58606
What the Career Information Can
aiIk'sWorld
and Cannot Do-for You
VOL 5 I NO 1 JANUARY 1986
In this issue:
Articles
Know Thyself-and Plan
2 . . ._ .......... PII. Ya,
e.l'llr. The Career Information
Center can do some things to help
Your Career
your career development, but there by Ellen Tillier
are some things it cannot do.
I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' If.......... F••d. Staff
can rest assured the Fund is in good
hands.
8 C••• ElL 8.1.1. That's the number
to dial for pension information and
counseling.
7 • ."............
........ Newly retired, she was
aBank pioneer.
• .............. H................
More than 5,000 staff have already
sought Nevine Gargour's advice.
• 1'111 ...... 1I ..1In: ....... It
It .................... 1.1...
Some startling photos and how the
photographer took them.
15 LIfI ..... II .... AfrIcII
....... Intemational program is
eradicating river blindness.
1. THIll If MIl
............. Evaluating adecade
of lending.
1. ' ..... 1'
DIltlICIIn. A frame is
more than adecorative border.
n 1••51_ • • •_.'.
.... 1 ....... 1tDrIeI. An
annual look at what's been written
Departments
11 I ..... 11CIftI: Excerpts from
speeches by Ernest Stem and
Edward V.K. Jaycox.
17 .......
1.............
28 ltaffe.......
22 ...... .....
22 I.ItIIr II .... EIIIIIr
Ie AI ...... ......
COVER: Charles Kramer (left), Chief,
Career Information Unit, and two of his
associates, Lynne Motley, Career
Research Analyst, and Jim Garey, Charles Kramer, Chief of the CIC, and the DISCOVER program. Photo by William Spidle
Secretary, behind a computer terminal on
which auser can use DISCOVER to get to
know himself better. Photo by William Spidle
I t's not intended to make a sweeping
change in your working life from
the client what his tastes are," he says.
"You can show him the travel bro
tion about position requirements,
skills needed, and criteria for selection
one day to the next, but the new chures of the places he might like to and promotion. They may also wish
Career Information Center (CIC), due visit, provide him with different time some guidelines, for instance when
to open in early March, may make a tables and costs to get there, suggest they complete their Performance Plan
big difference in how you manage your some itineraries, but it's up to him to ning and Review (PPR). The CIC,
career. decide whether or not to make a trip." which can respond to these needs, is
The idea behind the CIC is to offer Infomation about Skills yet another resource for staff, along
a unique service within the institution with the Personnel Officers and others.
For the first time, the Bank will have
that combines information and ad The main purpose of the Center is
a central office where staff can obtain
vice~akin to outside career counsel to help you plan your career. The
information about the skills and re
ing-for staff to use on a voluntary Center can help you make a realistic
sponsibilities required for positions
and confidential basis. assessment of how your present skills
throughout the Bank and IFC. Now
By using the CIC, staff will become can be used within the Bank, or if you
that more occupational streams have
better informed about positions in the set your sights higher or in a different
been defined, you will be able to see
institution, better advised about their direction, what additional training
how positions fit into the organiza
own career possibilities, and, there and/or experience you may need to
tion. If you are interested in a stream,
fore, better equipped to make sound reach your career goal. If you are set
you can pick up a "career progression
career decisions. It is one step in the on pursuing a career that cannot be
summary" at the Center. The sum
Bank's effort to promote career devel accommodated within the Bank, the
mary will tell you immediately what
opment, an area of concern for staff, CIC might even suggest other organi
qualifications are needed for the posi
as expressed in the Attitude Surveys. zations where your interest might be
tion, whether the position is open to
Precious Source of Help pursued.
competitive promotion or to a profes
The ground rule, however, is to look sional growth promotion and other Self-Assessment Program
at the Center as a precious source of details. Initially, the Center's main self-as
help in planning a career for yourself, If you are contemplating a change sessment tool is a computer program
and as a central office to obtain infor in streams, the Center will provide called DISCOVER. Developed by the
mation about Bank and IFC occupa information on what training, ifany, American College Testing Program
tions. While the Center will be able to would be useful to cross over. If you and Counseling Systems, DISCOVER
suggest positions for which you qual are contemplating a change injobs, is being adapted for the Bank. The
ify, or others which would require ad but are not sure where you want to program consists of a step-by-step ap
ditional training, it is not meant to go, the Center provides self-assess proach in five modules-you can do as
serve as a placement bureau. ment tools so that you can learn more many as you wish-and takes about
If you bear this rule in mind, and about yourself and the careers that four hours to complete. DISCOVER
remind yourself that your career in the may suit your aspirations. If you need requires you to do a lot of thinking
Bank depends mostly on your own additional advice, you can have indi about yourself and the activities you
initiative, there's a good chance that vidual sessions with a professional prefer. It's an intense exercise in get
the CIC may turn out to be what counselor, who will discuss your ting to know yourself better.
you've been waiting for to help you career planning strategy with you and The CIC will also make available
take your own career more firmly in provide a "second opinion" to help other self-assessment programs, in
hand. you make up your own mind about cluding "Careerspeak" and "Self-di
Charles Kramer, Chief, Career In your career plans. rected Search." .t ~
formation Unit, likes to compare the To plan and manage careers, super The final phase in the process-and
CIC to a travel bureau. "You can ask visors and staff alike need informa again, strictly on a voluntary basis-
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 3
is one or several individual career dis 'DISCOVER forces you nilly be channeled into the manage
cussions where you can review aspects ment chain."
of your career status in strict confiden to make decisions In setting up this Center as part of
tiality. CIC staff will give you the in about a plan of action. its commitment to career develop
formation and guidance you need, It throws the ment, management also recognizes
help you interpret the results of your that the CIC is in the interest of the
assessment, and suggest ways to reach responsibility back to institution. As staff become more
your goals. But all decisions are yours you in the right kind of aware of the opportunities in the
to make. way. It gives you help, Bank, they will be more motivated.
As part of the preparatory work "Our goal is to help staff achieve
before the Center officially opens for but it doesn't make the their potential on a realistic basis,"
business, Mr. Kramer and his staff are decisions for you.' explains Mr. Kramer. "Once we have
running a pilot program to test initial helped staff establish their goals, we
staff reactions. Various units in the can make recommendations to attain
Bank were chosen for the program look at it as a helpful step forward in them. As the Bank evolves, we will
and, within those units, volunteers the Bank's approach to career devel know whichjobs are in demand, and
came forward to try the services on a opment." which are on the wane. Our overview
confidential basis. As will be the rule Another volunteer with 25 years of of occupational streams and position
when the Center becomes operational, experience in the Bank in a specialized descriptions will enable us to be cre
managers received no feedback from field wanted to see what other oppor ative and flexible in our approach. We
CIC staff on the volunteers in their tunities the institution offered. She re hope to be able to suggest passages
unit. ports that the best part of DISCOVER from one career stream to another,
is that it helped her find out what her where none were apparent."
Volunteers Speak
true experience was and how it applies
Without breaching that confiden to other positions. "I'd encourage any Success of Pilot Program
tiality, several volunteers agreed to body interested in a career change to One reason for the success of the
speak to The Bank's World about their try the program," she says. "It's not pilot program, in Mr. Kramer's view,
experience. perfect-it takes a long time to do, you is that when he described the services
"This Center came just at the right have to think very carefully about your of the CIC to the volunteer units he
time for me," reports one volunteer. answers and you can't go back to cor immediately limited the scope of the
"I came to the United States several rect mistakes-but, if you're willing to service in order to squash runaway
years ago and only intended to stay a make the effort, the results can lead expectations.
few years. Now I have to decide you to a greater awareness of your "Introduction to the pilot program
whether to leave the Bank or change marketable skills. I was amazed at all was carefully prepared," he says. "The
direction within the institution. How the linkages between my position and volunteers were aware of what the
do you go about making that kind of others that I never thought existed." CIC can-and cannot-do. I believe
decision? You need help to put some A third volunteer liked the way the this was one reason for the favorable
structure into your thinking. program "pinpoints your likes and reaction. With careful preparation,
"When I volunteered for the pilot dislikes very clearly. It's hard to pull the success of the pilot program can be
program, I had already gone to the all this out of your head, but you can repeated for all staff, provided that
University of Virginia's Counseling see it clearly after you pull it out of the they, too, understand the scope of the
Service, and I can report that the computer." exercise. "
DISCOVER program does the same Managers of the units involved in In theory, the CIC can be used as an
thing without having to go outside the the pilot program are also impressed. effective source of support for all staff.
Bank. DISCOVER forces you to "I see a tremendous need for.this kind "Everybody, at some point, needs to
make decisions about a plan of action. of service," says one. "The first two sit down and reflect about his or her
It throws the responsibility back to Attitude Survexs indicated that career career," he says. "Now staff will know
you in the right kind of way. It gives development is one area where there is there is a place in the Bank where they
you help, but it doesn't make the de much skepticism. Some staff are con can find out more about themselves,
cisions for you. And CIC staff did a lot fused about the possibilities for career learn more about his or her career
of research for me, without mention growth. The procedures used for se opportunities, and be assured that all
ing my name. They saved me a lot of lecting candidates for a position are discussions will remain private and
spade work, and I was impressed by not always clear. It will be interesting outside the stream of procedures."
their respect of confidentiali ty. So, I'm to see how managers respond to bet Staff interested in the opening of the
a great enthusiast. The impact of the ter informed staff, and how the ideas CIC should watch for an announce
program will probably be slow, but I stimulated by the Center will willy ment in the Weekly Bulletin. II
4 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
Managing Managers and Strategies
Keepers of the Pension Fund
by Ellen Tillier
t's a successful arrangement based
I on small is beautiful. Surprising as
it may be, only a handful of Bank Staff
manage the Fund: Hilda Ochoa,
Chief, Pension Investments Division,
the total needed to finance the Fund
every year as estimated by the actu
and three investment officers. aries-the outside experts who esti
propel the ever-growing and top per mate the financial needs of the Fund
forming BankjIFC Staff Retirement Good for Staff on an annual basis in relation to long
Fund. The current market value of the For the past three years-1982 to term needs.
Fund is about $1.6 billion. 1984-the Fund's performance has Originally, the actuaries estimated
"The secret of the Staff Retirement put it in the top 10% oflarge pension that the Bank's average contribution
Fund's success is simple," says K. funds in the United States. "While would be 14%. But as late as 1981,
Georg Gabriel, Vice President, Pen staff do not directly benefit from in which was still a time of high inflation
sion Fund. "We've kept to a tight, creased assets, the results are good for and lower returns on assets, the Bank
compact unit which concentrates on the Bank and also good for staff be contributed 19.1 % of gross pay. "Our
the overall allocation of assets and cause it keeps funding of the Plan in good returns for the past three years
leaves the management of the Fund's balance, and therefore ensures the se are due in large part to the behavior
individual pieces to outside managers curity of the Fund," says Mr. Holland. of most financial markets," says Mr.
who are constantly being evaluated in As staff may know, their contri bu Holland.
terms of performance. The role of the tion to the Fund doesn't vary: 7% of
nucleus of staff is to manage the man their gross salary is deducted from The Key Factor
agers and allocate assets among man their paycheck each month-whatever In 1985, for instance, the Bank's
agers and the various categories of the returns on the Fund. On the other contribution was lowered for the
assets." hand, the Bank's contribution can bob fourth consecutive year, from 15.8%
Under Mr. Gabriel's aegis is the up and down depending on the re to 14.5%. "But if we were in a period
Pension Department directed by Ber turns. The Bank makes up the differ of poor financial returns and returns
nard Holland. Only four other people ence between staff contributions and on assets were low," Mr. Holland ex-
Bernard Holland, Director, Staff Retirement Plan Department (left); Hilda President, Pension Fund, discuss the results of the Fund in Mr. Gabriel's
Ochoa, Chief, Pension Investments Division; and K. Georg Gabriel, Vice office. Photo by William Spidle
THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1986 5
plains, "we could not assure a contin of a manager who takes our account stand compared to the world markets?
uation of the Fund's present perfor is about five years." "We're also good at correcting mis
mance. The key factor is that the re The unit sees itself as a crossroad of takes," adds Ms. Ochoa. "We con
turns on stocks and bonds have been information. "We have to be knowl stantly analyze performance history,
good for the past several years. But edgeable about more than 50 types of have to be good judges of character,
there are going to be bad years, too. If financial assets," says Ms. Ochoa. "In and our frequent meetings with the
there's a sharp decline in most finan order to do this, the unit has a fairly managers give us many insights. We
cial markets, the Bank will have to comprehensive software system which have an 'open door policy' so that the
make up the shortfall." gives the breakdown of exposure to managers can call on us at any time."
But market performance is only the major asset categories. For each All decisions made at these meet
part of the story. For the Fund to do category, there is a risk profile to de ings are made within policy guidelines
well, it needs active and astute man termine the action to follow." the department prepares for approval
agement. "It isn't possible for the by the Pension Finance Committee.
'Bargain Basement' Approach
Bank to have an in-house capability of Members of the Committee include
managing all the different types of One of the reasons for the Fund's two Executive Directors; two repre
assets in the Fund," says Ms. Ochoa. success is its investment in underval sentatives from the Staff Association;
"Our focus here is to develop and ued securities, which pose a higher but two outside members; members ofse
implement investment strategies. The manageable risk. "We use a 'bargain nior staff; a retired staff member; and
in-house effort concentrates on com basement' approach to some of our Mr. Gabriel, who is chairman.
parative advantages. We prefer to stocks," Ms. Ochoa explains. "We
manage assets rather than people." look for value in offbeat assets. Ifwe In Good Hands
The Fund's assets are divided into looked where everyone else is looking, While staff won't immediately ben
six categories: (I) V.S. common value would be much harder to find. efit from the success of the Fund, they
stocks; (2) V.S. fixed-income invest But we make sure we don't take un can rest assured that it is in good
ments; (3) non-V.S. investments; (4) necessary risks. Apart from the special hands and growing to serve future
cash reserves; (5) real estate; and (6) situation and real estate assets, all our retirees.
venture capital and special situations. assets can be liquidated immediately." As Mr. Holland puts it, "The Staff
Weekly strategy meetings are held Retirement Plan is the most valuable
Asset Mix to determine if there is a need to benefit for staff, and the second most
"The role of the unit," says Ms. change the asset mix. Discussion cen important element of total compensa
Ochoa, "is to follow the market in ters also on the performance of out tion. It deserves to be studied careful
broad terms and keep an overview side managers-whether a manager ly."
over all six asset categories. We should be terminated or added; More details about the Retirement
couldn't possibly monitor all move whether exposure to long-term bonds Plan are explained in a 20-minute au
ments from within the Bank . We de or V.S. securities should be increased diovisual program that can be shown
cide on the asset mix, the investment or decreased; whether the country dis at a division or department staff meet
strategies, the currency mix, and the tribution of the portfolio is adequate. ing. You can call James Boucher on
mix of industry groups-like oil or In other words, how does the Fund Ext. 61250 for a presentation. II
finance-and leave the actual invest
ing to outside specialists."
Moreover, she points out that there
are some 4,000 investment manage Call Ext. 69141
ment firms specializing in a particular With the growing importance of finan ors is ready to help you understand the
market or strategy. "Our job is to find cial planning, more and more staff are Staff Retirement Plan's benefits and
the best managers. We interview 600 turning to the Pension Department options. A novel part of this service is
managers a year to hire five," she says. about their Staff Retirement Plan ben a sophisticated computer program
"At anyone time, we use about 20 efits. To handle th~se requests, a spe that calculates and projects pensions
outside managers, and we keep an cial phone connection-Ext. 69141 and other benefits under a wide range
active roster of 100. We also invest in has been set up as the number to call of assumptions of your choice-such
smaller partnerships dealing in real for pension information. You can call as possible termination dates. All in
estate, venture capital and special sit this number just to ask a question or quiries are held in strictest confidence.
uations, where there is a higher risk to arrange for an individual counsel More about the Staff Retirement
and less liquidity. Every outside man ing session. Plan will be featured in a forthcoming
ager is evaluated strictly on perfor A trained team of pension counsel- issue of The Bank's World. III
mance and we can hire and terminate
them promptly. The average 'shelflife'
6 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
Bank Pioneer Retires
Mary Rukavina Made a Difference
by Marjorie Messiter
sense of excitement about what the
Bank was doing. We were going to
straighten out the world. Maybe we
didn't, but we thought we could."
"I remember the excitement about
the first loan to France," Miss Ruka
vina reminisced in her office a few days
later. "It took a long time, but it got
through. And talk about efficiency. It
was there. We knew everyone and
could get things done quickly. We
didn't need forms.
"Ofcourse, the Bank was a new
experience for all of us, and people
tried hard to make it work. Every
What did she say? Mary Rukavina with Vice Presidents Willi A. Wapenhans (center) and Martijn body had his or her own cultural ideas
J.W.M. Paijmans. Photo by Michele lannacci about how an office should be run.
That took getting used to on every
one's part."
B astille Day, July 14, 1947, Mary
M. Rukavina, formerly with the
U.S. Government's Office of Rubber
Lillian Cardash painted an autumn
scene in oil for her friend because
"Mary loves stilllifes and scenery."
Miss Rukavina was born in Pitts
burgh, Pennsylvania. Her parents had
emigrated to the United States from
Reserve, came to work as a Secretary Lynn Hunger made her a black satin Austria-Hungary, now Yugoslavia.
in the Loan Department. At that time, "opera" goose decked in pearls and The children in the Rukavina house
the Bank had 322 employees housed, rhinestones, for Miss Rukavina loves hold were tutored in Serbo-Croatian
along with the Fund, the Joint Li music, too, especially opera. and brought up going to symphonies,
brary, and the U .S. Department of And they brought back friends and ballets and concerts. Music became
State, in the A building. The telephone former colleagues long retired. S. Ray part of her life, "like second nature,"
directory was a scant two pages. mond Cope, who was Director of the she said.
As far as public opinion was con Department of Operations, Europe,
cerned, "no one thought the Bank Africa and Australasia, later Director Economic Mission to Yugoslavia
would take hold," Miss Rukavina of the Europe and Middle East De Because of her language skills, Miss
said. "It was a gamble, and only the partment, and for whom Miss Ruka Rukavina was assigned to an econom
people here thought it would work." vina worked for 14 years, said what ic mission to Yugoslavia in 1949.
Thirty-eight years and five months everybody who worked with her said, "There was a lot of devastation. For
later, Miss Rukavina's friends were "She's a marvelous person. I don't that matter, there was devastation
certain the institution would collapse know how I would have survived with throughout Europe," she recalled.
December 15, 1985-the day she re out her." "The country had been through the
tired. And so, at her farewell party in Mr. Lari told the gathering he was World War and a civil war and was
November, they gave her a white hard hoping the arithmetic was wrong; it really torn up. It wasn't unusual to see
hat for protection from falling debris. wasn't possible she had worked that people without a leg or an arm."
But that wasn't all. No detail of her long. Miss Rukavina had become his A year later she was back in Yu
life was overlooked. Barbara Parr put "trusted adviser and friend-an advo goslavia accompanying Bank Presi
together a memoir of those 38 years, cate of fairness and understanding of dent and Mrs. Eugene Black on a visit
and Eugenio Lari, Director of the staff and their problems," he said. to Yugoslavia and West Germany fol I
EMENA Country Programs Depart In the early days the Bank was "an lowing the Annual Meeting in Paris.
ment I where Miss Rukavina worked intimate place," remembered friend She went along as a translator and
for the last 12 years as an Administra Helen Paulson, former Chief of the "did whatever I could. On the eco
tive Assistant, gave a warm tribute. External Debt Division. "We had a nomic mission we had a lot of paper-
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 7
work. With Mr. Black, it was a differ said that as the institution grows larg world seems to be falling apart. And I
ent type of work. But you had to be er it is more difficult to keep the per don't think this is something that can
alert and informed all the time. If you sonal touch, but she thought people be taught. It all comes back to people.
made a mistake, that was it. He had to still come to the Bank, as they did in It's the people who make the institu
be briefed on the train or plane about the early days, because they believe tion work-all of them."
each country because he was always they can make a difference. "We may How does she feel about leaving?
being met by the press. not realize it as much because of the "I'm not the least bit worried about
"I met many political leaders, and I numbers, but I think people do feel how I'll spend my time. I plan to stay
remember being introduced to Mar they can have an impact. They don't in Washington, do some traveling, and
shal Tito. The Rukavina name is a change that much. I'll probably take courses for my own
well-known one in Yugoslavia, and he, "I think the Bank's great achieve enjoyment about music and art histo
too, knew the family name." ment is that each day we are able to ry. And maybe I'll get involved in
Talking again about the Bank, she organize and work together while the some community activities." II
Revisiting the Housing Specialist
ore than 5,000 Bank staff have Mrs. Gargour's office is packed bility for whether or not people are
M sought Nevine Gargour's ad
vice over the last three years. She has
with information to help staff. There
are New Home Guides, Apartment
compatible. "If they are interested in
sharing, I'll give them some names of
helped people buy, sell and rent Directories and plenty of other litera others who want to share, but I won't
homes, even share homes. Share? ture for the prospective home buyer or interview them about whether or not
"Nowadays housing is so expensive," renter. Mrs. Gargour can also help they like loud music or pets. That
she says, "it's a good way to improve with short-term arrangements. A fam part's entirely up to the individuals."
the quality of accommodation you ily going off for an extended home She does matchmake when it comes
can afford, especially for young peo leave might want to rent their Wash to recommending agents to Bank
ple just starting out." ington home for a couple of months staff. When a staff member is seeking
The Bank opened a Housing Office and a consultant coming into town at to buy or sell, Mrs. Gargour has, as
more than three years ago as a service that time may be delighted to find a she says, "all the right contacts," and
to staff. Priority is given to newcom short-term rental, especially ifhe or takes pride in finding the perfect
ers, but all staff are welcome to con she is bringing a family along too. match-the best agent to handle the
sult Mrs. Gargour, who is associated arrangements. She knows who is the
with Coldwell Banker, one of the larg Renting a Room specialist in a certain area, and who
est realtors in the Washington area. Another couple may find their big deals in houses or condominiums in a
She does not act as an agent but as a house rather empty once the children particular price range or who is most
counselor, providing professional ad have grown up and left. If they would knowledgeable about a particular type
vice to staff members on housing op like to consider renting a room or of property.
tions in the Washington area and as two, Mrs. Gargour knows of staff
sisting them in locating housing to who would be delighted to find such Financing a Property
meet their individual needs. She refers accommodation, especially newcom Mrs. Gargour is also expert at ad
staff to an agent when appropriate, ers who do not know the area and are vising staff about various aspects of
although not necessarily an agent as not yet ready to settle into an apart financing a property, even counseling
sociated with Coldwell Banker. ment of their own. on appropriate price ranges according
Other people group together to to one's salary-should you seek such
Office Has Moved share the rental on a house or apart guidance. But she does not involve
An article about the service ap ment. "It makes financial sense, espe herself in legal or tax matters, even
peared in the January 1984 issue of cially for singles, and has the added when they are property related.
The Bank's World. Since then, the of benefit of helping prevent loneliness in If you want to buy or sell, or rent
fice has moved to the S building, and a big city; a good way to meet more for a long or short term, or even if you
the extension is now 3-3288, but the people," says Mrs. Gargour, who would like to rent out a room or find
hours remain the same-Tuesdays adds, jokingly, that she does not act as one to move into, Mrs. Gargour can
through Fridays, 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. "matchmaker." She takes no responsi probably help you. II
8 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
After convincing the pilot of the Hercules aircraft to make a pass over the railroad car and then finding a driver and his camel nearby, Aurea
Irene Singh was able to shoot this photograph in the western Sudan. The juxtaposition of modern and old conveyances in the fight against hunger
in that country makes a dramatic picture. Photos by Aurea Irene Singh
The Drought in Sudan: Looking at It
hrough a Wide-Angled Lens
by Aurea Irene Singh
(Editor's note: The author is the wife But I can't give up. The idea has Before he leaves, he asks, "Would
ofJasdip Singh, the Bank's Resident been on my mind for a while and the you take a picture with my camera?"
Representative in Sudan. Mrs. Singh Emergency Airbridge is coming to an "With pleasure," I reply, "but you will
does free-lance photography for the Eu end. The train station is within walk have to fly over twice."
ropean Community Emergency Team. ing distance from the Nyala airport As I wait I see, like a mirage in the
In this article she tells about her expe and the captain has half an hour be distance, a camel. In the heat of the
riences in Sudan during the drought fore he returns to Khartoum. early afternoon and with my heavy
when the ECfielded an emergency team I decide to show him some of the bag, I run as fast as I can trying to
which did most ofits work around Dar previous pictures I have taken. He remember the words in Arabic for
fur. The ECET set up an airbridge from looks at them and agrees to come with "come here and please wait a mo
Khartoum to Nyala, el Fasher and el me to the railway station. ment." Too many words to remember.
Geneina to supply people in the area It takes us 5 minutes to walk, and As I approach him I hear myself
with essentialfoodstuffs and medical once there, I explain to him exactly shouting, "Isma! Minfudlock, intajiib
supplies. Some ofthe dramatic photo what I want. He surveys the area humaar gatar."
graphs Mrs. Singh shot accompany the calmly. "All right," he says, after a The camel driver looks at me as if I
story.) long pause, "but are you sure no one am a completely crazy "khawaaja"
will complain?" I assure him no one (foreigner or stranger). I realize I have
I ask Captain Lind ifit is possible to
fly his Hercules over the train, low
will. "They are used to it by now," I
answer. "The airbridge has been going
just said, "Listen, please you bring
donkey engine."
enough so I could get a good picture. on since May, and the sensitive camels Out of breath and listening to the
He looks at me bewildered and an now only open their mouths at the roaring sound of the plane taking off,
swers, "No way, lady." sound of the engines." I start again. This time instead of
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 9
"humaar," I say, "fill," pointing to the where the food is distributed by camel ren come out of their huts to see the
camel and to the train. He smiles and train to the nearest areas. "khawaaja" on camel, and they laugh
says, "Jamal, jamal, no fill, Mumkin!" I decide to take the camel train hysterically when I greet them. As we
("Camel, camel, not elephant, can which will leave el Geneina for Beida leave the town, it is peaceful and quiet.
do!") "Aiwa, aiwa,jamal," I say, and at 4 p.m. In the marketplace, where I only hear the leaders of the camel
we run together toward the train in the camels have rested during the day, packs converse with each other occa
time to get my camera ready. the leaders are getting ready to load sionally. I want to know what they
This trip is one of many I have made them with food. say. We have reached the dirt road,
to Darfur, one of the worst hit drought Through the interpreter, I talk to and there a car awaits to take me back
areas in the western part of the Sudan. the camel leader, and he agrees to take to el Geneina where I will spend the
One month after my husband and I me to a point where there should be a night.
arrived in Khartoum, the European car waiting for me. The leader believes The waters under the Bailey Bridge
Community Emergency Team offered it is not a good idea for me to travel in the city of el Geneina have almost
me ajob as official photographer. I so far, especially when he hears that dried. "You should have seen it two
started immediately with much enthu the only time I went on a camel was in months ago," Aidan, my guide, tells
siasm, as my idea was to travel as the Delhi zoo. "It takes four to five me as we cross it on our way to the
much as I could during our years in days sometimes, and although this trip Asernai camp.
the Sudan. is shorter, you will not be able to do
Due to the floods and the soft it," he says. Bridge Washed Away
ground, it is impossible for trucks or As soon as I climb on the camel "One morning in July we woke up
any vehicle to get through to the areas with its four sacks of food I am con to find the bridge washed away in a
where the emergency food and medi vinced he is probably right. violent torrent. You can imagine what
cine are being distributed. From It is a slow, swinging trip. We pass a catastrophe it was for the 25,000
Khartoum, the airplanes fly daily to el fields of grown millet, which shine refugees at Asernai camp," he contin
Geneina, el Fasher, and Nyala from against the setting sun, and the child- ues. "The planes brought the parts for
the new bridge, and it was ready in no
time."
On the way, we have to stop several
times as the wheels of the car are
completely submerged in sand. Aidan
and the little boy who serves as his
helper patiently dig out the four-wheel
drive vehicle, and we continue our
trip. "Where does the boy come
from?" I ask Aidan. "I don't know,"
he answers. "One day he followed me
to my house, I gave him some food
and ever since he does not leave me."
After a two-hour drive, we see As
ernai camp in the distance. The houses
where the doctors and nurses live are
made of straw. They have cone
shaped roofs. Although it is still early
in the morning, I see lines of women,
children and men on their way to the
food distribution center, to the hospi
tal or to fetch water from pipes strate
gically placed around the camp. Hun
ger is unknown to me, and the sight of
children with their bowls filled with
lentils reminds me of those who have
died in the drought. These children
will probably live through this experi
ence never to forget it. I know I will
The hungry await the camel trains. never forget what I have seen. II
10 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
Africa: The World's Greatest
Development Challe. nge
Ernest Stern
Ernest Stern. Senior Vice President, Operations, spoke to the With regard to public sector management, fiscal deficits
Development Assistance Committee in Paris in December. in Sub-Saharan Africa are at the lowest levels since 1980.
Here are excerpts from his remarks about DA C's Agenda Tn the parapublic sector, the first steps at divestiture are
Item 3 on Operational Lessonsfor Programming and Coor occurring (during 1980-84, roughly 5% of public enterpris
dination: es have been divested or closed), and governments have
strengthened monitoring and improved parastatal policies.
A frican governments have demonstrated an increasing
willingness to undertake difficult structural and sector
al policy and institutional measures. There is a realization
Since 1984, some 16 donors have made generous contri
butions to the Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa. We
now have about $1.3 biIJion. not counting the contributions
that the exchange rate must be seen as a policy instrument of some special joint cofinanciers for the second and third
to promote development. African countries. on the whole, years.
have stayed the real effective appreciation observed in the As of November 30, seven projects in four countries
1970s. In 1984, six countries managed real devaluation in Ghana, Togo, Zaire, Zambia-had been approved, totaling
excess of 10%, and several have shown that it is possible to about $200 million. There also have been some actions by
engineer substantial real depreciations and gradually rees bilateral donors to increase the flexibility of their programs
tablish viable levels. Zaire and Zambia have adopted inno and the responsiveness of the special needs of Sub-Saharan
vative, market-determined exchange allocation systems. Africa.
There is also growing recognition of the need to increase
incentives to the agricultural sector, often at the expense of Larger Share of Non-Project Assistance
the urban elite and civil servants. In most African countries, The composition of aid has improved by including a
the real value of producer incentives has been maintained larger share of non-project assistance, and debt reschedul
in the 1980s, which has meant that rural incomes have ing agreements are increasingly generous and flexible.
increased relative to urban incomes. In Madagascar, But more needs to be done. For example, in Ghana about
Ghana, and Zaire, market or producer prices of food and three-fourths of such program aid continues to come from
export crops have increased much faster than urban wages. multilateral donors. Additional support is needed in the
While there is a long way to go to restore agricultural volume of program aid by more donors, and, in many cases,
incentives, including improved institutions, research, infra program aid continues to be provided on a haphazard
structure and technology, the general deterioration wit basis-I.e., without a meaningful planning horizon for re
nessed during the 1970s is being arrested in more and more cipients.
countries, and preliminary indications for 1985 are that the Despite this progress, we have left much undone. The
process is accelerating. major burden rests on (the African governments), and the
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 11
task is excruciatingly difficult since it involves dealing with the DAC, a nd any request for an increase in aid resources
needs for adjustment accumulated over two decades, in the must be based on a reasonable assurance that aid resources
face of still weak institutions, fragile political systems and will be, can be, utilized effectively.
major long-term developmen t problems. The external envi (a) There must be more effective country programs.
ronment has also been particularly hostile fo r Africa. Development plans must include realistic three-year in
One of the points (made at the Annual Meetings) in Seoul vestment programs, realistic assumptions about recurrent
was that growth-oriented adjustment required net addition expenditures and revenues, and an appropriate balance
al external capital. One of the lessons of the past 25 years between maintenance and new investments. That is the
ofdevelopment is that money helps. It does not solve all country's responsibility, but donors o ught to insist that this
problems, and it can be misused. But few countries have criterion be met. We in The World Bank, the United
been able to mount effective programs ofdevelopment if Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and bilateral
their domestic savings efforts are not supplemented by donors can help to formulate these programs.
external savings. And, yet, we continue to ignore this basic (b) Effective use of aid also requires longer term commit
proposition in the hope that it is easier to change this ments by donors.
relationship rather than national aid budgets. I do not (c) Effective use of aid means more discipline in support
believe this is possible. of agreed investment programs. Whether it is railways in
Over the period 1980-84, net ODA (Official Development Burkina Faso, sugar mills in Burundi, or iron mines in
Assistance) flows to Sub-Saharan Africa increased by about Senegal, there is constant pressure on countries to under
5%, not enough to offset the decline in non-concessional take projects which are not suitable. Some projects may be
assistance. The drop in net flows was most dramatic in sound, but to undertake them today would be premature
middle-income countries, but netflows also declined by over given the reductions in investment programs which have
10% in low-income countries. This simply cannot be con taken place and the well-known problems of recurrent costs
sistent with greater efforts of adjustment and accelerated and idle capacity.
growth. It reflects the interaction between debt repayments (d) To assure more effective use of aid there needs to be
and stagnant or declining aid budgets. But it leads me to more effective discipline in balance-of-payments support.
two basic propositions: While it is essential to increase the flow of vital imports for
the public and private sectors, program aid should be based
on a critical assessment ofreal needs, and both commit
Aid Budgets Must Increase
ments and disbursements should be closely linked to imple
First, no provider ofdevelopment assistance-ind ividual mentation of agreed adjustment measures. We should work
country or multilateral institution- should be allowed to be toward multi-year projections of needs, multi-year commit
in a net negative disbursement situation to any Sub-Saharan ments of non-project assistance and appropriately phased
Africa country with a satisfactory development program. disbursements based on rigorous monitoring by multilater
Whether this is done through retroactive terms adjustment, al institutions of the adjustment process.
rescheduling or increases in gross commitments on conces (e) Effective use of aid requires explicit recognition of
sional terms could be left to each donor, depending on the good performance. As we stress the need for developing
circumstances. countries to establish clear priorities within a constrained
Second, aid budgets must increase if African growth environment, so we must urge ourselves to establish prior
prospects are to improve. ities in the allocation of aid which reflect performance. That
Just as an increase in net commercial bank lending is vital" is the best way to assure the effectiveness ofaid.
to the growth of the heavily indebted middle-income coun The issue of coordination has also been the subject of
tries so is a net increase in financing from official sources to many discussions in the DAC. We still need to do more
the growth of the low-income countries. We continue to (though) to make Consultative Groups and Round Tables
believe that a 50% increase in gross disbursements in fully effective; we need to deepen and extend collaboration
1986--90 over the 1980-84 period is essential. A first step among the Bank, the Fund, the UNDP and the regional
surely is to maintain recent aid levels-although the development banks. We also need to improve intra-govern
drought is now over, the crisis in Mricais not. mental coordination in DAC countries, and, finally, the
Effectiveness of aid has been a major preoccupation of coordination effort must be extended to other donors. II
12 THE BANK 'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
Africa's Environmental Challenges
and The World Bank's Response
Edward V.K. Jaycox
Edward V.K. Jaycox, Vice President , Eastern and S outhern mental support system is breaking down, and will certainly
Africa Region, recently delivered a speech at the Conference break down under tomorrow's population densities unless
on "Ecology--Environment in Africa" he/din Antanarivo. the causes are recognized and dealt with right away.
Madagascar. Mr. Jaycox discussed "Africa's Environmental While the recent drought conditions have riveted atten
Challenges and The World Bank's Response. " Here are tion on Africa's problems. the breakdown I am talking
excerptsfrom his remarks: about is attributable to trends that are well established.
having persisted over a long term- namely rapid popula
T hroughout Africa the physical environment is being
degraded at an unprecedented rate. We are facing
ecological deterioration which is severely undermining Af
tion growth and agricultural policies that, in eifect, promote
environmental abuse.
I want to bring the ecological issues we are facing and
rica's economic future. Tills deterioration must be reversed . discussing these days squarely into the mainstream of the
The magnitude of Mrica's environmental crisis shows issues facing Africa, where they belong. This emphasis, this
clearly that we have a disaster on our hands. concern for the African environment, is not a separate issue,
Africa's present population growth of over 3 % a year is not a fad or an issue that is captive to certain interests or
the fastest of any continen t, and if this growth rate persists, pressure groups and not amenable to a separate special or
its population will reach 1.2 billion by the year 2000, up heroic effort. It is there at the center of those interrelated
from just over 550 million today. issues which derive from an inadequate policy environment.
Already, traditional Mrican farming practices are no
longer sustainable. Due to population pressures, we can no Agriculture Is Key to Environmental Crisis
longer depend on adequate fanow periods to restore soil The need for wise policy and action on the'population
productivity. Cultivation and grazing are being pushed into frorit is obvious. I will not dwell on this today, even though
marginal lands and forests. In many countries, forest cover it is of critical importance, and the realization ofits impor
is being stripped away with severe, adverse impact on soil tance has dawned slowly on Africa-much too slowly. In
fertility, household fuel supplies~ watershed protection 1975, there were only two cou ntries in Sub-Saharan Africa
some even claim on the level of rainfall itself. with family planning programs; today, there are only 13.
Africa's forests have been cut in half during this century, Very few African countries have adopted comprehensive
and the rate of destruction is accelerating. I remember as a population programs, and many of the existing programs
student hitchhiking across Africa. One of my most vivid are limping badly.
memories was of the thickly forested areas of Ethiopia. I Unchecked population growth will surely ruin the ecolo
returned to those same areas in 1984-some 20 years later gy of Africa-but we know that the environment will
and they are gone. The forests have literally vanished inless eventually take its revenge through desertification, drought,
than a generation. This is happening all over Africa, and it famine and high rates of human mortality.
must be stopped. If we project this accelerating trend~ we r would like to emphasize today what I believe is obvious:
will find, at the end of the road, desertification which is, in Mrican agriculture is key to the environmental crisis and to
essence, biological death. its solution.
The simple fact is that the stable and life-sustaining For too long now, Africa has been "milking" agriculture
relationship between the people of Africa and their environ- to finance premature industrial and prestige projects. For
THE BANK'S WORLD / JANUARY 1986 13
too long, low priority has been given to investment in ments will have to make a commitment to make sustainable
modernizing peasant agriculture. For too long, African agricultural development their top priority. Once that has
countries have been pursuing price policies which favor the been clearly established, we see an urgent need, on a country
urban populations but which, in fact. discourage intensive by country basis, to articulate sound policies for the agri
land husbandry~iscourage investment in the land by cultural sector and environmental protection-and rejuve
farmers and pastoralists alike and in general prohibit mod nation. We see the need for sound. sustainable strategies
ernization of the peasant agricultural sector. The neglect of covering such subjects as agricultural and environmental
peasant agriculture has been passed on by the farmers to investment, research, extension, soil conservation, land use
their land-where the toll is taken- the consumption of planning, agricultural credit, marketing and agricultural
their God-given endowment. pricing increase. The strategies should incorporate ade
Producer prices have been typically set by governments quate incentives, minimal red tape, willingness to innovate
at levels which discourage the use of inputs. such as quality and, in general. create a productive environment which
seeds and fertilizer, even though these inputs are often sold encourages sustainable development and ecological protec
at subsidized prices which are unsustainable in themselves tion.
and limit the use of these factors of production by the extent
Mobilize Additional Support
of affordable subsidies.
Marketing arrangements, often of a monopolistic na It is within this framework of government encouragement
ture-marketing organizations that have come to resemble for a flourishing fanner community that we are willing to
employment programs-are regularly of such inefficient guarantee our support, both technically and financially, and
nature that producer incomes are further depressed. far beyond our own resources to mobilize additional sup
Smallholder investment in agriculture and agricultural port from other donors.
services has been discouraged by the lack of profitability of Our financial support is available for pilot projects where
agriculture. Public investment in research, extension, infra technical innovations still have to be tried out, for full scale
structure, credit institutions, and the like have been inade research programs which are of high priority to assure
quate and relegated to a relatively low priority compared to continuity of technical packages becoming available, for
other sectors of the economy. extension systems to ensure rapid dissemination of research
Farmers have been retreating into a subsistence mode, breakthroughs to the farmer, for credit projects to provide
and have been forced to abandon investment. and thereby the farmer with much needed short-term and medium-term
to, in effect, mine their land in order to survive. financial backing, and, of course, for a full range of pro
II
II grams which are directly aimed at reversing ecological
Day of Reckoning degradation like reforestation, conservation and land-use
What the environmental crisis is teJIing African policy efforts, forest management schemes and rural wood plant
makers is that they are not going to get away with this. ing programs. Finally, we are also supporting major policy
Their policies are forcing fanners to consume their equity, reforms of a sectoral or economy-wide nature through a
their capital-the land, and the day of reckoning is surely series of quick-disbursing cash-injection loans and credits
coming. The establishment of policies and incentives that for which reforms of the nature I have been describing
encourage environmentally rational behavior throughout would certainly be eligible.
national economies is required if the environment is to be I want to make it clear that we in the Bank are willing
protected and the economic potential of Africa is to be and enthusiastic to support financial1y all good ideas in
sustained and realized. modernizing agriculture and protecting or repairing the
• • • environment if governments are pursuing the correct prior
ities and have reasonable adjustment programs in place. But
What is The World Bank response to the issues facing us the key to success is the people themselves, not massive
and under what circumstances are we willing to assist Africa public sector interventions which are not sustainable. What
in its efforts to stop the destruction of its environmental is sustainable over the long run is the adoption of policy
resources? packages which will get the people themselves involved in
First of all, we cannot swim against the tide. Govem the land once again. II
14 THE BANK·S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
International Program Is Eradicating River Blindness
na
Life Returns to West African Savan,
by Leandro V. Coronel
he dreaded blackfly used to drive
T the people away in droves. They
fled the fertile river valleys of the West
African savanna to escape the blackfly
that transmitted onchocerciasis, a dis
ease that had been causing widespread
blindness in the region. The exodus
had left the communities abandoned
and the land unproductive.
But not anymore. The people are
migrating back to the abandoned
lands. New villages are sprouting.
And agriculture has begun again on
the land now rendered safe for reset
tlement.
In a showcase of cooperation, the Healthy villagers from a new village near the Leraba River in Ivory Coast. Resettlement of the area
governments of seven nations in West has been possible because of the success of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme.
Photo by World Health Organization
Africa and the international develop
ment community banded together in opment Programme, the World dorsed a plan of operation and a fund
1974 to establish the Onchocerciasis Health Organization, and The World ing agreement for a third phase to
Control Programme. Its mission: Bank sponsor the Onchocerciasis extend the eradication campaign
eradicate the blackfly. Today, 90% of Control Programme. WHO is the ex westward into Guinea, Guinea-Bis
the area the Programme covers is safe. ecuting agency, and the Bank admin sau, Sierra Leone, Senegal and west
And, a new generation of nearly 3.5 isters a trust fund made up of grants ern Mali, and to the south to Togo,
million children, born since the oper from 20 donor nations and institu Benin and Ghana. Estimated to cost
ation began, is growing up without the tions. The Bank is also responsible for $133 million, this phase will cover
risk of contracting onchocerciasis. raising funds for the Programme, more than 2-1/2 times the length of
which has its headquarters in Ouaga river valleys the second phase covered.
Debilitating Disease dougou, Burkina Faso. At a meeting last October, virtually
Onchocerciasis, also known as river Research is going on to find an all the donors agreed to maintain or
blindness, is a debilitating disease effective drug to treat victims or pre increase their contributions at the lev
caused by a threadlike parasitic worm. vent the disease. For now, its spread is els provided for the second phase. The
It is passed to human beings by the being controlled by destroying the lar World Bank, which had already con
bite of a female blackfly which needs vae of the blackfly by spraying insec tributed $18.5 million to the Pro
blood to develop its eggs. The adult ticides on hundreds of breeding places gramme, announced it will contribute
worms develop in nodules under the in fast-flowing rivers. The eradication $13 million for the third phase
human skin and produce microscopic campaign, organized in six-year pha (1986-91), about 10% of the total
worms that travel through the skin ses, ran from 1974 to 1979 and from cost.
and other organs. When they reach 1980 to 1985. The first phase received The Onchocerciasis Control Pro
the eyes they cause blindness. a funding of$53.8 million; the second, gramme is one of the Bank's most
In 1974 about 30 million people about $108 million. effective cofinancing operations. Each
throughout the world suffered from The Programme has covered an dollar the Bank contributes generates
the disease. Most of those affected area that is about 1-1/2 times the size at least $9 from other donors.
lived in West Africa, particularly in of France and where about 17 million And, more important, is the fact
Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory people live. Transmission of the dis that people who had been driven away
Coast, Mali, Niger, and Togo in the ease has now been stopped in 90% of by the blackfly are reestablishing
Volta River basin. this area, and parasites that still exist communities and becoming produc t .
The United Nations Food and Agri are reaching the end of their life span. tive once more. The future is brighter
culture Organization, the U.N. Devel- The Programme's donors have en- for the next generation. II
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 15
Bank, Government Officials Evaluate a Decade of Lending
· f
Taking Stock of Urban Development
by Marjorie Messiter
"That doesn't mean giving up on
I n the 20th century the world's pop
ulation made the transition from
Anthony Churchill, Director of the
Water Supply and Urban Develop projects, but they should be used as a
vehicle. Urban development is a mac
rural to urban living. City dwellers ment Department (WUD), summed
accounted for less than 5% of the up his view this way: "Tomorrow's ro issue and cannot be dealt with ex
population in 1900, but by the year cities are here today, but in the Bank, clusively on a project basis.
2000 two out of three people will live and in developing countries, the scale "We feel poverty alleviation and
in urban areas. And further massive of the urbanization problem is not targeting are very sensitive issues and
urban growth is inevitable. The only adequately recognized, nor is the proj easy to lose sight of. We have to con
question is, can it be managed? Or, ect approach adequate to the task. stantly remind ourselves whether the
will cities be ungovernable, with sewer "Urban growth is the result of needs of the poor have been ad
pipes breaking, garbage left uncollect strong underlying political, economic dressed."
ed, and children feeding out of dust and social factors and cannot be President A.W. Clausen launched
bins? stopped. Either you deal with it, or it the discussion with a welcoming
By 2000, there will be 20 megalopo will deal with you," he warned. "There speech, and Vice Presidents Edward
lises in the developing world with is so much waste and inefficiency in YK. Jaycox and S. Shahid Husain,
more than 20 million inhabitants, and city management that enormous gains and Mr. Churchill spoke during the
most of them will be poor. Such for relatively low cost are possible." week. Otherwise, the guests led the
growth is assured mainly because the panel discussions and workshops.
Decide What to Manage They looked critically at their own
birth rate is increasing among people
already living in cities. Rural migra "The first thing a city manager has and the Bank's performance covering
tion is a still a factor in the boom but to decide is what he wants to manage. some difficult and common problems
is outweighed by this built-in growth. We put effort into building shelter for including cost recovery, institution
Ten years after the Bank first an the few, yet the evidence suggests peo building, and land management.
nounced it was expanding its urban ple do a good job of providing shelter Borrowers did not always agree
development programs to developing for themselves. What they cannot pro with the Bank's definition of efficient
countries, the Water Supply and Ur vide for themselves is the land and the city management. And, in turn, they
ban Development Department invited services-schools, clinics, water sup called for streamlining Bank proce
representatives of 100 borrowing ply, sewerage, garbage collection and dures, citing delays in project imple
countries-ministers, mayors, heads transportation. mentation which contribute to cost
of housing agencies-and other donor "City managers should concentrate increases. International bidding, they
organizations to come to Washington on what the public sector can do best," said, also discriminates against emer
one wintry week in December for a he said. gent local contractors who are unable
stocktaking session. Speaking for the developing coun to compete against international cor
tries, K.C. Sivaramakrishnan, Direc porations.
More than $3.8 Billion tor of India's Ganga Authority, said:
The Bank has invested more than "We thought through sites and ser Full-Cost Recovery
$3.8 billion in 100 projects covering vices projects it was possible to get to The Bank's position on full-cost re
sites and services, urban transport, the heart of the problem. But we covery is that it is not an option but is
training and urban management. Yet, learned that the heart was much essential to generating new funds for
most efforts, especially those to pro more, and we needed an integrated investment. Unless costs can be recov
vide housing for low-income people, approach. The consensus of member ered, projects cannot be replicated on
have helped only a fraction of the countries is that we want shelter proj a large enough scale to meet the needs
masses of urban poor, and often have ects, but we want a wider focus in the of the urban poor.
ended up benefiting higher-income context of the sector. We also want The borrowers argued that this ob
groups. assistance for the transportation sec jective is always difficult to achieve,
The question before the partici tor-for operations and policies-not especially in shelter projects, and such
pants was: Are our priorities right? just procurement. attempts will inevitably limit the be
16 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
neficiaries to middle-income groups. Borrowers accepted the criticism private sector can undertake much
Some borrowers suggested the solu that inefficient land markets and inad more easily, he said.
tion may lie in a more integrated ap equate land management are major Colonel A.A. Fernando, Assistant
proach to municipal administration bottlenecks to housing the poor. General Manager, National Housing
that would allow for cross-subsidiza "There is no shortage of land," said Authority, Philippines, said his gov
tion of projects. Affordable design John Mbogua, Kenya's Permanent ernment is trying to bring the private
standards and greater community par Secretary, Ministry of Local Govern sector into low-income housing. They
ticipation in project design and imple ment, and Co-Chairman of the meet have learned from the Tondo projects
mentation would go a long way to ing, but acquisition of premium land that if ownership is assured, people
increasing cost recovery, they con by government is costly in both time will invest in their own housing. In the
tended. and money. Readily available margin future, the government hopes to leave
alland is usually far away from where sites and services projects to the pri
High Priority the jobs are. vate sector entirely and concentrate on
Borrowers put high priority on in Does any government have a policy reaching even lower income levels.
stitution building, training and trans for facilitating land acquisition by
fer of know-how among developing low-income groups near employment More Flexible Operations
countries. They argued that the areas? A representative from Ethio At the end of the week's discus
Bank's response to inadequate institu pia, citing the importance ofland ac sions, Mr. Paskaralingam said the ex
tional capacity~stablishing project quisition in the cost equation, asked ercise had thrown light on inefficient
management units-is, more often this question. basic issues which hinder progress and
than not, counterproductive. The should result in smoother, more flexi
units are not integrated into a minis Government Planning ble operations. The participants
try's administrative structure, and The answer, said a Kenyan official, reached a consensus on the need to
staff of these elite units, who are paid lies in government planning and set improve their financial and adminis
higher salaries than other civil serv ting aside cheap land for the poor. But trative structures. The Bank's techni
ants, often opt to work abroad rather this approach is difficult. His govern cal assistance was "most welcome,"
than return to their former jobs. Thus, ment had to contend with lengthy but Bank procedures need to be
the skills they acquire are lost to the court proceedings when trying to ac streamlined and more flexible.
government once a project ends. The quire land. R. Paskaralingam, Secre What participants seemed to appre
Bank should aim at upgrading total tary, Ministry of Local Government, ciate most was the opportunity to talk
institutional capacity, use more local Housing and Construction in Sri Lan shop with each other. "I'm very glad I
experts and entrepreneurs, and ka, and Co-Chairman of the meeting, am here," said one official, "mainly
project-related training should be seen said his country has a compulsory for the chance to learn how my coun
within the context of overall policy land acquisition program, but consol terparts are dealing with these issues.
training. The Bank should also focus idating the land is difficult especially if When I go home, I can say that's not
more attention on what EDI can do in the government is doing the consol how they said it should be done in
this area. idating. Consolidating is a task the Washington." III
u~me~ ________________ ~
Audio Teleconferencing equipment. Questions may be referred to the Chief, Confer
In order to provide fast, efficient and cost-effective com ence Services Section. Support Services Division. ADM .
munications among Headquarters, Field Offices and
clients, facilities are being provided to permit staff to For Your Information
communicate via audio teleconferencing when telephone Administrative Circulars were distributed desk-to-desk
conference calling is not adeq uate. Audio teleconferencing when there was timely information to be sent to staff-staff
means communicating via telephone lines, using portable announcements, one-time brief reminders of policy, film
microphones and loudspeakers, strategically placed in cer showings, and so forth . On January 2, Administrative
tain designated conference rooms. It allows parties in aU Circulars were replaced by "For Your Information." FYIs
locations to participate actively in a meeting. The Audio serve the same purpose, but the new name and design
visual Unit, Administrative Services Department, is respon prevent confusion with Administrative Manual Circulars,
sible for providing the equipment, and it can provide des which announce administrative policies and procedures and
criptive literature explaining the use and function of the are filed in the Administrative Manual.
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 17
partment and a contest organizer, re
Frame Shop Adds Luster to Pictures turns the compliment: "They did a
terrific job; I'm extremely pleased.
. l:~
Frames of Distinction Not only did they do a fine job of
framing, but they selected the nice
by Marjorie Messiter
colors of the mats, which is to say they
have good taste."
would like to add some color to He says he's got the best part of the They also framed the duplicate
Y OU
your office, but you can't decide
what would do the trick. You have
job-hanging the finished product.
"Taking work back is most enjoyable.
presidential photographs hanging in
the Archives, and mounted the photo
that batik given to you during a recent When I'm walking down the street, graphs, sketches, and letters that are
mission which, with the Administra people stop to take a look, and staff part of Archivist Bogomir Chokel's
tive Services Department's permis are pleased because they aren't expect popular historical exhibition of old
sion, you may keep for your office, ing all they get." Pennsylvania Avenue. Says Mr.
and you have that map showing your "He's our P.R. man," Mr. Lawrence Choke!: "They are very attentive and
regional country assignments. In ei volunteers. follow instructions carefully. I never
ther case, a good framing job is all have to return anything; whatever
that's needed to add the finishing Prefers Complicated Jobs comes back, I'm pleased with."
touches. "People haven't grasped what our Britt Gardhner, a member of the
The Frame Shop in the Administra capabilities are, but they're catching Art Society, says: "Tom and Taylor
tive Services Department is the logical on slowly," adds Mr. Lawrence, who take care of 90% of the hanging for
place to turn, but you don't know who prefers the more complicated jobs our exhibitions in the gallery on the
is going to do the work and you have where he can show some initiative. 12th floor of the E building. They do
qualms. Will the person care as much One of his favorite tasks was matting a really professional job." (This is not
as you do about your office "at and framing the winning entries in the ordinarily part of their job, but they
mosphere"? Transportation Department's "Think help the Art Society because of the
Meet Thomas "T" Lawrence, Tay Transportation" photo contest. "It restricted use of the gallery space.)
lor Burgess and Michael "Smiley" was a real pleasure working with Mr.
Coakley, who transform eclectic Carnemark. He just let us go ahead Complaints Are Rare
memorabilia, maps and some artwork and use our judgment." Complaints are rare, but when they
into the displays you see in our offices Curt Carnemark, Senior Transpor receive one, the trio will try to fix the
and corridors. tation Adviser in the Operations De- problem. "We try to do things the way
Says Mr. Lawrence, the shop super
visor: "The thing about this job is it's
a frame of mind. If you want to fan
tasize, you can do just that. We gather
around a picture and say 'wow, that's
nice.' We can appreciate photos since
they are for real, especially the project
type of picture. You can see the work
the Bank is doing."
The 'Jaws'
Colleague Taylor Burgess, who has
been framing pictures for 18 years,
likes working at machines such as his
favorite saw, the "jaws," which has
two giant blades for cutting metal
frames, and the joining machine.
Mr. Burgess and Mr. Lawrence are
passing along what they know to Smi
ley Coakley, the youngster in the
group, who has been working with
them for about a year. Mr. Coakley
Getting it straight: The Frame Shop staff (left to right) Taylor Burgess, Michael "Smiley" Coakley
too loves "messing around with ma and Thomas "T" Lawrence in the CGIAR offices on K Street hanging a mural they framed.
chines." Photo by Michele lannacci
18 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
they should be done, but it's the staff perspective and from the standpoint be quite time-consuming. "Even
member's decision," Mr. Lawrence that the print or map will become part though a print could be meaningless to
says. of the Bank's inventory." Thus, if the us, it means a lot to someone, and you
"We look at a picture three ways," Bank frames it, the Bank keeps it. could mess up if you rush," Mr. Law
he adds, "from the staff member's Framing is not something to be rence says. "We look at everything
point of view, from our professional rushed. Large and difficult tasks can that comes in as a nice piece of art." II
AroundtheBank~_ _ _ _ __
Helping Others sored by the Community Relations being started with the funds, provid
Office. ing a home for 15 youngsters who lost
Bank families helped others less for Various individuals and depart their families in the earthquake. Mex
tunate in many different ways last ments in the Bank initiated their own ico is also a beneficiary of the Latin
year. fund-raising efforts for certain causes, America and the Caribbean Region
The World Bank Volunteer Services particularly to aid victims of two Bankwide raffle-$6,456 to be divided
(WBVS) continued its tradition of sell major disasters. Oscar Echeverri, a equally between Mexico and Colom
ing UNICEF cards, and had record Public Health Specialist in the Popu bia.
sales of $32,972. Carla Scearce, after lation, Health and Nutrition Depart The Administrative Services De
heading UNICEF fund raising for ment, arranged for "El Tayrona," a partment had a raffle too, although
WBVS for II years, stepped down as Colombian Folkloric Dance Group, theirs was limited to their own depart
Chairperson at the end of the cam to perform at the Bank to benefit ment, which raised $1,344 for Chil
paign so that someone else could have Colombian victims of the volcano. dren's Hospital National Medical
the chance to lead the annual drive. Staff attending that event contributed Center. II
WBVS is also selling a "Put Your $413. And Rosita Estrada, a Secretary
selfin D.C." poster which was de in the Education Division of the Latin
signed by Bank spouse Craig Miller. America and Caribbean Projects De
The 24x32 inch poster is available in High Marks for Food Facilities
partment, collected almost $6,000
the WBVS office, 1-1-172, costs $6 from Bank staff. The money has been The Bank's food facilities received
rolled or $7.50 mounted, and proceeds given to a Mexican charity that cares high marks from the D.C. Health De
from its sale go to the Margaret Mc for street children, and a new house is partment in a recent check by that
Namara Memorial Fund which pro agency of cleanliness, sanitation and
vides scholarships to help women safety.
from developing countries continue to In the Main Complex, the Coffee
study in the United States. To date, Shop and E Cafeteria received 90
WBVS has raised about $50,000 for points out of a possible 100, and the
the Fund by various activities, includ D Cafeteria got 92. The H and I Caf
ing sales of its international cook eterias each rated a 98.
book, bazaars, balls, raffies and me "Because we are an international
morial donations. They hope to dou organization, we are not required to
ble that amount in 1986. have a food service license or to have
About 45% of Bank staff contribut our facilities checked by the local
ed to the 1985 United Way campaign, health authority," says Walter E.
giving $277,568, and although no dol White, Chief of the Food Services Sec
lar amount can be attached to the tion in the Administrative Services
food and clothing drive sponsored by Department. "However, we have an
the Community Relations Office, informal agreement with the D.C.
more than 10 fully loaded vans carried Health Department to check our facil
away canned food and warm clothing, ities. We think it is in our best interests
which was distributed to the needy by to comply with local health regula
Bread for the City, the D.C. Depart tions. "
ment of Human and Social Services Fred Wright, an economist in the Applied Tech Mr. White notes that the Bank's .:
nology Unit, Water Supply and Urban Develop
and the Rev. John Steinbruck of Luth ment Department, claims he was madly search
eating facilities have won numerous
er Place Memorial Church. ing for his own ticket to put on top. But really awards from the Health Department,
There were 4,000 Christmas gifts he was stirring up the tickets, making sure and scores in the latest inspection are :t ~
everything was fair and square for the United
given to patients at St. Elizabeths by Way drawing last month.
in line with scores achieved in the
Bank staff-an activity also spon Photo by Giuseppe Franchini past. II
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 19
Senior Staff Appointments
.
"fM1
; LUIS DE AZCARATE, a French na
;-1
tional, has been appointed Chief of the
Resident Mission, Pakistan, effective
January 1. Mr. de Azcarate joined the
Bank in 1967 as an Economist in the
Africa Department. In 1970 he was
VINOD DUBEY, an Indian national,
has been appointed Director, Country
Policy Department, effective January
1. Mr. Dubey joined the Bank in 1965
as an Economist in the Economics
Department, and in 1968 he trans
71
appointed Resident Representative in ferred to the Creditworthiness Studies
Zaire and returned to Headquarters in Unit. In 1970 was assigned as an
1973 as Senior Economist, Western Economist and later Senior Econo
Africa Country Programs I. He was mist, Europe, Middle East and North
promoted to Chief Economist, Western Africa Regional Africa Department, where he became Chief Economist in
Office, in 1974. In June 1983 he transferred as Division 1975. In January 1984 he was appointed Senior Adviser,
Chief, Bank Assistance Policy, Country Policy Department, Country Policy Department.
and was promoted to Director of the Department in De
cember 1983. ALEXANDER SHAKOW, a U.S.
national, has been appointed Chief,
MARC L. BAZIN, a Haitian nation International Economic Affairs Divi
al, has been appointed chief of the new sion, International Relations Depart
Internal Organizations Division (an ment. Mr. Shakow joined the Bank in
integration of the U.N. Affairs Unit 1981 as Special Policy Adviser in the
and Intergovernmental and Non Office of the Director, Policy Planning
Governmental Organizations Unit), and Program Review Departmen t. In
International Relations Department, April 1982 he was appointed Chief of
effective January 1. Mr. Bazinjoined the Policy Unit, Country Policy De
the Bank as a Loan Officer in the partment, and in April 1983 he transferred to IRD as Senior
Western Africa Department in 1968. Adviser, International Economic Affairs. Prior to joining
He has also served as Deputy Chief in the Bank's Regional the Bank, Mr. Shakow worked for the U.S. Peace Corps and
Mission in Western Africa, as Senior Loan Officer in the the Agency for International Development.
Office of the Director, Western Africa Department, and as
Division Chief responsible for Mali, Niger, and Upper JEAN-PHILIPPE HALPHEN, a
Volta, Western Africa Country Programs Department I. French national, has been appointed
From 1976 to 1980 Mr. Bazin was seconded to the World Manager of the IFC Europe Division,
Health Organization as Director of the River Blindness Europe & Middle East Department,
Control Program in Upper Volta, and in 1981 he returned effective December 1. Mr. Halphen
to Haiti to serve as Director-General of the Industrial joined the Bank through the Young
Development Fund of Haiti. In October 1982 he rejoined Professionals Program in 1974 and
the Bank as Adviser in the Office of the Vice President, moved to the Corporation's Asia De
Energy and Industry. He was appointed World Bank Rep partment in 1975. He transferred to
resentative to the United Nations in New York in February the Europe & Middle East Depart
1983. ment in 1980. In 1984 he was appointed Chief Special
DAVID LOOS, a Sri Lankan nation Operations Officer, IFC's Special Operations Unit.
al, succeeded Marc Bazin as World
Bank Representative to the United ARTURO BRILLEMBOURG, a
Nations in New York January 1. Mr. Venezuelan national, has been pro
Loos joined the Bank in 1970 as a moted to Chief, Investment Division
Loan Officer in the South Asia De II, Investment Department, effective
partment, and in 1972 he transferred December 1. Mr. Brillembourgjoined
to EMENA Country Programs De the Bank in 1981 as an Investment
partment I. In 1973 he was promoted Officer, Investment Division I, and in
to Division Chief, Korea Division, 1985 he was promoted to Senior In
East Asia and Pacific Country Programs Department, and vestment Officer. Before joining the
in September 1980 was promoted to Director of the Bank's Bank, he was an economist with the
Regional Mission in Eastern Africa. International Monetary Fund.
20 THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986
New Staff Members
Theodore O. Ahlers
Carla F. Kruytbosch
MOHSIN S. KHAN, a Pakistani na United States
United States
tional, has been appointed Chief, Economist/WAl/II/25
Research Assistant/EM2/12/9
Macroeconomics Division (formerly Lynette Alemar
Marlaine E. Lockheed
Singapore
United States
Productivity Division), Development Education Sociologist/EDT/I 2/2
Secretary/PPD/12/9
Research Department, effective No Jyotirmoy Maitra
Shushom Bhatia
vember 25. Mr. Khan came to the India
India
Bank from the International Mone Public Health
Staff Assistant/EDS/12/9
tary Fund where he served since 1972 . SpecialistfPHN/12/30 Helene M. Metard
Edward D. Bourne France
in the Research Department as Econ Secretary/PHN/12/16
United States
omist, Assistant Chief, Financial Computer Operator/IFCfI2/9
SonjaMotz
Studies Division, Assistant to the Director, and then as Edward K. Brown
United States
Adviser from 1982. Ghana
Secretary/WAP /12/23
Demographer/PHN/12/4
Anthony Pellechio
M. Teresa CarboneU
United States
Philippines
Economist/DRD/ 12/2
PETER KARP, a German national, Secretary/LCP/12/16
Mark Rendely
has been promoted to Chief, Compen Silvia Castro
United States
Uruguay
Management Sys. Analyst/SVP/ 12/23
sation Policy Division, Compensation
Secretary/LCP/12/9
David Rivero
Department, effective January 1. Mr. Violet C. Collins
United States
Karp joined the Bank in 1982 as Per United States
Counsel/LEG/12/13
sonnel Officer and was promoted to Secretary/COM/ 12/9
MunaSalim
Personnel Manager in 1983. Before Anna Counselman
Kenya
United States
Secretary/EAP/12/23
joining the Bank, he was Vice Presi
SecretaryfPMA/ 12/2
Bahram Salimi
dent, Human Resources, Chase Man Iran
Nalin Garg
hattan Bank, and Manager, Personnel India Research Assistant/IFC/12/3
and Administration, A.C. Nielsen Marketing Research Info. Systems Analyst/CSH/12/ll Haneen I. Saye
Company. Virginia Grevett
Lebanon
United Kingdom
Operations Asst./EMP/12/17
RENE KARSENTI, a French nation Secretary/EA2/ 12/30
Carolyn Shaw
United States
al, has been promoted to Chief, Bor Mary Jane Hallow
Secretary/PHN/12/9
rowing Operations Division I, Finan United States
Financial Policy Officer/IFCfI2/9 Barbara A. Starke
cial Operations Department, effective United States
JaneE. Holt
January 1. Mr. Karsentijoined the United States
Word Processor/ADM/I 2/1 7
Bank through the Young Profession Financial Analyst/EAP /12/2
TaMin H. Taji
Morocco
als Program in 1979. In 1981 he was Peter M. Horvath
Senior Arabic Translator/ ADM/ 12/9
appointed Financial Officer, and in United States
Financial Officer/FOD /12/6
Gail E. Taylor
1984 he was promoted to Financial United Kingdom
Marc T. Jackson
Adviser, Financial Operations De United States
Secretary/EAP/12/9
partment. Prior to joining the Bank, he was an investment Secretary/LCP/12/9
Richard Verspyck
analyst and portfolio manager at Caisse des Depots et France
Choon-Ja Kang
EconornistfWAP/12/2
Consignations, Paris. United States
Principal Acct. Asst./ACT/12/23 Jacques Welin
United States
ANIL SOOD, an Indian national, has Geologist/IFCfll/25
been appointed Chief, Industrial Re
structuring Division, Industry De Retiree
partment, effective November 15. Mr. JAMES GRAHAM CLARKSON, a
Soodjoined the Bank in 1975 through Canadian national and a Public
the Young Professionals Program and Health Specialist, Population, Health
joined the Mining and Heavy Indus and Nutrition Department, retired
tries Division, Industry Department, December 31. Dr. Clarkson had been
in 1976. In 1982 he was promoted to with the Bank and the Department for
Deputy Chief, Manufacturing Indus 5-1/2 years. A Specialist in Health
tries Division, and in 1984 he was appointed Chief, Indus Administration, Dr. Clarkson is re
trial Restructuring Unit. Mr. Sood had been the Acting turning to Canada to resume private
Chief, Industrial Restructuring Division, since May. consulting practice.
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 21
....._
AnswerLinp · ___________
,r The purpose ofthis column is to answer Could you explain further what this to include eight-passenger vans. We
questions ofbroad interest concerning encouragement means in practical provide administrative support and
The World Bank/IFC's policies and terms? We are a car pool of six, and we free parking to staff who establish
procedures. Because of space wonder whether we have missed out on neighborhood van pools. We encour
limitations, only questions of wide institutional support available to us. age the use of public transportation by
interest can be published. If you have Answer: Our car pool and van pool providing Metro maps and bus route
such a question, send it to: Answer program consists of these elements: information in the Bank's Parking Of
Line, The Bank's World, Room D-839. We are linked to a computer-based car fice, Rm. A-120. And we are consider
Question: In the August issue of The pool information system with other ing other steps. If you would like to
Bank's World("Why Higher Parking area organizations (Pepco, the U.S. have more information, please contact
Fees?") you write that "the Bank is Treasury, and the State Department, James H. Edmonds, ADMPK, Ext.
encouraging staff to use other forms of etc.) to give staff access to a greater 73411. R.F. Townsend, Chief, Security
transportation: ride-sharing, van pools, number of car pool possibilities. We Division, Administrative Services De
car pools, not to mention Metro." have modified the van pool program partment.
Letter to the EcIitor._ _ _ _ _ _ __
The following let ter was sent in been conveyed to staff long before This is how the system is supposed to
memo form to the Chairperson ofthe December 3-which happens to be function: the delegates keep their con
StaffAssociation, and the writer has three days after the Association col stituents informed ofthe issues at hand
asked The Bank's World to reprint it in lected membership fees. and the constituents inform the dele
theform ofa letter to the editor. Here 3. Revoke the automatic member gates oftheir views. However, some
then is the memo. In addition, we have ship fee payroll deduction authority times things go less smoothly. In the
asked the StaffAssociation to respond, that I have issued to the Staff Associa case ofyour elec toral unit, only one of
and Donneve Rae's remarksfollow. tion. the three delegate slots has been filled
I wish to add that I find it shocking and all the alternate slots are empty.
As a member in good standing with that the Staff Association, which exists This means that one person must com
The World Bank Staff Association and to protect and further the interests of municate with approximately 210 staff
being very much in favor of said Child all staff members, has resorted to pork members, and that there is no one to act
Care Center, I wish to: barrel politics. It is very clear to me when this delegate becomes ill, takes
1. Register a strong protest over that the Association has more funds leave or goes on mission. More impor
the outrageously large amount grant than it knows what to do with and tantly, the views ofyour unit have only
ed the Child Care Center, an amount obviously does not need my contribu one vote, not three, in the decision
which will benefit approximately 10 /0 tion. making process.
of World Bank staff members, but Jorgen M uurmann It is true we need money to do some
represents 56%> of all dues collected ACTBC ofour work (such as obtaining expert
during the last fiscal year. legal advice) , but the time volunteered
2. Protest what at best must be con Donneve Rae responds: To reach this by staffmembers to stay well informed,
sidered a lack of interest on the part decision (to grant funds to the Child to be delegates or to work in the work
of the Staff Association in informing Care Center) , the delegates debated the ing groups is essential. By actively par
members about how their membership issue for nearly a month, and in the ticipating, staffmembers can ensure
fees are spent. There can be no doubt process, most polled their constituents. their views are not only heard but acted
that a decision of this nature taken on Based on their findings, a 75% majority upon, and the StaffAssociation is as
November 19 could and should have supported the proposition. sured ofremaining strong and effective.
22 THE BANK'S ~ORLD I JANUARY 1986
1985 Issues of The Sank's World-Index to Stories
January May Women in the Bank ... . ............... . .. 7
Q&A on Oil and Gas Lending ........ . . 2 Volunteers for Development ............ 2 A Woman's Memoir of Mali .............. 8
Training Course Offers New Dimensions for The Wizards of Wood, Walls and Wiring .. 6 Inspiring Stories in the World Press . ..... .. 10
Managers ....................... ' " 5 Can the Japanese Way of Training Be On the Record: The UN.Decade for Women . . 11
All the Right Moves .................... 8 Transferred to Other Countries? ... .. . . . 8 Oil in the Developing World . . .... . . .. .. 12
IBIS: Rapid Access to Documents ...... 10 On the Record: Development Committee And Now a Word from the IMF .......... 14
On the Record: 'Poverty in the Developing Communique ...................... 11 The Book ............................ 16
Countries-1985' . ..... ..... . . .... . 11 Overseas Press Club Address .. .. .. . . 13 Life After Job Grading ............ ...... 18
The Silent Minority .. .... . .. . . . ... .... . 13 Around the World Photo Contest ..... ... 15 United Way Campaign: 'Keep the
China Looks to the Year 2000 ........ .. 16 Bridge Breaks Down Barriers .......... 17 Spirit Alive' .......................... 19
Distributor Network Makes Bank Books T&V Revisited ......... : ... .... .. . .. .. 19 Loaned Executives ... ...... .. ......... 19
Available Worldwide ... . ... . .... .... 18 Matchmakers . ... ... ..... ........ .. .. 20 Around the Bank: New Head of IFC Paris
Around the Bank: 1985 Margaret Around the Bank: New Executive Director; Office; New Admin Manual; Annual
McNamara Award Recipient Named; Never a Sick Day; Women of Washington ; Meetings 1985 .. ...... . . . ....... .... 20
1st 1818 Chapter Meeting Down Under; Economics Prize to Pinto; Want to Be a
S1. Elizabeths Charity Drive; New BAFUNC? ........................ 21 October
Cookbook ... ........ ...... ... .... 19 The 1985 Annual Meetings ................ 2
Zambia Project .................... 20 Assignment Beijing: New Resident Mission
June
Managers Shouldn't Be Heroes .... . .. . 20 Opens ............................... 4
Dialogue on 19th Street .. ... ... . ....... 2
February Mr. Commissioner . . .... ... ... ..... .... . 6 China Report .................... .. . ... . 5
Stern: 'Lending Decline Is Highly They Counsel and Comfort .............. 8 A First for IFC, China ........... .... .. . . . 7
Localized' ... . . ...... . ..... .. ....... 2 On the Record: Responding to Changing Mission to Gansu Province .............. 8
IBRD's Financial House Is in Good Order .. 4 Global Needs . ..... .... .. . .. .. . ... . 11 Our One and Only .... . .... ..... ........ 9
Why They're Starving in Africa .......... 7 The Impact of Changes on DFls ... .. . 13 On the Record: A.w. Clausen's Annual
So You Want to Charter an Airplane .. . . 10 Keeping Tabs on Transportation Projects .. 15 Meetings Address .................... 11
On the Record : Press Conference on Africa Corporate Charge Card Program ... ... 16 Jacques de Larosiere's Annual Meetings
Facility ...... . . . .. ................. 11 Transition to Tomorrow . .. .... ..... .. .. 17 Address ............................ 15
Changes to Help IFC Meet Tomorrow's New Part-time Employment Policy .... .. 19 Firefighter ................ .... .. . ..... 16
Challenges ........................ 13 Around the Bank: Status Report: J and S Harassment Is No Laughing Matter ...... 18
Returning to Headquarters . ...... .. ... 15 Buildings .......................... 20 Around the Bank: UNICEF Campaign .... 18
A Personal View of Job Grading ... .... . 16 McNamara Fellows; Awards for Bank's United Way; Security for Your Safety;
Getting the Message .................. 18 World .... ...... . . . .. ...... . .... .. 21 Members of Administrative Tribunal ... . 19
Around the Bank: Ethiopian Famine Panel Oral Rehydration Therapy Conference;
Reports .. .... ................... . 18 Ending Hunger by 2000 . .. ...... . .... 20
Hittmair Succeeds Wiehen As Appeals July
A Retreat to Remember ...... . . . . . ..... 20
Chairman; Transportation Photo Q&A on Eastern and Southern Africa .... 2
Contest; Correction; Getting Ahead .... 19 WDR 85: Done with Policy-makers in Mind .. 6
For the Benefit of All . . . ......... .. .... 7 November
How Things Have Changed .. ..... ..... 20 Development Committee Maps Directions
36 Years Plus ... ... ... . .. ... ... ...... 21 Music to Our Ears . .... . . . . ...... ... . . 9
On the Record: Clausen on WDR '85 ... . 11 for Bank .. ... ... ...... ........... ... 2
March Highlights from the 1985 Senior Eyewitness: The Day the Earth Shook in
Environmentalism Is More Than Pollution Operations Managers' Retreat ........ 14 Mexico City .. . ...... .. ..... ....... . .. 4
Control .. . .. . .... .. ...... ..... ..... 2 Providing Shelter for Low-Income Groups .. 16 What Do You Think? ............ .. ...... 7
The Fiery Delights of Indian Cuisine ...... 4 Staff Rules Focus on Employment Rights, A McNamara Fellow ... . . ..... ... ... .. . . 8
The Man in the Glass Booth ........ .. .. 6 Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 On the Record: Statement to Second
Willa Wiggins Says Goodbye ............ 8 Around the Bank: Emergency Network; Committee of U. N. General Assembly. :' .. 11
Food Security .... ... ........ ..... .... 9 Automated Access to Bank Garages; World Bank Lending for Agriculture and
On the Record: Promoting the Private Certificate to Staff; New Chairperson of Rural Development: An Interim Appraisal .. 13
Sector in Developing Countries: A Staff Association . .. ..... .. ........ 19 Dedication ............................ 15
Multilateral Approach ... ..... .. .... 11 H Bldg. Eateries Receive Awards . ..... 20 Be Patient with Your PPR . ... .... ... . . ... 16
Accent on Financial Flows to Spur Third A Lab in the X Building . . .. . .... .. .... . 20 The Books of Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
World Recovery ....... ... .. .. .... .. 13 Around the Bank: Bank Hosts U.N.'s 40th
Global Village ... .. .. .. ....... .. ..... . 15 Anniversary Celebrations in Washington;
Shopping in the H Building ............ 17 August Have You Done Your Profile?; In Concert;
Around the Bank: Food for Thought: On Using Management Consultants ........ 2 United Way .......................... 19
Staff Like Bank Eateries . ... .. .. .... 19 The Winners Are .. ..... . . .. ....... ...... 4 Notaries Public; Witteveen Cup;
Economic Review Journal Scheduled for If You Absolutely, Positively Have to Get It 'Clausen's Concern' .... .. .. .. . ... . . .. 20
Debut; Texas City 'Queen for a Day' . . 20 Overseas Fast .. . . ... .. . ...... .... .. .. 8
Thelma ... ... . ... . .. .... ... ......... ... 9
April On the Record: A View of Some National and December
Lights, CAmera, Questions ........... ... 2 International Economic Issues ...... .. .. 11 Where Does CGIAR Go from Here? ........ 2
The Health Scene ..... ... .... . ... ..... . 6 The Bank's Future Transportation Role .. 13 The Local Staff in Nairobi ... ....... ..... . 5
The 'New' ADM .. .... ... .. .. . . .... ..... 8 Port Planning ........................ 14 Diplomat without Portfolio ................ 8
On the Record: 'The World Bank and PhYSical Fitness Program in Swing .... .... 15 Tough Questions for the Bank .. ....... ... 10
Cofinancing' ... .. ... . .. . . . . . ... .. . 11 A Love of the Sea ................... ... 17 On the Record: Clausen Reconfirms Bank's
John J McCloy: 90th Birthday ... .. . .. 12 Around the Bank: New Executive Director; Commitment to Debt Strategy .. ... ... . . 11
The Economies of East Asia .. ... . . ... 13 Why Higher Parking Fees?; EDI Seminar Human Resource Development in Africa:
Signs of the Times .. . . . . ...... .. ..... . 15 for Chinese Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 An Overview ...... .. .... .. . . ..... . .. 13
Readers Speak Up .................... 17 Medical Costs Continue to Rise .... .... . . 19 Meet the Executive Directors ............ 15
UNICEF Project Focuses on Uganda .... 18 Standards of Service .................... 18
Around the Bank: New Executive Director; Do You Want a Free Van? . ..... ... .. ... 19
MED to Sponsor National High Blood Around the Bank: Have You Done Your
Pressure Month; Help Wanted; Parking September Profile?; Are You a Quitter?; Pedestrians,
Reminder; United Way Award ........ 20 Women in Development .................. 2 Beware; New Office? .................. 20
Administrative Tribunal Judges; Report from Nairobi .. . .. ... ........... . . . 2 Babel Transcended: International Poetry
'Hitt[ng the Jackpot' ................ 21 Q&A with Gloria Scott ... . .... .... ... . .... 4 Festival at the Bank; High Tide on the
Future Home of Child Care Center .. .... 24 The New Adviser on Women ....... . ...... 6 Potomac; 'Transport Devices' .......... 21
THE BANK'S WORLD I JANUARY 1986 23
As we go to press. • •
FY86 FIRST HALF FINANCIAL RESULTS: The Europe and Japan.
World Bank borrowed the equivalent of $6.8 On the lending side, commitments of
billion in the world's capital markets IBRD loans were $2.9 billion for the first
during the first half of fiscal year 1986. half of FY86 compared to $1.1 billion a
This amount is the largest the Bank has year ago. Expectations are that for all of
ever raised in any first half. FY86 loan commitments will reach the target
The money was borrowed in a variety of range of $12.0 to $13.5 billion. Loan
currencies at an average cost of 7.25% at commitments in all of FY85 were $11.4
the lowest spreads over the cost of billion.
government obligations in the Bank's ***
history. BANK LOWERS INTEREST ON LOANS: The
In addition, the Bank's net income as interest rate on World Bank loans to
of December 31, 1985 was $695 million- developing countries was reduced from 8.82%
another record amount. Last year, first to 8.5% for six months beginning January 1,
half net income was $588 million. 1986. In announcing the reduction in the
At a Headquarters press conference lending rate, World Bank President A. W.
January 16, Moeen A. Qureshi, Senior Vice Clausen said he was pleased that the Bank
President for Finance, stated that the was able to continue the downward trend in
financial performance in the first half its loan charges.
shows that the Bank is prepared to fulfill "This is a direct result of our high
its leadership role in efforts by standing in the world's capital markets,"
governments and the commercial banking said Mr. Clausen. "Once again, developing
community to foster economic development in countries are benefiting directly from The
debtor member nations. World Bank's financial strength as our
The Bank's low cost of borrowing was reduced borrowing costs permit us to lower
achieved through favorable timing of the rates we charge on development loans."
borrowings and access to markets, The Bank's lending rate is calculated
particularly for nominally lower cost by adding 0.5% to the average cost in the
currencies such as Swiss francs, Japanese preceding six months of a pool of all
yen, Deutsche mark, and Dutch guilders. borrowings made since July 1, 1982.
These currencies, together with the U.S. This is the seventh consecutive
dollar, accounted for more than 90% of the reduction since July 1, 1982, when the Bank
Bank's borrowings, after swaps, for the began to lend at a variable interest rate
first six months of fiscal 86. The Bank's and adopted a policy of resetting its
borrowings, all told, were in 14 different lending rates for loans on a semi-annual
currencies and European Currency Units. basis. At that time, the lending rate was
Other factors contributing to the 11.47%.
Bank's low borrowing cost were the use of * * *
currency swaps, which lowered the cost of IDA-8 PARIS MEETING: The IDA Deputies will
its new medium- and long-term borrowings meet in Paris January 27 and 28 to begin
from 7.94% to 7.22%, and its use of new negotiations for the Eighth Replenishment
borrowing techniques. The Bank also period to run from mid-1987 to mid-1990.
expanded its borrowings from The Deputies will meet several times during
non-traditional sources, such as the 1986 to decide on the size and scope of
cooperative and savings institutions in IDA-8.
The Bank's World , Vol. 5, No.1. Published monthly in Washington , D.C., by the Information and Public Affairs Department of The World Bank for all employees and retirees
01 The World Bankllnternational Finance Corporation, 1818 H St. , N.W., Room 0-839, Washington , D.C. 20433. Alan DraUell, Editor; Ellen Tillier, Associate Editor;
Marjorie Messiter and Jill Roessner, Assistant Editors; Morallina George, Editorial Assistant; Bill Fraser, Designer.