58643
VOLUME 61 NUMBER 1 • JANUARY 1987
Everyone Is Reading The Bank's World on Its Fifth Anniversary!
VOL 6 I NO 1 JANUARY 1987
In this issue: A essage
r. Co a Ie
2 AMlssall froll Mr. Clnabll on
The Bank's World's fifth
anniversary. rom
Articles
3 On wHh IDA·8. An interview with
Moeen Qureshi, who chaired the IDA Barber B. Conable
negotiations and explains how they
were conducted and what they ive years ago The Bank's World was inaugurated with an upbeat message from
mean for the Association. former Bank President Clausen about the desirability of better internal
S FIHld out for the Fulllre. The J communications so that Bank staff could be well informed as "ambassadors to
building opened on schedule. the outside world." This introductory article was full of words like "challenge"
Pioneer tenants move into the first and "opportunity." On the fifth anniversary of The Bank's World, it is difficult
Bank-owned structure custom made to resist the temptation to rephrase the same kind of message.
for the computer age.
The readers of this magazine have had a good deal of this sort of exhortation
8 Maklnl thl World Safl for in the interim. Most of you know that you are needed, that the work you do is
Motherhood. Barbara Herz and important, and that teamwork enhances our skill and depends on good
Anthony Measham talk about
women in the developing world and communications. By now The Bank's World has become an accepted instrument
the issues to be discussed at a of internal communication, part of the matrix in which we work and form our
conference next month in Nairobi, attitudes and test our views.
Kenya, where Mr. Conable will speak Has The Bank's World done itsjob well? Ultimately, only its readers can
at the opening session. answer. Management supports it and contributes regularly to its pages. There is
15 Wh, Headquarters Asks for All occasional evidence of feedback from readers but little demonstration ofreper-
That Inforllatlon. Local staff from cussion beyond the primary constituency-staff members themselves. I under-
Resident Missions in many parts of stand it doesn't frequently get into the hands of the families of staff, a regrettable
Asia get together at an accounting
seminar to learn from Headquarters omission because it has a potential for building a sense of community among
and from each other. people who might feel isolated being far away from their native lands.
Considering the impact the World Bank has in many parts of the world, even
17 Thl Twlill Da,s of Chrlstllas
were never like this. Staff of the East wider dissemination might bring a greater reverberation, but it would be at the
Asia and Pacific Regional Office expense of internal credibility which must be the primary justification of such a
rewrote this carol and put on a publication. It really should remain an internal document.
hilarious holiday show. The Bank's World has, during the past five years, conducted two reader surveys,
23 Indll to Stories. A list of articles and lately has established reader panels to explore its own relevance. That's all
published in the 1986 issues of The very professional and institutionally self-conscious, but the real test is the
Bank's World. willingness of the readers to come forward with their contributions and their
criticisms without waiting to be asked. I have always believed it was not art unless
Departments it communicates, not a book unless it is read, nor can this be a tool for staff
communication unless staff accepts it, molds it and makes it an important
11 On thl Rlconl: Ibrahim F.I. Shihata instrument of constructive dialogue.
on The World Bank and the Energy
Sector in Developing countries; The Bank's World is a useful document. Its editors have worked hard to make
Hilary P. Reddy on The Bretton it interesting and informative, and much credit is due them. Thanks to them, the
Woods Institutions and the Bank's staff, whatever their area of concentration, see how their work fits into
International Banking Community. the broader pat~ern of the Bank's purpose, and how policies are generated.
11 Around till aank Knowing what happens in other departments makes your own work take on a
universal significance. Personal stories about co-workers builds organizational
20 Staff Changls
spirit. None of us should work alone. In five years, in short, The Bank's World
24 Ans.lrUna has achieved institutional maturity.
24 As WI 10 II Prell I am confident that with growing participation and with an increasingly
creative mandate, The Bank's World can become an even more significant part
COVER: The Bank's Worldis five years
old. of the institution's system of stimulus and response, like the body's nervous
Design by Bill Fraser system, to help us function as we should in a world that needs us. II
Interview with Moeen Qureshi
On with IDA-8
by Ellen Tillier
oeen Qureshi, Senior Vice Presi- IDA credits today are much more con-
dent, Finance, chaired the IDA-8 cessional than they used to be.
negotiations, which were concluded at But the main reason these donors
the fifth and final meeting of the Dep- wished to harden terms was because
uties from the 31 donor countries in they felt it would permit a faster recy-
Rome last month. To find out more cling of funds to IDA, making more
about how these negotiations were resources available in the future to the
conducted and what they mean for poorest IDA recipients.
IDA, The Bank's World talked to Mr.
Qureshi. Q. Can you sum up how these terms
have changed?
Q. The big question on everyone's mind
was the size of IDA-8. Isn't a replenish- A. The final maturity of IDA credits
ment of $12.4 billion---a figure at the will be reduced from 50 yearsto 40
top of the negotiating range-more years for the least-developed IDA re-
than was initiaUy expected? cipients, that is, those countries de-
A. Yes, a $12.4 billion replenishment is fined by the U.N. as least developed, Moeen A. Qureshi Photo by Giuseppe Franchini
more than we expected, at least during plus any of the poorest countries
the later stages of the negotiations. which are "IDA only" countries-and Q. Were many donors opposed to the
We began with a negotiating range of to 35 years for the others. The grace hardening of terms?
$10.5 billion to $12.5 billion, but to- period remains the same-l 0 years for
all IDA credits. But a new provision A. A fair number did oppose this
wards the latter part, we decided that change because they felt that, in the
$12 billion was a realistic target, will be added to credit agreements to
enable the Association to adjust these present world environment, particu-
which, of course, was exceeded. larly where the poorest countries are
terms based on improvements in the
country's economy. The aim here is to suffering because of external factors, a
Q. What were some of the main issues hardening of terms would be a wrong
involved in these negotiations? recapture a larger amount ofreflows
from those improved countries that signal to give. This was a major hur-
A. Several major issues came up, and are able to repay some of these credits dle to cross and a compromise was
in many respects, IDA-8 marks an more quickly than stipulated when the reached.
important point of departure as to commitment was made. In the past, Q. How are IDA-8 resources to be
some of the policies to be followed countries like Korea and Colombia allocated?
during the Eighth Replenishment [the borrowed from IDA but are no longer
three-year period from FY88 through eligible because their per capita in- A. This was another key issue. To
FY90]. Most important, of course, is comes are much too high. They are what extent should resources continue
the change in terms. As you know, repaying their IDA credits according to be provided to some of the tradi-
IDA terms will be hardened because to the original terms-a 50-year final tional IDA recipients, namely India
many donors pointed out that the con- maturity, a lO-year grace period, and and some Asian countries, and to
cessionality ofIDA terms, when it was so on. In the future, the new provision what extent should they be increasing-
conceived in 1961, was less than it is will allow IDA to adjust these terms ly directed to Africa? Most donors
now. Since then, the global financial when per capita considerations sug- were in favor of making a special ef-
environment has changed dramatical- gest that an appropriate modification fort to help alleviate the problems of
ly. Interest rates have risen, so that of IDA terms is desirable. Sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 3
'The broad-based effort that was made
demonstrates that the donor community recognizes the crucial role
of IDA as an instrument to help alleviate poverty
in the poorest cou ntries.' -Qureshi
serious development crisis. According But, in addition, countries made spe- no power to change IDA's policies,
to the IDA-8 agreement, every effort cial contributions of about $900 mil- allocations or terms. Remember that
will be made to allocate up to 50% of lion. Because the countries did not the idea of the IDA Deputies group
the resources available under IDA-8 wish to make these changes perma- was devised in the early years of the
to Africa, provided adjustment pro- nent in the burden-sharing arrange- Association to help the donors reach
grams warrant this level of IDA sup- ment, they agreed to make special vol- an agreement on size and the policies
port. In any event, the donors have untary contributions-separate from to be followed for the use of funds
indicated that resources for Africa the $11.5 billion-to bring the total from the replenishment. Originally,
should not fall below 45%. As for the amount to $12.4 billion. While the IBRD's management-Mr. Black
major blend countries, it was felt that U.S. share of the total amount has [former Bank President Eugene R.
the nominal amount of resources gone down and Japan's has increased, Black]-was requested by some of the
should not be reduced and that, to the their percentages in the basic replen- key donor governments to administer
extent consistent with other objec- ishment have remained constant. IDA's funds, and he accepted this re-
tives, about 30% of IDA funds should sponsibility. Later, it was found that a
go to the major blend countries-that Q. Which countries made these special better way of getting the donors to
is, India and China. contributions? agree on a replenishment would be for
A. Japan will be contributing $450 them to meet by themselves, under the
Q. Is emphasis on economic perfor- million, the Netherlands $125 million chairmanship of a senior member of
mance part of the overall agreement?
and Italy about $90 million. Germany IDA's management. So all basic deci-
A. Yes, the emphasis to be given to and the United Kingdom will also sions made by the Deputies are in the
performance was another main issue contribute. Switzerland will provide form of recommendations to the
the Deputies discussed, particularly, $165 million equivalent in the form of Board of Directors, which includes the
as I've mentioned, the extent to which an untied grant, based on a bilateral recipients of IDA funds, not only do-
IDA credits should be related to ad- agreement between it and the Associa- nors. The Board must approve the
justment programs IDA would sup- tion. agreement.
port, especially in Africa. There was Q. Do these special contributions have Q. How was the purpose of IDA per-
also the related question of the extent anything in common with the Special
ceived during the negotiations?
to which IDA resources would be used Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa?
in conjunction with the IMF Structur- A. What is most satisfying about these
al Adjustment Facility. AU these key A. Keep in mind that the Africa Facili-
negotiations is to see how most donor
issues were controversial and generat- ty will end as a distinct funding source
countries look at IDA as an extremely
ed a lot of discussion before a consen- in FY88, but its objectives will be
effective instrument of international
sus was reached. pursued through the basic IDA re-
development and cooperation, and as
plenishment. Africa will receive a
Q. What about the burden-sharing ar- a key channel for helping the poorest
larger share of IDA-8 funds than of
rangement? countries. These negotiations began
IDA-7, and an increased share of
with very divergent opinions on the
A. An agreement was reached on a IDA-8 will be used for adjustment
issue of size. As I mentioned, we began
basic replenishment of $11.5 billion, support. But the special contributions with a negotiating range of$10.5 bil-
which, apart from slight modifica- themselves are not separately ear-
lion to $12.5 billion. Actually, most
tions, followed the IDA-7 burden- marked for certain regions or types of
donors want as large an IDA as pos-
sharing structure. In the basic replen- lending.
sible, but the budgetary constraints of
ishment, the United States maintains Q. What is the relationship between the recent years have become a fact oflife
a 25% share, and Japan 18.7%. IDA Deputies and the Bank's Board? in their countries and limit their ability
France, Canada and Italy increased to commit themselves to a large re-
their shares significantly, and the A. All decisions on IDA policies, as plenishment. In the earlier stages of
Nordic countries, the Netherlands, well as allocation of resources must be the negotiations, even obtaining an
Spain, Austria, New Zealand and Ko- made by the Board of Directors of the amount above IDA-7-$9 billion plus
rea also agreed to take larger shares. Association. The IDA Deputies have the $1.5 billion for the African Facili-
4 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
ty, making a total of$10.5 billion- contributing $450 million over their ing the other donors that IDA should
looked like a major endeavor. In the IS.7% share. This provided the stim- move in certain policy directions. Fi-
earlier stages, the Nordic countries ulus and incentive for other countries nally, we have in our President, Mr.
pressed for as large an IDA as could to increase their contributions to the Conable, someone who is recognized
be managed, while some major donors replenishment. The broad-based ef- as having been one of the most distin-
favored a more modest size, which fort that was made demonstrates that guished personalities in the House of
they considered to be a more realistic the donor community recognizes the Representatives, someone who knows
approach given the budget constraints crucial role of IDA as an instrument the Congress well. I believe he will be
in their countries. to help alleviate poverty in the poorest able to explain the purposes for which
countries. the funds will be used-purposes that
Q. How did the other countries react?
are very laudable and in the broader
Q. In light of the current shortfall in interest of the U .S.
A. The U.S. played a key role in the U.S. appropriations for IDA-7, what is
latter stages of the negotiations, first the outlook for obtaining Congressional Q. How do you see the future of IDA?
by agreeing to a basic replenishment approval for IDA-8?
of $11 .5 billion, and second, by releas- A. There is no question that without a
ing a part of its share capital in IBRD A. As you know, the budgetary con-
substantial amount of concessional re-
to other donors who wanted to in- straints in the U.S. are perhaps more
sources, the World Bank group of in-
crease their shares in IBRD and were severe than in almost any other large
stitutions would not be able to serve
prepared to raise their contributions to industrialized country, so I certainly an important constituency-the many
IDA for this privilege. Fairly early, foresee some problems. On the other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and
Japan had taken the position that it hand, keep in mind that, although parts of Asia and elsewhere that can-
would not maintain its IDA-7 share in we've had problems in the legislation not afford IBRD loans. In that sense,
IDA-S until it had obtained an in- of IDA funds in the past, the U.S. has IDA is of fundamental importance in
crease in its share in IBRD. Japan's always met its commitments. The U.S. ensuring that we have a global instru-
position was based on the view that record is really very good. If you go ment to enable the World Bank group
IS.7% was too large a share relative to back over the last 15 to 20 years, there to be, indeed, a global institution to
its economic weight and other criteria have been delays, and there have been meet the challenges of poverty and
used for the purpose of determining times when it looked like the IDA development.
burden-sharing. But when the U.S. funds were in peril, but, in the final On the other hand, I fear it will
agreed to give up some of its share analysis, the funds always came become more and more difficult to
capital to Japan and to other countries through. mobilize concessional resources in
willing to increase their contributions Q. So you believe Congress will give its amounts as large as those of the
to IDA, we were able to gain agree- blessing to the IDA appropriation? Eighth Replenishment. The budgetary
ment on raising the size ofIDA's re- problems in most donor countries are
sources above the earlier goal of$10.5 A. My feeling is that, for a number of not getting any easier, and, in order to
billion. reasons, the chances that the Congress help IDA, we should continue to move
Later, as I said, it became clear that will appropriate the funds that have in the policy direction introduced in
Italy, the Netherlands and Canada been committed are good. First, the IDA-S. More emphasis on perfor-
also wanted to improve their positions U.S. share of25 % , which adds up to mance, closer linkages to policy-based
in IBRD and were willing to increase about $2.S75 billion, is in the basic lending, a greater share of resources
their contributions to IDA for this IDA replenishment. This means that to be devoted to the least-developed
purpose. An agreement has been the U.S. has leveraged its contribution countries are some of the main areas
reached whereby the U.S. will release by giving up part of its IBRD share where I believe we must continue to
2% of total share capital to be made capital. The second point is that some focus so that IDA can continue to be
available to Japan, Italy and Canada. of the changes in IDA were strongly an attractive instrument from the do-
The additional shares for the Nether- suggested and supported by the U.S. nors' standpoint. We must consider
lands will not come from the U.S. but The U.S. was certainly the leading that, with various types of regional
from shares to be released by other donor to press for a hardening of organizations and instruments in
members of the Bank as they become IDA's terms, for greater emphasis on place, and with more emphasis on bi-
available. Arrangements will have to performance and on policy-related lateral aid, more funds could be di-
be made to make sure that a country, lending, and for working in conjunc- verted away from IDA. I believe we
such as India, preserves its ranking tion with the Fund's Structural Ad- must find creative ways for IDA to
after these IDA-linked changes in justment Facility. All these policies work more closely with these regional
IBRD are made. have been incorporated into the and bilateral instruments so that the
I also want to take particular note Eighth Replenishment so that the U.S. cause of development can be better
of the leadership role Japan played by has been quite successful in persuad- served. III
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 5
Building
First Tenants Move to J I
l F-U dot for he F tu e
by Barbara Moldauer
building is open.
T he OnJ
November 24, Michael
Wiehen, Director of the Eastern and
Southern Africa Region's Country
Programs Department II, and his
staff, led the migration to the Bank's
new quarters. Four years ago, as a
member of the South Asia Region, he
was also one of the first tenants of the
H building.
Although not quite completed-for
instance, you can't yet get in through
the front entrance-the J building
opened for business on schedule and
within budget. Built according to the
concept that the workplace should be
a flexible environment shaped by peo-
ple and what they do-not a static
series of offices-the J is the first
Bank-owned building designed for
people working in the computer age.
Mr. Wiehen admires the new struc-
ture. "It's a good design," he says.
"Even where square footage is less,
there is more usable space."
Several Design Features
Several design features save on
maintenance costs. The combination
of large expanses of column-free space
and raised floors produces a feeling of
openness and hides unsightly wires. It
permits reconfiguration of space with-
out expensive remodeling, repainting
and rewiring.
The ceilings and floors are grids
with interchangeable squares. Moving
a light or ventilation outlet in the ceil-
ing is a simple matter of exchanging
one square for another-also for mov-
ing an electrical or telecommunication
outlet in the floor. Looking up through the atrium. Photos by Will iam Spidl e
Ralph Blackwell, ITF's Assistant
Director for Facilities Services, likens
the effect to a popular toy. "I think of inconvenience and cuts costs by en- vice fees," says Harinder Kohli, Direc-
it as the 'Lego' concept," he says, abling staff to keep the same numbers tor, Information, Technology and Fa-
"easy to take apart and put together when they change offices. "It will be cilities Department (lTF). "When the
again." about a third less expensive, with most system is extended to the institution as
The telephone system also reduces of the savings in maintenance and ser- a whole, as it will be, the savings will
6 THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987
Michael H. Wlehen, Director, Eastern and Southern Africa Country Richard B. Westin, Economist, Southern Africa Division,
Programs Department II, tries his new phone. Eastern and Southern Africa Country Programs Department I,
working amid unpacked boxes.
amount to $2 million per year."
Perhaps most striking to the first-
time visitor to the J building is the
interplay of natural light-from win-
dows, atriums, and skylights-which
halves the need for artificial lighting,
even though the eastern wall is flush
against the building next door. Some
offices on the higher floors have spec-
tacular views of the White House, and
other Washington landmarks.
First Tenants
The first tenants from the Eastern
and Southern Africa Region had ex-
pected to move the second week of Belen Coronado-Garcia, Staff Assistant, Southern Agriculture Division, Eastern and Southern
December. "Then rTF asked if we'd Africa Projects Department, settles Into her new office.
be willing to advance the date by two
weeks," Mr. Wiehen says. "For many arrangements were really first class," Although an entire story-the J
of us, it would have been more con- he says. "Roving teams solved prob- building has only II floors instead of
venient to wait. But we recognized it lems on the spot and removed boxes the standard 12 for this part of the
was in the larger interest to compress as we unpacked. That made it possible District-had to be sacrificed to in-
the time frame, so we agreed. My staff to turn our new space into workable troduce the wiring capability and the
were real troupers." offices within hours. Within a day, we maintenance savings that go with it,
Mr. Wiehen also credits rTF with were working productively and deal- the building will nevertheless be able
thoughtful planning, and the move for ing with the issues. It was as easy a to accommodate more than 1,200
his department went smoothly. "The move as one could make it." staff. III
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 7
Barbara Herz and Anthony Measham
Discuss Upcoming Nairobi Conference
, ak 9 I e War d Safe for Mol e hood
by Leandro V. Coronel
he Safe Motherhood Conference, ANTHONY MEASHAM: We see dren's health , particularly through im-
to be held in Nairobi, Kenya, Feb- four main reasons. First, the poor gen- munization and oral rehydration ther-
ruary 10 to 13, is an important confer- eral health and nutritional status of apy, than to carry a pregnancy to a
ence where breakthroughs may be women in developing countries. Sec- healthy outcome.
achieved to enhance the quality oflife ond, their high fertility-too many
for women in the developing world. pregnancies, often too closely spaced. Q: What can be done about this?
Bank President Barber Conable will Third, a lack of good community-lev- AM: First, technology is available at
address the conference's opening ses- el care during their pregnancies. And affordable cost that can make a sub-
sion. To find out more about the con- finally, a lack of back-up care for stantial difference. By "substantial
ference and the status of women in complications and emergencies. difference," we mean the possibility of
development, The Bank's World talked reducing maternal mortality by half
with Barbara Herz, Adviser on Wom- Q: Why has such an obvious major
problem been neglected? over a decade or so, provided the fol-
en in Development, Projects Policy lowing three goals are met. First, at
Department, and Anthony Measham, BH: Primarily for two reasons. One is the community level, adequate prena-
Health Adviser, Population, Health the general disadvantage that women tal, delivery and postnatal care, and
and Nutrition Department. face in many societies. If women have family planning. Second, a referral
Q: It's finally been acknowledged in the difficulty claiming resources, they system for high-risk pregnancies,
last few years that women playa signi- can't fight effectively to draw atten- complications of pregnancy and clini-
ficant and productive role in develop- tion to their own health problems. In cal methods of family planning. And
ment. Yet statistics show they receive fact, if they are really poor and unedu- third, a transportation and communi-
very few benefits of economic growth in cated, they may even be reluctant to cations system to link those two levels.
their countries. Why? press for more attention to them- We believe aU three elements are nec-
selves. Second, it is easier to deal with essary in a system to make a differ-
BARBARA HERZ: Even though some of the problems affecting chil- ence.
women work very hard, they often
lack the education or information and Barbara Herz Anthony Measham Photos by William Spidle
resources to work as productively as
they'd like. Thus their reSUlting wage
rates or incomes in kind are fairly
limited. Also, women often lack con-
trol over their own lives, and, even if
they produce crops or whatever for
sale, they may not always determine
how their income will be used. This
issue of control carries over into other
activities such as access to education
and health care.
Q: Why is there such a high rate of
death and disease among mothers in the
developing world?
8 THE BANK 'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
At the community level two sets of countries face the risk of death 50 to Q: What does the Safe Motherhood
actions are needed. The first is to iden- 100 times more than women do in the Conference expect to accomplish?
tify pregnancies and decide which of developed world. But it's not simply a
them are high-risk and need to be question of bare survival. It's a ques- BH: We hope it will launch a real
referred to a health facility that can tion of a healthy reproductive cycle. action initiative to encourage more
provide the additional care they re- One could start by encouraging teen- effective attention to maternal health
quire. A second need is good prenatal agers to wait until they are fully grown on the part of governments, their lead-
care- attention to nutrition, to treat- and better able to care for children. ers and their ministers of health, or
ing anemia, malaria and similar con- Then there would be fewer 14- and 15- other ministers who can contribute,
ditions, as well as a clean delivery and year-olds having babies before they for example, to education. We hope it
careful attention to the mother's con- are physically, emotionally, and eco- will involve non-governmental organi-
dition after delivery. At the referral nomically able to take care of their zations, community leaders, women
level, capacity to provide blood trans- kids. And then, when a woman is in and their husbands, and their children
fusions when needed and to provide her twenties or early thirties, she can and other family members as well.
ceasarean section operations for wom- space her pregnancies so that she and AM: We're talking about making
en who cannot deliver vaginally. And the children get off to a healthy start. childbearing safer through improved
finally, the transportation and com- And then as she ages, she can weigh maternal care services and improved
munications capability, which is ex- the pros and cons of further pregnan- family planning services. There are
tremely difficult to put in place. But cies. One difficulty is women don't two main goals: the first is to increase
without these links, mothers with high have the information to permit full awareness of the problem and what
risk or complicated pregnancies will understanding of the real risks. And, can be done about it by both develop-
continue to die. of course, many women lack the ca- ing country and donor agency offi-
pacity or power to do much about cials. And second, to catalyze more
Q: How did the idea for the Safe Moth- those risks if they have no access to
erhood Conference come up? action by both developing countries
health care or family planning. and donors.
AM: After much discussion of this
AM: By comparison, of every 100,000
problem with colleagues in developing
African women taking contraceptive Q: How are you going to accomplish
countries and in other donor agencies,
pills, perhaps one dies every year. So that?
Mrs. Herz and I suggested an interna-
there is an enormous misperception of
tional conference, at a meeting at the
what the real risks are. People are AM: As far as the Bank is concerned,
Population Council in New York last
worried about possible hazards of its main contribution in this area, as in
February. We were surprised at the
contraceptives, for example, but they others, will be through its lending, and
enthusiasm the idea produced.
don't seem to worry as much about we expect that Bank lending for this
BH: We think we have the makings of the enormous and recurring risks of purpose will increase substantially af-
an initiative here: we have a problem childbearing. This is a problem that ter the Nairobi conference. In addi-
that affects a great many people and deserves attention because it affects tion, we hope safe motherhood will
is of concern to even more. We have not only women-500,000 of whom receive more priority from developing
the capacity to deal with the problem die every year, 99% of them in the country governments. Further, we
effectively and at low cost-not to Third World-it also affects their fam- hope more operational research will
wipe it out but to improve the situa- ilies. The infants and young children be conducted after Nairobi to fill crit-
tion substantially. of those mothers often don't survive ical knowledge gaps.
either. The family is left without a
Q: What do you mean by safe mother- mother at the height of her responsi- Q: Who are the sponsors of the confer-
hood? bility for her family, and at the height ence?
BH: In the first instance, we mean of her productivity. AM: The sponsors are the World
surviving the pregnancy. Nearly ev- Q: But this problem isn't limited to Health Organisation [WHO], the
eryone in the Third World wants to Africa, is it? United Nations Fund for Population
have a family and for women, this Activities [UNFPA] and the Bank, in
should be a normal, healthy, joyful BH: No, but it's worse in Africa and association with a number of other
part of life. But of 100,000 women in South Asia. Statistics show that of agencies such as the United Nations
having children in Africa, South Asia, the 500,000 maternal deaths every Development Programme [UNDP],
or other poor areas, anywhere from year, 6,000 are in the developed world; the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller
600 to 1,000 may die. In a developed of the remainder, about 300,000, are in Foundation, the Carnegie Corpora-
country, it's fewer than 10 out of South Asia and 150,000 in Africa, ac- tion, the Population Council, the In-
100,000. Women in many African counting for over 80%. ternational Planned Parenthood Fed-
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 9
eration, the United States Agency for other aspects of development. Unfor- Q: What after Nairobi?
International Development, and the tunately, the poorest people who are
Swedish International Development least able to pay also live in countries BH: We expect the developing coun-
Agency. The Government of Kenya is where the governments can least af- tries will formulate ways to build
hosting the conference. ford to provide these services. But we stronger maternal health care, includ-
believe that by mobilizing communi- ing family planning, into their primary
Q: Why is the Bank taking the lead in ties to understand the benefits of health care systems. This will result in
organizing this conference? things like this for families, they them- increasing requests to the donor com-
selves will find ways, not necessarily to munity, including the Bank.
AM: There are three reasons: It's a pay cash for services, but to contri-
major, neglected problem; it's a big AM: The Bank is contributing a stra-
bute. For example, all of us who know tegy paper to the conference, which we
problem for Bank member countries, the Third World have seen communi-
particularly high-priority countries- hope will be the basis for debate and
ties that build clinics or help support extensive discussions as to the "how"
in Sub-Saharan Africa and South health care workers by providing
Asia; and we sense that countries and of making motherhood safer.
food, transport or some other re-
other donor agencies are ready to do sources. So we think that people will
more in this area. Q: How has the Bank helped countries
be willing to pitch in and help.
promote good health practices, particu-
BH: Safe motherhood is an idea whose Q: What about the donor community? larly maternal health?
time has come. The problem affects a
lot of people, and something can be AM: We' re delighted at the strong AM: Generally, through its support in
done about it. We've looked at the cost interest expressed by the whole donor the education sector, in water and san-
of basic and maternal health care, in- community. WHO, UNFPA and itation, and for overall development.
cluding family planning, and we think UNDP are enthusiastically pressing Specifically, the Bank's efforts have
that the cost can be cut to about $2 per for more action in this area. We're concentrated on Population, Health
capita per year out of total health hopeful that bilateral organizations and Nutrition [PHN] projects aimed
expenditures in low-income develop- will substantially increase the amount at strengthening maternal health and
ing countries of about $9 per capita. of money they're allocating for safe family planning services. On average,
Some countries will not be able to motherhood initiatives. We intend to PHN projects devote about one-fifth
afford to do that much. But it does explore that before, during and be- of the loan proceeds to maternal
suggest that in many countries real yond Nairobi. NGOs are clearly in- health care, including family planning.
progress can be made to improve ma- terested and can make a major con-
BH: The Bank has also been a major
ternal health. We think many coun- tribution, especially in testing new
lender in agriculture, and anything
tries could reduce their maternal mor- approaches and increasing coverage in
that improves the availability of food
tality by 50% within a decade or so. rural areas. It's also crucial to involve
and raises incomes in the Third World
the private sector increasingly, partic-
Q: Do you expect to get support from helps improve basic health .
ularly in serving urban areas and
other sources? higher-income groups. AM: It's important to remember that
BH: Primary health care programs the Bank is new in the health sector
Q: Who will be attending the Nairobi
are largely supported by govern- and has been lending directly for
conference?
ments, but we expect the donor com- health only since 1980. But since 1983,
munity to contribute more. Non-gov- AM: Over 100 individuals will at- the Bank has joined Japan and the
ernmental organizations also have a tend-including Mr. Conable, WHO U.S. as one of the largest donors for
crucial role to play in path-breaking, Director-General Halfdan Mahler, health programs in developing coun-
in innovating, and in developing effec- UNFPA Executive Director Rafael tries.
tive approaches that can be replicated Salas, and UNDP Administrator Wil-
Q: How do you view the future of wom-
by governments on a larger scale. liam Draper-in addition to more
en in development?
Many of the bilateral donors also can than 40 government ministers and
contribute. Unless this is done, some high-level officials from developing AM: Their future will be enhanced if
governments may not be able to af- countries. In all, approximately half their nutritional status is improved, if
ford even the most rudimentary health the participants will be officials from their health is better, and if they're
care and education for their people, developing countries and half from able to have the number of children
especially when populations are dou- donor and other international agen- they want. We believe that the safe
bling every 20 years or so. Of course, cies. We're delighted that Mr. Conable motherhood initiative and conference
communities can, and probably will has agreed to address the opening ses- will help us come closer to those
have to, help themselves in this as in sion as part of his first visit to Africa. goals. IBID
10 THE BANK 'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987
The World Bank and the Energy Sector
in Developing Countries
Ibrahim F. I. Shihata
Ibrahim F. I. Shihata, Vice President and General Counsel, Discussion of revenues takes us directly to the issue of
recently addressed the International Energy Conference of financing energy investments. Let me stress that in spite of
LAWASIA (Law Associationfor Asia and the Western Pa- the near-tenn decline in oil-related investments, overall
cific) in Bangkok last month. Here are excerptsfrom his energy-related investments in developing countries will re-
remarks: main high, requiring large amounts of financial resources at
a time when budgets are already overstretched. To assist in
A lthough the drop in crude oil prices on international
markets in early 1986 attracted worldwide comment
minimizing the magnitUde of this new investment and to
attract capital for it, developing countries must create an
and attention, the energy problems of the 1970s have not environment in which investment funds can be attracted
disappeared, especially in the developing countries. These
from a variety of government and non-governmental
include fuelwood shortages and deforestation, inadequate sources. Countries must also provide an environment in
resource mobilization to support ~ncreasing commercial which there are incentives to increase allocation and man-
energy investment requirements, the chronically poor perfor- agement efficiency in the energy sector generally.
mance of many energy sector enterprises, and inefficiencies
in the production and allocation of energy resources. Tied Directly to Productive Capacity
Not only do those old problems persist, but the oil price
decline and the accompanying price-related uncertainties The energy sector is tied so directly to productive capac-
have created their own new set of difficulties for developing ity that a lag in its growth will have a direct negative impact
countries. on the growth of manufacturing. Energy is the engine of
In regard to fuel substitution and investment, one conse- development. And in this era of developing country indebt-
quence of the greater oil price uncertainty over the foresee- edness, economic growth, especially growth ofmanufac-
able future is that the larger energy consumers will have to tured exports, is essential for a lasting resolution of the debt
consider investing in more flexible equipment to increase problem. For all these reasons, the World Bank continues
fuel switching capacity. Many developing countries have to pay great attention to the energy sector.
already embarked on these adjustments, but some of the We need to explore ways in which the World Bank will
poorer developing countries may have difficulty bearing the contribute further to the energy strategies of our borrowers.
higher capital cost of such investments. They could there- The Bank's objective is to maximize the impact of our
fore remain relatively more vulnerable to sudden fuel price energy program, that is, to blend our resources with those
fluctuations. who have an interest in helping developing countries over-
come their energy problems so that they can increase
Issues of Planning production, incomes and the quality oflife of their popula-
The issues of planning in the power sector have also been tion.
made more complex given current energy price uncertain- The decline in energy prices and uncertainties of the
ties. The severe domestic and foreign exchange resource market over the next few years will test the ability of the
constraints and debt service obligations that many develop- World Bank and its borrowers to adapt quickly and flexibly
ing countries face, especially those in Latin America, add to new conditions. The Bank's level of activity in this sector
still more demands on the power system planners. This has has been and continues to be significant. By the end of
led to the increasing attractiveness of those power system FY1986 our lending commitments for energy totaled nearly
options characterized by flexibility, shorter construction $29 billion over our 40 years of operation, or 170/0 of our
periods and lower capi tal costs. total lending. During our last fiscal year, we approved over
THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987 11
.'
$3 billion in energy sector loans in 28 countries. risks which would otherwise be borne directly by the inves-
But let me be more specific. In regard to the mobilization tor or lender; and offering a wide range of advisory and
of external financial resources, we are convinced that the technical services. We expect MIGA will playa significant
key to the resolution of the difficulties lies in helping part in the further involvement of private capital in the
channel the resources of the private sector and its associated energy sector.
ingenuity, toward the energy sectors ofLDCs. The needs Let me emphasize that energy policy dialogue with our
are of such a nature that private capital is needed both in borrowers is the pedestal on which our actual energy lend-
the form of loans as well as equity. ing operations stand. And our lending supported by that
That does not signify an abandonment of official finance. dialogue will consist of a variety of activities: in the case of
Indeed, most developing countries are now enduring con- oil and gas exploration, the guiding principle will be to
siderable hardship from the loss of export revenues. The stimulate the use of private funds.
low-income countries are particularly in need of official
flows. Hopefully these new requirements will be reflected in Active in Exploration Promotion
future programs of development aid and finance from the The Bank also plans to remain fairly active in exploration
industrial countries, which are already saving billions of promotion. For oil and gas development projects, we will
dollars as a result of the drop in oil prices, not to mention carryon with our support of national oil companies or
other raw materials. other entities which have the benefit of government guar-
Another major area -of emphasis for the Bank will be antee. We also expect to remain active in financing pipelines
institution building, which must be intensified and but- and other infrastructure ancillary to oil and gas production
tressed through involving the private sector more deeply in facilities. The Bank's exploration promotion projects are
this area. Although there are risks, the knowledge and among the most widely used and successful lending instru-
experience of private organizations concerned with energy ments in the energy field. These projects are structured to
make them eminently qualified to advise and participate in obtain and package geological data so as to help market a
creating efficient energy institutions in the developing coun- country's exploration acreage to the international oil indus-
tries. try. So far our lending for exploration promotion has led to
Inevitably, we next come to the question of how to about 50 new exploration contracts, with more to come.
encourage private sector sources, both foreign and domes- In pursuit of the Bank's essentially catalytic role, we will
tic, to take a larger part in the development of the energy have to give greater attention to the financial engineering
sector. Here, the importance of proper legislation governing of oil and gas production projects. We will need to be
the operations of private investors in particular countries is innovative in seeking out and securing funds from other
paramount. The World Bank is supporting the drafting and sources-private oil companies, commercial banks, invest-
enactment of appropriate investment legislation including ment houses, other official sources of capital, export credit
legislation in the oil and gas sector. agencies and so on.
The strategy will be to treat the provision of World Bank
Training of Local Personnel funds as a residual, as a plugging in of the last pieces of the
A related, but no less important, means to facilitate package to complete the financing of sound, attractive,
energy investment is the training oflocal personnel includ- priority projects. In fact, Bank lending specifically designed
ing the often neglected training of the legal staff responsible to facilitate or accelerate private sector investments ac-
for negotiating with foreign companies. The Rome-based counts for the second largest share of our petroleum loans,
International Development Law Institute, which I helped both in the number of projects and the dollar amount of
establish several years ago, is now engaged in such training lending. We are also equipped to provide an arrangement
activities, including some recent programs in Asia. Better whereby the Bank will finance a portion of the exploration
trained lawyers in this field will help in the negotiation of undertaken by a foreign oil company.
more balanced, and therefore more durable, agreements And of course, we stand ready to assist our borrowers in
between government and private oil companies. the area of restructuring of enterprises, whether the project
The World Bank's overall objective in this area of private- results in an immediate or an eventual change in ownership,
public interaction is to lower the barriers to investment and partial or complete. This is consistent with the Bank's long-
to foster a climate of trust and confidence between govern- standing encouragement of private investment, including
ment and business, both local and foreign. the formation ofjoint ventures and participations with
Our efforts will be greatly facilitated by the newly estab- private energy companies, even as early as the exploration
lished Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). stage and into the development phase. This should not
Created under the sponsorship of the World Bank, it is necessarily be interpreted as a plea for one fonn of owner-
expected to be operational in 1987. It will promote the flow ship over another. Rather, it is the introduction of compet-
of international investments to developing countries in two itive market forces that should be encouraged as much as
basic ways: providing guarantees against non-commercial possible. III
12 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
The Bretton Woods Institutions
and the International Banking
Community
Hilary P. Reddy
Hilary P. Reddy, Vice President and ChiefFinancial Officer, help to revive cross-border investments by multinational
IFC, participated in the recent 12th Financial Times World corporations, as we have already seen in several instances.
Banking Conference in London. Here are excerptsfrom his Finally, it can facilitate the balance sheet restructuring of
remarks. overly-leveraged corporations, in both the public and pri-
vate sectors.
here the Bank and the IMF are working to help the
* * *
W middle-income debtor nations mount comprehensive
Alleviating the debt burden is one key factor in the
development equation. But whether in Sub-Saharan Africa,
adjustment programs, the participation of the commercial Latin America, Asia or elsewhere in the developing world,
banks is an urgent necessity. Their capital, both debt and releasing the energies of the private sector is a no less crucial
equity, is needed to support productive investments and factor.
thus ensure growth, and only growth will produce the The presence and value of an indigenous private sector in
income to ensure debt repayment and equity returns. Sup- developing countries need better recognition, and, finally
pliers of external capital, therefore, need to recognize the and slowly, that seems to be coming. The private sector's
restoration of creditworthiness as a product of their con- role in development has not been well explored and its
tinuing lending, not a precondition for it. dynamics are still too little understood. Too little is known
The IFC is actively looking for ways to help the debt of what the private sector can or cannot do, and of how to
problem, ways that will involve and entice the commercial direct its energies toward a general improvement in the
banking community. Specifically, we are at work structur- welfare of the people. That is strange because the private
ing debt/equity conversions, a broad term used to signify the sector generates almost three-quarters of the gross domestic
exchange of foreign currency-denominated developing product of the developing countries. Merely on the basis of
country private or public sector loans for domestic its market share, the need to enhance and develop the
currency-denominated real or monetary assets, especially private sector would seem compelling.
direct and portfolio equity investments. This would be done
through the mechanisms of an investment trust which Private Initiative BeHer Recognized
would offer investors, formerly creditors, the advantages of Happily, the value of private initiative in development is
independent professional management and portfolio diver- finally becoming better recognized, and the World Bank
sification on the basis of explicitly stated objectives. IFC is family of institutions is now doing much more to encourage
currently working on establishing the first such internation- the mobilization of that vital resource. I say this not just
al investment trust for converting debt to equity with the because this is the IFC's special and particular mandate. I
strong support of the parties involved. say it because it seems to us that harnessing initiative and
entrepreneurship is simply a matter of good common sense.
Debt Conversion Program The history of the last quarter century demonstrates that
The financial advantages for the developing country in a the fastest growth has been achieved by countries where the
successful debt conversion program are obvious. Further, energy of private individuals as economic agents has been
debt conversion may well provide an element of reality at given scope; and the slowest growth where the state has
long last and thereby enhance the credibility of the debtor tried to do it all. We need therefore to encourage opportu-
country in the international financial marketplace. It is also nity in developing economies for the entrepreneurs and the
a technique which could assist in the much discussed repa- innovators, and we need to find ways of channeling the
triation of flight capital, although one is well advised to be energies of the businessmen in industrial countries into the
extremely cautious in such matters. Potentially, since sub- development effort.
stantial discounts will pertain, debt equity conversions may That is something which the International Finance Cor-
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 13
poration, which I have the pleasure of serving, is trying to on a greatly magnified meaning. Frankly, it's kind oflonely
do. Our aim, simply put, is to stimulate more private out there right now.
investment, profitable investment, in developing countries, Equity investment is, of course, our bread and butter
and to stimulate markets to work more effectively to serve business. We've been doing it for 30 years, and our portfolio
the needs of development. is broadly based both in terms of sectors and geography.
The recent shift on the part of an increasing number of And I must admit that I take considerable delight in telling
developing country governments to greater reliance on the my banking friends that one ofIFC's problems in some
private sector has been evident in several areas. One of the areas right now is the best timing to realize some of our
most prominent has been the moving of parastataIs to capital gains. But we are increasingly diversifying, and more
private ownership and/or private operation-i.e., privatiza- and more looking for new ways to encourage the flow of
tion. Also prominent have been the increased efforts to equity from developed to less developed countries.
attract foreign private investment, particularly in terms of IFC's Emerging Markets Growth Fund
equity investment, a movement which we hope the launch-
ing of the World Bank's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Portfolio investment is another avenue to channel equity
Agency and IFC's Guaranteed Recovery ofInvestment to developing countries and country specific funds, such as
Principal scheme, both still in advanced formative stages, the Korea Fund, which IFC launched initially several years
will strengthen. back, should be familiar to you. In the last year, IFC's
Less publicized, but no less important, have been efforts Emerging Markets Growth Fund was started as an impor-
to lay the groundwork and provide support for the steady tant new instrument to encourage this process. The EMGF
and efficient growth of the indigenous private sector in all is a closed-end fund that has already begun to invest in
our markets. IFC is involved in all of these activities and publicly listed shares in selected developing countries. Ap-
has the backing of its 128 shareholder governments to proximately 10 % of the funds has now been invested in
expand its involvement in the years ahead. Asia. The fund was established with a group oflarge U.S.,
Western European and Middle East institutional investors.
As you know, IFC's role is essentially to be a catalyst, to The development of the private sector in Africa is a key
join with other investors, domestic and foreign or both, and priority for IFC and, as I mentioned previously, the busi-
by assembling the capital, technology and managerial
ness there can be problematic. However, we have estab-
know-how, to help make things happen which would not lished a facility to advise and encourage local entrepreneurs
otherwise happen. And the success of our business depends
in the development of sound investment projects. Called the
on our finding good partners, both financial and operation-
Africa Project Development Facility, it was launched this
al, to work with.
year in cooperation with the United Nations Development
Programme and the African Development Bank. The facil-
Interest to Work with IFC ity will be managed by IFC and will operate out of offices
There is evident interest, for those of you from commer- in Nairobi and Abidjan.
cial banks, to work with IFC. Every IFC project requires a To assist governments of developing countries in their
complete financial plan, and there is scarcely any financial increasing efforts to attract foreign investment, we this year
plan that does not include export credits from commercial launched the Foreign Investment Advisory Service. This
banks in industrialized countries. The point is that you may, program, which we plan to be financially self-supporting,
in addition to financing your exporter's clients, also want will help member governments to review and adjust policies,
to satisfy yourselves as to whether the buyers, often spon- regulations and investment promotion strategies that affect
sors of projects, have secured all the needed finance. It is in foreign direct investment.
this area where both commercial banks and IFC could work Although our current five-year program, which has now
in a complementary fashion: you, the commercial banks, completed its second year, is basically dependent on the
providing export credits, and we in IFC, contributing to the doubling of our capital to $1.3 billion, which was approved
balance of the financial requirements ofa particular private by our Board last December, we are at the same time being
venture in a developing country. more active than hitherto in raising money in the interna-
To give you an idea of the scale of our operations, let me tional markets. We are now in the third year of our direct
mention that during the fiscal year ended last June, our market borrowing program and have already raised over
Board approved 85 new investment operations in 39 coun- half-a-billion dollars or equivalent since its inception. Of
tries for a total value, including syndicated loans, ofjust course, we will continue to rely on the World Bank as our
over $1.1 billion, a 23 % increase over the previous year. major source of borrowed funds, and our policy is to access
Compared to our Bretton Woods brothers, our numbers are world markets, providing we can obtain terms comparable
small but growing. And in the present environment, the or better than those which the Bank commands. In the
significance of what IFC is doing by way of new private eleven operations to date, IFC has been able to do so each
sector lending and investing in the developing world takes and every time. II
14 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
A Seminar for Local Staff Members says. "I try to show them the beauty
of how things work and why they
of Resident Missions make sense. And that makes them feel
better about their jobs."
And he, in turn, was impressed with
Why eadquarters Asks the participants' enthusiasm and
knowledge. "They are all highly com-
petent people and kept me running
for II That InTormatlo with their questions which were often
a couple of steps ahead of me.
"Most of them are already familiar
wi th the basics so I tried to take them
to a more advanced level by explaining
what we do at Headquarters. We cov-
by Marjorie Messiter ered the budget, accounting tech-
niques, the financial records and the
n a stack of evaluation forms on the Division, who conducted the account- structure of the automated imprest
I corner of Sangam Iyer's desk in
Washington are some personal notes.
ing part of the seminar; and William
H. Johnson, Administrative Manager,
accounts.
"It has been an excellen t and joyful Resident Staff in Indonesia, who was New Role of Accounting Department
time for me," one says. the group's host and handled admin- "We also talked about the new role
"Obviously a great deal of hard istrative arrangements for the meet- of the Accounting Department once
work went into the preparation and I ing. imprest accounts are computerized.
am most appreciative," says another. We are going to be delegating the
And, there are notes jotted down at Messages from 18 Participants responsibility for maintaining records
the end of many of the forms evaluat- The messages came from 18 partici- to the field offices saying, in effect,
ing an Accounting and Administrative pants-mainly Administrative and 'You're the best qualified people to
Seminar held in Jakarta in December Accounting Officers and Secretaries- handle this job.",
for local staff members of Resident from Resident Missions in Indonesia, Once the new system is in place, the
Missions in the East Asia and Pacific Thailand, China, Japan, India, Sri Accounting Department will function
and South Asia Regions and the Tok- Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakis- more like a controller, reviewing and
yo Office: tan. In five days of seminars and analyzing financial information rather
"Thanks very much to Mr. Iyer, Mr. group discussions at Jakarta's Hilton than collecting detailed transaction
Casson, Mr. Johnson and staff of the Hotel, they got a grounding in Per- records, which is, says Mr. Casson, its
Indonesian office. Before, we had a sonnel and Compensation issues and proper function. But these new proce-
feeling that our office is isolated from in expense accounting and the auto- dures will mean more frequent audits
other offices, but through this seminar mation of the imprest accounts. (An offield office accounts. His unit plans
we could get acquainted with staff imprest account is similar to a check- to visit each office about once a year
from other offices. I hope we can con- ing account. A field office draws from to audit accounts and offer any train-
tinue to exchange views on an official it to pay expenses, reports the ex- ing to local staff that may be needed.
and personal basis in future. penses to Headquarters at the end of
"Thank you for everything. I hope each month and has the account re- Personal Visits Invaluable
you invite us the next time." plenished accordingly. Most imprest Such personal visits are invaluable
And finally, "I liked Mr. Iyer's accounts are scheduled to be compu- in maintaining smooth working rela-
jokes. " terized by July 1987.) tionships on both sides, notes Mr.
In fact, many participants rated Mr. Casson. "While I was in Jakarta, I was
Personal Thank-Yous Casson's explanations of the imprest able sit down with the resident staff
The personal thank-yo us were for account as one of the strongest parts and we solved problems together in
K.S. Sangameswaran Iyer, Adminis- of the seminar. ten minutes that we couldn't sort out
trative Officer in the South Asia Mr. Casson, who spoke at sessions in five months of cabling back and
Country Programs Department, who from Monday through Wednesday, forth."
coordinated the seminar and led the and at a wrap-up session Friday morn- About the only negative aspect of
discussion of administrative issues; ing, obviously enjoys teaching, though the seminar was that the representa-
William D. Casson, Chief, Resident he's trained in accounting. "I like what tive from the Compensation Depart-
Missions Unit in the Accounting De- I do, and I like to explain things in ment scheduled to participate had to t ~
partment's Administrative Expense terms people can understand," he cancel at the last minute. "We sorely
THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987 15
missed having someone from the Per- "One of the best things about sem- an amusement park on the North Java
sonnel Management Department or inars given by Headquarters staff Sea.
the Compensation Department there trainers," Mr. Iyer continues, "is that As for Mr. Iyer's jokes, here's one
to explain policy questions," says Mr. they are a morale booster for long- he heard from W. David Hopper, Vice
Iyer who filled the gap as best he term local staff members. And an im- President, South Asia Regional Of-
could. portant part of the effort is giving fice, which he likes to tell to make the
Locally hired staff are especially them an opportunity to discuss com- point that everyone has to do his or
concerned about conditions of em- mon problems with each other. her own share of the paper work, and
ployment-how the Bank sets sala- "We tried to create a relaxed and not expect Washington to do it for
ries, the medical plan, financial assis- informal atmosphere where everyone them:
tance for housing and training-and was at ease and could say whatever he "There was a man called A braham,
career development issues, such as or she wanted. I don't think some who went to the temple every Satur-
transferring to other Resident Mis- would have talked as freely if the sem- day for 12 years to ask God to let him
sions to increase career opportunities. inar had been held in Washington." win the lottery. But nothing ever hap-
"We also discussed security, and the The talking went on over lunch pened. Discouraged after years ofpe-
importance of the resident mission each day and into the evenings, titioning every week to no avail, Abra-
keeping track of the whereabouts of though there was time for a reception ham told God he was giving up and
Headquarters staff and Bank consul- at Mr. Johnson's home and other was through going to temple. As he
tants traveling in the country. The evening outings. Mr. Iyer, who lived in left the sanctuary for the last time,
Resident Missions should have a copy Jakarta for five years, acted as an there was a great crash of thunder and
of the traveler's itinerary, but staff impromptu tour guide, taking the lightning, and God finally appeared to
don't always pay attention to this," group on an evening tour of Jakarta's him saying: 'Come on, Abraham, give
says Mr. Iyer. markets and on an excursion to Ancol, me a break. Buya ticket.' " III
Seminar participants: standing, left to right, M.A. Khan, T. Heping, Q.M. Candappa, R. Kunwar, M. Sumida, M. Sekihara, A. Samoevong, B.
Zakarla, A. Aleem, W. Casson, H. Hasjim, N. Islam, W.H. Johnson, S. Prasertwaree, M. Lepps.
Iyer. Seated, left to right, S. Hallm, K. Singh, M. Tolerton, K. Arthadl, S.
16 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
An East Asia and Pacific Region Adaptation
he Twelve ays of Christmas
by Jill Roessner
On the/irst day o/Christmas my true Maestro Peter Harrold was Master this case two Turkish doves stole the
love sent to me of Ceremonies, while Elie Canetti limelight. Vice President Attila Kar-
A partridge in a pear tree. from EDI provided the piano accom- aosmanoglu and his wife, wearing
On the second day 0/ Christmas my paniment. The Maestro instructed the wings and waving Turkish flags, paid
true love sent to me audience in its role as the chorus, ably homage to Mrs. Hamilton.
Two turtle doves and a partridge in a assisted by Beth Creed who pointed to Three French hens translated into
pear tree. the carol's new words conveniently three French men. Appropriately at-
On the third day 0/ Christmas my displayed on the wall, holding up cue tired in Basque-style striped shirts and
true love sent to me cards whenever additional audience berets, armed with the obligatory ba-
Three French hens . .. participation was called for. guettes, Messieurs lean-Charles Cro-
Before the song could begin, the chet, Rene Bonnel and Martin Karch-
nd so the old carol goes, with the
A true love sending, in addition to
the above, four calling birds; five gold
object of the true love's devotion had
to take her place. Division Chief Ann
er lent a certainje ne sais quoi to the
proceedings.
Hamilton had won the coveted role, Four calling birds became four call-
rings; six geese a-laying; seven swans and she gave a performance worthy of ing girls (yes, the production was be-
a-swimming; eight maids a-milking; Meryl Streep, coyly accepting the
nine ladies dancing; ten lords a-leap- somewhat unorthodox tokens of af-
ing, eleven pipers piping and twelve fection bestowed on her by her col-
drummers drumming. leagues.
That's the version usually heard
during the holiday season. But the Brandishing a iR ubber Chicken
words were slightly adapted by certain These tokens began with Assistant
creative members of the East Asia and Director David Turnham in a tree cos-
Pacific Regional Office for a memora- tume brandishing a rubber chicken,
ble performance at their Christmas virtually indistinguishable from a par-
party December 11. An international tridge in a pear tree. His subtle inter-
cast of thousands (well, 45 to be pre- pretation of this demanding part set
cise) staged a theatrical tour de force dramatic standards that remained un-
that defies description. But we'll try. surpassed until the two turtle doves, in
Ann Hamilton alias Ms. Truelove surrounded by various tokens of affection
Photos by John Cleave
THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987 17
coming a trifle risque). The ladies of did get "a sick Greek a-praying." Vas- The ten lords a-leaping were select-
the evening, convincingly portrayed ilios Demetriou, swathed in bandages, ed from the 10rdHer echelons of
by Linda Patorni, Julia Tolbert, Lor- hobbled onstage, waving a crutch, to AEN's staff. Superbly costumed in
etta Schaeffer and Marlene Daniels, the strains ,of "Zorba the Greek." tights, doublets and coronets, Bert van
sashayed onstage and were greeted Seven swans a-swimming. What der Meer, Adi Davar, Oktay Venal,
with appreciative hoots from those in else but "Sven and Donna singing?" Robert Calderisi, Antony Cole, Nor-
I,
the audience who evidently appreciate Sven Burmester and Donna Haldane man Hicks, Johannes Linn, Arch
curvaceous, brazen hussies. present no threat to Michael Jackson Laing, Richard Calkins and Attila
and Cindy Lauper, a fact the audience Sonmez demonstrated a dazzling agil-
Five Golden Rings made clear by its catcalls and boos. ity, leaping and bounding toward a
Five golden rings. Five old men. There weren't eight maids a-milk- somewhat astonished Mrs. Hamilton.
Not just any old men. These old men ing. One Australian in drag is prob- The only thing that seemed vaguely
wore raincoats. And shoes and socks. ably enough for most situations, and anachronistic was the fact that each
It is not possible to give a detailed Division Chief Nick Hope was a suit- clutched a World Bank briefcase.
description of this segment of the ably voluptuous and strapping milk-
show, since they had their backs to the maid, yet not without a certain win- "Eleven Pipers Piping"
audience as they flashed past Mrs. some quality as he modestly hitched The maestro waved his baton and
Hamilton. But judging by her maiden- up his bodice and its contents. Mr. the chorus called for "Eleven pipers
ly blushes, theirs was a formidable Canetti played "Waltzing Matilda" piping." They got a one-woman band
display of talent. Perhaps they would and a couple of other staffers, later in the form of Senior Loan Officer
prefer to remain anonymous. Too identified as Anita Alvano and Car- Gloria Davis with various musical in-
bad. They were: Farrukh Iqbal, Khal- mela Batol served as a cow. struments festooned about her and the
id Ikram, Shahid Yusuf, Malcolm Bale The next two verses remained more number II hanging round her neck.
and Frank Farner. or less unadulterated. There really As she gamely tooted a horn, the
By now, it was becoming something were nine ladies dancing, albeit disco maestro expressed his disappointment
of a mob scene. Five old men and four style: Cyndi Reese, Janice Coleman, since he'd specifically asked for eleven
call girls, plus three Frenchmen, along Rosario Hablero, Norma Angeles, pIpers.
with two Turks, the partridge in a pear Ofelia Beguin, Fran Antonelli, May-O Ms. Davies pointed out that in the
tree and Mrs. Hamilton. Would they Kuo, Bee Ean Gooi and Guilermina current environment of budget con-
produce six geese a-laying? No. But we D'Sylva. straint, "I was told to keep it mean
and lean." On cue, the audience
11 Il roared "Shame!"
Then, turning the number II
, around to reveal a 12, and beating the
~ lVl drum lashed to her back, she served as
12 drummers drumming too.
111: ... Each group briefly repeated its rou-
tine as it made its exit. The lords were
particularly graceful in their rendition
of "the Sugar Plum Fairy." But when
it was time for the five old men to
leave, they turned to face the audi-
ence. There was a breathless hush.
Then they threw open their rain-
coats-revealing gym shorts appli-
qued with fig leaves.
The East Asia Region's version of
"The Twelve Days of Christmas" was
written and produced by Jane Holden,
Linda Patorni and Peter Harrold, and
performed by some very sporting col-
leagues. Lynn Mazur from PMD and
John Cleave from AEP took photo-
graphs, and there was a video made-
but it's not likely to be shown at de-
Gloria Davis keeping, it "lean and mean" partmental staff meetings. II
18 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
Around the Bank
A Quilt for the United Way Mrs. Stemp, on the other hand, was won anything substantial.
quick to point out that quilting is Vice President W.A. Wapenhans
by Morallina F. George Lynn Hunger's passion. Ms. Hunger's drew the winning tickets on No-
talents are now centered on quilting vember 21. The prized quilted wall
but she has done other crafts. Her hanging went to Damanios Odeh, a ..
While most of us pondered over how
snowflake designs, using a freezor pa- Senior Economist in the Technical As-
much to contribute or whether to con-
per stencil technique, were featured in sistance Division, EMENA Projects
tribute at all to the United Way Cam-
the Spring 1986 McCall's Country Department. Says he, "I have a very
paign, Carol Stemp wasted no time on
Quilting craft book. special place for it in my home."
such trivial thoughts. She thought of a
Along with the quilt, there were also
way to involve the entire EMENA Fun with Mini-Drive
Region in a special campaign-a raf- second and third prizes. A traditional
"We really had fun with this mini- English fruitcake, contributed by
fle.
drive," they both added. Watching Carol Stemp, was the second prize,
What to raffle?
them gives one a warm feeling of ca- and a bottle of scotch, donated by
Mrs. Stemp, a Staff Assistant in the
maraderie. "We're all friends in this Noemia Primo, Executive Assistant,
Office of the Director, Europe, Middle
department and we work as a team. EMENA Programs Department I, the
East and North Africa Country Pro-
That's how we were able to pull this third. II
grams Department I, asked Lynn
off so successfully," says Mrs. Stemp.
Hunger, an Administrative Secretary,
When the final sum was collected, it
Division 1A, who is also a semi-
was divided among the three depart- The 1986 Bank/IFC United Way
professional quilter, to make some-
ments in the Region and then separ- Campaign was a great success.
thing as the prize.
ately contributed to the Bank's United The final sum collected amounted
While Lynn Hunger spent two or
Way drive to obtain raffle tickets. Had to $295,424. About 3,600 staff
three hours almost every night for a
any of the major raffle prizes been members contributed, repre-
month hand-quilting a beautiful,
won from these contributions, they senting 57.8% of staff. An addi-
36"x36" wall hanging, Carol Stemp
had planned to raffle them again (in tional $5,000 from proceeds of the
and the other support staff made
conjunction with the Region's Christ- sale of World Bank office accesso-
flyers and circulated them to the
mas party) and then contribute the ries will be added to the fund.
whole Region, campaigned hard, and
money to Children's Hospital. How-
kept the drive going.
ever, to their disappointment, no one
In three weeks' time they sold $450
worth of raffle tickets. The tickets
were sold at fifty cents each or three
for a dollar. This collection, of course,
was in addition to personal contribu-
tions made directly to the United Way
drive.
Earth Colors
This particular wall hanging was
specially designed to incorporate the
earth colors- green, blue and brown,
with the World Bank logo hand appli-
qued in the center. Lynn Hunger says
she derived immense pleasure from
doing the quilt. "It was nothing real-
ly," she insists, reticent about talking
to The Bank's World. "I enjoy quilting
and was happy to make a contribution
to the United Way drive but it was
really a team effort. Carol deserves the
credit for coming up with the idea and Bank President Barber Con able, Carol Stemp and United Way Chairman Joe Ingram admire the
for coordinating the drive." quilted wall hanging handmade by Merlyn Hunger. Photo by Michele lannacci
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 19
Around the Bank continued Energy Research Group, a think tank able to Bank couples.) The Center can
on long-term energy problems in the accommodate 72 children and has al-
International Group Lauds
Third World. III most that number enrolled. There are
Munasinghe a few spaces for infants and toddlers,
The 1986 Association Award of the but the pre-school age group is com-
International Association of Energy
Children's Center Thriving
pletely filled. Anyone may visit and
I. Economists (lAEE) has been awarded About 40 squirming, wriggling little observe, except during nap time, and
to Mohan Munasinghe, Principal people are bundled into their outdoor Mrs. Waxman would be happy to see
Energy Economist in the Bank's Ener- clothes for games outside, or a walk in parents who may be interested in plac-
gy Department. Mr. Munasinghe, au- the neighborhood. Indoors a few tin- ing a child in the Center in the future . •
thor of several papers and books on ier children are busily finger-painting,
energy and power, will accept the while some of the infants sleep or
award for outstanding contributions enjoy a story and a cuddle. Several
Dial M for Management
to the field of energy economics at mothers come to nurse their babies A small reference unit specializing in
IAEE's annual international meeting during the lunch break, and a couple management topics, tucked in the R
next July in Calgary, Canada. of other parents take their children to building, is being expanded as a full-
Mr. M unasinghe is the first person lunch at the cafeteria or for a spin in fledged Management Library to keep
from the developing world to receive a stroller. The long-awaited World Bank, IFC and IMF staff, especially
the award from IABE, a Washington- Bank Children's Center is now a managers, up-to-date on the latest de-
based association of about 2,500 ener- colorful, exciting reality. velopments in the management field.
gy experts from more than 60 coun- Director Pearl Waxman welcomes Management concepts and innova-
tries. While on leave of absence from parent participation, noting that the tions, strategic planning, leadership,
the Bank during 1982-86, Mr. Muna- father-mother ratio is almost even productivity, decision-making, and
singhe served as Senior Energy Advi- with nearly 40 Bank mothers and close quantitative methods in management
sor to President Junius Jayewardene to 30 Bank fathers bringing their chil- are only a few of the topics of books
of Sri Lanka, the awardee's home dren to the Center. (There is some and periodicals maintained by the li-
country. He is also the chairman of the overlapping in these figures attribut- brary started two years ago to support
Senior Staff Appointments
ALAIN COLLIOU, a French nation- JEFFREY GUTMAN, a U.S. nation-
al, was appointed Chief, Education al, was promoted to Transport Policy
and Manpower Development Divi- Adviser, Transportation Department,
sion, Eastern and Southern Africa effective January 1. He joined the
Projects Department, effective De- Bank in 1979 as a Transportation
cember 1. Mr. Collioujoined the Bank Economist in the Latin America and
through the Young Professionals Pro- Caribbean Projects Department. In
gram in 1970. After he graduated 1983, he was promoted to Senior
from the program in 1971, he was Transportation Economist, and in
assigned as Programming Officer, 1984, to Deputy Chief of the same
Programming and Budgeting Department, Operations department.
Evaluation Division, and continued as Programming Offi-
cer, Operations Evaluation Department. He joined the KUDLAPUR G.Y. KRISHNA, an
South Asia Country Programs Department, Division C, as Indian national, was appointed Chief,
Loan Officer for Burma in 1974. In 1976, Mr. Colliou Policy and Review Unit, Projects Pol-
transferred as Operations Officer to the Resident Mission icy Department, effective December 1.
in Bangladesh where he was promoted to Senior Operations Mr. Krishna joined the Bank in 1966
Officer in 1978. In September 1979, he returned to Head- as an Economist in Division B of the
quarters as Senior Loan Officer, Division D, South Asia former Africa Department. In 1969,
Country Programs Department, and in November 1979, he was promoted to Senior Econo-
transferred to the Eastern Africa Country Programs De- mist, and in 1971 he transferred to the
partment II, South Central Division, as Senior Loan Officer Office of the Director, Eastern Africa
for Burundi and Zaire. Mr. Colliou was promoted to CountryPrograms Department. In 1974, Mr. Krishna was
Deputy Chief, Education and Manpower Development appointed Deputy Chief, General Agriculture Division,
Division, Eastern and Southern Africa Projects Depart- Eastern Africa Projects Department. In 1977, he was pro-
ment in 1984. moted to Chief, Rural Credit and Agrobusiness Division,
20 THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1987
the work of the Organization Planning to come personally," she says. quickly the organizations we contact-
Department (OPD). Librarian Pamela The library can arrange inter-li- ed agreed to make donations, and at
Tripp-Melby has been adding to the brary loans and database searches for the generosity of the staff. The prizes
collection of 700 volumes of books publications, and accepts suggestions weren't really a factor. Many staff said
and periodicals from different coun- from staff on what books or periodi- they wanted to give to Save the Chil-
tries. cals to incl ude in the collection. The dren, and we could forget about the
As part of an outreach program, the library is in Room R-200, extension raffle tickets."
library will produce a newsletter to 69418. II The party took place in the New
inform Bank and IFC managers of Zealand Embassy-made available by
available reference materials. The Ambassador Sir Wallace Rowling.
Legal Department's Raffle For
newsletter will contain book and peri- Mr. and Mrs. Conable appeared as
odical reviews written by OPD and the Fund
Save the Children , mystery guests, with Mr. Conable
Personnel Management Department's Yet another creative celebration drawing the raffle.
Management Development Unit. cropped up this holiday season. With The blockbuster first prize-won by
The library's collection is listed on gaiety and gusto the Legal Depart- David M. Goldberg, Assistant Gen-
the Joint Library Information System, ment raised $1,800 for the Save the eral Counsel, Operations-was two
a computerized catalog of reference Children Fund. round-trip (super-executive class)
materials held by the main library and "We chose Save the Children be- tickets to Tokyo on All Nippon Air-
the smaller units in the Bank and the cause we wanted a charity with wide ways (ANA), a Japanese airline which
IMF. "Staffin the main complex and support within the department, and is expanding its international service.
the other buildings can use the library because it is reported to be one of the Second prize was an autofocus camera
anytime during office hours," says best international charities in terms of donated by Ritz Camera Shop. Third
Jean-Yves Maillat, who started the low administrative costs and effective prize was dinners for two at the Sher-
library. "They can phone in their re- use of funds," said Ian Newport, aton Park and Ritz Carlton Hotels,
quests or questions and save a trip to speaking for all ten committee mem- and fourth was two bottles of wine
the R building," adds Ms. Tripp-Mel- bers who organized the raffle and an- and chocolates from Cheese and Bot-
by. "But, of course, they're welcome nual soiree. "We were suprised at how tle. II
East Asia and Pacific Projects Department, and in 1985, nomics Department. In 1976, he transferred to the Urban
became Chief, Agriculture Division 4, in the same Depart- Projects Department, Division 3 (Asia), as Senior Econo-
ment. Since May 1, 1986, Mr. Krishna had been serving as mist. In 1979, he was appointed Deputy Chief, Urban
Adviser, Projects Policy Department. Division, East Asia and Pacific, and in March 1980, was
promoted to Chief. After the Division was regionalized in
PAUL J. SIEGELBAUM, a U.S. na-
July 1980, Mr. Sud became Chief, Urban Division, East
tional, was transferred and promoted
Asia and Pacific Projects Department. In 1981, he was
to the position of Chief Counsel, Fi-
appointed Chief of the Urban and Water Supply Division
nance Unit, the Bank's Legal Depart-
of the Region.
ment, effective December 1. Mr. Sie-
gelbaum joined the Bank in 1982 as an
Attorney, IFC Legal Department. In ANTHONY PRITCHARD was pro-
January 1986, he became a Senior Fi- moted to Agricultural Research Ad-
nancial Operations Officer, Financial viser, Agriculture and Rural Develop-
Policy and Planning Division, IFC's ment Department, effective January 1.
Financial Management and Planning Department. Mr. Pritchard, an Australian national,
joined the Bank as an Agriculturist,
INDER K. SUD, an Indian national, South Asia Projects Department, in
was appointed Senior Adviser, Policy 1977. In 1980, he was promoted to
and Research, Water Supply and Ur- Senior Agriculturist, and in 1983,
ban Development Department, effec- transferred in the same capacity to the
tive January 1. He joined the Bank in Eastern Africa Projects Department. In 1985, he was pro-
1971 through the Young Professionals moted to Principal Agriculturist, in the same department.
Program. After graduating from the
Program in 1972, he was assigned as
an Economist in the Transportation
and Public Utilities Division, Eco-
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 21
New Staff Members
Josephine R. Armar Margaret J. Gordon Paulo Mendes CuneytSel
Ghana Jamaica Brazil Turkey
Secretary /WAP /12/ I Secretary/EAP/12/15 Sr. Engineer/IFCj 12/ I Exec. Director's Asst./EDS/12/30
Marie R. Alexander Yong-Chun Han Sunil Monga Richard M. Senou
Philippines China India Benin
Secretary/pM 0/12/8 Staff Assistant/EDS/12/15 Fin. Info. Analyst/CTRjl2/30 Auditor/IAD/12/24
Anil Bhatnagar Winston C. Hay Claire M. Morson A. Taderera-Marimbe
India Jamaica United States Zimbabwe
Fin. Info. Analyst/CTR/12/11 Power Engineer/EGY /12/8 Accountant/ACT/ 12/15 Secretary/EA2/ 12/8
Wilfred Biswas Karen A. Hudes Thouria Nana-Sinkum Florencia C. Villenueva
Bangladesh United States Cameroon Philippines
Communications Asst./GSD/12/1 Counsel/LEG/12/22 Secretary/IND/12/22 Secretary/EGY /12/1
Mauricio Carrizosa Jennifer I. Ifill Liwayway Pascual Minnie T. Williams
Colombia Barbados Philippines United States
Financial Economist/LCP /12/15 Expense Clerk/ ACT/12/15 Secretary/GSD/ 12/ 15 Secretary/LCP/12/15
Nicole Wautiez de Blaye Spence E. Iyadurai Sita Ramaswami Martin Yokum
Belgium India India United States
Secretary/EMP/12/15 Secretary/ AEP/ 12/22 Mgmt. Consultant/OPD/12/22 Secretary/EMP/12/15
Socorro I. de Paez Riad M. Kelani Elizabeth M. Rankin Kumiko Yoshinari
Colombia Syria Canada Japan
Unit Chief/EDIjl2/12 Secretary/EDS/ 12/8 Asst. to Director/TRP/12/15 Investment Ofcr.jIFCjI2/8
Anne Dronnier Reza Khonsary Othello Richards Marion M. Young
France Iran Liberia United Kingdom
Secretary /WA 1/12/8 Economist/EGY/12/31 Investment Asst./INV /12/8 Telephone Operator/GSD/ 12/8
Chantal Fox Denise M. Martin JamiiSalmi
United States France Morocco
Secretary /WAP /12/15 Secretary/WAP/12/ I Education Planner/EMP/12/22
Yeshimebet Gonfa JoanS. Medina Yasmina Sam
Ethiopia United States Canada
Secretary/EGY/12/8 Secretary/LCP/12/22 Secretary/IFCj 12/22
Retirees
HERMAN G. VAN DER TAK, a DINSHAW F.D. JOSHI, Chief Engi-
Dutch national, retired October 1, af- neer, Telecommunications, Electron-
ter 25 years in the Bank. Before join- ics and New Technology Develop-
ing the Bank in 1961, Mr. van der Tak ment Division, Industry Department,
had served with the United Nations retired November 30. Mr. Joshi was
Regional Economic Commission in with the Bank and the Telecommuni-
Geneva and Bangkok. In the Bank, he cations Division for 13-1/2 years.
worked as an Economist with the Prior to joining the Bank, he had
former Economics Department, be- served for over 27 years in the Posts
coming its Chief, Sector and Projects and Telegraphs Department, Govern-
Studies in 1968. In 1971, on his return from a sabbatical ment ofIndia. Mr. Joshi, an Indian national, will return to
year in the Netherlands as visiting professor at the Institute his home country after a few months of consulting work for
of Social Study at the Hague, he was appointed Economic the Bank.
Adviser to the Bank Projects Department. In the reorgani- JOHN K. COULTER, Agricultural
zation in 1972, he was promoted to Director, Projects Research Adviser, Agriculture and
Advisory Staff, and in 1979, was appointed Director, Proj- . Rural Development Department, re-
ects Staff, subsequently retitled Director, Operations Policy, tired November 30 after 12 years in
Operations Policy Staff-the position he held until his
the Bank. From 1974 to 1980, he was
retirement. Mr. van der Tak will remain in the Washington the Scientific Adviser to the Consulta-
area. He will work as a part-time consultant for the Bank, tive Group on International Agricul-
travel, and pursue other personal interests. tural Research, and was in his last
position since 1980. Mr. Coulter, a
U.K. national, is returning to Sussex,
England, to take up family farming.
22 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987
January Drilling Deeper for Fresh Water . . . ... . ... 18 Foreign Bodies .. . ... . ... . . ...... .... 20
Know Thyself-and Plan Your Career .... 2 Around the Bank: Critchfield on Rural People Want to Be Appreciated . . .... . . 20
Keepers of the Pension Fund ..... . . . .. . . 5 Villagers; Ball for Margaret McNamara
Call Ext. 69141 . . ....... .. ... .. ..... . ... 6 Memorial Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 September
Mary Rukavina Made a Difference .. . . . ... 7 Award from United Way; Children's How to 'Create' Entrepreneurs . ... . .... . 2
Revisiting the Housing Specialist ..•. . ..• 8 Center on Its Way ................. .. . 21 United Way Campaign Kicks Off October 6 .. 5
The Drought in Sudan: looking At It through So You Want to Buy a Home Computer? .. 6
a Wide-Angled Lens . . . . . .. ... ..•. ... . 9 May Summer of '86 . . . . . . • . . .• ..... . .... . . 9
On the Record: Africa : The World's Greatest Beyond the Rhetoric .. . .. .. . .;. . ..... . ... 2 On the Record: Opportunity for Cooperation
Development Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Engineering Development . ..... . ... .. .. 6 in Water Resources Development in the
Africa's Environmental Challenges and The Bank's Business Briefings .. . . . .. . . . 9 Ganges and Brahmaputra Basins ... . .. 11
The World Bank's Response ........ . . 13 On the Record: Growth and Adjustment A Royal Rescue . ... . . ............. ... 13
Ufe Returns to West African Savanna . .. . 15 Challenges of East Asian Economies .. 11 As Time Goes By .. . .. . .. ........ . ... .. 17
Taking Stock of Urban Development . ..... 16 South Asia: A Continent in Transition .. 13 Around the Bank: Annual Meetings 1986 . . 18
Frames of Distinction .... . ... . ... . .... 18 Mexico City's Rocky Road to Presentation in Thailand; J Building
Around the Bank: Helping Others; Reconstruction . . . . . . . .. . ... 15 Opening Day on Schedule; Opening
High Marks for Food Facilities . .. ... . . 19 The Bank's Unlisted Mexico City Office .. 16 of Children's Center .... ..... . . ... .. . . 19
1985 Issues of The Bank's Vlbrld-Index to Attitude Survey III . . .... .. . . . . . ... . . .... 18 Leadership Academy Graduates
Stories . .... . .... . ................ 23 Security First . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... ... 19 12 Guards .................. . .. . . ... 20
Around the Bank: J Building Blooms . .. . 20
February Wooing Women to the Bank; Women October
Q&A with Martiln Paljmans . . . ........... 2 at Work .... . ... . . ... ... .. . ... .. ... . 21 Financing Education in Developing
Development Becomes a Learning Commuter Club Ride-5haring Countries .. . .. ............. . .... ... .. 2
Experience ... .... ......... . ... . . . . . . 6 a Success . ... ..... . .. . . . . . ..... . . .. 22 Dealing with Desertification in West Africa .. 5
Poats Brings Special Background to MIGA Prime Time .. .. ............... ... ..... . 6
Post ......... ... . . . . ....... ... . .. .. 8 June
Annual Meetings in Focus ....... . .. .. . . 8
A Points Trip to Remember .. ..•. . .... .. . 9 A.W. Clausen Talks About The World Bank . . 2
So Others May Eat ................... .. . 9
Headquarters Responds . ....... . . . ..... 10 More Water for Metro Manila .. . ... . ... .. 6
On the Record: Barber B. Conable's Annual
On the Record : Priority Issues on Bolivia's Bolsin: Economic Reform Meetings Address ............ • . . ... 11
The World Bank's Agenda . .. .... . .. . . 11 in Action ...... .............. . ....... 8 Jacques de Larosiere's Annual
Agricultural Policy Reform Is High on the Nurullslam in Bangladesh: A Man with Meetings Address ............... . . . 14
Bank's Agenda ... . . . . . ... . . . .. .... " 13 Many Jobs .......... . . ..... . ..... . . 9 Why U.S. Farm Groups Should Support
Child Care Center Opens in the Fall . ..... 15 Mexican Farmers Expand Their Horizons .. 11 Strengthening Agriculture in the Third
Major Staff Concerns Unchanged . . .... . . 16 Sister Emmanuelle: Helping the Poor World ... .. ... . ..... ........... . . .. 15
Around the Bank: Kirmani Awarded Help Themselves .. . ..... . .. . .. . .. .. . 14 IDA-8 Negotiations Advance ... ... . ... . . 16
Honorary Degree; IPA's 'Sank' Around the Bank: United Way Award; We Can Solve the Problem of Unsafe Water
Honored ... . .. .. . ..... . . . . . ......... 17 Spring Concert; 'Children First' Aim of Now ...........•.... .. . . . . . . ..... 17
Amateur Radio Club Formed; Margaret McNamara Fund Recipient . . 15 Around the Bank: Curtain Going Up on the
Extracurricular; Bank Advisor Theatre Group ...... .. ............. . 19
Immortalized As a Statue . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 SPECIAL REPORT: 40th Anniversary Report.
How It All Began, following page 10. Founders of MIGA Define Agency's
Choral Society Has a Full Calendar; Policies; Oxford Beats Cambridge;
Publications Exhibit in China . .. . .... 19 The Great Smokeout; New Editor
In Tune with Mozart . . . .. . ...... .. .. . . 20 July
for The Bank 's World . . .... .. .. . ... .. 20
1DA-8 Negotiations Begin; Qureshi Notes Meet Barber Conable . ...... . .......... 2
Progress . . . ... . ... ... ... . . ....... . 24 Daniel Defoe: The Fi rsl Project Policy
Analyst? ............. . . . ... . . . . ... . 6 November
March WDR: Agriculture Is Critical to National Victory for the G-IV Coalition . . .. . . .. • .. 2
No One Need Be Hungry ...... . . ... . . .. 2 Growth ............ . ......... ... ... . . 7 COMPASS: The Bank's Own Software . . . . 5
Energy Management is More Than Turning Thinking about Your Future .. . .... . . . . . . 9 In the Eye of the Environmental Storm . .. . 8
Out the Ughts .. . . . . . . . . .... .... .. ... . 6 On the Record: World Bank Operational ITF's Preventive Maintenance Program . . 10
You Don' t Have to Say Goodbye . . . .. .. ... 8 Results-FY1986 ..... .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. 11 On the Record : Resettlement in
IFC to Create Special Mutual Fund ........ 9 Bugs and Bees ... . .... . ... .. . . . "'.' . . 13 Bank-Rnanced Projects .... . ... . . ... . 11
How One Secretary Views Technology . ... 10 Don' t Tell M: James Bond Joins The Information Debate: Problems and
On the Record: Africa's Growing External Bank Staff . ..... . ....... . . . .. . . ... . 14 Prospects .. . . .... . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . 12
Debt Burden and What Must Be Done Kingston Free Zone Means Jobs for Reaching Near and Far . . . .... ........ . 15
to Cope with It •... . .......... . ..... 11 Jamaicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .. 16 Outreach to Voluntary Organizations .. .. 18
The Troubled Economic and Financial Around the Bank: Now . . . and Then ; Awards Music After Hours . . . .... .. .... . . . . . . 19
Situation in Latin America .... . . , . ... 12 for Bank's Vlbrld; Book Project . . . . . ... 18 Around the Bank: Hurry to Buy UNICEF
Development Challenges for East Asian Office Bonnet; learning about Cards; Beckmann Receives Award;
Countries in the '80s . .. .. ... .... .... 14 Safe Travel .. . . . ......... . ... ', ' . . . . . . 19 Please Stay Alive .. . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . 20
How Good Is the Air We Breathe? . . ... . . 15 Recipes from around the World; All that
The Many Faces of CPD .. . ..... .. . , .... 16 August Jazz from Swedish TV News Staff;
Around the Bank: Some Enchanted Two New Departments-and What They And All that Dancing from West Africa . . 21
Evening; Recommended Reading; Mean to You ..... . .. . . . .... . .. . . . . . . 2
ASTD Meeting Focuses on Training, Small Industry Gets a Boost in Mexico . ... 5
Learning . .... . . . . ..... . .. . . . .. . ... . , 19 Sharing Experiences on Adjustment .... 6 December
Club World .... . . . . ....... . ... .. . . . .... 9 All about OED . . . . .. . .. .... . .. .... 2
April On the Record : Supporting Growth In Around the Board Room Table ........ . . 6
Wanted for Africa: Funds to Boost Reforms . . 2 Latin America and the Caribbean A " Who's Who" of the Bank's Board .. . . . . 7
Waiting in the Wings . . ... .. . .. . ....... . . 5 and the Role of the World Bank . ... .... 11 On the Record: Adjustment Efforts in
Perceptions of The World Bank in Togo . .. . 7 Africa's Parliamentarians and Developing Countries . .. ... ... .. ... .. 12
World Debt Tables 1985-86 Population . ..... . . . . . ... . . . . . .. .. . . 13 Domestic Adjustment Policies and
On the Record: Adjustment with Growth in You Don't Have to Be an Executive External Economic Shocks. . . .. . . ... . 14
the Developing Countries: Director to Use the Executive Strategic Planning Sets the Stage for the
A Challenge for the International Directors ' library . ........ , . . . ... . .. 15 Future .. .. . ... . ... . ... .. . .. . . ....... 16
Community . . . ....... . . .. .. . . ... . . . 11 Amanda ........ . . . ... ... ... ... ....... 17 A Feast for the "Holy Family" ..... . ..... 19
Moving Toward Privatization in CAST in Computers ..... . .... . ... . ... .. 18 Around the Bank: Cotts Elected IFMA
Developing Countries ...... . ... . . ... . 13 Around the Bank: Children's Center President; Snow Days; Entertainment
The Bank in 2006: A 'Walt Disney' To Open Sept. 2; Four Bank Nominees from India; Heigh-Ho, They Came
Perspective . . . . .... .. . ....... . . .... 15 Receive Awards; New Chai rperson ; to the Fair . . . .. .. ................. 20
Staff Retirement Plan . . ...... ........ . . 16 McNamara Fellowships ... . ...... . ... 19 An Ex-Smoker's Lament . ... . . . . . . . ... 21
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1987 23
AnswerLine
The purpoSf ofthis column is to answer ence in amounts of termination grant tion is located."
questions ofbroad interest concerning available to staff members remaining Accordingly, the Committee recom-
the World Bank/IFC's policies and in the duty station country and those mended, and the Board approved, dif-
procL'dures. Be,'ousL' of space resettling overseas lies in the origin of ferent entitlements for those remain-
limitations. only questions of wide this benefit. The benefit was intro- ing in the duty station country and
interest can be published. If you have duced in 1979 following the recom- those resettling overseas.
such a question. send it to: Answer- mendations orthe Joint Committee on The statistics req uested are not
Line, The Bank's World, Room D-839. Staff Compensation Issues (the "Kaf- maintained by the Benefits Division
ka Committee"). In making its recom- on an ongoing basis, and are not yet
mendation for this benefit, the Com· available on computer. However, in
Question: Why I. the Bank'. termina- mittee noted: order to respond to this inquiry, the
tion grant benefit (Penonnel Manual "Many organizations, particularly Benefits Division conducted a random
Circular Pen./9/79, June 20, 1979) re- international organizations, recognize sample of 100 eligible staff at Head-
duced by oue-tbird for staff woo remain that the financial impact ofleaving a quarters who left the Bank in the last
wltbln the daty station COIIIItry after job can be serious. The practical diffi- two to three years. Based on this sam-
termination? Also, nat percentage of culties and the costs attendant on re- ple, the percentages are:
eligible aon-U.S. staff based at He.... location may be unexpectedly great Non-U.S. staffwho received a re-
quarters receive a udMud grant on both for expatriates and local nation- duced grant: 36%;
termiDation, and nat percentage of als. They will, however, generally be U.S. staff who received an un-
eligible U.S. staff receive the lIIIHtbu:ed greater for those who settle, on termi- rL'ducedgrant: II %. James A. JonL's,
grant. nation of service, in a'country other Chief, Benefits Division. Compensation
Answer: The reason for the differ- than that in which their last duty sta- Department
As we go to presS . ..
IWUIBR CXIUJIU 011 TIlE IlEOKGAIIIZATIOIf. think this institution is going to have to
During a recent press interview on a range grow. But it will not be permitted to grow
of topics, Mr. Conable answered some unless we can demonstrate we are capable of
questions on the Bank's reorganization: making the tough decisions that are
On whether the direction of the necessary to keep ourselves lean. And so,
restructuring has begun to take place. a very large part of this is to tell our
"I think it is too early.... By the end of member countries that we are capable of
March, the Task Forces will have completed internal reorganization--that we don't have
their work, and we hope the Steering Com- to have imposed on us from outside, via our
mittee will coalesce the various recommen- Board or anybody else, the desire to keep
dations so that, well before the start of the bureaucracy under control here."
the next fiscal year, we will have the goal "87 KlD-YIWl FIIfARCIAL IBSULTS srtIOlfG.
of whatever change is necessary to consoli- The Bank's net income for the first half of
date, rationalize, make more efficient, FY87 was $655 million, topped only by the
make leaner, if that was the decision, of $695 million for the six months ended
the Bank's structure.... The purpose is to December 31, 1985. Major factors for the
have an efficient and responsive Bank, not high income were the Bank's low cost of
just a leaner Bank in itself." borrowing, its large equity base and capi-
On whether the reorganization will result tal gains on its liquid assets portfolio.
in a reduction of personnel. The Bank borrowed the equivalent of $4.9
"My personal view i9 that there will be billion at an average cost of 5.8% in major
some reduction but I don't want to quantify capital markets, compared to $6.8 billion
it. I don't want to get in a situation at 7.25% in the first half of FY86.
where we, in order to force manpower goals, lIAR LOWUS IRTDBST IIATB. The Bank has
have created bottlenecks in the Bank where reduced the interest rate it charges on its
we can't handle the load •••• I personally loans from 8.23% to 7.92%.
The Bank' s W::lrICf. \k.ll 6. No. 1 Published monthly In 'NBShmglon. D.C .. by the Inlormanon and PublIC Alfalrs Departrnenl 01 The W::lrtd Bank lor all employees and rattrees
01 The Wlrld Bank/lnlernauonal Finance Corporation . 1818 H 51 . NW . Aoom 0·839. waShington. D.C. 20433. Ellen TlUtar. Editor. Leandro V Coronal, Associate Editor:
MSllon8 MaSSifSf and Jill Roessner, AsSIstant Editors; Moralhna George. Edltonal ASSistant; Bill Fra.,. DesIgner.