintheseprocessesistrulyessentialforthesuccess
andsustainabilityofcountry-levelreforms,theiractual
5. stakeholders'questions.to help answer primary
Develop indicators involvement in these processes often lags behind
formal institutions of government. This may be of
concerntograntmakerswhoarealsoseekingtobetter
6.Devisemethodstocollectdatafortheseindicators. engagewithcivilsocietyactorsatthecountrylevel.
Dr. Grasso stressed that the advantage of following a 3. The delivery of assistance by the World Bank and
theoreticalmodelwasthatcanprovideaquickreference other development assistance strategies is
forkeepingprioritiesinorderandactivitiesontrack. constrainedbythefactthatmanylow-andmiddle-
income countries do not yet have strong
SOTRATEGIES information systems in place to manage
AND implementationoftheirstrategies.
PPORTUNITIES FOR GRANTMAKING
B. Chet Tchozewski, Executive Director, Global
StephenLintner,SeniorAdviserwiththeWorldBank Greengrants Fund
Quality Assurance and Compliance Unit, opened the Responding to Mr. Harvey's assessment that small
session by remarking on the complementary grants programs reflect institutional theories of social
perspectives of the panelists in exploring a range of change,Mr.Tchozewskiarticulatedhisowntheorythat
strategiesinthepracticeofsmallscalegrantmaking.In societies change as a result of the ability of social
describingsomeoftheirownprogrammaticinnovations movementstoactonunexpectedpoliticalopportunities.
andchallenges,thepanelistswouldtouchonsuchissues Smallgrantsmaybeviewedinthiswayasanenabling
aspartnershipdevelopment,country-levelapproaches force for social movement leaders to leverage
andmaximizingthesocialimpactofsmallgrants. opportunities for creating positive social change.
Identifyingtheseopportunitiesbecomesthekeyinthis
A. Pablo Guerrero, Adviser, Operations Policy scenario,andsmallgrantsprogramsmustthereforefocus
and Country Services Network, World Bank on building capacities and empowering leaders to act
Dr. Guerrero provided the context under which the ontheirinstinctswhenanopportunityforactionarises.
World Bank operates at the country level and
highlighted some key challenges resulting from this Mr. Tchozewski next gave an overview of the Global
approach.TheBank'scurrentapproachemploystools Greengrants Fund (GGF), its principles and
suchastheComprehensiveDevelopmentFramework implementing strategies for funding social change
which underpins Poverty Reduction Strategies and throughsmallgrants.HenotedGGFprioritiesinmaking
CountryAssistanceStrategiestoguideitscountry-level smallgrantstograssrootsgroups"withaminimumof
operations. This general strategy has been the subject bureaucracy and a maximum of trust", describing this
of comprehensive review both within and outside the approach as "both effective and cost-effective". The
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GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
GGFreliesonitsnetworkof120locally-basedvolunteer thecostsassociatedwithcoordinatingitsnetworksof
advisors to endorse applicants for funding and act as advisors are one of the GGF's main expenses, this
"mentors"togranteesthroughoutthefundingprocess. featurealsoaddsunmistakablevaluetoitsprograms.
Mr. Tchozewski acknowledged that while many of C. Terence Hay-Edie, Biodiversity Programme
its grants could be considered high-risk, a small Officer,UNDP/GlobalEnvironmentFacility/Small
average grant amount of $3,200 allowed for greater GrantsProgramme
freedom to choose what types of institutions and Dr.Hay-EdieexplainedthatwhilstmuchoftheGlobal
activities to fund. The GGF kept its costs at roughly Environment Facility (GEF) funds go directly to
one third those of any private foundation, with an governments, the GEF Small Grants Program (SGP),
averagetransactioncostof$1,400pergrant,andthus hosted by UNDP on behalf of the three implementing
had a comparative advantage in small grantmaking agencies of the GEF (notably UNDP, UNEP and the
overlargerfundinginstitutions. WorldBank)isthemainwindowwithintheGEFthat
fundsnon-governmentalorganizationsandcommunity-
HedescribedsignificantstridestheGGFhasrecently based organizations. The GEF SGP supports
made in stimulating indigenous philanthropy by community-based initiatives and activities that seek
creatingindependentgrassrootsenvironmentalfunds localsolutionstoaddressglobalenvironmentalproblems
in Brazil, Mexico and Indonesia. relating to the focal areas of the GEF, notably climate
change, integrated land management, biodiversity,
HeclosedbydescribingsomelimitationsoftheGGF international waters and persistent organic pollutants.
model for grantmaking, including its position as an TheGEFSGPoperatesthroughadecentralizednetwork
addedintermediaryandtheincreasedtransactioncosts of national coordinators in each of its 83 operating
thismightimply.Also,withagrantmakingbudgetof countries. The strategic direction for the program in
$2millionperyear,theGGFhasprioritizedspreading eachcountryisdecidedbyvoluntaryNationalSteering
its resources thinly over generating direct and Committees(NSCs)madeupof12memberscomposed
measurablesocialimpactwithitsgrants.Finally,while of a cross-section of technical experts, government
officials, NGO representatives, academia, with a non-
Calculating transaction costs governmentalmajority.
The transaction cost per grant can be
calculated by dividing the grantmaker's total Experimenting with Innovative
operating expenses by its total number of Project Formats
grants.
The Indonesian program of the GEF SGP is
Since transaction costs for grantmaking are currently working with Indigenous communities
roughly fixed regardless of the size of the in Sumatra on methods of video
grant, there exists a natural incentive to make documentation, including the creation of video
grants larger so the percentage of project proposals. Using a video format allows
administrative costs is lower. Some small communities to directly present what they want
grants programs have begun experimenting to do to the funders, and creates a visual
with ways of using civil society actors on a record that can be used as a monitoring tool
volunteer basis as a way of decreasing to show impacts at later stages of grant-funded
administrative and transaction costs. activities.
12
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
At the project level, the GEF SGP has demonstrated Strategy. She described the experience of the World
within the GEF the possibility of partnerships and Bank Azerbaijan Small Grants Program in building
co-financing from both communities, as well as partnerships and coordinating activities with other
actors from across civil society. An important actors at the country level. The country office
challenge for the program has been the growing establisheditsfirstpartnershipwiththeOpenSociety
need to collaborate with other small grants Institute three years ago on the basis of providing
programs in developing standardized indices of the knowledge to the World Bank on how to operate
important in-kind contributions that communities and administer small grants programs. In the
make in co-financing projects. subsequenttwoyearspartnershipsevolvedwithother
partners such as the Eurasia Foundation.
Scaling Up to the Multi-Country Level CLOSING REMARKS AND NEXT STEPS
Several methods were identified by participants
interested in scaling up current country-level The final session also provided a chance for
activities to the multi-country level. The former participants to voice their suggestions and strategies
CEO of the GEF articulated the challenge of for further development of collaborations and
small grants as "bringing many pinpoints of partnerships. One participant remarked on the need
light to become a spotlight at the community, to look at different partnership models, such as co-
national and global levels". financing arrangements between grantmakers, as a
way of building greater collaboration in the field.
The Global Greengrants Fund has been The role of international grantmakers in supporting
focused on creating an "alliance of funds", indigenous philanthropy was also discussed as an
fostering indigenous philanthropy in opportunity to cultivate partnerships with national
Brazil, Mexico and Indonesia. actors already working within a country's existing
system for philanthropy. Finally, the role of
The UNDP/GEF/SGP has linked its beneficiaries themselves as grantmakers, in
technical support to regional "clusters" particular Indigenous Peoples, was identified as an
of projects in areas such as apiculture issue for further study and reflection.
and handicrafts, as well as through
federations of regional NGO networks. To continue to build on the discussion and
connections made during the meeting, the group
IUCN-Netherlands works to develop agreed to three proposals for subsequent action:
strategic partnerships with actors at
the multi-country level. 1. Reconvene the group for a similar
networking meeting with European
foundationsandgrantmakers.Alternatively,
EXPLORING SYNERGIES itfocusonaspecifictopicsuchasevaluations.
was proposed that a future meeting could
A. Saida Bagirova, Operations Officer, Small 2. Compile a comprehensive database or
Grants Program � Azerbaijan, World Bank profiles of small grants funds. Three
In this final session, Ms. Bagirova gave an example participants agreed to develop the idea and
of a small grants partnership at the country level in locate a suitable organization to house the
the context of a World Bank Country Assistance project.
13
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
3. Organize an information-sharing and
networking meeting of grantmakers for
Indigenous Peoples. The Secretariat of the
Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples
undertook to organize a one-day workshop
that would focus on the elements of
culturally appropriate grantmaking for
Indigenous communities. The meeting has
been scheduled for Tuesday, May 17, 2005
at the World Bank Offices in New York.
14
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
ANNEX I: WORKSHOP PROGRAM settheirstrategicobjectivesandpriorities.
Global Grantmaking for Tracking Results and
Small Grants Workshop Measuring Effectiveness
Co-Sponsored by the Global Greengrants The purpose of this session is to discuss how
Fund and World Bank small grants can have a big impact especially
World1850 withgrassrootscommunitygroups. Evaluation
ConferenceStreet, I 1-200
Bank,I Washington, DC
NW expertswilldiscussthelatestmethodsforcost-
FebruaryRoom2005 effective and culturally appropriate monitoring
7, and measuring results of funded projects and
activities. Theywillalsodiscusshowevaluation
Purpose fits into strategy development and resource
mobilizationandhowtodisseminatelearnings.
The Global Greengrants and the World Bank Small
Grants Program and Grants Facility for Indigenous Strategies and
Peoples are co-organizing a one-day workshop of OpportunitiesforGrantmaking
fundersofglobalsmallgrantsprogramstosharelessons The purpose of this session is to explore the
and to strengthen collaboration between international elementsofmakinggrantsstrategically,such
grantmakers: multilateralagencies,privatephilanthropic as considering country context or national
organizations, and other development agencies. The strategiesandvoicesofmarginalizedgroups.
mainpurposeoftheworkshopistoexploreanddiscuss The session will also discuss balancing
amongparticipantshowsmallgrantscouldbeusedas development priorities and donor interests
a tool for social change. and intent; strategic partnerships with
corporations, with the public sector, and the
Following are areas of focus for the workshop: communities;howtoidentifygapsorniches
forgrantmaking.
InternationalGrantmaking:
Setting the Context Synergies and Networking
The purpose of this session is to provide an The closing session will be an open time for
overviewofinternationalgrantmakingfrom participants to plan next steps or potential
the perspective of foundations and from the areas of collaboration. The discussion may
WorldBank. Thissessionwillsetthecontext focusonformalandinformalmechanismsto
andprovideanorientationforfoundationand increase communication, learning, and
multilateral agencies to understand the collaborationamonggrantmakersproviding
differentperspectives,trends,andoperations. small grants. Adequate time for discussion
during the sessions, breaks, meal times, and
GrantmakingInstitutionalModels an evening reception will offer ample time
The purpose of this session is to look at for networking.
examples and practices of institutional
mechanisms and structures for small
grantmaking, including governance/board Audience
composition and role, decision making
mechanisms, resource mobilization, Participants are grantmakers who provide small
partnerships, and administrative structure. grants internationally. The participants include
The session will address how grantmakers privatefoundations,multilateralagencies,andother
15
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
donors. The workshop is designed to allow 9:30 am International Grantmaking:
maximum participation and learning by and among Setting the Context
participants. Thepurposeofthissessionistoprovideanoverview
ofinternationalgrantmakingfromtheperspectiveof
foundations and from the World Bank. This session
For More Information will set the context and provide an orientation for
foundation and multilateral agencies to understand
Chet Tchozewski the different perspectives, trends, and operations.
Executive Director Rob Buchanan, Director of International
Global Greengrants Fund Programs, Council on Foundations
Tel: 1-303-939-9866
Email: chet@greengrants.org Paul Hubbard, Manager, Development
Grants Facility, World Bank
Yumi Sera
Secretariat Moderated by Janet Entwistle
Small Grants Program
Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples 10:00 am Grantmaking Institutional Models
Social Development Department The purpose of this session is to look at examples
The World Bank and practices of institutional mechanisms and
Tel: 1-202-473-2416 structures for small grantmaking, including
Email: ysera@worldbank.org governance/board composition and role, decision
making mechanisms, resource mobilization,
partnerships, and administrative structure. The
Detailed Program and Schedule session will address how grantmakers set their
strategic objectives and priorities based on their
8:30 am Registration and Continental Breakfast philosophy for respectful and responsive
grantmaking. The example of models will focus on
9:00 am Welcome how international small grantmaking to grassroots
Jeff Thindwa, Acting Coordinator,
Participation and Civic Engagement communityinorganizations and leaders could make a
lives of
Group, Social Development Department differenceJohntheHarvey,communities.
Executive Director,
Grantmakers without Borders
9:15 am Purpose of Workshop
Introductions / Expectations of Participants Annie Hillar, Senior Program Officer,
Chet Tchozewski, Executive Director, Global Fund for Women
Global Greengrants Fund
Moderated by Eleanor Fink, Foundations
Yumi Sera, Secretariat, Small Grants Coordinator, World Bank
Program and Grants Facility for Indig-
enous Peoples, Social Development 11:15 am Coffee and Tea Break
Department, World Bank
11:30 am Tracking Results and
Moderator for Workshop: Janet Measuring Effectiveness
Entwistle, Sr. Partnership Specialist, The purpose of this session is to discuss how small
Operational Policy and Country Services grantscanhaveabigimpactespeciallywithgrassroots
16
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
community groups. Evaluation experts will discuss TerenceHay-Edie,BiodiversityProgramme
the latest methods for monitoring and measuring Officer, UNDP/GlobalEnvironmentFacility/
results of funded projects and activities. They will Small Grants Programme
also discuss their experience in how evaluation fits
intostrategydevelopmentandresourcemobilization PabloGuerrero,Advisor,OperationsPolicy
and howCraig
to disseminate learnings. and Country Services Network, World Bank
RussonRusson, Evaluation Specialist,
and Associates Chet Tchozewski, Executive Director,
Global Greengrants Fund
May Yacoob, Director, Monitoring,
Evaluations and Knowledge Management, Moderated by Stephen Lintner, Sr. Advisor,
United Nations Foundation Quality Assurance and Compliance Unit,
World Bank
Moderated by Patrick Grasso, Adviser,
Operations Evaluation Department, World 3:15 pm Coffee and Tea Break
Bank
3:30 pm Exploring Synergies
12:15 pm Lunch Participants�havingheardtheday-longdiscussions
Time for informal networking ongrantmaking�willhavetheopportunitytoexplore
ways to collaborate with one another by focusing on
1:15 pm Strategies and Opportunities shared interests and fields. This may take the form
for Grantmaking of on-going learning and communication through
Thepurposeofthissessionistoexploretheelements established networks or finding ways to support
of making grants strategically, such as considering granteesplanscollaborative manner. The group may
in a
country context or national strategies and voices of
marginalized groups. The session will also discuss developCo-Facilitated steps.
for action by Yumi Sera and Saida
balancingdevelopmentprioritiesanddonorinterests Bagirova, Operations Officer, World Bank
and intent; strategic partnerships with corporations, Azerbaijan
with the public sector, and the communities; how to
identify gaps or niches for grantmaking.
17
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
ANNEX II: ORGANIZATION PROFILE yearofoperation,theFundmadegrantstotaling$1.5
million to over sixty human rights organizations in
Council on Foundations (www.cof.org) Central America, West Africa, North Africa and
Founded in 1949, the Council on Foundations is South Asia.
agrantmaking
nonprofitfoundations
membership association of
and corporations. The Global Fund for Women
Council's mission is to serve the public good by (www.globalfundforwomen.org)
promoting responsible and effective philanthropy. The Global Fund for Women is the largest
Members of the Council include more than 2,000 foundation in the world that focuses exclusively
independent, operating, community, public, and on advancing women's rights internationally.
company-sponsored foundations; corporate GrantsmadebytheGlobalFundexpandthechoices
giving programs; and foundations in other available to women and girls, securing their efforts
countries. Council members make grants both to strengthen economic independence, increase
domestically and internationally. Through their access to education and prevent violence. Since
subscription to a set of Principles and Practices 1987, the Global Fund has awarded $36.8 million
for Effective Grantmaking, Council members to seed, strengthen and link over 2,500 groups in
provide leadership in public accountability in the 160 countries. The Global Fund for Women is the
field of organized philanthropy. only foundation in the world that awards grants to
independent women's human rights organizations
Fund for Global Human Rights in 160 countries. These groups are run by women
(www.hrfunders.org/fghr) who are bold risk-takers and, with minimal
Securing the most basic freedoms for people resources, challenge the conditions and inequalities
worldwide requires front-line organizations in their communities. As a result, they advance the
challenging abuse wherever it occurs. The Fund for ability of women and girls to gain access to
GlobalHumanRightsfindsthemosteffectivehuman education and reproductive rights and choice,
rightsactivistsincountriesaroundtheworldandgives participate in their electoral processes and fulfill
themtheresourcestodotheirwork.Byfundingthese their creative potential without fear of violence.
local human rights heroes--who often work at great Through an international advisory council of more
personal risk--the Fund aims to strengthen their than 100 activists, scholars and entrepreneurs, the
efforts,whilebringingneededglobalattentiontotheir Global Fund has awarded over $38 million to more
plight. Despite the importance of this on-the-ground than 2,600 grassroots women's groups since 1987.
work,manyhumanrightsgroupshavewoefullylittle
access to the financial resources and support that GlobalGreengrantsFund(www.greengrants.org)
wouldamplifytheirvoicesandincreasetheirimpact. The Global Greengrants Fund supports grassroots
Acreated ofFund andGlobal
groupthe U.S.for Europe-based foundations groups working for environmental justice and
Human Rights in 2001 sustainability around the world. Grants fund
tobringnewfinancialandothersupporttostruggling, grassroots action in some of the world's most
oftenisolatedhumanrightsorganizations.TheFund's despoiled and impoverished places. Global
ultimategoalistoensureastrong,indigenoushuman Greengrants operate with the belief that grassroots
rightscommunityineverycountryaroundtheworld. groups are key to solving intractable problems and
To this end, the Fund works to (1) increase the halting cycles of poverty, powerlessness and
financialresourcesavailableforhumanrightsactivism environmentaldestruction.Grantsofferhopeandtap
everywhere in the world, and (2) facilitate access to the energy of communities where other sources of
theservicesandtoolsthathumanrightsactivistsneed support are unavailable. (Global Greengrants is the
to be effective on the frontlines. In 2004, its second co-convener of the workshop.)
18
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
GrantCraft, Ford Foundation
(www.grantcraft.org) community and other non-governmental
organizations throughout the region. Many of those
GrantCraft -- a three-year old project of the Ford projectsprovidednewdevelopmentlessonsthatother
Foundation to collect practical wisdom from grant donor agencies now follow: the importance of
makers in a wide variety of contents about the tools people's participation in projects meant to benefit
and skills they use to be effective. The material is them; the potential of microcredit to create small
organized into guides, videos and cases available to businessesandjobs;theimportanceofstrengthening
anyone who is interested at www.grantcraft.org. culturalidentity;thewaysconservationandeconomic
development can work together; how businesses,
Grantmakers Without Borders municipalgovernments,andgrassrootsorganizations
(www.InternationalDonors.org and www.gwob.net) can form alliances; and many more.
Grantmakers Without Borders is a funders'
network striving to fight global poverty and foster NetherlandsCommitteeforIUCN(www.nciucn.nl)
justice by increasing international social change IUCN, or the World Conservation Union, was
philanthropy. Our members include trustees and founded in 1948 and brings together 79 states, 112
staff of private and public foundations, individual government agencies, 760 non-governmental
donors, donor-activists, and other allies in organizations(NGOs),37affiliates,andsome10,000
philanthropy. Grantmakers Without Borders taps scientistsandexpertsfrom181countriesinaunique
into this wealth of resources to encourage and world-wide partnership. Its mission is to influence,
promote globally minded grantmaking. For those encourage and assist societies throughout the world
new to the field, we provide peer-to-peer guidance to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and
on international grantmaking. For current toensurethatanyuseofnaturalresourcesisequitable
international funders, we offer a space for and ecologically sustainable. The Netherlands
continued education and community. In all our Committee for IUCN (NC-IUCN) aims to promote,
efforts, Grantmakers Without Borders is in cooperation with the IUCN and its members, the
committed to the ideals of justice, equity, peace, conservation and responsible management of nature
democracy, and respect for the environment. We andnaturalresourcesintheinternationalcontext.The
value and respect the wisdom and experience of Netherlands Committee is a cooperative agreement
local communities in all their diversity, and we betweentheDutchmembersofIUCNandtheDutch
are dedicated to amplifying the voice of the global membersofthesixinternationalIUCNcommissions.
South in international philanthropy. Grantmakers NC-IUCN administers several small grants
Without Borders is a project of the Tides Center. programmes for projects aimed at the conservation
and sustainable management of biodiversity. A
Inter-American Foundation (www.iaf.gov) guiding concept for the small grants programmes is
The Inter-American Foundation (IAF) believes, and the ecosystem approach where not only biodiversity
its experience confirms, that the best ideas for social and conservation are taken into account, but also the
and economic development come from people long term economic and social impacts of projects.
determined to improve the conditions of their lives Where possible, improvement of livelihoods and
and build a better future for their children. Since biodiversity conservation must complement each
1969,whenCongresscreatedtheIAFtodeliverU.S. other in the projects funded through these
assistance directly to poor people in Latin America programmes.
and the Caribbean, the IAF has funded over 4,400
development projects. The IAF neither designs nor New Field Foundation
implementsprojects. Rather,itrespondswithgrants New Field Foundation contributes to the creation
to the best development proposals received from of a safe and sustainable world by supporting
19
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
women and families to overcome poverty, United Nations Foundation
violence, and injustice in their communities. New The United Nations Foundation promotes a more
Field Foundation is currently focusing on sub- peaceful, prosperous, and just world through the
Saharan Africa and operates in support of Tides support of the United Nations. Through the
Foundation's international grant making. Foundation's grantmaking and advocacy, and by
buildinginnovativepublic-privatepartnerships,they
Open Society Institute (www.soros.org) act to meet the most pressing health, humanitarian,
The Open Society Institute (OSI) is a private socioeconomic,andenvironmentalchallengesofthe
operating and grantmaking foundation based in 21st century. The UN Foundation engages in four
New York City that serves as the hub of the Soros primary areas of work in pursuit of its mission:
foundations network, a group of autonomous Grantmaking: Providing additional funding for
foundations and organizations in more than 50 programs and people served by UN agencies.
countries. OSI and the network implement a range Strengthening UN Institutions and Encouraging
of initiatives that aim to promote open societies by Support for the UN and UN Causes: Helping to
shaping government policy and supporting forge new partnerships among and between UN
education, media, public health, and human and agencies, the private sector and NGOs in order to
women's rights, as well as social, legal, and build support for the UN and its efforts while also
economic reform. To diminish and prevent the enhancing the effectiveness of service delivery.
negative consequences of globalization, OSI seeks Telling the Story: In cooperation with the
to foster global open society by increasing Foundation's sister organization, the Better World
collaboration with other nongovernmental Fund, sponsoring or conducting outreach efforts
organizations, governments, and international aimedateducatingthepublicabouttheUN'sunique
institutions. OSI was founded in 1993 by investor role in addressing global issues and forging
and philanthropist George Soros to support his international cooperation. Raising New Funds to
foundations in Central and Eastern Europe and the Support UN Programs and Purposes: Encouraging
former Soviet Union. Those foundations were other public and private funders to join and help
established, starting in 1984, to help former demonstratewhattheUNandtheworldcandowhen
communist countries in their transition to thepublicandprivatesectorscooperateandco-invest.
democracy. The Soros foundations network has
expanded its geographic reach to include UNDPGlobalEnvironmentFacilitySmall
foundationsandinitiativesinAfrica,LatinAmerica Grants Programme (www.undp.org/sgp)
and the Caribbean, Mongolia, Southeast Asia, Since 1992, the GEF SGP has promoted grassroots
Turkey, and the United States. OSI also supports action to address global environmental concerns.
selective projects in other parts of the world. SGP allocates grants of up to $50,000 � with an
average grant size of between US$10-20,000 �
Schooner Foundation directly to non-governmental, community-based
The Schooner Foundation is a progressive family organizations (CBOs) and indigenous peoples
foundation that honors human dignity, thinks big, organizations to support their efforts to protect the
and acts where trustees see the greatest need and environment while generating sustainable
opportunities for leverage locally, nationally and livelihoods. The programme currently operates
globally. Nimble, resourceful, and imaginative, the through a decentralized management system in 83
foundation invests in leaders and developing the developing countries in Africa, Arab States, Asia
capacityoftheirorganizationsandnetworks. Based and the Pacific, CIS, Latin America and the
in Boston, Massachusetts it focuses primarily on Caribbean. Specific criteria established by a global
human rights and peace and security. strategic framework guide the approval of grants
20
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
atdemandnationalthan
the DevelopmentGrantFacility
activitiesrather guided bydriven.
levelsupply
enabling GEFCountrytolevel
SGP be
The Development Grant Facility (DGF) was
are National Steering established in 1997 to integrate the overall
Committees (NSCs) made up of a non- strategy, allocations, and management of Bank
governmental majority of representatives from grant-making activities funded from the
national NGOs, academia, co-funding donors, UN Administrative Budget under a single umbrella
agencies, the private sector, as well as indigenous mechanism. The DGF establishes grant-making
peoples' representatives. In order to facilitate the as an integral part of the Bank's development
process of grant applications for local NGOs, work and an important complement to its lending
CBOs and indigenous peoples, country and advisory services. It sets out the overall Bank
programmes often organize workshops and "write- strategy of using grants to a) encourage
shops" to help communities draft grant proposals innovation, b) catalyze partnerships, and c)
to address their needs whilst meeting GEF SGP broaden the scope of Bank services. In addition,
criteria. For final project approval, NSCs consider all grants must meet sector and institutional
whether proposals received are feasible, meet GEF priorities, be of high quality, and conform to eight
SGP criteria, and identify areas of additional eligibility criteria. The DGF allocation mechanism
support for potential grantees. calls for each grant proposal to have a Bank
sponsor, for it to be reviewed and prioritized
within Sectors and Networks, and then be
World Bank Programs considered against institutional priorities through
asupported
Bank-wide DGF Council. The DGF Council is
World Bank Community Foundations by a small DGF secretariat team which
The World Bank is exploring what role it might stands ready to provide assistance. The Fiscal
play in supporting the development of community Year 2005 DGF budget is $174.2 million,
foundations (CFs) in less developed countries. covering 58 grant programs.
The move to explore the potential of CFs flows
from the Bank's interest in Community Driven DevelopmentMarketplace
Development. The goals of Community Driven (www.developmentmarketplace.com)
Development are to support the broad based The Development Marketplace (DM) is an initiative
participation of community groups in the economic of the World Bank which provides a competitive,
and social programs which affect their lives, transparent approach to engage with and support a
strengthening democratic processes and improving wide range of development activities. Since 1998,
governance. CFs could potentially play a role in theDMhasawardedUS$24millioninseedcapitalto
deepening and sustaining this effort. The Bank is more than 500 projects that have offered hope and
considering ways it could catalyze growth of CFs opportunity to poor people in over 50 developing
through raising awareness amongst Bank staff, countries. Operatingatboththecountry/regionaland
supporting favorable legal environments in global levels, the DM has expanded its activities in
dialogue with local governments, introducing the FY05. Onthecalendararetencountry/regionalevents
idea of CFs to stakeholders in those countries, and covering15countriesfocusingonlocalprioritiessuch
providing training, know how and possibly grant as HIV/AIDS in southern Africa as well as a global
funding. World Bank's Community Foundations eventfocusingontheenvironment. OneoftheDM's
Initiative is result of a partnership between the Bank keybenefitsisprovidingachannelforexpandingthe
and several foundations partners and is co-funded World Bank's engagement with grassroots actors on
by both sides and is advised by joint Advisory thefrontierofdevelopment�NGOs,academia,private
Committee. firms, development agencies, and government.
21
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Foundations Unit
(www.worldbank.org/foundations) inthepublicandprivatespheres.IndigenousPeoples
leaders and the World Bank are working closely on
The Foundations Unit is responsible for managing the governance structure and plans for transition to
Bank/Foundations relations by providing policy, an entity outside the World Bank. (The Grants
strategic planning, and program guidance to the Facility for Indigenous Peoples is the co-convener
Bank'sregions,sectors,andnetworksonestablishing of the workshop.)
partnerships with foundations. It is also responsible
for advancing an understanding of the work and the World Bank Small Grants Program
organization of the World Bank Group within the (www.worldbank.org/smallgrantsprogram)
internationalfoundationcommunity. The Small Grants Program provides grants to civil
societyorganizationsthroughparticipatingWorldBank
World Bank Grants Facility for CountryOffices. TheSmallGrantsProgramhasatotal
IndigenousPeoples(www.worldbank.org/indigenous) annual budget of $2.5 million and operates in eighty
The Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples supports countries. TheProgramfocuseson"civicengagement"
sustainable and culturally appropriate development which is defined as citizens, either individually or as
projects planned and implemented by and for organized groups, interacting with the public sector to
IndigenousPeoples.Throughsmallgrants,itsupports strengthen mechanisms for inclusion, accountability,
the aspirations of Indigenous Peoples and funds and participation in order to enhance and influence
projects that include Indigenous Peoples in development outcomes. The Program partners with
developmentoperations,improvetheiraccesstokey foundations, development agencies, and civil society
decision makers, empower them to find solutions to organizationstofacilitatecivicengagement.(TheSmall
the challenges they face, and promote collaboration Grants Program is the co-convener of the workshop.)
22
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
ANNEX III: PARTICIPATION LIST
Rebecca Adamson Vital Bambanze
President Board member, Grants Facility for Indigenous
First Nations Development Institute Peoples
2300 Fall Hill Ave., Suite 412 Unissons-Nous Pour la Promotion des Batwa
Fredericksburg, VA 22401 Chaussee du P.L. Rwagasore No. 50
Tel: (540) 371-5615 Bujumbura, Burundi
Fax (540) 371-3505 Tel: + 257 21 23 25
Email: info@firstnations.org Email: vbambanze@hotmail.com
Web: www.firstnations.org
Patrick Breslin
Tomas Alarcon Vice President, External Affairs
Board member, Grants Facility for Indigenous Inter-American Foundation
Peoples 901 North Stuart
CAPAJ Arlington, VA 22203
Av. 2 de Mayo, No. 644 Tel: (703) 306-4311
Tacna, Peru Email: pbreslin@iaf.gov
Tel: 51 (52) 74-26-01
Email: jachajawira@yahoo.com
Rob Buchanan
Director, Intl. Programs
Saida Bagirova Council on Foundations
Operations Officer, 1828 L St., NW
Small Grants Program - Azerbaijan Washington, DC 20036
World Bank Tel: (202) 467-0391
91-95 Mirza Mansur Street, Fax: (202) 785-3926
Icheri Sheher, Email: buchr@cof.org
Baku, Azerbaijan AZ1004 Web: www.cof.org
Tel: 994 (12) 492 1941
Fax: 994 (12) 492 1479
Email: sbagirova@worldbank.org Daniel Crisafulli
Co-manager
Development Marketplace
Belen Barbeito World Bank
Program Analyst, Grassroots 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 8-802)
Business Initiative Washington, DC 20433
International Finance Corporation Tel: (202) 473-9367
2121 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Email: dcrisafulli@worldbank.org
(Mailstop F 4P-403)
Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 458-8449
Email: abarbeito@ifc.org
23
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Melissa Dann Rob Glastra
Sr. Program Officer, Environment Knowledge Manager, Tropical Rainforest
Wallace Global Fund Programme
1990 M St., NW, Suite 250 IUCN � Netherlands
Washington, DC 20036 Plantage Middenlaan 2 K
Tel: (202) 452-1530 1018 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
Email: mdann@wgf.org Tel: + 31 20 626 1732
Web: www.wgf.org Fax: + 31 20 627 9349
Email: rob.glastra@iucn.nl
Web: www.iucn.nl
Katrinka Ebbe
Consultant, Poverty Reduction Group
World Bank Patrick Grasso
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 6-615) Adviser, Operations Evaluation Department
Washington, DC 20433 World Bank
Tel: (202) 473-5883 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop I 9-900)
Email: kebbe@worldbank.org Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 473-2568
Email: pgrasso@worldbank.org
Janet Entwistle
Sr. Partnership Specialist, Operations Policy
and Country Services Network RietjeGrit
World Bank Small Grants Unit Manager, Coordinator Dry
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 10-1020) Areas Fund
Washington, DC 20433 IUCN - Netherlands
Tel: (202) 473-5956 Plantage Middenlaan 2K
Email: Jentwistle@worldbank.org 1018 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
Tel: + 31 20 626 1732
Fax: + 31 20 627 9349
Eleanor Fink Email: rietje.grit@nciucn.nl
Foundations Coordinator, Global Programs Web: www.iucn.nl
and Partnerships Dept.
World Bank
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 6-622) Pablo Guerrero
Washington, DC 20433 Adviser, Operations Policy and Country
Tel: (202) 473-4416 Services Network
Email: efink@worldbank.org World Bank
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 10-1020)
Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 473-1717
Email: rguerrero@worldbank.org
24
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
John Harvey Paul Hubbard
Executive Director Manager, Development Grants Facility
Grantmakers without Borders World Bank
P.O. Box 181282 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 6-620)
Boston, MA 02118 Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (617) 794-2253 Tel: (202) 473-1216
Email: john@gwob.net Email: phubbard@worldbank.org
Web: www.gwob.net
Jan Jaffe
Project Leader, Grantcraft
Terence Hay-Edie Ford Foundation
Biodiversity Programme Officer 320 East 43rd St.
UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme New York, NY 10017
304 East 45th St. Tel: (212) 573-5288
New York, NY 10017 Email: j.jaffe@fordfound.org
Tel: (212) 906-5079
Fax: (212) 906-6568
Email: terence.hay-edie@undp.org R. Aura Kanegis
Web: www.undp.org/sgp Director, Communications and Development
First Nations Development Institute
2300 Fall Hill Ave., Suite 412
Annie Hillar Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Sr. Program Officer Tel: (540) 371-5615 ext. 19
Global Fund for Women Fax: (540) 371-3505
1375 Sutter St., Suite 400 Email: info@firstnations.org
San Francisco, CA 94109 Web: www.firstnations.org
Tel: (415) 202-7640
Fax: (415) 202-8604
Email: annieh@globalfundforwomen.org Stephen Lintner
Sr. Adviser, Quality Assurance and Compli-
ance Unit
Sarah Hobson World Bank
Executive Director 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 5-523)
New Field Foundation Washington, DC 20433
1016 Lincoln Blvd., Mailbox #14, Tel: (202) 473-2508
3rd Floor Email: slintner@worldbank.org
San Francisco, CA 94129
Tel: (415) 561-3417
Fax: (415) 561-6401
Email: sarah@newfieldfound.org
25
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Dan Martin Carolyn Reynolds Mandell
Senior Managing Director, Critical Ecosys- Sr. Communications Officer
tems Partnerships Fund World Bank
Conservation International 1818 H St., NW
1919 M St., NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20433
Washington, DC 20036 Tel: (202) 473-0049
Tel: (202) 912-1808 Fax: (202) 522-7131
Fax: (202) 912-1045 Email: creynolds@worldbank.org
Email: d.martin@conservation.org
Jonas Rolett
RegionalDirector,SouthernCentralandEasternEurope
Juraj Mesik Open Society Institute
Sr. Operations Officer, Community Founda- 1120 19th St., NW, 8th Floor
tions Washington, DC 20036
Social Development Department Tel: (202) 721-5600
World Bank Fax: (202) 530-0128
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 5-507) Email: jrolett@osi-dc.org
Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 458-4197
Email: jmesik@worldbank.org Craig Russon
Evaluation Manager
Russon and Associates
Navin Rai 22125 Wynsmythe Dr.
Indigenous Peoples Coordinator Mattawan, MI 49071
World Bank Tel: (269) 668-7188
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 5-523) Email: russon@complink.net
Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 458-1298
Email: nrai@worldbank.org Cynthia Ryan
Principal
Schooner Foundation
Regan Ralph 1731 T St., NW, #3
Executive Director Washington DC 20009-7114
Fund for Global Human Rights Tel: (202) 302-1262
1634 I St., NW, Suite 1001 Email: cryan@schoonercapital.com
Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202) 347-7488
Fax: (202) 783-8499 Helen Seidler
Email: info@globalhumanrights.org Board Member, Global Greengrants Fund
6108 Maiden Lane
Bethesda, MD 20817
Tel: (301) 263-0902
Fax: (301) 320-3161
Email: global@somerset.net
Web: www.somerset.net
26
GLOBAL GRANTMAKING FOR SMALL GRANTS
Yumi Sera Chet Tchozewski
Secretariat, Small Grants Program and Grants Executive Director
Facility for Indigenous Peoples Global Greengrants Fund
World Bank 2840 Wilderness Pl., Suite E
1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC5-526) Boulder, CO 80301
Washington, DC 20433 Tel: (303) 939-9866 ext. 104
Tel: (202) 473-2416 Fax: (303) 939-9867
Fax: (202) 522-1669 Email: chet@greengrants.org
Email: ysera@worldbank.org Web: www.greengrants.org
Cynthia Steele
Program Director Jeff Thindwa
EMPower - the Emerging Markets Founda- Sr. Social Scientist, Participation and Civic
tion Engagement Group, Social Development
32 Broadway, 11th Floor Dept.
New York, NY 10004 World Bank
Tel: (212) 803-3314 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC 5-526)
Email: csteele@empowerweb.org Washington, DC 20433
Tel: (202) 458-1112
Email: jthindwa@worldbank.org
Mary Ann Stein
President
Moriah Fund Shauna Troniak
1634 I St., NW, Suite 1000 Secretariat, Grants Facility for Indigenous
Washington, DC 20006-4003 Peoples
Tel: (202) 783-8488 World Bank
Fax: (202) 783-8499 1818 H St., NW (Mailstop MC5-526)
Email: mstein@moriahfund.org Washington, DC 20433
Web: www.moriahfund.org Tel: (202) 458-4817
Fax: (202) 522-1669
Email: stroniak@worldbank.org
Rodion Sulyandziga
Board member, Grants Facility for Indigenous
Peoples May Yacoob
Russian Association for Indigenous Peoples Director, Monitoring, Evaluations, and
of the North Knowledge Management
P.O. Box 110 United Nations Foundation
Moscow, Russia 119415 1225 Connecticut Ave., Suite 400
Tel: + 7 095 780 87 27 Washington, DC 20036
Email: ritc@mail.ru Tel: (202) 887-9040
Fax: (202) 887-9021
Email: myacoob@unfoundation.org
Web: www.unfoundation.org
27