PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT E1091 PROJECT – APL 2 v7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, WASTE WATER SECTOR EA IDENTIFICATION N° : 655055.R3.3 DATE : JANUARY 2005 This document has been produced SOGREAH Consultants/Groupe Huit as part of the FASEP Grant (French Government Grant) to Shanghai Municipal Government (Job Number 655055) This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following the Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001. APPROVED BY INDEX DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY (PROJECT PURPOSE OF MODIFICATION MANAGER) CMY, A First Issue Jan 2005 HGX,GDM GDM GDM INDEX CONTACT ADDRESS DISTRIBUTION LIST 1 SWEC (Mr HUANG Jia Ping) Shanghai Development & Reform 2 Commission (Mr QIU Wenjin) mandersson@worldbank.org The World Bank (Mr Mats 3 gread@worldbank.org Andersson, Mr Geoffrey Read) thomas.clochard@dree.org 4 DREE (DREE Paris, Shanghai) laurent.martin@dree.org Alain.gueguen@sogreah.fr, 5 SOGREAH (Head Office) Muriel.dinola@sogreah.fr, groupehuit@groupehuit.com 6 Groupe Huit (Head Office) SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. THE SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ......................................................................................... 1 1.2.1. THE OVERALL APL FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2. PHASE 2 OF THE APL (APL2)......................................................................................................... 4 1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT ........................................................................................................ 7 1.4. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT ............................................................................................ 8 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 10 2.1. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR THE WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... 10 2.2. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ....................................................................................................... 10 2.3. SHANGHAI WASTE WATER PLANNING ......................................................................................................... 11 2.4. EXISTING SITUATION FOR EACH COMPONENTS ............................................................................................ 13 2.4.1. WEST TRUNK SEWER .................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2. BAILONGGANG WWTP ................................................................................................................. 15 2.4.3. ZHUYUAN NO.1 AND NO.2 WWTPS ............................................................................................... 15 2.5. NEED FOR THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.6. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS................................................................................................... 18 2.6.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ............................................................................................................... 18 2.6.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ............................................................................ 23 2.6.3. ZHUYUAN SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY .................................................................................... 27 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION ................................................................................................. 29 3.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING .................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.1.1. GEOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.1.2. GEOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1.3. CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1.4. HYDROLOGY ................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.1.5. BEACH CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................. 31 3.1.1.6. GROUNDWATER............................................................................................................. 31 3.1.1.7. NATURAL DISASTER....................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1.8. WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................................... 32 3.1.1.9. AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.1.10. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY ..................................................................................................... 36 3.1.1.11. SLUDGE QUALITY .......................................................................................................... 36 3.1.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING ................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY .......................................................................................... 38 3.1.2.2. ARTIFICIAL VEGETATION ................................................................................................ 38 3.1.2.3. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................................. 38 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE I JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 3.1.3. SOCIAL SETTING........................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY .......................................................................................... 39 3.1.3.2. QUALITY OF LIFE ........................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE .................................................................................................... 40 3.1.3.4. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES ....................................................................................... 40 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ................................................................................................. 41 4.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................... 41 4.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................ 42 4.2.1.IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER ......................................................................................................... 42 4.2.2.IMPACT ON DUST .......................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.3.IMPACT ON NOISE ......................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.4.IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ........................................................................................... 44 4.2.5.IMPACT SPECIFIC TO THE WTS...................................................................................................... 44 4.2.5.1. IMPACT ON FARMING ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 44 4.2.5.2. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC ....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.5.3. SOLID WASTES .............................................................................................................. 46 4.2.5.4. PUBLIC UNDERGROUND SERVICES.................................................................................. 46 4.2.5.5. OTHER IMPACTS ON CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................. 47 4.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION .................................................................................................................... 48 4.3.1. IMPACT OF WASTE WATER ............................................................................................................. 48 4.3.2. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................................. 48 4.3.3. IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE .............................................................................................................. 49 4.3.4. IMPACT ON NOISE ......................................................................................................................... 49 4.3.5. IMPACT ON AIR .............................................................................................................................. 49 4.3.6. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO THE WTS COMPONENT .................................................................................. 51 4.3.6.1. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY ............................................. 51 4.3.6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDDENTAL POLLUTION ............................... 51 4.3.7. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO BSMF COMPONENT....................................................................................... 53 4.3.7.1. SHORT TERM - IMPACT OF SLUDGE ................................................................................. 53 4.3.7.2. LONG TERM - IMPACT OF SLUDGE ................................................................................. 55 4.3.7.3. TRANSPORTATION OF SLUDGE FROM ZHUYUAN WWTP TO BAILONGGANG WWTP ............ 56 4.3.7.4. ECONOMY AND SOCIAL IMPACT ...................................................................................... 57 4.3.7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION ................................. 57 5. ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................................................................... 58 5.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER .......................................................................................................................... 58 5.1.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ROUTES OPTIONS .................................................................................. 58 PROJECT TOTAL INVESTMENT (10,000YUAN) ........................................................................................ 60 PROJECT TOTAL INVESTMENT (10,000YUAN) ........................................................................................ 60 PREPARATORY COST* ................................................................................................................................. 60 (10,000YUAN) ............................................................................................................................................... 60 PREPARATORY COST* ................................................................................................................................. 60 (10,000YUAN) ............................................................................................................................................... 60 TOTAL 147415.98 ....................................................................................................................................... 60 5.1.2. ALTERNATIVES.............................................................................................................................. 61 5.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ........................................................................................ 62 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE II JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 5.2.1. SLUDGE DISPOSAL OPTIONS......................................................................................................... 62 5.2.2. STABILISATION PROCESS OPTIONS ................................................................................................ 63 STABILIZATION METHOD .............................................................................................................................. 64 5.2.3. LAND UTILISATION OPTIONS AFTER STABILISATION ........................................................................ 64 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................................. 67 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP................................................................................................................................ 67 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS ................................................................................................................... 67 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR.............................................................................................. 67 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION .............................................................................................. 68 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES .............................................................................. 69 6.3.2. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ORGANIZATION ..................................................................................... 71 6.4. MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................. 71 6.4.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .................................................................................. 71 6.4.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING ...................................................................................................... 71 6.4.3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MONITORING .......................................................................................... 72 6.4.4. SLUDGE MONITORING.................................................................................................................... 73 6.4.5. MONITORING OF THE RECEIVING SITE ............................................................................................. 73 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP ........................................................................................................................ 73 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................................................................... 76 7.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER PROJECT........................................................................................................... 76 7.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ....................................................................................... 77 8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 79 8.1. PROPOSED COMPONENTS & EIA DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................... 79 8.2. IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 79 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE III JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLES TABLE 1: COMPOSITION OF WASTE WATER COMPONENTS .........................................................................................................................11 TABLE 2 OBJECTIVES AND HORIZONS OF SLUDGE TREATMENT PLAN ..........................................................................................................12 TABLE 3 INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT QUALITY OF SHIDONGKOU WWTP ........................................................................................................14 TABLE 4: PRESENT EFFLUENT QUALITY AND NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARD FOR ZHUYUAN NO.1 WWTP UNIT: MG/L .......................16 TABLE 4: SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS SPECIFICATIONS AND CAPACITY .....................................................................................................19 TABLE 6: SEWAGE COLLECTION CAPACITY OF THE WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ...............................................................................................20 TABLE 6: SUMMARY OF THE MAIN SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES ...........................................................................................................24 TABLE 8: SUMMARY OF THE MAIN SLUDGE TREATMENT WORKS ..................................................................................................................27 TABLE 7: 2002 WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (MG/L)...................................................................................................................34 TABLE 8: BAILONGGANG SURFACE WATER MONITORING RESULTS (MG/L)...................................................................................................35 TABLE 9: GAS POLLUTANT INDEX - BAILONGGANG .......................................................................................................................36 TABLE 10 NOISE MONITORING RESULTS OF PUMPING STATIONS (DB (A))....................................................................................................36 TABLE 11: COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE FROM THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN SHANGHAI, UNIT: MG/KG DS ...........................37 TABLE 12: REGIONAL SOCIAL ECONOMY DATASHEET ................................................................................................................................39 TABLE 13 PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION FOR WESTERN SEWER CONSTRUCTION ............................................................41 TABLE 15 WESTERN TRUNK CONSTRUCTION IMPACT ON FACILITY INFRASTRUCTURES ..................................................................................47 TABLE 16: ESTIMATION OF GAS DISCHARGE AND SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ....................................................................................................50 TABLE 17 SLUDGE CHARACTERISITICS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT .....................................................................................................53 TABLE 18 COMPARISON OF THE CURRENT SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE LAND UTILISATION STANDARDS ..........................................54 TABLE 19: COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE FROM THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN SHANGHAI, UNIT: MG/KG DS ...........................55 TABLE 20 COMPARISON OF LAND APPLICATION DISPOSAL OPTIONS ..........................................................................................................56 TABLE 22 COMPARISON BETWEEN SCENARIOS FOR THE WESTERN TRUNK PROJECT ..................................................................................60 TABLE 23 DESCRIPTION OF THE TWO SCENARIOS ......................................................................................................................................61 TABLE 24 COMPARISON OF SCENARIO 2A AND SCENARIO 2B ...................................................................................................................62 TABLE 25: COMPARISON OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL OPTIONS ...........................................................................................................................63 TABLE 27 COMPARISON OF SLUDGE STABILISATION PROCESSES................................................................................................................64 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE IV JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 27 SHANGHAI GARDENING SOIL STANDARD AND TREE PLANTING STANDARD ....................................................................................65 TABLE 28: FENCED AREA OF MARGINAL BANK ..........................................................................................................................................65 TABLE 29: WASTE WATER MONITORING – WESTERN TRUNK .....................................................................................................................72 TABLE 30 NOISE MONITORING – OPERATION PHASE .................................................................................................................................72 TABLE 31 GAS MONITORING – OPERATION ...............................................................................................................................................72 TABLE 33: SUMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS ..........................................................................................................................................75 TABLE 34: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WESTERN TRUNK COMPONENT .................................................77 TABLE 35: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT COMPONENT ........................78 TABLE 35: SUMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ...........................................................................................................................79 TABLE 36: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT ................................................80 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE V JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURES FIGURE 1: SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY WITHIN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION[REF. 10] ....................................................................................1 FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF SECTORS INCLUDED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASE S OF THE SHANGHAI APL ...............................................................3 FIGURE 3: FRAMEWORK FOR THE APL2 .....................................................................................................................................................5 FIGURE 5: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS ..................................................................................................................................6 FIGURE 6 CURRENT SLUDGE TREATMENT IN BAILONGGANG WWTP...........................................................................................................15 FIGURE 7: PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ZHUYUAN NO.1 WWTP...................................................................................................................16 FIGURE 8: PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ZHUYUAN NO.2 WWTP...................................................................................................................17 FIGURE 8: SEWAGE PUMPING STATION PROCESSES ..................................................................................................................................19 FIGURE 10: WESTERN TRUNK SEWER LOCATION ......................................................................................................................................21 FIGURE 11 WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ROUTE ............................................................................................................................................22 FIGURE 11: DIGESTION TANK PROCESS.....................................................................................................................................................23 FIGURE 12: BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY LOCATION ....................................................................................................25 FIGURE 14: BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY SITE .............................................................................................................26 FIGURE 12: ZHUYUAN SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY LOCATION ............................................................................................................28 FIGURE 14: SURFACE WATER LOCATION IN THE SHUEP AREA .................................................................................................................30 FIGURE 15: SURFACE WATER AND AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS – WESTERN TRUNK AREA .......................................................................33 FIGURE 17 ZINC AND NICKEL RESULTS FOR SLUDGE PRODUCED BY THE BAILONGGANG WWTP ..................................................................37 FIGURE 18: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP ...............................................................................................69 FIGURE 19: COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART ....................................................70 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE VI JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMES AND UNITS APL Adaptable Program Loan BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) BSMF Bailongang Sludge Management Facility COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CRE Chief Resident Engineer CSE Construction Supervision Engineer CSEA Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan DCRE Deputy Chief Resident Engineer DFV District Financing Vehicle EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA) ESD PMO-Environmental and Social Division ESFI Environmental and Social Field Inspector ESU Environmental and Social unit MWSC Minhang Water Supply Company NCP Nuisance Control Plan PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRC People’s Republic of China SAES Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences SCAESAB Shanghai City Apearance and Sanitation Bureau SEP Shanghai Environment Project SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SHUEP Shanghai Urban Environment Project SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet SS Suspended Solids SSP Shanghai Sewerage Project SSWC Shanghai South Water Company Ltd SWA Shanghai Water Authority SWAOD Shanghai Water Assets TA Technical Assistance WB World Bank WTS Western Trunk Sewer WTW Water Treatment Work WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant CURRENCIES RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8.3 RMB SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE VII JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY With a total population of over 16 million inhabitants1 excluding the “floating population”2 , Shanghai is China’s largest city and the third largest in Asia. Together with Beijing, Chongqing and Tianjin, Shanghai is one of the municipalities under direct control of the Central Government. Situated within the Yangtze Delta Region stretching from Ningbo in Zhejiang Province to Nanjing in Jiangsu Province, Shanghai is at the apex of a very large, highly urbanised and rapidly industrialising corridor. By 2005 this corridor will have a population slightly over 90 million inhabitants. FIGURE 1: SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY WITHIN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION[REF. 10] Jiangsu Changzhou Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River z Wuxi z Liuhe River Mouth of Kunshan Jiading z Baoshan Chang Jiang River z z Suzhou z Taihu Lake Suzhou Creek z Shanghai z Qingpu Chuansha z Wujiang z Nanhui z Songjiang z Legend Huangpu River East China Sea z Fengxian z City Jiashan z z Town z Road Jiaxing Zhejiang z Railway Jinshanwei Grand Canal z Pinghu z Tongxing Main River/Creek Haiyan z z Haining River/Creek Hangzhou Bay Provincial Boundary zYuhang  1.2. THE SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT The Shanghai Urban Environment Project (SHUEP) is intended to provide a sustainable environmental setting for the long-term economic and social development in the Municipality of Shanghai (see Figure 1) while supporting the provision of urban infrastructure. 1 According to the 2000 Census the total population in Shanghai was 16.41 million inhabitants, of which 13.14 were had an urban registration and 3.27 were “long-stay” migrants. 2 Estimates as high as 3 million have been recently proposed SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 1 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The SHUEP which was approved by the World Bank in June 2003 [Ref.11] would aim to support SMG to: • Implement the urban environment goal of its development strategy and thereby help to ensure that economic growth takes place in an environmentally and institutionally sustainable manner; • Provide major long-term environmental benefits to its millions of citizens and to the ecology of Shanghai Municipality; and • Develop innovative policies, institutional reforms and financing methods that are needed to support the environmental goals and that will serve as models for local government and environmental reform throughout China. Recognising that to achieve the desired development goals may require many years to resolve and cannot be addressed by a conventional3 (or typical) investment operation, the SHUEP has been devised as an Adaptable Program Loan consisting of a series of loans over a 7-10 year period, divided into 3 phases. A key requirement of the APL is that there is a clear and feasible development program in place to guide implementation of the projects and to provide clear milestones and benchmarks for policy and institutional reform. 1.2.1. THE OVERALL APL FRAMEWORK The overall framework for the SHUEP APL has been formulated in the Development Programme for Shanghai APL Project [Ref. 12]. As indicated in the document, the framework complies with (and has indeed been built upon) the Tenth Five Year Plan and the Shanghai General Master Plan. The APL has been divided into three phases. Each phase has a broad theme leading to a series of objectives, components, actions and triggers, and performance indicators. Although initially the core program/themes of the APL appears to form a continuum in time, in conceptual terms each phase is designed to give prominence to one aspect of the urban environmental strategy being pursued. As described in the Project Appraisal Document [Ref.11]: In Phase 1 prominence is given to further developing the underpinnings and enabling condition to pursue an integrated/regional approach to environmental issues. Investments included in this phase are those that are already known to be priority components of the integrated/regional approach (including the protection of upstream sources for water supply, expansion of shared landfills, complementary investments to increase efficiency of earlier investments). Further development of integrated/regional programs and related investments is expected to be continued during subsequent phases. Phase 1 will also test new approaches to upgrading urban environmental services in a poorer, underserved area through a pilot program. Phase 2 will support implementation of programs that address environmental issues of greater complexity and respond to the deepening of SMG’s work on the environmental agenda (including solid waste management program consolidation, bond finance and a district financing vehicle, and continue to expand the pilot approaches to upgrading urban environment services in poorer, underserved areas). Preparations for these Phase 2 activities are to be made during implementation of Phase 1. 3 It should not however be ignored that Shanghai has had a long and fruitful relationship with multi-lateral lending agencies such as the World Bank. Significant Projects in the environment sector include: • Shanghai Sewerage Project, • Shanghai Environment Programme • Second Shanghai Sewerage Programme • Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 2 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Phase 3 is the stage at which the Shanghai authorities hope to begin realising the fruits of their efforts to build up to a sustainable financial system for urban environment services. It is anticipated that further improvements to the operations, management and finances of at least some urban environment service utilities over the course of Phases 1 and 2 would enable the to move beyond the municipal budget to finance their capital investments on acceptable terms, either on the capital markets and/or obtaining finance from a sustainable district financing vehicle. Complementing this is the development and establishment during Phases 1 and 2 of the supply side, including enabling capital market/financing arrangements and institutions. Phase 3 also continues the deepening of the environmental agenda, moving on to begin pursuing some of the improvements in air quality potentially available from the increased supply of natural gas to the Shanghai metropolitan area. A summary of the sectors and key components proposed for inclusion in the Shanghai Urban Environment Project is included in Figure 2. FIGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF SECTORS INCLUDED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASE S OF THE SHANGHAI APL APL1 City Upper Urban Area Solid Waste IST Wastewater Huangpu Upgrading APL2 Urban Suburban Urban Area Environment Solid Waste IST Wastewater Improvement Upgrading APL3 Urban City Urban Area Environment IST Wastewater Improvement Upgrading SHanghai Urban Environment Project SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 3 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 1.2.2. PHASE 2 OF THE APL (APL2) SHUEP APL2 is planned to continue with the improvements to the infrastructure and environmental needs of the city proper, with phase 2 of the solid waste disposal project, and urban environment improvements as its main tasks. SHUEP Phase 2 will, at the same time, provide assistance to the governments at suburban district and county level in improving their infrastructure and service quality with the focus on several sewerage projects in the suburban area. During the implementation process, Shanghai will try new financing methods and mechanism in the city proper and suburban area. SHUEP Phase 2 will start in the second half of 2003 and should be completed in 2008. Since the outlining of the initial development programme, upon which the SHUEP has been based, a number of factors have intervened: • It has become evident that economic and population growth in Shanghai has been and will continue to exceed expectations as outlined in the master plan of 2002 and the associated sector plans. Although the development programme as initially outlined is still relevant, the sector plans are themselves outdated and require updating to support further the SHUEP. • The award of the Universal Expo 2010 to Shanghai, has further strengthened the commitment of Shanghai to the improvement of its environment. With the adoption of the “Better City, Better Life”, Shanghai aims at becoming an international financial centre, with a concomitant improvement in environmental conditions and service provision. A notable feature of this enhanced awareness of environmental issues is the adoption of more ambitious targets, notably for water supply where it is proposed to provide drinkable water quality to the consumer by 2010. The framework of the APL2 has therefore been adapted to reflect the new priorities of SMG. The components can be broadly sub-divided into 5 categories: • Water Sector Components, consisting of – Shanghai South Water Company Components – Minhang Water Company Components • Waste Water Sector Components (of SMSC) – North West Drainage Area Component – Sludge Treatment Component • Solid Waste Components – Gucun dump closure – Minhang dump closure – Sanlintan dump closure • District Financing Vehicle Componets – Chongming Wastewater; – Huaxin Wastewater – Chongming Solid Waste – Jinshan Solid Waste • Institutional Strengthening and Training An overview of the proposed framework for APL2 is included in Figure 3 Triggers for APL2 will consist of: 1) SHUEP Phase 1 should be ongoing/completed successfully with both SMG and the World Bank satisfied. 2) The various investment plans for SHUEP Phase 2 should be approved by SMG and SDPC and the project preparation should be agreed by the World Bank. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 4 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 3) Approval of the Upper Huangpu Catchment Management Plan, including recommendations for pollution source control and relevant institutional strengthening in the drinking water protection area. 4) Implementation of a publicity campaign for water conservation. 5) Approval of the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Master Plan, including adopting market- oriented charges on users, treatment, disposal, solid waste discharge fee, service charge policy, waste volume reduction, recovery and recycling, and the management and disposal of toxic and hospital wastes. 6) Start to prepare policies and regulations suitable for service/management contracts and/or a concession, and the signing of a social capital participation contract (BOT or concession) for a wastewater treatment facility. 7) Prepare the plan and prospectus for the issuance of long term domestic bonds for infrastructure financing. SMG will make every effort to obtain approval from the Central Government. 8) SMG will initiate a study on the policy and action plan for the establishment of a pilot water source protection fund. 9) Regulations drafted and submitted for municipal approval for agricultural pollution control. FIGURE 3: FRAMEWORK FOR THE APL2 APL2 District Wastewater Water Supply Solid Waste Financing IST Vehicle North West Suburban Enhanced Drainage Transport Wastewater Treatment Area Projects Network Suburban Sludge Dump Extension & Solid Waste Disposal Closure Rehabilitation Projects The project technical and financial preparation was carried out by Chinese local organisations and has been supported by various sources of international assistance to SMG, including SOGREAH, the Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultant to the Shanghai Project Management Office (PMO), the responsible institution for the overall preparation of the project. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 5 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 4: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS Western Trunk Sewer Shidongkou WWTP Guncun Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facility Minhang Changqiao Bailonggang Sludge SHANGHAI Management Facility Sanlintan Minhang Keys Dumpsite Water Works Sludge Facility SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 6 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, the infrastructure components of the Project fall under the Category A project and as such, have been subject to full EA. A second major objective is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan which should provide the operational basis for the implementation of mitigation measures both during construction and operation stages of the project. The overall EA for the project consists of the following series of documents • Volume 1: Summary EA • Volume 2: Water Sector EA • Volume 3: Wastewater Sector EA • Volume 4: Solid Waste Sector EA • Volume 5: Envionmental Management Plan • Volume 6: EA Framework for the DFV • EIAs for individual components (in Chinese only) In order to comply with PRC Regulation “Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Management for the Construction Project Loaned by International Finance Organisation” of June 21, 1993 and with World Bank Safeguards Operational Policy, the Project Management Office (PMO) and the Project Owners (Shanghai Municipal Sewerage Company) have commissioned the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences to carry out the EIA studies for the waste water components. This document, the Environmental Assessment for the waste water sector is an overall consolidated EA of the three waste water components namely the Western Trunk Sewer Component, the Bailongang Sludge Management facility, and the Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facility components. This EA report is based on the following technical reports: • EA documents : – Environment Impact Assessment for the Baillonggang Sludge Management Facility, Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute and the East China Normal University – Environment Impact Assessment for th Western Trunk Sewer, Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute and the East China Normal University • RAP documents: – Resettlement Action Plan for the Western Trunk Sewer, Shanghai Municipal Sewage companyEIA Changqiao Water Plant Upgrading Project , Main relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China applied in the EA are as follows: • Law of Environmental Protection of the PRC (December 26, 1989); • Law of Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (September 1, 2000); • Law of Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (revised on May 15, 1996); • Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (October 1996); • Law of Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (October 1995); SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 7 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (December, 1998); • Circulation on Strengthening EA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing of 1993; • Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-93); • Law of Environment Impact Assessment of the PRC (Approved in October 2002 and implemented since September 1, 2003); Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), Indigenous people (OD4.20), Natural Habitats (OP4.04) and Cultural Property (OP4.11) are applied in this EA. Since there are no project components that would involve forest, pest control chemicals, international waterways, dams or construction in disputed areas as defined under the World Bank’s OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these are not applicable. 1.4. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT The ensuing chapters of this report deal with the following topics: Chapter 2 Project Background & Description Provides an overview of the regional context of the different waste water components, discussing the existing masterplans and alternatives at the municipality wide level. The chapter then describes in detail the three components, namely: • The Western Trunk Sewer Project; • The Bailongang Sludge Management Facility; • The Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facility. Chapter 3 Environmental Baseline Situation Provides a general summary of the environmental baseline conditions pertinent to the water supply sector before dealing in detail with the baseline situation for each component. Chapter 4 Impact Assessment & Mitigation Presents the different impacts associated with each component together with a series of mitigation measures. Chapter 5 Alternatives Discusses the different alternatives proposed for each project in relation particularly to environmental impacts Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Presents the details of the EMP for the Waste Water Sector, together with tentative costs for the EMP SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 8 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Chapter 7 Public Consultation & Disclosure Summarises the results of the two Public Consultations and the different measures related to information disclosure. Chapter 8 Main Findings & Conclusions Summaries the main findings and conclusions of the individual EIAs and provides a summary table of the impacts and mitigation measures associated with the waste water sector components. The report is accompanied by a series of appendices covering the following topics : Appendix A Bibliography Appendix B Sludge Quality Measurements Appendix C Western Trunk Sewer – Photo Plates Appendix D Bailongang Sludge Treatment Facility – Photo Plates SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 9 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION 2.1. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR THE WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Shanghai is one of the most important economical, technical, financial, trade, information and cultural centre of China with the largest density of population. According to the “Shanghai Sewage System Specialised Masterplan”, the total population of Shanghai is expected to reach 16,000,000 in 2020 and the total quantity of sewage discharge is expected to be approximately 5,880,000m3/d. In order to protect the surface water quality, Shanghai Municipality Government has completed the 1st phase of Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project on the basis of Shanghai Sewage Project Phase 1 and Phase 2 (SSP1 and SSP2), meanwhile SSP3 and the 2nd phase of Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project have also been started. In the last few years, Shanghai completed many large-scale municipal WWTPs which have improved considerably the general water quality. However, the implementation of these WWTPs also increased the amount of sludge produced and raised issues regarding sludge management. By the end of 2003, secondary WWTPs’ treatment capacity has reached 900,000m3/d and primary WWTPs’ treatment capacity is 2,920,000m3/d. These WWTPs are producing sewage sludge over 1,000m3/d. In 1991 an experimental sludge sanitary landfill site with an area of 3500m2 is built in Taopu area, which is used for the disposal of sludge from Caoyang WWTP. In 1998, the sludge drying and incineration facility have been respectively installed in Sinopec Shanghai WWTP and Taopu WWTP with the design capacity of 200t dewatered sludge per day (with the water content about 80%) and 50t/d (with the water content about 85%). In September, 2004, the sludge drying and incineration facilities were installed in Shanghai Shidongkou Municipal WWTP, which is now under commissioning. However, all these sludge treatment facilities are either too small or beyond normal operation, thus there is still no successful application for sewage sludge in Shanghai. At the present, the majority of sludge after suitable dewatering is transported to the suburbs or in the countryside and is used as fertiliser for agriculture. However, the fast growing urban economy development will lead to an increasing quantity of sewage sludge and the re-use of sludge as fertilisers will be more and more difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the management of sewage and sludge in order to reduce the sludge quantity. In Shanghai, all of the WWTP are solely equipped with dehydration treatment sludge process with the exception of three WWTP which are also equipped with a stabilisation process. According to the Pollutant Standards discharge for the Waste Water Plant (GB18918-2002), a stabilisation treatment system is required. 2.2. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS The waste water components of the SHUEP-APL2 are the construction of the Western trunk sewer and the construction of the Bailonggang management facility. These components are summarised below. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 10 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 1: COMPOSITION OF WASTE WATER COMPONENTS Project components Contents of the project Installation of 24.45km of sewer pipe through three administrative areas including Putuo, Zhabei and Boashan. Upgrading One pumping station (Xincun road pumping station) Western Trunk Sewer and construction of three pumping stations (Zoumatang, Project Wenzaobang and Yueluo road) and installation of monitoring equipment Upgrading or Construction of main sewer and branches connection in the Boashan area Bailonggang Sludge Construction of a sludge treatment facility using anaerobic Management Facility digestion of a capacity of 400tDS/day Zhuyuan Sludge Construction of sludge treatment facility for Zhuyuan No.1 and No.2 WWTPs by anaerobic digestion with the capacity of Management Facility 309tDS/day For the Western Trunk Sewer (WTS) component, the total project investment is approximately 1,138 million RMB, including 460 million RMB for the construction. The constructions of the pipe, the pumping stations and of the branches are estimated to cost 251 million RMB, 77 million RMB and 44 million RMB respectively. For the Bailonggang Sludge Management Facility (BSMF), the preliminary estimate for the construction cost of the project is 794,139,000 Yuan and the construction is planned to be completed in 2007. For Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facility (ZSMF), the preliminary estimate for the construction cost of the project is 888,955,100 Yuan and the construction is planned to be completed in 2008. 2.3. SHANGHAI WASTE WATER PLANNING This project is compatible with the City of Shanghai including the Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999-2020), the Shanghai Sewage System Specialised Master Plan, the Shanghai 2003-2005, 3 years Environmental Protection and Construction Plan and the local development plan. In Addition, the WST component supports the Local Development Plan of the area and the BSMF component supports the Shanghai City Sewage Sludge Treatment and Disposal Master Plan, draft. Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999-2020) The Shanghai Urban Master Plan includes: • Protection of the environment of water of Shanghai by protecting the river course and their surroundings. • Secure the water supply of Shanghai by promoting the use of Yangzte River as major water supply source. (a) Strict control of waste water discharge of municipal areas located upstream of Yangzte River (b) protect Qingcaosha water intake and (c) Strengthening of the protection of the water source protection area upstream of Huangpu. • Improve the drainage system of Shanghai by transforming and upgrading the drainage network and lay out, by protecting the water resources, by controlling discharge of the water upstream of the river Yangtze, by improving the processing of sewage to more than 80%. • Improvement of sewage treatment: The sewage treatment rate should reach 95-100% and the sludge utilisation rate should reach 100%. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 11 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Shanghai Sewage System Specialised Master Plan "Shanghai Sewage System Specialized Plan" fixed future goals on sewage collection and sludge treatment for 2005, 2010 and 2020: in 2005. TABLE 2 OBJECTIVES AND HORIZONS OF SLUDGE TREATMENT PLAN Objective Short-term (2005) Middle-term (2010) Long-term (2020) Wastewater collection rate 70% 80% 90% Wastewater treatment rate 70% 80% 90% more than enhanced primary more than enhanced primary Secondary treatment treatment treatment Utilization rate of treatment 75% 80% 90% facilities Sludge stabilization and 70% 80% 90% reduction rate According to this plan, sludge will be treated and disposed. Disposal of sludge will be implemented by phases: in the short term through landfill disposal and in the long term through comprehensive utilisation and incineration. Shanghai 2003-2005, 3 years environmental Protection and Construction Plan "Shanghai 2003 - 2005 Environmental protection and Construction Plan” includes special requirements such as the increase of amount of sewage pipe network, sewage plant construction, increase the sewage collection rate and the waste water processing rate, reduce discharge quantity of polluted water. The proposed measures to achieve these goals are construction of main sewage pipe and secondary branch pipes and enhance the sewage treatment plant productivity. Shanghai City Sewage Sludge Treatment and Disposal Master plan, draft – BSMF project • Short term - 2007: The sludge stabilisation and reduction rate for sludge from WWTP should reach 25%. Sludge utilisation studies should be carried out and sludge utilisation rate should achieve 25%. The sludge stabilisation, reduction and utilisation pilot study should be carried out in Zhuyuan and Bailonggang WWTP and the sludge utilisation rate should reach 50%. • Long-term -2010: The dewatering rate and stabilisation rate of sludge from WWTP in centre city should be 100%. The utilisation rate of the sludge should achieve 90%. • Treatment Process and Disposal of Sludge: Use of sludge landfill is a temporary emergency measure. The final disposal of sludge could be used as cover for landfill, landscaping and soil conditioner (neutralisation of alkaline soils), land reclamation for beaches, construction material and as fertilisers. For the long term, sludge from large scale WWTP should use anaerobic digestion process. For sludge from industrial waste water treatment containing contaminants drying and incineration. For sludge from small WWTP plant, aerobic composting. The Local Development Plan –WST project • The overall plan for the Boasham area is the construction of the modern town along the river, which will enable good performance of the steel industries, and development of related industries, establishment of a world class shipbuilding industry, establishment of an international shipping centre, suitable housing and improvement of environmental conditions. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 12 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • The layout plan for Putuo area is to develop its existing functions such as business trade centre, leisure housing, production processes and travel services. In 2020, the population of Putuo should be of 1,000,000 people occupying 2,400ha, accounting for 43.6 % of the central residential area of Shanghai • The 3 years planning goals for the Zhabei area is to renovate roads, extend subway line, increase local development (trade, culture and leisure centres, housing and industry). . 2.4. EXISTING SITUATION FOR EACH COMPONENTS 2.4.1. WEST TRUNK SEWER The Western Trunk Sewer was constructed in 1971 for the improvement of water quality in Suzhou Creek. From 1970’s to the early 1990 ‘s, the west trunk sewer collected combined sewage from five districts, namely Putuo, Jing’an, Changning, Zhabei and Huangpu, and municipal sewage from Taopu, Nanxiang and Baosteel areas, and finally discharged the wastewater into Yangzte river near ShiDongkou. In the 1990’s, with the launch of Shanghai Sewage Projects (SSP1 and SSP2), two main sewer lines were completed in order to improve Shanghai sewage system. The implemented SSP1 took over some areas that were served by Western Trunk Sewer. The Western trunk sewer has an overall length of 23.2km, starting from Xincun Road pumping station in the south and arriving at Shidongkou WWTP in Baoshan. The Western Trunk Sewer covers approximately an area of 192km2 and enables the collection of wastewater for 1,785,500 people. Its original design flow rate is 600,000m3/d. In 2003, the average flow rate of sewage in Western Trunk sewer was estimated to be 287,000m3/d. Main sewer pipe Because of its old design criteria and long operation time, there are several problems emerging currently in Western Trunk Sewer. These problems were as below. • During the time Western Tunk Sewer was built, the sub-urban of old Shanghai was a rural area. Development of the area caused presence of physical structures on sewer route. As a consequence one third of manholes are currentlt destroyed or are missing. • Brick arch and reinforcement arch shape were used to build this trunk sewer without necessary inner coating for corrosion control. Therefore the current sewer supporting structure is heavily corroded. • No flow meters have being installed along this trunk sewer • Serious sedimentation happened in some parts of this trunk sewer after connectionof the western trunk sewer with the SSP1, causing clogging of the pipe and difunctionning of the inverted siphons. Pumping Stations There are 5 pump stations along whole West Trunk Line from Xincun Road~Shidongkou, namely Xincun Road Pumping Station, Zouma Pond Pumping Station, Yunzao Brook Pumping Station, Meipuhe Pump Station and Lianqi Pumping Station. The following issues were observed in all the pumping stations with the exception of Xincun Road Pumping Station: SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 13 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • Derelict state including leakages and cracks on the pumpiing station walls and roofs, tank walls, concrete surface of the water shaft and floor. • Pumping stations dating from 1971 are in bad condition which causes operational disfunctionning and make replacing part difficult. Non conformity of the equipment. • The Pumping stations do not have any monitoring equipement such as flow meters, water grid. Connection of branch lines Currently 32 branche lines are connected to the main sewer. However, the Western Trunk Sewer route is crossing the area of Baosham, but no connnection exists between the sewer branc line of this area and the sewer. Therefore the waste water from the branch lines is discharged to the wester trunk by connection to manholes and overflow outfalls. Current flow characteristics The average sewage flow rate in the western trunk sewer ranged from 218,000m3/d in 2001 to 286,700m3/d in 2003 and the maximum sewage flow rate ranged from 300,000m3/d in 1971 to 600,000m3/d in 1980. The flow rate of sewage collected by the western trunk is variable from one day to another. Its variability may be attributed to (1) the branches before the Xincun road pumping stations are connected to the SSP1 sewer and (2) the water collected by the western trunk sewer is combined rain-water and sewage water due to the delay of the construction of the drainage network during development of residential areas. At present the average sewage flow rate in 250,000m3/d in dry weather and the average flowrate for rainwater by rainy day is 107,000m3/d (this rainwater flowrate can reach 250,000m3/d by very heavy rain). Monitoring of the existing system Due to its derelict state (manholes destroyed or missing, lack of monitoring equipment such as flowmeter), the monitoring of the existing western trunk sewer is thought to be minimum. No data could be found regarding these. Shidongkou Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) and future Taihe WWTP The western trunk sewer discharge is Shidongkou WWTP, one of the six major zones for sewage systems in Shanghai. The Shidongkou waste water treatment capacity is limited to 400,000m3/d in order to protect the downstream water intake. The actual treatment quantity of about 330,000m3/d. The treated wastewater comes from the separate system consisting of 40% industrial wastewater and 60% domestic wastewater, whose quality is shown in the following table: TABLE 3 INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT QUALITY OF SHIDONGKOU WWTP Item COD(mg/l) BOD(mg/l) SS(mg/l) NH3-N(mg/l) TP(mg/l) TN(mg/l) Influent 400 200 250 30 4.5 / Effluent ≤60 ≤20 ≤20 ≤10 ≤1 ≤15 The treatment and disposal for the sludge from Shidongkou WWTP is as follows: Thickening Dewatering Drying Incineration Landfill SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 14 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT In the future, the implementation of a WWTP located in the Baoshan district should enable to treat overflow sewage coming from the western trunk which cannot be treated by the Shidongkou WWTP. According to the professional planning of the town sewage system in Baoshan District, the future Taihe WWTP will be located to the north side of Yunzao Brook in Baoshan District, between Yangsheng River and Jiangyang Road. Future Taihe WWTP design will enable to treat 150,000~300,000m3/d of sewage and to treat the excess water from the western trunk. 2.4.2. BAILONGGANG WWTP Bailonggang WWTP Bailonggang WWTP is located in Pudong New District, on the eastern bank of the Yangtze River. As the following-on project of Shanghai Sewage Project Phase 2 (SSP2), Bailonggang WWTP mainly treats sewage collected by SSP2 which decreases release of contaminant in the Yangtze estuary and protects the water environment of Huangpu River and Yantze River. The Bailonggang WWTP currently treats 1,200,000m3/d of waste water by primary treatment process (flocculants and auxiliary agents), in which waste water goes through screen, grit removal chamber, high sedimentation tank (removal of phosphorous and organic pollutants) and finally discharges into Yangzte River. In the future, the capacity of the Bailonggang WWTP shall be increased to 2,100,000m3/d and secondary treatment (biofilters) will be added. Sludge Treatment At present, sludge produced from existing Bailonggang is treated using a dewatering process as described below. After dewatering the sludge is disposed in a sanitary landfill especially designed to receive sludge. The landfill is used to dispose sludge from Bailonggang and Zhuangang WWTP and its capacity is estimated to 5 years. FIGURE 5 CURRENT SLUDGE TREATMENT IN BAILONGGANG WWTP Storage Dewatering Sludge Sludge Landfill Tank house Stockhouse Site The quantity of sludge produced by the WWTP from the sedimentation tank is 6,933m3/d (97% of water). The sludge after dehydration treatment has 70% of water which represent a volume equivalent to 208tDS/d. 2.4.3. ZHUYUAN NO.1 AND NO.2 WWTPS Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP is located north of the discharge trunk of SSP1, south of Haitang Road, East of Urban Outer Ring (Eastern Ring No.1 Avenue) and west of Yangtze Dyke with the treatment capacity of 1.70million m3/d. The Phase One of Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP is now still under construction, which is equiped with the enhanced primary treatment process for the removal of SS and P. However, in the long term the secondary (biological) treatment will be added to meet the requirements of national discharge standard Class II as shown in the flow chart of Figure 6. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 15 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 6: PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ZHUYUAN NO.1 WWTP And the present effluent quality and the discharge standard for Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP are shown in the following table. According to the table, it is found that among all the parameters only TP could meet the national discharge standard Class II. TABLE 4: PRESENT EFFLUENT QUALITY AND NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARD FOR ZHUYUAN NO.1 WWTP UNIT: MG/L Item Present effluent quality National standand Class II BOD5 60 30 CODCr 150 100 SS 40 30 NH3-N 30 25 TP 1 1 As for Zhuyuan No.2 WWTP, it is located south of the discharge trunk of SSP1, north of the planned Hangjin Road and just adjacent to Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP. As a part of SSP3, this secondary treatment plant is designed according to the national discharge standard Class II with the capacity of 500,000m3/d, whose treatment process is shown in Figure 7. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 16 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 7: PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ZHUYUAN NO.2 WWTP 2.5. NEED FOR THE PROJECT The rehabilitation project of the Western Trunk Sewer is urgently needed for the following reasons: • The existing western collection system (serving the Baoshan & Jiading areas) is overloaded, structurally unsound and in need of urgent replacing; • Increase the capacity of the sewer to satisfy the requirement of wastewater discharge increase estimated for the future • Maximise the treatment capacity of Shidongkou WWTP, by enabling constant sewage incoming flow into the factory. • Improve the existing problem raised by the collection of mixed rain and sewage water. • Enable collection of waste water from the Boashan area to promote environmental and economical development of the area: • Any discharge of wastewater to the Yangtze upstream of Shanghai’s proposed long term water supply intakes and storage systems is undesirable, and should be eliminated or minimized. Implementation of the Bailonggang Management Facility is needed for the reasons as follows: • Sludge and sewage treatments are of equal importance to solve urban water pollution issue. Sludge treatment and disposal are the safeguard for the final implementation of sewage treatment. • Compliance with the “Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants” (GB18918-2002) - This standard defines the sludge control criteria, requires the sludge of urban sewage treatment plants to be subject to stabilized treatment and specifies the control indexes. Sludge contains nutrients and useable substances. When sludge outlet is solved, sludge resourcing can be realized. Therefore, it is fully necessary to build the sludge treatment project of Bailonggang Urban Sewage Treatment Plant to make its sludge treatment meet the national standard. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 17 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • Compliance to the target of the urban plan for sludge treatment and disposal - in near term, the stabilization rate of sewage sludge in Shanghai shall reach 100%. Bailonggang Sewage Treatment Plant has a large scale and produces a bigger amount of sludge, accounting for a high percentage in the total sewage sludge of Shanghai. This project plays an important part for Shanghai to realize the control target of sewage sludge. • Long term sludge treatment facility - The current disposal sludge capacity of the lagoon / landfill site present on the plant site is 5 years. Therefore, a long term option for sludge treatment / disposal / management is required. • Support the predicted increase of volume of produced sludge associated to an increase of treatment capacity of the Bailonggang WWTP. In the near future, the capacity of the Bailonggang WWTP will double, causing increase of sludge production and increasing the issues associated with sludge disposal. • The Bailonggang sludge management facility is considered as a trial for sludge treatment /management in Shanghai. If its efficiency is demonstrated, it could be used in other WWTP located in the area of Shanghai. And besides the objectives of compliance with urban sludge treatment plan and “Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants” (GB18918-2002), the necessity of Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facilities lies in: • These two WWTPs (Zhuyuan No.1 and No.2 WWTP) are expected to be put into full operation around 2005 with the total wastewater treatment quantity of 2.2million m3/d. Therefore the sludge treatment is necessary to ensure the safe operation of the WWTPs. • These two WWTPs are estimated to produce a large amout of sludge, that is, 309tDS/d including screenings, grit, residual activated sludge and some chemical sludge with the total volume up to 883m3/d (65% water content), which need further reduction. • The potentail hazards of sludge from Zhuyuan WWTPs, mainly including heavy metal, organic matters and pathogen, require proper treatment and disposal. • In the original design of Zhuyuan No.1 and No.2 WWTPs, the dehydrated sludge is directly sent to Bailonggang without stabilization. However due to the limited capacity of Bailonggang sludge landfill site and also considering sludge reutilization, it is necessary to carry out the stabilization treatment. 2.6. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS 2.6.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER The Western Trunk Sewer includes three components: construction of a main sewage pipe, construction or upgrading of pumping stations and transformation of connection between main sewage and branches in the Boashan area. The location of the western trunk is presented in Figure 9 Western Trunk Sewer main pipe The route for the sewer pipe has not yet been established definitively but will aim to unify the existing system and the proposed system as appropriately as possible. The total length of the main pipeline is estimated to 24.3km (see Figure 10). The recommended pipeline route is : Xincun Road pumping station-Xixiang Road-Pingli Road-Zhidan Road-West Guangzhong Road- Yuncheng Road-Gaoping Road-Wenshui Road-the planned Kangping Road-the planned Fuchang Road-Shitai Road-Yunchuan Road-Meishui Road-Shidongkou WWTP. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 18 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The main pipeline sewer design will use both gravity and pressure flow. The design will include use of φ2400~φ2700mm pipeline, use automatic ventilation valves or ventilation holes every 500 to 1000m for pressure pipes (flow). For the inverted siphon, the design needs the requirement of velocity of 0.9m/s. The open trench method, the pipe jacking method, the coffer dam methods will be used during construction. Pumping stations Four pumping stations are proposed to be redeveloped including upgrading of the existing Xincun road pumping stations and construction of the three other stations: Zoumatang, Wenzoabang and Yuelo road. At proximity of the Wenzaobang sewage pumping station, four water storage tanks (Total volume of 100,000m3) will be built. FIGURE 8: SEWAGE PUMPING STATION PROCESSES Waste Shidongkou water Outlet WWTP Inlet gas Screen Pumping Tank Pressure Station Well The pumping stations have been designed in order to support the quantity of sewage predicted for the near future and in the long term and their capacity and characteristics are presented below. TABLE 5: SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS SPECIFICATIONS AND CAPACITY Design Sewage pumping Short-term Long-term capacity Pumps specification No. station name Sewage Flow rate 10,000 m3/d Xincun Road Q=990l/s, H=5.0m 3 14.5 17.8 23.1 Zoumatang Q=350l/s, H=5.0m 3 Q=1800l/s, H=5.5m 3 Yunzaobang 25 3.24 32.4 Q=310~280l/s, H=5.5~5.8m 3 Xincun Road Q=1220l/s, H=7.0m 3 30 13 38.9 Zoumatang Q=830l/s, H=7.0m 2 Q=1400~1330l/s, H=9.6~10.2m 4 Yunzaobang 38.5 31 50.1 Q=880~820l/s, H=9.6~10.2m 2 Branches connection Up to now from Xincun road pumping station to Shidongkou WWTP, there are in total 32 branches connection with the main sewer pipe. There are three connections under construction or to be constructed. Service scope and collection capacity of the western trunk sewer The designed scale of West Trunk Line is 400,000m3/d and matches the scale of Shidongkou Sewage Treatment Plant. The service scope of West Trunk Line includes the areas to the north and south of Yunzao Brook. The regional service area is 192.93km2, including a population of 1,785,500 and the predicted amount of sewage is approximately 815,000m3/d, in which 400,000m3/d is transported to Shidongkou WWTP by the Western Trunk Sewer (130,000m3/d for the southern area of and 270,000m3/d for the northern area of Yunzao Brook), 350,000m3/d will be transferred from Wenshui Road to Phase I Combined Project and 65,000m3/d will be treated locally where a future treatment plant is planned. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 19 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 6: SEWAGE COLLECTION CAPACITY OF THE WESTERN TRUNK SEWER Current Sewage Amount Near-Term Sewage Long-Term Sewage Amount Designed 3 3 3 (10,000m /d) Amount (10,000m /d) (10,000m /d) Sewage Road Section This This This Amount Subtotal Subtotal Subtotal 3 Section Section Section (10,000m /d) In front of Xincun Road Pump 10.80 14.50 17.80 Station Xincun Road~Wenshui Road 7.55 18.35 4.50 19.00 7.48 25.28 25.28 Wenshui Road~Zouma Pond 1.59 19.94 6.00 25.00 12.96 *3.24(35.00) 25.00 Zouma Pond~Yunzao Brook 1.68 21.62 5.00 30.00 9.76 13.00 30.00 *31.00 Yunzao Brook~Yueluo Road 0.25 21.87 5.00 35.00 24.50 35.00 (6.5) Yueluo Road~Shidongkou 0.80 25.21 5.00 40.00 9.00 40.00 40.00 Sewage Plant Total 25.21 40.00 40.00 40.00 3 3 Note: 1. *3.24 (35) There is 382,400m /d in total, in which 350,000m /d is conveyed from pipes of Wenshui Road to Phase I Combined Main Pipe. 3 3 2. *31 (6.5) There is 375,000m /d in total, in which 65,000m /d is planned to be discharged in the future WWTP in Baoshan District. 3. The current sewage amount in the above table is from the operation data in “Investigation Report of Present Situations of Sewage Conveyance Main Pipe in West Zone”. The current operating sewage amount of West Trunk Line 3 is 270,000~280,000m /d now. In order to minimise the current problem of combined collection of rain water and sewage, an allowance of 100,000m3/d for rainwater will be included in the design of the sewer. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 20 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 9: WESTERN TRUNK SEWER LOCATION SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 21 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 10 WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ROUTE SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 22 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 2.6.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY The sludge treatment facilities will be laid out in the reserved area in Bailonggang WWTP on the lee, namely northwest of the plant just beside the existing sludge treatment works (the storage tanks and the dewatering house). The sludge treatment area is isolated from other areas by greening belts, and another piece of land is also reserved in the east of the sludge treatment area for the long-term expansion of the WWTP (see Figure 6 and 7). The sludge management facility is designed for the 6,933m3/d wet sewage sludge (97% of water content) produced by the treatment of 1,200,000m3/d wastewater at Bailonggang WWTP. The process will use anaerobic digestion, in which the generated gas could be utilized in the methane boiler and also as the heat source for the planned pilot drying process. It is a relative mature process and more convenient in operation management with a lower treatment cost compared to other stabilization process, especially for such a large-scale WWTP. FIGURE 11: DIGESTION TANK PROCESS Gas Gas Heat exchanger In-sludge (70→60℃) Reaction area Recycling Digested sludge The quantity of treated sludge will increase in the medium and long term (current sludge production 208tDS/d, medium term sludge production 217tDS/d, long term sludge production 380tDS/d). The capacity of the sludge management facility will correspondingly be expanded in the future to meet the increase of sludge production. The main sludge treatment processes are summarised in Table 5. In the short term, drying of the sludge will only be carried out on a pilot scale: 10% of the digested sludge will be dried (30% of water content) and 90% of the sludge will be dewatered (70% of water content). In the long term, all the sludge should be dried and achieve a water content of 30%. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 23 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 7: SUMMARY OF THE MAIN SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES Treatment Works Main design parameters Design capacity For the short term, wastewater treatment capacity is 120m3/d, sludge treatment capacity is 208t DS/d, wet sludge flowrate is 6933m3/d with water content of 97% Sludge thickening Sludge-in 6933m3/d with water content of 97%, sludge-out 4160m3/d with water content house 95%, flocculant dosing is 0.2% (mass ratio), 5 thickening machines for the short term (4 in use, 1for backup, with treatment capacity of 100m3/hr) Sludge digestor 9 One-phase medium-temperature anaerobic digestors, 12000m3 for each, 33~35℃, 25d’s retention time, with maximum diameter of 25m, and taking gas production rate as 0.64m3/kgVSS/d, the average full-load gas production is 26624m3/d Gas storage tank 4 with the volume of 2150m3 for each, with the gas storage time of 7.75hr Gas burning tower 2 with the capacity of 550~850m3/hr for each Sludge distribution 1 with the diameter of 2.4m well before conditioners Conditioner 4 with the diameter of 20m, the efficient water depth of 2.5m and the retention time of 18hr Dewatering house Water content of dewater sludge is about 70% (Built) Conveying system 2 sets of pumps sending sludge into sludge stockhouse with the distance of pressurized pipes about 170m Drying house 1 with drying capacity of 166.4t DS/d Intake well for 1 cooling water Pumping station for 1 with the capacity of 480m3/hr for cooling water and 100m3/hr for fire water cooling and fire water Cooling water filters 6 filters with the total capacity 480m3/hr for cooling water (5 in use, 1 for backup) Storage tank for 1 with the storage time of 1hr cooling water SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 24 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 12: BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY LOCATION SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 25 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 13: BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY SITE SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 26 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 2.6.3. ZHUYUAN SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY The sludge management facility is planned to be located in the reclaimed area near the deep water discharge outlet, which is to the southeast of Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP and to the east of Zhuyuan No.2 WWTP with the area of 13.15ha. The project includes the stabilization and drying treatment for sludge from both Zhuyuan No.1 and No.2 WWTPs. And in order to ensure the smooth process flow, the constructed dewatering house of Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP will be removed at the same time. The sludge management facility is designed for the 10,300m3/d wet sewage sludge (97% of water content), produced by the treatment of 2,200,000m3/d wastewater (1,700,000m3/d from Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP and 500,000m3/d from Zhuyuan No.2 WWTP). The same process as Bailonggang Management Facility will be used, which is anaerobic digestion, in which the generated gas could be utilized in the methane boiler and also as the heat source for the drying process. The quantity of treated sludge will be 309tDS/d, among which 255tDS/d from Zhuyuan No.1 WWTP and 54tDS/d from Zhuyuan No.2 WWTP. Since the sludge from the two WWTPs are different due to their different wastewater treatment process, a conditioning and mixing well should be properly installed before digestion. And tow sludge feeding pipelines are planned for the more flexible operation. The main sludge treatment works are summarised in the following table. TABLE 8: SUMMARY OF THE MAIN SLUDGE TREATMENT WORKS Treatment works Major design parameters Design capacity The wastewater treatment capacity is 2.20million m3/d, sludge treatment capacity is 309t DS/d, and the wet sludge flow rate is 10,300m3/d with water content of 97%. Sludge digester 12 One-phase medium-temperature anaerobic digesters, 17500m3 for each, 33~35℃, 20d’s retention time, with maximum diameter of 28.5m, and taking gas production rate as 0.80m3/kgVSS/d, the long-term full-load gas production is 75396m3/d Desulphurization tower 2 sets Gas storage tank 4 with the volume of 8000m3 for each, with the gas storage time of 10hr Gas burning tower 2 with the capacity of 3150m3/hr Sludge conditioner 2 with the size of 6*6m Post-thickener 4 with the diameter of 30m, the efficient water depth of 2.5m and the retention time of 16hr Dewatering house Water content of dewater sludge is about 65%, 215tDS/d Conveying house 2 sets of pumps sending sludge into sludge stockhouse Drying house 1 with drying capacity of 215t DS/d, which dries the water content of sludge from 65% to 10% at the temperature 60~70℃ Pumping house for 1 with the flow rate 100m3/hr for cooling water and 100m3/hr for fire water cooling water and fire water SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 27 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 14: ZHUYUAN SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY LOCATION SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 28 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION 3.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING 3.1.1.1. GEOGRAPHY The waste water components are located within the Shanghai Municipality which is at the southeast edge of the estuary in Yangtze River Delta. In the area, the topography is relatively uniform ranging from 3.8 to 5.0mAOD. The WTS component is located in the Shanghai urban district including Putuo, Zhabei and Baoshan areas. The BSMF component is located within Heqing town of Pudong new district along the estuary of Yangzte River. 3.1.1.2. GEOLOGY The regional geology of the area of Shanghai is generally composed by a top layer of alluvium, marine and fluvial deposits to a depth of 30m. Underneath the alluvium, there are tertiary volcanic rocks and Jurassic volcanic rocks. The volcanic activities of late Jurassic in this area is controlled by the regional fracture structure of Fengjing-Chuansha base. The volcanic basin of Jinqiao Structure develops on this fracture, and is widely distributed to the northwest. 3.1.1.3. CLIMATE Shanghai has the obvious subtropics climate characteristics. The average annual temperature is 15.7°C with an extreme temperature of 37.0°C and a lowest temperature of -7.4°C. The average annual precipitation is 1127.7mm and the average mean sunshine time is approximately 2,170 hours. On the coast, the average rainfall may be higher and reach 1,428.5mm. The average relative humidity is 80%. The annual average wind speed in this area is 3.2m/s. The main wind in the region is from southeastern direction. Secondary winds are from the northwest and northeast. In 2003, average annual temperature was 17.4°C, the sunshine time was 1,700 hours and the rainfall was 931.2mm. About 50% of the rainfall in a year occurs in the flood season from May to September, which could be divided into 3 periods: spring rain, plum rain and autumn rain. The area is often struck by typhoon or tropical storms during the wet seasons. There were 3-4 intense typhoons in the past 10 years. 3.1.1.4. HYDROLOGY The location of main rivers and reservoirs in the project area are shown on Figure 15 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 29 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 15: SURFACE WATER LOCATION IN THE SHUEP AREA SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 30 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Rivers and lakes Shanghai is covered by a complex and dense surface water network with the density of 26~27km/km2 including rivers and lakes, most of which belong to the Taihu Lake Basin. The main river, Huangpu River, originates from Taihu Lake which is located 113km away. It is 1113.4km long from Taihu Lake to Wusongkou with the width about 400m and the depth about 7-9m. Mijiadu is the major discharge canal of Taihu Lake with the average annual flow rate of about 300m3/s. Yangtze River is the biggest water resource going through Shanghai. The Shanghai section of the river is approximately 15km wide with the average flow rate about 29,300m3/s. The highest tide observed of this river section is 5.64m. Huangpu River and Yangtze River are the main water supply source of Shanghai. The inner rivers have water level of approximately 2.5m to prevent flood and to ensure the navigation and agricultural irrigation. As Shanghai is located on the East China Sea, inner canals are under tidal influence. When entering the sea the impact scope of the water from Yangtze River could reach 50 km, and normally the inland will not be impacted by saline intrusion, unless there is spring tide or the water level of inner rivers is too low. About 468,000,000 tons of mud and sand are flushed from Yangtze River into the sea, most of which is accumulated at the estuary of Yangtze River and the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay. The sand content of water from Yangtze River is higher than that of water from Huangpu River. 3.1.1.5. BEACH CHARACTERISTICS The riverside area from Laohaibin to Sanjiagang is in total 24km long, where grass seedling land, reed land and beaches are sporadically distributed with the total area of about 535.2ha.The riverside area from Sanjiagang to Panjiahong is 11.7km long with 399.4ha grass seedling land and reed land. There is a large area of beach, in which there is about 865.4ha of beach above 2-3m and about 166.7ha available for land reclamation. The eastern bank of Wusongkou is used as a 2,000m bathing beach. 3.1.1.6. GROUNDWATER In the area of Shanghai, the ground water level is relatively high with the water table depth ranging from 0.5 to 1.5m. The deep groundwater in Shanghai area is mainly stored in the sand and gravel soils of variable thickness. There are four types of aquifers in the area located to depth ranging from 20-30m to 240-250m. Shallow groundwater is brackish and becomes fresher with depth. The ground water in the shallow layers has been widely exploited. 3.1.1.7. NATURAL DISASTER The district is located at the front edge of Yangtze Delta in the mid-latitude of Latitude North, which is affected by monsoon with variable and complex climate and frequent hazardous weather. • Typhoon: The typhoon period is from July to September every year. Typhoon intensity is amplified when there is meteorological tide. • Drought: The drought happens during summer and autumn according to ten years’ historical record. • Hailstorm: It happens normally between April and August, for example, in 1971, 1975, 1977 and 1985. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 31 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • Tornado: Tornado happened in September in 1956, 1962 and 1976, which brought severe damage to the local area. • Earthquake: The project area is located to the east of seismic region of Kunshan-Huzhou in the Yangtze Delta which experience occasional low frequency earthquake. The national anti- seismic standard for Shanghai construction is 6 Degree. 3.1.1.8. WATER QUALITY The surface quality within the western trunk project should comply with the class IV standard and within the Bailonggang project should comply with class II. Western Trunk area The pipeline route encounters many river courses including Zoumatang, Wenzaobang, Sha Pu, Meipu, Muru River, LianQi River and Gujing River and Yangsheng River. The quality of the water of these water courses are monitored every year by the Environment Protection Bureau for parameters including pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), permanganate index, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammonia, metals, cyanide, phenol and hydrocarbons. The location of the monitoring points are shown in Figure 16. The quality results from 2002 are presented in Table 9. The monitoring results show that the quality of the water range from class I to class >V depending on the locations and on parameters monitored. The water quality of the rivers monitored should comply with class IV. However, the 2002 results showed that most of the parameters did not achieve Class IV Quality Standard, with number of parameters exceeding the class IV ranging from 2 to 9 depending on the location. The less polluted water is observed in river Gujing and the worse quality is measured in water sampled in Zoumatang River. The parameters for which the quality exceeds the class IV standard in all the samples are ammonia and total nitrate. . The quality of the water from the cross-sections of the bridge across Wenchuan Road on Wenzaobang Creek, the bridge across Wenchuan Road on Lianqi River and the bridge across North Fuchang Road on Yangsheng River has dropped in comparison with 2001 results. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 32 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 16: SURFACE WATER AND AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS – WESTERN TRUNK AREA 宝钢水库 陈行水库 路 腹背水库 宁 集 陈行 路 北 沪 沙 蕰 潘 川 川 新 钱 路 3-1 太 泾 蕰 4-1 上海宝山工业园区 陆 宝 陆 路 盛桥 钢 路 川 路 路 股 太 2-1 份 石 路 公 4 月 罗 5-1 浦 1 镇 店 镇 滨海新村街道 6-1 2 吴淞工业区 镇 吴淞镇街道 镇 村 顾 3 7-1 淞 1-1 南 庙 镇 行 高 境 镇 镇 大 场 镇 宝山城市工业园区 （南区） 8-1 西干线 2km 地表水监测点示意图 Water monitoring 环境空气监测点 Air monitoring SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 33 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 9: 2002 WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (MG/L) Rivers & Wenzaobang LianQi Yangsheng Gujing Malu Meipu Sha Pu Zoumatang Cross- sections Bridge across Bridge across Bridge across North Inside the Bridge across Bridge across Bridge across Hutai No. 4 bridge across Wenchuan Road Wenchuan Road Fuchang Road Shidongkou water Wenchuan Road Wenchuan Road Road Nanda Road Item gate Average Class Average Class Average Class Average Class Average Class Average Class Average Class Average Class pH 7.61 I 7.72 I 7.43 I 7.79 I 7.70 I 7.67 I 7.68 I 7.54 I DO 0.77 >V 3.57 IV 3.03 IV 3.44 IV 2.79 V 1.26 >V 0.75 >V 0.13 >V Permanganate 6.69 IV 4.70 III 13.74 V 4.33 III 5.85 III 7.04 IV 6.85 IV 13.78 V index COD 30.59 V 20.14 IV 96.60 >V 19.13 III 33.39 V 35.77 V 31.26 V 92.33 >V BOD5 7.58 V 4.77 IV 40.89 >V 4.74 IV 7.19 V 7.73 V 5.06 IV 38.81 >V NH3-N 6.67 >V 4.32 >V 17.68 >V 5.15 >V 3.56 >V 5.68 >V 5.03 >V 15.80 >V TP 0.699 >V 0.276 IV 0.549 >V 0.252 IV 0.397 V 0.964 >V 0.614 >V 1.939 >V TN 8.61 >V 6.50 >V 21.00 >V 8.50 >V 6.71 >V 8.28 >V 7.77 >V 17.58 >V Cu 0.024 II 0.006 I Hg 0.00042 IV 0.00010 III 0.00005 I 0.00011 IV Cd 0.003 I 0.0003 I Cyanide 0.006 II 0.012 II 0.009 II 0.007 II 0.037 >V Phenol 0.013 V 0.016 V 0.008 IV 0.006 IV 0.006 IV 0.007 IV 0.021 V 1.28 V Petroleum 0.79 V 0.66 V 1.45 >V 0.46 IV 0.57 V 0.53 V 0.31 IV >V Number of items Exceeding the 8 4 7 2 7 7 6 9 standard requirements SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 34 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Bailonggang sludge management facility Bailonggang surface water quality has been monitored from 1996 to 2002 and the results of the monitoring are presented in Table 10. Permanganate index, BOD5, COD and total phosphorous had a tendency to increase over the last few years. However, parameters such as DO, permanganate index, COD and ammonia nitrogen have been relatively constant over the last seven year of monitoring with variation ranging from 1.3 to 2.0 fold. BOD5, hydrocarbons, phenols, total phosphorous and total mercury had variation ranging from 2.7 to 3 folds. Within the Bailonggang area, the surface water should comply with Class II standard. The results indicate that only parameters such as DO, permanganate index, BOD5, COD comply to Class II, while ammonia nitrogen, hydrocarbons, phenols, total phosphorous and total mercury exceed the standards of class II and belong to Class III to IV. Overall the change of quality of surface water between 1996 and 2002 in not considered significant. TABLE 10: BAILONGGANG SURFACE WATER MONITORING RESULTS (MG/L) Parameter DO Permangan BOD5 COD Ammonia Petroleum Phenols Total Total Year ate index Nitrogen Phosphorous mercury 1996 8.19 2.60 1.18 9.14 1.02 0.09 0.002 0.080 0.00016 I II I I IV IV I II IV 1997 7.48 2.29 0.89 6.82 0.81 0.04 0.002 0.148 0.00012 II II I I III I I III IV 1998 6.78 3.14 0.95 10.19 1.03 0.10 0.003 0.179 0.00014 II II I I IV IV III III IV 1999 7.25 4.15 2.28 11.85 0.93 0.11 0.003 0.139 0.00035 II III I I III IV III III IV 2000 8.20 2.68 2.28 11.78 0.60 0.05 0.001 0.255 0.00031 I II I I III I I IV IV 2001 7.14 3.50 2.40 13.63 0.76 0.07 0.002 0.118 0.00028 II II I I III IV I III IV 2002 8.19 2.60 1.18 9.14 1.02 0.09 0.002 0.080 0.00016 I II I I IV IV I II IV 3.1.1.9. AIR QUALITY According to "the Shanghai Environment Condition Bulletin (2004)", the Shanghai ambient air quality in 2003 further improved with 325 days with good air quality in comparison with 2001. The 2002 average daily concentration of SO2, PM10, NO2 in the air achieves the Class II standard requirements. In 2002, the quality of the Boashan area was monitored (see air quality locations on Figure 10) and the average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 were measured. The concentration of SO2 complies with the class II standards. However, the concentrations of NO2 and PM10 were above their respective class II standards by 20% and 44% respectively. The air quality was monitored at the Bailonggang site for H2S, NH3 and odour at the Yangtze River beach, the Southwest boundary of WWTP and at the Chaoyang village and for SO2, NO2 and PM10 at proximity of the sludge landfill site. The results were compared with their respective environment quality standard (“Pollutant discharge standard for Urban WWTPs, Class II” for H2S and NH3 and “National environmental air quality standard, Class II” for PM10, SO2 and NO2, and “Sanitary standard for industry design”). Index results indicate that all measurements exceeded the standard of Class II with the exception of SO2 and NO2 parameters. The indexes are the highest at the location of the current lagoons for sludge disposal. The measurements recorded to the southwest of the sewage plant factory exceed slightly the levels of standards class II. The significant H2S observed in Chaoyang village may be originated from another source of pollution. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 35 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 11: GAS POLLUTANT INDEX - BAILONGGANG Monitoring Position H2S NH3 Odour density PM10 SO2 NO2 Yangtze River beach 4.2 1.03 1.4 Southwest boundary of the WWTP 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 0.65 0.46 Chaoyang village 2.4 0.3 0.70 3.1.1.10. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY In 2003, the average noise level in Shanghai improved in comparison with 2002 and was 56.7dB (A) during day time and 49.1dB (A) at night. Both of these noise levels complied with the Standards of Environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93). The average noise level from road traffic increased in 2003 and is 70.4dB (A) for day time and 66.4dB (A) at night. Only the diurnal average noise level complies with the Standards of Environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93). The noise levels were monitored in August 2004 on the Xincun road pumping stations and at the Yueluo pumping station site. The results ranged from 58.2dB (A) to 89.2 dB (A) and exceed the class II standards. TABLE 12 NOISE MONITORING RESULTS OF PUMPING STATIONS (DB (A)) Serial Pumping Monitors the Noise level (dB (A)) Note number station name position 1 Side pumps 1m 89.2 One pump in operation 2m outside the pump house gate 2m with 2 Xincun road The distance opens 77 gate open pumping station pumps 2m outside the pump house gate 2m with 3 approximately 15m 67.5 gate shut Yueluo roadside 4 Yueluo road 67.8 On path 1m pumping station 5 In land parcel 58.2 Undeveloped land Noise levels were monitored at Bailonggang WWTP according to the “Shanghai Noise Level Monitoring Technique” (GB/T14623-93) at the southwest of Bailonggang WWTP and at the location of the future BSMF. The WWTP is located close to Yangzte River which is considered to be a low noise level area. The noise level is occasionally impacted by the nearby airport and the wind. Day noise level results show that the noise levels nearly comply with Class 0 standard and that the night noise level complies with Class II. The results demonstrated that none of the noise level results exceeded the national noise level standard for class II (requirement for the Bailonggang WWTP). Therefore, it was considered that there is no noise impact from the current Bailonggang WWTP. 3.1.1.11. SLUDGE QUALITY The properties of sludge in WWTP are closely related with the properties of sewage. Since 1990s, the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute has conducted analyses and measurement of the sludge produced from sewage treatment plants such as Quyang, Wusong, Tianshan, Minxing, Beijiao and Caoyang in Shanghai. These data can be used as a base for discussion of the sludge characterisation from Bailonggang. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 36 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 13: COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE FROM THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN SHANGHAI, UNIT: MG/KG DS Caoyang Tianshan Minxing Beijiao Quyang Wusong Standard value Analyse WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP soil pH≥6.5 Cu 146 426 119 158 327 226 500 Zn 147 1615 1090 2467 7880 149 1000 Pb 129 116 77 108 8.72 7.27 1000 Cd 5.6 1.5 1.6 2.5 0.78 0.097 20 Cr 70 47 53 22 13 3.74 1000 Ni 43 43 32 45 3.92 65.4 200 Hg 6.04 7.81 2.16 9.25 0.532 1.12 15 As 15 22 7.1 33.4 16.7 2.32 75 A first series of sludge characterisation results is available from the latest anaerobic – digestion pilot plant currently undertaken by the Austrian company VA TECH WABAG Co. Samples of sludge coming of the WWTP have been analysed for metals, phosphate, nitrogen and potassium everyday for 10days. All the analysis were below their respective guideline for GB18918-2002 with the exception of the Zinc and nickel for which the results are presented in Figure 17. Zinc concentration exceeds its guideline (3,000 mg/kg) by a factor of two and seven of the ten nickel sludge results are above the guideline (200mg/kg). The Volatile Suspended Solid / Suspended Solid ratio of the sludge ranged from 48 to 56%, with an average value of 52%. Characterisation of the sludge coming from the WWTP indicates that the quality of the sludge is very variable depending on the day of sampling. Validity of these results are currently checked due to their variability by carrying out further sampling and validating analysis methods. Nickel / Zinc concentration in sludge (mg/DSkg) 7000 Nickel 6000 Zinc 5000 Concentration (mg/kg) 4000 Zinc Standard for Land Application 3000 2000 1000 Nickel Standard for Land Application 0 Oct. 30 Oct. 31 Nov. 1 Nov. 2 Nov. 3 Nov. 4 Nov. 5 Nov. 6 Nov. 7 Nov. 8 FIGURE 17 ZINC AND NICKEL RESULTS FOR SLUDGE PRODUCED BY THE BAILONGGANG WWTP SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 37 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 3.1.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING 3.1.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Wildlife The wildlife in the area of Bailonggang is mainly present in farming area and consists in apodemus agrarius, rattus flavipectus, brown mouse and small mouse, yellow weasel, formosan and ferret- badger. The birds are mainly passeriformes species including sparrow, swallow, tomtit, thrush. Bird habitats are in the forests, villages and towns at night and the farmland during the daytime (quest for food). Natural vegetation To the north of the WTS component area, there is a mixed forest composed of evergreen trees and subtropical species. As most of the area is used for agriculture, there is only little natural vegetation and most of the area is occupied by crops and artificial vegetation. Within the Bailonggang area, the natural vegetation can be divided in wetland vegetation consisting in intertidal vegetation and freshwater hydrophytic vegetation on the beach of Yangtze Estuary and, terricolous vegetation. 3.1.2.2. ARTIFICIAL VEGETATION At the end of 2003, there were 833.89ha of green spaces in the Putuo area. The roadside of the area included a total of 41,435 trees and the amount of green space per inhabitant was 4.22m2. In the Boasham area, the green spaces areas were increased to 573.3ha including 352.8 ha of public green spaces and the ratio of green space per inhabitant reached 14m2/person. This increase of green spaces creates recreational places for residents and contributes to the purification of the overall air quality. In 2003, Baoshan district was awarded with the honour of “National Garden & Greening District”. In the Pudong New District, the large-scale artificial forests are road tree belt, shelter belt in farmland along the river and coastal shelter belt mainly with the forests of Platanaceae, Dawn Redwood, aspen, Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl and elm. Secondly there are some urban plants such as Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl, Lotus magnolia, cedrum deodara, gardenia, dawn redwood, taxodium mucronatum, holly, sweet viburnum, etc. Most of farmland has been acquired for the development of industry and economy, and some of the remaining farmland has been deserted. The crops left include food stuff, nursery and vegetables. 3.1.2.3. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY The Bailonggang site is located on the sea-shore and coastal residents have lived on fishery for a long time. The nearest coastal fishery ground is Yangtze Fishery Ground, which is located in the joint area of Yangtze River and Qiantang River. The aquatics here mainly include hairtail (winter fishing season), pomfret, conger eel, jellyfish, portunidae, yellow-fin tuna (spring and summer fishing season), sunfish, cuttle fish, Palaemon gravieri, Parapenaeopsis hardwichii, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Metapenaeus joyneri. In addition, in spring there is a large quantity of eel fries, crab fried and pomfret fries which reproduce at the Yangtze estuary. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 38 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 3.1.3. SOCIAL SETTING 3.1.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY In 2002, the Shanghai industry undertook a fast growing development which leaded to an increase of 12% of the industrial value (231,277,000,000 Yuan), an increase of 17.6% of the industrial gross production value (847,605,000,000 Yuan) and an increase of 11% of the industry sale output value (838,361,000,000 Yuan) in comparison with 2001 figures. At the end of 2002, the farming industry occupied 270,000ha, had 3,154,200 employees and the total farming output value was 23,357,000,000 Yuan. Western Trunk Sewer The western trunk sewer project is located in three areas of Shanghai including Baoshan area, Putuo area and Zhabei area. In 2003, the total population of these three areas was 1,609,000 people, representing 12% of the total Shanghai population. TABLE 14: REGIONAL SOCIAL ECONOMY DATASHEET Average yearly Land Population financial Area area (10,000 income Notes Name (km2) people) 1,000,000 Yuans Putuo 54.99 84.51 1,458 Important industrial district (numerous types of industries including electronic appliances, light industries, food processing and printing works). Good transportation system. Zhabei 29.26 81.02 2,775 Old industrial district which (spinning, weaving, machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry and medicine). Strategic trade centre. Boashan 424.56 84.22 3,168 Main base for steel and iron production, harbour containers producer, food production and energy production. National biggest container storage and transport base, occupying 70% of Shanghai harbour. Shanghai 6340.5 1334.23 - - Bailonggang Sludge Management Facility The site is within the area of Pudong area which has a total surface area of 522.75km. In 2003, the Pudong area had a total population of 1,766,900 people (13.2% of the total population of Shanghai) The Bailonggang sludge management facility belongs to the district of Heqing town (36.45km2), which includes 2 resident committees and 30 village committees. At the end of 2003, 47,749 people (including 15,976 households) occupied this district of which 15,934 inhabitants were not rural people. The district counted 21,144 farming labourers representing 44.3% of the total population. The total output from agriculture is 63,780,000 Yuans (53% from crop production and 41% from animal farming) and represents 5.07% of the total agriculture output of the Pudong area. 3.1.3.2. QUALITY OF LIFE Health SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 39 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT At the end of 2003, Putuo area had 128 medical institutions (21 hospitals, 27 independent surgeries, 80 firm surgeries) and 5,240 medical staff. For every ten thousand people, there was an average of 45.9 hospital bed. At the end of 2003, Baoshan area had 34 medical agencies. For every 10,000 persons there are 50.2 hospital beds. Education The area of Putuo welcomes two universities (East China normal university, Tongji University branch school), 59 high school, 36 primary schools and 58 nursery school and 3 vocational schools. These institutions provide education from elementary to university level and education of mature students. The education system in Baoshan is based on the study ceramic teacher TOW”, “the region advancement” and “the development of information based on technology”. The development of these three sectors has improved comprehensively the quality of the education in Baoshan with 100% of children registered at elementary school, 96.4% of children entering high school and 81.5% entering ordinary university. 3.1.3.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE According to a visual inspection of the area, there are no famous old trees, historical sites or cultural sites along the WTS route and on the Bailonggang WWTP. 3.1.3.4. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES The WTS component area is located in the Shanghai urban district including Puto, Zhabei and Baoshan areas. The areas of Putuo and Zhabei are mainly residential and industrial and are heavily populated. The area of Baosham is less heavily populated. Some of the project area is utilised as farming land. The Bailonggang sludge management facility will be located on the Bailonggang WWTP site. Therefore the land is currently used as a sewage treatment facility. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 40 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION 4.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION The WST component requires land acquisition for the installation of the pipe and pumping station. Moreover, further land will be immobilised for the construction phase. As the BSMF component is located on the existing Bailonggang WWTP, it does not require any land acquisition and therefore any resettlement. The project will acquire 153,390m2 of land for the implementation of the 24,45km long sewer pipe and 39,080m2 of land for the construction or the upgrade of the four pumping stations. The land concerned by this acquisition is farmland, residential areas and industrial/commercial areas. TABLE 15 PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION FOR WESTERN SEWER CONSTRUCTION PERMANENT TEMPORARY NUMBER OF NUMBER OF SUBCOMPONENT LAND LAND NUMBER OF NUMBER OF AFFECTED AGRICULTURAL AREA REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENT HOUSEHOLDS INDUSTRIES PERSONS WORKERS (HA) (HA) Putuo Zhabei Baoshan Total 192,471 222,215 284 1136 To be completed from the final RAP Farming land The acquisition of farming land will lead to the loss of agricultural land and crops and to reduction of vegetable production for the area of Shanghai. Farmers will need to quit their land and to go and live in urban area. However within Shanghai context, the urbanisation is usually well perceived by the farmers as it usual increases their income. The government offers three possible placements for farmers for which the land has to be redeveloped: (A) work at a governmental business or institutions, (B) governmental subsidiaries (lump sum in one time) for relocation, (C) governmental pension for elderly people. The third impact is on farmers who contract their land. Presently landfarm in Shanghai is mainly contracted from people living in other provinces. Mitigations measures may include informing farmland contractors in advance in order to enable them to find alternative solutions (jobs or way of income). No financial compensation is suggested for farmland contractors. According to the local authority department and national relevant law, the project developer SMSC (Shanghai Municipal Sewage Company) will enable the farmers which have been relocated to obtain new jobs and will provide necessary training. Work opportunities such as service work or work dealing with this project (operation and construction phase) will be suggested for the elderly people. Residents SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 41 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT According to the project plan, 284 households must be relocated (including 266 on the sewer route and 18 on the branch transformation). The inhabitant space floor needed to relocate the households is estimated at 37,546m2. The place of relocation will be selected according to the Chinese law and regulations. There are three potential options to relocate the people affected: (A) Relocation at nearby new town. (B) Construction of their own house on a given piece of land with funds obtained for compensation. (C) Obtain financial compensation for resettlement. These options can give the advantages of gathering the farmer community, improving their living conditions (better education, culture and health system, new houses, better transportation system). The relocation can also disrupt the customs of people and create separation with neighbourhood (especially of senior citizens) and make adaptation to a new home very difficult. Relocation to the city will involve change of living conditions which are usually welcome by local residents. Residents which currently run shops on the streets will be economically impacted if the street is redeveloped. Facilities around the resettlement area (transportation, education and health facilities) will not be developed simultaneously to the residential areas which will have an impact on the quality of life of communities. Business Sixty nine businesses (61,374m2) will me impacted by the project. Seven firms will have to be totally relocated and 62 businesses will have to be partially relocated. The relocation of these firms will affect 1,590 people. Relocation places should be selected accordingly to the town plan. A new address will be given to these businesses, labour force arrangement will be proposed and economical compensation will be given to mitigate the financial loss caused by the relocation (cease of production). 4.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION As the WTS is located within 24km corridor in a densely populated area, it is anticipated that the impacts of the construction phase will be rather significant. Since the BSMF is located within the Bailonggang WWTP, the impact of construction phase from the BSMF should be relatively low. 4.2.1. IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER Impact on run-off water The construction phase and associated heavy transportation will involve an increase of dust. During heavy storm, the solid particles will be washed to the closest receiving water bodies. The quality of receiving bodies will be impacted by high suspended solid particles content and high BOD, COD and nitrogen particles. The run-off water should be adequately drained off-site and conducted to a settling tank. The building material wastes should be restrained within a 0.50m brick bund in order to prevent dispersive material to be washed away by heavy rain and reduce the impact of sedimentation on the water environment. Impact on sedimentation Groundwater level at the site is expected to be around 0.5-1.0m below ground level and therefore groundwater is very likely to be encountered during construction. The groundwater will contain high level of silt, sand and maybe cement. The groundwater will require to be pumped and will be discharge either in water courses or in the municipal drainage system. Due to its high content of suspended particles, discharge of this water in the water course will increase the sedimentation rate of the river. Moreover if the water is discharged in municipal drainage system, the silt may clog the drainage system and create significant ground pounding which may impact access for vehicle and pedestrians. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 42 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT In order to minimise the impact on sedimentation, the water should be pumped to a settling tank, which will enable deposition of the suspended particles. The water will then be discharged in the municipal drainage system or in the river course. The tank should be regularly dragged and the solid wastes should be disposed off adequately. Impact on river water quality For the construction of the WTS, the pipeline may cross rivers all connected to Huangpu River. Most of these rivers are not used for navigation but they are used for discharge or water supply for irrigation for farming use. When these rivers are cut by weirs, the hydraulic connection between downstream and upstream of the river is cut off. In the short term these rivers will loose their original functions which will lead to increase of upstream water level and decrease of downstream water level. If it is flood period, the water level will rise upstream and cause flooding. The nearby farmland will be impact and the way of life of the farmers will be impacted. In addition, the resident time of the pollutants in the river will increase which may result to eutrophication of the water bodies and aggravate the water quality. In case of flooding the water should be pumped. 4.2.2. IMPACT ON DUST Construction works requires excavation and storage of the excavated material soil at the site for a short term (several weeks) or a long term (several months). Non covered earth stockpiles, the passage of vehicles and influence of the wind will create an increase of dust in the atmosphere affecting the town appearance and the landscape. It has been demonstrated from similar projects that the total suspended particles present in the air of Shanghai mainly originates from construction works and can cause damages to the environment. Neighbouring buildings and vegetation will be covered by thick layer of dust. By rainy or snowy weather, dust will become mud which may make the access by pedestrians difficult. In order to minimise the impact of the dust to surrounding environment the following mitigations are proposed: • During clear and windy day, the construction waste or material should be sprayed with water or covered to prevent flying of the dust in the surroundings. • The waste management plan must include removing the waste promptly, ensuring that the transportations vehicles are not overloaded and covered in order to prevent the waste/dust to be released along the way. The exit of the construction site should be equipped with a wheel-washing basin and the site construction gate should be cleaned regularly to prevent migration of soil/dust off site. • The construction agency should comply with the “Shanghai Management Method for the flying dust pollution prevention”, May 15th 2004 issued by Shanghai Municipal government. The article 8 gives the general requirement for dust prevention for project construction such construction of fences around the site and construction good practise to minimise dust production. 4.2.3. IMPACT ON NOISE Excavation of soil, construction of pumping stations, equipment engine and transportation of construction material will increase the level of noise in the area which may affect the work or the rest of local residents. The noise level from construction work can reach 80-95dB (A) within 100m from the construction site. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 43 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT According to the Environment Noise Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China, construction works located in a central urban district are prohibited at night, unless they obtained special authorisation at the county level. Therefore, construction works must comply with this regulation and reduce the noise level as much as possible. According to the noise Standard for the boundary of the construction site during the construction period, if construction is carried out during night time with noise exceeding the standard, the construction agency should apply for permission to the Local EPB. Construction may be allowed only during approved assigned dates. Soundproof barriers should be constructed outside around the construction site and sound-screen should be installed around the high level noise equipment. In addition, the traffic around the construction site should be controlled in order to avoid traffic jam and to minimise as much as possible the noise level. The noise should be monitored during the construction phase as part as the construction management plan. In the context of Bailonggang component, the noise from the construction site is not considered to be an issue as the closest building is located 180m away. However, existing noise from truck traffic carrying sludge from Zhuyang to Bailonggang WWTP is a sensitive issue for the residents of Chaoyang village. In order to mitigate the noise from traffic, the transportation of building material should be suspended from 11:00PM to 6:00AM. 4.2.4. IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS Sanitary wastes and domestic wastes from the construction workers may affect the hygiene of the surroundings environment and cause sanitation issues such as presence of fetid odours, development of diseases and increase of the mosquito population. This may generally affect human health at the campsite and in the surrounding areas. The canteen waste water produced by the construction workers should be passed through an oil separator and waste water should be discharged into a septic tank before discharge in the municipal sewage network. The septic tank should be cleaned and take away regularly to guarantee good sanitation conditions on site. The construction phase may require the intervention of numerous workers at the site: a multi-stage construction is envisaged in order to maximise the efficiency of the construction. The construction and the project manager will have to make sure that they contact the local environment sanitation department in order to ensure that the domestic wastes are cleaned up promptly from the site. The project manager will have to inform the constructor regarding good practice of waste management at the site (e.g. no random dumping of domestic waste) to guarantee good hygiene and health conditions for the construction workers. 4.2.5. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO THE WTS 4.2.5.1. IMPACT ON FARMING ACTIVITIES Land immobilisation Farming land will have to be temporarily taken for storing the construction equipment and workers facilities (total area of 222,215m2 including 175,688m2 for the restoration and installation of the sewer pipe and 46,527m2 for the branch project). During construction work, the agricultural production will be stopped and that will have an impact on the farmers and their level of productivity. Moreover, the use of the land as the storage for equipment or vehicle transfer will impact the fertility and the characteristics of the ground (compressed earth, addition of sand and rubbles) and as a consequence make the soil unsuitable for cultivation. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 44 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT At the end of the construction phase the farming land temporarily borrowed will have to be restored to its original condition in order to enable farmland productivity. During construction, surface soils (0 to 1m) and deeper soil (below 1m) should be piled separately and re-used for backfilling in the same order it has been excavated. After backfilling, the initial structure of the land should be restored. The construction material must be piled up on railing. After completion of the construction, each village should coordinate the construction department to ensure that the site is clean and has been levelled. Addition of fertilisers may be required for the land to retrieve its fertility and enable good farming productivity. Uncontrolled water drainage from construction Draining water from construction (if it is not properly managed) may disperse into the farmland and impact soil fertility and normal crop growth. Therefore, the construction contractor should have a good knowledge of the topography of the ground and the drainage flow direction in order to designate an adequate drainage system. Irrigation of the land The excavation of parts of the drainage ditch may affect the overall irrigation network used in farming and impact the local agriculture and farmers’ income. Therefore, construction plan has to include identification of temporary alternative irrigation measures in order to mitigate the impact. Temporarily blocked irrigation or drainage canal should be reinstated as quickly as possible to guarantee irrigation and drainage functions. 4.2.5.2. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC Impact on road traffic The road traffic from Xincun road to the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Shi Dongkou is very dense. The pipe route is crossing 20 roads, river course and the railway. Construction will lead to disturbance of the road traffic including road diversion, road narrowing and as a consequence the traffic will become denser. Diversion of roads will intensify the traffic of surrounding areas. Presence of piles of earth and construction material along the road will create dust clouds on dry days and mud on wet days. Therefore the traffic conditions can be made very difficult and dangerous and accident may occur due combined presence of pedestrians and vehicles. Impact on farming traffic Country roads are used by farmers to access their field. During construction works some of the country roads may be closed or totally excavated, stopping the farmers from accessing their field. This will have a significant impact on the agricultural production due to impossibility to sow seeds, spread fertilisers or harvest. Impact on fluvial traffic The sewer route passes trough 12 river courses, including 5 river courses which are used for navigation. Two types of methods are proposed to construct the pipe across water courses: Pipe jacking method for river course used for navigation and the cofferdam construction method for other river courses. Generally the construction will have no significant impact on fluvial traffic. Mitigations Comparison of sewer route planning options has been made by the Design Institute in order to determine the route for which the impact on the local traffic is the less significant. The selection of the sewer route should be based on minimising the impact on transportation, minimising the project investment and minimising the social impact. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 45 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Temporary access roads and bridges should be constructed when the construction involves path excavation or bridge demolition. The construction should be planned in order to reduce as much as possible the impact on road traffic, such as shortening the construction period and enabling access of vehicle to ensure the original function of the road. For busy roads, construction should be interrupted during rush hours and be optimised at night time. The piles of earth and construction material which are not used for re-fill should occupy as little space as possible and be moved away promptly. When the construction implies the coffer dam method, the construction agency should contact the municipal inland river navigation administration agencies before construction. During construction, information on construction works and direction of navigation should be signed posted on the river course and police should indicate signal lights to avoid traffic collision. 4.2.5.3. SOLID WASTES Demolition wastes The project construction will produce some building waste caused by the demolition of existing structure present along the pipe route. The estimated quantity of this waste is… Excavated spoil Construction waste consists mainly of excavated spoil produced during main sewer pipe construction, pumping station construction and pipeline branches connection construction. The quantity of excavated spoil is estimated to 164,000m3, including 155,500m3 for the installation of the main sewer pipe and 8,500m3 for the installation of the branches. The transportation and the handling of construction waste may have a significant impact on the environment. Excessive vehicle loads may spread soil everywhere, cover the road with soil and increase the quantity of dust in the air or mud on the ground. The presence of excavated soils may impact land utilisation, the river quality, ecology, nature and the appearance of the town. The transportation of excavated soil will affect local traffic and cause traffic jam. In order to minimise these impacts the following mitigations measured were proposed: • The excavated soil should be reused as much as possible as backfill during construction of planned new road. • Construction wastes should be managed accordingly to "Administration Regulation for Shanghai Construction Waste and engineering soil waste disposal” and any other related laws or regulations on wastes at municipal and district levels. Before construction approval should be obtained, the construction works should be efficiently controlled and at completion the site should be cleaned. • If during construction works hazardous wastes are encountered, the works should be stopped immediately and the construction agency should inform the local EPB and sanitary bureau promptly. Adequate measures should be taken before the work can continue. • The EPB and Sanitation Bureau should be informed prior to demolition of building which may contains hazardous substances. These departments will advice on protective measures to take before demolition. 4.2.5.4. PUBLIC UNDERGROUND SERVICES The sewer construction will have an impact on underground services such as telephone, communication and power cables, street lighting, water pipe, transformers and electric sub-station. Moreover, the pumping stations may be built on existing services which will need to be removed. Overall, the underground services may be damaged and interrupted during the construction phase which will cause major inconvenience in the neighbourhood. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 46 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 16 WESTERN TRUNK CONSTRUCTION IMPACT ON FACILITY INFRASTRUCTURES Relocated item Quantity Original owner Relocated 1960m Water pipe Shanghai water company Reinforced 800m Relocated 2 High-pressured Shanghai power supply bureau iron tower Reinforced 1 Communication cable 2530m Chinese telecommunication company Shanghai power supply bureau, power supply Electricity pole 265 bureaus of villages and towns Shanghai power supply bureau, power supply Wire 7584m bureaus of villages and towns Shanghai Power Transmission & Distribution Cable 500m Co. Ltd. Transformer substation 2 Shanghai power supply bureau Shanghai power supply bureau, power supply Transformer 15 bureaus of villages and towns The project management should with the Design Institute investigate the location of existing underground services and ensure that the sewer pipe route avoid these structures if possible. If the sewer main route cannot avoid underground services, the relevant department should be informed prior to the construction works and adequate measures should be undertaken to mitigate the impact. 4.2.5.5. OTHER IMPACTS ON CONSTRUCTION Collapsing of surrounding structures The sewer pipe route passes through railroad and river courses using the pipe jacking and open trench method. Experience of similar projects showed that the pipe jacking method or open trench methods can cause surrounding building to incline or even to collapse, pipe to burst and as a consequence put people’s life in danger. The ground project designer must ensure that he has a thorough knowledge of the soil and sub-soil conditions and that he carries out a detailed inspection of the area to minimise the impact. Cultural heritage According to a site inspection, there are no historical sites, famous old trees and national heritage structures along the main sewer route. If historical sites or archaeological sites are encountered during excavation, an archaeological specialist should be informed immediately and will advice on the importance of the discovery and whether or not the construction works can carry on. The construction workers must be informed by the contractor of the eventuality to encounter archaeological structures during construction works and of measures to take if it happens. If graves are encountered during excavation work, they should be relocated following the people customs and taking into account people sensibility. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 47 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Loss of green spaces The project will demolish 930m2 of green spaces including 173 trees due to excavation of the soil for the installation of the pipe. The trees will not be replaced on the main sewer pipe route, as their roots main destroy the sewer. Therefore, these trees will have to be transplanted somewhere else which may cause the death of trees and will degrade significantly the appearance of the existing landscape. The excavation of trees and of the lawn should be strictly controlled. The artificial vegetation impacted by the construction work should be replanted on both sides of the pipe, which may increase the local green areas. The natural vegetation on land or along the river course should recover its original conditions gradually over the years. 4.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION 4.3.1. IMPACT OF WASTE WATER Waste water generated by the operation of the pumping stations will consist in sanitary sewage from the station staff and water used for ground-washing. The quantity of waste water from ground- washing was estimated at 3-5m3/d. The waste water will be discharged into the pumping station directly through the sewage grid and therefore should have no environmental impact. There are four sources of waste water at the Bailonggang site: (a) The thickening and dewatering process of the sludge; (b) Filtrate and flotation from the digestion process (c) wash water and; (d) sanitary waste water from operation staff. According to calculation, the total amount of waste water produced during operation will be approximately 6,700m3/d (including 6,597m3/d from (a) and 4.5m3/d from (b)). As, the waste water will be re-circulated and treated in the WWTP, it is considered that impact from waste water is not significant. 4.3.2. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT The project is generally beneficial to the surrounding water environment as it enables improvement of sewage collection and better sludge management. Improvement of sewage collection will reduce uncontrolled discharge of the waste water into river course. Installation of a new pipe may minimise the ingress of groundwater (which is thought to be currently happening) and as a result the sewage should be more concentrated. Therefore, the treatment of the waste water at the Shidongkou WWTP may experience change in efficiency and the quality of the discharge into the Yantze delta may change, affecting the overall quality of the surface water. The efficiency of the Shidongkou treatment plant and the discharge quality at the Yangzte delta should be monitored to mitigate potential impact on surface water. The water quality of the Huangpu River ranged between Class IV and class V and some parameters indicate a quality worse than Class V. The sludge which are currently produced by the Zhuyuan WWTP and Bailonggang WWTP are discharged into sludge lagoons. It is very likely that contaminants (such as metals and organic compounds) leach from the sludge to nearby surface waters and groundwater. Treatment of the sludge enables alternative disposal solutions and minimise the impact of long-term leaching on the local groundwater and water courses. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 48 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 4.3.3. IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE Solid waste produced by the operation of the pumping station will mainly consist in floating waste (paper, plastic, rags which contained 60 to 80% of water) which are trapped in the pumping station grid or staff domestic wastes. The overall quantity of solid wastes is 422kg. Solid waste will be piled up in the pumping station trash room after dehydration and will be collected by the Environmental Sanitation Bureau. The operation process of the BSMF produces solid wastes such as filters from digestion process, filters from methane purification process, by-products from sweetening process, solid waste from methane boiler, liquid waste from ozone processing and domestic waste. The quantity of solid waste from these processes is estimated at XXX. Solid wastes quantity produced from the process is low and may be disposed in Landfill site. 4.3.4. IMPACT ON NOISE For the WST component, the source of noise during operation will mainly come from the operation of the pumping stations (sewage pump located in the basement and ventilation fans located on both side of pumping stations). According to similar analysis, the noise level measured at 1m of each water pump is 72dB. Noise levels were assessed for each of the pumping stations (Xincun road, Zoumatang road, Wenzaobang road and Yueluo) and the maximum noise levels forecasted ranged from 28.2dB (A) to 36.8dB (A). All the predicted noise level were below the “Noise Standard for Boundaries of Factory”, class II. Therefore the operation of the pumping stations should not have a noise impact on the surrounding factories. However, air ventilation system may be required and this may increase the acoustic level to 65-70 dB (A). In this case, mitigation measures will be required. For the BSMF component, noise is mainly produced by mechanical devices used in the process such as pump, agitator and thickening engines. The noise levels were simulated at the southeast, northeast, northwest and southwest of the Bailonggang WWTP. The predicted noise level around the Bailonggang WWTP ranged from 38.3 to 56.8dB (A). The forecasted results indicate that at night, the noise level exceed the class II standard in two locations: (a) Northeast due to noise from sludge digestion tank and (b) northwest due to noise from sludge thickening engine. By cumulating the forecasted noise level with the existing noise level from the WWTP, the overall noise level increases slightly at day and night. Therefore, the noise level at night exceeds slightly the noise standard for class II. However, as the closest sensitive receptor is the village of Chaoyang located 1,500m away from the WWTP, it is considered that the noise impact on surrounding environment is low. Mitigations to reduce the noise level should include: • Selection of low noise level equipment. • Soundproffing measures for the high level noise equipment such as soundproofing of the outer wall, equipment half way buried in the ground, chose the isolated location . • Windows of the building should be double gazed and doors and roofs should be insolated. Foundation design measures should be taken to decrease vibration. • In addition, during operation, windows and doors of builsing should be shut in sensitive areas such as residential areas. • The site should be delineated by trees which should attenuate the noise and make the environment more pleasant. 4.3.5. IMPACT ON AIR Western Trunk Sewer SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 49 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT For the WTS component, the main odour pollutants originating from the pumping station are sulphur compounds (H2S, CH3SH) and ammonia (NH3). These gases are mainly observed in the pumping station grid area and in ventilation holes from the outlet pressure well. Public survey on impact of odour from similar pumping stations showed that the odour intensity varied over the day and that gas emission was more significant during the summer. For each of the pumping station, concentration of H2S was forecasted, minimum health protection distance was calculated and sensitive receptors were identified. TABLE 17: ESTIMATION OF GAS DISCHARGE AND SENSITIVE RECEPTORS Distance from Calculated Health Pumping station H2S Sensitive goal the pumping Protection distance Impact name (mg/h) station from grid Xincun road Ganquan park 1050 4~5 m 40 m Yes pumping station administration building Zoumatang pumping 744 Residential housing 40~50 m 33 m No station Wenzaobang 886 - - 37 m No pumping station Yueluo road Tangbeizhai (farmer 998 10 m 40 m Maybe pumping station house) The estimated health protected distance from the grid ranged from 33m (Zoumatang pumping station) to 40m (Xincun road pumping station). Sensitive receptors such as Ganquan park administrative building and Tangbeizhai farmer house are located within 40m radius of the pumping stations and therefore, odour from the Xincun pump and the Yueluo road pumping may have a significant impact on these surroundings buildings. The mitigations proposed to minimise the impact: • Locate new development at more than 40m away from the grid area • Use of efficient odour removal measures such as dry chemical adsorption equipment and natural material biofilter. • Strengthening the management of operation and maintenance of sewage pumping stations. • The pumping stations should be fenced by trees having odour adsorbing properties. • Pumping station should be constructed at least 5 meters away from residential areas. Bailonggang Sludge Management Facility For the BSMF component, the sludge treatment produces waste gas in sludge conditioning tanks, methane boiler and methane burning tower. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 50 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The gas assessment from the conditioning tank showed that if an efficient odor removal is utilized, the forecasted odor discharges are likely to comply with Urban WWTP pollutant discharge standard (industry and community standards). Therefore, it is considered that if the odour removal system achieves 90% of odor removal the impact from odor on the sensitive receptors will be low. During combustion of methane, traces of H2S release SO2. SO2 concentrations were forecasted taking into account variable wind conditions and several stability factors and variable distance from the source (20m and 180m). These results showed that the SO2 concentrations represented 0.6% of the Class II standard (Standard applicable in the Pudong area). Therefore the impact from SO2 on surrounding environment was considered negligible. The selection of an efficient air sweetener is critical for mitigating the impact on odor. The odours from the conditioning tank will be treated by a three phase odour removal tower using chemical scrubbing method. The Design Institute should carry out case study to assess the efficiency of the odour removal systems and define application scope of different removal methods. 4.3.6. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO THE WTS COMPONENT 4.3.6.1. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY Environmental development The Western Trunk Sewer has been built in the 1970s and is not able to support sewage collection from further future development (especially the economical development of the area of Boashan and the adjustment of the sewage system surface areas specified in sewage Master Plan). The construction and upgrading of the Western Trunk Sewer will enable to support the development of the regional economy and a sustainable environment development. It will improve the sewage treatment system of the north eastern area of Shanghai. Inhabitants safety The existing western sewer is a potential hazard for its surrounding occupiers due to its derelict state (risk of breakage and cracking of the pipe) and development of houses on the existing western trunk route. Through the reconstruction, the safety issues from leakage or overflow of the sewage should be solved. Sewage factory The current western sewer does not enable currently to provide a constant flow of waste water. The construction and upgrading of the western trunk sewer should provide a constant volume of sewage water to the Shidongkou Sewage factory. This should enable to maximise and improve the productivity of the Shidongkou sewage plant. 4.3.6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDDENTAL POLLUTION During operation of the western trunk and the pumping stations, some accidental pollution may arise as described below. Accidents of pipeline cracks or breakage SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 51 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The western trunk sewer route and the branches pipelines cross river courses and roads. Connection between main pipes and branches may break or crack which may lead to road collapsing. In order to minimise risk of road collapsing due to breakage or crack of the pipe, flexible connection for the pipe should be used, necessary investigation for foundations of pipeline should be carried out during construction and road foundations structure should be strengthened (to prevent risk from soft sand). Natural disasters accident Shanghai over the last several hundreds years have experienced earthquakes of a density inferior to level 6. Therefore, it is recommended that the project is designed withstanding earthquake of level 7. Protections measures should be considered for natural disasters such as typhoons, high tide, flooding and thunders: the design of the project should withstand level of typhoon number 12 and a 100 years flood. The upper structure of the pumping stations should withstand thunder. Noxious gases discharge The sewer pipeline and the pumping station operation management must include preventing explosion measures such as removal of wastes at the manholes and re-enforce ventilation and prevent accumulation of organic, toxic and hazardous gas gas. Accidental Power cut The operation of the WTS requires power as pipeline network is controlled and managed by a computer system. Accidental power cuts may cause failure to the computerised control system and cause sewage overflow and environmental impact. In order to prevent deregulation of the sewage flow from accidental power cut, it is suggested that two power supplies (including an emergency power supply) are present at the site. Morevoer, power supply should be reliable and constant to enable good operation of the pumping station. Accidental discharge to the storage tanks During storm, the capacity of the western trunk may be insufficient for draining storm water. If a storage tank is constructed will be used as primary settling tank (decreasing SS) and secondary emergency water storage tank which could be emptied into Wenzaobang river(decreasing the pollutant load of Wenzaobang river). The weight of the full settling tank may provoke sinking of the ground and rise insects density by increasing their reproduction. Foundation of the storage tank should be designed to prevent ground sinking and a chlorine purification system should be included in the construction design in order to decrease the patogens quantity and pollutants present in the water. Accidental risk from existing sewer As the existing sewer is in derelict condition, accidental risk such as collapsing of the sewer and aboveground structures may be a safety hazards for the population. An assessment of the risks associated with the existing sewer should be carried out and adequate measures should be taken to mitigate the risks. General mitigations The improvement of the awareness of safety of the employees by technical training and preparing some safety regulations will mitigate the risk of accidents. When servicing the manhole, the maintenance staff should wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), on-line monitoring for HS2 should be implemented and first aid training to ensure the safety of staff and normal operation. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 52 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 4.3.7. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO BSMF COMPONENT The quantity of wet sludge produced by the WWTP is currently 6,933m3/d (208tDS/d), and is expected to increase to 7,233m3/d (217tDS/d) in the medium term and to 12,667m3/d (380tDS/d) in the long term due to the upgrading of the WWTP with implementation of a biological filtering basin and primary enhancement treatment method. According to the feasibility study, the quantity of sludge after treatment should be 166.4tDS/d, 151.9tDS/d and 266tDS/d respectively. The short term impact of sludge described below is based on the current results of the sludge characterization. However, it is understood that further sampling and analysis of the sludge are currently carried out to validate the characterization of the sludge. 4.3.7.1. SHORT TERM - IMPACT OF SLUDGE In the short-term, the treatment for the sludge includes anaerobic digestion the sludge and dewatering of 90% of the sludge to 70% of moisture content and drying of 10% of the sludge to a water content of 30%. Sludge has been characterized after treatment in the anaerobic digestion pilot plant. Total phosphate, potassium, total nitrogen and metals were analysed on the treated sludge. The results obtained are very variable but generally indicate that the treated sludge contains elevated concentrations of metals. The elevated concentrations of metal measured in the treated sludge originate from initial high concentrations of metal present in the untreated wet sludge and may be increased by pre-concentration factor due to reduction of the organic content from digestion process. Ten analysis of the sludge have been carried out before and after treatment from the 30th of October 2004 to the 8th of November 2004. The characterization of the untreated and treated sludge is summarised in the Table below. TABLE 18 SLUDGE CHARACTERISITICS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT Total P K Total N Cu Cr Cd Pb Hg As Ni Zn Sludge Characteristics in DSmg/kg Min 8080 1800 18500 230 243 2 33 2 5 74 1830 Before Max Treatment 22600 5270 44800 1020 780 7 116 5 12 245 5740 Average 17158 3909 31160 730 620 5 86 3 8 196 4568 Min 6030 1470 15500 304 295 2 36 2 5 89 2210 Max Activated 26300 7620 39300 11200 1190 10 149 7 16 372 8720 Average 15023 4649 26120 1882 767 6 99 4 10 236 5490 Min 7530 1760 14000 350 361 3 43 3 5 108 2650 After Max digestion 22200 7540 52200 1120 999 9 138 7 16 322 6900 Average 17163 5111 30430 859 785 7 99 5 11 248 5416 Standard pH>6.5 - - - 1500 1000 20 1000 15 75 200 3000 GB- 18918 pH<6.5 - - - 800 600 5 300 5 75 100 2000 The results indicated that concentration of zinc and nickel in the digested sludge were above the GB-18918-2002 Standard Values for soil with a pH>6.5. The results of the pilot plant experiment showed that digestion achieved an organic matter removal rate ranging from 30 to 59%. The (Volatile Suspended Solid) VSS/ (Suspended ratio) SS ratio ranged from 45 to 54%. During December 2004 further analysis of sludge has been undertaken at Bailongang, this time using sludge from the actual WWTP which is now under operation. Two forms of analysis were undertaken: SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 53 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT • Leachate tests, to assess sludge toxicity; • Contaminant characteristics, notably heavy metals. Results of these analyses are provided in Appendix B together with similar results from the Shidongkou and Zhuyuan WWTP. Disposal option for sludge According to the current results, zinc and nickel concentrations of the sludge exceed GB-18918- 2002 standards and 90% of the sludge will have water content around 70%. Comparison of the sludge characteristics with the disposal requirement for land utilisation, showed that the sludge cannot be utilised on land unless it is dewatered and that the heavy metal concentration comply with GB-18918-2002 standards. TABLE 19 COMPARISON OF THE CURRENT SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE LAND UTILISATION STANDARDS Agriculture Land fill Dewatered Dry treated Parameters Landscaping Fertilisers cover treated Sludge Sludge Total Cd 20 3 20 - - Total Hg 15 2 15 5 5 Total Pb 1000 20 1000 99 99 Total Cr 1000 50 1000 785 785 Total As 75 10 75 11 11 Total Ni 200 - 200 248 248 Total Zn 3000 - 3000 5416 5416 Water content ≤30% ≤32.0% <60% 70% 30% The standards for agriculture use are based on Shanghai City Local Standard DB31/250-2000. As the water content of sludge is likely to be 70% and as the metal concentrations are above their respective standards, the sludge is recommended to be disposed in a sanitary landfill site. The sludge could either be disposed at: • Bailonggang sludge lagoons, if sufficient capacity. • Laogang landfill site providing that the waste will be mixed with other domestic wastes and meet the waste landfill requirements and that Laogang accepts this type of waste. Transportation to landfill Considering the landfill options, the main impact is from transportation of the sludge from Baillonggang to Laogang. The removal of the stabilised sludge off-site should be carried out promptly in order to ensure a normal operation of the facility and not to damage the surrounding environment. The transportation may be by road and by barge. A detailed transportation procedure should specify the daily amount to be transported, the route and the destination. In order to prevent sludge spreading on the road, the sludge transportation should be carried out in water tight containers. The sludge transportation route should avoid any major transportations routes and be carried out outside rush hours. Heavy metal concentrations SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 54 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The metals concentrations of the sludge are elevated which doe not enable re-use of the sludge at land. In order to decrease the concentrations of metals in the sludge, a Prevention Pollution Control Plan should be implemented in order to determine the source of heavy metals of the waste water effluent and propose measures at the source to reduce release of these metals into the sewer network. Leaching tests Leachate tests could not be presently carried out on the treated sludge samples due to their high moisture content (97%). The leaching tests results must comply with landfill requirements in order to be disposed in domestic landfill site. It is recommended that the water content of the sludge is reduced before leaching tests. Moisture content The moisture content of the sludge will be reduced in the medium term as 100% of the sludge is proposed to be dried to 30% water content. 4.3.7.2. LONG TERM - IMPACT OF SLUDGE In the long term, it is assumed that all the sludge will be dried to a moisture content of 30% and that the characteristics of the sludge will comply with the GB-18918-2002 standards. In absence of data for the characterisation of the treated sludge (long-term), it is assumed that the sludge will have a composition rather similar to the sludge produced by other WWTPs in Shanghai. TABLE 20: COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE FROM THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN SHANGHAI, UNIT: MG/KG DS Caoyang Tianshan Minxing Beijiao Quyang Wusong The standard Analyse WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP value, pH≥6.5 Cu 146 426 119 158 327 226 500 Zn 147 1615 1090 2467 7880 149 1000 Pb 129 116 77 108 8.72 7.27 1000 Cd 5.6 1.5 1.6 2.5 0.78 0.097 20 Cr 70 47 53 22 13 3.74 1000 Ni 43 43 32 45 3.92 65.4 200 Hg 6.04 7.81 2.16 9.25 0.532 1.12 15 As 15 22 7.1 33.4 16.7 2.32 75 The impact of the sludge after stabilisation depends on the disposal option selected. For the Baillongang components, four options were put forward for land utilisation: use as landfill cover, landscaping use, use as soil conditioner and land reclamation. The main environmental impacts are impacts from transportation of the sludge to the disposal site and impact on the quality of the receiving site due to the application of sludge. Sludge transportation The removal of the stabilised sludge off-site should be carried out promptly in order to ensure a normal operation of the facility and not to damage the surrounding environment. The transportation may be by road or by barge depending on the location of the receiving site. A detailed transportation procedure should specify the daily amount to be transported, the route and the destination. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 55 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT In order to prevent sludge spreading on the road or to reduce blowing-off material during transportation, the sludge transportation should be airtight (use of plastic cover). Moreover, high water content sludge (if present) should be transported in water tight containers. The sludge transportation route should avoid any major transportations routes and be carried out outside rush hours. Odour impact The digested sludge will be dried at the temperature of 85°C and its water content should drop to 30%. It is considered that the vapours released during that process will not emit significant odours. After digestion and drying, the digestable organic matter content should decrease and the sludge should be more easily transportable and may be used for land application. According to the similar studies, the odour concentrations from sludge treatment could meet the requirement for odour (less than 20) complying with class II factory boundary standards, with minimum impact on environment. Heavy metal impact In absence of consolidated data regarding the sludge characteristics, the sludge results from other WWTP located in Shanghai were used to assess the risk from heavy metals. The metal concentrations of this sludge comply with the GB-18918-2002 standards. Assuming that the sludge characteristics of the BSMF are similar to the sludge produced by other WWTP in Shanghai, the sludge is suitable for land application. Leachate results In absence of data, results of leaching test from similar studies (dealing with sludge produced by other WWTP located in the area of Shanghai) have been used and showed that there is low impact of leaching from the sludge on the environment. TABLE 21 COMPARISON OF LAND APPLICATION DISPOSAL OPTIONS Item Soil cover for Medium soil for Soil conditioner Filling soil for land landfill site landscaping reclamation Technology feasibility Feasible Feasible Feasible Feasible Requirements for Stabilization, drying and the heavy metals contents should comply with the related sludge standards Transportation Short Relatively long Relatively long Relatively long distance Operation difficulty Easy Difficult because of Difficult because Easy mixture of mixture Sludge demand Large Large Small Small Pollution risk No Yes Yes No Comparison result of Better good good good options If the sludge characteristics (leaching tests and pollutant concentrations) comply with relevant standards for land application, the impact on the quality receiving of the site should be low. However, monitoring of the receiving site including monitoring of the soil, water (drainage, surface and groundwater) will be necessary to assess that the quality of the site is not impacted. 4.3.7.3. TRANSPORTATION OF SLUDGE FROM ZHUYUAN WWTP TO BAILONGGANG WWTP Sludge is currently transported from the Zhuyuan WWTP to the Bailonggang WWTP by truck. The transportation time of the sludge is estimated to 5 years (estimated time capacity of the sludge disposal lagoons). The public consultation showed that the traffic from these trucks creates noise and dust impact to the residents of the Chaogang village. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 56 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Implementation of the Bailonggang Sludge Management Facility is a trial plant for the area of Shanghai. If the installation is successful other WWTPs should be equipped with similar sludge treatment plant. The impact of the implementation of the sludge management facility on the duration of the truck transportation is variable depending on the schedule of the operation: • If the Bailonggang sludge management facility is installed within 5 years, the sludge disposal lagoon capacity will increase and therefore the duration of transportation of the sludge from Zhuyuan to Bailonggang should increase. • If the Zhuyuan WWTP is equipped within the next 5 years with a sludge treatment plant, the duration of the transportation of the sludge from Zhuyuan plant to Bailonggang plant will be below 5 years. 4.3.7.4. ECONOMY AND SOCIAL IMPACT Economical impact Economic benefit comes from sludge application such as landfill cover, landscaping and fertiliser and according to the market survey. The price of the sludge landfill cover or landscape is 30-40 Yuan per tons. For this project if 35 yuan per tons for 166DSt/d: 2.13 millions yuans/y. Improvement of the environment will Increase domestics and international investment. According to the calculation, the sludge treatment could treat the sludge produced by the treatment of 1,200,000m3/d of waste water which could bring great economical benefit for national production. Social impact The implementation of the Bailonggang sludge management facility will have the following positive social impacts: • Improvement of the overall image of Shanghai – The implementaion of the Bailonggang sludge management facility should imporve Shanghai sewage treatment and should promote investment from local and international companies. • Improvement of the recognition of the society for environmental protection work carried out by the government – The implementation of this project should decrease pollution from sludge disposal process which shoould be seen as governmental environmental protection action for the society. • Promote the implementation of the sludge reduction produced by WWTP on a municipal level and at Bailonggang. • Protection the public health safety – The implementation of the sludge management facility should avoid secondary pollution to surface water and groundwater by using a adequate sluge disposal method and consequently improve the water quality for the residenta. 4.3.7.5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION Methane is produced during digestion and should be re-used during the process. In the short term only 10% of the sludge will be dried and therefore there may be excess of methane. In the long term, all the sludge should be dried and the energy balance showed that all the methane should be re-utilised in the process. Explosion or fires may occur from presence of methane at the site. It is anticipated that the associated risks with methane will be higher in the short-term than in the long- term. Prevention of this risk should include training of the staff to the potential hazards, installation of an automatic explosion control system and strict management procedures. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 57 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 5. ALTERNATIVES 5.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER During the EA process, several alternatives related to location and design of the western trunk sewer were examined. 5.1.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER ROUTES OPTIONS Three options were envisaged for the route of the western trunk sewer: • Utilisation of original pipe of the sewer trunk • Construction of a new pipe using a new route; • Partial use of existing pipe and partial construction of new pipe. Option 1: Utilization of Original Pipes This proposal utilizes the pipes along the whole line and mainly includes the following construction contents: 1. Pipes: the reinforced concrete inner tubes are added, original inspection shafts and escape holes are reinforced and repaired. 2. Structures of pump stations: the lower structures are utilized, but the reinforced concrete inner tubes shall be added; the upper buildings are reconstructed and the houses for living facilities are added appropriately. 3. Equipments in pump stations: the pumps and electrical equipments are replaced, the grids are newly built (except for Xincun Road Pump Station), and the deodorizing devices and control systems of the pump stations are added. For this proposal, in order to ensure normal operation of Shidongkou Sewage Plant during maintenance and reconstruction, the expenditure on temporary drainage facilities is higher; in addition, in order to ensure the pipes can work safely during construction and after repair, the existing buildings over pipes and in protected areas for pipes are considered according to dismantlement and permanent acquisition of land. Option 2: Construction of New Pipes (Under Planned Roads) As original West Trunk Line was not originally located under a planned road and was built on a land which as not been acquired by the sewage company, a large number of houses and factories were built around and over the pipes during regional development. As a consequence the pipe lacks access, repair and maintenance of the pipe are made difficult and safe operation of the pipe is impossible. According to current specification requirements, in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of West Trunk Line, all buildings within West Trunk Line and protected areas shall be dismantled which will imply a great amount of expenses and an important social impact. In consideration of these reasons, this option proposed to build the Western Trunk Sewer under existing roads and planned roads in the area. The pumping stations location and number would be designed to support the amount of sewage collected from branch lines for near term and long term. Two schemes were proposed for this second option: 1. Scheme of Fuchang Road Specific route: Xincun Road Pump Station - Xixiang Road -Pingli Road - Zhidan Road - West Guangzhong Road - Yuncheng Road - Gaoping Road - Wenshui Road - planned Kangning Road - planned Fuchang Road - Shitai Road - Yunchuan Road - Meishui Road - Shidongkou Sewage Plant. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 58 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 2. Scheme of Yunchuan Road Specific route: Xincun Road Pump Station - Xixiang Road - Pingli Road - Zhidan Road - West Guangzhong Road - Yuncheng Road - Wenshui Road - planned Kangning Road - planned Fuchang Road - Bao’an Highway - Yunchuan Road - Meishui Road - Shidongkou Sewage Plant. Through consultation and coordination of multiple parties, the scheme of Fuchang Road for the newly laid pipes is regarded reasonable and feasible. Option 3: Partial Construction of New Pipes and Partial us of Original Pipes (Stepped Implementation) West Trunk Line is located between urban center and Outer Ring Road with a length of approx. 9.67km. The buildings within the scope of pipes are numerous and account for 70% of the total building area within the protected areas. Therefore, it appears very disruptive and difficult to re-use the existing pipe at this location as this would involve demolition of existing housing and buildings. It is therefore proposed to construct a new pipe for this section of the western sewer trunk. The overall length from the area to north of Outer Ring Road to Shidongkou WWTP is approximately 13.53km. As this section of the pipe is not heavily developed, the pipes of West Trunk Line may be utilized in short term and the pipes will then be newly laid for long term. The two sections of the Western trunk are described below: - South of Outer Ring Road: in combination with existing roads and planned roads in this area, lay new pipes, establish new Zouma Pond Pump Statoin and new Yunzao Brook Pump Station, reconstruct Xincun Road Pump Station, add deodorizing devices, replace pumps and electrical equipments, and provide control systems. - North of north of Outer Ring Road: reserve original West Trunk Line in near term, only repair the brick-up arch pipes, inspection shafts and escape holes, reconstruct Meipu Pump Station and Lianqi Pump Station (including replacement of pumps and electrical equipments), and add grid shafts, deodorizing devices and control systems. The pipes to north of Outer Ring Road will then be newly laid for long term, Meipu Pump Station and Lianqi Pump Station will be discarded, and Yueluo Road Pump Station will be newly established in the meantime. Comparison between Proposals –Environmental impacts The comparison between the proposals is summarised in the table below. The second option was selected as it is likely to be the less disruptive and the less expensive option. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 59 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 22 COMPARISON BETWEEN SCENARIOS FOR THE WESTERN TRUNK PROJECT Scenario 3 Item Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Short-term Long Term Construction of 10.77km new pipes (Ø Construction of 24.45km new pipes 2200 - Ø 2700), reconstruction of 4.1km (Ø2200-Ø2700); Reconstruction of 1 Rehabilitation of 23.2km pipes; Rehabilitation of 5 pipes and utilization of 8.9km existing Project description pumping station and construction of 3 new Project quantity pumping stations pipes; Reconstruction of 3 pumping station pumping stations and construction of 2 new pumping stations Project total investment (10,000yuan) 33176.33 45380.69 25818.17 Project total investment (10,000yuan) Preparatory cost* Preparatory cost* 76596.61 58554.08 63013.53 (10,000yuan) (10,000yuan) Total investment Short-term 97270.71, 120201.37 113808.57 Long-term 46345.57, (10,000yuan) Total 147415.98 Strengthening of existing pipes requires construction during operation, therefore, temporary 91% of the trunk is buried under the road With the construction of new pipe and the rehabilitation of old pipes at the same Construction difficulties pipes and lift pumping stations should be with fewer construction difficulties time, the construction difficulty is between that of Scenario 1 and 2. constructed for transitional period, which is quite difficult due to the large wastewater quantity. Within the 10m protective area on both sides of Since the pipe is to be buried under the existing Western Trunk, there are all kinds of Construction conditions planned roads, it is quite convenient for The construction condition is between that of the first two scenarios. unplanned buildings, which are poor in construction construction. conditions. Much, but could be co-constructed with the Resettlement workload Much Relatively much planned roads. Large, especially the temporary land acquisition If the sewers could be laid out during the amount will increase due to the construction of construction of planned roads, the Social impact scope Relatively large temporary pipes and lift pumping stations during secondary construction impacts on the construction period. surrounding residents could be prevented. Environmental impact significant significant significant during the second phase construction period The roads on the existing pipe route have been put Pipes are laid out along the planned roads into operation, which means the construction of this with little transportation impact. Impacts on transportation Relatively great project will greatly impact the transportation of the related roads. The old pipes will be abandoned. The Disposal of existing pipes and existing pumping stations will be In the short term part of the existing pipes will be abandoned; and in the long Reserved pumping stations abandoned except Xincun Road Pumping term all of the existing pipes will be abandoned. Station. Impacts during operation period Mainly from the pumping stations Mainly from the pumping stations Mainly from the pumping stations SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 60 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 5.1.2. ALTERNATIVES Use SPP1 Text from AM: In particular, the mission suggested to the Shanghai Water Authority (SWA) and their design institutes, that they determine if all or part of the wastewater flow from this trunk could go through the existing SSP1 system to the Zhuyuan plant, in which case the Shi Dong Kou wastewater treatment plant could instead be used effectively for flows from the Baoshan (which expects much increased population) and nearby areas in Jiading District. This option need to be analyzed and may present significant cost savings. Alternative to current design -Optimization of Scenario 2 The original scenario 2 (defined as Scenario 2A in this chapter, shallow buried scenario) is optimized to decrease the resettlement cost into Scenario 2B in which the pipes between Zoumatang and Wenzaobang will be deeply buried with pipe jacking method and consequently Zoumatang pumping station would not be implemented. TABLE 23 DESCRIPTION OF THE TWO SCENARIOS Item Scenario 2A Scenario 2B Xincun pumping station – Xixiang Road – Pingli Road –Zhidan Road – West Guangzhong Road –Yuncheng Road – Gaoping Road – Wenshui Road – planned Pipeline route Kangning Road – Planned Fuchang Road – Shitai Road – Wenchuan Road – Meishui Road – Shidongkou WWTP 4 including the rehabilitation of Xincun Road 3 including the rehabilitation of Pumping Station and the construction of new Xincun Road Pumping Station Layout of pumping stations Zoumatang, Wenzaobang and Yueluo Road and the construction of new pumping stations. Wenzaobang and Yueluo Road pumping stations. Xincun Road ф2400 L=2975m. This pipe section is under ~ Wenshui the existing road with all kinds of buried Same as Scenario 2A Road pipelines, pipe jacking method will be used. Wenshui ф2400 L=1790m. This pipe section is under Road ~ the planned road with a deep buried depth, Same as Scenario 2A Zoumatang pipe jacking method will be used. ф2400 L=4600m. This pipe Zoumatang ф2400 L=4600m. This pipe section is under section is under the planned road ~ the planned road with a buried depth less than Construction with a buried depth of 7-10.1m, Wenzaobang 6.5m, excavation method will be mainly used. methods for pipe jacking method will be used. the trunk ф2700 L=8560m. This pipe section is under Wenzaobang the planned road, and according to its buried ~ Yueluo Same as Scenario 2A depth, both pipe jacking and excavation Road methods will be used. ф2700 L=6520m. This pipe section is partly Yueluo Road under the existing roads and partly under the ~ planned roads, and it is pressured pipe, Same as Scenario 2A Shidongkou therefore mainly excavation method will be WWTP used. The scenario 2A and 2B have been compared in the table below. The scenario 2B is currently the most favourable option as it involves the implementation of three pumping stations instead of four and minimise costs, social and environmental impacts. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 61 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 24 COMPARISON OF SCENARIO 2A AND SCENARIO 2B Item Scenario 2A Scenario 2B Pipeline length 24.45km Number of pumping 4 3 stations Pipes 32533.23 Pipes 34100.19 Project cost Pumping stations 8586.97 Pumping stations 7149.72 (10,000yuan) Total 41120.20 Total 41249.91 Pipes 47283.89 Pipes 43515.07 Preparatory cost Pumping stations 14833.14 Pumping stations 9561.50 (10,000yuan) Total 62117.03 Total 53076.57 Total project investment 120721.79 111901.43 (10,000yuan) 3 pumping stations and the area along the 4 pumping stations and the area along pipeline route. Since Zoumatang pumping Resettlement workload the pipeline route station is canceled, land acquisition is 11,207m2 less. Since pipe jacking method is used for the pipe section between Zoumatang and Wenzaobang, Totally 175,688m2 land should be land acquisition is 25000m2 less during the Social impact scope acquired during the construction period. construction period, which could decrease the environmental impacts to the surrounding residents. Disposal of existing pipes The old pipes will be abandoned. The existing pumping stations will be and pumping stations abandoned except Xincun Road Pumping Station. Mainly from pumping stations Mainly from pumping stations, but there is one Impacts during operation less pumping station in Scenario 2B compared period with Scenario 2A. 5.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY During the EA process, several alternatives disposal options and treatment process or design were examined. 5.2.1. SLUDGE DISPOSAL OPTIONS Sea disposal Sea disposal consists in dumping sludge into the sea, which has been widely used in coastal countries like USA, Japan, UK, Irish and Spain. However, due to its great potential environmental impacts, it has been phased out in USA and European countries. This disposal method is forbidden in China. Incineration There are two types of incineration for sludge: • Direct incineration which consists in direct incineration of dewatered sludge (normally with the water content 75~80%). Generally additional fuel is required for this process due to the low energy value of the sludge associated with the high water content. • Drying incineration: The sludge is dried before incineration, which increase the energy value of sludge. Therefore additional fuel is not required for this process. Pollution from incineration processes (smoke, gas emissions (SO2, NOx, dioxins), wastewater, oven residue (hazardous wastes), flying ash, odour and noise) should be strictly controlled and managed to prevent the adverse environmental impacts. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 62 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Landfill disposal Landfill is the most common disposal option for sludge. Sludge can be disposed in special landfill designed for sludge or in domestic landfill: - Disposal in special sludge landfill disposal. The sludge must comply with the following characteristics: moisture content <60% and an organic matter content <50%. The landfill design should prevent any leaching of contaminant. - Disposal in domestic landfill. The sludge must be primarily mixed with domestic waste in order for its characteristics to comply with the specifications of domestic waste. Stabilisation and Land application Land application is the optimum disposal option for stabilized sludge, which includes landscaping, landfill soil cover, soil conditioner (neutralisation of alkaline soils), fertilisers, construction soil and land reclamation. Stabilisation and land application was selected for the Baillonggang project. TABLE 25: COMPARISON OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL OPTIONS Item Incineration Sanitary landfill Land application Investment High Relatively low Low Technology feasibility Feasible Feasible Feasible Energy value Widely applicable Digestion to control heavy Requirements for sludge metals, pathogen, etc. Little Less with the construction of There might be some impacts, Surface water pollution dams which could be mitigated impact and mitigation through proper site selection measures and stabilization treatment No There might be some impacts, There might be some impacts, Ground water pollution which could be mitigated by which could be mitigated impact and mitigation horizontal and vertical leakage- through proper site selection measures proof lining. and stabilization treatment Incineration tail gas, There is impact, which could be Light odour which could be mitigated by laying gas discharged in conduits. Air pollution impact and compliance with the mitigation measures related standard after installing the purification treatment facilities No Impact on the soil within the There might be some impacts, landfill area, which could be which could be mitigated Soil pollution impact and mitigated by the enforced through proper site selection mitigation measures greening construction after site and stabilization treatment closure. Difficulties in operation Relatively easy Easy Relatively complicated and management Operation cost High Relatively low Low The heat energy from No Utilized as soil cover or for Utilization incineration could be greening utilized Comparison result of Ok Good Best options 5.2.2. STABILISATION PROCESS OPTIONS There are three main types of stabilisation processes for sludge stabilisation including anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion and composting. A comparative analysis of these options is presented in Table 26. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 63 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 26 COMPARISON OF SLUDGE STABILISATION PROCESSES Stabilization Advantages Disadvantages method Favorable removing ratio of volatile It requires skilled operational staff; may solids; able to reduce net running produce bubbles; slow to form methane; the cost if marsh gas is used; organism supernatant fluid is rich in COD, BOD, SS and Anaerobic solid applicable to garden or ammonia; difficult to clean (dross and grit); may digestion agricultural use; low active pathogen, generate odor; require higher initial investment; reduced total sludge amount, and potential safety problem related to inflammable rich in managerial experience gas. Lower initial investment, suitable for Higher dissipation of energy, lower removing small-sized sewage treatment plant, ratio of volatile solid as compared with less supernatant fluid in comparison anaerobic digestion, hard to dewater organism Aerobic of anaerobic digestion, simple to solid with mechanical method; low temperature digestion operate and control, no odor, has a strong impact on operation; might reduced total sludge amount spurge; lack of successful experience of large- somehow. sized sewage treatment plants Requires filler, powerful ventilation, manual High quality, able to be put on sale, stirring, larger space and carbon source, high Composting lower initial investment (static running cost, producing odor, and lack of composting) successful experience of large-sized sewage treatment plant The anaerobic digestion method was selected for the following reasons • The relatively warm climate of Shanghai is favorable of anaerobic digestion as it reduces the amount of heat for process. • The anaerobic digestion has been widely tested nationally and internationally and is a validated digestion method. • Anaerobic digestion reduces sludge production and improve the dewatering property of sludge However, the anaerobic digestion is a sophisticated stabilisation treatment and requires a strict operation management and skill operational staff. 5.2.3. LAND UTILISATION OPTIONS AFTER STABILISATION The different options for land utilisation are described as follows: Landfill cover option Material used as landfill cover should comply with "Technical Standards of Sanitary Landfill Of Municipal Domestic Garbage, CJJ17-88" defines the sanitary landfill area of domestic garbage in Clause 4.0.4. As the Laogang landfill lacks of cover material, stabilised sludge could be used as landfill cover at the Laogang landfill site. The use of sludge as daily covering material has the following environmental benefits: • Reduction of harmful organisms • Preventing the rubbish from blowing off and improving the view of landfill • Reduction of odour • Preventing from accidental fires Landscaping option As per "Public Green Area Planning of City Center in Shanghai" and "Municipal Forest Planning in Shanghai", it is estimated that the whole city is able to absorb 117 million m3 planting soil resource from 2005 to 2020, and the planned sewage and sludge amount of the whole city in 2020 will be only 2.68 million m3 per year（calculated upon moisture percentage of 80%). The Greening Bureau of Shanghai has not yet designed a receiving site for landscape application. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 64 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT The sludge Soil use as landscaping must comply with "Shanghai Gardening Soil Standard"(DBJ08- 231-98) as planting soil standard and "Tree Planting Standards"(Hulv (2003) No.75 Document). TABLE 27 SHANGHAI GARDENING SOIL STANDARD AND TREE PLANTING STANDARD Organic Calcium Volume Ventilation EC Indices pH substance carbonate weight voidage (ms/cm) 3 (g/kg) (g/kg) (Mg/m ) (%) Shanghai Gardening <7.8 0.35~1.20 ≥15 ≤50 ≤1.3 8.0 Soil Standard Shanghai Greening <8.3 0.12~0.50 ≥10 ≤80 ≤1.35 5.0 No.75 Document The quantity of sludge applied on the receiving site should strictly be specified and controlled to avoid overloading of the site with sludge. The quality of the stabilised sludge (contaminants, nutrients, water content) should be clearly established and be suitable for land application. Water, soil and odour at the receiving site should be monitored to assess the quality at the site. Land application of sludge has the following environmental benefit: • Sludge is rich in many chemical constituents that are beneficial to the soil quality and plants growth. • Soil and plants enable the assimilation and stabilization of some pollutants present in sludge. • The minerals composition of sludge is similar to the mineral composition of soil. • Sludge through certain treatment has soil mechanic properties close to soil • Promote the development of green areas in Shanghai. Agricultural use The alkaline land throughout Shanghai City is approximately 60 thousand mu, and it is relatively effective to use sewage and sludge as soil conditioner. If it is allowed to employ them to the maximum load as per agricultural use standard of sludge (GB4284-84), that is, the amount used in each mu per year will not exceed 2,000kg dry sludge (the continuous application in the same plot of soil should never exceed 20 years), the 600 thousand mu alkaline lands of the whole city can absorb 24 million m3 sludge in twenty years, equivalent to 9 times of the sewage and sludge amount in 2020. Land Reclamation As per Shanghai shallows program, the marginal bank coverage of continental areas during the fifth Five-Year Program and the eleventh Five-Year Program is listed in Table 28 . TABLE 28: FENCED AREA OF MARGINAL BANK Nanhui Marginal Bank Hangzhouwan Northern Margin Unit:10,000 mou m2 Unit:10,000 mou m2 The tenth Five-Year 16 1.07×108 1.05 7×106 Program The eleventh Five-Year 0 0 1.0 6.7×106 Program Sludge use as land reclamation is under the strong influence of tides and water bodies. Therefore the risk for leaching of potential contaminants present in the sludge into the water may be significant. However, the dilution capacity of the receiving water body will significantly reduce this risk. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 65 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Comparison of land utilisation option At present, the land fill cover and the landscape options are the most favourable options. However, a full characterisation of the sludge after treatment and identification of the receiving sites are necessary in order to identified the environmental impacts for both options (i.e. impact from transportation and impact of land application). SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 66 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be considered during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions deemed necessary to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in the EA reports and the way these measures are implemented to achieve their mitigation objectives. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of Government Agencies, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results. 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS To secure an efficient implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures, these measures must be presented in the main contractual documentation which includes 1) The Memorandum of Contract Negotiation and 2) the Technical Specifications, through a clear reference to the EA and EMP and should be detailed in the Technical Specifications. Thus, the preparation of detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor will be a first mitigation measure proposed prior to the bidding process, with the objective to have eventually a contractual document which establishes clearly the obligations of the contractor, the quantities of work involved and the related cost of measures. 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR It is proposed to develop detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor, which can be in the future easily adapted to the specific context of each considered project. These specifications will be organized into 4 sections: • Section A : Environmental Protection Management • Section B : Labor Camps and Occupational Health Management • Section C : Safety Management • Section D : Social Management Each section will address 2 aspects: 1) Sub-Section 1 : description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section; and 2) Sub-Section 2: description of performance indicators that will be monitored for deciding payment of the services. Section A will specify the Contractor obligations regarding the preparation of a Construction Site Environmental Management Program (CSEMP) aiming at protecting the work sites and their surroundings against potentially adverse impacts. The Contractor's CSEMP will include the facilities and procedures for the management of camps and construction wastes, the soil conservation measures and proposed rehabilitation works once the construction ends, the measures aiming at protecting cultural and ecological assets if any, the preventive measures against water pollution and the monitoring program (air, water). Section B will address the minimum standards to be implemented in the labour camps and facilities regarding issues as workers accommodation, food supply and canteen, waste management, water supply, treatment of sewage and sanitary conditions on site. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 67 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Section C will address safety issues, and the related Environmental Specifications will cover two distinct aspects, i) On-site Safety, Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), and Medical issues, and ii) Off site Safety issues. On-site Safety, PPE, and medical aspects address all the measures the Contractor needs to implement to ensure a safety standard equivalent to international practice, and to provide appropriate medical emergency procedures for the workforce. Off-site Safety concerns all issues to be dealt with outside construction sites proper. It covers traffic hazards resulting from the transport of equipment to or from the construction sites, and focuses mainly on the trunk sewer component which will involve construction activities along about 1000km in populated and high traffic density areas. For Off-site issues, the Environmental Specifications will define objectives. The Contractor will detail in its proposal the plan he intends to implement to achieve these objectives. Section D will define the framework conditions for the Contractor to manage social issues related to construction activities. Most of these conditions will focus on how to reduce nuisance to residents, mainly anticipated from noise, from the temporary road closures and the cut-off of electricity, gas, water or telephone services when laying the trunk sewer network. The contractors will be requested to prepare a Nuisance Control Plan (NCP) which will be discussed with Project authorities and other Municipal Agencies concerned and with affected residents during information and consultation meetings. Issues to be discussed will focus on the procedures to be applied by the contractor prior to close a road or to cut-off water, gas or any other service, and on the general nuisance as access to buildings and shops, noise and air pollution. 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION The SHUEP implementation will be managed by a Project Management Office (PMO) under the Shanghai Municipal Government. Under this PMO, four Project Implementation Units (PIU) will be created within each project owner, one for the waste water component, two for the water supply component and one for the solid waste component. The PMO will be assisted by an independent Construction Supervision Engineer (CSE) during the construction stage of the facilities. It is proposed to strengthen environmental and social management during the implementation of the EMP at both PMO and CSE levels. To ensure that applicable national, provincial and municipal environmental laws, regulations and standards, as well as WB environmental and social requirements are respected during Project preparation and implementation, an Environmental and Social Division (ESD) will be established within the PMO. During construction stage, the ESD will have the responsibility to coordinate monitoring activities with the contractors and concerned government agencies, to ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures decided in the EMP. The ESD will be composed of 2 specialists, one Head of the Department (Environmental Specialist) and one Resettlement Coordinator. These two specialists will be assisted by a full time secretary. It is assumed that accountancy needs of the ESD will be satisfied on a part time basis by the accountancy staff of the PMO. At field level, the ESD will rely on the Construction Supervision Engineer, through an Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) including a Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser (CSEA) assisted by Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). It is proposed to appoint 1 ESFI to each component (waste water, water and solid waste). The proposed general organization for Environmental and Social management of the project is presented in the following Figure. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 68 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 18: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP Environmental EMP Supervision Design & construction period agencies Shanghai Municipal Government SEPA PMO Env. Management Division (EMD) 1 Environment Specialist/ 1 RAP Specialist Shanghai Municipal EPB Shanghai South Minhang Water Water Supply Supply Company SMSC SCAESAB Company PIU PIU PIU PIU Compliance Monitoring Construction Supervision Eng. Environmental Supervision Unit (ESU) 1 Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser (CSEA) 3 Env. Field Inspectors (EFI) Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for SSWPC MWSC SMSC SCAESAB 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES The management of the environmental and social monitoring effort will involve open communications between the field personnel of the CSE, the ESD and the PMO. An important element of the communication process will be the organized transfer of information concerning situations that do not comply with the project environmental requirements, specifications, goals or objectives. These situations are identified on site by the CSEA and his ESFI staff, and then reported when appropriate at higher level for decision. To help focus senior management attention on the most important issues, non-compliance observations will be separated into 3 levels on the basis of importance, and communications requirements for the observations will be commensurate with the severity of the non-compliance situation. The proposed non-compliance detection, reporting and resolution flow-chart is presented in the following Figure. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 69 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIGURE 19: COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 70 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 6.3.2. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ORGANIZATION Activities to be carried out for the organization, training and management of environmental and social issues are presented in detail in the EMP. 6.4. MONITORING 6.4.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES The environmental monitoring of construction activities is at the centre of the effective implementation of the EMP: The objective is to carry out a regular and comprehensive review of the actual implementation status of the environmental obligations of the Contractor. This monitoring aims at ensuring compliance of Contractor activities with its contractual commitments as well as with the environmental regulations and standards prevailing in PRC. Monitoring is carried out throughout the project construction stage by the CSEA, assisted in his task by Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). ESFIs monitor field activities on a daily basis while CSEA will make a monthly routine visit to each construction site, keeping aside exceptional visits resulting from the observation of a non-compliance. The ESU will monitor all aspects relevant to the 4 sections of the Environmental Specifications. For each section, a Standard Site Review Sheet (SRS) will be prepared at the beginning of the project, by the ESD and the Technical Assistance. The SRS system will allow, on a monthly basis, a rapid review of the environmental progress on the construction sites, a tool for ranking the quality level observed and a formal way to check if requirements expressed to the Contractor the previous month have been given due attention and are satisfactory. Based on this review by the ESU, the ESD will give or not its approval for payments of the concerned components for the given period. 6.4.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING Objectives of water quality monitoring are: • To ensure a strict control of pollution from construction activities and to check the efficiency of water quality protection measures set up by the civil work contractor; • To ensure that construction activities do not alter significantly the river or reservoir or aquifer water quality; • To ensure that the treatment facilities function correctly during the operation period. To satisfy these objectives, two distinct monitoring will be organized, one focusing on construction sites and on the release of pollutants, the other on the condition of the receiving water bodies. The first monitoring system is called a Compliance Monitoring, which will compare discharges from the construction site with existing standards in PRC. Routine monitoring will be performed by the Contractor according to determined sampling sites, procedures and laboratory. Random control of results will be done by the EPB. The second monitoring type is called an Effect Monitoring, as it tries to link specific human activities to any changes in the environmental characteristics of the receiving water body. This monitoring will be carried out by the EPB supported Water Quality Monitoring Component together with their standard ambient river water quality monitoring program. During operation period of the Waste Water components, the new western trunk may affect the functioning of the Shidongkou WWTP and therefore impact the quality of the WWTP water discharge. Therefore monitoring of the Shidongkou outfall and of Yangzte River downstream from the Shidongkou outfall should be carried out. It was understood that this was proposed as part of the Shidongkou WWTP EA, but it appears that no specific monitoring point on the Yangtze has yet been implemented. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 71 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Compliance waste water analyses have to be undertaken along pipeline connected to the Western Trunk Sewer and at the pumping stations in order to monitor and control the quality of the sewage. The compliance of the monitoring for the waste water will be carried out by Shanghai Municipal Waste Water Monitoring (SMWWM), under SMSC. TABLE 29: WASTE WATER MONITORING – WESTERN TRUNK Parameters Location Frequency (per year) Domestic pipe > 100m3/d ≥3 pH, SS, BOD, COD, total organic carbon, NH3, Total N, Domestic Pipe 50-100m3/d ≥2 Total P, phenol, hydrocarbons, Domestic Pipe 10-50m3/d ≥1 heavy metals Pumping station – inlet or outlet 4 times The quality of the surface and groundwater water at Bailonggang should be monitored as part of the monitoring program of the sludge disposal lagoon. 6.4.3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MONITORING Monitoring of air quality and noise will be maintained throughout construction and operation stages of the project. The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that air pollution, dust and noise standards are respected on the construction sites and that these nuisances are kept to a minimum acceptable level for the surrounding residents. Noise will be monitored by EPB. Noise levels will be monitored over 24 hrs duration inside the construction sites and nearly, following national standard GB16297 for measurement methods. Monitoring will be operated on a random basis, without informing the contractor. Special attention will be provided to noise levels during night-time and to noise levels around residential areas. During the operation phase, the noisiest sources will be monitored. TABLE 30 NOISE MONITORING – OPERATION PHASE Site Monitoring Locations Frequency No. of samples Bailonggang 1m from the WWTP, south west and north west 4 times per year 8 Western trunk 1m from the pumping station – most sensitive side yearly 3 Total 11 Noise levels will be taken during day and night During the operation phase, the gases should be monitored in order to control the operation of the Bailonggang Sludge Management facility and to ensure that odour from pumping stations are kept to a minimum and are not a nuisance for the surrounding residents. The monitoring of gas during operation is described below. TABLE 31 GAS MONITORING – OPERATION Monitoring parameters Site Monitoring Location Frequency No of samples H2S, NH3, odour Bailonggang South gate of WWTP Yearly 1 Bailonggang Odour removal tower Yearly 1 Western Trunk Air vent or boundary of pumping station Yearly 3 SO2, NO2 Bailonggang Methane boiler Yearly 1 Total 6 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 72 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 6.4.4. SLUDGE MONITORING Sludge monitoring will be performed at the Bailonggang sludge management facility during the operation phase. The purpose of the monitoring is to control the sludge management facility and WWTP processes, ensure that the sludge characteristics comply with the national standards (GB- 18918-2002) and to provide characteristics of the sludge to control its disposal route. The sludge monitoring parameters should include parameters included in the GB-18918-2002 standards and required for the land utilization selection. The sludge monitoring should be carried out before and after treatment. In absence of guidance on sludge monitoring frequency in the “Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural application (GB4284-84-1984-05-18)”, “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal waste water treatment plant (GB-18918-2002, 2003-07-01)” and “Quality Standards of soil for landscape and garden (DBJ03-231-98)”, the frequency of sampling for treated sludge is based on industry good practice. It is suggested to monitor the treated sludge once a month for agronomic parameters, heavy metals and microorganisms, once every two months for organic compounds and once a year for dioxins. The untreated sludge should be sampled at least at the same frequency in order to assess the efficiency of the sludge management plant. 6.4.5. MONITORING OF THE RECEIVING SITE The sludge in the long term is proposed to be applied on land after stabilization. If land utilization consists in agricultural use, conditioning and landscaping, the receiving site should be monitored in order to assess the quality of the site and control the potential impact of sludge application. Based on current good practice of agricultural land utilization (Working Document on sludge, 3rd draft, Brussels 2000), the soil of the receiving site has to be analysed before the first use of sludge and every ten years thereafter. The parameters should include pH, soil texture, heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorous. The representative soil sample for analysis should be a composite sample of 25 samples collected within a maximum of 5ha. The depth of the sample should be 0.25m. If elevated contaminant concentrations are encountered in the soils, further testing as leaching tests, groundwater analysis, surface/drainage water analysis should be undertaken. 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP The implementation of the EMP measures relies on the intervention of several parties involving funding from different budget lines or sources. Most of the activities involve routine measurements, field sampling or testing are to be provided by the contractor, and will be included in his tendered cost. These costs will be presented in his tender in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the bidding documentation. However, the rather limited budgets involved in environmental activities are probably not sufficient to raise a strong interest from the Contractor. Until environmental protection practices become a fully integrated part of construction contracts, penalties are the most efficient way to expedite the process. For that reason, it is considered to establish a contractor obligations budget to a fixed percentage of the construction costs, say 4%. This amount will be split into 2% direct fees to be paid to the contractor in accordance with the progress of the work, and 2% as a retainer, to be paid in accordance with the actual goodwill demonstrated by the Contractor in the implementation of environmental and social measures and for efficient and quick correction of non-compliance. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 73 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT Operational costs for the ESD will be included in the global Project Management Cost related to the PMO and the PIUs. Office and field equipment as well as transportation facilities costs will also be included in the same budget. Monitoring activity by ESFI and CSEA staff is part of the Construction Management and Supervision Cost of the Project. Training requirements involving foreign consultancy will be included in the Technical Assistance budget for the project. Provision will also be allocated to ESD for the appointment of domestic or foreign specialists on an ad hoc basis, if circumstances during the construction stage require such high level expertise. These will also be charged to the Technical Assistance budget for the project. The budget estimate will be provided in the EMP report. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 74 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 32: SUMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS Project Owner SMSC Item Bailonggang Zhuyuan North West Drainage Area Water Monitoring No information and document for this project, so the budget for this project is estimated based on Bailonggang Sludge Treatment project,which has the same situation with Zhuyuan Sludge Treatment project. Monitoring Items - - Water Volume, PH,CODcr,BOD5,Ammonia-nitrogen, TP,Petroleum, Suplhide,SS (9 Items) Monitoring Positions - - 4 Monitoring Frequency - - once per month Average Unit Cost - - 100 RMB/monitoring once.one item Annual Cost - - 43 200 (100 RMB*12 months*4 Positions*9 Items) Sludge Monitoring Monitoring Positions 2* 2* 2 Monitoring Items Heavy metals: As, Cr, Ni, Cd,Pb,Hg(6 items), Organic Heavy metals: As, Cr, Ni, Cd,Pb,Hg(6 items), Organic Heavy metals: As, Cr, Ni, Cd,Pb,Hg(6 items), Organic substances: PAHs, PCBs,Dioxins, Halogenated organics substances: PAHs, PCBs,Dioxins, Halogenated organics substances: PAHs, PCBs,Dioxins, Halogenated (4 items),Water content (1 item). (4 items),Water content (1 item). organics (4 items),Water content (1 item). Monitoring Frequency once per month once per month once per month Average Unit Cost 120 RMB/monitoring once.one item(Heavy Metals); 120 RMB/monitoring once.one item(Heavy Metals); 120 RMB/monitoring once.one item(Heavy Metals); 100RMB/monitoring once.one item(Organic substances 100RMB/monitoring once.one item(Organic substances 100RMB/monitoring once.one item(Organic and Water content) and Water content) substances and Water content) Annual Cost 29 280 29 280 29 280 ((120 RMB*6 Items +100 RMB* 5 Items )*12 months*2 ((120 RMB*6 Items +100 RMB* 5 Items )*12 months*2 ((120 RMB*6 Items +100 RMB* 5 Items )*12 months*2 Positions) Positions) Positions) Noise Monitoring Monitoring Positions 2* 2* 4 Monitoring Frequency once per month once per month once per month Average Unit Cost 70 RMB/once (daytime) and 110 RMB/once (nighttime) 70 RMB/once (daytime) and 110 RMB/once (nighttime) 70 RMB/once (daytime) and 110 RMB/once (nighttime) Annual Cost 4 320 4 320 8 640 Annual Cost ((70+110)*12 months*2 positions) ((70+110)*12 months*2 positions) ((70+110)*12 months*4 positions) Air Monitoring Monitoring Positions 5* 5* 4 Monitoring Items NH3, H2S, SO2 NH3, H2S, SO2 NH3, H2S, SO2 Monitoring Frequency once per month once per month once per month Average Unit Cost 110 RMB/monitoring once.one item 110 RMB/monitoring once.one item 110 RMB/monitoring once.one item Annual Cost 19 800 19 800 15 840 Annual Cost (110 RMB*12 months*5 positions*3 items) (110 RMB*12 months*5 positions*3 items) (110 RMB*12 months*4 positions*3 items) Staff & Transportation Annual Cost 20 000 20 000 20 000 Subtotal Annual Budget 73 400 73 400 116 960 Total Annual Budget 263 760 SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 75 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE According to China environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), public participation work was carried out during Environmental Assessment to involve the people directly or indirectly related to this project. 7.1. WESTERN TRUNK SEWER PROJECT Public investigation was based upon the issue of questionnaires, random consultation and announcement through local people’s government, to seek opinions and suggestions from all social circles directly or indirectly related to the project area. People canvassed included staff of government agencies, ordinary residents of town, villages, factory and company farmers and professionals. Study Area The project is located on three areas, six towns, 2 streets and it involves 18 villages, 284 households living from agriculture and 69 businesses and firms. The residents and the businesses of the area which are located in these areas will be part of the public consultation. In addition, the consultation will involve the overall residents of Shanghai. The public consultation will be carried out for the following areas: • Within 100m radius from the pumping stations • Whithin 100m radius from the gas wells • Sewer Trunk pipe route, including Ganquan Block in Puotuo District, Daning Block and Pengpu Town in Zhabei District, Miaohang Town, Yanghang Town, Gucun Town, Luodian Town and Yuepu Town in Baoshan District. • The whole city of Shanghai Public consultation The public consultation was based on the the following people: • Entreprise or businesses which need to be relocated; • Entreprises and residents whose land has to be temporarily borrowed during construction works, such as some enterprises and residents in Ganquan Block of Putuo District, Pengpu Town of Zhabei District, Miaohang Town, Gucun Town, Yanghang Town, Luodian Town and Yuepu Town of Baoshan District; • Residents commmittee, Block committee, Administrative departments of district government, district environmental sanitary committee, and Women's Federation, such as Ganquan Block in Putuo District, Pengpu Town of Zhabei District, Gucun Town of Baoshan District and the Municipal Greening Bureau and so on; • Ordinary residents The purpose of the public consultation is to represent the project to the public (namely, design, advantages, impacts and the mitigations proposed) in order for the public to understand the project proposed and to give its opinion and views. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 76 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 33: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WESTERN TRUNK COMPONENT WORLD BANK ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE REQUIREMENTS th Public consultation Shanghai Enterprises and Nov.10 , OD 4.30 and OP (Draft Academy of residents in the 2004 4.01 questionnaires) Environmental affected area Science th Information Shanghai Nov.10 , http://www.envir.gov.cn OP4.01 Disclosure (EA Academy of 2004 Draft Report) Environmental Science Public consultation Shanghai Residents in Dec. OD 4.30 and OP th (Revised Academy of the affected 28 ,2004 4.01 questionnaires) Environmental area and Science administrative staff in Duanjing Village Committee Public Meeting Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science Information Shanghai OP4.01 Disclosure (EA Academy of Revised Report) Environmental Science Public Meeting Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science 7.2. BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY The first public consultation was sent in November 2004, by sending questionnaire to the residents of Chaoyang village. The results of the survey indicated the following: - Existing situation: 80% of the people surveyed are satisfied with the air quality of the area, 72% are satisfied with the existing noise level, 64% of the people are not satisfied with the existing water quality. Therefore, the water pollution is considered as the major existing environmental problem of Bailonggang for 52% of the people surveyed, 20% concerned more about the noise pollution and 22% concerned more about the environmental sanitary problem. - Construction phase: The residents of Chaoyang located 1,500m away are mainly concerned about the dust and the noise impact created by the construction traffic. However, 76% have not express strong concerns as these impacts will be temporary. - Operation phase: 72% of the surveyed population think that the main impact of the operation of the sludge management facility will be the generation of fetid odours. However, 58% of the people believed that the implementation of the sludge management plant should reduce the impact from fetid odour which is currently produced by the WWTP site. 56% expressed their concern about the noise impact and 46% about the odour. People suggested that traffic management should be strengthened in order to mitigate the impact of the construction. Moreover, environmental specialists expressed their concerns regarding the final use of the treated sludge. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 77 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 34: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR BAILONGGANG SLUDGE MANAGEMENT COMPONENT WORLD BANK ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE REQUIREMENTS st th 1 public Shanghai Residents of Nov. 11 , Chaoyang Village OD 4.30 and OP consultation Academy of Chaoyang 2004 4.01 Environmental Village Science Information Shanghai All the citizens Nov. rd th http://www.envir.gov.cn OP4.01 Disclosure Academy of showing 3 ~Dec. 15 , Environmental interest 2004 Science Investigation and Shanghai Environmental Nov. 15th, Shanghai Academy of OD 4.30 and OP interview with Academy of specialists and 2004 Environmental Science 4.01 specialists Environmental administrative Science staffs nd rd 2 public Shanghai Residents of Dec. 23 , Chaoyang Village OD 4.30 and OP consultation Academy of Chaoyang 2004 4.01 Environmental Village Science SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 78 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT 8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 8.1. PROPOSED COMPONENTS & EIA DOCUMENTATION The project development objective is to facilitate the expansion wastewater services and sludge treatment and re-use in the Shanghai metropolitan area and thereby protect public health, improve the environment, and sustain the area’s rapid economic growth. The proposed project has three components: Western Trunk Sewer, the Bailonggang Sludge Management Facility and the Zhuyuan Sludge Management Facility. The details of these components are presented in the following table. TABLE 35: SUMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS Project components Contents of the project Installation of 24.45km of sewer pipe through three administrative areas including Putuo, Zhabei and Boashan. Upgrading One pumping station (Xincun road pumping station) Western Trunk Sewer and construction of three pumping stations (Zoumatang, Project Wenzaobang and Yueluo road) and installation of monitoring equipment Upgrading or Construction of main sewer and branches connection in the Boashan area Bailonggang Sludge Construction of a sludge treatment facility using anaerobic Management Facility digestion of a capacity of 400tDS/day Zhuyuan Sludge Construction of sludge treatment facility for Zhuyuan No.1 and No.2 WWTPs by anaerobic digestion with the capacity of Management Facility 309tDS/day Full EIA documentation in Chinese has been produced for the first two of these subcomponents defined above. EIA for the latter is currently being developed at the time of completion of this draft report. The previous chapters provide an extended and developed summary of the major aspects of these EIA reports. 8.2. IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES SUMMARY The Environmental Assessment anticipates the impacts from both construction works and operation. The main impacts and the associated mitigation measures are summarized in the following tables. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 79 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT TABLE 36: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 1 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE – Shanghai Waste Water Project Impacts on land use, WTS - Western Trunk Sewer Project will involve the Farmers: (A) work at a governmental business or Farmer contractors will be warned sufficiently in land acquisition and acquisition of 153,390m2 of land for the implementation of institutions, (B) governmental subsidiaries (lump sum in advance for them to find alternative jobs. resettlement the 24.45km sewer pipe and 39,080m2 of land for the one time) for relocation, (C) governmental pension for construction or the upgrade of the pumping stations elderly people. See Resettlement Action Plan. The relocation of farmers can improve their quality of life. Residents: (A) Relocation at nearby new town. (B) Construction of their own house on a given piece of land Ensure activities are carried out in pre-construction with funds obtained for compensation. (C) Obtain financial period in order to cope with project construction compensation for resettlement. schedule. Businesses: (A) Relocation accordingly to the town plan. (B) Financial compensation Actions will undertaken jointly by the Shanghai City Draining Company Ltd and Local Authority For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 and OP 4.20 WTS - Western trunk Sewer construction will use Financial compensation for lack of income due to Compensation fees (greater than loss) should be temporarily 222,215m2 including 175,688m2 for the disruption of farming activites. planned. construction of the western sewer pipe and 46,527m2 for the branch connection. The vegetable farming production See Resettlement Action Plan. Any need for temporary land outside project sites will be impacted and farmers’ income will decrease. will involve a procedure of approval by ESD prior to For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures land occupation. follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 and OP 4.20 BSMF - The Bailonggang Management Facility will be No mitigation required located at the WWTP and does not require any land acquisition General impacts from WST and BSMF - For the Western Trunk Sewer, Setting up of a strong organization for works Creation of the Environmental and Social construction activities construction of facilities will be distributed all over a densely environmental supervision and monitoring, with staff and Department inside project’s PMO and of the built urban area, with high risks of detrimental impacts clear operational procedures for rapid and effective Environmental and Social Unit inside the regarding nuisances and public safety if works do not cope treatment of non-compliance. Construction Supervision Engineer organization with international standards and good practices. Preparation of detailed environmental and social Environmental and Social field Inspectors provide specifications for the contractors, to be part of the bidding routine monitoring of activity. documentation. Contractor environmental obligations are part of the contract documentation. Payment procedures for environmental activities of the contractor follow an incentive approach. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 80 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Impacts from WTS - Large quantities of spoil will result from earthwork Spoil from sewage pipeline system will be reuse for 3 earthworks and spoil excavation. backfill as much as possible, and then only 70,000m will production, handling 3 be disposed in a landfill. and disposal About 164,000 m of excavation spoil is anticipated from project, mainly from the construction of the sewage pipeline A detailed construction program, including phasing, system. proposal for transport route and description of proposed disposal sites, will be required from the concerned About XXX of demolition wastes is anticipated. contractors prior to start the works. WST and BSMF - Dust and sediment discharge to canals Appropriate management of earthworks in accordance Most of technical measures described in the and rivers may occur from uncovered and unconsolidated with the contractor environmental specifications. This will Chinese regulation “Temporary regulation on materials during earthworks in dry season. include rules for piling, compacting and spraying spoil construction and environmental management of while waiting evacuation or reuse. Temporary storage of construction sites”. Dust from earth excavation and spoil transportation may earth piles will drain into sedimentation basin before affect surrounding vegetation and population. discharge of run-off to the river. The construction agency should comply with the Shanghai Management Method for the flying dust pollution prevention. WST and BSMF - Transport of material as earth fill, earth Washing station for trucks leaving construction sites to spoil, sand and gravel to or from site may affect urban limit mud transport in city roads, strict obligations areas crossed by the trucks if appropriate measures not regarding size of trucks, of load, necessary load cover, implemented, resulting in serious impacts on road traffic, routes and timing will be imposed to concerned public safety, air quality and noise. contractor. Impact from WST - Demolition material may contain hazardous material. The EPB should be informed prior to demolition of the hasardous wastes building or of any hazardous wastes and adequate During construction hazardous wastes may be measures should be taken before works continue. encountered. Impact from WST and BSMF - The construction will involve numerous The local sanitation bureau should be informed of the construction workers workers which will produce sanitary wastes and domestic work campsite in order to ensure quick collection of the wastes which may cause sanitation issues. wastes and construction workers should be made ware of good practice for waste handling. Impact of traffic WST - The route of the sewer crosses multiple roads, The Design institute must carry out a comparative farming lane and rivers. analysis to determine the route for which there is the less impact. The road traffic at the site and in the surroundings may be aggravated by road diversion or lane narrowing. Temporary road or bridges should be built. Works should be limited during rush hours and stock piles should be The farming lanes may be cut-off which will impact farmers removed promptly. work and stop crop production. Construction agency should inform navigation The fluvial traffic may be disrupted. administration agencies of the construction works and works should be sign posted and traffic should be coordinated with police. Impacts on air quality WTS - Impacts concern mainly the components located in Monitoring of construction sites to focus primarily in urban Compliance monitoring to be performed by and noise dense urban areas. Fumes and exhaust gas from trucks construction sites. Specifications regarding operation and Contractors, with random controls of EPB. and heavy machinery on construction sites may affect air maintenance of construction equipment and transport of quality, as well as dust from material transport by trucks and materials by truck. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 81 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS earthworks. WTS - Noise from heavy machinery, particularly along the Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Compliance monitoring to be performed by sewage pipelines and pumping stations construction. machinery and working period. Contractors, with random controls of EPB. Forbidding the use of certain works during night-time. Temporary fence should be used around construction sites. WTS - Traffic congestion resulting from sewage pipelines Public information and appropriate construction practices Use of internet site and poster campaigns to inform and pump stations construction may result in temporary and organization, with road signs and coordination with population on work schedule and location will help higher levels of pollutants (TSP, NOx, CO). traffic Police will minimize impacts and ease traffic during reducing traffic disruption or congestion. works. BSMF - Impact from construction site of Bailonggang is Adequate transportation timing (forbidden traffic from Construction works should be carried out considered low as surrounding receptors are located 11.00PM to 6.00AM) and route should be selected to accordingly with the “Shanghai Dust Pollution 1,500m away. However, impact from truck traffic is a minimize the impact from traffic. Prevention and Control Policy and method” concerned. Impacts on water WTS and BSMF - Impact of run-off water containing high Drainage water or pumped groundwater should be Compliance monitoring to be performed by quality SS and BOD and COD and nitrogen particles which may intercepted into a settling tank before discharge into water Contractors, with random controls of EPB. discharge in the environment. course or drainage network. Groundwater with high SS content encountered during Strict contractor environmental specifications regarding excavation works will be pumped and discharged in the the handling, storage or disposal of hazardous products drainage or water course. and of waste produced on the construction sites. Pollution hazard may also result from heavy operating Compliance monitoring of drainage water quality from machinery, from storage of potential pollutants as petrol or sites and enforcement of effluent standards. Management engine oils, from concrete production, from drainage of measures at work site oriented towards prevention of earth stock piles, from inappropriate disposal of used pollution or accidental spill. engine oils and locally generated waste (workshops, labor camps). Monitoring of river quality upstream and downstream construction sites. Impact on farming WTS - Temporarily occupied land will represent 222,150m2 Minimize disturbance of the structure of the ground during activities for the sewage pipelines construction. The quality and the construction. fertility of farmland may be impacted due to stockpile of construction material and compaction of the ground. Re-instatement of the farmland to its original condition and ensure farming productivity Addition of fertilizers if necessary. WTS - Uncontrolled drainage water from construction may Construction contractor should have a good knowledge of disperse into farmland and impact the soil fertility. topography and drainage system. WTS - Impact on irrigation systems and farmers income Construction plan should identify alternative water source due to excavation works for irrigation SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 82 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Impacts on public WTS and BSMF - If inappropriately managed, workforce Awareness training of all workers on environmental and ESD/ESU assist in training workers on health may create relational problems with surrounding residents. social issues. environmental basics and justification of mitigation measures. If inappropriately managed, labor camps may become the Strict obligations imposed to the contractor for the site of epidemic burst out among workers and spread to organization and the management of labor force and Contractor requested to have recruitment medical surrounding population. camps. check for each worker, and medical visit once a Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. Monitoring year. Availability of medicine in case of epidemic of labor camps and of worker health conditions by the will be requested at workers camps (dormitory or ESU and Department of Public Health. canteens). Impacts on on-site WTS and BSMF Occupational health and accident issues, Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. In this plan, Monitoring of construction sites by ESU. public safety resulting in serious wounds or death of workers. contractor will clearly define the safety procedures in case of accident on site, ensure that minimum first aid equipment is available on all sites and ensure availability and enforcement to wear PPE (personal protective equipment). WTS -Trench shoring collapse leading to damage to Correctly designed and tested temporary works structures adjoining property and endangering life of workforce. and operational procedures. On site checks on frequent basis. Access to deep open trenches with danger to public safety Open trenches to be kept to minimum and severely fenced, especially after working hours. Security guard employed to monitor safety issues. Impacts on off-site Risk is higher for components located in densely populated Strict clauses imposed to the contractor for the Monitoring by ESFIs. public safety areas. implementation of acceptable standards for the safety of residents surrounding construction sites: fencing, Increased traffic of trucks on some road sections may information to concerned residents, access to roads and increase risk of traffic accident. buildings, procedure if road accident. For network component, increase risk of traffic accident Detailed specifications on traffic regulation inside and because the alteration of the road traffic and risk for outside the construction area to be prepared. residents if excavation and works in the streets are not well isolated and protected from public area. Impact on public WTS - Interruption or damage of the public services The Design Institute should select a route for the sewer underground services (communication, power, water, etc..) due to construction which avoids underground services. If it is not possible, works. the relevant service department should be informed prior construction and mitigation measures should be taken. Impacts on loss of WTS - The western trunk project will demolish 930m2 of Two rows of trees should be replanted on both side of the green areas tree which will affect the surrounding environment and the sewer route and natural vegetation impacted by the landscape. construction should recover its original condition with time. Impacts on cultural WTS - No impact is anticipated on construction sites. Specific procedures if underground artifacts are identified heritage Possible presence of archaeological or historical artifacts during excavation works in coordination with ESU. under the future excavations. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 83 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT (TABLE XX CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 2 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION STAGE – Shanghai Wastewater Project Impact on the quality WTS - Construction of Western trunk Sewer will improve No mitigation measure required. of life the quality of life and surrounding environment by increasing inhabitants’ safety and promoting social and economical development.. Impact on waste WTS - The Western trunk sewer will improve the collection No mitigation required. water management and management of waste water in the northern area of Shanghai. BSMF - The sludge treatment facility will enable to achieve and promote better sludge management in the area of Shanghai Inhabitant safety WTS - The derelict part from existing sewer may affect An adequate management of the sewer should be inhabitant safety. Risk of collapsing. established to ensure the safety of the existing sewer. Impact on water WTS - The western sewer discharge waste water in the Compliance monitoring of effluents should be performed Random controls of effluent quality should be quality Shidongkou WWTP. The change of sewage characteristics by operators. performed by EPB. may impact the functioning of the WWTP and the discharge quality in the water course. Monitoring of water quality in river at discharge point by EPB. BSMF - After stabilization, the sludge will not be disposed in Monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality sludge lagoons and potential future leaching of within the sludge disposal lagoon area. contaminants should be reduced. Quality of the surrounding groundwater and surface water should be improved Impact on air quality WTS - Odorous pollutants will be produced in pumping Odour removal measures should be undertaken. Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by and odors stations. The odour assessment showed that the odour EPB. produced by the Xincun road pumping station may have an Planting of vegetation which has odour adsorbing impact on surrounding building. properties at the pumping station. The protective sanitary distance (40m) should be respected. Generally, pumping station should be constructed at least 5 m from residential housing and any development should be located at least 40m away any pumping station grid. BSMF - The cumulative odor and gas impact from the An adequate odour removal system should be utilized at Baillongang sludge treatment facility and the WWTP. the sludge treatment plant and the Design Institute should carry a comparative analysis to select the best odour removal system. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 84 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Impact of noise WTS - Noise assessment from pumping stations indicated Measures as soundproofing of the outer wall of the Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by that there are no impact from water pump, but may have an ventilation system, adequate location and tree planting EPB. impact if air ventilation system is used. around the pumping stations should be envisaged in order to noise level to meet the class II standard. BSMF - Forecasted night noise level at Bailonggang WWTP Low equipment noise should be used, building should be slightly exceeds required Class II standard for factory sound insulated and green belt around plant should be boundaries. There is no noise impact on the Chaoyang planted. village. Impact from WTS - The operation of the western sewer trunk may be Inform and train staff of potential risks. Design the accidental risks impacted by accidental risk such as accidental cracks and western trunk sewer to withstand risks. breakage of pipeline, natural disasters, noxious gas discharge, accidental power cut, and accidental discharge to storage tank. BSMF - Risk of explosion from methane produced from Training for staff, installation of an automatic control digestion. system and strict risk management procedures. Impact of sludge BSMF - Transportation to the landfill disposal site Sludge should be promptly moved away from the site and short term watertight transportation vehicle should be utilized. Transportation route should minimize impact of noise, dust and traffic. Impact of sludge long BSMF - Transportation to the disposal site Sludge should be promptly moved away from the site and term airtight transportation vehicle should be utilized. Transportation route should minimize impact of noise, dust and traffic. BSMF - Impact of the sludge on the receiving site Monitoring of the soil should be undertaken and if the soil Monitoring carried out by the EPB? results do not comply with the relevant standards, the groundwater, the drainage water quality of the receiving site should be monitored. Impact on waste WTS and BSMF - The quantity of solid and water waste The sanitation bureau should collect solid wastes and water and solid waste produced by the staff or process of the pumping stations or waste water can be re-circulated in the sewer / waste from operation staff the sludge treatment remain relatively small. The impact is water treatment plant. and process considered low if the waste adequately managed. SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 85 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT APPENDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 86 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL 2 DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES N° Title Author Date 1 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume1 – Main Report Ltd 2 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume 2 – Urban Wastewater Ltd Management Report 3 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume 3 – Urban Solid Waste Ltd Management Report 4 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume 4 – Urban Environment Ltd Improvement Report 5 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume 5 – Huangpu Environmental Ltd Management Report 6 Shanghai Urban Environment Project Appraisal Binnie Black & Veatch (Intn’l) March 2002 Report Volume 6 – Environmental Assessment Ltd Summary Report 7 Shanghai Urban Environment Project APL – Chreod Ltd., Co. December 2001 Note on Project Content and Structure 8 Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Project – E & E Inc. May 2003 Inception Report 9 Water Pollution Control and Management in The World Bank September 1999 Shanghai – the Huangpu River Basin as A Case Study 10 Water quality modelling for the Huangpu River DHI December 2002 system 11 Shanghai urban environment project Phase I – The World Bank May, 2003 Project appraisal document 12 Shanghai Municipal People’s Government Shanghai Municipal February, 2002 (letter) Government 13 Report of the outline of the tenth five-year plan Mayor of Shanghai Municipality February, 2001 for national economic and social development – Xu Kuangdi of Shanghai Municipality 14 Pre-feasibility study report of Bailonggang Shanghai Municipal July, 2003 Municipal wastewater treatment plant (phase Engineering Design & II), Shanghai Municipality Research Institute 15 Summary of the Comprehensive Plan of Shanghai Municipal May, 2001 Shanghai Government 16 Shanghai Municipality www.shanghai.gov.cn 17 The Shanghai Metropolitan Region: Chreod Ltd. August, 2003 Development Trends and Strategic Challenges, Interim Report 18 Expansion of the Private Sector in the Shanghai Seungho Lee May, 2003 Water Sector 19 Shanghai Metropolitan Region.ppt Chreod Ltd. December, 2003 20 Shanghai Framework Recommendation Chreod Ltd. December, 2003 21 Cultural Heritage Policy Permanent Committee Office, November, 2002 Shanghai People’s Congress 22 Shanghaj Wastewater Treatment System Plan Shanghai Water Authority December, 2001 23 Shanghai Water Supply Masterplan Shanghai Water Authority July, 2002 SOGREAH/G8 - LWN - REPORT N° 655055. R1 APPENDIX A PAGE 1 2003 – NOVEMBER SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL 2 DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES N° Title Author Date 24 Second Shanghai Sewerage Project Design The World Bank June, 1995 Review and Advisory Services---Appraisal Report-volume 2 ---Feasibility Report—Part Ⅰ- Main Report 25 Second Shanghai Sewerage Project Design December, 1995 Review and Advisory Services—Phase Ⅲ - The World Bank Interim Engineering Report 26 Feasibility Pre-study of Shanghai Bailonggang SMSC, SWEC, Shanghai November, 2003 & Zhuyuan Urban WWTPs Sludge Treatment & Municipal Project Design & Disposal Project Research Institute, Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute 27 Feasibility Pre-study of Changqiao Water Plant Shanghai Municipal Project November, 2003 800,000 m3/d Reconstruction Project Phase 1 Design & Research Institute 28 Feasibility Pre-study of West Trunk SMSC, SMPDRI November, 2003 Reconstruction Project 29 Feasibility Pre-study Report of Shanghai Water SMPDRI November, 2003 Supply Minhang Co. Ltd. No. 2 Water Plant Advanced Treatment Project (Draft) 30 Shanghai Water Supply Master Plan September, 1999 (Comments) 31 Promoting water sector development by Shanghai Water Asset November, 2003 attracting social capital inflow (by Liu Qiang) Operation Co.Ltd. 32 Turbidity Maximum in the Changjiang Estuary Shen Huanting, Pan Ding’an September, 2001 33 Material Flux of the Changjiang Estuary Shen Huanting et al. September, 2001 34 Shanghai Practical Atlas China Map Publishing House, March, 2003 China Cartology Society 35 Ecology: Concepts and Applications Manuel C. Molles August, 2000 36 Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Bruce E. Rittmann, Perry L. May, 2002 Applications McCarty 37 Integrated Solid Waste Management George Tchobanoglous, Hilary March, 2000 Theisen, Samuel Vigil 38 Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. January, 2003 (Fourth Edition) (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ) 39 Modelling Studies for SSPⅢ Preparation DHI Water & Environment March 7, 2002 40 Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Project—APL2 Ecology & Environment, Inc. March, 2004 Preparation: Draft Institutional Development Plan, including discussions of the related Market-Based-Instruments 41 Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Project—APL2 Ecology & Environment, Inc. March, 2004 Preparation: Review of Market Based Instruments for Municipal Solid Waste Service- Report and Recommendations 42 Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Project—APL2 Ecology & Environment, Inc. March, 2004 Preparation: Municipal Solid Waste Charging System Study - Report and Recommendations 43 Plan for implementing the development Master Shanghai Institute For March, 2004 Plan for the disposal of solid waste in Shanghai Design&Research In （Cn & En） Environmental Engineering 44 Comments and Recommendations for the SADAT Inc. May, 2004 Implementation Plan USTDA Grant 45 Shanghai Solid Waste MIS Project Conspectus Shanghai Environmental March, 2004 (Cn&En) Sanitation Engineering Design Institute 46 Pre-Feasibility Study On Sanitary Landfill Site Shanghai Environmental March, 2004 Engineering For Chongming County Household Sanitation Engineering Design Refuse (Cn & En) Institute SOGREAH/G8 - LWN - REPORT N° 655055. R1 APPENDIX A PAGE 2 2003 – NOVEMBER SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL 2 DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES N° Title Author Date 47 Pre-feasibility Study On Minhang Dump Closure Shanghai Environmental March, 2004 Engineering (Cn & En) Sanitation Engineering Design Institute 48 Feasibility Study On Shanghai Proper Shanghai Environmental March, 2004 Transfer Station & Transport Vehicle Sanitation Engineering Design Procurement (Cn & En) Institute 49 Pre-feasibility Study On Gucun Dump Shanghai Environmental February, 2004 Closure Engineering (Cn & En) Sanitation Engineering Design Institute 50 Pre-feasibility Study On Sanlin Dump Shanghai Environmental March, 2004 Closure Engineering Sanitation Engineering Design Institute 51 Back to Office Report: January 2002 Mission EASUR, the World Bank 29 January, 2002 52 Sludge Reduction Study VA Tech. Vienna University of April 25, 2000 Agriculture and Forestry 53 Specialized Master Plan of Shanghai Sludge SWA, SMSC, SMEDI, Tongji May,2004 Treatment University 54 TOR of EIA SAES Sept.2004 55 Plan on Laogang Solid Waste treatment Chengtou (UDIC) Dec.2004 industry park and Transferred system of container in inner river in City Area 56 Shanghai Water Supply Professional Plan SWPDI March 2004 Powerpoint Presentation FS: Vehicles procurement Project for Solid SAES 57 Waste Collecting and transportation in Pudong 58 FS: Minhang Water Treatment (with FA) SMEDI Sept.2004 59 FS: Zhongshan (w) Rd Old pipelines renovation SMEDI DEC.10,2004 60 FS: Huaxiang Rd Pumping Station Project SMEDI Oct.2004 61 FS: Sludge Treatment Project for Bailonggang SMEDI Dec.2004 (EN) 62 FS: West Trunk Renovation Project (EN) SMEDI Dec.2004 63 64 EA Bailonggang Sludge Treatment Project SAES / Jan.5,2005 Huadong Normal University 65 EA Huaxin Waste Water Networks SAES Jan.5,2005 66 EA West Trunk SAES Jan.5,2005 67 EA Chongming Solide Waste Treatment Site SAES Jan.5,2005 68 EA Gucun Dump Site Closure Project SAES Jan.5,2005 69 EA Minhang Dump Site Closure Project SAES Jan.5,2005 70 EA Sanlin Dump Site Closure&Removal Project SAES Jan.5,2005 71 EA Changqiao Water Plant Upgrading Project SAES Jan.5,2005 72 EA Minhang Water Co., Secondary Treatment SAES Jan.5,2005 Plant (CN) 73 EA Water Supply Pipeline Project of Xujing and SAES Jan.5,2005 Huaxin (EN) 74 RAP: Qingpu Network Extension(EN) Shinan water Co., Dec.20,2004 75 RAP : Bailonggang Sludge Treatment Project SMSC Sep.2004 76 RAP: Chongming WWTP Environmental Industry Management Nov.19,2004 Co., of UDIC 77 RAP: Minhang Water Minhang Water Co., / Bohong Nov.12,2004 78 RAP: Sanlin Dump Site Closure and Removal SCAESAB Nov.2004 79 RAP: West Trunk (draft) SMSC Sept.2004 80 SIA: Sanlin Dump Site Closure and Removal SCAESAB Dec.26,2004 Project 81 SIA: West Trunk Rennovation BO Hong Nov.19,2004 SOGREAH/G8 - LWN - REPORT N° 655055. R1 APPENDIX A PAGE 3 2003 – NOVEMBER SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT APPENDIX B SLUDGE QUALITY MEASUREMENTS SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 87 JANUARY 2005 CHARACTERISATION FOR SLUDGE FROM SHIDONGKOU, ZHUYUAN AND BAILONGGANG WWTPS 1. GENERAL In order to characterize sludge from the three large-scale municipal WWTPs in Shanghai; Shidongkou, Zhuyuan and Bailonggang, the sludge measurement work was undertaken by Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre with the commission of Shanghai Municipal Sewage Company (SMSC). Sludge from these three th th WWTPs was respectively sampled from Dec. 20 to 24 , 2004 and from Dec. 27th to 29th, 2004. And the leaching test, heavy metals measurement and bacteria measurement for all the samples was finished on Jan. 13th, 2005, as the official reports (No.WT2004-508-1 and No.WT2004-508-2) indicate. 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. LEACHING TEST TABLE 2-1: METHODOLOGY FOR LEACHING TEST Item Methodology basis Meters Hg (leachate) Method of Atomic Atomic Fluorescence spectrometer 3 Fluorescence As (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Cr6+(leachate) GB/T15555.4-19952 Spectrometer Total Cr (leachate) GB/T15555.5-19952 Spectrometer Cu (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Pb (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Zn (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Cd (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Ni (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Ba (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Be (leachate) USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer Fluoride (leachate) GB/T15555.11-19952 pH meter CN (leachate) GB7486-874 Spectrometer pH (leachate) GBT15555.12-19952 pH meter Note: 1. USEPA6010B-1996: Methods taken by Environment Protection Agency of United States; 2. GB/T15555.1~15555.12-1995: Measurement methods of Leaching Test for Solid Waste; 3. Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater (4th Edition), issued by National Environment Protection Bureau in 2002; 4. GB7486-87: Water quality--measurement of cyanide, Part I: Measurement of Total cyanide; 2.2. HEAVY METALS TABLE 2-2: METHODOLOGY FOR HEAVY METALS MEASUREMENT Item Methodology basis Meters Heavy metal (in soil, USEPA6010B-19961 Plasma emission spectrometer except Hg) Hg (in soil) Method of Atomic Atomic Fluorescence 2 Fluorescence spectrometer Note: 1. USEPA6010B-1996: Methods taken by Environment Protection Agency of United States; 2. Modern Analysis Method for Elements in Soil, China Environmental Monitoring Station, 1992 2.3. BACTERIA TABLE 2-3: METHODOLOGY FOR BACTERIA MEASUREMENT Item Methodology basis Meters Faecal coliform Monitoring and Analysis Stand pressure steam Methods for Water and sterilizer th Wastewater (4 Edition), Low temperature incubator issued by National Environment Protection Single-pan electronic balance Bureau in 2002 2.4. DEDUCTION OF DEGESTED SLUDGE QUALITY Since only dewatered sludge is presently available, in order to evaluate the sludge treated for land application, the quality of digested sludge is deduce by the product of the contents of dewatered sludge and the experiential value 1.25 for the further judgement, as is shown in all the following tables. 3. SLUDGE CHARACTERIZATION 3.1. LEACHING TEST According to the national standard--GB 5083.3-1996 Identification standard for hazardous wastes--Identification for extraction procedure toxicity, as shown in the following tables, sludge from none of the three WWTPs belongs to the hazardous waste. 3.1.1. SHIDONGKOU WWTP TABLE 3-1: RESULTS OF LEACHING TEST FOR SLUDGE FROM SHIDONGKOU WWTP Dewatered sludge Calculation Maximum Detection for digested allowable limit sludge concentra Samplin 12/20/ 12/21/ 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28/ 12/29/ Average (*1.25) tion* g date 2004 2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 2004 2004 Hg(µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 0.05 0.005 As(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 1.5 0.02 Cr6+ 0.055 0.005 0.02 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.03 0.016 0.020 0.024 1.5 0.004 (mg/l) TCr 0.126 0.013 0.046 0.054 0.012 0.011 0.063 0.034 0.045 0.056 10 0.004 (mg/l) Cu(mg/l) 0.116 0.01 0.031 0.048 0.007 0.006 0.051 0.025 0.037 0.046 50 0.001 Pb(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 3 0.01 Zn(mg/l) 1.08 0.072 0.276 0.416 0.047 0.04 0.405 0.219 0.319 0.399 50 0.001 Cd(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 0.3 0.001 Ni(mg/l) 0.031 0.016 0.023 0.016 0.023 0.016 0.029 0.02 0.022 0.027 10 0.01 Ba(mg/l) 0.06 0.007 0.048 0.032 0.011 0.01 0.049 0.025 0.030 0.038 100 0.001 Be(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 0.1 0.0002 Fluoride 0.65 0.56 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.91 0.54 0.63 0.79 50 0.05 (mg/l) Cyanide 0.037 0.016 0.008 0.006 0.007 0.008 / 0.013 0.012 0.015 1 0.004 (mg/l) pH 7.04 6.96 6.76 6.14 6.54 6.66 6.8 6.88 6.72 3.1.2. BAILONGGANG WWTP TABLE 3-2: RESULTS OF LEACHING TEST FOR SLUDGE FROM BAILONGGANG WWTP Dewatered sludge Calculation Maximum Detection for digested allowable limit sludge concentra Samplin 12/20/ 12/21/ 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28/ 12/29/ Average (*1.25) tion* g date 2004 2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 2004 2004 Hg(µg/l) 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.026 0.005 0.007 0.05 0.005 As(mg/l) 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.01 0.013 1.5 0.02 Cr6+ 0.005 0.009 0.009 0.006 0.002 0.004 0.011 0.002 0.006 0.008 1.5 0.004 (mg/l) TCr 0.011 0.019 0.021 0.014 0.006 0.008 0.021 0.006 0.013 0.017 10 0.004 (mg/l) Cu(mg/l) 0.010 0.016 0.025 0.014 0.003 0.004 0.022 0.004 0.012 0.015 50 0.001 Pb(mg/l) 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 3 0.01 Zn(mg/l) 0.063 0.120 0.163 0.102 0.043 0.171 0.198 0.031 0.111 0.139 50 0.001 Cd(mg/l) 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0005 0.0006 0.3 0.001 Ni(mg/l) 0.010 0.013 0.018 0.035 0.016 0.017 0.020 0.005 0.017 0.021 10 0.01 Ba(mg/l) 0.032 0.076 0.057 0.067 0.044 0.049 0.040 0.033 0.050 0.062 100 0.001 Be(mg/l) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0001 0.0001 0.1 0.0002 Fluoride 0.400 0.460 0.560 0.500 0.460 0.560 0.910 0.600 0.56 0.70 50 0.05 (mg/l) Cyanide 0.005 0.011 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.017 0.009 0.007 0.008 1 0.004 (mg/l) pH 6.440 6.210 6.350 6.640 6.410 6.560 6.760 6.630 6.50 3.1.3. ZHUYUAN WWTP TABLE 3-3: RESULTS OF LEACHING TEST FOR SLUDGE FROM ZHUYUAN WWTP Dewatered sludge Calculation Maximum Detection for digested allowable limit sludge concentra Samplin 12/20/ 12/21/ 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28/ 12/29/ Average (*1.25) tion* g date 2004 2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 2004 2004 Hg(µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.067 0.008 0.010 0.05 0.005 As(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 1.5 0.02 Cr6+ 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 ND 0.005 0.004 ND 0.004 0.004 1.5 0.004 (mg/l) TCr 0.011 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.006 0.01 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.012 10 0.004 (mg/l) Cu(mg/l) 0.008 0.005 0.011 0.015 0.006 0.018 0.015 0.01 0.011 0.014 50 0.001 Pb(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 3 0.01 Zn(mg/l) 0.046 0.014 0.038 0.057 0.029 0.357 0.093 0.062 0.087 0.109 50 0.001 Cd(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 0.3 0.001 Ni(mg/l) 0.036 0.058 0.148 0.093 0.042 0.071 0.03 0.066 0.068 0.085 10 0.01 Ba(mg/l) 0.048 0.044 0.05 0.041 0.043 0.072 0.044 0.05 0.049 0.061 100 0.001 Be(mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0 0 0.1 0.0002 Fluoride 0.37 0.41 0.6 0.63 0.58 0.73 0.67 0.6 0.57 0.72 50 0.05 (mg/l) Cyanide 0.012 0.007 0.006 / 0.005 0.018 ND 0.011 0.007 0.009 1 0.004 (mg/l) pH 6.74 6.67 6.68 6.5 6.48 6.64 6.74 6.62 6.63 3.2. HEAVY METALS According to the heavy metals measurement, the results are shown in the following tables. Presently there are two national standards applicable for the agricultural application of sludge in China, one is “Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural use” (GB4284-84), and the other is “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant” (GB18918-2002). However, the earlier standard (GB4284-84) is even more stringent as shown. And since the soil in Shanghai is slightly alkaline, the requirements for alkaline soil are followed here. 3.2.1. SHIDONGKOU WWTP TABLE 3-4: HEAVY METALS CONTENT OF SLUDGE FROM SHIDONGKOU WWTP Requirements for Calculation Dewatered sludge(mg/kg) alkaline soil (pH≥ for digested Detection 6.5) sludge limit Sampling 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28 12/29 (*1.25) GB GB18918-2 Average date /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 4284-84 002 Hg 3.98 1.8 3.91 3.2 5.01 4.86 3.63 3.15 3.69 4.62 15 15 0.0005 Cd 0.343 0.285 0.322 0.342 0.316 0.308 0.347 0.324 0.32 0.40 20 20 0.1 As 7.36 9.21 6.24 12.3 7.8 8.64 12.2 10.9 9.3 11.7 75 75 2 Pb 382 137 353 103 368 73.4 95.2 127 204.8 256.0 1000 1000 1 Cr 2638 1055 2383 2016 2724 2339 2706 2579 2305 2881 1000 1000 0.4 Ni 139 133 130 130 131 119 135 125 130 163 200* 200 1 Cu 990 456 903 811 909 770 923 857 827 1034 500* 1500 0.1 Zn 1996 1053 2120 2330 2219 2220 2211 2215 2046 2557 1000* 3000 0.1 Ti 1370 5721 1346 1893 1383 1501 1570 1911 2087 2609 0.2 Fe 9348 6785 8814 9079 8241 9160 9561 9227 8777 10971 0.4 Mn 866 254 860 798 833 778 861 862 764 955 0.1 Note: Co 9.36 7.12 8.72 9.35 9.08 9.42 11 10.3 9.29 11.62 0.2 Se ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 Mo 1.54 4.58 1.31 1.44 1.23 1.19 1.66 1.59 1.82 2.27 0.4 1. * refers to the temporarily recommended limit for the corresponding item as indicated in the standard of GB4284-84. 2. Meanings of different colors: Blue—Standard for standard; Green—Complying with both standards; Orange—Exceeding GB4284-84, but complying with GB18918-2002; Red—Exceeding both standards. 3.2.2. BAILONGGANG WWTP TABLE 3-5: HEAVY METALS CONTENT OF SLUDGE FROM BAILONGGANG WWTP Requirements for Calculation Dewatered sludge(mg/kg) alkaline soil (pH≥ for digested Detection 6.5) sludge limit Sampling 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28 12/29 (*1.25) GB GB18918-2 Average date /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 4284-84 002 Hg 3.87 3.27 4.25 3.41 3.24 1.26 3.25 2.55 3.14 3.92 15 15 0.0005 Cd 0.144 0.126 0.126 0.126 0.132 0.135 0.141 0.108 0.13 0.16 20 20 0.1 As 27 16.3 24.7 19.2 19.6 38.7 13.5 14.7 21.7 27.1 75 75 2 Pb 113 80.9 96.9 87.1 140 247 52.8 93.1 113.9 142.3 1000 1000 1 Cr 615 1373 518 485 510 338 547 263 581 726 1000 1000 0.4 Ni 80.6 258 78.4 84.2 79 83.2 73 73 101 126 200* 200 1 Cu 428 370 525 564 356 251 427 211 392 489 500* 1500 0.1 Zn 1822 1666 1708 1666 1648 1093 1837 1069 1564 1955 1000* 3000 0.1 Ti 6517 5718 6902 7109 6458 6501 4703 7001 6364 7955 0.2 Fe 7677 7947 7108 7078 7708 5086 8469 4905 6997 8747 0.4 Mn 252 249 233 213 241 215 257 236 237 296 0.1 Co 6.8 6.47 6.04 5.65 6.24 6.35 6.16 6.02 6.22 7.77 0.2 Se 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.00 1.25 2 Mo 5.12 4.39 4.45 4.11 4.07 4.12 4.06 4.79 4.39 5.49 0.4 Note: 1. * refers to the temporarily recommended limit for the corresponding item as indicated in the standard of GB4284-84. 2. Meanings of different colors: Blue—Standard for standard; Green—Complying with both standards; Orange—Exceeding GB4284-84, but complying with GB18918-2002. 3.2.3. ZHUYUAN WWTP TABLE 3-6: HEAVY METALS CONTENT OF SLUDGE FROM ZHUYUAN WWTP Requirements for Calculation alkaline soil (pH≥ Dewatered sludge(mg/kg) for digested 6.5) Detection sludge limit (*1.25) GB GB18918-2 Sampling 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28 12/29 Average 4284-84 002 date /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 Hg 3.35 2.67 3.26 1.42 2.87 2.36 4.28 2.46 2.83 3.54 15 15 0.0005 Cd 0.122 0.134 0.125 0.118 0.117 0.118 0.209 0.115 0.13 0.17 20 20 0.1 As 43.3 36.4 39.9 37.7 30.3 24.1 40.6 25.4 34.7 43.4 75 75 2 Pb 125 123 140 136 133 145 334 167 162.9 203.6 1000 1000 1 Cr 243 244 245 241 227 211 218 216 231 288 1000 1000 0.4 Ni 76.3 73.5 71.9 71.7 66.6 56.7 50.1 49.5 65 81 200* 200 1 Cu 407 403 427 400 386 306 288 280 362 453 500* 1500 0.1 Zn 1093 1100 1144 1161 1121 1043 1151 1048 1108 1385 1000* 3000 0.1 Ti 8526 8636 8569 7870 7672 6524 7321 6090 7651 9564 0.2 Fe 6341 6743 6425 6068 5907 5229 5078 4836 5828 7285 0.4 Mn 254 264 253 238 228 206 309 201 244 305 0.1 Co 10.1 11.1 9.94 9.29 8.85 6.92 6.79 6.33 8.67 10.83 0.2 Se ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 Mo 6.53 6.34 6.38 5.96 5.72 4.82 4.16 4.68 5.57 6.97 0.4 Note: 1. * refers to the temporarily recommended limit for the corresponding item as indicated in the standard of GB4284-84. 2. Meanings of different colours: Blue—Standard for standard; Green—Complying with both standards; Orange—Exceeding GB4284-84, but complying with GB18918-2002. 3.2.4. COMPARISON AMONG THREE WWTPS TABLE 3-7: COMPARISON OF HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN DIGESTED SLUDGE OF THREE WWTPS Bailonggang Shidongkou Zhuyuan Bailonggang Pilot Study (Oct.30-Nov.8) Hg 4.62 3.54 3.92 4.33 Cd 0.40 0.17 0.16 6.48 As 11.7 43.4 27.1 10.60 Pb 256.0 203.6 142.3 98.5 Cr 2881 288 726 775 Ni 163 81 126 244 Cu 1034 453 489 1801 Zn 2557 1385 1955 5553 From the above comparison, it is found that the wastewater from Shidongkou WWTP is more industrial compared with the other two plants, whose sludge is sent for incineration. However, compared with the measurement results for sludge from the pilot study in Bailonggang (Although its characteristics are different from the actual produced digested sludge), it is noticeable that the Zn and Cr contents in sludge from Bailonggang WWTP are also relatively high. 3.3. BIOLOGIC PARAMETER As for biologic parameter, only the group number of fecal coliform is measured for all the samples, which is summarised in the following table: TABLE 3-8: GROUP NUMBER OF FECAL COLIFORM IN SLUDGE SAMPLES 6 USEPA Part 503, Dewatered sludge(*10 /gDS) Biosolids Rule 12/20 12/21 12/22 12/23 12/24 12/27 12/28 12/29 Class A Class B WWTP Average /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 /2004 Sludge Sludge Shidongkou 0.014 0.008 0.002 0.094 0.063 0.13 0.24 0.25 0.100 Bailonggang 1.1 1.4 0.94 1.1 1 0.7 1.7 0.14 1.01 0.001 2 Zhuyuan 22 17 7.9 24 54 0.63 0.94 0.34 15.85 Since there is no national standard related to the amount of faecal coliform in sludge available, the standard of USEPA, Part 503 Biosolids Rule, is used here for comparison. Obviously the coliform concentration is higher in sludge from Zhuyuan WWTP, which might result from the fluctuation during Dec. 20th to 24th. 4. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, according to the measurement results, the sludge from Shidongkou, Bailonggang and Zhuyuan is non-hazardous in terms of Chinese national standard. And according to the existing national standard for the agricultural application of sludge, it is feasible for the land application. However, it is noticeable the Zn and Cr contents in sludge from Bailonggang WWTP is relatively higher than that of others; While the pathogen concentration in Zhuyuan WWTP should be closely observed. SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT APPENDIX C BAILONGANG SLUDGE TREATMENT PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 88 JANUARY 2005 SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT WASTE WATER SECTOR REPORT APPENDIX D WESTERN INTERCEPTOR PROJECT – PHOTO PLATES SOGREAH –CMY/HGX – 655055.R3.3 – DRAFT PAGE 89 JANUARY 2005