RP1312 v5 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA FINAL RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN ORIGINAL March 2012 Rev-1 Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table of Contents Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................1  PROJECT LOCATION MAP..............................................................................................3  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................4  I.  Purpose of the Report............................................................................................... 4  II.  Background and Justification ................................................................................... 4  III.  Objective and Scope .............................................................................................. 4  IV.  Methodology ......................................................................................................... 4  V.  Project Description................................................................................................... 5  VI.  Potential Impacts ................................................................................................... 5  VII.  Impact Mitigation, Socio-environmental Management and Monitoring Plans ..... 9  VIII.  Estimated Cost for the Implementation of RAP ................................................ 9  IX.  Conclusion and Recommendation ....................................................................... 11  1.  INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................12  1.1  Background ......................................................................................................... 12  1.2  Objective of the Study ......................................................................................... 12  1.3  Scope of the Report ............................................................................................. 12  1.4  Methodology of the Study ................................................................................... 12  1.4.1  Collection of Available Data ....................................................................... 13  1.4.2  Field Visits ................................................................................................... 13  1.4.3  Consultations and Focus Group Discussions ............................................... 13  1.4.4  Application of Standard Valuation Method of Assets ................................. 14  1.5  Organization of the Report .................................................................................. 14  2.  DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ROAD ............................................................16  2.1  Project Road Location and Administrative Setup ............................................... 16  3.  POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 21  3.1  Review of Policies ............................................................................................... 21  3.1.1  The Constitution of the FDRE ..................................................................... 21  3.1.2  Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ................................................................ 21  3.1.3  World Bank Safeguard Policies ................................................................... 22  3.1.4  The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA ...................... 24  3.2  Review of Relevant Laws and Regulations......................................................... 25  3.2.1  The Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation ..................... 25  3.2.2  The 1960 Civil Code of Ethiopia on Expropriation ..................................... 25  3.2.3  Right of Way ................................................................................................ 26  3.2.4  Properties to be compensated....................................................................... 26  RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3.2.5  Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation, Proclamation No. 455/2005 .............................................................. 26  3.2.6  Procedures for Dispute Settlement............................................................... 28  3.3  Institutional and Administrative Framework ...................................................... 29  3.3.1  The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and Administration Regions 29  3.3.2  Ministry of Finance and Economic Development ....................................... 29  3.3.3  The Environmental Protection Authority..................................................... 29  3.3.4  Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) ............................................................... 29  3.3.5  Regional Governments................................................................................. 30  3.4  Application of Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework in the Context of the Project ............................................................................................................................ 31  4.  SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT...................................................................32  4.1  Location and Administrative Organization ......................................................... 32  4.2  Demographic Features......................................................................................... 32  4.3  Ethnic Composition ............................................................................................. 32  4.4  Economy.............................................................................................................. 32  4.5  Physical and Social Infrastructural Facility Services .......................................... 35  4.5.1  Public Health ................................................................................................ 35  4.5.2  Education ..................................................................................................... 36  4.5.3  Markets and Other Social Facilities ............................................................. 37  4.5.4  Houses and Housing Facilities ..................................................................... 37  4.5.5  Community Structure ................................................................................... 38  4.5.6  Communication Transportation Services ..................................................... 38  4.6  Social Development Support Institutions and Services ...................................... 38  4.6.1  Administrative units and NGOs at Local Areas .......................................... 38  5.  SURVEYS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ..............................................39  5.1  Posotive impacts .................................................................................................. 39  5.2  Negative or Adverse Impacts .............................................................................. 39  5.2.1  Loss of Houses ............................................................................................. 39  5.2.2  Loss of Fences.............................................................................................. 41  5.2.3  Loss of Fruit and Economically Important Trees ........................................ 42  5.2.4  Loss of Crop Land ....................................................................................... 43  5.2.5  Loss of Communal Properties ...................................................................... 43  6.  SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS .......44  6.1  Introduction ......................................................................................................... 45  6.2  Characteristics of the Project Affected Households (PAHHs)............................ 45  6.2.1  Distribution of PAPs by Location ................................................................ 45  6.2.2  Household Size and Total Population to be Affected by the Project Road Construction ............................................................................................................... 45  6.2.3  Gender Composition of the Project Affected Household Heads ................. 46  6.2.4  Ethnicity and Religion ................................................................................. 46  6.2.5  Occupations of the PAHHs .......................................................................... 46  RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 6.2.6  Vulnerable Groups ....................................................................................... 47  6.2.7  Compensation Options ................................................................................. 47  6.2.8  Measures to Minimize Relocation/Resettlement ......................................... 47  7.  PUBLIC CONSULTATION .....................................................................................49  7.1  Consultations with Local Communities .............................................................. 49  7.2  Consultations with Respective Wereda Administration Officials....................... 49  7.3  Consultation with Elwoya Town Officials .......................................................... 50  7.4  Consultations with the Project Affected People .................................................. 50  7.5  Social Acceptability of the Project Road ............................................................ 51  8.  PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ............................................................................................52  9.  ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND ENTITLEMENT ..................................................53  9.1  Eligibility Criteria ............................................................................................... 53  9.2  Resettlement Sites ............................................................................................... 53  9.3  Income Restoration Measures ............................................................................. 54  9.4  Entitlement Matrix .............................................................................................. 54  10.  IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF THE RAP ......................................................56  10.1  Institutions Involved in the RAP Implementation ........................................... 56  10.2  General Steps for the Implementation of RAP ................................................ 57  10.2.1  Formulation of the RIC ................................................................................ 58  10.2.2  Delivery of Compensation Payments and Procedure................................... 58  10.2.3  RAP Implementation Schedule .................................................................... 58  11.  SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT ..................61  11.1  Background ...................................................................................................... 61  11.2  Anticipated Socio-Environmental Impacts due to the RAP Implementation .. 61  11.2.1  Social Impacts of Relocation ....................................................................... 61  11.2.2  Impact of the Project on HIV/AIDS ............................................................ 61  11.2.3  Action Plan to control HIV/AIDS Pandemic ............................................... 61  11.3  Socio-Environmental Protection and Management Considerations ................ 62  11.4  Socio-Environmental Management Plan ......................................................... 63  12.  GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................64  12.1  Need for Grievance Redress ............................................................................ 64  12.2  Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................................... 64  12.3  Function of the Grievance Committee............................................................. 64  12.4  Response Time ................................................................................................ 65  13.  MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN ..........................................................66  13.1  The Need for Monitoring and Evaluation Plan ............................................... 66  13.2  Internal Monitoring of Project Input and Output Indicators Monitoring ........ 66  RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 13.3  External Monitoring of Project Outcome/Impact Indicators ........................... 68  13.4  Project Evaluation............................................................................................ 69  14.  RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST ............................................................................71  14.1  Introduction ..................................................................................................... 71  14.2  Methodology Adopted for Valuation of Affected Assets ................................ 71  14.2.1  Methods of Valuing Replacement Cost for the Affected House and Other Structures ................................................................................................................... 71  14.2.2  Compensation Cost of Houses and Other Structures ................................... 72  14.2.3  Compensation for the Loss of Fruit and Economically Important Trees..... 73  14.2.4  Compensation for Loss of Fences ................................................................ 73  14.2.5  Compensation for Loss of Crop Land .......................................................... 74  14.2.6  Compensation Estimate for Communal Properties ...................................... 75  14.2.7  Resettlement & Rehabilitation Support Costs ............................................. 75  14.2.8  Summary of Estimated Cost for the Implementation of RAP ..................... 77  15.  CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .........................................................80  REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................81  ANNEXES .........................................................................................................................84  ANNEX 1....................................................................................................................... 85  LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF CONSULTATIONS.................................................... 85  ANNEX 2....................................................................................................................... 88  MINUTES OF MEETINGS WITH WOREDA OFFICIALS ....................................... 88  ANNEX 3....................................................................................................................... 96  LIST OF PAPS AND TYPE OF IMPACTS UNDER OPTION ONE (30M ROW IN URBAN AREAS & 50M ROW IN RURAL AREAS) ................................................. 96  ANNEX 4....................................................................................................................... 13  ADDITIONAL AFFECTED PAPS AND TYPE OF IMPACTS UNDER OPTION TWO (50M ROW IN ALL AREAS) ............................................................................. 13  ANNEX 5......................................................................................................................... 5  LIST OF AFFECTED FENCES ...................................................................................... 5  ANNEX 6......................................................................................................................... 9  LIST OF VULNERABLE PAPS ..................................................................................... 9  ANNEX 7....................................................................................................................... 11  CURRENT COST OF HOUSE CONSTRUCTION AT YABELO ZONE (OBTAINED FROM YABELO MUNICIPALITY) ............................................................................ 11  ANNEX 8....................................................................................................................... 13  SOME PICTURES OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................ 13  RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 1 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAC Arbitration Appraisal Committee AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome AfDB African Development Bank masl meter above sea level Art. Article CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet Com Commercial Const Construction CPR Common Property Resources CSA Central Statistical Authority CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia ETB Ethiopian Birr F Female GC Grievance Committee GCRC Gross Current Replacement Cost EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EISR Environmental Impact Study Report EMP Environmental Management Plan EMSB Environmental Management and Safety Branch EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPs Eligible Persons EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ERA Ethiopian Road Authority ESAP Environmental and Social Assessment Procedure FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FEPA Federal Environmental Protection Authority FGDs Focus Group Discussions Ha Hectare HH Household HHs Households HIV Human Immuno Virus Km Kilo meter RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 2 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) L Length M Male M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Mt Meters NGOs None Governmental Organizations No. Number PAPs Project Affected Persons PAHHs Project Affected Households PIA Project Influence Area Qt. Quintal R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RIC Resettlement Implementation Committee ROW Right of Way RRA Regional Road Authority RH Residential House RSDP Road Sector Development Program SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program SEIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan Shoats Sheep and goats STDs sexually transmitted diseases STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan WB World Bank W Width RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 3 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) PROJECT LOCATION MAP KONSO YABELO RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 4 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. Purpose of the Report This document is designed to present the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Konso – Yabelo Road Project. The primary purpose of it is to ensure that a systematic assessment of potential losses will be made and action taken to minimize damage or loss to affected peoples by the construction of proposed road project. II. Background and Justification The Constitution of Ethiopia in Art 44.2, recognized that all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of state programs, have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance. Thus, persons who have lost their land or other assets as a result of acquisition of such land for the purpose of road works are entitled to be compensated to a similar land plus the related costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings, crops or fruit trees that are part of the land etc. The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework prepared by ERA also expressly and appropriately recognizes that Art. 44.2 of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provide the basis for the compensation procedures and the legal framework for its resettlement and rehabilitation policy (ERA, 2002, p.13). Specifically, ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework in its page 10 stated the preconditions for conducting Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The main criteria or precondition is number of project affected individuals in one or more of the sub projects. It emphasized that when more than 200 persons are going to be affected by the project, it requires preparation of detail resettlement action plan. Concerning the Konso – Yabelo road project, SEIA and land acquisition reports revealed that the number of project affected people (PAPs) throughout the project length is more than 200. Therefore, based on recommendation of the SEIA, findings of land acquisition report, ERA’s resettlement framework and World Bank guideline for resettlement, preparation of RAP is of a paramount importance and mandatory. Therefore, against the above background and as per the request of ERA, this RAP report is prepared. Detailed description of the existing road (ROW), the extent of the existing road that will be rehabilitated and the amount that will be new construction, the drainage works that will be installed and their impact on farmer’s field, borrow pits, quarries, construction repots and etc of land in –takes are outlined and presented in the final detailed design reports project description section (section 2, page 16 to 20). III. Objective and Scope The aim of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is to mitigate the adverse significant socio- environmental impacts of the Road Project before the commencement of its physical works. This RAP report focus and discusses all the details of the resettlement action plan including the list of PAPs and affected properties, socio-economic profile of the PAPs, cost of RAP, etc. IV. Methodology This RAP has been prepared based on the field investigations, consultations with the project affected persons (PAPs) and the project design prepared by the Consultant. Moreover, the RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 5 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Consultants have carried out household socio-economic survey for the preparation of RAP in accordance with the EPA’s and ERA’s guidelines. The survey was conducted in order to provide baseline data for the preparation of the RAP. In addition to household survey collection of available data, field visits, consultations and focus group discussions were deployed. Moreover, relevant policies, legislations and guidelines were reviewed and incorporated in the report. More attention was given for the SEIA guidelines of EPA, ERA and World Bank guidelines. This RAP study has been conducted in accordance to these guidelines and policies. V. Project Description The Konso – Yabelo Road Project starts at about 1.5 km away from Konso town in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) and heads towards southeast to reach Yabelo town located in the Oromia Regional State. The total length of the project is 105 km. However, about 2.5km of the road at Yabelo town has recently been upgraded to a dual carriageway asphalt surfaced road standard. Detailed description of the existing road ROW, the extent of the existing road that will be upgraded and the amount that will be new construction, the drainage works that will be installed and their impact on farmer’s field, borrow pits, quarries, construction depots and etc of land in – takes are outlined and presented in the detailed final design report, the summaries are presented in project description secion 2 on page 5-9, and impact identification on section 5 page 40-46) The Road Project is aimed at improving the road network of the country both quantitatively and qualitatively. Besides increasing the road network and creating road access to the local people residing in the project area, the construction of the road will provide alternative route for Addis Ababa – Moyale road (through Addis Ababa – Hossana – Arbaminch – Konso – Yabelo). VI. Potential Impacts Positive Impacts Construction of the proposed project will have several positive impacts. The major beneficiary impacts include:  Provide alternative route for Addis Ababa – Moyale road (through Addis Ababa – Hossana – Arbaminch – Konso – Yabelo),  Promote tourism and development of natural resources,  Income generation and poverty alleviation,  Improvements in transportation,  Creat access for food aid transportation in times of drought and other natural risks. Negative or Adverse Impacts The Consultant has carried out update of census and assets inventory along the project road assuming Three ROW options: Option One: 30 m in town sections and 50 m in rural areas, and Option Two: 50 m in all areas. Option Three: 30m in town section and 40m inrural areas RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 6 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 0-1 to 0-5 show the identified adverse impacts by comparing option One, Two and three in terms of the magnitude of impacts on the loss of houses, other infrastructures, fences, trees, and land acquisition requirement for Road Alignment. Table 0-1 Number of houses to be affected under options One , Two and three Option Option one (30m Three (30m Option Two ROW in urban ROW in Woreda Kebeles (50m ROW areas and 50 m in urban areas in all areas) rural areas) and40 m in rural areas) Konso - 0 0 0 Yabelo Elwoya 76 104 76 Arare 21 21 21 Kebel 1 54 73 54 Kebel 2 62 82 62 Teltele Birindar 4 19 4 Total 217 299 217 Table 0-2 Affected Fences under Option One and Three Number Length of Wereda Keble Type of Fence of PAPs Fence in m Konso - - - Teltele Birindar 2 Vegetal (live fence) 105 Masonry 178 Masonry & metal 1728 Keble 1 28 Wood 573 Wood & wire 143 Vegetal (live fence) 33 Keble 2 Masonry 488 Yabelo Masonry & metal 182 30 Wood 875 Wood & wire 387 Vegetal (live fence) 124 Elwoya Wood 62 3 Vegetal (live fence) 134 Total 5003 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 7 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 0-3 Affected Fences under Option Two Number Length of Wereda Keble Type of Fence of PAPs Fence in m Konso - - - Teltele Birindar Vegetal (live fence) 2 105 Masonry 178 Masonry & metal 1724 Keble 1 28 Wood 573 Wood & wire 143 Vegetal (live fence) 33 Keble 2 Masonry 488 Yabelo Masonry & metal 182 31 Wood 899 Wood & wire 387 Vegetal (live fence) 124 Elwoya Wood 62 3 Vegetal (live fence) 134 Total 5032 Table 0-4 Number of fruit and commercial trees situated in Option One, Two and Three Number of trees Number of trees Number of trees Fruit/tree type in Option One* in Option Two* in Option Three* Mango 6 6 6 Moringa/Shiferaw 96 96 96 Terminalia 20 20 20 Banana 1set 1set 1set *Since all the fruit and commercial trees are located in rural areas, there is no difference in both options Table 0-5 Land requirement for various purposes of the project road construction under option Land Area of land to be taken in Hectares Land use Land required Option Option Remark type Option One ownership for Two Three Farm/crop Road 22.8 22.8 18.24 Individual Land to land land widening farmers compensation could be possible for Teltele and Yabelo Woredas, but the same is not possible in Konso as there is shortage of farm land Bush/ Road 334 334 267.2 communal Compensation grazing land widening may not be required Farm or Constructi 10 10 8 Individual/ Compensation grazing land on camp communal may or may not be required depending on its RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 8 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Land Area of land to be taken in Hectares Land use Land required Option Option Remark type Option One ownership for Two Three location Bush/grazing Borrow 15 15 12 Individual/ Compensation land and communal may not be quarry required area Bush/grazing Crasher 5 5 4 Individual/ Compensation /farm land site communal may or may not be required depending on its location Bush/grazing Explosive 0.5 0.5 0.4 Individual/ Compensation /farm land storage communal may or may not be required depending on its location Estimated 387.3 387.3 309.84 total Impact on Common Property/ Resources Common properties as commonly understood include water sources, religious places, cemeteries, market places, etc. Due to the proposed road construction few of such properties would be affected. The land acquisition assessment revealed that a mosque at Yabelo a Protestant Church at Birindar, a Holy Sprit Church at Yabelo town and two burial houses of St. Mary Church at Yabelo would be affected. Table 0-6 List of affected communal properties under option one and option two Type of Location/town Number of affected communal property communal Under under Option Under option property Option One Two Three Mosque Elwoya 1 1 1 Grave house Yabelo St Mariy 2 2 2 Church Protestant Birindar - 1 - Church Office Yabelo St Mariy - 1 - Church Holy sprit Yabelo - 1 - Church Total 3 6 3 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 9 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) VII. Impact Mitigation, Socio-environmental Management and Monitoring Plans Mitigation, management and monitoring plan have been developed to mitigate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts associated with the proposed project. The mitigation plan incorporates measures that include protection, mitigation and enhancement measures. The monitoring plan has been developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation plan. Monitoring would be under taken to evaluate the success or failure of the mitigation plan measures. The mitigation plan has been developed so that the impacts that cannot be mitigated are minimized to the maximum extent possible. The combination of the Socio-environmental mitigation plan and monitoring plan would result in the creation of a mechanism for the effective management of all environmental and socio economic consequences associated with the project to enable the project to proceed in an environmentally sound manner. VIII. Estimated Cost for the Implementation of RAP The estimated cost for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the project road is summarized below in Table 0-6. The cost estimates have been computed for Option One and Option Two and Three estimated. cost for option one and three is similar and less compared to option while the consultant recommend the best alternative to minimize the resettlement impact by determination of ROW in the final are 40m ROW. Hence it is recommended that option 3 is the best option in terms of design, enviromental, social, economic and final liability for the implementation. Our recommendation is to choose Option One to minimize adverse impacts. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 10 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Option Three (30m Option One (30m ROW ROW in urban Option Two (50m N in town section & 50m section and 40m Cost Items Unit Unit rate ROW in all areas) o. ROW in rural areas) ROW urban section all areas) Qty ETB Qty ETB Qty ETB A Compensat    ion 1 Replacemen m2 Various 10366 21,722,887 14092 28,969,89 10366 21,722,8 t cost of 4 87 houses 2 Compensati Number Various various 50,100 various 50,100 various 50,100 on for trees 3 Compensati Meter Various 5003 871,300 5003 874,200 5003 871,300 on for fences 4 Compensati    Various 346 988,522 616 1759912 346 988,522 on for communal properties 5 Compensati Qt. Various various 2,426,680 various 2,426,680 various 2,426,68 on for crop 0 Sub- Total:    26,059,489 34,080,78 26,059,4 Compensat 6 89 ion B Resettleme    nt Support 7 Shifting No. of 150 217 32,550 299 44,850 150 217 cost HH 8 Transitional No. of 472.5 1296 1,837.080 1645 2,331,787. 472.5 1296 allowance PAPs 50 9 Cost of No. of 70 217 15,190 299 20,930 70 217 replacement HH land preparation Support for No. of Lump 11,000 11,000 11,000 vulnerable HH sum PAPs Sub-Total:    1,751,235 2,408,568 1,751,23 Assistance 5 C Support for    Project Implement ation 10 External L.S 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Monitoring and Evaluation Consultants 11 Internal L.S 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 M&E Cost 12 RIC budget L.S 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 11 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 13 PAP L.S 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 training 14 Fee for L.S 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 NGO for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 15 Environmen L.S 270,000 270,000 270,000 270,000 tal managemen t cost of the resettlement area Sub- Total:    905,000 905,000 905,000 Support Total    28,715,724 37,394,35 28,715,7 (A+B+C) 4 24 D Contingenc    2,871,572.40 3,739,435. 2,871,57 y (10% of 40 2.40 the total cost) E Adm. Cost    1,435,786.20 1,869,717. 1,435,78 (5 % of the 70 6.20 Total RAP Cost) Grand    33,023,082.6 43,003,50 33,023,0 Total 0 7.10 82.60 (A+B+C+D ) In terms of    33.02 43 33.02 Million ETB IX. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on analysis and synthesis of the study findings, it is concluded that there is no impact that cannot be mitigated, reduced or minimized provided that the proposed mitigation measures and this RAP are implemented properly. On top of this conclusion, it is recommended that based on tentative proposed schedule and activities the project proponent should take the initiative to implement the tasks successfully. As it has been shown in the above Table, the total estimated cost for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the project road is Birr 33.02 Million for Option One and Option Two and Birr 43 Million for Option Three respectively. To minimize the RAP implementation cost and to reduce overall impact of the project, it is recommended to implement Option One that limits the ROW to 30 m at urban settlement areas and 50 m ROW in rural areas. In the meantime this Option will allow ERA future road widening in order to upgrade it to Highway Standard (4 lanes + paved shoulders) without additional cost, leaving room also to side utilities as telecommunications and electric power lines, since within the 50m ROW in rural areas no farms are actually established. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 12 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Konso – Yabelo road project starts at about 1.5 km away from the Konso town and heads towards southeast to reach Yabelo town located in the Oromia Regional State. The total length of the project is 105 km. The Road Project is aimed at improving the road network of the country in both quantitatively and qualitatively. Besides increasing the road network and creating road access to the local people residing in the project area, the construction of the road will provide alternative route for Addis Ababa – Moyale road (through Addis Ababa – Hossana – Arbaminch – Konso – Yabelo). However, it is a fact that road construction does not always have high socio-economic benefits without causing adverse effects on socio-environment. Serious disruption of the bio-physical resources, social structures and infrastructures can result if a road project is designed and constructed without considering socio-environmental issues. Hence, the primary purpose of this study is preparing Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to mitigate the possible socio-economic impacts of the road project. 1.2 Objective of the Study The Konso – Yabelo road Project involves acquisition of land for the road alignment and this will cause displacement of people and require involuntary resettlement of some of the project beneficiaries that fall within the right-of-way. Involuntary displacement are serious problems, if not handled proactively as these are the major components of the socioeconomic impacts which may lead to loss of land, crops, dismantlement of production systems, disintegration of the social fabric and loss of various social values, propagation of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pandemic of HIV/AIDS besides physical deterioration of the environment, such as soil erosion, shortage and contamination of water etc. The objective of this study is, therefore, to prepare a RAP for the Konso – Yabelo road project, so that the adverse social impacts as a result of the road construction can be mitigated successfully. 1.3 Scope of the Report The Konso – Yabelo road project according to EPA criteria is a Category I Project and it will affect more than 200 people. Therefore, it warrants a full RAP to mitigate the impacts and support the project affected people (PAPs). Hence the scope of this assessment is identifying the magnitude of the impacts and preparation of RAP to mitigate the identified impacts. 1.4 Methodology of the Study The Consultant has carried out field study for the preparation of RAP in accordance with the EPA’s, ERA’s and World Bank guidelines. The Environmental Assessment (EA) guidelines prepared by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) of Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Roads Authority’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework require development projects to reduce adverse impacts on the physical, biological, and socio-economic environments. In keeping with the idea of minimizing impacts, the Consultants have collected and analyzed data corresponding with two proposed right of way options. (Option One and option Two). Option One allows 30m in urban areas and 50m in rural areas, while option Two allows 50m ROW in all areas. The methodology adopted for the preparation of this RAP is presented bellow in brief. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 13 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 1.4.1 Collection of Available Data The Consultant collected and reviewed project specific background documents and published regulations, guidelines, national policy papers, CSA’s census reports and documents. The relevant national legislative and institutional framework, etc. have also been reviewed. 1.4.2 Field Visits This report has been based mainly on field assessment of the project affected people and properties. Detailed field survey were carried out in all the project areas in order to obtain primary facts of existing socioeconomic and environmental conditions and also to put the proposed designs and construction works into context. The primary data generation in the field was made with the help of local enumerators who were trained by the Consultant. In addition to this land acquisition data and survey information were utilized. The Consultant has carried out census and assets inventory along the project road assuming two ROW options: Option One: 30 m ROW in town sections and 50 m ROW in rural areas, and Option Two: 50 m ROW in all areas. The focal area of the census was:  Identification of displaced persons by the project;  Categorization and documentation of potential loss;  Physical measurements of the affected assets/structures, including their likely compensation valuation;  Household characteristics, including social, economic and demographic profile; and  The extent to which a particular type of loss is partial or total. The socio-economic household survey included various components and generated relevant gender disaggregated data; inter alia:  Land use pattern within the right-of-ways;  Assessment of various kinds of production and marketing activities; and  Quality of life (through the assessment of asset holdings and expenditure pattern). 1.4.3 Consultations and Focus Group Discussions The field visits also included interviews and discussions with the PAPs, local authorities and various stakeholders in order to gain supplementary information on socio-economic and socio- cultural conditions of the project area, and views on various aspects of the project. The consultations were also designed to obtain background information relevant to socio-economic impact assessment and in particular, to identify any areas of specific concern that need to be addressed. The lists of officials, organizations and individuals consulted by the Consultant are attached to this report as Annex 1A and 1B. Focus group discussions (FGDs) have been carried out with, such as, a group of community members and a group of officials to inform the people about the project and its significance, and elicit from the people or the interest groups their opinions about how to go about and as well to seek their cooperation for the implementation of the project. The minutes of these meetings are recorded and are officially certified. These are appended to this report as Annexes 2. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 14 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 1.4.4 Application of Standard Valuation Method of Assets The methodology for valuation of loss of assets/properties has been adopted from compensation principles from ERA’s Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and based on the proclamation issued by the Government regarding expropriation of property. Proclamation No. 455/2005 sets out the method of valuating property. Given that no valuation formula for determining compensation has been set at a national level or through regulations; such valuation is currently carried out by Property Valuation Committees established in accordance with the Proclamation. According to Article 10: 1. “Where the land to be expropriated is located in a rural area, the property situated thereon shall be valued by a committee of not more than five experts having the relevant qualification and to be designated by the woreda administration�. Similarly, land in an urban area will be valued by a committee of experts, designated by the urban administration. 2. In addition, “where the property situated on land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and experience, it shall be valued by a separate committee of experts to be designated by the woreda/urban administration. According to the World Bank, “with regard to land and structures, ‘replacement cost’ is defined as follows:  For agricultural land, it is the pre-project or pre-displacement market value of land (whichever is higher) of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.  For land in urban areas, it is the pre-displacement market value of land of equal size and use, with similar or improved public infrastructure facilities and services and located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.  For houses and other structures, it is the market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality similar to or better than those of the affected structure, or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, plus the cost of any labour and contractors’ fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. In determining the replacement cost, depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an affected asset�. The Bank requires that, where domestic law does not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation be supplemented by additional measures so as to meet the replacement cost standard. Based on these principles, a feasible and acceptable resettlement and compensation package for the Project Affected Persons is prepared and presented in this RAP. 1.5 Organization of the Report This RAP report is organized as per the following structure:  Chapter 1 Introduction;  Chapter 2 Description of the Project Road;  Chapter 3 Policy, Legal , Institutional and administrative Framework; RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 15 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  Chapter 4 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Affected Persons;  Chapter 5 Surveys and Identification of Impacts  Chapter 6 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Affected Persons;  Chapter 7 Public Consultations;  Chapter 8: Public Disclosure  Chapter 9 Eligibility Criteria and Entitlement Matrix;  Chapter 10 Implementation Process of the RAP;  Chapter 11 Socio-Environmental Protection and Management;  Chapter 12 Grievance Redress Mechanism;  Chapter 13 Monitoring and Evaluation Plan; and  Chapter 14 RAP Implementation Cost RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 16 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ROAD 2.1 Project Road Location and Administrative Setup The Konso – Yabelo road project which is part of RSDP to increase road net work interconnect two regions, namely Oromia and SNNPR. The project road starts at about 1.5 km away from the Konso town and heads towards southeast to reach Yabelo town located in the Oromia Regional State. The total length of the road is about 105km including about 2.5km in Yabelo town which is recently upgraded to a dual carriageway asphalt surfaced road. There for redefining of the project road lenth in accordance to the above discussion would reduce the total length of the project road from 105 km to 102.5km of which the first 35.5 km (Konso- Birindar) is dry weather road with no drainage structures; while the remaing 62.0 km (Birindar- Yabelo) is a gravel road. The rest 5km from Yabelo Town to Moyale road junction is an existing asphalt surfaced road. Administratively, the first 21km of the Road lies in Konso Special Woreda of the SNNPR and the remaining part in Teltele and Yabelo Woredas of Borena Zone in Oromia Region. 2.2. Project components The works of proposed project components comprise of upgrading the existing earth/ gravel road to a high DS4 standard paved road with a 7-m wide carriageway inclusive of 1.50m each treated shoulders for a total length of 102.5km between Konso and Yabelo. The road will be treated with Double Bituminous Surface Treatment. It also includes construction of three major bridges and approximately 171 drainage structures comprising 61 box culverts, 32 low water bridges and precast concrete pipes. In general, the upgrading of road requires three fundamental activities that are directly or indirectly related to environment. These three fundamental aspects to upgrading the road are  Widening to allow passage of two-way traffic  Construction of a durable and maintainable road pavement  Provision of drainage structures to allow all-weather access. Widening involves the clearance of the vegetation alongside the road, the removal of the compressible topsoil material (stockpiled for later spreading onto the side slopes), and the extraction from borrow pits of material suitable for the earthworks, except wher this is available from road cuttings. Water is also required for this operation. The road pavements works involve the extraction of selected gravel material from borrow pits, quarry areas and its incorporation into the works. Water is also required. The structural works involve the construction of bridge and culverts at all watercourses or drainage paths intercepted by the road. Details description of the existing road ROW; the extent of the road that will be upgraded, the drainage works that will be installed and their impact on farmer’s field, borrow pits, quarries, construction depots and any other additional land –takes are presented in final detail design reports of the proposed project’s report. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 17 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) BIRINDAR ELWEYA LEGEND: PROJECT ROAD MAJOR TOWNS SMALL TOWNS YAVELLO SANCTUARY Figure 1: Project Road Location Map The Road Project is aimed at improving the road network of the country in both quantitatively and qualitatively. Besides increasing the road network and creating road access to the local people residing in the project area, the construction of the road will provide alternative route for Addis Ababa – Moyale road (through Addis Ababa – Hossana – Arbaminch – Konso – Yabelo). 2.3 The project enviroment The physiography of the Konso – Yabelo Road Project is part of the Rift Valley Lakes Basin, which has diverse landforms. The project is situated in middle and lowland area, which has an elevation range of 400 m above sea level to around 1,900m. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 18 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Topographically, the project road starts at an altitude of 1350 masl and traverses through rolling and mountainous terrain for the first 16 km. It then traverses through rolling terrain up to km 25, after which the terrain is mostly flat up to km 70. The road section after km 70 traverses through flat and rolling terrain up to km 88 where the terrain changes to mountainous. The altitude reaches its highest level, 1950 masl, around km 92. The mountainous terrain continues up to km 97 while being interrupted by small stretches of rolling terrain. After km 97 the terrain becomes rolling up to km 101. The rest of the section up to the end of the project road traverses through flat terrain. The terrain classiciation of the project road as observed during the site vist is presented in the following table 2.2 Table 2.2 Terrain clssiciation of Konso-Yabelo Road. Section Terrain class From To 0+000 16+000 Mountainous 16+000 25+000 Rolling 25+000 70+000 Flat 70+000 76+000 Rolling 76+000 83+000 Flat 83+000 88+000 Rolling 88+000 97+000 Mountainous 97+000 101+000 Rolling Table 2.3 Majour Towns and vilages NO. TOWN NAME LOCATION (STATION) 1. Konso (Karat) 0+000 2. Birindar 35+000 3. Elwoya 73+000 4. Yabelo 103+500 Hydrology and Drainage The flow in the catchments is predominantly canalized. Most of the streams have well defined canals and are stabilized through time. As the route traverses though varied relief between konso and Yabelo it crosses a number of minor and major drainage areas. There are about 20 small and large bridges, 8 box culverts and about 80 pipe culverts. The largest rivers are Myra, segen and Masgerada, located at Km 14, 18 and 52 respectively. All the streams except segen are seasonal, flowing only during the rainy season. Most of them have flows for a short duration after the rains. During the field visit on july 8/2009-2010 and RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 19 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) September 2011 the Segen River was dry. This is probably due to the exceptional draught occurred in the area. Climate The climate of the Konso area classified as tropical climate with mean annual rainfall varying between 500 mm and 1000mm. the elevation varies from 400 masl to around 1900 masl. As the road descends to Birindar, the climate changes to the hot semi-arid condition with mean annual rainfall ranging from 400mm to 800mm. The mean annual temperature ranges from 200c in konso and 250c to 300c in Yabelo. Daily range of temperature is high while annual range is small. The variation in the amount of solar radiation received dialy is small throughout the year. Scope of Service The Consultant shall perform all the work necessary to achieve the objectives of the assignment and, shall at all times, utilize the most economical, effective and widely accepted engineering concepts in the Endeavour. The Consultant shall closely work with ERA, which will administrate the contract, as well as other agencies related to the project. The Consultant shall provide all required personnel for the completion of the assignment. The Consultant shall also take proper account of development activities along the road corridor and specifically to the master plans of towns traversed by the proposed route. Joint sessions (ERA, town administration official and the Consultant) will be conducted to have a common understanding of the town's future development plants to consider them as far as practicable in designing the road. These may include, but not be limited to, the extent of the application of the town section standard, bus bays and other vehicle and truck parking, utility locations, provision of pedestrian facilities, drainage, etc. Where appropriated, and in consultation with ERA and local officials and communities, locate or identify potential locations and provide prototype standard designs for the collection and distribution of rain and spring water, and any storage facilities/tans, wells, etc, required for water supply and/or irrigation of adjacent farmlands. Required Standard of the Work The Engineering Design services will involve furnishing the design, complete in all respects, including all filed and office work, in accordance with the highest standards of the engineering professions. It includes carrying out: (I) All the necessary office and field road location and survey work. (II) Engineering designs for the road geometry and major and minor drainage structures. (III) All the required material investigations and the determination of appropriate material sources along the proposed routes. (IV) The evaluation of existing traffic volume and axle loads, and forecasting the future growth on the basis of which the pavement design will be conducted. (V) The preparation of Bill of Quantities along with Engineering Cost estimates for the works involved, that is to include the cost of RAP and EMP. Design standard DS4 is the selected one. Route alternatives: Option 1 has ROW 50m in rural areas and 30m in urban; Option 2 has ROW 50m both in rural and urban areas; Option 3 has ROW 40m in rural areas and 30m in urban. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 20 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Preferred/selected alignment, which has 40m ROW in rural areas and 30m in urban, is the best solution in terms of Design, socio environmental, economical and financial feasibility RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 21 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3. POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 3.1 Review of Policies 3.1.1 The Constitution of the FDRE The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) is the supreme law of Ethiopia where all national policies, laws and regulations as well as the institutional frameworks of the country are emerged. The Constitution of the FDRE, Proclamation 1/1995, has several provisions to mitigate the adverse impacts on people who might be affected during the implementation of government projects such as the Road Sector Development Program prepared by the Ethiopian Roads Authority. The Constitutions states that both rural and urban land as well as all natural resources is under public ownership (Art. 40.3). Nevertheless, it emphasizes that every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labour or capital (Art. 40.7). It is therefore, the Constitution stressed that the expropriation of private property by the government for public use is subject to the payment in advance of commensurate with the value of the expropriated property (Art. 40.8). Besides, all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of state/public programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance (Art 44.2). The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework prepared by ERA also expresses appropriately and recognizes these Provisions and they are the basis for the compensation procedures and the legal framework for the resettlement and rehabilitation policy of ERA (ERA, 2002, p.13). In the course of the preparation of resettlement and rehabilitation action plans, as it is stated clearly in the Constitution (Arts.35.6; 43.2 and 92.3), all affected stakeholders - special attentions should be given to project affected women - need to be appropriately consulted to participate them and identify their needs and interests including determination of the amount of compensation required. In relation to the socio-environment issues, the Constitution also stipulates that the Government should endeavour to ensure a clean and healthy environment as a basic right of the Ethiopian people (Arts. 44.1 and 92.1). It also provides that the design and implementation of development programs and projects should not damage or destroy the environment (Art. 92.2). This indicates a recognition that development programs and projects should pass through a Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment process. 3.1.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia was approved by the Council of Ministers in 1997. The policy elements in the area of socio-environmental impact assessment and in the context of resettlement action plan are incorporated in the Policy: These are:  To ensure that environmental impact assessments consider not only physical and biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions;  To ensure that public and private sector development programs and projects recognize any environmental impacts early and incorporate their containment into the development design process; RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 22 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  To recognize that public consultation is an integral part of SEIA and ensure that SEIA procedures make provision for both an independent review and public comment before consideration of decision makers;  To ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plans for environmental management problems and contingency plans in case of accidents;  To ensure that, at specified intervals during the project implementation, environmental audits regarding monitoring, inspection and record keeping take place for activities where these have been required by the Environmental Impact Statement;  To ensure that preliminary and full EIAs are undertaken by the relevant sectoral ministries or departments, if in the public sector, and by the developer, if in the private sector.  To create by law an EIA process which require appropriate environmental impact statements and environmental audits for private and state development projects;  To establish the necessary institutional framework and determine the linkages of its parts for undertaking, coordinating and approving SEIA and the subsequent system of Socio- environmental audits required to ensure compliance with conditionality;  To ensure that social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions are considered in environmental impact assessment procedures and included in sectoral guidelines; and  To develop environmental audit capacity and capability in the Environmental Protection Authority, sectoral ministries and agencies as well as in regions. The above environmental policy provisions which include social assessment reveal that much has been covered, at least at the policy level, regarding the measures that need to be taken and procedures to be followed when conducting a socio-environmental impact assessment of development projects from the planning level up to the implementation and post-implementation level. As the resettlement action plan that is prepared by ERA is part of the Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment process, particularly taken to mitigate the socio-economic and cultural impacts of the road projects, the policy provisions should be considered to serve as guidelines for more specific sectoral policies, laws and institutional set ups that are required to translate such policy provisions. 3.1.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies The World Bank provides guidance on requirements in the Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, which includes recent versions of the World Bank Operational Policies as well as the updates. The World Bank has ten “Safeguard Policies� whose primary objective is to ensure that Bank operations do not cause adverse impacts and that they “do no harm�. The ten safeguard policies are grouped into Environment, Rural Development, Social Development and International Law. The following are the current World Bank Safeguard Policies that are pertinent to the development projects. There are ten “World Bank Safeguard Policies� whose primary objective is to ensure that Bank operations do not cause adverse impacts. OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment: The core requirement of this Policy is that screening should be done as early as possible for potential impacts and select appropriate instrument to assess, minimize and mitigate potentially adverse impacts, to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 23 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) environmental impacts, and ensures that appropriate levels of environmental and social assessment are carried out as part of project design. It also deals with the public consultation process, and ensures that the views of PAPs and local NGOs are incorporated as early as possible for Category A and B projects. OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats: This policy recognizes that the conservation of natural habitats is essential to safeguard their unique biodiversity and to maintain environmental services and products for human society and for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, management, and restoration of natural habitats in its project financing, as well as policy dialogue and economic and sector work. OP/BP 4.36 Forests: The objective of this policy is to assist borrowers to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. Where forest restoration and plantation development are necessary to meet these objectives, the Bank assists borrowers with forest restoration activities that maintain or enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. The Bank assists borrowers with the establishment of environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable forest plantations to help meet growing demands for forest goods and services. OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources: The objective of this policy is to assist countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of development projects on physical cultural resources. For purposes of this policy, “physical cultural resources� are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above ground, underground, or underwater. This policy applies to all projects requiring a Category A or B Environmental Assessment under OP 4.01, project located in, or in the vicinity of, recognized cultural heritage sites, and projects designed to support the management or conservation of physical cultural resources. OP 4.09 Pest Management: The objective of this policy is to (i) promote the use of biological or environmental control and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides; and (ii) strengthen the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective and environmentally sound pest management. OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous Peoples: The objective of this policy is to (i) ensure that the development process fosters full respect for the dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness of indigenous peoples; (ii) ensure that adverse effects during the development process are avoided, or if not feasible, ensure that these are minimized, mitigated or compensated; and (iii) ensure that indigenous peoples receive culturally appropriate and gender and intergenerationally inclusive social and economic benefits. OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement: The objective of this policy is to (i) avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs; (ii) assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them; (iii) encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and (iv) provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 24 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams: The objectives of this policy are as follows: For new dams, to ensure that experienced and competent professionals design and supervise construction; the borrower adopts and implements dam safety measures for the dam and associated works. OP 7.50 Projects in International Waters: The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank-financed projects affecting international waterways would not affect: (i) relations between the Bank and its borrowers and between states (whether members of the Bank or not); and (ii) the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways. OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas: The objective of this policy is to ensure that projects in disputed areas are dealt with at the earliest possible stage: (a) so as not to affect relations between the Bank and its member countries; (b) so as not to affect relations between the borrower and neighboring countries; and (c) so as not to prejudice the position of either the Bank or the countries concerned. 3.1.4 The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework prepared by ERA (ERA, February 2002) contains various elements that ERA should follow regarding compensation procedures; methods of valuation; consultation and participation process, grievance procedures as well as the institutional framework in the preparation of the resettlement action plans. Regarding to valuation methods, the ERA will employ two methods, which can be used to conduct valuation of properties of re-settlers. These are replacement cost and compensation. A replacement cost is the method of valuation of assets which helps determine the amount sufficient to replace the lost assets and cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into account. Compensation is the other method which is defined as the amount to be paid to the leaseholder that is calculated as an amount which is above the gross current replacement cost, including the costs for the inconvenience caused to the leaseholder by relocation, and to enable the same leaseholder to build slightly better houses than what they currently occupy. To the effect of compensation/rehabilitation, ERA has provided for a three-step approach to be followed. First, the establishment of compensation committees in each local government (Woreda) affected by the expropriation comprising representatives from local governments, representatives from project affect persons (PAPs) and the ERA right of way agent. The second is the assessment of replacement values of identified assets and the third step is to establish compensation rates for all assets to be expropriated. The compensation committees have the function of conducting the registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs per households and determining the compensation rates. As it is emphasized in the policy framework (p27), all compensation will be effected ahead of the civil works. This is also in line with Art. 1478 of the Civil Code which provides that the competent authorities may not take possession of an expropriated immovable until they have paid the amount of compensation fixed. Although the criteria of eligibility are not expressly articulated in the resettlement/ rehabilitation framework prepared by ERA, the identification of the eligible persons for compensation is presumably done during the course of registration of affected properties based on the census of the project affected persons carried out by the Consultants. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 25 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3.2 Review of Relevant Laws and Regulations 3.2.1 The Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation The Constitution of FDRE leaves the detailed implementation of the provisions concerning tenure rights over rural land to be determined by subsequent specific laws to be issued at both the federal and regional levels. Accordingly, the Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation No. 456/2005 was issued in 2005 to further determine the land use system and land use rights in the country or at the federal level. The Proclamation provides that land administration laws to be enacted by Regions should be based on the provisions provided therein and specifies the basic principles of rural land distribution and utilization including the scope of land use rights which Regional laws should grant. Similar to the Constitution, the Proclamation provides that peasants and nomads (pastoralists) shall have the right to get rural land holding free of charge the size of which shall be determined based upon the specific local conditions. 3.2.2 The 1960 Civil Code of Ethiopia on Expropriation The 1960 Civil Code of Ethiopia contains relevant provisions regarding expropriation of property for public purposes considered to be in the public domain (Arts.1444 -1488). Besides, Art. 1445 provides that any property belonging to the State or other administrative bodies shall be deemed to form part of the public domain. It also stipulates that properties which form part of the public domain are those placed at the disposal of the public or destined to a public service. Art. 1446, more relevant for our purpose, provides that roads, streets, etc. if owned by the State or other administrative bodies form part of the public domain. It further stipulates that the competent authorities may, by way of expropriation proceedings, obtain the land necessary for the creation of roads and streets and may; by alignment proceedings widen or straighten existing roads or streets (Art. 1450). In case the alignment land shows inbuilt land within public ways such land shall be incorporated to such public ways and where the alignment plan shows built land such land shall be charged with servitude to draw back (Arts. 1451 and 1452). Servitude is a form of property right provided in the Civil Code (Arts. 1359-1385) which gives the right to someone over the property of another. In other words, in case of road construction (new construction or rehabilitation/upgrading), the government body which does the work is given the right to another's property or holder of the land. In this sense, it creates a restriction on the right of the holder of the land. In both instances, the expropriation for building roads gives the person the right to claim compensation in accordance with Arts 1470-1477 of the Civil Code (Art. 1453). The provisions on expropriation proceedings and procedures on compensation are provided under Articles 1460 -1488 of the Civil Code. Some of the relevant provisions regarding expropriation proceedings stipulate that:  The competent authority has the right to compel the owner to surrender the ownership (in our case the use right of the landholder) of an immovable property for public purposes (Art.1460);  The project which makes expropriation necessary shall be declared by notice to be in the public interest (Art. 1463).  Where public inquiry is necessary, the declaration of public utility will not be made until the public interest has been consulted (Art.1465).  Once the project is declared to be in the public interest, determination of which immovable need to be expropriated for carrying out the project will be made and the persons having property rights over the immovable will be notified to this effect. The RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 26 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) persons to be affected by the expropriation shall express their views on the necessity of the expropriation within a reasonable time (Art. 1466). 3.2.3 Right of Way ERA has been exercising what it calls a right of way of adjacent land to roads it constructs which is 30 meters in extent. Article 6.17 of the Proclamation No. 80.80/1997 for the re establishment of REA gives the power to ERA to "determine the extent of land required for its activities, in the adjacency as well as surrounding of highways, and the conditions of use of such land by others". The practice to date is that ERA pays compensation to affected persons regarding land deemed to be a right of way. Once the right of way is established and recognized, the right of way will be considered a public domain and it can enforce its rights by means of ordering a cessation of any activity that violates such rights or even order the destruction of any works done in such right of way. 3.2.4 Properties to be compensated The Constitution (Art. 44.2) lays down the basis for the properties to be compensated in case of expropriation as a result of state programs or projects in both rural and urban areas. Persons who have lost their land as a result of acquisition of such land for the purpose of road works are entitled to be compensated to a similar land plus the related costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings, crops or fruit trees that are part of the land etc. The Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework prepared by ERA also expresses appropriately and recognizes that Art. 44.2 of the Constitution of the FDRE provides the basis for the compensation procedures and the legal framework for its resettlement and rehabilitation policy (ERA, 2002, p.13) 3.2.5 Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation, Proclamation No. 455/2005 In order to facilitate expropriation of landholding and payment of compensation, the government prepared a new proclamation in July 2005 on the “Expropriation of landholding for public purposes and payment of Compensation� Proclamation No. 455/2005 .The objective of the proclamation was to define the basic principles that have to be taken into consideration in determining compensation to a person whose landholding has been expropriated. The proclamation indicated certain procedures to be followed during the expropriation of landholdings.  Power to expropriate Landholding: Woreda or an urban administration shall up on payment in advance of compensation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban holdings for public purpose where it should be used for a better development projects to be carried out by public entities, investors.  Notification of expropriation order: In this context the landholders will be notified in writing, when they should vacate and the amount of compensation to be paid to them. The period of notification to be given shall be determined by directives, it may not, in any way, be less than 90 days. The landholder shall handover the land to the Woreda or urban administration within in 90 days from the date of payment of compensation.  The responsibility of implementing Agency, as defined in the proclamation, include preparing detail data pertaining to the land needed for its works and send same, at least one year before the commencement of the works and to the organs empowered to RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 27 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) expropriate land, pay compensation in accordance with this proclamation to landholders whose holdings have been expropriated. As per Article 7 of the Proclamation, the amount of compensation is based on certain conditions, which include;  The landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of compensation for his property situated on the land and permanent improvements he made to such land;  The amount of compensation for the property shall be determined on the basis of replacement cost of the property, and if it is in urban area, it may not, in any way, less than the current cost of constructing a single room low cost house.  Compensation for permanent improvement to land shall be equal to the value of capital & labor expended, & on the land, and costs of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as compensation for property that could be relocated & continue its services as before. It has been also indicated in the Proclamation Article 8, that the displacement compensation shall be paid within the following conditions:  A rural landholder, whose landholding has been permanently expropriated, in addition to Article 7, be paid displacement compensation which is equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.  A rural landholder or holders of communal land whose landholding has been provisionally expropriated shall, in addition to Article 7, be paid until repossession of the land, and also for lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land, however, such payment shall not exceed the amount of compensation payable under the above article.  If Woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can easily be ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the holder, the compensation to be paid as mentioned above shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.  For urban landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be provided with a plot of urban land, and be paid displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the demolished dwelling house. For the business houses to be demolished, mutatis mutandis shall apply. Certified private or public institution or individual consultants on the basis of valuation formula adopted at the national level shall carry out the valuation of property situated on land to be expropriated. The proclamation has also indicated who should be the committee members during valuation of properties to be affected. It also states that the Woreda administration where the land to be expropriated is located in rural areas, shall assign a committee of not more than five experts having relevant qualification and if the land is located in urban area, the urban administration shall do the same for valuing property. If the land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and experience, a separate committee of experts, to be designated by the Woreda or urban administration, shall value it. As per the proclamation, complaints and appeals in relation to compensation payments are to be dealt with as follows: RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 28 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  If administration organ to hear grievances related to hold urban holdings is not yet established, compliant shall be submitted to regular court having jurisdiction  If the holder is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation, complaints might be lodged to administrative organ established to hear grievances related to urban landholdings.  The above organ shall examine the complaint and give its decision within short period of as specified by directives issued by the region.  The party dissatisfied with the decision rendered above may appeal to the regular appellate court or municipal appellate court within 30 days and it will be the final decision.  The execution of an expropriation order may not be delayed due to a complaint regarding the amount of compensation. In the course of implementing the proclamation, the Ministry of Federal Affairs has the following duties and responsibilities: following up and ensuring that the provisions of the proclamation are complied with in a region, give technical and capacity building support to regions, and prepare in collaboration with other federal government, national valuation formula for the determination of compensation payable under this proclamation, and submit the same to the council of ministers for approval. On the other hand, the Woreda and urban administrations have the following responsibilities and duties: pay or cause the payment of compensation to holders of expropriated land and provide them with rehabilitation support to the extent possible and maintain data of properties removed, town expropriated landholdings particulars and conditions of maintaining such data shall be prescribed by directives. 3.2.6 Procedures for Dispute Settlement According to the Civil Code, in the case of dispute on the amount of compensation between the competent authorities and the owner of the expropriated immovable, an arbitration appraisement committee shall fix the amount. Article 1473 does not mention about the composition of the members of the committee, except stating “committee shall comprise such members�. If the interested party or the competent authorities do not agree on the decision of the arbitration appraisement committee according to Article 1477, appeal could be made within three months from the decision of the committee. In line with the Civil Code, the Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA also explains in the procedure for handling the grievance. Thus, grievances are first preferred to be settled amicably whenever possible in the presence of elders, local administration representatives or any influential persons in the locality. If the PAPs are not satisfied with what has been proposed by the amicable means, then the litigation is settled by the local government’s courts. ERA’s Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework discuss compensation procedures, methods of valuation, consultation and grievances procedures, in line with the Constitution and the Civil Code. It is well recognized in the ERA's Resettlement / Rehabilitation Policy Framework on the fact that development projects should not be realized at the expense of the project affected people. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 29 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3.3 Institutional and Administrative Framework 3.3.1 The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and Administration Regions The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) was formally established on August 21, 1995. The FDRE comprises of the Federal States with nine Regional State members. The new government structure takes power from the center to regions and localities. The relative roles of government at the different levels (Federal, Regional and Local) in terms of power and duties, including on fiscal matters, have been defined by the Constitution, Proclamations Nos. 33 of 1992, 41 of 1993, and 4 of 1995. Under these proclamations, duties and responsibilities of Regional States include planning, directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the administration, development and protection of resources of their respective regions. 3.3.2 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MOFED) is the responsible Ministry for the disbursement of the allotted budget for the resettlement. ERA submits its annual budget including the allotment for the resettlement, which would be ratified by the House of the Peoples' Representatives. 3.3.3 The Environmental Protection Authority The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) was re-established in October 2002, under Proclamation 295/2002, and is an autonomous government body reporting directly to the Prime Minister. It has a broad mandate covering environmental matters at federal level. The Proclamation sets out the main responsibilities and broad organizational structure of the EPA and these include to establish a system for EIA of projects, policies, strategies, laws and programs and to enforce implementation of this EIA process (i.e. Review EIA reports) and the recommendations which result from it for projects that are subject to Federal licensing, execution or supervision. EPA is also responsible to provide advice and technical support to the regions on environmental matters. In view of the multi-sectoral nature of the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE) and the number of government agencies involved in various aspects of environmental management, overall co-ordination and policy review and direction is the responsibility of an Environmental Protection Council (EPC) within EPA, whose members represent the key agencies concerned with policy implementation. With these powers, EPA has the mandate to involve itself with all environmental issues and projects that have a federal, inter-regional (involving more than one Region) and international scope. 3.3.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is the Government body responsible for the administration of the RSDP. ERA is a legally autonomous authority in charge of the development and management of the country's road network: planning, construction and maintenance of trunk and major link roads, while responsibility of rural roads has been decentralized to regional Rural Road Authorities (RRAs). Under the ERA, there are certain responsible bodies responsible for the implementation of all resettlement action plans. These include: Legal Division and Right-of-Way (ROW Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch, Finance Division and Construction Contract Implementation Division. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 30 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3.3.4.1 ERA's Legal Division and Right-of-Way (ROW) Branch ERA's legal division, and in particular its right of way protection branch is responsible for implementation of all resettlement action plans. It negotiates with regional government bodies, rural and urban Kebele administrations to secure right of way for highway maintenance and construction purpose as well as for the establishment of quarry and camp-sites. ROW negotiates with property owners, rural and urban dwellers associations (or Kebele administration) in establishing compensation for any building, crop, vegetation and other property through judicial methods. ROW investigates claims and disputes arising from land acquisition; recommends acceptance or rejection of compensatory claims and ensures that payments are effected as agreed with claimants or as decided by the competent authority; secures receipts and land transfers for road construction. 3.3.4.2 ERA's Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) The Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch (EMSB) was established in January 1998 as Environmental Management Branch (EMB). It is established within the Planning and Programming Division of the Engineering and Regulatory Department to address environmental matters arising from the road development programme. The main responsibilities of the Branch include:  Advising senior management and assisting in the decision-making process on all road sector environmental and social issues;  Ensuring that environmental and social issues related to environmental and social management and monitoring are adequately addressed in connection with the road project design, construction and operation and maintenance and other activities of all ERA departments and divisions;  Supervising and monitoring for road sector projects. ROW organizes property valuation committee from appropriate Regional officials, community elders and introduces the committee with the authority's standard methodology and procedures of valuation of properties on the land. The ROW Branch, where appropriate, establishes arbitration appraisal committee for conducting negotiations with property owners or their representatives ensures that accepted appraisal methods and techniques are followed in the valuation of property. 3.3.5 Regional Governments 3.3.5.1 Administrative structure The administrative structure of SNNPRS and Oromia Regional State sub divided into Zones and each Zone is further divided into Weredas. The basic administration unit is the Woreda and each Woreda is sub-divided into the grassroots administration level of Kebele in Urban areas and farmers/peasant associations in rural areas. Each administrative unit has its own local government elected by the people. Based on the powers and responsibilities of the regional governments, the Regional Governments have established Sectoral Bureaus, Commissions and Authorities. In accordance with the principles of decentralization set out in the Ethiopian constitution, Regional states shall establish their own independent Regional Socio-environmental agencies or designate existing agencies that shall be responsible for socio-environmental monitoring, protection and regulation within their respective jurisdictions. These are expected to reflect the socio-environmental management requirements at local levels. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 31 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 3.3.5.2 Provisions for the Right of Property in Oromiya Region (Reviewed-2000) As per the Revised Constitution 2000 of the Oromiya Regional State Article 40, the right to property is stated as the following:  Every resident of the Region has the right to own private property. This right shall include the right to acquire, use and dispose of such property by means of sale to the limitations prescribed by law in the public interest and in a manner compatible with the right of other persons.  “Private Property� for the purpose of this Article, means any tangible or intangible product produced by the labour or creativity or capital of an individual resident, or association which enjoys juridical personality under the law, or in appropriate circumstances by communities specially employed by the law to own property in common.  The right to ownership of rural and urban lands as well as all natural resources is exclusively vested in the state and the people of the region. Land belongs to the people of the region and shall not be subject to sale or any other mode of transfer of ownership.  Any farmer of the Region shall have the right to obtain, without payment, the use of land and shall not be dispossessed thereof.  Pastoralists of the Region have the right to free land for grazing and cultivation as well as the right not to be evicted from the lands they traditionally hold.  Without prejudice to the public ownership of land the Government of the Region may grant use of land to investors on the basis of payments to be fixed by law.  Any person shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the improvements he makes on the land by labour or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, bequeath and where right of use expires, to remove his property or claim compensation for it. The Governments of each Region shall have the power to expropriate, in the public interest, private property. In all such cases, it shall pay compensation in advance commensurate to the expropriate property. 3.4 Application of Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework in the Context of the Project Based on analysis of policies, legal and institutional frame work the proposed project has been declared to be public interest. By the results of the land acquisition reports the required area along the ROW is demarcated. Inventory of PAP and their affected asset have been undertaken. The PAPs have been notified on time. The compensation that will be paid to those PAPs has been estimated. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 32 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Location and Administrative Organization This road passes through Konso special woreda of the SNNPR and two woredas of Borena zone in Oromia Regional State, namely Teltele and Yabelo woredas. The main town of Konso woreda is named Karat, while correspondingly, Yabelo town is the main town of the Borena zone. 4.2 Demographic Features Based on 2007 Census result, the projected total population of the three Woreda in 2010 is 483,239. Karat and Yabelo towns together with 13 rural kebeles are considered to be within the direct Zone of Influence (ZoI) of Konso – Yabelo road. Table 4.1: Population of Woredas traversed by the project road (2007 census) Total Population Rural Urban Woreda Both genders Male Female population population Konso special Woreda 234,987 113,353 121,634 225,577 9,410 Yabelo Woreda 102,385 51,537 50,848 84,637 17,748 Teltele Woreda 69,699 35,854 33,845 64,829 4,870 Total 407,071 200,744 206,327 375,043 32,028 Source: Census, 2007 Table 4.2: Population of Woredas traversed by the project road, projected to 2010 Total Population Rural Urban Woreda Both genders Male Female population population Konso special Woreda 278,956 134,563 144,393 267,786 11,171 Yabelo Woreda 121,541 61,180 60,362 100,474 21,069 Teltele Woreda 82,741 42,563 40,178 76,959 5,781 Total 483,239 238,306 244,934 445,219 38,021 4.3 Ethnic Composition The indigenous people within the ZoI belong to either the Konso or Oromo ethnic groups. The Oromos inhabit Teltele and Yabelo woredas, and are called the Borena-Oromo. 4.4 Economy The Konso people are basically mixed farmers while the Borena-Oromos are predominantly pastoralists. In general cereal crop farming is the principal occupation of the Konso people at large and the people within the ZoI in particular, while livestock is the main stream of the Borena-Oromo economy. The Borenas, however, do participate in crop cultivation. The consumption of cereal grain is the main source of daily subsistence for both the Konso and Borena peoples. None of the groups, however, produce sufficient grain for their food grain requirements. The project area, on the basis of 2006/2007 production data, is food insecure. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 33 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Land Use and Land Tenure (i) Land Tenure at Konso special Woreda Regarding land use and tenure, farm land is predominantly owned and cultivated by individual farm household heads in Konso. The individual land holdings are, in most cases, very small in size, highly fragmented and degraded due to intensive cultivation. Farm land is terraced so as to conserve soil and water as much as possible. Hillsides are rehabilitated by terracing to allow them to be cultivated. The Konso people are often called farming technicians, because of their traditional soil and water conservation practices. They use blocks of locally abundant basalt interlocked with smaller blocks stabilized by soils. These terraces retain the soil from erosion and hold moisture for longer time and use for agriculture/crop production. The terraces are the main features of the Konso landscape and the hills are contoured by the stone terraces that could reach at some places up to 2 m high. Photo 1: Soil and water conservation by terracing at Konso along the project road (ii) Land Tenure at Teltele and Yabelo woredas Cropland, although it occupies a minor share, is individually owned and cultivated. Grazing land and woodland are collectively owned within a limited and maintained kinship of clan based territories. Oromia Rural Land Use and Land Administration Policy, Article No.7.14 titled pastoralism, raises the following main issues:  The need for a policy framework on land tenure for the pastoralist people in Oromia that is different from that of the highlanders;  The need for research on pastoral land use, management and administration;  The need for appropriate interventions that integrate the indigenous institutions, and other grazing land development and management institutions. Table 4.3: Land Use/Cover by Woreda (%) No. Land Use/Cover Type Konso Teltele Yabelo Total 1 Cultivated land 38 1 1.5 5 2 Grazing land 26 47 53.3 47 3 Unutilised arable land 12 45 11.2 19 4 Woodland 1 25 33.5 25 5 Other use/covers 23 2 0.5 4 Sum 100 100 100 100 Source: Each Woreda Rural and agriculture development offices, 2009 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 34 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Labour and Employment The Konso and Borena-Oromo people share more-or-less the same values and features in relation to gender-based division of labour among a farm family in the principal family activities. Table 4.4 below presents a summary of information gathered on the sharing of responsibility among members of a typical household, which is composed of adult and child members of both genders. Table 4.4: Responsibility Matrix, Konso – Yabelo Share of Responsibility in Rank Order Category and Description of Major Activities Male Members Female Members Adult Child Adult Child Household a Cooking - 3 1 2 Activities b Water fetching - 3 1 2 c Firewood collecting - 3 1 2 d Washing and cleaning 4 3 1 2 e Child care 4 3 1 2 Crop a Land preparation 1 2 - - Farming b Sowing or planting 1 2 3 4 c Weeding 1 4 2 3 d Grading 3 1 - 2 e Harvesting / collecting 1 2 - 3 Livestock a Herding 3 1 - 2 Husbandry b Night care 1 2 3 - c Milking - 3 1 2 d Waste disposal / cleaning - 3 2 1 e Health care 1 3 2 4 Marketing a Crop - bulk 1 - 2 - b Crop - small amount 4 3 2 1 c Cattle 1 - 2 - d Sheep / goat 1 3 2 4 e Dairy products - 3 1 2 f Consumer goods - 3 1 2 Sheltering or a House constructing 1 2 4 3 Farmstead b Animal pen constructing 1 2 4 3 Construction c Fence constructing 1 2 4 3 d Planting farm trees 1 2 - 3 e Constructing other family 1 2 - 3 facilities The Konso people are, both within and outside of the project area, well known for their participation in non-farm and off-farm income generating activities. These include, but are not limited to, the following:  Traditional wood work: Borkota (head-rest), household utensils, various wood products used by the Borena customary chiefs (Abba-Gada) etc.  Casual labour, within and outside of the woreda, mainly practiced by the adult male members so as to supplement family income and ensure family subsistence.  Weaving, pottery, blacksmith and handicrafts RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 35 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 4.5 Physical and Social Infrastructural Facility Services 4.5.1 Public Health There are four public health institutions within the road Zone of Influence:  Karat Health Centre – Konso woreda town  Birindar Health Post – Teltele woreda  Elwoya Clinic – Yabelo woreda  Yabelo Health Centre – Yabelo town. Tables 4.5 and 4.6 below present a summary of health institutions and professionals for all three woredas. Throughout the entire target Woredas as of 2009, there is no medical doctors and have only one health officers, 92 nurses, 5 health assistants, and 10 midwives. This shows that on average there is one health officer for every 431,023 persons, and one nurse for every 4,685 persons. Table 4.5: Health Facilities, Konso – Yabelo Woreda Hospital Health center Clinic Health post Konso - 6 8 43 Teltele - 1 - 21 Yabelo 2 1 15 Total 0 9 9 79 Source: Each Woreda Health Office, 2009 Table 4.6: Health Professionals, Konso – Yabelo No. Description Konso Teltele Yabelo Total 1 Medical Doctors - - - 0 2 Health Officers - 1 - 1 3 Nurses 42 14 36 92 4 Health assistant 2 2 1 5 5 Midwives 7 3 10 6 Sanitarians - - - 0 7 Lab technicians 6 - 1 7 9 Health extension workers 72 18 58 148 10 Druggists 9 - 4 13 11 Front line health workers 12 2 14 Total 150 37 103 290 The annual report on the top ten causes of morbidity and the number of cases shows that malaria stood first, accounting for 34% of the total cases of the top ten diseases followed by Upper respiratory infection, Gastritis, Diarrhea and internal parasites, etc. Water related and water born diseases are also common. Most illnesses are communicable and are related, either directly or indirectly, to lack of adequate and safe drinking water supplies and sanitation, low living standards and poor nutrition. Table 4.7 below presents a summary of top ten diseases for all three Woredas. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 36 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 4.7: Top Ten Diseases and Cases July 2008 – June2009, Konso – Yabelo Rank Number of Share of Description order Cases cases % 1 Malaria 21,089 33.9 2 Upper Respiratory Disease 10,778 17.3 3 Gastritis 6,746 10.8 4 Diarrhea 5,900 9.5 5 Intestinal Parasites 5,750 9.2 6 Skin and subcutaneous Tissue 4,000 6.4 7 Malnutrition 2,850 4.6 8 Eye Disease 2,300 3.7 9 Injuries 1,560 2.5 10 Others 1,214 2.0 Total 62,187 100.0 The future health implication of the project area that related to the road construction will be communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS and water related vector born diseases particularly malaria. Road construction activities particularly use of quarry and borrow areas would create stagnant water storage places which could serve as a potential breeding site for mosquito, the vector of malaria. Both Plasmodium falciparum and P.vivax malaria are endemic in the project area, with P.falciparum predominating. Monthly data of malaria cases registered at Konso health center shows the presence of malaria cases in all months the highest peak being in January and February. In addition to the above health threats, HIV/AIDS is becoming serious issue in any development project areas. Hence, giving attention to prevent HIV expansion during the project plan, construction and implementation processes should be important. More interactive programmes that include education concerning the modes of spread, prevention and socio-economic implications of the disease should be addressed properly. Simple and passive dissemination of information by posters and the media would not be enough. It would be advisable to design the support services as part of the road construction project with strong and sustainable linkages with the HIV/AIDS related projects in the country. It would be worthwhile launching a sexual health awareness programme and counseling at Konso, Teltele and Yabelo health centers and support to build the capacity of the health centre. 4.5.2 Education There are more than 81 primary schools and 4 secondary schools in three Woredas crossed by the proposed road project. Tables 3.9 and 3.10 below show the summarized distribution of schools, teachers and students. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 37 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 4.8: Distribution of Schools by Woreda Particulars Konso Teltele Yabelo Total Number of Grade 1-4 28 12 14 54 primary Grade 1-6 3 4 7 schools Grade 1-8 3 2 5 Grade 5-8 14 0 1 15 Total primary schools 42 18 21 81 Number of Grade 9-10 3 0 0 3 secondary Grade 9-12 0 0 1 1 schools Total secondary schools 3 0 1 4 Table 4.9: Distribution of Teachers by Woreda Particulars Konso Teltele Yabelo Number of Male 547 77 146 Teachers by gender Female 165 17 41 Total 712 94 187 Table 4.10 Enrolment in 2007/2008 Academic Year, Konso – Yabelo Number of Enrolled Students by gender % of Female Particulars Male Female Total to Male Primary Grade 1-4 14,395 5,817 20,212 40.4 School Grade 5-8 6,784 2,202 8,986 32.5 Enrolment Total Primary 21,179 8,019 29,198 37.9 Schools 1-8 Secondary Grade 9-10 1,468 541 2,009 36.9 Schools Grade 11-12 250 89 339 35.6 Enrolment Total secondary 1,718 630 2348 36.8 Schools 9-12 Grand Total Grade 1-12 22,897 8,649 31,546 37.8 4.5.3 Markets and Other Social Facilities Konso (Karat town), Elwoya, Teltele and Yabelo are the most commonly and frequently used markets for both the Konso and Borena people within the zone of influence. Exchange of livestock, food grains, consumer goods and certain cultural utensils between the Konso and Borena communities are, as stated during discussions with both community groups, of paramount importance and have been taking place over a long period of time, possibly in excess of a century. 4.5.4 Houses and Housing Facilities The entire rural community within the ZoI lives in small traditional huts. A typical hut is made of wooden and mud walls, mud floor, roof thatched with dried straw, grass and/or reeds. A few of the rural housing units have no partition, separate cooking room, or improved stove. There is no toilet or sanitary facility, either at a household or village level. Homesteads, open fields and/or bush land are used for sanitation purpose. Firewood and in some cases crop straw are the sole sources of household energy for both cooking and light. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 38 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 4.5.5 Community Structure The Konso people live in highly congested and crowded village clusters that are located in the uplands, mainly on the right hand side of the road on the way from Konso to Yabelo, in between Karat town and Segen river. All the Konso community villages are relatively far from the existing road alignment. The Borena community at Teltele and Yabelo woredas is organized into sub- kebele units, locally called OLAs. Except for the Birindar and Elwoya semi-urban centers, none of the rural villages are located near to the current road alignment. The sites of the most social importance within the ZoI are the assembly place of the traditional administrative system (Gada), known as Arda - Jilas - Arboro, which is located about 75km from Konso on the way to Yabelo, and certain burial places near Birindar, Elwoya and Yabelo. 4.5.6 Communication Transportation Services Konso and Yabelo have telephone services. Also postal service is available in both towns Public transport connecting both towns with other major town is available. 4.6 Social Development Support Institutions and Services 4.6.1 Administrative units and NGOs at Local Areas The Kebele Administration (KA), mainly the rural ones, even though they are the smallest unit of local governmental organization, have poorly organized offices and facilities, or even none at all. There are three agricultural extension service centers (commonly called DA centers), one at Konso town and two in Yabelo woreda, located at Elwoya and near Yabelo town. Some of the main services offered by the DA centers are the provision of vets and training of farmers in improved crop practices and crop protection. The centers are accountable to the respective woreda offices of agriculture. The Yabelo Woreda Office of Co-operative Organization, in collaboration with two NGOs, (CARE and AFD) is carrying out the formation of Livestock Farmers Service Co-operatives at two of the kebeles within the ZoI, namely Elwoya and Arare. CARE and AFD (Action for Development) are the most prominent of the co-operative society organizations, undertaking various development activities at the ZoI kebeles within both Teltele and Yabelo woredas. Other organizations reported to be involved in development activities are Farm Africa at Konso, Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (ECMY) at Konso and Yabelo woredas, and SOS Sahal at Yabelo woreda. Areas of intervention by the NGOs mentioned above are briefly outlined hereunder:  CARE - Rural water supply, Livestock water supply  AFD - Rural human and livestock water supply, Rural infrastructure  ECMY - Public health care, Water shade management  Farm Africa - Natural resource conservation  SOS Sahal - Participatory forest management. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 39 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 5. SURVEYS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS 5.1 Preamable The consultant has carried out field assessment in the project road targeted areas from July 1st, 2011 – September 20th, 2011 to up date results of the previous RAP report by taking into consideration the results of 2008/2009 land acquision report and 2010 socio economic survy, report. 1) In view of the above, the consultant has made detailed efforts to minimize the Resettlmeent impacts, including determination of the necessary ROW. Accordingly, these are out lined and presented below. a) Analysis of alternative route optionas in terms of resettlement Option 1. Row of 30 meters in urban areas and 50 meters in rural areas Option 2. Row of 50 meters both in urban and rural areas, and Option 3. Row of 30 meters in urban and 40 meters in rural area b) ERA’S design standard specification of proposed road project, which is DS4: Row 50 meters both in urban and rural areas. c) Selection of the best alternative in terms of design economic, socio environmental and financial viability. In view of the above, therefore, analysis of detailed present field survey and identification of impacts are presented in the subsection 5.3 and 5.4 below. 5.2 Positive impacts Construction of the proposed project will have several positive impacts. The major beneficiary impacts include:  Provide alternative route for Addis Ababa – Moyale road (through Addis Ababa – Hossana – Arbaminch – Konso – Yabelo),  Promote invenstiment and tourism industry,  Income generation and poverty alleviation,  Improvements in transportation,  Creat access for food aid transportation in times of drought and other natural risks etc. 5.3 Negative or Adverse Impacts In general, there is no adverse impact that cannot be mitigated. However, there are some negative impacts mainly originated from the widening of the road width and improvement of the road standard. These impacts are described below: 5.3.1 Loss of Houses Construction of the proposed road would affect some houses which are situated within the road right of way. These houses are being used for residential and for commercial purposes. According to the ERA standard specification, the proposed road is DS4 standard which requires 50 m ROW in both urban and rural area. If we follow the standard strictly about 299 houses will be demolished. But if we reduce the ROW width to 30m in the urban areas and 50m in the rural area, the number of houses to be demolished will be 217. Accourdingly, the impact is more pronounced at Elwoya kebele of Yabelo woreda where most of the houses are constructed within the RoW. In this connection, the consultant also considered 40m Row in the rural areas during field vist and update of socio economic study of 2010 and 2009 land acquisition report. Accordingly the RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 40 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) number of affected houses in 50 and 40 Row at rural areas and 30 meters in urban areas are the same. Therefore, the consultant selected option three by comparative evaluation of 3options here below in the table 5.1 – 5.3, by taking into consideration of the following cases. These are 1. ERA’S standard specification for the proposed road. 2. Design, socio-enviromental, ecomonic and financial feasibility of the alternative route by taking into consideration the future adverse impacts assumed to be occurred, particularly the movement of animals and humans along rural areas of the road side. 3. The best alternative among 3 options in terms of impact minimization. Table 5.1 Number of houses situated considering Option One (30m ROW in Town section and 50m ROW in Rural areas) and Option Two (50 m ROW in all areas) as well as 30 meters the town sction and 40 meters in rural sections along the project road Option One (30m Option Selected ROW in Urban Option Two Three (40m Option Woreda Kebeles areas & 50m (50m ROW ROW in all ROW in Rural in all areas) areas) areas) Konso - 0 0 0 Option Yabelo Elwoya 76 104 76 Three Arare 21 21 21 Kebele 1 54 73 54 Kebele 2 62 82 62 Teltele Brinardsabian 0034 19 4 Total 217 299 217 Source: Results of september 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2010 and Land acquisition survey 2009) As can be observed in the table 5.1 here above, the number of affected houses under option 2 is greater compared to other 2 options (option 1 and 3) while the number of affected houses in both option 1 &3 are similar. This implies in terms of the advers impact option 2 is higher than option 1 and 3. While, there is no significant difference between option 1 and 3 in terms of adverse impacts, the affected houses are within the boundaries of 40m ROW at rural section, eventhough consultant considered as a rule of direction to follow and maintain the required engineering design standard specification for the land deemed to be a right of way (ROW) for this particular Road project, which is DS 4 (50 meter ROW both in urban and rural area). Further more, as seen in the table 5.1: - The number of affected houses in option 2 is greater than option 1 & 3. Hence in terms of adverse impacts option 1 & 3 are less compared to option 3. But among 3 alternative option, the consultant selected option 3, as a best alternative because of the following reasons. - In terms of adverse impacts minimization ROW of 40 meters is more advantageous than ROW 50m. Because in forms of design and economic cost of resource intake particularly land resourse ROW of way of 40meter is less compared to ROW 50 meter in rural areas. Farther more in term of locational accessibility to wards settlement site ROW of 50m has an adverse impact compared to 40m, while 40m ROW is less accesss towards settlement and other resoures intake sites. Table 5.2 Break down of affected houses by their use type assuming Option One and Three (30m ROW in urban areas & 50m or 40m ROW in rural areas, ) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 41 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Rental houses Café and Bar Guard house Animal shed Grave house construction Restaurant, New/ under Water tank Residential Woreda Mosque Kebeles Church Office Clinic Hotel Store Shop Yabelo Elwoya 59 3 8 4 1 1 Arare 20 1 Kebele 1 16 4 17 4 6 2 2 1 Kebele 2 37 6 12 1 1 1 2 1 2 Teltele Brinardsabian 4 1 Total 136 13 37 4 11 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2010 and Land acquisition survey 2009) Table 5.3 Break down of affected houses by their use type assuming Option Two (50m ROW) and 40 Rental houses Café and Bar Guard house Animal shed Grave house construction Restaurant, New/ under Water tank Residential Woreda Mosque Kebeles Church Office Clinic Hotel Store Shop Yabelo Elwoya 85 3 10 4 1 1 Arare 20 1 Kebele 1 30 4 23 4 6 2 3 1 Kebele 2 47 7 17 2 1 1 2 1 2 Teltele Brinardsabian 17 1 1 Total 199 14 52 4 12 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 Source: Results of september 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2010 and Land acquisition survey 2009) 5.3.2 Loss of Fences Construction of the project road will affect fences situated on the road side. Type of fence would be affected are wooden, masonry, masonry and metal, only wood, wood, and wire and vegetal (live fence). The type and length of fences to be affected at each Wereda and Kebele are listed in Table 5.4 and 5.5 for options One, Two and Three respectively. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 42 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 5.4 Affected fences under Option One and Three Number Length of Wereda Keble Type of Fence of PAPs Fence in m Konso - - - Teltele Birindar 2 Vegetal (live fence) 105 Yabelo Masonry 178 Masonry & metal 1,728 Kebele 1 28 Wood 573 Wood & wire 143 Vegetal (live fence) 33 Masonry 488 Masonry & metal 182 Kebele 2 30 Wood 875 Wood & wire 387 Vegetal (live fence) 124 Wood 62 Elwoya 3 Vegetal (live fence) 134 Total 5,003 Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2010 and Land acquisition survey 2009) Table 5.5 Affected fences under Option Two Number Length of Wereda Kebele Type of Fence of PAPs Fence in m Konso - - - Teltele Birindar 2 Vegetal (live fence) 105 Yabelo Masonry 178 Masonry & metal 1,724 Kebele 1 28 Wood 573 Wood & wire 143 Vegetal (live fence) 33 Masonry 488 Masonry & metal 182 Kebele 2 31 Wood 899 Wood & wire 387 Vegetal (live fence) 124 Wood 62 Elwoya 3 Vegetal (live fence) 134 Total 5,032 5.3.3 Loss of Fruit and Economically Important Trees Widening of the road will affect some important fruit and commercial trees grown on both sides of the road. This impact will occur mainly at Konso woreda between km 0 and km17. The major economically important trees going to be affected in this stretch of the road include: Moringa, Mango, Terminalia brownii and a set of banana. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 43 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 5.6: Number of fruit and commercial trees to be affected under options One & Two Number of trees Number of trees Fruit/tree type under option One Under option Two and Three Mango 6 6 Moringa/Shiferaw 96 96 Terminalia 20 20 Banana 1set 1set Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2011 and Land acquisition survey 2009) 5.3.4 Loss of Crop Land Loss of crop and grazing land due to the proposed road widening has assessed and found to be 34.4 ha for option 1 and 2. While for option 3 is 26.72 ha. The total land acquisition requirement for the project including quarry sites, borrow areas, camp sites, etc is estimated to be 387.3ha for option 1 & 2. While, for option 3 is 291.6 there is no difference in land acquisition for option one and option two since all of the land to be taken are situated in rural areas of ROW 50m. While ROW of 40 less compared to option 1 & 2. There fore, in terms of impact minimization option 3 is the best alternative to be selected. Table 5.7 Land requirement for various purposes of the project road construction Area of land to be taken in Land Land use Land Hectares ownership Remark type required for Option Option Option One Two Three Farm land Road 22.8 22.8 18.24 Individual Land to land widening farmers compensation could be possible for Teltele and Yabelo Woredas, but the same is not possible in Konso as there is shortage of farm land Bush land Road 334 334 267.2 Communal Compensation may not widening be required Grazing land Construction 10 10 8 Individual/ Compensation may be camp communal required Bush land Borrow and 15 15 12 Communal Compensation may not quarry area be required Bush land Crasher site 5 5 4 Individual/ Compensation may be communal required Grazing Explosive 0.5 0.5 0.4 Individual/ Compensation may be storage communal required Estimated 387.3 387.3 309.84 total Source: Results of September 2011 field visit and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2009 and Land acquisition survey 2010) As can be observed in the table 5.7 in terms of land intake option 3 is less compared to option 1 and 2 this implies option 1 and 2 have more adverse impact on crop land intake them option 3 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 44 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 5.3.5 Loss of Communal Properties Common properties as commonly understood include water sources, religious places, cemeteries, market places, etc. Due to the proposed road construction few of communal properties would be affected by proposed road upgrading project are outlined and presented in the table. The land acquisition assessment revealed that a mosque at Yabelo a Protestant Church at Birindar, a Holy Spirit Church at Yabelo town and two burial houses of St. Mary Church at Yabelo would be affected. Table 5.8 List of affected communal properties under option one, Two and Three Number of Number of Number of affected affected Type of affected communal communal communal Location/town communal property property property property under Under Option under Otion Otion Two One Two Mosque Elwoya 1 1 1 Grave house Yabelo St Mariy 2 2 2 Church Protestant Church Birindar - 1 - Office Yabelo St Mariy - 1 - Church Holy sprit Church Yabelo - 1 - Total 3 6 3 Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2011 and Land acquisition survey 2009) As can be observed in the table 5.8 the no of communal properties affected under option 2 is greater compared to option 1 & 2, while option 1 & 2 are similar. This implies in terms of adverse impacts option 2 is more compared to option 1 & 3 while between option 1& 3 there is no siginificant differentce. But option 3 is selected as the best alternative among 3 alternatives by taking into consideration in the rural area the following factores:  Design and economic cost of 40m ROW is less compared to 50m ROW.  The adverse impact assumed to be created by locational accessibility towards settlement site 50m ROW is more compared to 40m ROW. Therefore 40m ROW is the best to be selected. The findings of the survey were presented to ERA management and Engineers. The positive as well as the adverse impacts were evaluated. Particularly the property to be affected, housed to be demolished, number of people to be dismanted, number of trees to be cleared and land acquisition have been taken into consideration. Thorough discussions were made at different time and finally comments and suggestion from the clients have been incorporated and the consultant and the client have been reached on agreement. The 40m ROW for the rural sections and 30 m for the urban sections is found to be feasible. ERA management and Engineers agreed on the same. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 45 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS 6.1 Introduction As part of this RAP Study, a socio-economic survey of the PAPs and a census and an inventory of assets were conducted for the preparation of the possible mitigation measures and compensation/rehabilitation plan for the road project as well as to provide baseline information for the project monitoring and evaluation. In this connection, a socio-economic profile of the PAPs is provided. In this section of the present RAP report for selected option (option 3) which is assumed to be implemented. The details of asset inventory and the list of project affected households (PAHHs) under Option One and Option Two and Three are enclosed as Annex 3, 4 and 5 respectively. 6.2 Characteristics of the Project Affected Households (PAHHs) 6.2.1 Distribution of PAPs by Location The Consultants conduct household Socio-Economic Survey in the project area. The total households that would be displaced due to lose of houses are about 217 and 299 in 30 and 50 m ROW respectively. As it is clearly seen from the household socio-economic survey data, the majority of the displaced persons by the project are from Elawoya and Yabelo towns. Table 6.1 shows the distribution of the affected PAPs by location. Table 6.1: Distribution of project affected households by location Affected Affected Affected HHs under Woreda Kebeles HHs under % HH under % % option option one option two Three Konso - 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yabelo Elwoya 76 35 104 34.80 76 35 Arare 21 9.7 21 7.02 21 9.7 Kebele 1 54 24.9 73 24.41 54 24.9 Kebele 2 62 28.57 82 27.42 62 28.57 Teltele Brinardsabian 4 1.84 19 6.35 4 1.84 Total 217 100 299 100 217 100 Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2011 and Land acquisition survey 2009) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 46 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 6.2.2 Household Size and Total Population to be Affected by the Project Road Construction The family size of the project affected PAPs varied between 1 and 17. The average HH size is 5.5 and the project affected total population is 1296 in option1 (preferred/selected option) and option3. While, 1646 in option one and option two respectively. Table 6.2: Total project affected population Total population Total population Total population Woreda Kebeles affected under affected under affected under Option One Option Two Option Three Konso - 0 0 0 Yabelo Elwoya 460 590 460 Arare 140 136 140 Kebele 1 300 423 300 Kebele 2 352 461 352 Teltele Brinardsabian 25 121 25 Total 1294 1731 1294 6 Source: Results of september 2011 field vist and study  (up date of  Socio�economic survey 2011 and  Land acquisition survey 2009)   6.2.3 Gender Composition of the Project Affected Household Heads Of the project affected Households 80.6% were males and 19.4% were females. Under option one (preferred/selected option) and option 3 while, under option three 81.9 males and 19.4% constitutes females. See Table 6.3 below: Table 6.3: Project affected household heads by gender Project affected Number Number Number under household heads under Option % % under % Option Two by gender One Option One Male 175 80.6 245 81.9 175 80.6 Female 42 19.4 54 18.1 42 19.4 Total 217 100 299 100 217 100 Source: Results of September 2011 field vist and study (up date of Socio-economic survey 2011 and Land acquisition survey 2009) 6.2.4 Ethnicity and Religion The Oromo, predominantly Muslims, and Konso predominantly Christian are the major ethnic group in the project area. There is also a considerable number of Amhara specifically in urban areas. 6.2.5 Occupations of the PAHHs Livestock rearing in the lowland areas and mixed agriculture in highland areas are the dominant economic activities of the rural communities within the project area. In Karat, Birindar, Elwoya and Yabelo towns, the business activities include shops, tea houses and hotels are the major occupations. Common crops produced by the PAHHs are Sorghum maize and teff. Overall, RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 47 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) sorghum accounts 58% of the total production, while maize and teff covers 28% and 14% respectively. 6.2.6 Vulnerable Groups The survey identified the vulnerable groups among the PAPs who are elderly, widows or female heads of the PAHHs. These persons are generally expected to suffer more as a result of the road project, for the fact that they are unable to resuscitate themselves in the absence of special government support. About 11 vulnerable PAPs were identified, of which 7 are female household heads, 4 males (Table 6.4). Throughout the implementation process, the vulnerable groups should be accorded special attention and support. They may need more assistance during land clearing and rebuilding new houses. The provision of any assistance sought by the vulnerable PAPs must be organized by the Resettlement Implementation Committee together with the Wereda Administrations and Town Municipalities. The list of vulnerable PAPs is attached in Annex 5. Table 6.4: Vulnerable PAPs No. Vulnerable Group Male Female Total 1 Female household head - 5 5 2 Elderly 4 2 6 Total 4 7 11 6 Source: Results of september 2011 field vist and study  (up date of  Socio�economic survey 2011 and  Land acquisition survey 2009)   6.2.7 Compensation Options During field visit and the survey period PAHHs were asked randomly regarding their preferred options for compensation. Most of the interviewed PAHHs preferred cash compensation to other forms of compensation. Moreover, all the interviewed PAHHs were willing to hand over the required land-space for the road alignment after getting appropriate compensation and preferred to move their properties during dry season. 6.2.8 Measures to Minimize Relocation/Resettlement Since the project road in rural areas mostly travels through sparse settlements, the Impact of the project road on the rural habitants would be minimal. However, widening of the road in urban areas, specifically at Birindar, Arare and Elwoya towns would affect roadside houses and public infrastructures. The number of PAPs in Elwoya alone is more than 200 which is the main criteria for conducting this RAP. On the other hand, about 2.5 km of the project road at Yabelo town has already constructed. Excludingof maintaining the standard ROW 50m rural and section 30m urban. Hence all of the houses listed in Yabelo town are not required to be relocated as already the road has constructed without strictly demanding the required and preferred ROW of 30m in the urban area and 50 m rural. Therefore, as mitigation measure of resettlement recommend to minimize it is recommend that the construction contractor during actual construction period should take the initiative to minimize as much as possible if not care should be taken not to relocate more house and associated facility services ROW in both at rural and urban areas. According to ERA’s standard, the required ROW RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 48 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) for the proposed road is 50m. But to minimize its impact we recommend implementation of Option Three which allows 30 m ROW in Urban areas and 40m ROW in rural areas. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 49 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION 7.1 Consultations with Local Communities The involvement of local community members and other stakeholders in any development project will ensure the sustainability of the project under consideration. Accordingly, the propose project is a category A project, the consultant has conducted three consultation with a wide range of project concerned stake holders ( government organizations and local communities including the PAP) in the project area. To inform, incorporate their views and opinion in the project planning and implementation process, and share and agree on the mitigation measures. In this instance all consultation were documents, minutes with signed assistance (See photo below as wellas Annex1A, 1B and annex 9 (signatures of House Hold) for the list of organizations and consulted persons). All the interviewed community members unanimously agreed on the proposals for the upgrading of Konso – Yabelo Road Project. All of them believed that the realization of the proposed road construction will improve the socio-economic development of the areas and improve the existing road accessibility problems and attract developmental investors and tourists to the area. Photo 2: Consultation with local community at Konso special Woreda Jarso Kebele and Teltele Woreda at Birindar Kebele 7.2 Consultations with Respective Woreda Administration Officials The study team has consulted with Konso, Teltel and Yabelo Woreda officials to grasp their views on the road project. The officials noticed that the construction of the project is one of the key development issues of the respective Woreda. They believed that the realization of the proposed road upgrading work will solve the existing poor road condition and access problems of the area. Finally, they promised to support the implementation of the project by all means as much as they can. (Minutes of the Meetings are attached in Annex 2). As an outcome of the consultation with each Woreda Administration, the following consensuses have been reached:  To provide replacement land for the relocation of affected persons if any;  To keep the ROW and prevent people not to build any houses in the designated ROW width. Whoever wants to build houses or any structure in ROW won't be paid any compensation and the officials agreed not to allow anyone to build houses in the ROW; RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 50 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  To deliver all necessary support to the PAPs during the relocation and compensation processes.  Photo 3: Consultation with Konso and Yabelo Woreda Authorities 7.3 Consultation with Elwoya Town Officials The study team has consulted with Elwoya Town officials where the road construction is expected to affect more houses. The consultation was aimed to grasp their views on the road project and to inform about the completion of inventory of affected assets and properties within the proposed ROW. The officials noticed that the construction of the road project is very essential for the town development. They believed that the major problems of the town (mud, erosion and dust) will get improved as the result of the implementation of the road project. Concerning the project affected people, the Kebele officials assure that they will provide land for the reconstruction of affected houses within the nearest open place. 7.4 Consultations with the Project Affected People The study team has also consulted with the project affected people to obtain their attitudes and views on the project road (See photo 4). The affected community members noticed that the upgrading of the project road is one of the basic priorities for socio-economic development of their Weredas. They also believe that the upgrading of the project road will facilitate transportation between Konso and Yabelo and will solve the existing shortage of transport. Finally, the consulted project affected people forwarded the following points to be considered during the project road upgrading:  Project affected households should get appropriate compensation and relocated in suitable areas before the start of the project road construction. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 51 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  The members of compensation committee should include representatives from the affected households, community elders, and experts from concerned government offices so as to provide fair and appropriate compensation for the project affected households.  We understand that in the course of road construction some houses and properties will be affected. Some of these properties belong to old aged, disabled and poor households. Therefore, the government should give special attention to help these vulnerable groups  The road should be constructed maintaining the best quality standard and having adequate road width to accommodate future improvements of the road without affecting road side houses and properties again, and  Finally, we want to assure that we will contribute all what we can afford for the successful implementation of the project road.  Photo 4: Discussions with Project affected households 7.5 Social Acceptability of the Project Road The project road is immensely important to the lives of residents along the project area, in terms of providing better access to medical facilities, market places and educational centers. Therefore, social acceptability of the project road is unquestionable and it has been proven during the public discussions and household socio-economic survey. All the people interviewed along the road, including elders and elected members of the community, have given a clear indication of acceptance of the proposed road construction. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 52 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 8. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE One of the mechanisms to disclose the project is conducting public consultation with the project affected people and relevant stakeholders. The public consultation is part of the ESIAand RAP studies and it should be conducted throught the study phases of the project. Public consultations at these levels of the study are vital to disclose the type and nature of the project to directly affected people and to incorporate the public concerns, feelings and advices in the design of the project. Projects designed through such a public participation are well recognized by the public and induce the feeling of ownership. Timely disclosure of the project to the public is also important to empower the community and involve them in a project implementation process. This eventually would make the project sustainable and socially acceptable. After the completion of the study, the summarized reports of the project study can be disclosed to the public through mass media such as radio, television and news paper. The other possible way to publicize the outcome of the studies is putting the report on ERA’s website. Conducting workshop on the draft reports could also help to disclose the project for concerning stakeholders and interested experts. Distributing copies of draft and final reports to the public relation offices at the project Woredas could play important role in disclosing the outcome of the assessments to the directly affected communities and Woreda level officials. Further disclouser of this RAP could be done through the RAP implementation committee to be formulated and by the ERA’s ROW Agent. Finally, the RAP, once cleared by the Government, will also be disclosed in the World Bank’s InfoShop. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 53 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 9. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND ENTITLEMENT 9.1 Eligibility Criteria The Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA stated that resettlement and rehabilitation are recognized as civil rights in the Ethiopian legislation (Art. 44 No.2 of the Constitution of FDRE) so that PAPs should be consulted and compensated for the loss of their properties due to government or public induced projects. Moreover, the FDRE committed itself to abide the involuntary resettlement policy of the World Bank. Thus, ERA has adopted the World Bank procedures for resettlement/rehabilitation for the fact that the eligibility criteria set by the World Bank is basically comply with the Ethiopian national legal requirements. The WB Operational Directive concerning the lost assts has stressed that households that have only partially lost their assets but are no longer economically viable should be entitled to full compensation/resettlement. Moreover, the following criteria for eligibility for the displaced persons are based on the Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA and they are adopted for the RAP preparation.  Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized by the law of the country);  Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such lands or assets- provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan;  Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying. Eligibility to receive compensation is usually established through a cut-off date. Affected people who are settled in the area prior to the cut-off date, usually the date of census, are eligible persons (EPs). People who settle in the project affected area after the cut-off date will not be considered for compensation. For this particular case the cut of date is the date of the revised and update study of socio-economic survey and the land acquisition report (2009 and 2010) which was on September 30, 2011. The former cut of date was based on the inventory undertaken in 2009 and 2010. Since then a lot of changes has been made in ROW. Therefore, it was deemed important to set new cut of date based on the inventory undertaken in 2011 that September 30, 2011. All the local administration and the PAPs have informed about the new cut-of-date and all have this in mind. The local administrations have also agreed no to do any activities and to control any activity within the ROW in their respective Kebeles and Woredas. In this connection, the consultan observed no expansion of land in the project targated area during the field visit and up date of Socio-economic and the land acqustion survey study paroid. The consultant discussed the issues at site with concerned stakeholders and administrative officials and reached on agreement to prevent further expansion. During implementation of this RAP each affected household head or individual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their legal rights over the property to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimate stakeholder and receive compensation. 9.2 Resettlement Sites ERA’s Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework recognizes that a partially affected structure is as bad as fully affected and recommends full compensation for that structure. By this logic, all the people affected because their residential or commercial structures are partially or fully affected, are eligible for replacement land for relocation. The Elwoya, Brinardsabian and Yabelo Towns Municipality and the Woreda Administration of the project areas have committed RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 54 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) to identify suitable places to relocate the displaced households and commercial establishments in the vicinity of the lost properties. The consultations also confirmed that the potentially affected people were willing to handover their holdings in order to facilitate the implementation of the project provided that appropriate compensation is given. They are preferred to resettle by them selves within 0.5 km areas right and left sides a way 40m ROW and to be relocated after payment of compensation for their affected properties before one month of commencent of construction activities. In this instance all 217 households within 1294 are asssumed to be physically relocated within near by of their own land or the land provided by the local administrative officials. Moreover, there is an open area which is proposed by the Elwoya Town Municipality for the relocation of PAPs in the future expansion zone of the town. The proposed relocation site is within the town expansion area that is not more than 0.5km from the town centre and is a suitable site for better residence and business activities. For those displaced households along the road in rural areas, there may not be relocation to far sites since they can move their houses to the adjacent land behind the houses to be removed. No household will lose more than 10% of their lands. Therefore, we do not need separate income restoration program. But some of the households might be disturbed during shifting and also for loses less than 10%. Therefore, disturbance aloance has to be given for them. The details about disturbance alloance have been indicated in section 9.3. 9.3 Income Restoration Measures The affected people will temporarily lose income due to the time taken to rebuild their new houses and shifting (transport belongings). Therefore, it is proposed to compensate this loss of cash income as a transitional allowance for up to Three month’s average income therefore, based on project targeted site of Ethiopian setting 15.75 Birr per day per person is recommended. This value is neither based on the World poverty line 1.25 USD nor based on the Ethiopians 0.065 USD. Fixing this rate based on the total Ethiopia poverty line figure is incorrect to compensate PAPs at the project level. This is because the average household income varies significantly from place to place in Ethiopia. Cash crop producing sections have high income while others incomes are far below that. Thus, this value is based only on the grass root level average income in the project area. Therefore, in addition, they will also be assisted to shift their properties to the new settlement places. 9.4 Entitlement Matrix This RAP is based on the ERA R&R Policy Framework and other relevant laws and practices of the Government of Ethiopia. The resettlement entitlement matrix shown in Table 9.1 is based on these legal, administrative and policy frameworks and recognizes different types of losses associated with dislocation and resettlement. These include the loss of house, other structures, fence, trees, and crop and other agricultural properties. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 55 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 9.1: Resettlement Entitlement Matrix Type of Loss/ Definition of Entitled Expected Application Entitlement Benefits Persons (EP) Results Loss of crop/grazing Land affected by Owner(s): a person  Commensurate replacement Replacement land ROW with ownership right land or give compensation by for lost land or certificate of land estimating crop production for compensation ten years from the lost land and for the lost land then multiply the production by current market price Loss of crops Standing crops on Owners of crops  Advance notice to harvest Compensation land affected by crops. for standing ROW  Grant equal to market value crops of crop lost plus cost of replacement of seeds Loss of residential Residential land Owner(s) of residential  Commensurate replacement Replacement for land plots plot structures residential land. lost land. Loss of house/shop House / Shop Owners of Residential /  Cash compensation at Compensation structures structures Commercial Structure replacement / market value for for residential / shop structures. reconstruction of house and shop structures. Loss of public Electric and The respective  Cash compensation at Compensation properties (Electric telephone poles and concerned government replacement / market value for for public and telephone poles, water pipe line organizations poles and pipe lines properties. water pipe line) affected by ROW Loss of trees Trees affected by Owners of trees  Cash compensation at Compensation ROW replacement / market value for for lost trees. trees paid by the project. Loss of income due Structures on ROW Owners of structures  Up to one month’s average Transitional to replacement house suffering temporary income to each affected allowance for / shop construction loss of income during household as transitional lost income and shifting construction period allowance. Average income as obtained from the socio- economic sample survey. Special Assistance to Land / structures on Aged and disabled,  Social assistance from Kebele Social assistance vulnerable groups ROW widows / PA Other unanticipated Unforeseen impacts will be documented and mitigated based on the principles of the ERA R&R Impacts Policy Framework. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 56 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 10. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF THE RAP 10.1 Institutions Involved in the RAP Implementation Although number of different institutions may be involved in the implementation of the RAP for the Konso – Yabelo Road Project, the following are considered to be the major institutions for RAP implementation: d) At National Level:  Ministry of Finance and Economic Development  Ethiopian Roads Authority (EMSB, ROW Branch, Finance Division, Civil Contract Administration Service and Contract Administration and Planning Division)  Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority Out of the responsible stakeholders listed at National level, ERA’s Contract Administration and Planning Division is the most responsible division for the implementation of the RAP. It will be in charge of monitoring the entire resettlement process. Therefore, through its agents who will be members of the RICs, the division will be able to coordinate, inspect and supervise. The Division will principally supervise the monitoring of the RAP implementation process. e) At Regional and Zonal Level:  The Oromia Regional State and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional state  Resettlement and Food Security Office  ERA District Road Maintenance Contractor and Zonal Rural Roads Authorities  Zonal Administrations f) At Wereda Level: Practical activities of RAP implementation will be carried out at Wereda level. Therefore, involvement of different stakeholders at the Wereda level will be crucial for the smooth implementation of resettlement and rehabilitation processes of the project affected people. Accordingly, responsible institutions and their roles in the RAP implementation processes are stated as follows: Wereda Administration Office: Arrange offices and provide all the necessary administrative supports for the RIC. Provide resettlement areas for the PAPs and avail necessary services for the PAPs in the new resettlement areas. Town Administrations/Municipalities: Provide land for reconstruction of replacement structures in the urban areas and construct access roads in the resettlement areas and other necessary supports in relation to its regular duties and scope of responsibilities. The major roles of the town administrations include among others:  Participate in providing of socio-economic data during socio-economic survey and in the preparation of the project resettlement action program;  Cooperate with the Consultants during consultations with community members, social groups; and PAPs;  Support the Consultants during property inventory survey and Prohibit development activities in the proposed ROW widths after the project Cut-of Date is fixed; RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 57 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  Provide property value rate to estimate the compensation of project affected properties;  Allocate suitable resettlement site for the project dislocated persons;  Participate in the implementation of Resettlement Action Plan in the area of organizing Resettlement Implementation Committee, rehabilitation of PAPs, payment of compensation for PAPs, etc  Participate in monitoring and evaluation of resettlement implementation. Wereda Agricultural and Rural Development Office: Coordinate and facilitate inclusion of environmental management activities in the resettlement areas. Coordinate planting selected trees in the newly resettled areas and will perform other duties as required to support RIC. Wereda Health Office: Provide health services and health education for the PAPs, monitor health problems and sanitary situations in the resettlement areas and create awareness regarding HIV/ADIS prevention. NGOs Working at Wereda/Zonal Level: Involve in providing different trainings for PAPs, participate in prevention of HIV/AIDS and environmental conservation activities Community Elders: Contribute for the smooth implementation of RIC activities by utilizing their acceptability in their communities. Keble Representatives: Participate in RIC and facilitate all the necessary administrative activities at Kebele level. Electric Office: The Electric Service Department in the project affected areas will have significant roles to play in the project implementation among which includes:  Remove project affected electric poles and replace them at proper places so that the community will get the usual service;  Supply electric light to the project dislocated persons in the new resettlement sites; Telecommunication: The Telecommunication Corporation of the project area will have significant roles to play in the project implementation among which includes:  Remove project affected Telephone poles and replace them at proper places so that the community will get the usual service;  Supply telephone service to the project dislocated persons in the new resettlement sites; Water Supply Offices: The Water Department in the project affected area will have roles in the project implementation among which include:  Give relevant information for the preparation of resettlement action plan of the proposed road project;  Remove project affected distribution pipelines and other affected properties from the ROW of the project;  Supply of water to the new settlement areas of the project dislocated persons. 10.2General Steps for the Implementation of RAP The implementation of the RAP will consist of land and assets acquisition for the road alignment and resettlement and rehabilitation (R & R) activities. The program schedule for the major tasks of the RAP is shown in Table 10-1. The best accepted practices by WB and as well as ERA and RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 58 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) others is that the civil works of the project should be launched only after the disbursement of full compensation to the PAP. The major activities related to the implementation of the RAP are the acquisition of land and assets to facilitate the project implementation. The implementation of the RAP would consist of the following major stages: 1. Deployment of staff, including formation of committees; 2. Issuing of legal notification for land acquisition and the cut-off date; 3. Verification of entitled PAPs and their type and level of losses; 4. Preparation of list of PAPs for relocation; and relocate/compensate them, and 5. Monitoring relocation and rehabilitation of PAPs. 10.2.1 Formulation of the RIC ERA will establish Resettlement Implementation Committees (RIC) in project affected Weredas. A Resettlement Implementation Committee (RIC) to be established at each Wereda level should be composed of 5 members. The composition of the RIC should consists of an experienced person from the ERA ROW agent, one representative from the local administration (Woreda), a representative from Woreda level environmental protection and land use office, a representative from the PAPs community members (preferably who having leadership roles and/or influential within their communities, and a representative from the Wereda level police station. Priority should be given to women to participate in RIC. The head of this committee should be the representative from the Wereda Administration and he will be in charge of coordinating, arranging RIC meetings, allocation of responsibilities and should report to Wereda administration office and ERA’s ROW Branch. The RIC will take the responsibility of coordination, management and monitoring of the practical day-to-day implementation of the resettlement activities, including the disbursement of compensation. 10.2.2 Delivery of Compensation Payments and Procedure The Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework of ERA require that resettlement is the responsibility of the government. For that effect, ERA allocates an annual budget for expropriation and compensation, which may be required as a result of the construction/rehabilitation of their road network. As part of the project preparation for the road project, the names and details pertaining to the project road affected households were documented. The Wereda authorities in collaboration with RIC will confirm the exact number of PAPs during the implementation of the RAP. ERA has a standard procedure for distributing compensation payments and ERA’s Finance Division and the Construction Contract Implementation Division will disburse the payment jointly. ERA’s current practice involves payment of compensation made in cash directly to the individual PAP in the presence of the RIC. Besides, the RIC will monitor if the compensated PAP has used the compensation amount to replace the lost asset. 10.2.3 RAP Implementation Schedule The Implementation process is assumed to begin at least eight months before the start of actual construction works and has to be completed before the start of the actual construction work. Based on these assumptions the RAP implementation schedule has been prepared and presented below: RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 59 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Formation of Resettlement Implementation Committee It is recognized that one of the first activities will be to establish the RIC at Woreda level. Its composition and role have been discussed above. The committee will be responsible for the smooth implementation of the RAP. Awareness Creation In the course of the household socio-economic survey and census and assets inventory carried out for the project road, consultations /discussions were held with the officials of each Wereda administration, Town Municipalities, Wereda Agricultural and Rural Development Offices, Wereda Health Offices, Wereda Education Offices and as well as the project-affected persons. Hence, the Consultants have already started the awareness creation process amongst the PAPs and their communities. The RIC will have to conduct further discussions with the affected persons as well as the community as a whole, when the ROW agent visits the project area to reconfirm the properties that will be affected and effects the compensation amounts. Special attention should be given to women during the awareness creation endeavors for the fact that they are often excluded from such participation it is because their pivotal roles is in the household affairs. Commencement of RAP Implementation The commencement of the RAP implementation will be begin by establishing RIC and provision of awareness to PAPs and these will take 3 weeks. ROW Survey and Fix Compensation Payment The RIC with the ROW agent will undertake a detailed inventory activity and fix compensation rate based on the local market value for the detailed lists of the affected properties. The activities will consume about 8 weeks. Identification of Land for Resettlement The Woreda Administrations and Town Municipalities have confirmed that there will not be any problem in providing replacement plots to PAPs in towns and rural areas. In most cases, the PAPs in rural areas could simply remove their house from the ROW and reestablish it just to the available land behind the existing ones. However, the Woreda Authorities will have to reconfirm relocation sites together with the ROW Agent. The identification of land for relocation and its confirmation process will take a total of 3 weeks. Compensation Payment Once the RIC has determined the compensation amount based on the local market value, it will disburse the payments to the PAPs. Effecting the payments of compensation will take 6 weeks. Payments must also be made before the project’s physical construction works begin. Preparation of Land Both land preparation and clearance may take approximately 2 weeks. Bush removal and general ground preparation may take another 2 weeks. So, in total the process of identification, clearing and land preparation will take a maximum of 4 weeks. Construction of New Houses and Social Services Once land has been allotted and the area is cleared, construction of the new houses and other structures can begin. This is expected to take about 12 weeks’ time. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 60 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Monitoring Activities Monitoring will have to be undertaken during and after the entire resettlement process. Table 10-1: RAP Implementation Schedule Types of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th No. Activities Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month 1 Project Preparatory Activities 1.1 Establishment of RIC 1.2 Awareness Creation & Issuing of legal notification for land acquisition 2 RAP Implementation 2.1 ROW Survey and reconfirm PAPs 2.2 Verification of entitled PAPs and their type and level of losses 2.3 Fix compensation rate 2.4 Identification of land for resettlement 2.5 Confirm relocation site 2.6 Payment for compensation 2.7 Land preparation 2.8 Construction of new house/structure 2.9 Payment of displacement allowance 2.10 PAPs move to new house/structure 2.11 Support for vulnerable groups 2.12 Monitoring of RAP RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 61 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 11. SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT 11.1 Background A Socio- Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) study was conducted for the Road Project in order to assess the impacts on natural resources and the social environment. The study provides a detailed socio-environmental management and monitoring plans, which will have to be implemented during construction and operation of the project road. In this chapter, only the socio- environmental impacts due to the implementation of the RAP are considered. 11.2 Anticipated Socio-Environmental Impacts due to the RAP Implementation The consultations with the Weredas and Town Municipality confirmed the availability of land for the purposes of resettlement. This will have to be reapproved by the local Woreda Authorities once the relocation process begins. It is believed that the possible relocation sites are very close to the original PAPs’ sites. The main socio-environmental impact due to the implementation of the RAP would be linked to site selection, to organizing the displaced people, to the clearing of trees, bushes and shrubs. 11.2.1 Social Impacts of Relocation The social impacts due to relocation/resettlement are expected to be relatively low as the extent of relocation and consequent upheaval is low, and thus even if all the affected persons (fully and partially) are considered, the extent of the impact would not be much. 11.2.2 Impact of the Project on HIV/AIDS The Konso – Yabelo Road Project construction would be the potential cause for spread of HIV/AIDS in the project area mainly due to the huge influence of road construction workers most of whom are young and sexually active. The arrival of large numbers of construction workers coupled with cultural factors, such as the practice of polygamy reported to be common in the project area communities, could exacerbate the spread of the pandemic in the project area unless effective HIV/AIDS control and prevention measures are carried out. In the course of the public consultations held with health officials, it was indicated that the incidence of STDs is known in the project Weredas. 11.2.3 Action Plan to control HIV/AIDS Pandemic An action plan of awareness campaign and prevention of HIV/AIDS for the dislocated people should be integrated with the implementation of compensation and rehabilitation programs. The action plan should be a more of interactive program which include education concerning the modes of spread and financial implications and fatal outcomes of the disease. It would be worthwhile launching a sexual health awareness program in the resettlement areas. An action plan is proposed here for awareness campaign and prevention of HIV/AIDS, as shown in Table 11.1 and a comprehensive budget appended to the R&R budget. The awareness program can be subcontracted to experienced consultants or specialized NGOs could handle it. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 62 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 11.1: Plan for Awareness Campaign and Prevention of HIV/AIDS Major Action Implementation Source of Overseeing Responsibility Activities Components Responsibility Funding Awareness Signing/ NGO/Experienced ERA in collaboration with Part of the Campaign hoardings Sub contractor each Woreda Health Office RAP Fund Condom NGO/Experienced ERA in collaboration with Part of the Prevention Dispensing Sub contractor each Woreda Health Office RAP Fund NGO/Experienced ERA in collaboration with Part of the Counselling Counselling Sub contractor each Woreda Health Office RAP Fund 11.3 Socio-Environmental Protection and Management Considerations The following considerations must be taken into account during the relocation process:  The interest of the displaced people during the resettlement process should be respected and PAPs should be consulted and participated in the process of RAP,  The problems of project affected vulnerable groups should be identified and appropriate support should be given;  Relocation sites should not be located on land with gradients greater than 5% in order to minimize soil erosion;  During the clearing and preparation of land, care must be taken to avoid the destruction of indigenous tree species which are considered to be endangered in the area. Thus, the following measures need to be taken as mitigation measures to the adverse impacts of the resettlement program.  The displaced people should be encouraged to organize themselves so as to participate in the improvement of their living conditions;  Special support should be provided to the vulnerable people during house construction;  All indigenous trees must be preserved, unless there is good reason to cut them down for the purposes of construction;  Secure green plots in the resettlement area:  Plant at least 10 tree seedlings for every affected mature trees;  Construct appropriate drainage systems in the settlement area;  Only the land that is required solely for the purposes of resettlement should be cleared;  All cleared land must be planted as soon as possible to protect the exposed land against soil erosion;  Wherever possible, soil conservation methods (such as terracing) should be employed. Representative of Rural and Agricultural offices and environmental protection offices are the ones to be involved in such activities;  The PAPs that are resettled should be provided with appropriate sanitation facilities in this case pit latrines. The latrines must be located at reasonable distance from any possibility of contaminating consumable food items and water sources; RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 63 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  During the dismantling of the present structures, and after construction of new structures, all construction debris should be carefully disposed off, at a dumpsite specified by professionals. Under no circumstances should building debris be thrown into streams or rivers or any other water bodies. 11.4 Socio-Environmental Management Plan The socio-environmental management plan including management cost and responsible body to execute the activities is presented in Table 11.2. Table 11.2: Socio-Environmental Management Plan and Estimated Cost Socio-Environmental Management Estimated Cost Executor Activities (Birr) Provided appropriate sanitation Local administration, Town Part of the facilities such as pit latrines in the new Municipalities, Wereda Health offices replacement resettlement areas. The latrines must structures cost be located at least 50 meters far from any sensitive areas such as potable water sources Establish green areas in the Local administrations, Town 120,000 resettlement areas and plant locally municipalities, Agricultural & Rural accepted tree species Development offices (Forestry department) and environmental protection offices at Wereda level Construct access roads in the Local administration, Town Part of their resettlement areas including municipality routine work appropriate drainage systems Follow up proper implementation of EMSB of ERA, a representative from 150,000 compensation and rehabilitation Administration offices of each Woreda proposals and NGOs Clean all the salvages and waste Contractor who construct new houses Part of the RAP materials from the construction process for the re-settlers implementation of new houses and dump in an cost appropriate and authorized places Create awareness among the re-settlers NGOs working particularly in 400,000 and recipient communities regarding HIV/AIDS prevention, Anti- HIV/AIDS prevention and control HIV/AIDS clubs, Woreda health offices Total EMP Cost 670,000 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 64 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 12. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 12.1 Need for Grievance Redress A grievance is furiousness or bad feelings coming from a feeling of having been neglected. In case of projects involving land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, the grievance procedure and appeal mechanism are an important aspect related to R & R of the PAPs because there may be individuals who are not satisfied with their compensation package or the resettlement process, or who may feel that they were eligible for compensation. It is essential to settle these issues as early as possible in order that the resettlement process is on the right track and it is therefore, necessary to set up systems to address such grievances. 12.2 Grievance Redress Mechanism The best means of addressing any complaints or claims is through dialogue. Accordingly the grievance redress committee should be localized to achieve successful outcome. Thus, when a PAP has a grievance, he/she will first discuss the issue with localized RIC which are at rural and urban Kebele sites If the RIC is not able to address the grievance, the complaint should be passed on to Grievance Committee (GC). The GC will comprise of one representative from the Woreda Administration, one representative from the PAPs, and one elderly person (influential) from the PAPs community. In order that this committee is independent, the members should not be members of the RIC. In case further arbitration is necessary, this will be conducted by an Arbitration Appraisal Committee (AAC). The AAC should be comprised of a member of the Zonal Administration, the Regional Road Authority (RRA) and an elderly community leader. If still no consensus is reached, then legal recourses may be taken. All the committee will be established once the RAP is cleared and disclosed to avoid loss of committee members due to long time between the ROW survey and the RAP implementation. All the Compensation Committee (CC), Griviance Committee (GC) and Arbitration appraisal committee (ACC) will be given short awareness training by ERA. Therefore none of the committees have been established at this stage. But all the processes and procedures were discussed during the consultation with all the stakeholders. Further clarification will be given to the PAPs and the committee members through ERA Environmental and Social Management Team and the ROW team through the ROW agent. The ROW agent deployed will facilitate the establishment of these committees but do not take part in any of the committees as in principle all the committees should be free fron any influence from the client. 12.3 Function of the Grievance Committee The broad functions of the GC are the following:  Record the grievances of PAPs categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances related to replacement land and compensation.  If required, the GC would undertake site visit and ask for relevant information from the project authorities, etc.  Fix a time frame; say a period of 7 days, to resolve the grievances.  Inform the aggrieved parties about the development of their respective cases and their decision to the project authorities and the aggrieved parties as well. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 65 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) The following steps should be followed in order to achieve consensus for any grievance related to any aspect of the project.  The affected person should file his grievance to the RIC. The grievance note should be written, signed and dated by the aggrieved person.  The RIC should respond within 7 days. Thus, any meetings and discussions to be held with the aggrieved person should be conducted within this time frame. If the grievance relates to valuation of assets, then other experts may need to be brought into value the assets, and this may necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person must be notified that his/her complaint is being considered.  If the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome of the meetings is passed on to the grievance committee.  The Grievance Committee will then attempt to resolve the problem within 7 days of the complaint being lodged with them, again through dialogue and negotiation. If no agreement is reached at this stage, then the complaint is taken to the Arbitration Appraisal Committee.  The Arbitration Appraisal Committee will embark on further negotiations with the aggrieved PAP. If the PAP does not agree on the decision of the Arbitration Appraisal Committee, he/she may appeal to the Zonal courts of law within three months from the decision of the committee. 12.4 Response Time The whole mechanism of RIC, GC and AAC will hear grievances once in 7 days. However, as the entire resettlement and rehabilitation process has to be completed before road construction work starts, these committees may meet frequently and more than once every week, depending upon the number of such cases. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 66 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 13. MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN 13.1The Need for Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the RAP implementation are compulsory activities in involuntary resettlement. Monitoring involves periodic checking to determine whether activities are performed according to the RAP. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. By contrast, evaluation is essentially a summing up job, examining whether those planned activities are carried out successfully and achieved their intended objectives or not. One of the objectives of the resettlement plan is to ensure that the PAHHs and families regain, and preferably improve upon, their living standards. The measures proposed in detail in this report are designed to meet this objective. A Monitoring and evaluation program will, accordingly, be implemented to (a) record and assess project inputs and the number of persons/families affected and compensated, and (b) to confirm that their former living standards are being re-established. To this effect, there are two broad activities to be monitored; first, the progress of land acquisition and second, the R&R activities. The ranges of activities and issues that will have to be recorded and monitored include:  Land acquisition and transfer procedures;  Disbursement of compensation and assistance;  Construction of replacement structures by the displaced families;  Re-establishment of the demolished houses and business enterprises; and  Rehabilitation of income levels. Besides, two broad categories of indicators, (a) input and output indicators and (b) outcome/impact indicators, will be used to monitor the project implementation. Input and output indicators relate to the physical progress of the works and include such items as the extent of assets acquisition and compensation paid, the number of households displaced and resettled, the extent of government land identified and allotted to the project affected households, other R&R assistance extended and the related financial aspects. The outcome/impact indicators relate to overall project objectives as stated in the ERA R&R policy. 13.2Internal Monitoring of Project Input and Output Indicators Monitoring Input and output indicators refer to project performance monitoring, which would be carried out as an internal management function. In this case the RIC will play a major role. The participation of the affected people in performance monitoring is also necessary. The PAPs will elect their representatives to participate in the monitoring of the implementation of the RAP. They should also be involved in the identification of indicators for monitoring purposes. The cash compensation will be paid directly to the PAPs. The RIC will monitor the rebuilding process and will be responsible for ensuring that the PAPs are using the compensation fund for rebuilding the affected structures or property. A simple means of conducting performance monitoring is by measuring progress against a list of required actions and milestones. For example, each month the RIC should document the following indicators: RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 67 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final)  The number of meetings held with the PAPs, content of the discussions meetings and agreements reached;  Grievance redress: the number of complaints lodged, how many complaints are being addressed, how many have been resolved and how the grievance redress mechanism is functioning;  The number of compensation payments made and the number of pending payments;  The number of PAPs relocated to their new houses/structures, and the number that still have to be relocated;  The number of vulnerable people provided with assistance, the kind of assistance sought and how it was given. The RIC will need to present monthly reports to the Wereda administration, ROW Branch and to the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch at ERA. In addition, the Regional Bureau for Planning and Economic Development should be availed of the monthly reports. A suggested input and output monitoring indicators format is presented in Table 13.1. Table 13.1: Input and Output Indicators Responsible No. Monitoring Input Output Body I. Financial Progress 1 Amount disbursed for structure compensation Compensation ROW branch and 2 Amount disbursed for acquisition of other assets Compensation EMSB at ERA, 3 Amount disbursed for transitional assistance Assistance Regional Finance 4 Amount of shifting allowance Assistance and Economic 5 Fee paid to NGO for HIV/AIDS Project support cost Development Bureau II. Physical Progress 1 Total land required Acquisition ROW branch and 2 Number of PAPs whose residential structures Compensation EMSB at ERA, were acquired and demolished Regional Finance 3 Number of PAPs whose commercial structures Compensation and Economic were acquired and demolished. Development 4 Number of PAPs allotted agricultural land Economic Bureau rehabilitation 5 Number of PAPs allotted residential plots Rehabilitation 6 Total area of agricultural land allotted Rehabilitation 7 Total area of residential land allotted Rehabilitation 8 Number of PAPs who received transitional Economic allowance rehabilitation 9 Number of eligible persons (EPs) who received Relocation shifting allowance III. Social Development 1 Consumption pattern Economic well being ROW branch and 2 Occupational pattern Diversified EMSB at ERA, RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 68 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Responsible No. Monitoring Input Output Body opportunities Regional Finance available and Economic 3 Health status Improved health Development 4 Literacy Access to education Bureau 5 Time disposition of women Increased productivity 6 Decision making by women Improved status 7 Drinking water Basic needs met 8 Schools Increased facilities 9 Health centres Increased facilities 10 Community infrastructures Community development IV. Participation of Stakeholders 1 Number of meetings for dissemination of Awareness about the ROW branch and information on R&R project EMSB at ERA, 2 Number of PAPs approaching the RIC, GC and Grievances Regional Finance AAC got grievances resolved/unresolved and Economic 3 Selection of resettlement sites Decision making by Development the PAPs Bureau 4 Number of PAPs self-relocated Decreased dependency on the project 5 Number of women PAPs deciding the relocation Minimising impact on site women 6 Number of women PAPs gainfully employed Increased opportunity for women 7 Number of PAPs moving the court Implementation of project within the time frame 8 Total area, number of structures, and PAPs Minimising negative saved from negative impact during social impact implementation 13.3 External Monitoring of Project Outcome/Impact Indicators The progress of the project should be monitored against the objectives of the project, through impact performance indicators. Table 13.2 contains a list of suggested outcome/impact performance indicators, which will be used to monitor by external consultants. These indicators are important tools in understanding the progress targeted and planned in the resettlement plan and will form the basis for monitoring and evaluation of the R&R implementation. The socio- economic survey undertaken during the project preparation will provide benchmarks for comparison on the socio-economic status of the PAPs in the post project period. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 69 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 13.2: Impact Monitoring Indicators for the external consultants Type Indicator Examples of Variables Responsible body  Employment status of  External consultant economically active members;  Landholding size, area cultivated Household and production volume by crop; Earning  Changes to income earning Capacity activities – pre- and post-project;  Amount and balance in income and expenditure.  Participation in training programs;  External consultant Changes to  Use of credit facilities Impact Status of  Participation in road construction; Indicator Women  Participation in commercial enterprises.  School enrolment rates – males and  External consultant Changes to females; Status of  School attendance rates – males Children and females;  Growth in number and size of  External consultant Settlement and settlements; Population  Growth in market areas;  Influx of squatters. The outcome/impact indicators are, in effect, parameters for measuring the qualitative impact of the project and how the project has changed the lives of the people qualitatively. These indicators are expected to provide information about whether the project objectives are being achieved or not. A key objective of the project is the restoration and improvement of affected people’s income and quality of life. 13.4 Project Evaluation It is recommended that an evaluation of the RAP implementation, commissioned by ERA, is carried out by an independent third party to assess compliance of the RAP implementation with involuntary resettlement policy. The key objective of the external post evaluation will be to determine whether efforts to restore the living standards of the affected population have been properly executed. The evaluation will also verify the results of performance monitoring and identify adjustments to the RAP if required. The evaluation will asses the following but not limited to:  The appropriateness of the relocation sites,  The appropriateness of the implementation schedule;  The appropriateness of the grievance mechanism;  The mechanisms for assisting vulnerable groups. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 70 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) During the external evaluation, social survey will have to be conducted. The baseline information collected on the socio-economic conditions of the affected population at the beginning of the project (before displacement) will be compared with that collected during the evaluation. Thus, any adverse or beneficial socio-economic impacts due to the resettlement process (and also due to the road project) may be determined, such as the impact on income levels, school attendance, health status, changes in land use, changes in population patterns, changes in settlement patterns, etc. The PAPs will have to be actively involved in impact monitoring, particularly in the identification of indicators. Participatory meetings with the PAPs will be necessary. The co-operation of the RIC is also crucial during these evaluations. While ERA will effect internal monitoring of the RAP implementation on monthly basis, impact monitoring for evaluation by an external agency should be first carried out approximately 3 months after the PAPs have been relocated, and thereafter annually for a period of at least 2 years. At the end of each evaluation, a report should be submitted to the Financer, ROW Branch and to the Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch at ERA. A budget has been provided for external monitoring in the RAP implementation costs. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 71 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 14. RAP IMPLEMENTATION COST 14.1 Introduction It is the fact that people affected by development projects have the rights to be compensated/ rehabilitated and resettled by the government wherever the situation compels. Once the government approved the required budget and transferred to the ERA account, the implementation is undertaken through a coordinated effort and involvement of the Finance, Contract Administration, Legal and Right-of-Way and Planning & Programming Division. The Finance Division processes the estimated fund and finally the compensation is distributed through the Contract Administration Division (ERA, Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework, pp-29). Technical and administrative services needed to support normal public sector inputs during implementation are also acceptable items. 14.2 Methodology Adopted for Valuation of Affected Assets 14.2.1 Methods of Valuing Replacement Cost for the Affected House and Other Structures According to the Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy Framework of the Ethiopian Roads Authority (February 2002, pp-26), the basis of valuation of houses is Gross Current Replacement Cost (GCRC). This is defined as the estimated cost of erecting a building as new having the same total external area as that existing with the site works and services on a similar piece of land. The valuation process also considers the use of compensation value for affected properties. “Compensation Value� is defined as the amount to be paid to the lease holder which is calculated as an amount which is above the gross current replacement cost, including the costs for the inconvenience caused to the leaseholders by relocation, and to enable the same leaseholders to build slightly better houses than what they currently occupy. Compensation should take into account market values for land, structures, and materials. In determining the replacement cost for affected houses, the following points are considered:  The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for depreciation) is considered;  Depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an affected asset;  For those houses that are partially demolished/affected are assumed as if the entire house is affected. Therefore, compensation for the entire house will be paid;  The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses. The cost of each house that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of specification and bill of quantities prepared by the town municipalities along the project area; and  The households who lose their houses due to the project will receive full replacement cost plus compensation value. The compensation value is the family's expenses and loss in income in making the transition is duly recognized and accounted and compensated for to cover the loss of established business, and the social disruptions and inconveniencies. With this compensation value, the affected people can cover any expenses associated with their relocation/re-housing including access to social and public services. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 72 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) In keeping with this policy of ERA, the consultant gathered the replacement costs of structures (including fencing) and other properties from different sources mainly from Yabelo Town Municipality Office (see Annex 6). Table 14.1: Replacement Cost Obtained from the Yabelo Municipality Description of Cover Estimated Unit No. Size interval houses Type Replacement Cost cost/m2 1 Small house <24 m2 CIS 82,000 Birr 3,416 2 Medium >24m2<70m2 CIS 200,000 Birr 2,857 3 Large >70m2 CIS 300,000 Birr 4,285 4 Small hut Diameter 6 Grass roof 16,000 Birr 565 5 Medium hut Diameter 10 Grass roof 25,000 Birr 318 6 Large hut Diameter 12 Grass roof 30,000 Birr 265 Average unit price for Huts 382 Source: Yabelo Municipality, 2009 Since most of the affected houses are sized between 24 and 70 m2, we took the unit price rate provided for medium sized houses, which is 2857 birr/ m2 for CIS houses. On the other hand average unit price that is 382 birr/m2 is taken for traditional hats. 14.2.2 Compensation Cost of Houses and Other Structures The estimated costs of compensation for structures under Option One, Two and Three are indicated in Table 14.2. Table 14.2 Estimated cost for the compensation of affected houses and other infrastructures under Option One Two and Three. Types of Average unit Total cost in Alternatives Unit Amount Houses cost in Birr/m2 Birr Option One CIS roofed m2 7,177 3,570 25,629.067 houses Traditional m2 3,189 492 1,568.988 huts Total 10,366 27,198.055 2 Option Two CIS roofed m 9,530 3,571 34,031,630 houses Traditional m2 4562 492 2,244.504 huts Total 14,092 36,276.134 2 CIS roofed m 7,177 3,570 25,629.067 houses Option Traditional m2 3,189 492 1,568.988 Three huts Total 10,366 27,198.055 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 73 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 14.2.3 Compensation for the Loss of Fruit and Economically Important Trees Widening of the road will affect some important fruit and commercial trees grown on both sides of the road. This impact will occur mainly at Konso woreda between km 0.00 and km17. The major economically important trees going to be affected in this stretch of the road include: MoringA, Mango, Terminalia browniI and a set of banana. Table 14.3: Estimated cost for the compensation of affected trees under Option One and Option Two Average Number of Total Alternatives Types of Trees Unit Amount Unit cost years to be cost in /tree considered Birr Option One Mango Number 6 70 10 4200 (30 m in Moringa/Shiferaw Number 96 40 10 38400 urban areas & Terminalia Number 20 35 10 7000 50m in rural Banana Number 1set 50 10 500 areas) Total 50,100 Option Two Mango Number 6 70 10 4200 (30 m in Moringa/Shiferaw Number 96 40 10 38400 urban areas & Terminalia Number 20 35 10 7000 50m in rural Banana Number 1set 50 10 500 areas) Total 50,100 Option Mango Number 6 70 10 4200 Three Moringa/Shiferaw Number 96 40 10 38400 Terminalia Number 20 35 10 7000 Banana Number 1set 50 10 500 Total 50,100 14.2.4 Compensation for Loss of Fences Construction of the project road will affect fences situated on the road side. Type of fence would be affected are wooden, masonry, masonry and metal wood and wire and vegetal (live fence). Table 14.4 Estimated cost for the compensation of lost fences under Option One, Two and Three Sub Total Length of Unit price Alternatives Type of Fence Compensation Fence in m (Birr/m) estimate in Birr Option One (30 Vegetal (live fence) 396 50 19,800 m in Urban Masonry 666 135 89,910 areas & 50m in Masonry & metal 1901 340 646,340 Wood 1510 50 75,500 Rural Areas) Wood & wire 530 75 39,750 Total 5,003 871,300 Option Two (50 Vegetal (live fence) 396 50 19,800 m in all areas) Masonry 666 135 89,910 Masonry & metal 1906 340 648,040 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 74 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Sub Total Length of Unit price Alternatives Type of Fence Compensation Fence in m (Birr/m) estimate in Birr Wood 1534 50 76,700 Wood & wire 530 75 39,750 Total 5,032 874,200 Vegetal (live fence) 396 50 19,800 Option Theee Masonry 666 135 89,910 (30 m in Urban Masonry & metal 1901 340 646,340 areas & 40m in Wood 1510 50 75,500 Rural Areas) Wood & wire 530 75 39,750 Total 5,003 871,300 14.2.5 Compensation for Loss of Crop Land The land acquisition data and socio-economic survey revealed that a total land acquisition requirement for the project including quarry sites, borrow areas, camp sites, etc, is estimated to be 387.3 ha. Out of this land about 38 ha of crop and grazing land would be taken due to the road construction. Rest of the land is bush land and no need to compensate in terms of money but restoration and re-plantation will be required. The cost for these activities is considered under environmental management plan. The methodology adopted for the valuation of the cost of compensation for the lost crop land is based on three common most important annual crops grown on crop fields along both sides of the proposed project road, those are sorghum maize and teff and considering average market price and average productivity of each crop. The amount of productivity per ha of farmland and the average market price of each crops per quintal is based on discussions conducted with local farmers along the existing road, market assessment and Woreda Agricultural and Rural Development officials. Table 14.5: Cost Estimate for Loss of Annual Grain Crops from a ha of land Annual yield/ ha No. Major Crops Market price/ Qt (Qt) 1 Sorghum 10 880 2 Maize 13 750 3 Teff 8 1450 Average 10.3 1,010 Compiled from project affected woreda Agricaltural offices As shown in the Table 14.5, the average productivity of Sorghum, maize and teff in the area is 10; 13 and 8 Qt/ha respectively and the current market price of the same crops in the local markets is Birr 460, 440and 960/Qt respectively. The Consultant considered the average productivity and current local market price per quintal of the major crops for the preparation of compensation for the loss of annual grain crops. Finally the result multiplied by 10 to consider the compensation for the effort put in developing the farm land by the landholder. Table 14.6: The Estimated Compensation Costs of Crops RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 75 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Area of Average Total Average Estimated crop and Crop Compensation Alternatives production market price compensation grazing production factor (Qt) per Qt (Birr) cost (Birr) land in ha. (Qt/ha) Option One 38 10.3 391.4 1010 10 3,953,140 Option Two 38 10.3 391.4 620 10 2,426,680 Option Three 217 150 32,550 217 150 32,550 14.2.6 Compensation Estimate for Communal Properties Few communal properties such as churches, mosque and offices would be affected due to the upgrading of the proposed road. See table below for the estimated compensation cost. Table 14.7: Estimated compensation cost for communal properties Types of Communal Average unit Alternatives Unit Amount Total cost in Birr property cost in Birr/m2 2 Option One Mosque m 57 2857 162849 Grave house m2 289 2857 825673 Total 346 988,522 Option Two Mosque m2 57 2857 162849 Grave house m2 289 2857 825673 Protestant Church m2 61 2857 174277 Office m2 74 2857 211418 Holy sprit Church m2 135 2857 385695 Total 616 1,759,912 Mosque m2 57 2857 162849 Option Grave house m2 289 2857 825673 Three Total 346 988,522 14.2.7 Resettlement & Rehabilitation Support Costs Shifting Cost It is presumed that all the affected/displaced households will shift to a new location, for which they need to transport their belongings. Two types of transportation means are available for the purpose: draught animals (donkeys, camels) and human load can be used for moving belongings to the new settlement site. The cost of moving belongings would obviously depend on the size of moveable property one has, the type of transport used, and the distance involved. Assumed averages have been used for the purpose of calculating shifting costs. It is assumed that a single household may possess 10 camel-load of property to be moved. The cost of renting a camel or donkey for a day is about 75 Birr (including man labour) and the average distance to the relocation site is assumed to be 1km. A single donkey can make 5 round trips to and from the relocation site. An affected household would, therefore, need to rent 2 camels or donkeys for a day and the cost of shifting for this household would be 150 Birr. Therefore, for the purpose of indicative budget, the standard price 150 Birr for 10 donkey trips has been considered. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 76 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Table 14.8: Summary of Shifting Costs (ETB) Alternatives No. of Affected HHS Shifting cost per HH Total Shifting Cost Option One 217 150 32,550 Option Two 299 150 44,850 Option Three 217 150 32,550 Transitional Allowance Lost income from the affected households due to the time taken to rebuild new houses and shift (transport belongings) will be paid to the PAPs in the form of transitional allowance, based on the project targated sites of “Ethiopian setting. Accordingly the average income considered per person per day is 15.75 Birr or 472.5 per person per month. According to the PAPs socio-economic survey results, the average household size of the PAPs is 5.5. Therefore, 5.5 family members per household are considered for the transitional allowance. In this connection up to three-month time would be required to acquaint them to the new situation and settled fully. Accordingly, the estimated amount of transitional allowance for PAPs is shown in Table 14.9 below. Table 14.9 Transitional Allowance Costs (ETB) Transitional Number of Total No. of No. Alternatives Allowance Cost months to be Transitional PAHHs PAPs per PAP/Month considered Allowance Cost Option One 217 1296 472.5 3 1,837,080 Option Two 299 1645 472.5 3 2,331,787.5 Option Three 217 1296 472.5 3 1,837.080 Replacement Land Preparation Costs The estimation of the costs of land preparation is based on the following three assumptions:-  All affected households will move to new locations;  All affected households will be provided with 300m2 of replacement land and  Two daily laborers could clear and prepare land up to 300m2 in a day. The cost of hiring one daily wage laborer is 35 Birr. Therefore, the cost of clearing and preparing 300 m2 of land is 70 Birr. Using these assumptions, the total cost of land preparation, which could be covered under the loan component, is shown in Table 14.10 for Option One, Two and Three. Table 14.10: Replacement Land Preparation Costs (ETB) Land Preparation Total Land Alternatives No. of PAHHs Cost per HH plot Preparation Cost Option One 217 70 15,190 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 77 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Land Preparation Total Land Alternatives No. of PAHHs Cost per HH plot Preparation Cost Option Two 299 70 20,930 Option Three 217 70 15,190 Assistance for Vulnerable Groups At the time of implementing the compensation and the resettlement action plan of the project special attention, support and care will be given to female-headed households and to the elderly. Even though assistance and support is expected to be provided by the extended family network and close friends, quantified social compensation should be provided in monetary terms for both the female-headed households and elderly. Therefore, social compensation is considered for five female-headed households and six elderly household heads. Table 14.11: Social Compensation for Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable Compensation per vulnerable Amount in No. Number Groups household head Birr 1 Female HH 5 1000 5,000 2 Elders 6 1000 6,000 Total 11 - 11,000 PAP Training Persons who would be displaced from their livelihoods need adequate training, consultation, creation of alternative jobs, and credit schemes. Therefore, a lump sum of 150,000 Birr has been included in the RAP cost to cover the expenses of provision of vocational training for the displaced persons. Budget for Resettlement Implementation Committees A lump sum of 40,000 ETB has been included in the RAP cost to cover the expenses of the RIC during the implementation of the resettlement action plan. This will be used to pay for stationery materials, travel expenses and daily allowances for the RIC. 14.2.8 Summary of Estimated Cost for the Implementation of RAP The estimated cost for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the project road is summarized below in Table 14.12. The cost estimates have been done for the two options (Option One and Option Two). Table 14.12: Estimated Cost for the Implementation of the RAP under Option One, Two & Three. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 78 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Option Three (30m Option One (30m ROW ROW in urban Option Two (50m N in town section & 50m section and 40m Cost Items Unit Unit rate ROW in all areas) o. ROW in rural areas) ROW urban section all areas) Qty ETB Qty ETB Qty ETB A Compensat    ion 1 Replacemen m2 Various 10366 21,722,887 14092 28,969,89 10366 21,722,8 t cost of 4 87 houses 2 Compensati Number Various various 50,100 various 50,100 various 50,100 on for trees 3 Compensati Meter Various 5003 871,300 5003 874,200 5003 871,300 on for fences 4 Compensati    Various 346 988,522 616 1759912 346 988,522 on for communal properties 5 Compensati Qt. Various various 2,426,680 various 2,426,680 various 2,426,68 on for crop 0 Sub- Total:    26,059,489 34,080,78 26,059,4 Compensat 6 89 ion B Resettleme    nt Support 7 Shifting No. of 150 217 32,550 299 44,850 150 217 cost HH 8 Transitional No. of 472.5 1296 1,837.080 1645 2,331,787. 472.5 1296 allowance PAPs 50 9 Cost of No. of 70 217 15,190 299 20,930 70 217 replacement HH land preparation Support for No. of Lump 11,000 11,000 11,000 vulnerable HH sum PAPs Sub-Total:    1,751,235 2,408,568 1,751,23 Assistance 5 C Support for    Project Implement ation 10 External L.S 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Monitoring and Evaluation Consultants 11 Internal L.S 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 M&E Cost 12 RIC budget L.S 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 79 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 13 PAP L.S 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 training 14 Fee for L.S 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 NGO for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 15 Environmen L.S 270,000 270,000 270,000 270,000 tal managemen t cost of the resettlement area Sub- Total:    905,000 905,000 905,000 Support Total    28,715,724 37,394,35 28,715,7 (A+B+C) 4 24 D Contingenc    2,871,572.40 3,739,435. 2,871,57 y (10% of 40 2.40 the total cost) E Adm. Cost    1,435,786.20 1,869,717. 1,435,78 (5 % of the 70 6.20 Total RAP Cost) Grand    33,023,082.6 43,003,50 33,023,0 Total 0 7.10 82.60 (A+B+C+D ) In terms of    33.02 43 33.02 Million ETB RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 80 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 15. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Based on the analysis and synthesis of the study findings, it is concluded that there is no impact that cannot be mitigated, reduced or minimized. On top of this conclusion, it is recommended that based on tentative proposed schedule and activities, the project proponent should take the initiative to implement the tasks successfully. The total estimated cost for the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the project road is Birr 33.02 Million for Option One and Three and Birr 43 Million for Option Two respectively To minimize the RAP implementation cost and to reduce overall impact of the project, it is recommended to implement Option One that limits the ROW to 30m at urban settlement areas and 50m ROW at rural areas. In the meantime this Option will allow ERA future road widening in order to upgrade it to Highway Standard (4 lanes + paved shoulders) without additional cost, leaving room also to side utilities as telecommunications and electric power lines, since within the 50m ROW in rural areas no farms are actually established. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 81 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) REFERENCES 1. A proclamation provided for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs. Proclamation No. 295/2002, Federal Negarit Gazeta. 2. Central Statistics Authority, 2008. The population & Housing Census of Ethiopia,. 3. Environmental Impact Analysis of the Five Roads Selected for Rehabilitation and/or 4. Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines Document. EPA, July 2000. 5. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002, Federal Negarit Gazeta. 6. Environmental Impact Considerations for Transport Sector Projects. EPA, 1997. 7. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002. Federal Negarit Gazeta. 8. ERA, 2001, Environmental Procedures Manual 9. ERA, 2002, Resettlement/Rehabilitation policy framework 10. Ethiopia Tourist Map, 1:2,000.000 Scale. 11. Ethiopia: National Report on Environment and Development. A Report prepared for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. January 1992. 12. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization. Wildlife Conservation Areas Summary Sheet. 1990. 13. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Volume 7 – Poaceae (Gramineae). By Sylvia Phillips. Editors: Inga Hedberg & Sue Edwards. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Uppsala, Sweden, 1995. 14. Flora of Ethiopia. Volume 3 – Pittosporaceae to Araliaceae. Editors: Inga Hedberg & Sue Edwards. Addis Ababa & Asmara, Ethiopia; Uppsala, Sweden, 1989. 15. Oromia Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation. Proclamation No. 56/2002. 16. Oromia Rural Land Use and Land Administration Policy. Regional Government of Oromia, 2002. 17. Some Threatened Endemic Plants of Ethiopia. Ensermu Kelbessa, Sebsebe Demissew, Zerihun Woldu and Sue Edwards. In: Botany 2000: East and Central Africa. NAPRECA Monograph 2: 35-52, 1992. 18. Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual. Volume I. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa. 1999. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 82 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) 19. Standard Environmental Methodologies and Procedures Manual. Volume II. Ethiopian Roads Authority, Addis Ababa. 1999. 20. The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia. Volume II. Federal Policy on Natural Resources and the Environment. EPA, 1996. 21. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (part of the Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, 1989). 22. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia. Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. Azene Bekele-Tesemma, et al, 1993. 23. Walia No. 15. Journal of the Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society. 1994. RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, 83 Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEXES RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF CONSULTATIONS RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 2 MINUTES OF MEETINGS WITH WOREDA OFFICIALS RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 3 LIST OF PAPS AND TYPE OF IMPACTS UNDER OPTION ONE (30M ROW IN URBAN AREAS & 50M ROW IN RURAL AREAS) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 4 ADDITIONAL AFFECTED PAPS AND TYPE OF IMPACTS UNDER OPTION TWO (50M ROW IN ALL AREAS) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 5 LIST OF AFFECTED FENCES RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 6 LIST OF VULNERABLE PAPS RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 7 CURRENT COST OF HOUSE CONSTRUCTION AT YABELO ZONE (OBTAINED FROM YABELO MUNICIPALITY) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 8 SOME PICTURES OF THE PROJECT AREA RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Konso town (Left), Starting point of the project road at the junction of Konso-Feshagent road) Right) Sheferaw and mango trees located within the ROW RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Houses situated with in the ROW at Elwoya town Fence and trees located within the road ROW at Yabelo town RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) Erosion at the outlet of the culvert (Left) and erosion at the river embankment at around km 76 (right) Consultation with local community at Konso special Woreda Jarso Kebele, Teltele Woreda at Birindar kebel, Yabelo Woreda at Arboro and at Elwoya kebele respectively RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 9 LIST OF HOUSE HOLD WITH THEIR AGREED SIGNATURE RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority Consultancy Services for Review of Environmental Impact Assessment, Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design, and Preparation of Tender Documents of Konso – Yabelo Road Project Resettlement Action Plan (Final) ANNEX 10 CONFIRMATION LETTER RENARDET S.A. Consulting Engineers Ethiopian Roads Authority