112003 THE WORLD BANK WATER SUPPLY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL NOTE RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION POSSIBILITIES FOR COLLABORATION WITH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS PART ONE: AFRICA JANUARY 1985 MICROFICHE COPY Report No. :11203 Type: (MIS) Title: RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIO Author: INU Ext.: 0 Room: Dept.: JANUARY 1985 Operational Policy Staff Water Supply and Urban Development Department This paper was prepared to guide Bank Staff in the possible participation of NGOs in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Projects. Mr. A. Saravanapavan conceived and directed the study and Messrs. J. Freedman and J. Pettigrew provided assistance and advice. Dz. G.V.V. Rao, Consultant, compiled the information from various sources, organizations and interviews with Bank staff and others having NGO expertise. Dr. Edwin Cobb, Director of the National Demonstration Water Project, and Dr. J.A. Listorti, Consultant, assisted in the final preparation of the paper. Project: G835 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary i The NGO Role in Developing Nations 1 Types of NGOs I Operational Practices 3 The Grass Roots Role of NGOs 4 Previous Experience with NGOs 5 UNDP, UNICEF, WHO Experience 5 World Bank Experience 6 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: Future Potential 6 Bank's lending in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation. 7 The Rural Problem 7 The Need for NGO involvement 8 The Future of Bank-NGO Collaboration: 9 Factors in Cooperation 9 Choice cf NGO 10 Conclusions 11 Recommendations 11 Annexes Annex 1. (i) World Bank Policy Statement on Cooperation with NGOs (English and French) 14 (ii) Central Projects Note 10.05 31 Annex 2. NGO Profiles in Four African 40 Countries Annex 3. List of NGOs Active in Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Africa 49 EXCUTIVR SUMMY Non-governmejtal organizations (NGOs) are private voluntary organizations that operate independently of national governments. NGOs make a sizeable total contribution to the worldwide development effort, usually focusing on relatively small projects serving one or a few comuities. NG0s vary tremendously in terms of staff, program approach, scope of efforts, and mode of operation. Most NGOs have relatively low staff salaries and overheads, make extensive use of volunteer labor, and operate less bureaucratically than governments and international aid agencies. The majority of NG0s work through in-country, intermediate groups and concentrate their efforts directly at the village level, often having project workers living in the community with the people they are helping. Most major bilateral and multilateral funding agencies, including the Bank, have at some point collaborated with NGOs in various types of projects. The Bank has a policy that recognizes the coatributioo that NGOs can make to development efforts and that encourages their livolvement where appropriate in Bank-financed projects. There are possible roles for NG0s in project identification, design, appraisal and financing, Implementation and evaluation. According to the majority of Bank staff wbo have been involved with NGOs In previous projects, the MGO contribution has been a valuable one. The greatest strength of NGOs lies in their ties to rural villages, and it is in these locales that most Bamk-NGO cooperation has occurred. In water supply and sanitation NGO's contribute some $180 million nually - triple the contribution of UNICEF and the Bank's investments in their subsector. However, as yet, very little of it has been in the rural water supply and sanitation sector, even though this is definitely an area in which a grass roots approach to reach the small villages and their inhabitants is needed to complement the work of government entities and donor agencies. Many issues in rural water supply and sanitation development must be dealt with on a personal and house-by-house basis; vilrtually all of them require comaunity-by-community work. Most government entities are not equipped to do this. NGOs, however, excel in working directly with villagers and are uniquely qualified to fill the gap between implementing agency and rural village. Moreover they typically approach projects in an Integrated mnner that looks toward total community development - housing, schools, health, and water supply and sanitation - which seems to be necessary if infrastructure improvement projects are to be successful in the long run in rural ares. Partly because of limited funds, NGOs have developed innovative, low-cost techniques using locally available materials to solve tecbnical problem. - it - Given their wide variety of activities, finding suitable NGOs for collaboration in a Bank-financed project on any given sector should not be difficult. NGOs can clearly make a valuable contribution in community motivation, in the introduction of water supply and sanitation facilities, and in the subsequent proper use, operation and maintenance of the systems. Ideally, NGO participation should coincide with the beginning of the project cycle to maximize the Bank's opportunity to determine the NGO's capability as well as its acceptability to the borrower, and in acting as a liaison between the government entity and the village. Before reaching a decision on NGO involvement in a specific project, answers to certain questions will be needed. - In what sectors are NGOs active in the country? - What NGOs in the country have worked successfully on Bank projects in the country? - What Bank-financed water supply and sanitation projects exist in the country? - What NGOs active in the sector have worked successfully on Bank projects in other countries in the area? The decision to involve any NGO would then be taken on whether NGO participation would Improve the project and if so, whether the NGO can demonstrate that it has the competence to perform the role proposed for it In the project. With reference to Africa, a list of NGOs active in the sector and "NGO profiles' for four countries has been prepared (summarized on following page) to guide project officers in making these decisions. The available evidence confirms the Bank's general policy that NGO contributions in the rural water supply and sanitation sector in Africa should be encouraged in appropriate Bank-financed projects. There are many NGOs which have not worked on Bank projects but are working successfully in rural development in Africa. Such an NGO, if it can demonstrate its competence, could also be considered for a suitable role in a Bank-sponsored water supply and sanitation project. RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION: POSSIBILITIES FOR COLLABORATION WITH NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS PART ONE: AFRICA 1/ An enormous amount of financial and technical aid is being provided to developing nations today as these nations attempt to improve their performance in agriculture, health, education, water and sanitation, and other areas of economic and social development. Much of the assistance is from governmental sources, offered either on a bilateral or multilateral basis. However, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are also heavily involved in development assistance throughout the Third World. The NGO Roles in Developing Nations NGO0 are private voluntary organizations that operate independently of national governments. Most of them are nonprofit groups, funded through individual and corporate donations, foundation grants, grants and contracts from international aid agencies, and from national governments. As a whole, NGOs are characterized by religious or humanitarian motives to help people improve the quality of their lives. There are various types of NGOs with different operational practices, but all of them focus their efforts at the village or community level. Types of NGOs There are essentially two types of NGOs, the national ones, which work exclusively within a country, and the international ones, which work in many countries. Most national NGOs function at the community level to provide voluntary services and obtain funds primarily through grants and donations. It is impossible to determine precisely how many national NGOs there are at any given tine. For example, in India alone about 12,000 are currently working on social service projects. With the exception of Kenya, relatively few national NGOs are operating within Africa. Recent years have seen an increase in the formation of Kenyan youth groups and women's groups working toward the development of more effective social infrastructure. One of the most active is Maendelo Ya Wanawake (Women's Organization) of Kenya, which reportedly is coordinating the efforts of over 5,500 village level groups. 17 It is planned to prepare a similar report (Part II) for selected countries in the South Asia Region. -2- International NGOs either carry out directly or sponsor developmental activities io tbe develop'ng nations; many do both. Their funds usually come from a combination of sources: public contributions, grants, or contracts with other institutions or national governments. Some of the better known international NGOs include CARE and Catholic Relief Services (CRS), both based In the United States; NELVETAS, headquartered in Switzerland; CARITAS of the Vatican, and OXFAM, based in the United Kingdom. There are a number of other distinguishing characteristics of NGOs. Some are institutionally tied to religious groups while others are purely secular organizations. A number of international NGOs, based on a church or a grouping of churches, such as CRS and CARITAS, are built around a local church with its representative acting as the catalyst. While religious in orientation, moet international religious NGOs sponsor projects for the entire community, although funding typically goes to projects originated by their local church affiliates. Similarly, national NGOs in some countries are based upon grass-root level church groups, such as the National Christian Council of Kenya, which may act as a clearinghouse for cowmunity-initiated projects to be funded by outside donors. Secular NGOs, despite their lack of an obvious community-based rallying point, such as a church, also have strong grass roots organizational capabilities. They sometimes have a local affiliate or local office, such as CARE/India, but most ofteo they work through local formal and informal institutions such as women's groups and youth clubs. Secular NG08 have humanitarian goals and help to channel ldividual and institutional contributions into community-based projects in the developing world. k few NGOs focus almost exclusively on relief as opposed to development activities. The most obvious example of a relief-oriented NGO is the Red Cross, known for its quick and effective response to emergencies or natural disasters. The more common pattern, houver, is to combine relief and development activities. For example, OXFAM which began as a relief organization, has expanded its mission to include development. In 1982-83, OXFAM spent UK 11.9 million pounds in 72 countries on 1,550 projects; the majority developmental in nature. A final Important area in which NGOs differ is size - both of the organizations themselves and of the projects they sponsor. NG0s range in size from very large with thousands of staff members, such as CARS, to very 8smll with only a handful of full-time personnel. Generally, the NGOs focus on relatively small projects serving one or a - 3 - few proximate communitese. bowever, the more sizeable NGOs have a large number of such small projects so that in the aggregate, their effortb are substantial. NGOs based in Europe and North Ameri^a slove are estimated to spend approximately US$3,000 million annually, a much larger contribution to the development process than many bilateral donors. In the water supply and sanitation sector alone NGOs contribute about US$180 million annually, or about triple that of UNICEF, the most active United Nations agency In this sectoro Swimlarly, this amount is about three times the yearly Bank lending program iD rural water supply and sanitation. Operational Practices The range of annual budgets, staff size, projects, scope of effort, and mode of working of NGOs is tremendous, making generalizations difficult. For eamople, CAM, with expenditures in excess of US$280 mllion in 1983, carries out development programs in 37 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East using three-way partnership contracts amoDg CARE, private or national governmet agencies and the local community. AFRICARE, on the other hand, with a 1983 budget slightly over US$3.5 million, directly provides mobile medical units sad village-based health services, refugee assistance, and agricultural equipment and trsainng to seven African nations. Some GOs, such as the National Councal for International Bealth (NCIR), provide information and a forum for communication among their members to improve project deslgn and Implementation. Others, ibke Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA),provide information exchange and on-site technical assistance. Most, but not all, NGOs have some technical assistance and engineering capability, but this varies enormously In quality and quantity. It is probably safe to make a few generalizations about NGO management and utilization of resources. First, overbeads and staff salaries tend to be relatively low; given their humanitarian purposes, it is not surprising that the vast majoritr of funds go directly into program costs rather than into administration and management. Often, national NGOs have a substantial complement of volunteer labor. In 1983, for example, data from US&ID (*Voluotary Foreign Aid Programs, 1982-83," Bureau for Food for Peasce and Voluntary Assistance) show the 167 NGOS registered with them reported spending about 801 of their funds on overseas program costs with about 71 devoted to administration and management. The remaining funds were expended on domestic programs and fund-raising in the U.S. Second, EOs generally operate less bureaucratically than mwltilateral and bilateral donor organizations. This is partially a function of staff size (and is less true in the - 4 - larger organizations) and partially a function of the types of projects NGOs pursue; in small, discrete, community-basied efforts, the typical phases of project identification, appraisal, feasibility study, and design can often be compressed. An additional factor Is the historical or current focus of many NG0a on swift, efficient response to emergency relief situations. To some extent, size determines the two basic styles in which international NGOs work in the developing countries. Many of the larger organizations, such as CARE and Save the Children, maintain large staffs with a full array of technicians such as engineers, agronomists and economists. Most often, they carry out projects directly, acting as the project implementers themselves rather than working through a local agency or institution. Other organizations, including some large ones such as Catholic Relief Services, maintain a small core staff and work through in-country, intermediate groups which may themselves be national NGOs. In this style of operation, the goals of a project are often two-fold: first, to complete the specific project at hand, and, secondly, to build capability into the local organization for independent action on subsequent projects. In this mode, the NGO may not itself provide the needed technical assistance, but it will ensure that the local group knows about and has access to such assistance. Some international, and most national, NGOs have project workers actually living with the people in the community they are helping. Even where not the case, the bulk of international UGO staff are located in the developing nations. Out of a total staff of 1200, for example, CRS has only about 200 people in New York headquarters, the rest overseas. The Grass Roots Role of NGOs The large majority of NGOs are community-based, i.e., either located directly in the community or working through local institutions. The bulk of NGO projects are carried out at the local level in accordance with the perceived needs of the inhabitants: health, education, rural and urban development, and sector development such as agriculture, and water and sanitation, generally using self-help techniques in project design and implementation. Many development projects fail not because they do not address real needs, or because they are poorly designed and implemented, but because the projects did not involve the community and educe their commitment to the project. Obtaining this grassroots approval of a project is very difficult and frequently not feasible for national governments, multilateral and bilateral donor organizations. However this is one important area in which NGOs are uniquely qualified and, as a rule, excel. Because of their familiarity to the local residents and their knowledge of the community, NGOs often play a valuable part in communLty organization, fostering comunnity participation, developing and creating support for project plans, identifying the need for and helping carry out community education, and ensuring that needed operation and maintenance tasks are carried out. NGO participation In development activities is not limited to these roles; many NGOs carry out projects from beginling to end, including design and cnstruction * Boever, it is at the village level that NGOO have a definite contribution to make, and it Is this contribution that can make the difference between long-run success and failure of a project. Previous Experience with NGOO Almost all of the major bilateral and multilateral funding agencies have at some point collaborated with NGOs in developing and implementing projects. Some agencies have had broader experience than others and some, such as USAID, have institutionalized arrangements with NGOs. UNDP, UNICEF, WHO Experience Although nearly all UN agencies have had experience with NGOs, the experience of UNDP, UNICEF and WHO are particularly relevant.As one of its significant efforts, UNDP organized national bodies in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka to coordinate NGOs and national and international agencies involved in the promotion of water supply and sanitation activities. These coordinating bodies act as "switchboards' for anyone interested in knoving more about or working with NGOs in a specific area on water and sanitation projects. UNICEF has a long history of collaborating with individuals and private organizations. At UNICEF headquarters, an NGO consultative committee with accredited representatives of NGOs works closely with UNXCEF's functional divisions in headquarters and the field. The water supply and sanitation sector is the largest and fastest growing of UNICEF program sectors. UNICEF spent US$60 million (28% of the total) on this sector in 1982. The country offices of UNICEF have considerable autonomy in making agreements with NGOs, a fact that facilitates NGO cooperation with UNICEF. UNICEF also publishes a list of 'noted' proposals by various assistance categories, including water and sanitation. Several NGOs "adopt" these proposals as projects and tbean work closely with UNICEF in their execution. WHO makes its publications available to NGOs and can provide technical assistance at all levels from headquarters to field projects. In collaboration with other agencies, WHO has published a catalogue of external support, a listing of all major aid organizations active in the water supply and sanitation area. -6- World Bank Experience Bank experience with NGO0 dates back to 1975. Not until 1980 did the Bank expand its work with these groups; in 1982 the Bank formulated a policy on cooperation with NOOS and issued CPN 10.05 (see Annex 1). Bank policy recogpizes the valuable contribution NGOs can make to projects in areas relatively new to the Bank where NGOs have traditionally been active. Noting that Bank-financed projects have involved all types and all sizes of Noos, largely successfully, the Bank policy does not establish any special requirements for NGOs to qualify for cooperative involvement in a Bank-sponsored project. The only requirement is that the NGO should have demonstrated its competence in performing the role it proposes to assume in a Bank-sponsored effort. While the policy invites NGOs to participate in Bank proje:ts at any phase and ln any suitable manner, with the "demonstrated capability" parameters, it suggests activities throughout the project cycle that would lend themselves to NGO Involvement: identification, desigp, appraisal and financing, implementation, and evaluation. 1G00 have been mostly involved in the fields of nutrition, family planning, health and vocational training, and some other project activities. Between 1975 and 1983, seventy-five projects financed by the Bank involved NGOs of all types, covering a wide range of project sectors. NGO participation was achieved through receiving a grant or loan from the government out of the proceeds of a Bank loan; acting as a contractor; carrying out parallel activities in cooperation with a Bank project; acting as a consultant to the goverument or the community; and parallel financing of projects. The initial phase of the Bank's evaluation of increased cooperation with NGOs has been successfully completed. During this phase, the Bank developed its policy on NGO coordination, established a. network for inforeation exchange and consultation, developed models for country/sector reviews, and set up a mechanism within the Bank to monitor Bank-NGO cooperation at the project level. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: Future Potential Although the Bank and NGOs have collaborated in rural projects, where the strengths of and need for NGO assistance are greatest, very little has occurred in the area of rural water supply and sanitation. However, several factors suggest this a fertile area for future cooperation. -7- Bank's Lending for Water Supply and Sanitation The Bank began financing water supply and sanitation projects in 1961. Since then, lending for the sector has risen from less than US$1O milllon In 1962 to US$630.0 million in 1984. Lending has been heavily urban-oriented, with oory 112 of the total for water supply and sanitation devoted to rural areas (see Table 1). In the early years, it was decided to start with urban water supply programs because it was felt that the greatest number of people could be reached in the shortest possible time and suitable institutions could be strengthened and developed to continue the work. At a later date, as progress was made in the urban areas, attention was to be given to smsller communities and rural areas, progressively, without neglecting problems in rural areas. As a result of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade, the developing nations re-examined their water supply and sanitation problems and msany prepared national action programs. Virtually all of these national programs contemplate increased commitments to rural water supply and sanitation. This is a major undertaking since worldwide about 80% of the population live in the rural areas and about 70Z of these lack adequate safe vater. This new commitment is being reflected In the Bank's lending for the sector, tilting it mwre towards rural water supply and sanitation. The Rural Problem Attempts to Improve the quality of rural life are often hindered by the nature of the population itself: often Illiterate, scattered in thousands of villages, small clusters of homes, and even roving bands of nomads. Most of them do not understand the need for safe water supply. Innumerable sources of water nust be developed or improved. Money and skills are less available In rural than urban areas. Rural areas frequently lack institutional infrastructure or even informal community organizations to promote the development and eventual use of improved facilities. To ensure success, community organizations must be developed sad assisted to obtain and manage village-level projects, and it is here that NGOs can provide valuable coaplementary participatioo. It is not enough to provide only water; other aspects of project development such as hygiene education, shelter improvement and sanitation facilities also demand attention. These latter issues require intensive attention: not only coimunity-by-community, but also house-by-house and person to person. Multiple direct contacts are needed between the staff of the agency implementing the project benefitting comamnity and its inhabitants. -8- Most government agencies such as the Ministries of Health or of Public Works, however, are not equipped to do this on a large enough scale. They are limited in staff, travel funds, and overall budgets. Further complicating the matter government officials, based in urban centers, encounter difficulty gaining the trust and confidence of distant local villagers, and lack an appreciation of the administrative, technical and financial difficulties involved in providing water supply and sanitation facilities at an affordable cost and acceptable technology to several thousand villages. There is often no policy frawework or national strategy. II. zural areas the proper operation and maintenance of water systems is especially weak. If the community is involved, particularly through a locally active NCO, from concept to construction, it is more likely that the facilities will be better operated and maintained as being the villagers' own property. Even in ongoing projects, NGO involvement may be helpful in motivating and educating the community about operation and maintenance. One estimate puts the number of village water systems in disrepair, due to inadequate operation and maintenance, at 502. The high capital costs of construction will not be justified unless their continuous use is assured. If a large number of existent systems are inoperative, one might consider a rehabilitation and consolidation project with NGO assistance to ensure proper operation and maintenance after rehabilitation. Another major weakness in rural areas is the carrying out of sanitation programs involving, first, the planning, installation, and proper use of household excreta disposal facilities such as pit privies and, second, related health education support. There are individual Installations to be decided upon and used by families and require that householders are well informed and guided by those responsible for the program. Many such programs have had limited success or have failed after a fairly good start. Several reasons have been advanced for these failures, but the most important of all appears to be the failure to understand the villagers' needs and priorities, to plan the program carefully, and to provide direct advice and support on a continuing basis. All of these factors combine to make the rural water supply and sanitation problem a particularly difficult one. Specialized knowledge and expertise, both human and technical, have to be mobilized for successful rural projects. The Need for NGO Itnvolvement Serving rural areas better with water and sanitation facilities seems almost tailor-made for NGO involvement. NGOs can play a useful role in building community support for improved facilities, in ensuring that community desires and perceived needs are addressed by the project design, in organizing comwunity residents to provide - 9 - construction assistance and to carry out fund-raising activities, io guaranteeing that operation and maintenance plans are feasible and that tasks are actually carried out, and in developing hygiene education programs to teach people how and why to use the improved facilities. The combination of strong local ties, an integrated approach to community development issues, and commitment to workable low-cost alternatives that characterize many NGOs makes them an excellent candidate for active participation in and cooperation with rural water and sanitation projects financed by the Bank. The Future of Bank-NGO Collaboration Although there may be difficulties for Bank-NGO cooperation on water and sanitation projects, these initial obstacles can be overcome, and there will be many opportunities for fruitful collaborative efforts. Factors in Cooperation An important factor is the degree of lack of technical expertise at the disposal of the NGO. For example, OXFAM has designed water and sanitation components for use in refugee camps and disaster relief operations and HELVETAS is assisting with design and construction of village water supply in Lesotho. These activities are carried out by persons who are technically well-qualified and who work in the field side-by-side with the local staff acting on the spot as consulting eugineers do. However, not all NGOs have technicians aLd engineers readily available. They rather have valuable assets in building community support for rural projects. The required technicians and engineers can be provided in the project which would benefit from the complementary expertise. Training materials are available that NWO personnel can use in learning basic rural water supply and sanitation hardware techniques. The Bank and USAID have developed training modules that NGOs can use in carrying out field-level water and sanitation projects. VITA has published a wealth of handbooks to be used by anyone with basic education and aptitude. It is probable that questions of technical capacity have been a factor in discouraging NGO involvement in water-sanitation efforts up to this point. Such questions should continue to be raised, but they should be resolved on a case-by-case basis as discussed earlier. The relatively small size of the projects carried out by the NGOO is perceived by some as a probleme However, it is not intended for the NGOs to operate on a larger scale than they are accustomed, but to join their efforts with the Bank project and assist in a part of it. This will complement the national efforts. - 10 - Another problem, often cited and frequently exaggerated, is ideological bias. To be sure, some NGOs espouse reformist, even radical, goals as champions of the poor and disadvantaged. This is sometimes perceived as giving a political-ideological orientation to their activity. In practice, whatever their platform pronouncements, NGOs are result-oriented, Long-run, utopian goals influence their decisions far less than short-run practical needs. This provides an ample basis for establishing working relationships with both national governments and international agencies. In fact, representatives of NGOs are sometimes better accepted and have easier access to the authorities than bilateral and UN agency representatives. In several African countries - Lesotho, for example - the educational and health Infrastructure established by NGOs comprises a major element of the country's program, particularly in rural areas. Finally, there is the question of NGOs as appropriate loan recipients of loan funds. In Bank-financed projects, the official contract can be between the borrower (government or its agency) and the NGO concerned with the knowledge and approval of the Bank. The Bank has also made direct loans to NGOs with the guarantee and approval of the government, as in the First Sites and Services Project (Loan No. 10501S) in E1 Salvador. Choice of NGO The choice of EGO depends on the scope of work to be done under a Bank-financed project. There could be NGOs already working at the village level to Introduce both water supply and sanitation facilities, commonly as part of an integrated community development project (hardware and software). Some NGOs may specialize in health education, hwuan resourcee development and community motivation (software). They can perhaps be used to do that part of work, while the villagers, contractors, and government workers are responsible for the construction of facilities (hardware). Some NGOs are active in providing technical assistance and training (including to other NGOs) and, if the scope of the project permits, that may be the best way to use them. Ideally, collaboration with an NGO would start at the very beginning of the project cycle - project identification - to determine the capability of the NGO, its possible degree of involvement, and its acceptability to the government. At this stage, planning could include a preliminary definition of functions and scope of work together with cost estimates. Local NGOs can be very useful in interpreting these early ideas across the cultural lines that undoubtedly exist between the Bank project officer and even, surprisingly but very commonly, between the often urban-oriented government agency representatlves and the community representatives. 1* - 11 - Although the project identification stage is the most desirable time to start NGO involvement, useful contributions can be made by NGOs at other stages, and it is worthwhile talking to the NGOs active in a country at any stage of a project. Most of the discussion thus far has assumed an NG0 acting as a participating agency in a Bank-financed project; other modes of collaboration are possible, e.g., the NGO co-financing parts of a Bank project, the Bank financing a new element in an NGO ongoing activity, or replicating it in adjoining areas. An example of this mode is the complementary provision of water supply and sanitation facilities to villages where an N00 is working to develop rural housing and village-based ancilliary industries. This type of financing was done in the Small Rural Operations Project (Credit No. 991 SE) in Senegal. CARITAS Senegal has an ongoing program to develop small irrigated areas pumping water from boreholes to the areas to be irrigated. CARITAS had sunk the boreholes, and IDA funds were used to buy pumps for completing the facilities. To ensure proper installation, CARITAS was asked to manage the installation and commissioning of the pumps. Conclusions The available evidence Indicates that NGO participation in appropriate Bank-financed water supply and sanitation projects should be encouraged, beginning with Africa and probably in other regions. As it increases its efforts to deal with rural water and sanitation problems, the Bank can take advantage of the grass roots expertise characteristic of NGO. In particular, these organizations can help to maximize community support for and involvement In Bank-financed projects and make it more likely that the facilities developed will be properly used and adequately maintained. The water supply and sanitation needs of developing nations are great, and these needs cannot be met unless as many resources as possible are mobilized, used efficiently and count with the participation of the people themselves. Non-governmental organizations, in appropriate projects, can be a valuable resource. Recommendations Given the nature of rural water supply and sanitation projects, the best place to decide on the extent of Bank-NOO collaboration is at the field level; the best person to make such judgments is the project officer, in consultation with the borrower. In order to make sound judgments, the project officer should be prepared to answer certain key questions in regard to NGOs In a specific country. The answers to these questions constitute a 'profile' of NGO involvement in water supply and sanitation in that country. The most basic question - will NGO participation improve the development of the project? - must be answered on a project-by-project basis. Clearly, N1O involvement is not an end in itself but a means to - 12 - enhance certain Important aspects of a project. If an investment seems secure without third party arrangements, there is no reason to complicate the situation. If NGO involvement seems advantageous, an "NGO profile " can be prepared based on the following: - In what sectors are NGOs active in the country? - What Bank-financed water supply and saoitation projects exist in the country? - What NG0s in the country have worked successfully on Bank projects In the country? - What NGOs active in water supply and sanitation in the country have worked successfully on Bank projects in other countries? To illustrate the development of NGO profiles, material has been assembled for four countries in Africa and is presented in detail in Annex 2. Project officers will probably wish to add more detail when they focus on individual countries. To assist in this process, Annex 3 provides a country-by-country list of NGOs active in the water supply and sanitation sector in Africa. Numerous NGOs are already active in Africa, and a number of these previously worked successfully on Bank projects in sectors other than water supply and sanitation and with other international and bilateral aid agencies. Project and program officers should be encouraged to develop NGO profiles for individual countries so that the Information they provide could be used by other sector departments in the Bank. - 13 - ANNEX 1 (i) WORLD BAN POLICY STATEMENT ON COOPEITION WITH NGOS (English and French) (ii) CENTRAL OJECTS NOTE 10.05 - 14 - ANNU 1 Page 1 of 17 COOPERATION BETWEEN THE WORLD BANK AND NON- R NTAL OGAIZATIONS Bascround Non-governmental organizations and voluntary organizatioDs (both referred to as NGOs in this note) have long been involved in assisting populatioos of developlg countries to Improve their standards of living and their productivity. Health, education, rural and urban development and Informal sector development have been the areas of concentration of religious and lay associations, private foundations, cooperatives and credit unions. Labor unions, chambers of commerce, research institutions, universities or public interest groups are not the primary subject of this note, although they may also engage in development activities and serve.as agents for the spread of development information in the Industrialized countries. With the increased emphasis given by The World Bank to poverty-oriented projects, Bank lending operations have progressively moved into areas in which NGOs have traditionally been involved. This has led to a keener appreciation of the complementarity between projects financed by the Bank and those originated, executed and/or financed by EGOs, indigenous or expatriate. The NGO contribution to development has also gained recognition among governments. Under Bank procedures, It is the borrower (normally the government) which carries out the project financed by the Bank, and it is not the Bank but the borrower (or an agency designated by the borrower) which contracts for any consultancies or other services required. Governments and government agencies may inflpence or be otherwise concerned with NGO development activities which parallel a Bank-financed project. WNh Os? NGOs have a unique understanding of local institutions and of the socio-cultural eavironment and therefore can make a valuable contribution to project design. They usually have better access than most government agencies and commercial consulting firms to the project population, by reason of their familiarity with local conditions, greater administrative flexibility and network of members, correspondents and followers at the district or village level. NGOs are often able to promote and implement low cost technologies, as well as to facilitate changes in life styles or work habits of the project population* Ofte, N,GOs have resources to support activities parallel to the mail project and directed to the same target populations and may, on occasion, meet unforeseen needs arising during Implementation of large-scale projects. EGO. often pioneer development, undertaking pilot projects that can be replicated. NGOs work at low cost: they are funded largely by charitable contributions and staffed by volunteers. In any case, they do not seek to make a profit. nEOs may also have special professional know-how not readily found in commercial enterprises. - 15 - ANNEX 1 Page 2 of 17 A number of instances of Bank-NGO cooperation have occurred in recent years (see Box 1). In 1980, the Bank initiated systematic efforts to expand operational cooperation with NG08. Bank staff were encouraged to look for opportunities for such cooperation and to bring these to the attention of governments and of appropriate agencies in borrowing countries; exchanges of information with NGOs were expanded; sectoral workshops were conducted with participation of major NGOs; in 1981, at the request of several NGOs, a Bank-NGO committee was organized with the function, among others, of considering ways to expand cooperation and to evaluate their effectiveness. Which NGOs? Bank-financed projects have involved, variously, NGOs from both developing and developed countries (with and without a local correspondent in the borrowing country), program NGOs that carry out long-term country programs with their own funds, service-type NGOs that provide services under contract, and both lay and religious organizations. There are no special requirements for cooperation with the Bank. But, since cooperation is operational, the NGO must have demonstrated its ability to perform the role it would assume in association with the project. What kind of Association? The basic objective of the Bank, and hence of the projects it finances, is to help its developing country members to accelerate their economic growth and increase the economic opportunities of their populations, through an increase in productivity, thus raising the standard of living. From their inception, Bank-financed projects go through several stages. This 'project cycle' consists of five main phases: identification, design, appraisal and, after approval by the Bank's Executive Directors, Implementation and evaluation. NGOs can relate to the project at any stage of the cycle. They may become involved directly in the Bank-financed project. Or, they may design their own activities so as to exploit the complementarities with the Bank-financed project. Following are illustrations of typical NGO roles i the various phases of the project cycle: - identification: source, or sponsor, of project ideas, leader in experimentation or in pilot-size investment projects; source of individual expertise 1/ for project identification or reconnaissance work (see Box 2); - design: consultant to the government, to local communities, or to the Bank; informal source of experience and data to project designers, be they government personnel, Bank staff or private consultants (see Box 3).; 1/ An NGO interested in working as a consultant on a Bank-financed project is eligible for a contract award only if it meets the standards and follows the procedures established by the 'Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers and by the World Bank as Executing Agency' (August 1981). - 16 - ANNEX 1 Page 2 of 17 appraisal and financing: member of appraisal mission, co-financier (iD money or in kind) for a project component, source of funds for activities complementary to the proposed Bank-financed project (see Box 4); implementation: project beneficiary receiving a government grant or loan out of Bank financing, to implement part of the Bank-financed project; contractor or manager, engaged by the government and financed from loan proceeds; adviser to individuals or local communities on how to take advantage of project-financed goods or services (such as credits); supplier of technical knowledge to local beneficiaries; independent partner implementing activities complementary to the Bank-financed project (see Box 5); evaluation: agency for monitoring project progress or evaluating project results (see Box 6). Factors in Cooperation There are obvious and substantial differences in scale between NGO activities and projects financed by the Bank. There will inevitably be situations in which these differences will preclude direct Involvement of an NGO in a Bank-financed project. But it is also obvious from the examples cited above that accommodation can be feasible. Considerations bearing on the possibility and potential effectiveness of cooperation will vary from country to country, from time to time and from sector to sector. Mutual perceptions play an Important part. NGOs often see the government or the Bank as unduly complex and slow in their procedures; NGOs may be seen as insufficiently structured and too concerned with short-term objectives. The Bank and its borrowers are often criticized for excessive reporting requirements; NGO's accountability and project evaluation are often judged insufficient. NGOs criticize large projects sponsored by governments and financed by the Bank for taking an abstract or top-down approach; NGOs are faulted for lack of continuity and diffusion of their activities. Generalizations are not useful in this matter, It is only case by case that the possibility of finding a comon ground among the government, the NGO and the Bank can be ascertained. So far, the number of instances in which Bank-NGO operational cooperation was attempted and did not proceed satisfactorily are a fraction of the number in which it succeeded. - 17 - ANNEX 1 Page 4 of 17 Conclusion NGO capability for promoting development and mobilizing resources for development purposes, through self-help and private initiative, is well recognized. The Bank's experience suggests that there is considerable scope for increased mutual support between N60 programs and Bank-financed projects in the sectors of urban and rural developmeot, health and nutrition, education, small-scale enterprise development and, more generally, In the oiocial sector. Bank borrowers are being encouraged to invite qualified NG0s to participate In the preparation and implementation of Bank-financed projects or engage in activities parallel to a project, whenever to do so would be consistent with the operational priorities of the particular NG0 itself, The Bank welcomes suggestions from NGOO regarding opportunities for cooperation, made either in approaches to the agency of government involved in the specific project or to appropriate Bank staff. Development of operational cooperation will be kept under review In the Bank, with continuing search for the most effective and practical ways to proceed. Washington July 1982 - 18- ANNEX 1 Page 5 of 17 BOX 1: NCO CASE STUDIRS In the period 1975-82, NGms were in some way associated with 75 Bank-financed projects. Of the 46 N6Os involved, about one-third were religious organizations io both developed and developing countries;l/ of the lay organizations, half were based im developed and half iD developing countries. By sector, the 75 projects were spread as follows: agriculture, 40X, urban development, 13X, transportation, 12X, education, 112, smell-scale industry and finance, 92, population, health and nutrition, 9X; rural electrification, 52 and technical assistance, 12e In almost one-quarter of the cases, the NGO was a recipient of a loan or a grant from the government out of the proceeds of a Bank loan. But in an equal number of cases the NGO was a contractor. In 201, it was the source of activities parallel or complementary to Bank-financed projects; in 182, it was consultant to the government or the project beneficiaries. NMOs were also co-finvaciers in funds or in kind, sources of information, consultants to the Bank, and sub-borrowers. Sometimes the NCO served In more than one capacity. NGOs were most active in association with the fields of nutrition, family planning and health, 26%, and in non-formal and vocational training, 202. They ware also involved in institution-building, 15X; extension services, cooperatives and credit, 15Z; and project identification, preparation and evaluation, 11X. To a more limited extent, they were engaged in community mobilization; construction of housing, schools, road and wells; and promotion of appropriate technology. BOX 2: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION ROos active in Kenya contributed their knowledge and encouragement in the project preparation stage. Later, several (Family Planning Association of Kenya, Kenya Catholic Secretariat, Maendeleo ya Wanawake, National Christian CoUDcil of Kenya, Protestant Churches Medicl Association and Salvation Army) participated in the execution of the project's maternal-child health care and family planning component. Two local NGO representatives sit on the five-member executive committee of the National Council which guides the information and education program included in the project. First Madras Urban Development Project - India A local NGO, the Swallows of India, operates a pilot urban medical center set up as part of the project and contributes staff and 1/ Local chapters of organizations headquartered in developed countries have been counted as LDC GOOs. - 19 - ANNEX 1 Page 6 of 17 medical equipment. Three additional medical centers are to be operated by a local NGO under the Second Madras Urban Development Project. BOX 3: PRDJECT DESIGN Rural Electrification - Egypt, Jamaica, YemeD National Rural Electrification Cooperative Association (URECA) has acted as consultant to the borrower tn several lank-financed projects. The consultancies concerned: organization of distribution companies and accounting under Shoubrah E1 Kheima Thermal Power Project in Egypt; management and labor relations under the Second Power Project in Jamaica; rural electrification under the Power Distribution Project in the Yemen Arab Republic, providing the basis for the subsequent Regional Electrification Project; detailed engineering and institutional and operational strengthening of the executing agency under the Regional Electrification Project. Third Agricultural Credit Project - Kenna A staff member of Agricultural Cooperative Development International (ACDI), acting as consultant to the Government of Kenya, prepared a reorganization plan for the credit appraisal department of the Agricultural Finance Corporation, the project Implementing agency. Kwango Kwilu Technical Assistance Project - Zaire Several church-affiliated NGOs active in Zaire in the project area, including the Bureau Diocesain de Developpement, the Mouvement du Progres Populaire and the Programe Agricole Protestant, provided significant information in the project preparation phase. The project provides for financing of farmer training and other extension work by NGOs. Technological Contributions - Indonesia, E1 Salvador, Kampuchea NGO-developed techniques were applied in the construction of rainwater catcbment tanks in the Yogyakarta Rural Development Project in TIdonesia, in self-help housing construction In El Salvador and for handpUmps in water supply in Kampuchea (under a UIDP project in which the Bank and OXFAN are ssociated). BOX 4: PROJECT FINANCING Second Education Project - Liberia US CARE met part of the cost of the project's school construction component . In addition, it managed the school construction - 20 - ANNEX 1 Page 7 of 17 and assisted in the streDgthening of local capability to Implement small-scale construction and to develop self-help programs at local level, Lusaka Squatter Uprgading and Sites and Services Project - Zambia The American Friends Service Committee prepared and Implemented a training program for community development workers included in the project, providing professional services, training materials, equipment and vehicles. Rural Development Project - Haiti Volunteers of the Association Francaise des Volontaires du Progres finance agricultural extension activities and carry out field trials under the project. Maritime Rural Development Project - Togo CARITAS funded a credit program for smallholders, thereby preventing a shortfall in credit assistance to the beneficiaries of the project. Yogyakarta Rural Development Project - Indonesia YIS, an Indonesian NGO, managing a component of the project, provided transport facilities - at no cost to the project - to deliver urgently needed construction materials. BOX 5: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION First and Second Small- and Medium-Scale Enterprise Projects - Cameroon The Association pour la Formation des Cadres de l'Industrie et de l'Administration (AFCA) assisted in the training of small entrepreneurs and in advising the former traineees on management and investment as part of the first project, under contract with a Cameroonian Government Agency. Within the second project, AFCA will give advice on setting up artisanal association for bulk purchases of raw materials and sale of finished products. Employment Creation Project - Niger The Fund for Research and Investment for the Development of Africa, Ltd., (FRIDA) was engaged by a Nigerian Government Agency to supervise training and production at the Artisan Center and three satellite centers supported by the project. FRIDA also agreed to purchase a substantial share of the project output for marketing abroad. - 21 - ANNEX 1 Page 8 of 17 Bducation Projects - Haiti Parellel to the first education project, US CARE agreed with the Minietry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development to establish nutrition centers and demonstration gardens adjacent to project schools. Cooperation was continued under the secood project and similar involvement is envisaged for the third. Nutrition Development Project - Indonesia PKK, a local women's association, organized systematic gatherings at which to disseminate information under the project. Road Matntenance Training - Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Upper Volta, Zaire The Organiation for Rehabilitation through Training has been employed by borrowers to implement project-related training included in lank-financed projected. BOX 6: PROJECT EVALUATION Village Irrigation Rehabilitation Project - Sri Lanka The Freedom from Hunger Campaign - Sri Lanka will be involved in one of three evaluation studies funded by the project. It will organize general agricultural information collected by government agencies, thereby providing the necessary background material for evaluative studies by the University of Paradeniya. Small- and Medium-Scale Eaterprise Project - Liberia Partnership for Productivity (PfP) will assist in the development of the National Investment Codmission (NIC), financed by the project. In sddition to developing a monitoring system for NIC's field program, PfP will test approaches for assisting small-scale enterprises, assist in recruiting, training and organizing extension officers, train new staff of NIC's Small- and Mediur-Scale Enterprise Department and organize workshops for small entrepreneurs. ANNEX 1 Page 9 of 17 LA COOPf,= Wm LA , U UDIL Z US NoR saxONSs NOv Los organsationn gouern tale t lea organisations bnwvoles (touts ddou regroupAes dans ce document sous le sigle ONG) aidont depuis longtw*s lea populatios des pays en dAveloppemt I smliorer leur aiveau de vla et lour proauctivit6. Lee associations religusas at la!ques, lea fondatios piv6ea, lea coopGratives et les mtusles de crSdit out fait porter mrtut lurs effors ar la sant6, 1'6ducation, le dAwlop- pemet ruzal et urbain at le diveloppemnot du secteur mou structurG. on no I attardoa pa. pV riclira daza co docunt 'our le rle des syndicats, ch rod cd e, tatuts de recherche, universits ou group.. d'int6r6t officials qui peuvwnt Agslomet proud:e part A do. activitAs do dteloppment et aider t fair connattre lea problames de d6veloppement dam Ise pays Wudutrialiesa. Depuls quo la Banque tondlale accord un. plus large place A des projets de lutto contra la pauvrat6, ass op6ratious do prtt out do plus en plus abor& des doma:ns dam losquols las ONG ont tritiello t jou an rOl actif, co qul a permi. do mdieu voir Is o mentarit des projets flecXs par la Baque at de ceuz conSus, rialisAs et/ou fivanc6s par las g, qua cafllas-ci alt leur sifte dam 1e pays ou I l'Strangor In outre, ia contribution des ONG au dEveloppoment eat d1sormais reconnu A is juste valeur par las Gouvervements. Salon lee procEdures de la Banque, 11 lacombe fA l'Emprunteur (noalnt 1 Gouvret) dexacuter 1. projet f4manci par is Banque, at c'est a l'kprunter (ou a l'agence qu'il dhsipe ft catta fin) at nou f la que qulil macomba do s'asurer, sous contrat, lee services de conAultants ou autre services nECesires ft 1'oxcutio du projet. Los Gouverusuents at lea servic8s publics peuvent Influaner les activitis do dealoppt d. ONG qul sont perallles f un projet financE per is Banque, ou sy intgresser do toute autre fagon. Poquoi cstta cooSr4rtlog avec des ONG? Les OG comaissent aus quo quiconque lts Institutions locales et le miliu socia-culturel at peuvent done 8tre d'un pricteux concours lors do ia conceptio d'un projet. n lour oat on gSnral. plus facile qu'ft la plupart des services publics ou des bureau: d'1tudes privEs d'Etablr le contact avoc la population do la zone du projet, car elles sont tras au courat do is situation locales, font preuvo d'une grde aflanbilitE adAi- nistrative at disposent de tout un rEseau do meabr, de corspondants et d'affilUs au nivoa du district ou du vilAge. Los O(MG rtussissent souvnt a promouvoir et mattre en oouvze des techologies ban marchE at ft faciliter l'adaptation do p do nouveaux modas do via oa de nouveose babitudes do travail. Los OQ dlsposent souvant de ressoutcos laur permattant do finaucr dos activitla pnralAles au projet principal at s'adavsaaut A la _ms population acble, at do pourwoft6ventuallemnt ft des besoms laprEvus, -23- ANNEX 1 Page 10 of 17 survenaut au cours de la ralsation de projets de grande envergure. los ONG font souvent oeuvre do porniors en mat iAre de d6veloppAment, notamment lorsqu'elles entreprennent des projets pilotes susceptible. d'ttre rip6t6a ailleurs. Lea ONG out peu do ftais : leurs ressources proiet e grade partie de cotrlbutions & des oeuvres de bienfaisace et leur personnel set bEnEvole. De touts fagon, 11* a 'exercent pas d'activitEs A but lucratif. D'autre nart, elles disposent parfois de connaissances techniques particuiares difficiles A trouver dans la secteur commercial. Au cours des derniAres aunnes, la Banque et leas OG out eu a plu-sioura reprises l'occasion de collaorer (voir ncadr4 No l). En 1980, la Banque a entrep-vs des efforts dGlib6rds en sue dtaccroStre la coop4ration oprationnslle avec les OMG. Ele a encouragS son personnel I rechercher des occasions propices A ums tolle coopEration et a leas porter A la counaissance des Gouvorneneuts et des organismus appropriEs des pays emprunteurs; los Echanges de renseid aments avec les OG as sont dEveloppfs et des sominaires sectortels ont Etf organisE. avee La participation d'ONG importantes. En 1981, A la demand. de piusieurs ONG, an comite Banque-ONG, chargE notamest de trouvor des moyenas d'accrotre cette coopEration et d'Evaluer l'efficacite do ces organisations, a EtW constitue. Choix des ONG Lee projets financEs par la Sanque out fait iutervenir, A un moment ou a um autre, des ONG qui appartensient I des pays en dEveloppement aussi bien qu A des pays dEvelopp6s (avec ou sans correspondnt local dans le pays empruLtour), des ONG rhalisant grace A leurs fonds propres deos programnes A long term dans un pays spEcifique, aussi bien que des 0MG spIcialisEes danm les 'services" qu'ellis fournisaient sous coutrat, des orgauisations lalques aussi bien quo religieuses. Ces organisations ne doivent pa. remplir de conditions spEciales pour coopErer avec la Banque. NEanmoin,s du f sit que la coopration porte sur les opErations, l'ONG doit pouvoir prouver qun'lle est en mesure d'assurer le r8le qu'li lui sera demandt d'assumer en association avec le projet. Quele doit 8tre la nature de cotte association? L'objectif principal de la Banque, et par cousEquent des projets qu'elle finance, est d'aider les pays an dEveloppement meubres de la Banque A sacolirer leur croissauce Economique et A amEliorer la situation economique de leur population gr A auutat de la productivitE, ce qui entra?n iw amElioration du niveau de vie. Les projets finances par la Bauque passent par plusiurs Etapes. Co "cycle du projet" compread ciuq phases pcipales: I'identification, la conception, 1'Evaluation at aprAs approbation des Administrateurs, la relisation ot 't&valuation r6trospective. Lee ONG peuvent collaborer au projet A n'importe quelle Etape de ce cycle. ELUe penvent soit participer directoeent au projet financE par la Banque, soit uattre au point des aetivitEs propres, complEmentaires du projet financE par la 3nque. On trouvera ci-desso8u de es aples de certain. r8les-eype JouE par dos ONG danm le. diffErentes phases du cycle du projet : -24- ANNEX 1 Page 11 of 17 - identification: uos ONG peut Stre a l'origine d'un projet ou le parraiuar; jouer un r81e directeur dans des projets expArimentaux ou des projets pilotes d'investissement; fourair des expertal/ chArges de procdder a l identification de projets ou d'effectuer des travaux do reconnaissance (voir Encart 2); - coucetion : une ONG peut a8ir en qualit& de consultant aupras du Gouvernement, des comimautEs locales, ou de la Banque; elle pout Egalement faire b6ndficier officieuseaent de son expErieuce les responsables de la conception d'am projet (qptil s'agisse de fonctionnaires du gouvernement intftresst, de personnel de la Banque ou de consultants prlvts) et leur transmottre certains renseignements (voir Encadrt 3). - evaluation et financement : ame ONG peut faire partie dunb mission d'Evaluation, cofinancer (en espaces ou en nature) une composanto d'ua projet ou assurer le financement dlactivites com- p2iumnt iros au projet envisage, finance par la Banque (voir _ncadrd 4); --- rtallsation : uae ONG paut Etre btntficiaire d'un projet et recevoir a ce titra ea prtt ou un don de l'Etat (aliwmont par las fonds fourni.s par la Banque) pour rEaliser ame partie du projet financk par la Banque, 6tre engagEe par l'Etat et retribuaie au moyen du prtt pour exEcuter sous contrat ou.diriger ua projet, conseiller des particuliers ou des communautEs locales sur la meilleure maniare d'utiliser leas biens ou services (crEdits par exawple) financEs dans le cadre du projet, fournir des connaissances tech- niques aux b6ntficiaires locaux, exEcuter a titre indEpendant des activit6s compltmentaira. a cellos du projet financE par la Banque (voir Encadrt 5); - Evaluation r6trospective : une ONG peut ttre chargle de suivre l1Etat d'av aceant d'un projet ou de proceder a I'Evaluation rEtros- pective do. rtsultats d'ua projet (volr Encadrt 6). MlEmants our les@uels ogrtera la coontration Cl exists ontre les activit6s des ONG at celles des projets financEs par la Bmaque, des diffErences dtechelles Evidentes. Il est des cas odi ces diffErences rendrout forciment impossible la participation directe d'uae ONG a ua projet finance par la Banque. Mais les esmple. susmentionnts prouvent SEgalemut qua do. a rng e ts Sant possibles. f Una ONG quL sobatrait prodre part en quaitt de consultant a um projet financE par ls-Basuuqus n peut se voir attribunr ua contrat quo 8i elle satisfait auz conditions postes dams 0s. "Directives pour 1'emplol de consultants par les Emprunteurs de la Banque mondiale et par la Banque mudis>Le on tant qu'asen'a d'ezEcution" (aoGt 1981) et qu'elle an respects le' proecdures. -25- ANNEX 1 Page 12 of 17 La possħbilit6 de coop6rer avec utn ONG at l'fficactti potntielle d'v= tle coopration variaront selon 1. pays, l'6poquu at la secteur. Et Is jugmat quo chaque partia porte sur lea autre tient une place importants. Lee 0NG eostiut souvent qua le gou eraut iut6ress4 ou la Banque sout des entit4s trop complexes at qua laurs proc4durs sont top loute; inversoant le gur nts at la Banque out tendauce a pouer qua les 0G uo sont pas suffis t structurtas at qu'ells accordeat trop d'lportauca aux objectife k court term. On roprche souvut A la Banque at A soes oprmturs d traop Inalatur sr l utcessit6 do pr6aonter des rapports pEriodiques; male par ailleu, on astim tout aussi souvent qua lea ONG us sont pas suffisament tonus pour rosposables de leura activitEs at qu'olles n sognnt pas assez l'Svaluatiou r6trospectiv dos projets. Les ONG critiquot lea grands projets ralis,saua l'Ggld des ouvornoments avec le concours flnancier de la Bauque, auxqu. ellOu raprchant d ttre trop abstralts ou d'aborder lee problimms d'un point da vU8 hCArarchique trop rgid.; a l'iuvorses, 1 oet rsprochA au ON0G do so lvror il des activits disporaGes at do port6e lmitise. Dana co domais, les gS ralleations ns servant a ran. La possibilit4 do trouver un terrain d'ontento entre . gour t, l'OG at la Bauqu dolt Stre tvaluda cas par am. JusquIft pr4s la cooparation oparationuolle Banque-ONG a rEusal plus souvent qu'ells u'a Echout. Conclusion 33 est atdouirdhui gin6ralement admis qua lea OIG sont parfaitement an assure de promouvoir le dEveloppmat at de mobillser des ressources A cotte fin an onouragsont 1'auto-assistance et l'initiative privde. D'aprfts los constatations de la Banqus, on pout encore accrottre considErablement la compm t des program. des ONG et des projets financEs par la Bnque dans lea sectaus du d6voloppoment urbaiu at rural, de la sant at do la nutrition, de l'Educatiou, du dEveloppemat dos petites antrepisw est d0um, fagon plus gEnErals, dam le secteur social. Los 'prmnteurs do la Banqu so actuolSnt encoscagsft a imviter les 0NG aomE ntes A participer ft la prEparation at A la rdalsatlon des projets finanes par la Banque ou IL treprendre des activitEs paall-e ft ceos d'un projet dana l aesure oil cola 'est pas incompatible avon las prioritEs opArattinmollos ds 10'5O on question. La Banque soubattrait vivemmut qua les OQG lui fassnt part do leurs suggestions concernant la. possibilitts de coopEration. C"es-Ci pourront Stre trasiui sos t IL l'orgauisu pubUlc pramt part au projot spEcifique soit au service approprIE de l Baque. La Banque se propose de suivrs l'Ewlutiou de l. coopEration opEratonnolo at continra de choroher ls myoe. los plus offiaces at Us plus pratiques do l mttre an oeuvra. JuLslot 1982 -26- ANNEX 1 Page 13 Of 17 EICADE 1 ONG-EITE DE CAS De 1975 A 1982, 75 projets financis par la Banque out b&AficiS, sous uDs form ou uns autre, du coucours d'uns ONG. Sur les 46 Ow ayant sinai particip I wes projets, us tiers nzlxoz Etait des organħsations roiaguses de pays dAvelopps ou ean dtveloppemt, la motit appationt A des pays d6veloppls, l'autrs mootit} i des pays an d6veloppeamut. Selon un1 distribution par secteur, lea 75 proj etas sont rEpartis de la mnlAre suivants : agriculture, 40 2; dtveloppent urbain, 13 1; transport, 12 %; 8ducation, 11 ; petites entreprises et fc t, 9 2; population, santt at nutrition, 9 Z; Electrifation r , 2 et assistance tlchniqa, 1 1. Dama pris de 25 1 des %ss, 1'ONG a rsu de ltEtat um prtt ou um don financ au moyan d'u prtt de la Banque. MNal l'ONG a tout aussi souvnt EtE chargis d'oxhcuter us parti. du projet. Dan 20 Z des cas, l'ONG a outrepris des activitas pon ta cllos des projets finnes par la Banque; daon 18 X doe cm, oll agiL an qualiti do cosultant aurAs du fouvernement ou des btficr du projet. Los ONG out galement particp au cofc t des projets (an espaces ou en nature), fourni ds r.nsignemsnts, agi on quaitt de consultant aupro de la Banqus ou d'mprmteurs siubsidiaira. Dosm certalas Cas, ltONG a joun plusieurs de cos r8les. Lee ONG out surtout fait porter leur action sur la nutrition, la planning familial et le sante (26 1) et sur l'Education parascolaire et la formation professionneLle (20 2). Miles out 6galemdut jout un r8le dans la crEation d'institutiou (15 2); les services do vulgarisation, les coopEratives et la crEdit (15 2), ont pris part i l'identificatior, la prEparation et I'valuation rEtrospective des projets (11 2). Daos use moindre assure, ellea se Bomt employEes i mobiliser les efforts de la coumuutE A construire des loge=unts, des Ecoles, des route. et des pults, at I promouvoir des technologies appropriEes. EDCADRE 2 : DEETUIC&TION DES PROJETS Los ONG ayant dos activitEs au Kenya out aidE i la prEparation du projet en offrant leurs as nce. ot en prodiguant leurs *oco rage.ents. Par la suite, plsteura d'oentre llos (Family Planning Association of Kenya, Keya Catholic Secretrat, Vaeudel ya Wanawake, National Christia Councl Los filisles locales dIorgmnasations yant leur stige dens des pays dtveloppAs ont EtE compties come ONG de pays en dEveloppeent. -27- ANNEX 1 Page 14 of 17 of Kenya, Protestant Churches Medical AscOiatiom et ltArm du' salut) ont pris part & l'ex6cueion de deux composanees du projet : soins de santt mternelle et Infantile et planification de la famle. Doux repr6sentants d'twe ONG locale siagent au coumfie ocutif du "Natioml Coul" C01copos6 d4 cinq mubres, qui difinit les grandes orritatons dui programe d'iufov- atiou at d'education Iucius dans is projot. Premer projet de d6veloyp"ent urhain a Madras - lade Une ONG locale, "the Swallow of India" (lea girondelles de l'indo), gare un centre uiadcl pilote en milieu urbain, cr66 dans l cadre du projet et fournit le personnel et lae matiriel id4ical. Un ONG locale sera chargee d'sadmS.nltrer trois autres centres m4dicauz dans le cadre du second projet de dlveloppement urbain d Nadras. INADUE 3 : CONCEPTIN DU PROJET Elect_rification rural. - EaI=ee. LOACUMIuo Ymen La "National Rural Electrification Cooperative Associatio" (MM) a servi de consultant aupras de I'Impruunteur dans divers projets financfs par ha Banque. ElUe a notammet Gt& consultee sur : ltorgani.ation des socidtGs de distribution et de la comptabilitE dans le cadre du projet d'Energie thormique Shoubrah El Khoiua, en Egypte; les relations eantre le patronat et he personnel daDA le cadre du deuxisme projet d'electricitE a la Jamdque; des questions d'tlectrificatiou rurale, desm le cadre du projet de distri- butiou d'AlectricitA en UApublique arabe du YEmen, ce qul a servi de base au projet UltErieur d'Eleatrificat on r6gionale; le projet d'ezfcutlon et le renforcement institun lonnel ct operationnel de l'agenace d'sezcution, dans ho cadre du proJe rEgional d' Uectrificatiou. roisiame iroi_et de crEdit aaniCole - Kenya Un membre du personnel de l'tAgricultural Cooperattva Development International" (ACDI), agissae en qualtt de consultant auprSs du Gouvernesnet du Kenya, a prEarE un plan do rEorganisation pour le service d'Evaluation - crEdit de ll"Agricultural Pinance Corporation" (SociEtE de financement agricole), agence d 'exrcution du projet. .1obet d'assistance technioue, E!M Rvilu - Zofre Plusieure ONG ayant utn affiliation religieus ct qui ezercent lours activitis au Zfre dams la zon. du projet, notasmat ho Bureau diocisais do dfEeloppement, le Mouvement du progras populare et le Progress agricole protestant, ont fourni des rdteegemauts utiles lors de ha prEpaatio di -28- ANNEX Page. 15 of 17 du projet. Conforndmnt auu dispositbus du projet, U formtion a.. agiculteurs et d'aute t&es de .vul8arsatioi seronut fices pa des OnG. iorts teholoiqu - n. lZl Salvador. Uff2sh"M Des tecnique als.. au point par des OJW ot kS utillises pour la construction de rEservoir de captage d'eau de plui prtu des 1. proj. t de dveloppement rural do Togyalkta en an Indoie, de logemta auto-as.stgs au Salvador et au Kampuchea, de pompas A usia devat ermttre d'amr aum all4ataton ean eau (dans 1 cadre d'un projet du PEUD auquel Etaist associs laa Banque et 1 'Ofam). -1EAM 4: - 7DU PRIOJM Deame irolet dtducatioa - Libdria US CANE a fina am Partie des frals afftrets & um compoantse. du projet : la construction d'coles. D plus, e11 a diriglel. travaux do constructi des b2tiauts scolaires et aidE au rnorcement de certain". intitutios locales fIn de les reudre apt. ft raUse certals petits trav de constructlon at it attre au polnt des programs locaux d'auto- assistance. Prolet d'assaimissement des bidonvIles et de trams d'accueil de Lusaka - Zaie L "Aea Frliends Service Committee" a prEparE et mis en oeuvre le prosam de fonmtio prEu am projet et congu A I'iatention de aeonts de dtveloppement c au4a,i an fournisant servies do spEcialists, ctrials ppsgiques, Euipment et vbcules. rolet de ifelw"st rural - ti De volontaie do 1 'A1ssociat frangalse des volontaires du progri" financent de activitsdo d vugaistIon agricole et effectuent d. eases is U terrain dans 1. cadre du projet. Prolet -e- dftvlunement rural dan- le rdsOm maritim - Tose CAR= a financ uan programm do crEdt aux petits eploitts qui a permis d'Sviter me interrution do h'aide financiEr. dipenE aus b du projet. -29- AM 1 Page 16 of 17 Prisde .mal de Yoayak§a _ hndoEs I_ Dian Dea, ONG smon s,e chatg6e de la rslisation d'une co eposate du projet, a assur6 gratuitemat 1e transport de uatsiu de construction Indpsable it l r talsati diU proJet. UCADE 5 : REALSAħO DU PROJM Dams 1. cadre du premier projet, "'Association pour la formatio des cadre de l'tndustri et de 1'admin8stration. (AMA) OnMas sc contrt par ua organism public am,Ai a aid& I former de petts etr n st A- consailler lsa animC stagiaira an matigre e gestion at d'iavesItise- munt. Dam le cadre du deinuB projet, 1IAd a de consails our la constitutio 4'aseois dartis qui sevirot dt tdi pou Vachl e, en gros, do at premUres at U venta do prodults finis. Miet da cration d'ek.i - NM... "Iha Fund for Research and vsetmnt for the Developmt of Afric, Led" (IRD a EtA chargE pr un,organim public nigEria de supe- visor la formation et la production, au Centre artiaal et dam trois centres-sateltes bnEficiant do I'appui du projet. Le IRIDA a Egalemnt acceptE d'aheter uns part ieortaute de articles produits dam le cadre du projet et de ea cbarger de leur coAIrciasat l'Etraur. LPlets-4ducatI - fidet Parallemont au prmie projet d'educatio, US CUA a conVenu avec la HIniat3r , l'ad icultur, des ressources atureles et du dEveloppemit rural, de crfir des centres de nutrition et des vergers re a attnat aux tcol.. prtvaw dala projet. La coopEration astest poursuivie dans U cade, du deudi3m projet at lion envisage4 prendre des dispositios analogues dan ie cas du trolsilms projet. Pro1et t autrition - indonsia La P asoct fmini locale, a organs& dana is cadra du proJet des rEunionsurtg ar au cours dagquolles oant At diffusE de renseignmnts 8ar ce'sulet. PoMat en Matire d'entretim routIer - NiaEMa BMan.2 -SEnEal. laute- Volta. Z-!ra L oa o ihabLiltation troug Trainin" a Ati engage par empr unteurs pow assurer U formtio ntcosaie A ltezAcution des projets, pr6vue dams l projets f1nancEs par la Bnque. _ 30- ANIEX 1 Page 17 of 17 1CADM 6: BALU DS O Urobt de rosLs. a at des T.esaM d'lrrittaM des iAge - Sri Lanka Lt"oMa T eedou froa Huge Campan - Sri Lanka, prendra part * l'me des trots Etude divaustfan rEtrompective fnacges 'pas la projot. 1* clasera lss resigemats d'ordre gEs ral concaernt lag t qul auron tiS runis par les orgenmms publics, constituant aini la basse de rfreces n6cessalres aus Itudes d'valuation rEtrospectives de l'nivelsitG de Pazadeniya. Probe re_atif aiz ustts et eune=ss eptre rJses - ibfiria "Partuerod p for Productivity" MP) aidera au dtveloppe_ent de la "Eatilnal Inveetmnt Comission" (MIC), financE par Ie projet. Outre la esem au point d'un asstl de sdvi du pgrao sr 3. trzrain de la NIC, Is PfP mettra I I'essai difffrentes mtlhod.s pour alder 1.e petites eanre- prises; fouaira um ade en matiare de ct , for stion et d t des ants de vulgisatlo; formea I* UOvaM personnl du Service des petites et yoyue entreprises de Ila VIC at orgnilsera des stiuinrs i Il'intentiom do petits entrepreneurs. - 31 - CENTRAL PROJECTS NOTE 10.05 INVOLVING NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)l IN THE PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BANK-FINANCED PROJECTS 1. The purpose of this note is to assist Bank staff in advising gov- vernments on how to make effective use, within the framework of Bank- financed projects, of the potential of NGOs toward mobilizing human resources through self-help and private initiative. It also draws attention to cases where Bank staff may benefit from NGO advice or other assistance. It is based on information made available by NGOs, consid- eration of other development institutions' policies on NGOs, and on a detailed review of 18 Bank-financed projects among an estimated 50 proj- ects involving NGOs in recent years. Definition 2. This note applies to all non-profit organizations with private membership which provide development assistance.2 Their services are provided through volunteers, paid professional staff, or a combination of both. Bank-financed projects involve essentially the following types of NGOs: (a) NGOs based in developed countries, with consid- erable experience in developing countries, and specialized in: (i) the management of foreign aid intended to promote development at the local commu- nity level; or (ii) a particular area of professional exper- tise such as vocational or management training, development of small-scale enterprises, management of educational programs or promotion of appropriate technologies. 1/ Also called Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs). / Such organizations principally include foundations, lay and religious aid associations, non-governmental cooperatives, and credit unions. Normally labor unions, chambers of commerce, research institutions, unlversities, or public Interest groups would not be included. Some NGO have affiliates/correspondents in other countries. There are also consortia of NGOs. A fuller discussion of NGO typology is con- tained in a paper entitled 'Bank Relations with Non-Governmental Aid Organizations," available from IRD. CPN 10.05 -32 - Page 2 of I pages (b) NGOs based in developing countries, with demon- strated competence in a partlcular area of Bank lending such as rural development, low-cost hous- ing, health and nutrition, promotion of women's role in development activities, or the organization of local community efforts. 3. Whether they are based In developed or developing countries, NG0O usually have an essentially social purpose which gives them special knowledge of local conditions and access to the poor, both urban and rural. Hence, once Bank-financed projects began to aim at reaching directly a specific target group or audience within a member country, it was likely that a variety of typep of association would.develop between NGOs and the three other main parties concerned: government agencies, local beneficiaries (individual or groups), and the Bank. This has happened in most of the sectors to which the Bank lends: agriculture and rural development, education, small-scale industry, population/health/ nutrition, urban, water supply/ sanitation, and project-related training financed as a component of projects in any of these sectors or in the power and highways sectors. Types of Association 4. NGOs may be involved in Bank-financed projects at every stage of the project cycle. For instance: (a) project identification: as sponsor or originator of project ideas, including of small-scale proj- ects being considered as a basis for a Bank- financed project, or as a source of individual expertise for an identification or reconnaissance mission; (b) project design: as consultant to the government or to local communities, as consultant to the Bank, or as a provider of information to project designers or Bank staff; (c) project appraisal/financing: as a co-financer of the project or as a provider of financing for -activities complementary to the Bank-financed project; (d) project implementation: as a contractor or man- ager engaged by the government and financed from the loan proceeds; as an adviser either assisting local beneficiaries to apply for the project bene- fits (e.g., credits) or organizing local communi- ties to make use of project benefits; as a finan- - cial intermediary or a supplier of technical knowledge to local beneficiaries; as an indepen- dent partner implementing activities complementary 33 CPN 10.05 Page 3 of 7 pages to the Bank-financed project; or as a direct bene- ficiar! of the project (government grant or loan); (e) project evaluation: assisting the government, the project entity or the Bank in monitoring project progress or evaluating project results. The above illustrates the variety of circumstances in which NGO involve- ment can materialize during project design and implementation. Annex 1 lists 18 Bank-financed projects with NGO involvement, by type of asso- ciation and sector, about wlhich detailed information is available.4 Benefits 5. The major identifiable benefits that may result from NGO involvement include: (a) Better understanding of the local institutional, technological and socio-cultural environment as an Input into project design, often gained through experience in carrying out community or village level small-scale projects with overall aims similar to those of the Bank-financed proj- ect; (b) Better access (compared with most government agencies or consulting firms) to the intended project beneficiaries at the community or individual level. This may be:due to the NGOs' better ability to communicate with the benefi- ciaries, their greater administrative flexibil- lty, or their access to a network of dedicated volunteer or semi-volunteer staff. For instance: without the assistance of local NMOs the Philippines Urban Project implementation unit (Loan 1272/1282-PH) probably would have been confronted by a hostile, uncooperative tar- get group. Without the intervention of CARITAS, very few of the intended beneficiaries of the Togo Maritime Rural Development Project (Credit 638-TO) would have been reached. Without the 31 On-lending is more likely to occur for IDF projects, shelter schemes and agricultural credit programs; grants are more typical in the education, population, health and nutrition sectors. Serv- iced land has also been provided under urban projects for carrying out an NGO's community or religious activities. 4/ A detailed review of NGO involvement in these projects is available from CPS/PAS and IRD. This material will be expanded from time to time. CPN 10.05 - 34 Page 4 of 7 pages help of a local association of women, there would have been no gatherings at which to dis- seminate nutrition information under the Nutri- tion Development Project in Indonesia (Loan 1373-IND); (c) Ability and willingness to promote and implement the adoption of low-cost technologies or other changes in life and work styles necessary for the success of a project; e.g., the construction of rainwater catchment tanks under the Yogyakarta Rural Development Project in Indonesia (Credit 946-IND), self-help housing in urban projects in E1 Salvador (Credit 517/726 and Loan 1050/ 1465-ES), and rural water supply handpumps in Kampuchea (under UNDP project GLO/79/010 in which the Bank is associated with OXFAH); (d) Access to complementary manpower or financial resources which they may be willing to tap to meet unforeseen needs during project implementa- tion; e.g., a local NGO managing a component of the Yogyakarta Rural Development Project in Indonesia (Credit 946-DND) used its own trans- port at no cost to the project to deliver urgently needed construction materials, and CARE financed the training of local staff in self- help school construction under an education project In Liberia (Loan 1266-LBR); (e) Ability to finance project components ineligi- ble for Bank financing; e.g., pre-school educa- tion and nutrition centers associated with an . education project in Haiti (Credit 618-RA), which were at the time ineligible for Bank financing, benefited from CARE's parallel financing; (f) Special professional knowledge or know-how; e.g., ORT (Organization for Rehabilitation through Training) .has considerable expertise in project related training. Problem Areas and Risks 6. While the benefits of Involving NGOs vften are e#ident, there may also be possible problems: (a) NGOs are extremely diverse with respect to orga- nization, size and operations; hence the suit- ability of a particular NGO for a given assign- ment needs to be carefully assessed, by both the government and the Bank; - 35 - CPN 10.05 Page 5 of 7 pages (b) use of a foreign NCO without a local subsidiary as lmplementing agency may ensure efficient project implementation, but such use is no substitute for building up local institutional capabilities (NGO or governmental); (c) an NGO's priorities may differ from those of the government and not match the project objective, e.g., the NGO may promote an excessive degree of local participation in engineering decisions regarding, say, irrigation works; it may show excessive zeal in promoting a particular type of technology; or it may have different views regarding interest rates on loans for the poor; (d) short-term NGO assignments are likely to be more acceptable to a government than a permanent role (as illustrated by the easier acceptance of NGOs by governments for school and water-tank con- struction, in contrast to community participa- tion); (a) an NGO may have unstated motives (religious, political), different from those of the govern- menttborrower. Experience suggests that unless all agencies concerned with the project or project component agree to the desirability of NGO involvement, the chances of success are lim- ited. This has been demonstrated both posi- tively and negatively - by the success of the El Salvador Urban Project (Credit 517/Loan 1050-ES) and by the problems encountered by a local community development NGO under the Yogyakarta Rural Development Project (Credt 946-IND) in Indonesia. 7. From the NGO viewpoint, involvement with governments and with Bank-financed projects is likewise not problem and risk free. Some NGOs are precluded by s- 'r philosophy or by charter from collaborat- Ing with a government. wor those not subject to such constraints, there is a risk of over-extension as a result of foreign financing attracted by their success. For example, funding for the Botswana Youth Brigades (Loans 1274/5 and 1828-BT) may have expanded them beyond local managerial capabilities and local community needs. On the other hand, India's Dairy Cooperative Societies (Credit 824-IN) have demonstrated an ablity to build up their organization to cope with increased size and complexity while preserving local initiative and a sense of participa- tion. Bank staff should be careful to ensure that the role envisaged for an WGO is appropriate and commensurate with its capabilities, and may need to advise local NGOs on ways to cope with organizational growth and the pace of implementation of Bank-financed projects. CPN 10. 05 -36- Page6 of 7 pages 8. Also, when an NCO is interested in serving as a consultant under a Bank-financed project, it should be made aware that in order to te eligible for a contract award, like any other entity it must meet the standards and adhere to the procedures established by the "Guidelines for the Use of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers and by the World Dank as Executing Agency" (August 1981). Further Efforts to Promote Successful Involvement of NGOO in Bank- financed Projects 9. Wherever appropriate, Bank staff should be prepared to bring to the Dorrower's attention the potential benefits of NCO involve- ment iu project generation and Implementation. In addition, there is the possibility of calling on NGO personnel to participate in the Bank's preparation or appraisal missions. In the past, NGO involvement bas often been haphazard and unplanned. 10. To facilitate cooperation with NGOs, an NGO-Bank committee wa creaed in May 1981 (Annex 2) with a view, inter alia, to make available to Bank staff relevant operational information on NGOs and to iuprove NCO information about Dank-financed projects of possible interest. Within the lank, the International Relations Department will coordinate these efforts. Such information should lead to more systematic consideration by NOOs, governments and the Baok of opportunities for NGO participation In the design and implementation of Bank-financed projects or for NCO provision of complementary operational assistance. The CPS Departments and the Science and Technology Unit of PAS can assist in advising on NCO technical capabilities in their respective areas of specialization. 11. With regard to project design, especially in the case of multisectoral projects including small-scale works, employment gen- eration activities or "social" Interventions involving local commu- nities (e.g., health, literacy, community facilities, credit mechanisms for small-scale farmers or industries, low-cost water supply/sanitation components), Bank staff may consider providing financing under the project for a small fund to be used, up to a predetermined ceiling per community, for local initiatives meeting pre-established criteria. Such a financial mechanism not only would relieve project management from the burden of carrying out such multiple small tasks, but would also open up opportunities for local or International NCO participation in achieving important project objectives. Conclusion 12. There is considerable scope for Bank and government sta8ff initiatives In associating NOOs with project-work aimed at dilfi- cult-to-reach populations. In view of the diversity of experience In the preparation and implementation of Dank-financed projects 37 - CPN 10.05 PageT7 of 7 pages involving NGOs, as well as the lack of systematic data on the subject, Bank staff are invited to communicate their experience with and ivforma- tion oan NGOs to IRD and PAS. Warren C. Baum Vice President, Projects Staff Annexes: 2 VXasoni/FLethem:u. December 31, 1981 -38- CPN 10.05 Annex 2 TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE WORLD BANK/NON-COVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS COMMITTEE 1. The broad purpose of the World Bank/Non-Governmental Organiza- tions Committee is to strengthen relations and expand operational co- operation between the World Bank and Non-Goverrmental Organizations (NGOs). The Committee is composed of fifteen representatives of NGOs, with the International Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA) of Geneva providing the NGO secretariat, and of up to an equal number of World lank staff, some permanent and others designated in the light of the agenda for the particular meeting. 2. The Committee's specific objectives are as follows: (a) develop new approaches for Bank-NGO coopera- tion; (b) review instadsces of Bank-NGO cooperation with a view to replication and expansion; (c) consider how to improve information exchanges and encourage identification of opportunities for cooperation; (d) examine the scope for, and undertake the planning of, additional area/sector meetings among Bank and NCO staff; (e) suggest to the participating organizations activities or measures which may be required to achieve the foregoing objectives. 3. The Committee may appoint smaller working groups for special tasks. The responsibility for chairing the umetings of the Committee and of any working groups will be shared by the NGOs and the Bank; the rotation will be decided by agreement, depending on the subject of discussion. 4. The Committee will meet every 6-8 months, with every second -meeting normally being held In Washington. The Bank will provide the secretariat for the meetings. Each participating organization will circulate reports of the .meetings, or extracts thereof, to their staff and other organizations potentially interested in the collaborative effort. Washington, Nay 13, 1981 -39 - a Wm Ibp of MD saw (UV) - PMa/ I nahmt F - D - A. m (b. ) -elom OW: 4 (Ie. 1272/8) 1noom1a Bob imh (gt adll (Or. 946) lDa gir (O 3S6/ (Or. am) ˘*r. ao n a. Joint or arue1 (atlde.): FMd f Fh~b 9 IL (Or. 638) a Pd awS FS lbd Pt @o (U8)3 (or. 517/ lila Uebwa to.1050) (e. 8Z4) (Ia. 1266) (C. 725AD. 1f65 ec. - ~~~~~~~~~Ubeda Uinu rxkmw 1. 0 a) s ;) ms0. M (I. 16) (s. SW9 ((b. ff6) Ibrld G&r. (13)t 3D (CO: 1128 (to. 12n) (a 809) 2. bpU=ndvg 9BUY 0*22tive Shth kus F P41. 13;. O I mdw (L 824) (ID. I=) (o. 830) 916) - Me- _rkw ( 3. AMlw to locna )Isb- 3dJ1#yIn amaudaam MePIaS7L ) (1dw 4. Imjqsmdn @WRS (Vatic.): _-~~I (3.638) __ D. hiaim .6 I f sow 4 pa. C/t kti wa~ ((. 116)_ Or~ bomfUlamy of amat paot. t cal TeSow al ci hwld ut;y bme WD. d/ MAU lntUduml *Rd . at Aboa 10 atiaa ed Spg M. VI 3uswim Mu_ E da s1110 y Vklid Ibba. Inalled ammtian Vle xato~ ft te omlwamt of Ia tv tm abie ewqple of lS projeste w swile Saa WWAS ad I) homer1981 - 40 ANNEX 2 NGO PROFILES - 41 - ANNEX A Page 1 of 2 BURUNDI: Country Profile 1. Are there any NGO8 active in Burundi? Yes. 2. Which NGOs? A. In water supply and sanitation sector: please see List A of Annex I. B. In other sectors: AIDR, one of the NGOs active in water supply and sanitation sector, is also active in agriculture. See details in (5) below. Other NGOs are also known to have worked In other sectors, such as agriculture and health. 3. Any Bank/IDA- financed water supply and sanitation projects? Yes. Pre-investmeat studies financed from PPF funds are being carried out. Based on preliminary results and a mission in March 1983, a project brlef was prepared In April 1983 for a proposed US$16 million loan, mainly for rural water supply. AIDR, one of the NGOs active in the water supply and sanitation sector, Is preparing the pre-Investment studies for the Ministry of Rural Development. 4. Is NGO participation feasible In Bank/IDA-financed projects? Yes. AIDR is already working on the project. UNICEF and CARITAS are also quite active and collaborating with Bank staff In project development. The project as planed now does not seem to have a sanitation component. This element can perhaps be added to the proposed project or co-financing through UNICEP or some other concerned agency may be possible. 5. Did any NGO work on any Bank/IDA-financed project in Burundlt Yes. - 42- ANNEX II A Page 2 of 2 wGo Project Name Evaluationl/ AIDR Pre-investment study for proposed rural water supply project Forestry Project (1979) Value of further AIDR participation is recognised 6. Did any of the NGOs active ln VS sector In Burundi work on any Bank/IDA- financed (or other UN System) projects in other countries? NGO Country Project Name Evaluation AFVP Haiti Rural Development The performance of AFVP Project (1977) volumteers has been move than satisfactory Niger Maradi Rural Develop- The performance of AFVP ment Project (1976 volunteers In Niger has been and 1980) very good. Use of further volunteer Involvement for digging and equipping wells is being considered. OXFAN Somalia Worked closely wlth UNICEF considers OXFAI to be UNICEF in several a very good organlzation water and sauitation to work with projects. 1/ From NGO case studies available from Mr. Easonl's offlce, IRD - 43 - ANNEX II B KENYA: Country Profile Page 1 of 2 1. Are there auy NGOs active in Kenya? Yes. 2. Which NOs? A. In water supply and sanitation sector: please see List A of Annex I. B. In other sectors: a. Several of the NGOs active In the water and sanitation sector are also active in other areas. For example, ANREF is active in providing baslc health servlces; ICA is active in village mobLlization, housing and employment creation In rural areas; Eaendelo Ya Wanawata (Women's organization of Kenya) is active In organizing the village level women's group (estimated at about 5,500) for several causes livolving social atd economic well-being of women and families. Others with exclusive work In other sectors, particularly wlth experience In World Bank- financed projects include: 1) ACDI: Agricultural Cooperative Development International 2) Family Planning Associatiou of Kenya 3) Holy Cross Fathers 4) International Planned Parenthood Federatlon 5) Protestant Churches Nedleal Association 6) Salvation Army 7) Undugu 8) Lion Clubs. 3. Any Bank/IDA-financed water supply and sanitation projects? Yes. A. Nairobi Water Supply Project II (nearing completion). B. Rural Water Supply Project (under revision). 4e Is EGO participation feasible in Rank/IDA-financed projects? Yes. Possibly in the revised rural water supply project. 5. Did any NCO work on any Bank/IDA-financed project ia Kenya? Yes. Note: only those NGOs which are active in water area are listed below. Several others are active in other sectors. _ 44 _ ANNEX 2 B Page 2 of 2 NGO Program Name Evaluationl/ National Second Population Project The traing and employment Christian benefits generated by Council of Sites and Servlces Project NCCK on project-allocated Kenya (NCCK) (1975) land are expected to have more impact per dollar spent Second Urban Project (1978) than any program that the Bank would be ble to support directly. Eaendelo Ya Second Population Project Leadership may be accom- Wanawake modating to political elite. 6. Did any of the NGOs active in the VS sector In Kenya work on any Bank/IDA- financed (or other UN System) projects In other countries? Yes. NGO Country Project Name Evaluation CARE Sierra Leone Please see Llberia Sierra Leone: Country Profile CRS Rwanda CUS Dominican Rep. Population and Family (through SSID Health Project (1976) & local af- filiates) aeendelo See in (5) above Ta Vanawake NCCK See in (5) above OXFAM Please see Burundi: Country Profile - 45 - ANNEX II C Page 1 of 2 mALI: Country Profile 1. Are there NGOs active in the country? Yes. 2. Which NGOs? A In water supply and sanitation sector: please see list A of Annex I. B. In other sectors: some of the EGOs active La watev supply and sauLtation sector are also known to be active in other sectors, including agriculture, health, etc. 3. Any Bank/IDA-financed water supply and sanitation projects? Yes. Mali rural water supply project with two IDA credlts was approved sn December 1983. 230 villages ia districts of Kita, Nafoulabe and Kenieba will benefit. Parallelly, a health project Is being Implemented which will cover sanitation aspects in the same area. 4. Is NGO participation feasible In Bank/IDA-flianced projects? Yes. 5. Dld any NGOs work on any Bank/IDA financed projects In Hali? Not known. 6. Are any of the NGOs active in VS sector in Mali working on any Bank/IDA- flianced projects In other countries? Yes. - 46 - ANNEX II C Page 2 of 2 IIO Count Project lame Eveluatlon CARE Llberia Second Evaluation Project CARE is the (1976) largest# most efficient and business-like WGO the Bank Ms dealt with. Sierra Leone Integrated Agriculture Development Projects (1975 and 1981) Haitl First and Second Educa- tion Projects (1975 and 1981 India Tamil Nadu Nutrition Project (1980) CARITAS Senegal Small Rural Operations Project (1980) Togo Mritlie Rural Develop- Caritas Intervention met Project (1976) In the project area was opportune and useful. OXFAMI Somalla Worked closely with UNICEF considers UNCEF on several OXFAtl to be a very water and sanitation good organizatlon to projects work wlth. - 47 - ANNEX 1 D SIERB LEONE: Country Profile 1. Are there MOOS active In the country? Yeao 2. VILch MGOO? A. Is water supply and sauntation sector: please see List A of Annex I. B. In othe sectors: some of the NGOs active In the water sector are also kown to be active in other sectors, lacluding agriculture, health, etce 3. Any Bank-financed water supply and sanitation projects? None. But a sector study was prepared La July 1983. Also, Sierra Leone is one of the few countries In Afrlca which has prepared a "Decade Plan" for the water supply and sanitation sectore An Initial project breief was prepared in 1983 to strengthen the water supply Institutions In Sierra Leone. There Is considerable potential for projects, If IDA funds are available. 4.. Is NGO particlpatlon feasible In Bank/IDA financed projects? Yes. 5. Did any NGO work on any Bank/IDA-flianced projects in Slerra Leone? Yes. iCO Psoject Na Evaluation CARE Integrated Agricultural CARE Is the largest, Development Project II(1975) most efficient and bust- Eastern Integrated Agricul- nesslike MOO the Bank tural Development Project III has dealt with. (1981) Northern Integrated Agrlcul- tural Project II (1981) 6. Did any of the NGOs active in VS sector in Slerra Leone work on any Bank/IDA-fluanced or other UN System projects In other countriest Yes. N6O Countr Proect Name Evaluation CRS Philipples !anlla Urban Development The community mobilization Project, Community helped gala support of the Nobllization beneficiaries. Rwanda Bugasera Clsaka Rural Development Project (Phase II) OXFAM Somalia Worked closely with UNICEF considers OXFAM to UNICEF on several water be a very good organisa- and sanitation projects tion to work with, - 48 - ANNEX 3 LIST OF NGOs ACTIVE IN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR IN AFRICA -49 - ANNEX 3 Page I of 23 LIST OF NG100 ACTIVE IN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR IN AFRICA This annee consists of two lists prepared to assist World Bank project officers in locating suitable NGOs for involvement in Bank- financed projects. The lists are not comprehensive ones, particularly in relation to national GOs about which information is very difficult to locate, Information on these NG08 is best collected at the country level by people working in or visiting the relevant country. NGOs tend to expand or reduce their activities depending oD their financial situation and on local interests. Thus, these lists, while accurate at the time of writing, should be updated periodically. List A includes name of NGOs known to be active in the water supply and sanitation sector at this time on a country-by-country basis. It includes both national NGO and international ones which are known to have projects in the country listed. List B consists of NGOs whose annual comitment of funds to water supply and sanitation projects is US1 million or more. If these NGO are not listed as active in the country In which the user of these lists is interested, it may be helpful to contact the international NOOs directly to see if they have current or planned projects in the couwtry. - 50- ______t Page 2 of 23 A. Llst of NGOs Active In Water and Sanitation Sector in Afgrica Country by Country 1. Leage of Red Cross Societies(LICROSS) Contact: Vs. Maya MecTasey P.O. Box 276 1211 Geneva 29, Switzerland Telephone: (022) 345580; Telex 22555 2. American Public Health Association (APHA) 1015 - 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 Telephone: (202) 789-5691; Telex 440075 BOTSWANA 1. Botswana Youth Brigades National Brigade Coordinating Comittee Private Bag 0062 Gebsrons, Botowana 2. Botswana Extension College University of Botswana Private Bag 0062 Gabarfne, Botawana 3. African Medical and Research Foundation (AMRDZ) Wilson Airort Langata Road P.O. Box 30125 Nairobi, KeMya Telephone: 50301 Nairobi; Telex 22117 Nairobi U. S. Executive Director: Dr. Michael S. Gerber 420 Lexington Avenue New York, N. Y. 101,' Telephone: (212) 986-1835 1. Association luternationale de Developmet Rural outre-Ner (AIDR) Mr. Noel Platteuw Rue du Commerce 20 B-1040 Brussels, Belgium Telephone 512 8768; Telex 62928 * d~~~~~~~~~~~- -51- ANNEX 3 Page 3 of 23 Burundi (cont'd) 2. OXPAM Kr. Jim Howard 274 Banbury Road Oxford, England Telephone: 56777; Telex: 83610 3. Association Francaise de Voluntairs du Progres (AFVP) B. P. 2 913 Linas-Monthery, France 1. Atelier de Materiel Pour 1' Animation(AMA Fr. Daniel De*met P.O. Box 267 Yaounde, A)3O0N Telephone: 22-3208 2. Coumity Development Coordinating Committee BLP. 2729 Yaounde, CAHfROON 3. Panafrican Pour la Developpement B. P. 4078 DonlsU, CAN 4. Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Mr. Ken Rackett 1OU Pirst Avenue New York, N.Y. 10022, U.S.A. Telephone: (212) 838-4700 5. CAR Mr. Tin Aston 660 First Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016, U.S.A. Telephone: (212) 686-3110 6. NILVITAB Mr. W. R. Kulling P. B. 8042 Zurich, Switzerland Telephone: 363-5060 7. AASF 8. ORT -52- ANMX 3 Page 4 of 23 CPE VDE 1. IInstitute of Solidarity PRAIA, Cape Verde COTRL AFRICAN REPU C 1. Global Water Dr. Peter Bourne 2033 M Street, lW., Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20036, U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 466-3525; Telex: 904059 CHAD 1. APRA (see Benin) 2. AASI (see Cmeroon) 3. OXIAN (see Burundi) 4. APRICARE 1601 Connecticut Avenue, W.V. *Washington, D.C. 20009 Telephone: (202) 462-3614 DJIBQUTZ 1. Volunteers in Tcbnisal Assistauce (VtI) 1815 N. Lynn St., Suite 200 Arlington. Va. 22209, U.P.A. Telephone: (703) 276-1800; Telex: 440192 2. CRS (see Cameroon) 3. AFVP (see Burundi) EIOPIA 1. Christlia Belief and Developmnt Association P.O. Box 5674 Addis Ababa, Ethi9pia 2. Revolutionary Etiopian Women's Organization Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3. Seventh-day Adventist World Service 6840 Estern Avenue Takoma Park, Washington, D.C., 20912, U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 7226777; Telex 2328 EST - 53 ANNEX 3 Page 5 of 23 4. CBS (see Camroon) 5. Sudan Interior Mffsion (SIR) Mr. Mesfin Lea M P.O. Box 127, Addid Ababa, Ethiopia Telephone: 443305 GAMBIA 1. CRS (see Cameroon) 2. OXEAM (see Burundi) GAUA 1. Water Utilization Project Coumity Education Program Ms. Lyme Nahoney P. 0. Box 295 Bolgatanga, hana Telephone: 2225 2. CRS (see Cameroon) .GuIn-BIsSAU 1. Centro Regional de Abeatecimento de Aguas Dr. Jacques Van Rensellass P.O. Box 39 Bissau, G.B. IVORY COAST 1. International Intitute for Rural Construction, Inc. 1775 Broadway Now York, N.Y. 10019 2. ILwtitut Africain pour le Developpement Eononique et Soeie (InADzS) (We. Nicole Vial) 15 Avenue Jean Meriz Cocody B. P. 8 Abidjan 08, Cote d'Ivoire Telephone: 443128 -54 - AUNE 3 Page 6 of 23 3. Office National de Promotion Rurale (ONPR) (Mr. Ousmane Diarra) B.P. 20225 Abidjaen, C.I . Telephone: 323579 4. Cooperation at Progres 39 Rue de Naples 1050 Brwcelles, Belgium 5. Lee Amis D'un Coin d l'Inde et du Honde (LACDI) Croret Sur Gaud 42590 Neulise, France 6. Pontifical Institute for Foreign Misions (PIME) 35750 Moravian Dr. Fraser, Michigan 48026 EWA 1. African M4edical and Research Foundation (AM) Wilson Airport Langata Road P.O. Box 30125 Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: 501301; Telex: 22117 U.S. Executive Director: Dr. Michael S. Gerber 420 Lexington Avenue New York, N.Y. 10170 Telephone: (212) 986-1835 2. AM-Tech. Mr. John Propts, Manager P.O. Box 29285 Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: 592492 3. Institute of Cultural Affairs Ns. Linda Alton P.O. Box 21679 Nairobi, Knya Telephone: 567728; Telex: 963-2273 55 - ANNEX3 Page 7 of 23 U.S. B. Q. Office 4750 N. Sheridan Road Chicago, rll. 60640 Telephone: (312) 769-6363; Telex: 910-221-5658 4. Riny. Integrated Rural Health Project Dr. S. 0. Odede P.O. Box 45872 Nairobi, Kenya Telephoue: 331151 5. CARE (see Cameroom) 6. CRS (see Cameroon) 7. Church World Service Ns. Nancy L. Nicalo 475 Riverside Dr. New York, N.Y. 10115, U.S.A. Telephone: *(212) 870-2257 8. Christian Children's Fund, Inc. P.O. Box 2 6511 Ricbmond, Va. 23261 Telephone: (804) 644-4654; Telex 82-7383 9. Food for the Hungry International 7729 R. Greenvay Road Scottsdale, AR. 85260 Telephoae: (602) 998-3100; Telex: 9109500099 10. Fosterparents Plan International P.O. Box 400 Waurick, RI 02887; Telephone: (401)738-5605 11. World Vision International 919 West Huntington Dr. 'Awourova, Ca. 91016 * Telephone: (213) 357-7979; Telex 67-5341 12. International Council of Women Me. J. Barbet-kassia 13 Rue Caumartin 75009 Parls, France -56- ANNEX 3 Page 8 of 23 13. Radda Barnen (Swedish Save the Children) Stockholm, Sweden 14. IWAN0 (Coordinating Body for NGOs active in Water and Sanitation) C/O Nlstry of Realth Nairobi, Kenya 15. Maendelo ya WanavaUke (Women's Organsation) Kinyatta Avenue Box 44412, Nairobi, Kenya 16. Kenya Voluntary Development Association P.O. Box 48902, Nairobi$ Kenya 17. National Christian Council of lKeya P.O. Box 54009 Nairobi, Keya 18. freedom from Hnger Nairobi, Kenya 19. WhTZM-AID Kr. David Collett 1 Queen Anne's Gate London Stl H 9BT 20. OXFAN (see Burundi) -57- ANNEX 3 Page 9 of 23 ASOS0TO 1. CiS (see Cameroon) 2. PLUT 156 Drakes Lane Su_mrton, Tenn. 38483 Telephone: (615) 964-3992 3. OXFlA (see Burundi) 4. HILVITAS (see Cameroon) 1. APRA (see Caeroon) 2. CARE (see Cameroon) 3. Episcopal Church of the U.S.A. 815 Second Avenue New York,, N.Y. 10017 Telephones (212) 867-8400; Telex: 971171 4. Nationa Water Wel Association (Kwh) 500 W. Wilson Bridge load Worthington, Oh. 43083 Telephon:s (614) 846-9335; Telex 245488 1. P D3tIJAA Hr. Gerard Rakotondrainibe, Director B.P. 3875 Antanaarivo5, Nadagaskar Telephones 40575g Telex: 22261 2. CR8 (see Cameroon) 3. CU8 (see Kenya) 4. Luther Church Developmnt (Mrs. Katherine Quanbeck) B.P. 880 Atananarivo, 01, Wadgakar Telephone: 25201; Telex El - 58 - ANNEX 3 Page 10 of 23 MALAWI 1. OXPAM (see Burundi) 2. CWS (see Kenya) 3. Christian AID (see Mozaibique) 4. Voluntary Service Overseas 9 Belgrave St. London, WS1X SPW, England 5. AMREF (see Kenya) 6. Private Hospital Association of Malawi (PHAN) Nr. Tony Klonda C/O MNtistry of Health Li.longve, Malawi MALI 1. Centre de Recherche et d'Education Pour la Sante Dr. H. Balique Koloksni, Mali 2. HELVITAS (see Cameroon) 3. Christian and Missionary Alliance (CA4A) (Kr. Loyal Bowman) B.P. 19 Koutala, Mali 4. Cox (see Cameroon) 5. Foster Parents Plan (see Kenya) 6. Health Services International (HSI) 1485 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 300 McLean, Va. 22101, U.S.A. Telephone: (703) 790-1890; Telex: 64625 1. CARITAS (see Mall) 2. CRS (see Cazeroon) MAUl IUS 1. CUS (se, Kenya) -59 - AiNNEX 3 Page 11 of 23 7. CARITAS International Mr. Gerhard eiers, Secretary General Palazzo San Calisto 16 00153 Vatican City, Rome, Italy Telephone: 698-7235,; Telex: 504/2014 8. Eau Viva 4 Rue Ancelle 92203 NInllly-sur-Siene, France 9. Brace Research Institute mcGill University 1 Stewart Park Ste. Anne de Bellevue Montreal, Quebec, Canada 19X ICO Telephoue: (514) 457-2000; Telex: 05-821788 10. EUIO Action Acord (see Uganda) 11. APRICAiB (see Chad) 1. Leagu of Red Cross Societie (see Benin) 2. Christian AID Mr. Martin Bax 240/250 Perudale Road Bricton, lndon St9, England Telex: 916504 3. RELITAS (see Camroon) NIGER 1. CARTAS (see Nali) 2. Groupuent des Agences Prives B.P. 2500 1aey, INiger 3. APVP (see Burundi) 4. Christian Children's Jnd (see Kenya) S. Christian Reformed World Relief Comuittee 2850 Kalauazoo Avenue, S.E. Grand Rapids, Nichigan 49508 Telephone: (616)241-1691 -60 - ANNM 3 Page 12 of 23 6. SIN (see Ethiopia) 7. Lutheran World Relief 360 Park Avenue South New York, N.Y. 10010 Telephone: (212) 532-6350; Telez: 1U1620651 1. Comimissio one8alth and Keaing of the Lutheran Church (CEU) Missouri Synod 500 W. Broadway St. Louis, Missouri 63102 Telephone: (314) 231-6969 2. Church of the Brethren Mission (CNN) Mr. Owen Shankster Box 626 Joa, Plateau State, Nigeria Cable: Brethren 3. NWA (nee Liberia) 4. Projects Development Institute 3 Independence Layout Boz 609, nugsu, Nigeria 5. MISEREOR P.O. Box 1450 Mozartstrasse 9, 5100 Aacheu, PRW 6. ORT (see Cameroon) RWANDA 1. COuPagnons Fontalniers Ruandais COFORVA, A.S.B.L. (Mr. Jesa Baptiste kundabatware) Nyakabanda, B.P. 53, GITARAMA, Rwanda 2. C.R.S. (see Causroon) 3. 0RT (see Cameroon) 4. A study on NGos In Rwsada was wade by MN. Linda CauviU. According to her 302 of all externAl aid to wanda Wa fro NGOs. Her report is available in the Bank with Mr. Garff, EA2DC. ANX 3 - 61 - Page 13 of 23 5. Chrstisa AMD (See Kenya) 6. AFJP (see Burundi) 7. OxFPA (see Burmdi) 1. APU (see Liberia) 2. CIS (see Cearoon) 3. *CA (see Cawaoon) 4e CARITAS (see Mali) 5. ORT (see CaMerooU) 6. OVAM (see Burundi) 7. A ICAE (see Chad) 1. CARE (see CMrooT) 2. Roster Parents Plan (see Kenya) 3. CRS (see Caeoon) 4. OXFAX (see Burundi) -62- ANNEX 3 Page 14 of 23 SOMALIA 1. Save The Children Dr. Ernest C. Grigg 54 Wilton Road Westports Conn. 06880 USA Tel. (203) 226-7272 Telex 6819138 2. CARE (see Cameroon) 3. OXPAM (see Burundi) 4. CARITAS (see Mali) 5. World Concern Mr. Richard W. Colenro 1903 Premoat Avenue North Seattle, Wash. 98133 USA Telephone: (206) 546-7201 Telex 329473 6. International Christian Aid (ICA) P. 0. BoX 250-A Glendale, CA 91209 Telephone: (2i3) 254-5273 Tele": 910-321-3328 -63- ANNEX 3 Page 15 of 23 SUDAN 1. CARE (see Cameroon) 2. OXFAX (see Cameroon) 3. NORSK RIRRENJELP (Norwegian Church Aid) Oslo, Norway 4. VSO (see Nblavi) 5. Sudan Council of Churches (Mr. James Roger Schrock) P.O. Box 469 Khartoum, Sudan 6. AMREF (see Kenya) 7. SIM (see Ethiopia) 8. Episcopal Church of U.S.A. (see Liberia) 9. Poster Parents Plan (see Renya) 10. AASF (see Cameroon) SWAZTILAND 1. APBA (see Liberia) 1. Couuty Dsveopumt bust lnd (me. Patricia Runsuzia P.O. Sox 9421 Dar so &Saa Tantania Telephoe: 31471 2. OXYAM (see Burundi) 3. Church Missionary Society (CMS) Box 302 Dodoma, Tanzania or 157 Waterloo Road, SEl London, United Kingdom - 64 - ANNEX3 Page 16 of 23 4. AMREF (see Kenya) 5. Institute of Resource Assessmnt (BRALWP) University of Dar es Salaam P.O. BOX 35097 Dar as Salaam, Tauxanis Telephone: 49030 6. Ndirima Peoples Development Co. P.O. Box 778 - SONGEA, Tanzania Rev. Gervauius P. Augustinus K.M. Ntara 7. NOVID (Netherlands Organization for International Development) The Hague, Netherlands 8. Episcopal Church of the U.S.A. (see Liberia) 9. Lutheran World Relief (see Niger) TOGO 1. Council des Organizations non-governmentaux en Activite en Togo (CONGAT). B.P. 1857 Lone, Togo. 2. Association Togolaise des Voluntairs Rue d l'Eospital B.P. 97 R Palirne, Togo 3. OXFAM (see Burundi) 4. APNA(see Liberia) 5. Forage Villageois Pour l1eau Potable Mr. John Peebles (IVEP) B.P. 30 Notse, Togo Telephone: 400086 UGANDA 1. OXPAM (see Burundi) 2. AMPEF (see Kenya) 3. Christian Reformed World Relief (see Niger) 4. International Christian Aid (ICA) (see Somalia) -65- ANNEX 3 Page 17 of 23 AU (cont.) 5. Life Water P. 0. Box 3336 South El Iarte, CA 91733 6. LICROSS (see Benin) 7. lro Action Accord Mr. Stephen Thorne P. 0. Box 280 Kampala, Uganda Telepbhe: 59495 Telex: 61119 Also: 25 Wilson Road London, swlV 1JS Telephone: (01) 828-7611 UJPPER VOLTA 1. C.R.S. (see C Qmroon) 2. Foster Parents Plan (se Kenya) 3. Action Micro-Barrage - Koudougou Mr. Alain Pemn B. P. 26 Koudougou, upper Volta 4. Centre d'ftudes o ies et Sociales de l'Afrique Occidentale (CO&) Mr. P. Buiesogge B. P. 305 Bobo Dioulasso, Upper Volta Telephone: 90491 S. Groupe de Racherche at d'Appu pour l'Autoprootion Paysanne (GRAAP) B. P. 305 Bobo Dioulso, Upper Volta 6. Mennonite Central Committee B. P. 1307 Ouagadougou, Upper Volta Telephone: 366-93 US Contact: .Mr. Tin Lint Acron, PA Telephone: (215) 241-7155 -66- ANNEX 3 VCANDA (cont.) Page 18 of 23 5. Life Water P. 0. Box 3336 South El 1 arte, CA 91733 6. LICROSS (see Benin) 7. Euro Action Accord Hr. Stephen Thorne P. 0. Box 280 Kampala, Uganda Telephone: 59495 Telex: 61119 Also: 25 Wilson Road London, St11lV 1JS Telephone: (01) 828-7611 UPPER VOLTA 1. C.R.S. (see Cmeroon) 2. Foster.Parents Plan (see KRnya) 3. Action Micro-Barrages - Koudougou Mr. Alain Peleman B. P. 26 Koudougou, Upper Volta 4. Centre d'Etudes Economiques et Sociales de l'Afrique Occidentale (CEo) Mr. P. Buissogge B. P. 305 Bobo Dioulasso, Upper Volta Telephone: 90491 S. Groupe de Recherche et d'Appui pour 'Qutopromotion Paysanue (GRAAP) B. P. 305 Bobo Dioulasso, Upper Volta 6. Mennonite Central Committee B. P. 1307 Ouagadougou, Upper Volta Telephone: 366-93 US Contact: Mr. Trin Lint Acron, PA Telephone: (215) 241-7155 - 67- ANNEX 3 Page of 19 UPPER VOLTA (cont.) 7. Mission Baptiste B.P. 580 Ouagadougou, Upper Volta Telephone: 35067 8. Projet Puits Mr. Herbert Schwartz Nouna, Upper Volta Telephone: 13 9. Sahel Solidarite B.P. 372 Ouagadougou, Upper Volta 10. SecArtariat Permanent des ONG (SPONG) s.P. 131 Ouagadougou, Upper Volta 11. League of Red Cross Society (LICROSS) (see Benin) 12.. OXFAM (see Xenya) 13. APVP (see Burundi) 14. Preedom from Hunger (French Committee) 42 Rue Cambronne 75740 Paris 15 FRANCE 15. EURO ACTION (see Uganda) 16. APRITCARE (see Cbad) ZAIRE 1. CBLZ.O. Dr. D. E. Fountain Vanga Hospital B.P. 4728 Kinashasa, Zaire -68- ANX 3 Page 20 of 23 ZAIE (Cont.) 2. Centre dt8tudes pour l'Action Socials (CEPAS) Mr. Didier de Failly 9, avenue Pbre-Boka P. 0. Box 5717 Kinsbasa, Zaire Telephone: 30-066 Telex.: 21008 3. AIDR (see Rwanda) 4. OM! (see Cameroon} 5. Ill:Sl (see Nigeria) 6. OXFA (see Burundi) 7. Board of International Milztries Americn Baptist Church Valley Forge, PA 19481 Telepbone: (215) 768-2000 ZA5IA 1. Zambia Council for Social Developmt P. 0. Box 50369 Lusaka, Zambia 2. 011A4 (see Burundi) 3. LICROSS (se Benin) 4. NOVIB (see Tanzania) 5. VSO (se Malawi) 6. Rotary Internatioea Evanston, Ill. USA' 7. Salvation Amy Capt. Roland J. Swell P. 0. Box 34352 Lusaka, Zambia Telephone: 212566 - 69- A=X 3 Page 21 of 23 ZA2BIA (Coant.) 8. American Friends Service Comittee (APSC) 1501 Cherry Streot Phiadelphi, PA 19102 Telepbone: (215) 241-7000 ZThIWE 1. Lutberan World Relief (see Niger) 2. OXIA)4 (see Burundi) - 70 - ANNEX 3 Page 22 of 23 List B. List of NGOs with Estimated Annual Investments of Over US$1 million in Water SuPPlY and Saritation Sector 1. CARE (Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere) 660 First Avenue New York, N. Y. 10016, U.S.A. Mr. Louis Sarnia, Executive Director Telephone: (212) 686-3110 2. Caritas International Palazzo San Calisto 00120 Vatican City, Rome, Italy Mr. Gerhard Meier, Secretary General Telephone: 698-7235; telex: 504/2014 3. Catholic Relief Services 1011 First Avenue New York, N. Y. 10022, U.S.A. Telephone: (212) 838-4700. Telex: 224241/667207 4. CCPD (Comite Catholique contre la faim et Pour le Developpement 4 Rue Jean Lantier 75006 Pafis, France 5. CEBEMO (Central Agency for Joint Financing Development Programs) Van Alkemadelaan 1 2509 Ls Den Haag, Netherlands 6. ELC Water Development Project Betul, Madbya Pradesh, India 7. ICCO (Interchurch Coordination Cowmittee for Development Projects) Zeist 8. MISEREOR Nozart strasse 9 5100 Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany 9. NOVID (Netherlands Organization for International Development Cooperation) Amaliastraat 5-7 2514 JC Den Haag, Netherlands 10. OXFAM 274 Banbury Road Oxford, England Mr. Jim Howard, Technical Director Telephone: 56777; Telex 83610 71 - ANNEX 3 Page 23 of 23 11. Save the Children Fund 157 Clapham Road London SW9, United Kingdom