SFG2596 REV
World Bank Financed Hubei Inland River Shipping
Capacity Improvement Project
Social Assessment
Report
Project Management Office of Hubei Inland River Shipping
Capacity Improvement Project
June, 2016
1
Table of Contents
Executive
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 4
1 Social Impact Assessment ............................................................................................................ 10
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 11
1.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................... 12
1.3.2 IMPACT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY...................................................................................... 13
2 Social and Economic Background ............................................................................................... 16
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................................ 16
2.2 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT AREA ............................................................ 17
2.2.1 YICHENG’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................... 17
2.2.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFFECTED TOWNSHIPS ................................................................. 18
2.2.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFFECTED VILLAGES ................................................................... 20
2.2.4 BASIC INFORMATION OF AFFECTED FAMILIES .............................................................................. 21
3 Social Impact Analysis ................................................................................................................. 23
3.1 POSITIVE IMPACT ........................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.1 POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 23
3.1.2 POSITIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS .......................................................................................................... 25
3.2 POTENTIAL IMPACT........................................................................................................................ 26
4 Impact on Displaced Persons ....................................................................................................... 40
4.1 RESPONSE TO CONSTRUCTION SUSPENSION ORDER........................................................................ 40
4.2 DMS STANDARD’S IMPACT ON DPS............................................................................................... 40
4.3 RESETTLEMENT OF DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS .......................................................................................... 41
4.3.1 RESETTLEMENT OF DISPLACED RESIDENTS FROM FISHERMEN'S COOPERATIVE OF YAKOU VILLAGE
............................................................................................................................................................ 41
4.3.2 COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION FOR DISPLACED HOUSEHOLDS IN THE RESERVOIR AREA .. 47
4.3.3 RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES................................ 47
4.4 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION OF PAPS ............................................................................ 48
4.5 COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION OF AFFECTED ENTERPRISES................................................ 49
4.6 COMPENSATION AND REHABILITATION OF AFFECTED SPECIALIZED FACILITIES ............................... 49
4.6.1 REHABILITATION OF WHARF ....................................................................................................... 49
4.6.2 REHABILITATION OF PUMPING STATIONS ..................................................................................... 50
4.6.3 REHABILITATION OF SLUICE GATES ............................................................................................. 50
4.6.4 REHABILITATION OF OTHER SPECIALIZED FACILITIES .................................................................. 50
4.7 RESETTLEMENT OF VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................................................................................... 51
5 Project Impact on Local Residents ............................................................................................... 52
5.1 LAND RESOURCES ......................................................................................................................... 52
5.2 PRODUCTION AND BUSINESSES OF LOCAL RESIDENTS .................................................................... 52
5.3 LABOR DISTRIBUTION OF LOCAL RESIDENTS.................................................................................. 53
5.4 INCOME OF LOCAL RESIDENTS ....................................................................................................... 53
5.5 IMPACT OF LAND OCCUPANCY ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME................................................................. 54
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5.5.1 IMPACT OF LAND OCCUPANCY .................................................................................................... 54
5.5.2 IMPACT OF LAND OCCUPANCY ON A TYPICAL HOUSEHOLD AND ITS INCOME ................................ 54
6 Project Impact on Gender ............................................................................................................ 57
6.1 STATE OF WOMEN DEVELOPMENT IN PROJECT AFFECTED AREA ...................................................... 57
6.2 PROJECT IMPACT ON LOCAL WOMEN .............................................................................................. 59
6.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT ON WOMEN’S ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION ...................................................... 59
6.2.2 PROJECT IMPACT ON WOMEN’S EDUCATION AND MARRIAGE ....................................................... 62
6.2.3 WOMEN’S ATTITUDES ON THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPACT ............................................................. 62
6.2.4 WOMEN’S POTENTIAL METHODS OF EXPRESSION WHEN THEIR INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE
CANNOT BE REALIZED ......................................................................................................................... 64
7 Public Participation ...................................................................................................................... 67
7.1 RESULTS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ............................................................................................... 67
7.1.1 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PROJECT ..................................................................................................... 67
7.1.2 PROJECT AND OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................................................... 67
7.1.3 ATTITUDE TOWARD LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ..................................................... 67
7.1.4 EXPRESSION OF OPINIONS ON LAND ACQUISITION AND HOUSE DEMOLITION ............................... 70
7.2 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PLAN ......................................................................................................... 70
8 Social Management Plan .............................................................................................................. 71
8.1 EXPAND POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................. 71
8.2 MINIMIZE ADVERSE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 72
8.3 PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL RESIDENTS ............................................................................ 75
8.4 PROMOTE GENDER DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................ 80
8.5 THE OBJECTIVE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT’S SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................... 81
8.5.1 THE OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT’S SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN........................................................ 81
8.5.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT’S SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 81
8.6 RESETTLEMENT ORGANIZATIONS................................................................................................... 82
8.6.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT.................................................................................................. 82
8.6.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF RESETTLEMENT INSTITUTIONS .................................................................. 83
8.6.3 SCHEDULE .................................................................................................................................. 85
8.7 PROJECT MONITORING ................................................................................................................... 86
Appendices...................................................................................................................................... 87
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Executive Summary
The World Bank Financed Yakou Shipping Hub Project is located in the section
from Danjiangkou to Zhongxiang in middle reaches of the Han River and at 15.7m
downstream of Yicheng City of Hubei Province. It is 203 km away from the
Danjiangkou hydro-junction and 446km away from Hekou. This project is the sixth
key hydro-power development project in main stream of Han River. Its location is
52.67km downstream from Cuijiaying hydro-junction and 59.38 km upstream from
Nianpanshan hydro-junction.
According to Overall Planning of Comprehensive Development in Han River
Basin of Hubei Province (2011-2020), Yakou Shipping Hub Project is one of the key
hydro-power development projects in the main stream of the Han River. By 2020, six
key hydro junctions (namely Wangfuzhou, Xinji, Cuijiaying, Yakou, Nianpanshan,
and Xinglong hydro-junctions) will be built downstream from the Danjiangkou
Reservoir. These hydro-junctions can ensure that the ecological environmental along
the Han River main stream will be protected. They also ensure irrigation, power
generation, shipping, domestic water supply, and water supply for production. With
these hydro-junctions, water resources will be efficiently used and many benefits will
be created. As a result of these hydro-junctions, comprehensive development of the
Han River main stream will be achieved.
The Yakou Shipping Hub Project focuses on shipping, along with the overall
benefits of power generation, irrigation, and tourism. The project’s construction
includes a 1,000t ship lock, 40-hole sluice, power house, earth dam, and fishways.
Construction of Yakou Shipping Hub may form a 52.67km third-class channel in the
Han River. When the Yakou Shipping Hub is built, the power station will have an
installed capacity of 75.6MW and an annual electricity generation capacity of 324
million kw.h. The project entails a total static investment of 2.7 billion Yuan, of which
150 million USD will come from the proposed World Bank loan. The construction is
expected to last for 58 months.
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Project’s social and economic profile
Yicheng, where the project is located, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction
of Xiangyang. Located in the northwest of Hubei Province and along the middle
reaches of the Han River, Yicheng covers an area of 2,115km2, with an east-to-west
length of 76km and a south-to-north width of 53km. It has jurisdiction over eight
towns, two sub-districts, one industrial park, and one provincial-level economic
development zone. By the end of 2014, Yicheng’s total registered population was
567,493 and permanent population was 520,200. In 2014, Yicheng’s realized total
revenue of 2,137,430,000 Yuan, and general budgetary revenue of 1,908,290,000
Yuan. Of 2,137,430,000 Yuan, 125,020,000 Yuan was central tax revenue and
1,061,030,000 Yuan was local tax revenue. In 2014, average disposable cash income
of Yicheng residents was 16,947 Yuan. The average disposable income of urban
residents was 22,243 Yuan, of which 1,343 Yuan was the average consumption
expenditure of urban residents. Urban residents’ expenditure on food accounted for
36.9% of their total consumption expenditure. Average construction area of residential
houses of urban residents was 49.95m2. Average net income of rural residents was
13,263 Yuan. Rural residents’ average spending on living was 10,057 Yuan. Rural
residents’ expenditure on food accounted for 38.4% of their total consumption
expenditure. Rural residents averagely own construction area of 47.02 m2.
With regard to the townships and sub-districts within the project area, Yancheng
sub-district, located in Yicheng, has a relatively large non-agricultural population;
whereas other townships are of typical rural economic and social structures.
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Cultivated land owned by rural people on average varies. In Liushui Town, cultivated
land per person exceeds 3 mu (1mu=666.67m2), while in other townships, cultivated
land per person exceeds 1.65 mu. The project area has a relatively large area of
cultivated land in Hubei Province.
With regard to the employment distribution within the project area, about one
third of rural employees engage in agricultural production in their respective
townships, while the remaining two thirds of rural laborers engage in production and
business of the industrial sector and service sector. In Liushui Town, 45% of laborers
serve in the industrial sector and service sector, whereas in other towns, nearly or over
50% of laborers seeks jobs or do business outside their respective towns. In 2014,
farmers’ average net income ranged from 11,000Yuan to 13,000Yuan, and it was
higher in Yancheng Sub-district, Zhengji Town, and Liushui Town than that in Wangji
Town, Nanying Sub-district, and Xiaohe Town. Traditionally, Yicheng has been
known as a “little giant” in agriculture, because some of its townships boast the
distinctive production and processing of agricultural and sideline products and have
formed a pattern of “one product of one town” and “one specialty of one village”.
Within the project area, Liushui Town is known for growing watermelon and Zhengji
Town is known for raising ducks and duck-related products processing, whereas
Wangji Town and Nanying Sub-district are known for growing vegetables on a large
scale.
Social impact analysis
The project’s impact on the economy, society, ecology, environment, and culture
has been analyzed from a macroscopic view.
With regard to the project’s positive impact, the project improves the waterway
of the Yicheng segment of the Han River, enhancing the shipping capacity of Han
River; it optimizes the modes of transport in the area, reducing the cost of transport; it
increases power supply to its surrounding areas; it increases the probability of
irrigation for its surrounding farmland, improving the environment for agricultural
production; it accelerates Yicheng’s urban development, improving the environment
for living and production; it promotes the development of the shipping industry in
Hubei, boosting the economy of the areas along the upper and lower reaches of the
Han River; it creates a large number of job opportunities in the local area, and
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develops and upgrades local industries, raising the living standard of local residents.
With regard to the project’s potential negative impact, project construction may
reduce fishery resources, disrupting fishery production and reducing the income of
fishermen; it may increase the negative impact on the vulnerable and poor population
in the project area; it may disrupt agricultural production of local women, reducing
their incomes; it may harm the health of residents living nearby, damage their living
environment, and disrupt public security.
Impact on displaced persons
Displaced persons in the project area generally support the project. They
generally believe that they will benefit from the project, so they do not obstruct
project construction by requesting the construction to be halted.
Some villagers in the project area cannot understand units of measure in the
DMS standard, so they tend to be skeptical about the results of measurement and feel
that their interests may be undermined.
According to the resettlement plan for households affected by the project,
different methods of resettlement and compensation based on different uses of private
structures of displaced persons will be adopted.
The method of “land reclamation by lifting the field” will be used to minimize
the affected farmers’ land loss caused by the project.
Funds and help will be given to the affected enterprises and facilities for their
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Impact on local residents
In the project area, local residents primarily engage in agricultural production,
along with non-agricultural activities. In a family, members have their respective tasks,
some primarily engaging in agriculture and some engaging in non-agricultural sectors
outside their hometown. As a result, incomes from agricultural production still
dominate a family’s total incomes, while incomes from non-agricultural employment
are increasing.
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During construction, the project may impact the land resources in the affected
area. Though the method of “land reclamation by lifting the field” can reduce the
impact of construction on the land resources, the impact may be serious in the short
term. In the long term, construction may reduce the total area of cultivated land.
Therefore, the project will affect local residents’ production, business, working hours,
and income structures.
Gender and social development
Within the project area, females are generally under-educated, because they
primarily engage in agricultural production and housework. Their incomes primarily
come from farming.
The project affects local women in the following aspects: 1. As project
construction uses land, it will reduce female’s contribution to the incomes of her
family. 2. Project construction is likely to reduce a female’s role in business services.
3. Project construction may create opportunities for local women to engage in
non-agricultural economic activities.
In general, women in the project area support the project. They hope that
compensation standards can be open and transparent and can meet or exceed their
expectations.
Public consultation and participation
The Yakou Shipping Hub Project Management Office organized a number of
socio-economic surveys, polls, and public consultations. When preparing for the
project and formulating Resettlement Action Plan and Environmental Impact
Assessment, the office has held public participation activities in the form of
questionnaires, field surveys, interviews with key informants, and meetings of
stakeholders. In addition, the Project Management Office (PMO) has also formulated
public participation plans for different stakeholders. Effective measures will be
adopted to facilitate public participation and consultation during the preparation,
implementation, and operation of the project.
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Social Management Plan
The PMO has developed a detailed social management plan in an effort to
increase the project’s positive effects and prevent or minimize the risks and impact of
project construction on stakeholders. The PMO focuses on the displaced persons in
the inundated reservoir area and hub construction site and local residents in the
project construction area, especially the development of women and poor and
vulnerable groups. Project Implementation Organization and relevant supervising
agencies will be set up to ensure that both the project and RAP will be successfully
implemented.
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1 Social Impact Assessment
1.1 Project objectives
With regard to social impact assessment, information concerning the project’s
social impact and risks will be collected and analyzed as much as possible during
preparation for the project. With widely public participation, the advice and opinions
of stakeholders will be solicited and reported to the PIU (Project Implementing Unit)
and relevant departments, so that they may take effective measures to prevent or
minimize the project’s negative impact on society and minimize the project’s social
risks. As a result, they may increase the benefits of the project and enable the project
to promote social development in the project area and to facilitate the harmonious
development of the local economy and environment, maximizing the project’s social
and economic benefits. Social impact assessment aims to ensure that the World Bank
security policy and the rights stipulated in the policy that are related to the population
affected by the project are better implemented. It also aims to ensure that relevant
China’s policies are implemented so that the World Bank Financed Hubei Inland
River Shipping Capacity Improvement Project can be successfully implemented.
Social Impact Assessment includes the following tasks:
① Surveying and understanding the socioeconomic status and stakeholders in
the project area as well as stakeholders’ attitude towards the project;
② Identifying the main social factors that affect implementation of the project;
③ Identifying the main social risks that may be caused by implementation of the
project;
④ Providing advice on how to enable the project to benefit the public,
especially the poor, based on public participation;
⑤ Offering advice on how to optimize other projects and prevent/minimize
social risks.
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1.2 Project scope
The hub construction project is a water conservancy project. This assessment
mainly evaluates the social impact of project on hub construction area and
surrounding area which includes the effects on local resident’s daily life during the
construction process and the social and economics impacts on local economy and
Han-River basin, Hubei Province, when the project completion is met. So the aim of
this social assessment project is to investigate the impacts of the hub construction on
resident’s production and living conditions, the local economic development and the
social development condition of Han-River basin in Hubei Province.
This constuction project is located in Yicheng, a county-level city over which
Xiangyang City of Hubei Province has jurisdiction. It is a water conservancy project.
When the project is completed, the impoundment of the reservoir area will be retained
by the current Han-River levee.
The Yakou Project’s inundated reservoir area and hub construction area involves
Yicheng City, Xiangyang District of Xiangyang City, and New Dongjin District
Xiangyang City, totaling 3 county-(city) level divisions, 8 townships and
township-level divisions, and 36 village-level divisions. In both Xiangyang District
and New Dongjin District, backwater has inundated the beaches on both sides of the
river course retained by the Han River levee. The inundated area and occupied land
area, which involve 6 townships and sub-districts and 24 villages, are larger in
Yicheng than in other areas. Located 15.7km downstream from Yicheng, the Hub dam
site involves Yicheng’s two townships and three villages, namely Yakou Village of
Liushui Town on the left bank, and Heluo Village and Maocao Village of Zhengji
Town on the right bank. In addition to the water reservoir project and the Hub dam
construction project, a drainage project is underway for eliminating the inundation of
farmland along both banks when water is impounded after the project is completed.
The drainage project involves some areas along both banks of the Han River.
Construction of floodways on the left bank involves 11 villages of Wangji and
Nanying townships of Yicheng; construction of Yidao floodway involves 12 villages
of Yancheng Sub-district and Zhengji Town.
When the completion of construction project is met, the improvements of
Han-River shipping services and regional power grid are expected. It will also benefit
the social and economic development of Yicheng and Han-River basin, Hubei
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Province.
1.3 Project implementation
1.3.1 Identification of stakeholders
(1) Identification of stakeholders
Identifying stakeholders is a prerequisite for the effective social impact
assessment. By surveying the project area and looking at the information provided by
the project design department, we identify the stakeholders of the project as follows:
● DPs;
● Local residents in the project construction area
● PIU
● design institute, construction contractor, and supervising agency
● Governments and relevant functional departments involved in the project
● Other stakeholders
The main stakeholders of the project include displaced persons in the inundated
reservoir area and hub construction area, and local residents in the project
construction area, especially women and the poor and vulnerable groups in these
areas.
(2) Stakes
Different stakeholders are affected by the project differently and they have
different interests concerning the project. By analyzing project requirements, we will
be able to identify the project’s key social impact and prevent potential social risks, so
as to ensure that resettlement is successfully implemented and project construction
proceeds smoothly. Through interviews, questionnaires, and field surveys, we identify
the interests of affected local residents as follows:
A． Displaced persons of the inundated reservoir area and hub construction
area
Displaced persons in the inundated reservoir area and hub construction area are
the main stakeholders of the project. They are both the beneficiaries and victims of
the project. During project construction and the implementation of RAP, these
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displaced persons have the following interests-related expectations. First, they expect
that the loss of their housing due to project construction can be reasonably
compensated. Second, persons whose only house is to be demolished hope that they
can be properly compensated with resettlement house. Third, displaced persons who
own profitable non-residential structures hope that they can be compensated in cash
and their business can be resumed after the project is completed.
B． Local residents in the project construction area
Local residents in the project area are the main stakeholders of the project too.
The largest impact of the project on these residents is the loss of productive resources
that is caused by land acquisition. During project construction and the implementation
of RAP, these local residents have the following interests-related expectations. First,
they expect that they can re-obtain land resources as many as possible. Second, they
expect that the loss caused by land acquisition can be minimized. Third, they hope
that the re-obtained farmland can meet the farming need. Fourth, they expect that the
loss caused by land acquisition can be properly compensated.
1.3.2 Impact and socio-economic survey
From July through August of 2015, Hubei Provincial Communications Planning
and Design Institute organized workers from local governments and government
agencies to form a joint investigation team to investigate the 55.22 m normal water
storage plan and the recommended project layout plan. Between September and
October of 2015 after the investigation, the Institute reviewed the investigation result
and made it public.
Inventory survey includes the survey of the impact brought about by rural land
acquisition, survey on enterprises and public institutions, and special survey.
Survey on the impact caused by rural land acquisition entails population, house
and accessory structures, land, water conservancy facilities, agricultural and sideline
production facilities, the cultural, educational, and health service facilities, and other
items (e.g. sporadic trees, tombs, phones, and cable TV).
Survey of enterprises involves an enterprise’s name, nature, registered capital,
location, floor space, number of employees and their family members, and amounts of
infrastructure and equipment, as well as main products, annual output, annual output
value, annual salary, annual profit, annual tax, and other technical and economic
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indicators.
Special survey involves traffic engineering facilities, power transmission and
transformation facilities, telecommunications engineering facilities, radio and
television broadcasting facilities, pipeline facilities, state-owned farm (forestry,
pasture, and fishing ground), cultural relics and historic sites, scenic areas, natural
reserves, gauging station, mineral resources, and other items.
When investigating the impact of the project, different organizations have also
conducted a number of socio-economic surveys and resettlement preference surveys
within the project area for the purpose of compiling resettlement planning reports,
social risk assessment reports, and social impact assessment reports. These surveys
are as follows:
1. The social risk assessment organization for this project conducted
questionnaires for local residents with regard to social stability risks in 8 townships in
August of 2014. Random surveys of the villages which were largely affected by land
acquisition were conducted and a total of 313 valid questionnaires were collected. A
total of 18 valid questionnaires for 18 relevant organizations and enterprises with
regard to social stability risks were collected.
2. Hubei Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute conducted
socio-economic surveys for the project while conducting the field survey from July to
August of 2015. The institute collected the information of 86 groups of villagers from
18 villages affected by the project. Such information concerns natural resources
locally and the villagers’ financial conditions. In addition, the institute held meetings
for each group of villagers as a way to understand the affected populations’
resettlement preferences.
3. In December 2015, Wuhan University organized a survey team to investigate
the project’s social and economic impact in the affected area identified by the design
department.
The survey of the project’s social and economic impact includes the following:
1) Data collection
a. including the social and economic statistics of Yicheng and the project area
b. Collecting the laws, regulations, and policies of China, Hubei, and Yicheng
that are related to land acquisition, house demolition, and resettlement, as well as
Yicheng’s policies on resettlement for similar projects
2．Socio-economic survey
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a.Surveying the basic social and economic situation in Yicheng, Xiangyang and
Hubei Province.
b.Surveying the affected families in the project area, especially the vulnerable
families
c. Public opinions and advice
d. Surveying the population, labor force, industrial mix, and cultivated land of
the villages affected by the project.
Through the aforesaid surveys, PMO has collected the general information of all
affected families. In addition, PMO conducted random surveys in the form of
questionnaire for the families affected by land acquisition and house demolition in
accordance with the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement. The general
information of 118 affected families with regard to family members, property,
economic activities, incomes, expenditures, and resettlement preferences has been
collected.
During preparation for resettlement of the project, all households whose
structures are to be demolished have been surveyed; 19% of the households whose
land is to be permanently acquired have been surveyed; 8.7% of the families whose
land is to be temporarily occupied have been surveyed.
Table 1-1 Socio-economic survey samples
Type of impact Quantity of affected Survey samples Percentage of samples
households (number of (%)
households)
Structures and 72 72 100
attachments to be
demolished
Permanent land 428 82 19.16
acquisition
Temporarily land 3401 296 8.70
occupation
Total 3901 431 11.05
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2 Social and Economic Background
2.1 Overview of project area
Yakou Shipping Hub Project is located in Yicheng, a county-level city over
which Xiangyang City of Hubei Province has jurisdiction. It is a water conservancy
project. When the project is completed, the impoundment of the reservoir area will be
retained by the current Han-River levee. The total inundated area will be 99,495.03mu,
of which 71,911.0mu is water area and 27,584.03mu is land area.
The Yakou Project’s inundated reservoir area and hub construction area involves
Yicheng City, Xiangyang District of Xiangyang City, and New Dongjin District of
Xiangyang City, totaling 3 county-(city) level divisions, 8 townships and
township-level divisions, and 36 village-level divisions. In both Xiangyang District
and New Dongjin District, backwater has inundated the beaches on both sides of the
river course retained by the Han River levee, covering an area of 2,153mu and
involving 12 township-level villages. The inundated area and occupied land area,
which involve 6 townships and sub-districts and 24 villages, are larger in Yicheng
than in other areas.
Located 15.7km downstream from Yicheng, the Hub dam site involves Yicheng’s
two townships and three villages, namely Yakou Village of Liushui Town on the left
bank, and Heluo Village and Maocao Village of Zhengji Town on the right bank.
In addition to the water reservoir project and the Hub dam construction project, a
drainage project is underway for eliminating the inundation of farmland along both
banks when water is impounded after the project is completed. The drainage project
involves some areas along both banks of the Han River. Construction of floodways on
the left bank involves 11 villages of Wangji and Nanying townships of Yicheng;
construction of Yidao floodway involves 12 villages of Yancheng Sub-district and
Zhengji Town. The drainage project covers a total area of 720.53mu.
See table 2-1 for the basic information on the aforesaid three subprojects.
Table 2-1 Areas affected by the project
Sub-project Indicators Unit Quantity
Water Reservoir Number of townships
involved in the number 8
inundated area
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Sub-project Indicators Unit Quantity
Number of villages
involved in the number 34
inundated area
area of inundated land mu 27584.03
of which,
mu 865.27
cultivated land
beaches mu 15542.18
woodland mu 9631.48
residential
mu 9.77
land
land for other uses mu 1535.33
Number
Houses to be of
18/91
demolished household
s/people
Hub Dam Construction Number of townships
number 2
involved
number of villages
number 3
involves
Permanent land
mu 1165.94
acquisition
Temporary land
mu 840.38
occupation
Number
Houses to be of
17/61
demolished household
s/people
Drainage & Floodways Townships involved number 4
villages involved number 23
area mu 720.53
Source: 1. Hubei Communications Planning and Design Institute: Resettlement Planning and
Design Report for Land Acquisition for Construction of Han River Yakou Shipping Hub, January
of 2016.
2. School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering of Wuhan University: Design Report
for Reservoir Drainage System of Han River Yakou Shipping Hub Project, 2015
2.2 Social and economic development of project area
2.2.1 Yicheng’s economic development
Yicheng is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang. Located in
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the northwest of Hubei Province and along the middle reaches of the Han River,
Yicheng covers an area of 2,115km2, with an east-to-west length of 76km and a
south-to-north width of 53km. It has jurisdiction over eight towns, two sub-districts,
one industrial park, and one provincial-level economic development zone. By the end
of 2014, Yicheng’s total registered population was 567,493 and permanent population
was 520,200. In 2014, Yicheng’s birth rate was 10.11‰ and death rate was 5.02‰.
The developed area of Yicheng covers 14km2 and has a population of 150,000.
In 2014, Yicheng’s government realized total revenue of 2,137,430,000 Yuan and
general budgetary revenue of 1,908,290,000 Yuan. Of 2.13743 billion Yuan,
125,020,000 Yuan was central tax revenue and 1,061,030,000 Yuan was local tax
revenue. In 2014, average disposable cash income of Yicheng residents was 16,947
Yuan. The average disposable income of urban residents was 22,243 Yuan, of which
1,343 Yuan was the average consumption expenditure of urban residents. Urban
residents’ expenditure on food accounted for 36.9% of their total consumption
expenditure. Average construction area of residential houses of urban residents was
49.95m2. Average net income of rural residents was 13,263 Yuan. Rural residents’
average spending on living was 10,057 Yuan. Rural residents’ expenditure on food
accounted for 38.4% of their total consumption expenditure. Rural residents averagely
own construction area of 47.02 m2.
2.2.2 Economic development of affected townships
With regard to the townships and sub-districts within the project area, Yancheng
sub-district, located in Yicheng, has a relatively large non-agricultural population;
whereas other townships have typical rural economic and social structures. Cultivated
land owned by rural people on average varies. In Liushui Town, cultivated land per
person exceeds 3mu (1mu=666.67m2), while in other townships, cultivated land per
person exceeds 1.65mu. The project area has a relatively large number of cultivated
lands in Hubei Province.
Table 2-2 Basic information of towns (sub-districts) within the project area
Non-agri Natural Cultivated
Towns Cultivated
Total Rural cultural population land per
(sub-distric Area (km2) land
population population populati growth rate person
ts) (hectare)
on (‰ ) (mu)
Yancheng 90.98 3280.27 131673 50176 81497 3.69 0.98
Zhengji 214.00 9247.70 83268 73945 9323 4.97 1.88
18
Xiaohe 231.42 7357.90 60480 52764 7716 7.72 2.09
Liushui 581.00 8734.00 46169 41637 4532 3.86 3.15
Nanying 172.00 5023.00 46518 41960 4558 6.54 1.80
Wangji 147.00 4351.30 43582 39670 3912 4.84 1.65
With regard to the employment distribution within the project area, about one
third of rural employees engage in agricultural production in their respective
townships, while the remaining two thirds of rural laborers engage in production and
business of the industrial sector and service sector. In Liushui Town, 45% of laborers
serve in the industrial sector and service sector, whereas in other towns, nearly or over
50% of laborers seeks jobs or do business outside their respective towns. In 2014,
farmers’ average net income ranged from 11,000Yuan to 13,000Yuan, and it was
higher in Yancheng Sub-district, Zhengji Town, and Liushui Town than that in Wangji
Town, Nanying Sub-district, and Xiaohe Town. Traditionally, Yicheng has been
known as a “little giant” in agriculture, because some of its townships boast the
distinctive production and processing of agricultural and sideline products and have
formed a pattern of “one product of one town” and “one specialty of one village”.
Within the project area, Liushui Town is known for growing watermelon and Zhengji
Town is known for raising ducks and duck-related products processing, whereas
Wangji Town and Nanying Sub-district are known for growing vegetables on a large
scale.
Table 2-3 Employment of the residents of townships (sub-districts)
Employment sectors (%)
Number of
Number of people
Number of people Number of people Farmers’ average
Township engaging in the
rural engaging in working or doing annual net income
(Sub-district) industrial and
employees agricultural business outside (Yuan)
service sectors
production their hometown
locally
locally
Yicheng City 157317 34.84 21.84 43.31 13263
Yancheng 20157 25.41 18.35 56.25 13120
Zhengji 40719 35.00 14.87 50.13 13188
Xiaohe 29468 35.00 20.81 44.19 11685
Liushui 24367 41.77 45.94 12.29 13570
Nanying 21934 35.00 17.58 47.42 11848
Wangji 20672 35.18 16.61 48.21 11089
One third of labor force engages in agricultural production locally, while the
remaining two thirds takes in non-agricultural jobs and their monthly income ranges
from 2,000 Yuan to 3,000 Yuan in general with a weighted average salary of
19
approximately 2,200 Yuan.
Table 2-4 Monthly income of rural migrant workers from the affected area (%)
Below 1,000Yuan 1000-2000 2000-3000 Above 3,000Yuan
Total 6.90 38.23 33.79 21.07
Yancheng 1.83 33.07 52.80 12.31
Zhengji 8.43 41.76 11.82 37.99
Xiaohe 12.04 56.90 21.47 9.59
Liushui 0.00 2.00 8.01 89.98
Nanying 5.11 41.95 45.58 7.35
Wangji 6.43 18.23 69.32 6.01
2.2.3 Economic development of affected villages
The basic information of the villages in the project area shows that villages
whose land is acquired are of typical rural economy and social structure. These
villages in general have no collective economic entities. Rural households in the
villages contract land as their basic means of production. Two thirds of rural people
primarily engage in non-agricultural sectors. Of 18 villages whose land is acquired,
five villages’ cultivated land per person is less than 1 mu, while the remaining 13
villages’ cultivated land per person exceeds 1 mu, with 1.5 mu being the maximum
value.
Table 2-5 Basic information of affected villages
Area of
Current rural
Paddy field cultivated land
Town Village population Dry land (mu)
(mu) per person
(number)
（mu）
Zhengji Town Maocao 2827 1684.87 2217.24 1.38
Heluo 5236 2840.2 4590.19 1.42
Wangji Town Sanzhou 1540 0 2050 1.33
Hanshui 1848 0 1840 1.00
Fangge 584 0 393.2 0.67
Xinguan 763 0 668 0.88
Xinxing 3958 0 4492 1.13
Xiangjiang 1737 0 1082.3 0.62
Xinzhou 508 0 760 1.50
Yancheng
1.21
Sub-district Taiping 353 217.84 207.99
Nanhe 1192 0 1746 1.46
Tannao 2676 0 3702 1.38
Nanying Nanzhou 1342 953 1014 1.47
20
Sub-district
Annao 854 457.29 635.58 1.28
Gongnao 2060 0 1900 0.92
Nanying 3280 1015.78 3131.17 1.26
Guanzhuang 163 77 57 0.82
Wulian 2841 1041.86 2612.08 1.29
2.2.4 Basic information of affected families
To better understand the affected families, PMO organized people to conduct a
random survey of the families affected by land acquisition and house demolition of
the project and has obtained the detailed information of 118 families. Seven
administrative villages (namely Heluo Village, Maocao Village, Wanyang Village,
Tannao Village, Xinxing Village, Xinzhou Village, and Yakou Village) that are greatly
affected by land acquisition and house demolition were surveyed. See table 3-5 for the
basic information of relevant families.
With regard to the surveyed families, number of family members who are at least
6 years old totaled 475. Of 475 family members, 39 are illiterate, accounting for
8.21% of the total; 122 have received primary school education, accounting for
25.68％; 197 have received junior high school education, accounting for 41.47％; 67
have received senior high school education, accounting for 14.11％; 19 have received
vocational school education, technical school education, or vocational high school
education, accounting for 4％; 31 have received higher vocational college education
or above, accounting for 6.53％.
Table 2-6 Basic data of surveyed families
Project Quantity Percentage (%)
households 118
Population 508
Male population 284 55.91
Female population 224 44.09
Educational level (at least six years old)
illiterate/semiliterate 39 8.21
Primary school 122 25.68
Junior middle school 197 41.47
High school/technical secondary school 86 18.11
College or above 31 6.53
Age
0-15 20 16.93
16-59 328 64.57
60+ 94 18.80
Employment of labor force
Population engaging in farming locally 184 56.10
Population serving in non-agricultural sectors locally 33 10.06
Migrant workers 111 33.84
21
Source of family income
Families’ farming incomes on average (Yuan) 78804 63.98
Families’ non-agricultural incomes on average (Yuan) 44364 36.02
Financial conditions of these families were also surveyed. See table 2-7 for
relevant information
Table 2-7 Financial conditions of surveyed families
Project The mean Max. Min.
Family size 4.3 9 1
Area of cultivated land (mu) 14.41 125 0
Family’s total income (Yuan) 123168 1000000 13000
Family’s net income (Yuan) 64201 722200 3000
Household expenditure (Yuan) 67119 277800 10000
Percentage of farming income to 63.98 100 0
family’s total income (%)
It should be noted that the affected families were surveyed by random selection
in the project area. As the majority of local young people work outside their
hometown, the selected individuals for the survey tend to be absent. In this case,
people nearby would be surveyed instead. Therefore, the majority of the surveyed are
those who stay at home and engage in agricultural production. As a result, agricultural
production tends to appear saliently important in the economic activities of the
affected families in general. According to the analysis of survey data, the current
employment and incomes of residents in the area affected by the project are similar to
those in Yicheng’s rural area, where a family’s incomes come primarily from
agricultural production while incomes from non-agricultural activities are increasing.
General information obtained through field surveys serves as reference information
for resettlement for the project. Based on such information, priority can be given to
protecting cultivated land, the affected population’s primary production resources, and
to creating a favorable environment for the development of non-farming activities in
the project area. To this end, the PMO and Yicheng Resettlement Office have
repeatedly consulted with the affected villages along the river and have repeatedly
surveyed the affected area with the design department in an effort to minimize the
land requisitioned for the project by fully using the favorable terrain and resources
along the river and lifting fields to reclaim land on a large scale.
22
3 Social Impact Analysis
3.1 Positive impact
3.1.1 Positive economic impacts
This project is designed to comprehensively tap water resources by forming a
channel in the Han River and generating electricity with the water retained by a dam.
On one hand, from the perspective of financial benefits, the project’s profitability is
largely limited by feed-in tariffs, so the project may not be able to generate profits as
expected and may face the great pressure of debt payment during construction and
operation. On the other hand, as a large public infrastructure construction project, the
Yakou project has huge potential social benefits so that it is conducive to both the
exploitation of high-grade channels in the Han River and the economic growth of the
project area.
A. The Han River is one of the “ten lines of one network” under the layout
scheme for high-grade channels in the Yangtze River. The Han River development
plays an important role in the general layout of inland waterways and ports
nationwide. Since the project was implemented, backwater can be effectively used by
Cuijiaying hydro-junction. Backwater has inundated five beaches in the reservoir area,
increasing the shipping capacity of the river segment 52.67km upstream from the dam
site to 1,000t from 500t. The project has not only saved the cost of upgrading and
maintaining the waterway in this river segment, but it has also laid a foundation on
which a channel between Danjiangkou and Xinglong of the Han River will be formed
and waterways designed for 2020 in the Han River main stream will take shape.
B. Water transport is an environmental-friendly, energy-saving mode of transport.
The energy consumption of water transport on average is about half of that of railway
transport and one tenth of that of road transport. Implementation of the project has
increased the shipping capacity of the Han River waterways, which is conducive to
maximizing the advantages of water transport, including low cost, few land
23
occupation, large transport volume, and low energy consumption. It has also increased
the water transport of coal, mineral materials, and other bulk cargos, largely lowering
energy consumption and effectively reducing emissions of hazardous substances. In
addition, Construction of the Hub may form a 52.67km channel in the Han River,
which creates a favorable environment for building large, standard-type vessels for
shipping in the Han River. When the channel is formed, the general oil consumption
of shipping is expected to decrease by 30%-40%, thus the economic benefit of water
transport will become more salient.
C. Power grid in Xiangyang is at the hub of the power grids in Hubei province
for sending electricity from China’s western region to the eastern region. As the
economic growth gains momentum, both the consumption and shortage of electricity
are increasing. Local power supply has fallen short of meeting the power demand.
The installed capacity and guaranteed capacity of Yakou Power Station are 74.2MW
and 19.0 MW respectively. For years, this power station has been generating
253million kW·h of electricity annually. Close to the centers of electricity
consumption in Xiangyang and Yicheng, the power station can supply power to the
relevant area and will serve to boost the economy and urban development of both
Xiangyang and Yicheng. Moreover, as a hydro power project, the Yakou project is
expected to reduce the use of 80,960 tons of standard coal per year, which equals a
reduction of 212,100 tons of CO2 emissions (or 73,800 tons of carbon emissions) and
a reduction of 690 tons of SO2 emissions. Therefore, the project can help to save
energy and reduce emissions, which is conducive to reducing environmental pollution
and protecting the ecological environment.
D. With regard to agricultural production, when the hub is built, the average
water level of the reservoir segment will rise. The water of the reservoir segment can
flow to irrigate 80,000mu of farmland in Yicheng’s Liushui Town, Zhengji Town,
Yancheng, and Nanying, This has increased the irrigated area and reduced the cost of
carrying water, which serves to develop efficient, economical farming. In addition,
local farmers can make full use of the reservoir to develop large-scale aquaculture as a
way to increase incomes.
24
E. The project can accelerate Yicheng’s urban development, improve the quality
of urban life, and improve the investment climate, which will benefit local residents
and boost the economy of Xiangyang and the area along the upper reaches of the Han
River. When the hub is built, the waterway in the reservoir area will be 2-5km wide
and the water area of the reservoir will reach 12,700ha. The waterway of the reservoir
area joins Cuijiaying hydro-junction, forming beautiful natural scenery. This will
greatly improve the quality of life for residents living along the Han River, boost local
tourism economy and develop supporting industries, forming a green demonstration
zone along the long Han River, where “humans and water coexist harmoniously while
the economy grows without any cost to the ecological environment”.
F. Southern Shaanxi boasts rich water, mineral, and biological resources, while
Hubei Province needs to import iron ore, petroleum, and coal. These two provinces
have huge demand for water transport in the Han River. Construction of Yakou
Shipping Hub has changed the water areas of Xiangyang’s Xingang Yujia Lake and
Yicheng’s port, which is conducive to forming a waterway for shipping between
Wuhan and the northwest of Hubei Province. The Hub serves to increase the shipping
capacity of the waterway for transporting coal from northern China to southern China,
which will help to boost the economy of Xiangyang, Shiyan, southern Shaanxi,
western Henan, and the Yangtze River economic belt in particular.
3.1.2 Positive social impacts
With the project construction, a waterway 52.67km upstream from the dam site
will take shape, which will largely increase the shipping capacity of the relevant area.
As a result, the integrated transport system of the area will be improved, further
expanding and extending the waterway. As the Han River waterway is in low grade,
shipping efficiency has been low and shipping companies in Hubei province has been
less competitive. These companies bear a heavy financial burden and most of their
employees suffer from financial hardships. Construction of Yakou Shipping Hub is
conducive to the development of Hubei’s shipping industry, bringing new hopes to the
25
shipping companies and their employees who suffer from financial hardships.
With regard to maintaining social harmony and stability, the project construction
will create new job opportunities for the residents of Xiangyang and Yicheng, and will
attract migrant workers to return home and participate in the construction. The
completion and operation of the project as well as the development of tourism and
other tertiary industries have brought new sources of incomes to local residents,
enriched their lives, improved local education, culture, and health, and raised the
quality of local residents’ lives.
3.2 Potential impact
（1）Impact on the livelihood of local fishermen
A．Fishing in the Han River segment in Yicheng
According to the statistics (table 3-1) of relevant surveys, the fishery population
in the Han River segment from Yicheng to Xiangyang is 16573. There are only 120
traditional fishermen and account for 0.72% in total fishermen. The population of
fishery workers is 7489 which includes 3381 full-time workers while most of them
(3120) are doing the aquaculture activities. There are also 241 workers who engage in
fishing and only account for 3.22% in total fishery workers. The rest are all part-time
and temporary workers which are 4108 in total and account for 54.83% in total
fishery workers.
According to the social surveys, we also found that there are few full-time
fishery workers in Yicheng. Most people today treat fishery as a sideline business.
The decreasing number of fishermen makes the fishing activities in Han-River are
limited. A large number of labor forces are going out to the other cities for their own
lives while the problem is, the original identities of these people are still fishermen
according to the Chinese household registration system. The registered fishermen can
get the government subsidies during the fishing moratorium. Their fishery residences
are retained and the corresponding changes are not made. According to the random
26
sampling in local people, it found that the fishery income accounts for 5% in total
family income. Some people have already quit the fishing industry and their fishery
income are actually the government subsidies during the fishing moratorium. It makes
the fishery income not the main source of income for these “fishermen” and the actual
impacts of the project construction are mainly reflected in the housing demolition and
resettlement for these people while the impacts on their income and livelihood are
relatively small.
We can set an example of Yakou Village of Liushui Town where the Yakou
project is located, where fishing is an industry formed around old ferry crossings. At
present, there are only 17 households registered as fishing families (registered as
fishery residence). There are 25 registered fishery workers and they all engage in
fishing. According to a survey of Yakou village, none of the villagers who are under
50 engage in fishing; only two villagers remain running ferries while all the other
villagers work outside the village. Since the late 1970s, the number of fish species in
the Han River has been declining, so it is hard for local residents to live on fishing. In
addition, since the late 1970s when the reform in rural China began, job opportunities
in non-agricultural sectors have been increasing for farmers. People in general think
lowly of fishing and fishermen. According to the interview and survey, it found that
the village’s average annual income are 50000-60000 RMB, excluding the richest
family in the village (which the family members got their successful business career
in big city). Most villagers chose to find jobs and seize better employment
opportunities in Liushui, Yicheng, Xiangyang or some other cities. The so called
fishery income for these families are basically the government subsidies during the
fishing moratorium. Indeed, they still get some money from fishing and they called
“pocket money” (they will go fishing or do some fishery activities during their leisure
time to make money for their own daily allowance). It is just a little bit of money for
their family income which can be omitted here.
27
Table 3-1 Fishery population and practitioners in Yicheng (Fishery Annual Report 2015)
Fisher Fishery Fishery Workers
y Population
house Traditi total Full-time workers Part-time Tempor
holds subtotal onal workers ary
(hous Fisher workers
ehold men subtotal fishing Aqu oth subtotal subtotal
) acul ers
ture
1 2 3 4=5+9+1 5=6+7+ 6 7 8 9 10
0 8
Total 5723 16573 120 7489 3381 241 312 20 2658 1450
0
Yancheng 703 2023 15
Xiaohe 658 2607 23
Liuhou 845 1602
Kongwan 263 755
Leihe 252 598
Zhengji 675 1939 33
Liushui 781 2275 25
Banqiao 541 1608
Wangji 195 512
Nanying 429 1450 24
B．Impact of project construction to fishery resources in the Han River
segment in Yicheng
The project is located in the middle reaches of Han River which is 52.67 km
from Cuijiaying in upstream and 446 km from Han River estuary. According to the
environment department’s survey, from 2009-2014, the main fish spawning ground in
Yicheng, Guanjiashan and Zhongxiang have degenerated and disappeared due to the
construction of dam in upper stream. The migratory fishes in Han River have moved
to branches and bends in lower stream. The construction of the project mainly affects
the area from the dam to Cuijiaying and the impacts on the fishery resources in lower
stream are limited.
The impact of project construction to fishery resources in the Han River segment
in Yicheng is as follows:
28
First, after the dam is built, the commercially important fish species that have the
habit of migration in rivers and lakes, including black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus),
grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix),
bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), white Amur bream (Parabramis
pekinensis), and black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis), will be confined to the
Han River waterways or bends downstream from the dam.
Second, after the dam is built, hydrological conditions will be changed. This will
be conducive to the bloom of filamentous algae and Limnoperna lacustris. As a result,
the number of the fish species that feed on the aforesaid organisms is increasing.
Although the quantity of planktons in the river segment downstream from the dam has
slightly increased, it is still small in comparison with the quantity of planktons in
lakes and water reservoirs. Accordingly, the quantity of the fish species that feed on
planktons will decrease.
Third, after the dam is built, spawning sites for the majority of commercially
important fish species (including the species that release viscous eggs in running
water) in the Han River mid-and lower reaches will be disrupted, due to the slowdown
of water flows caused by the dam and reservoir. The eggs released by the aforesaid
fish species tend to drift downstream. As spawning sites in the Han River upper
reaches are close to the reservoir where the flow path is relatively short, the spawn
may flow into the stagnant water of the reservoir, thus the growth of the spawn will be
stunted. At present, disrupted by the hydro-power development projects, new
spawning sites can hardly be formed upstream from the hydro-junction.
Fourth, after the hub is built, the number of fish species that are adaptable to
open water will increase greatly. In the river segment downstream from the dam,
although construction of the dam may disrupt the spawning and growth of
commercially important fish species in the Han River mid-and lower reaches, it is
conducive to the spawning and growth of some fish species. As time passes, the
commercially important fish has gradually become adaptable to the changed
environment and able to spawn, feed, grow, and hibernate in the Han River segment
29
downstream from the dam. The fish have managed to maintain their respective
species.
C． Potential impact of project construction on fishermen living along the
Han River segment in Yicheng
The project will bring both challenges and opportunities to fishermen living
along the mid-and lower reaches of the Han River. The challenges are as follows:
a. A decrease of fishery resources may lead to a decline in the fishing business.
b. Difficulty in fishing may increase.
The opportunities brought by the Yakou project to fishermen are as follows:
a. Development of fishery in the reservoir can create more job opportunities for
fishermen.
b. Fishermen may benefit from the non-agricultural job opportunities created by
project construction.
c. Fishermen hope that local governments and PIU put a large number of fry in
the river after the dam is built so as to reduce their loss.
d. Fishermen hope that local governments put more efforts in promoting the use
of cage nets for fishing so as to reduce their loss.
Cases
Fisherman Mr. Li said, “I find it increasingly difficult to fish now, because both
the quantity of fish and the types of fish species at present is smaller than they were in
the past. The dam construction has disrupted fishing, as the dam has blocked some
fish from swimming upstream. Hopefully, when the dam is built, our government
could put more fry into the reservoir area so that we may rely on fishing to make a
better living. The number of fishermen has been declining recently, because many of
them have chosen to dredge instead. It is preferable that our government could
subsidize fishermen during closed seasons, because we cannot do anything during
these seasons but live off our past gains.”
Fisherman Mr. Zhang said, “I learned that a dam would be built in Yicheng.
Water level was measured the other day. The dam will disrupt fishing, because water
30
level will lower and the quantity of fish will decrease. As a result, earnings will fall ”.
Fisherman Mr. Liu said, “Dam construction will disrupt fishery for sure. After the
dam is built, the water area will widen and the water will deepen too, thus fish will be
scattered and it will be hard to catch fish. Moreover, our boat will appear smaller in
the widened water area, so we will need to replace the current boat with a bigger one
if we remain living off fishing. Building a dam is a good thing. After the dam is built,
our water area will widen, thus we may engage in fish farming.”
Fisherman Mr. Liu said, “Building a dam can be beneficial for sure. I intend to
buy a bigger fishing boat. I can use the boat to carry people across the river or deliver
meals for dam construction workers. In this way, I can run a transportation business
during daytime while fishing at night, thus my livelihood will not be affected by
closed seasons. Fishing is definitely more important to my livelihood, because I’m a
skilled, full-time fisherman. I believe the dam construction will bring more
money-making opportunities to me. After the dam is built, the water area will widen
and the quantity of fish will increase, so it may be easier to fish. Therefore, I will
remain fishing after the dam is built. Hopefully, our government will promote the use
of cage nets for fish farming so that the livelihood of fishermen can be secured.”
(2) Impact on vulnerable groups and the poor
A. Vulnerable groups
Vulnerable group of this project refers to people who are susceptible to harm and
unable to adapt to the changes caused by project construction. The vulnerable group
mainly includes the following people:
● Elderly person without family members: elderly single person over 65 years
old without any legal supporters.
● Single-parent family: the family of which the householder is single with
under-aged children.
● Families that are identified by the civil affairs department to be entitled to
subsistence allowances
● The disabled: people who are restricted in their ability to participate in normal
31
social activities as the healthy people due to a physical or mental impairment.
● Families with other difficulties.
Based on the information provided by villages in the project-affected area, it is
identified that five households at the fishermen's cooperative of Yakou Village fall
under the vulnerable group, totaling ten persons. Of the five households, three are
single women, namely Zheng Shun’e, Yu Youying, and Zheng Shunying. They are
affected by house demolition. The remaining two households consist of three and four
members respectively, with the householders being Mr. Zeng Zhaoyu and Mr. Zheng
Shiguo. These two households are identified by the local relevant authority to be
entitled to subsistence allowances and are affected by house demolition.
B. The poor
According to the statistics provided by Yicheng Poverty Relief Office, Yicheng’s
population was 580,000 in 2015. Based on the poverty line of 3,360Yuan, which
represents the annual income per person, Yicheng has 29 poverty-stricken villages,
accounting for 15.3% of 190 villages in total; in Yicheng, 20,880 people live in
poverty, accounting for 3.6% of the total population.
Of the six towns and villages in the project-affected area, the percentages of the
poor to the total populations are 7.95% and 6% in Liushui Town and Nanying Town
respectively, which are relatively high. Annao Village of Nanying Town and Hanshui
Village and Xinzhou Village of Wangji Town are listed as poor villages and are the
focus of the poverty relief work. In Hanshui Village, no road leading to the outside of
the village has been built. In the three unincorporated villages, tap water remains
inaccessible to the villagers.
Table 3-7 Distribution of the poor people of various towns and villages in the project-affected area (2015)
The
The poor Percentage of the
Town/village Rural population poor(number of
(population) poor (%)
households)
32
Yancheng 50176 516 1195 2.38
Xiaohe 52746 1310 2385 4.52
Liushui 41637 1582 3310 7.95
Wangji 39670 701 1171 2.95
Nanying 41960 1589 2517 6.00
Zhengji 73945 1959 3539 4.79
Total 300134 7657 14117 4.70
Resettlement of vulnerable groups and the poor may entail greater risks for the
following reasons: first, as these groups suffer poor health conditions or are unable to
make a living, they tend to be ignored during resettlement. Second, it is difficult for
these groups to make a living, so house demolition and renovation will undoubtedly
increase pressure on their lives, making them more vulnerable than others. Moreover,
these groups lack the social support from other people, so it is hard for them to
relocate and resettle.
Appendix:
Yicheng municipal government has determined accurate poverty alleviation
plan in accordance with overall poverty alleviation plan of the state and Hubei
Province from 2015. Yicheng municipal government plans to eliminate poverty of
20,880 people in 2017 to 2018. For this, Yicheng has formulated five major measures:
1) Raising the poverty line of 3,360 Yuan in 2015 to 4,140 Yuan and raising the
standard of allowance for population who are guaranteed food, clothing, medical care,
housing and burial expenses (the five-guaranteed people) from 2,900 Yuan to 8,250
Yuan at the same time. 18,500 people living on subsistence allowance and the
five-guaranteed people across Yicheng City can basically get rid of poverty through
this measure. 2) Reforming all of the dangerous houses of residents who are specially
supported by the government through government allowance and on the voluntary
basis and making the house meet grade-AA standard on residential house. 3)
Realizing policy system to financially aid students with economic difficulties and
including the students with economic difficulties in preschool and vocational school
33
into the financial-aid system. Providing training to teachers of school of the
poverty-stricken villages once every year for free and eliminating dangerous
classrooms for schools of the poverty-stricken villages. 4) Implementing the policy of
“getting diagnosed before paying the cost” for the poor, canceling the minimum
payment standard of 500 Yuan for hospitalization. The minimum standard for
reimbursement is reduced from 12,000 Yuan to 8,000 Yuan, with reimbursement ratio
increased by 20%. The reimbursement ratio for serious diseases is increased by 5%.
Basically 100% of cost for hospitalization of the poverty-stricken households can be
reimbursed. 5) Vigorously strengthening rectification on roads, sewer, ditches and
pond in the poverty-stricken villages, reforming and expanding service center for
convenience of people in the poverty-stricken villages and building a village-level
culture plaza and 50KW photovoltaic power station to realize annual income of
50,000 Yuan in each poverty-stricken village.
Under such circumstance, construction of Yakou Shipping Hub Project provides
another opportunity for elimination of poverty within the project area. In accordance
with the socio-economic survey at preparation phase of this project, the following
measures will be taken to assist the poverty alleviation of Yicheng City, especially
providing new development opportunities for the poor within the project-affected
area:
1) PMO and Yicheng Resettlement Office will try best efforts to reclaim land in
areas along Han River that satisfy the field-lifting conditions to maintain and expand
the productive resources for local farmers and provide guarantee for long-term
livelihood of farmers.
2) Employ local laborers in construction period of the project and field-lifting
process and increase remuneration to them. Give priority to laborers from the poor
villages when hiring assistants for construction of the project.
3) When seeking labor services for daily life and purchasing daily necessities
(such as grain and vegetables), PMO and various construction units will give priority
to the local poor people.
4) Yicheng Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security will provide
34
training on working skills to laborers affected by land acquisition free of charge.
5) PMO will arrange construction team and units implementing land reclamation
through field-lifting to maintain and improve local infrastructures, especially road and
irrigation system, at the time of construction and field-lifting; expand countryside
road by combining with construction of the project for Hanshui Village which is not
connected to the outside world by road to improve transportation conditions of this
village.
(3) Impact on women
Women in general are a part of social vulnerable group. According to the survey
of the project-affected area, economic activities and lives of rural women in the
Yakou Shipping Hub Project area are similar to those of typical rural women in
China’s central and western regions. First, women play a primary role in agricultural
production. As a large number of men seek jobs in non-agricultural sectors in cities or
towns, women undertake most farming work. Second, over sixty percent of women
voluntarily choose to stay behind to take care of family and do housework. They
follow the tradition that defines men as breadwinners and women as homemakers to
divide responsibilities between family members. Third, according to relevant
interviews and surveys, priority has almost always been given to male members of a
family when job opportunities are distributed among family members. With a large
population and scarce land resources, job opportunities, especially non-agricultural
job opportunities in rural areas are scarce. When job opportunities are in shortage, 75
percent of the surveyed believe that it is preferable for men to obtain these jobs, while
14 percent of the surveyed disagree.
Project construction affects local women in the following aspects. First, the
permanent and temporary land occupation of the project will disrupt the agricultural
production that women engage in. Second, in case that economic activities are
disrupted by the project, job opportunities will decrease, which will affect the lives of
a small number of women. For example, some service jobs in the restaurants in
Wanyang Village are primarily taken by women. If these restaurants are to be
35
demolished, women working at the restaurants will lose their jobs. Third, in villages
where vegetables are widely grown, vegetables are harvested and packaged mostly by
women. If land acquisition disrupts vegetable production, it will also reduce the job
opportunities for women.
(4) Impact on community organization
According to the survey of the project-affected area, the impoundment of the reservoir
area will be retained by the current Han-River levee when the project is completed.
Most displaced persons will be resettled in areas under the jurisdiction of their
original village committees, so the total population of displaced persons is small and
the areas earmarked for resettlement are not far away. Therefore, the project has no
salient impact on the organization of the communities in the project area.
(5) Impact of construction
The project’s construction area is at the dam site, which involves Yicheng’s two
townships and three villages, namely, Yakou Village of Liushui Town on the right
bank of the Han River, and Heluo Village and Maocao Village of Zhengji Town on
the right bank of the Han River. Excavation, land leveling, material transport, and
construction tend to produce a lot of dust, waste gas, noise, and household garbage,
which may disrupt the daily life of residents nearby and harm their health. Moreover,
construction may disrupt the traffic nearby, causing traffic jams. As markets and
residents’ houses were generally built on both sides of a road, construction may also
pose risks to traffic safety.
During project construction, a large number of workers and relevant staff will
enter the construction area. On one hand, an abrupt influx of a lot of people and
materials will boost the development of local catering and lodging industries, increase
the incomes of local residents, and increase communication between local residents
and people from elsewhere. Moreover, construction of supporting facilities for the
project will also benefit local residents. On the other hand, the construction area is
densely populated, while infrastructure and hygienic conditions in the area are poor. If
health facilities are insufficient and health management system is ineffective, diseases
such as typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatitis, and HIV/AIDs are likely to spread. In
36
addition, An increase of temporary residents poses potential risks to the public
security and social order of the local area.
When the Yakou Shipping Hub Project is started during the second half of year
2016, there are many construction teams go into site. Liushui Town, Zhenji Town and
the Project Management Office should do their best to facilitate the construction and
at the same time, they also need constitute the specific standards to management the
daily work in construction site to keep the construction process safely and efficiently.
According to the results of in-situ monitoring which are provided by third-party
testing agency, only large enterprises has been awarded the tender of the project,
which means they all have tremendous construction management experience with
strict rules and regulations. CHINA GEZHOUBA(GROUP) CORPORATION, as an
example, undertakes construction of the forth section of the project. The company has
set up Engineering Project Department and constitute “Site Management
Regulations” in details. These provisions has been made to clarify the site planning,
site facilities, sanitation management, canteen management, dormitory management,
fire safety and reward and punishment system. Every construction teams have their
own construction sites which works independently and they are not interfere with the
towns nearby. If all the regulations and institutions are implemented strictly, it is
expected that for the adjacent communities, the construction of the project can be
proceeded peacefully without any bothering.
(6) inundated and acquired land and resettlement
According to the survey of the project-affected area, land acquisition for Yakou
Shipping Hub Project entails 53 villages of 8 townships and 99,495.03mu of a
inundated area. Of 99,495.03mu, 71,911.0mu is water area and 27,584.03mu is land
area. The inundated is land retained by the Han River levee. Based on the
classification of land and resources under China’s law, land retained by the Han River
levee is the land earmarked for state-owned water conservancy facilities. However, in
Yicheng, as the area of beaches increases, the beaches along the Han River that
remain dry for years have been developed into cultivated land. These cultivated lands
37
have been included in Hubei Cultivated Land Requisition-Compensation Balance
Plan. In 1990s when the second-round rural land contracting was underway, land-use
rights were contracted to the villagers of the villages along the Han River banks based
on the number of their family members. According to the resettlement survey, the
land of which use rights have been contracted to the villagers covers
14,279.06mu.Yicheng is a prefecture-level agricultural city. A large area of land
inundated will reduce both local land resources and villagers’ incomes from farming;
a large number of houses demolished will increase the burden on those villagers.
（7）Impact on local residents
According to relevant surveys and statistics, the majority of the households in the
project-affected area own cultivated lands. Of these cultivated lands, there are not
only state-owned and collectively-owned lands of which use rights have been
contracted to local households, there are also flood plains that have been contracted to
and reclaimed by local households based on the number of family members. Every
household till 14.41mu of land on average. The surveyed households’ incomes from
farming average 78,804 Yuan; they make money primarily by tilling the
state-owned/collectively-owned land and by reclaiming flood plains. The flood plains
owned by these households will be partly or fully used for project construction, which
may reduce the households’ incomes from farming (accounting for 64% of their total
incomes).
（8）Impact on local ethnic minorities
For the social impact assessment, a random survey of residents in the
project-affected area has been conducted in the form of questionnaire, which involves
431 households and 1,163 people (all of them are Han people). No one from ethnic
minorities have been identified during the survey, so it is safe to say that the project
has no impact on ethnic minorities.
（9）Openness and transparency
Successful implementation of the resettlement plan calls for the participation and
supervision of stakeholders. stakeholders should participate in the entire
38
implementation process, including the release of project-related information and
policies, land reallocation during the implementation of the project, housing
reconstruction, and compensation. Keeping the resettlement process open and
transparent to the public is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the
resettlement plan for the project.
Public participation in the resettlement process may be hindered due to
ineffective channels of feedback and consultation, especially in rural areas. Rural
residents’ participation in the resettlement process tends to be ignored. If the public
fails to participate in the resettlement planning in an open and transparent manner, a
grievance mechanism for the stakeholders, people to be resettled, and affected
residents will fail to be effectively implemented, let alone obtaining the latest
information of the project and resettlement. This will disrupt or defer the successful
implementation of both the project and the resettlement plan.
39
4 Impact on Displaced Persons
4.1 Response to construction suspension order
From July to August of 2015, the design institute led and organized local
governments to conduct a thorough inventory survey of the Yakou Shipping Hub
layout plan and of the plan regarding keeping the hub’s normal impounded water
level at 55.22m. From September to early October of 2015, the organization reviewed,
confirmed, and publicized the survey result.
On October 14th of 2015, Hubei Provincial People’s Government issued the
Notice on Prohibiting New Construction and Immigration in the Area Occupied and
inundated by Han River Yakou Shipping Hub Project (No.206 [2015] of Hubei
Provincial People’s Government). Based on the notice, a deadline of October 14th of
2015 was determined for land acquisition and house demolition for the project.
All of the surveyed know Yakou Shipping Hub Project, and most of them
support the project and believe that they will benefit from the project.
4.2 DMS standard’s Impact on DPs
In the view of villagers in project-affected villages, the Detailed Measurement
Survey (DMS) standard entailed in resettlement is different from the measurement
standard that these villagers are used to. For example, local villagers use “zhang”, a
unit of length (1 zhang =3.3 meters) and “mu”, a unit of area (1mu=1,600m2). Some
villagers do not understand standard units of measurement such as square meters (m2).
The results of measurement using standard units may make the villagers feel that the
actual area of their houses and the result of measurement are different, thus they tend
to believe that their interests are infringed upon. Therefore, surveys of structures to be
demolished shall strictly follow the technical standard of measurement. The results of
40
surveys shall be fully, effectively, and accurately conveyed and explained to local
villagers. This is an effective approach to preventing disputes and conflicts in the
resettlement process.
4.3 Resettlement of displaced households
The project entails demolition of residential structures of a total of 35 households,
of which 17 households live together in a community at Yakou fishermen's
cooperative in Liushui Town where the dam is located and 18 households live in the
reservoir area yet do not live together in a community. In addition, the non-residential
structures of another 37 households are to be demolished. Based on the use of private
structures that are to be demolished, different options of compensation are made
available to the affected people.
4.3.1 Resettlement of displaced residents from fishermen's cooperative of Yakou
Village
According to the result of resettlement surveys, the project entails demolishment
of 17 households living at fishermen's cooperative of Yakou Village in Liushui Town,
totaling 1,574 m2. Relevant details are as follows:
First, the villagers’ housing conditions are poor in general. Built long time ago,
the houses in Yakou village are small and have poor structures. According to the
result of filed surveys, all residential structures of the village’s 17 households were
brick-wood structures built before 1980s. Living space per household averages 93m2.
Living space per person averages 25.8m2, far less than 47.2m2 of the average living
space of Yicheng’s rural residents per person in 2014. Moreover, over 75 percent of
residential structures are either idled or dilapidated. Almost all working-age
population lives away from the village.
Second, in Yakou Village, the villagers’ livelihoods have changed radically.
According to the relevant social survey, the fishermen's cooperative was a busy ferry
41
crossing before 1980s, where local villagers live off fishing and ferry services. They
did not contract any land-use rights. As the traffic conditions of the village’s
surrounding areas had been improved and fishing in the Han River had been banned
from 1980s to 1990s, none of the villagers who are under 50 engage in fishing; only
two villagers remain running ferries while all the other villagers work outside the
village. According to relevant interviews and departments, all residents of the
fishermen's cooperative have participated in the social endowment insurance program
for non-working urban residents. The project’s main impact is house demolition,
which will not disrupt local residents’ livelihoods.
Third, in Yakou village, only a small number of villagers have housing concerns
that need to be addressed. According to the information collected with regard to the
resettlement preferences of 17 households, only two households prefer houses for
resettlement to be built on a new house site. According to interviews with the
villagers, more than ten households have purchased houses in Yicheng’s downtown
area or on the farms in Denglin. Therefore, only four households have housing
concerns that need to be addressed.
The construction of the hub area of Yakou Project has been started in the second
half of 2016, and the dam area is in course of construction now. The fishermen's
cooperative of Yakou Village located in left bank of dam area which is affected by
construction of hub area directly, has been relocated before March, 2017.
According to the results of in-situ monitoring which are provided by third-party
testing agency, Liushui Village offered monetary compensation and houses rebuilding
as two resettlement plans for 191 households affected by the project which they can
choose freely. Among 19 households, most family members choose to go to work or
do business outside of town many of them have been away from rural home for many
years and bought new house in where they work. What else, there are many second
1
Compared with the number of general survey before the project, the actual number of relocated households are 19
during the resettlement implementation. Because among the original 17 households in general survey, there are
two households are taken into account separately which makes the two more households in actual number. But it
makes no differences.
42
hand houses with extreme low price after the relocation of Xiangnan Prison. So there
are no families and residents choose to rebuild their houses on rural house site as the
resettlement compensation. They all choose monetary compensation and buy the new
house by themselves.
According to the results which are provided by staff from third-party testing
agency, the monetary compensation has been paid in place for 19 households affected
by the project. Various compensation agreements have been signed and compensation
funds have been received by every family, all the funds will be transferred into the
bank card of 19 relocated households accurately and directly by the resettlement
offices of towns. There are 9 families live in the rural home among the 19 relocated
households while most of them go outside of town to work or do business, and many
of them have bought new houses in Yicheng, Xiyang or somewhere else. So the
resettlement of the project changes nothing for their daily life. For the 9 families
which live in the rural home, all of them have bought the satisfied second hand houses
with the monetary compensation after the relocation of Xiangnan Prison, and they
benefit from lower price, more bigger space, better structure and improved living
condition.
Cases:
Denglin Farm is about 500-1000 meters far from Yakou Shipping Hub Project,
which was a state-owned farm operated by Xiangnan Prison. The relocation of the
farm has been started at the beginning of 2015 and there are a lot of second hand
houses because of moving out of farm staff. These houses are mainly frame and
masonry-concrete structure, and they are far more better than the houses in the
fisherman's cooperative of Yakou Village with better quality of construction, more
bigger space, satisfied sanitary environment, convenient transportation. There is a
large number of houses left, after the relocation of the farm, which makes the price of
these houses are extremely low, and the resettled residents from fisherman's
cooperative of Yakou Village can benefit from it.
43
Relocated household 1
Zhaoyu Zeng, lived in a despaired masonry-timber structure house of 57 square
meters with his wife. He got 80000 yuan as monetary compensation in total this time,
which includes the premises compensation of 61000 yuan and homestead
compensation of 19000 yuan. Then, Mr Zeng spent 27000 yuan to buy a
masonry-concrete structure house with 59 square meters in Denglin Farm. He also
spent 1000 yuan to decorate three doors in new house, which makes his total
consumption for the new house is 28000 yuan with 475 yuan per square.In other
words, compared with his old house, Mr Zeng got a better one with the same size and
improved housing structure, and he also got more than 50000 yuan as his family
deposit at the same time.
Relocated household 2
Liecheng Wang, lived in the house with construction area of 128 square meters
with his son, Junbo Wang. He got the premises compensation of 123,000 yuan, and
homestead compensation over 20,000 yuan. Then, Mr wang spent about 60,000 yuan
to buy a new house with 140 square meters in Denglin Farm which is fully furnitured.
Every square of house costs him 430 yuan, so he even bought a second one for his son
latter with 120 square meters because of the low price of houses.
Table 4-1 Statistics of resettlement houses in Yakou hub project area
Construction Compensation Compensation
NO. Name of Householder House Area
Structure Standard (Yuan)
Brick-wood
65.72 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 46004
(Main House)
1 Guangying Zeng Brick-wood
26.48 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6355
(Wing Room)
attachments 3230
Brick-wood
54.39 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 38073
(Main House)
Brick-wood 22.8 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 5472
2 Youying Yu
Simple
5.16 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 774
structure
attachments 2910
Brick-wood
58.71 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 41097
(Main House)
3 Pinde Zheng Brick-wood
25.62 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6149
(Wing Room)
Simple 10.56 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 1584
44
structure
attachments 14983
Brick-wood
59.7 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 41790
(Main House)
4 Shixiang Zheng Brick-wood 11.9 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 3142
attachments 6240
Brick-wood
57.5 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 40250
(Main House)
Brick-wood
28.52 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6845
5 Zhaoyu Zeng (Wing Room)
Brick-wood 22.2 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6394
Brick-wood 8.7 ㎡ 380 yuan/㎡ 1488
attachments 6201
Brick-wood
63.8 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 44660
(Main House)
6 Pilan Han Brick-wood 14.76 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 3897
attachments 500
Brick-wood
54.76 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 38332
(Main House)
7 Fengge Zheng Brick-wood 15 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 3960
Brick-wood 6.6 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 1742
attachments 3587
Brick-wood
26.8 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 18760
(Main House)
Brick-wood 7.65 ㎡ 380 yuan/㎡ 1308
Simple
8 Liecheng Wang 47.53 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 7130
structure
Simple
6.46 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 969
structure
attachments 3891
Brick-wood
70.84 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 49588
9 Shigui Zheng (Main House)
attachments 1916
Brick-wood
99.33 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 69531
(Main House)
10 Shizhao Zheng Brick-wood 33.3 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 7992
attachments 5503
Brick-wood
61.92 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 43344
(Main House)
Brick-wood 28.16 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6758
11 Shunying Zheng
Simple
2.88 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 432
structure
attachments 30
Brick-wood
57.91 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 40537
(Main House)
Brick-wood
27.8 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 6672
12 Shiyun Zheng (Wing Room)
Simple
7.27 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 1091
structure
attachments 1113
Brick-wood
13 Shihua Zheng 60.9 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 42630
(Main House)
45
Brick-wood
40.6 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 28420
(Main House)
14 Daixin Zheng Brick-wood 24.68 ㎡ 430 yuan/㎡ 4776
attachments 690
Brick-wood
77.94 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 54558
(Main House)
Brick-wood 22.84 ㎡ 430 yuan/㎡ 5482
15 Daigang Zheng
Simple
3.5 ㎡ 150 yuan/㎡ 525
structure
attachments 1762
Brick-wood
67.25 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 47075
(Main House)
16 Shiguo Zheng Brick-wood
23.48 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 5635
(Wing Room)
attachments 5842
Brick-wood
15.8 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 11060
(Main House)
17 Shune Zheng Brick-wood 5.97 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 1433
attachments 400
Brick-wood
93.25 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 65275
Junbo Wang (Main House)
18 Brick-wood 35.47 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 9364
Junyuan Wang
attachments 6408
Brick-wood
67.73 ㎡ 700 yuan/㎡ 47411
(Main House)
19 Changhua Long Brick-wood
35.53 ㎡ 480 yuan/㎡ 8527
(Wing Room)
attachments 200
Table 4-2 Resettlement Conditions of Relocated Families
Living Conditions of Resettlement Conditions
NO. Name of Householder
Demolished Houses
Inhabited Buying house near the
1 GuangYing Zeng
farm
2 Youying Yu Uninhabited Monetary compensation
3 Pinde Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
4 Shixiang Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
Inhabited Buying house near the
5 Zhaoyu Zeng
farm
6 Pilan Han Uninhabited Monetary compensation
7 Fengge Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
Inhabited Buying house near the
8 Liecheng Wang
farm
9 Shigui Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
Inhabited Buying house near the
10 Shizhao Zheng
farm
11 Shunying Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
12 Shiyun Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
Inhabited Buying house near the
13 Daihua Zheng
farm
14 Daixin Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
15 Daigang Zheng Inhabited Buying house near the
46
farm
16 Shiguo Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
17 Shune Zheng Uninhabited Monetary compensation
Inhabited Buying house near the
18 Junbo Wang
farm
Inhabited Buying house near the
19 Changhua Long
farm
4.3.2 Compensation and rehabilitation for displaced households in the reservoir
area
According to the result of the resettlement survey, the households in the Yakou
Fisherman's cooperative that are to be relocated live in a compact community,
whereas other households in the inundated reservoir area that are to be relocated do
not live in a compact community. According to the survey and interview of the
households that do not live in a compact community, they have different needs. For
the families who have more than one dwellings and have no intention to move into
any resettlement houses, they prefer cash compensation. For the families who have
only one dwelling that is to be demolished, they hope that their respective village
committees allocate new, proper house sites to them so that they can have
resettlement houses built on the sites. In this case, the formalities that these families
go through for building resettlement houses shall be free of charge.
4.3.3 Resettlement and compensation for non-residential structures
According to the resettlement survey, most of the non-residential structures that
are to be demolished for the project are located in two villages: Heluo Village and
Wanyang Village. The non-residential structures in Helu Village are auxiliary rooms
for production; the non-residential structures in Wanyang Village are facilities for
fishing tourism under the bridgehead of the Han River bridge in Yicheng.
The structures in Heluo Village are used as forest protection offices, cowsheds,
storage rooms for means of production, etc. The structures are built primarily for
production. After the reservoir is built and land is reclaimed, the structures are no
longer necessary. The villagers concerned prefer that these structures are compensated
in cash in accordance with the compensation standard II issued by Yicheng Price
47
Bureau and relevant other authorities.
For villagers in Wanyang Village who run the fishing tourism business, the
demolition of buildings used for fishing tourism may take a toll on the business.
These commercial buildings are in an area where Wanyang villagers have been living
and working for a long time. Because some villagers notice that the area tends to be
free of flood and they see the unique advantages for running the catering business in
the area, and because the area is so remote that relevant authorities are unable to
supervise it, the villagers constructed the buildings by themselves. In the years when
there are no floods, business tends to be busy in summer. Wanyang villagers believe
that as these buildings have never been applied for approval, they are satisfied that
these buildings are compensated at their replacement prices. However, when the
reservoir is built, these villagers still hope that they can run service businesses such as
fishing tourism near their home.
4.4 Resettlement and rehabilitation of PAPs
The biggest impact brought by the project is the loss of productive resources for
residents along the Han River. According to the statistics of preliminary investigation
conducted by the project design department, suppose the normal water level is 55.22
meters, then the area of cultivated land inundated will be 13,800.01 mu. This is a
pretty large amount. The affected residents hope proper measures can be taken to
minimize land losses while the requirements of project construction are met.
From socio-economic survey, we learned that the cultivated lands of residents
along the Han River embankment are located outside of the dike. The land-use rights
of gradually reclaimed flood plains are generally contracted to local households based
on the number of family members. Every family member has a share of the flood
plain. Over the past 10 years, as growing economic crops and vegetables become
increasingly popular, land circulation has increased. A sampling survey conducted in
Heluo Village, Maocao Village and Xinzhou Village showed that almost half of the
flood plain has been transferred at a price ranging from 400Yuan (for growing
48
vegetables and grains) to 2,000 Yuan (for growing Ophiopogon japonicus and
Chinese yam) per mu per year. The affected residents have the following concerns:
how to ensure that affected households re-obtain land resources as many as possible;
how to ensure that the land loss caused by land acquisition is minimized for every
affected household; how to ensure that re-obtained cultivated land can meet the
farming needs of local farmers; and how to properly compensate for the land loss
caused by land acquisition.
4.5 Compensation and rehabilitation of affected enterprises
Two enterprises are affected by the project: one is Huafeng Shipbuilding Co Ltd
in Yicheng City, and the other is Xiangyang Yonghongji Concrete Co Ltd (Yicheng
branch). According to field surveys and communication with persons in charge of the
enterprises, impoundment of the reservoir will impact some of the production
processes and sites of the two enterprises. However, the normal operation of the two
enterprises will not be disrupted. For Huafeng Shipbuilding Co Ltd, the measures
planned is to elevate the shipbuilding and ship-repair sites. For Yonghongji Concrete
Co Ltd (Yicheng branch), the measures planned is to adjust the sandstone-transporting
equipment based on the change of water levels. Therefore, compensation for the two
enterprises will be paid in cash; production will be independently organized and
adjusted by the enterprises .
4.6 Compensation and rehabilitation of affected specialized
facilities
4.6.1 Rehabilitation of wharf
Niping Wharf, affected by the project, is located upstream from the Han River
Bridge in Yicheng (right bank of the Han River). Yaowan Bulk-Cargo Wharf, also
affected by the project, is located downstream from the Han River Bridge in Yicheng
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(right bank of the Han River). Both wharfs are 500t berths. As the inundated area is
deep, in-situ protection and elevation treatment had no effect. According to the
unified planning of Yicheng City, Niping Wharf and Yaowan Wharf will be relocated
to the two berthing areas reserved in Xiaohe Port Area. Two additional berths with
each being 1,000t will be built.
Pingzhan Jiehe Wharf is also affected by the project. It is a simple 500 DWT
berth with ramp. It can be restored nearby after water is impounded.
4.6.2 Rehabilitation of pumping stations
Ten small pumping stations, including 8 irrigation pumping stations and 2 water
pumping stations, will be inundated when the reservoir fills up. According to field
surveys and the agreement reached between the users of relevant facilities, these
pumping stations can be rebuilt in-place by raising the installation elevation for water
pumps and motors.
4.6.3 Rehabilitation of sluice gates
When the reservoir fills up, the Han River water level will rise, as a result of
which, the sluice gates will be permanently inundated. The original drainage system
will no longer be able to work. The original sluice gates will either be closed or
transformed into pump stations. The treatment measures for sluice gates will be
decided based on the needs of flood drainage.
4.6.4 Rehabilitation of other specialized facilities
The owners of other specialized facilities affected by the project, such as the
storage yard along the Han River, pump ports, tractor roads, and ferry piers, generally
hope that their facilities can be rebuilt or restored in-place before the project is
completed. In case that those facilities cannot be restored in-place or need to rebuilt
elsewhere, the owners hope that the PIU can compensate them.
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4.7 Resettlement of vulnerable groups
For vulnerable households identified during the resettlement survey, PMO will
take special measures to provide them with necessary support during the
implementation of the project. The various supports will also be provided to the
families which are influenced by project’s resettlement plan badly.
Cases:
In Heluo Village and Maocao Village, the village committee has collected the
profiles of poverty households and assigned village cadres are appointed to every
poverty family to provide supports from different ways, such as monetary
compensation, technical assistance, employment information and basic living
allowances. The goal of the village is to lift these families out of poverty before 2020.
In Yakou Fishery Village, Liushui Town, the poverty families are resettled
properly by the village committee and every level of resettlement departments based
on the specific conditions. For example, the minimum living allowance has been
offered to Mr and Mrs Zeng to ensure their basic daily life with considered their elder
age. With the assistance from relevant departments in Yicheng, Mr Shigui Zhao has
been offered a job in Yicheng by the village committee to improve the family income
and living condition. Because he gets a disabled family member.
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5 Project Impact on Local Residents
5.1 Land resources
As shown by survey data, most residents in project affected area own land
resources to varying degrees. The smallest area of cultivated land owned by these
households is 0.5 mu, and the largest is 125 mu, for an average of 14.41 mu of
cultivated land per household. The cultivated land mainly consists of two components,
state or collective-owned land, and river beaches. Most cultivated land owned by the
surveyed households had been assigned to them by the village collectives as
“contracted land”, “reserved land” or “sustenance land”. Buying and selling of land
rights is common.
5.2 Production and businesses of local residents
The survey data shows that the business models of most households in project
affected area are: household contracted management of rural land accounts for 89%;
self-employed businesses account for 6%; contracted management of businesses as
individuals accounts for 4%; the remaining 1% utilize other models. The types of
businesses include: food crop cultivation accounts for 42.29%; other cultivation
(vegetables and orchards) accounts for 36.82%; households whose main businesses
are forestry account for 18.89%; the remaining 2% generally work in transportation,
construction, commerce, and services.
Randomized interviews in the area showed that while most local households live
by agricultural production, it is typical for one household to conduct several different
productions, with clear role delineation between family members. Some members
mainly do farm work, cultivating wheat, barley, rapeseed, peanut, cotton, sesame and
vegatables, in addition to tending livestocks such as chicken, ducks, pigs, sheep and
cows. Other family members work in non-agricultural businesses as workers or
merchants at home or away from hometown.
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5.3 Labor distribution of local residents
Survey data shows that in project affected area, 6.7% of surveyed residents spend
less than 3 months each year on agricultural labor; another 6.7% spend about 5
months on agricultural labor; 67% work full year on agricultural labor; 19.6% are
unknown. On average, the surveyed residents spend 272 days each year on
agricultural labor, and 120 days on non-agricultural labor.
For villagers, a significant portion of their time is spent as migrant workers.
Many households have members who work away from hometown as workers or
merchants, and their work constitute an important part of their family economies.
Each surveyed family has at least one person who had left hometown for work last
year. The shortest duration of away work is 45 days, and the longest is 220 days, i.e.
spending almost the whole year away, for an average duration of 130 days. The main
destinations of migrant workers are the cities of Xiangyang, Wuhan, Shenzhen and
Shanghai, the provinces of Guangdong and Zhejiang, and neighboring cities. The
occupations of migrant workers are mostly in construction, odd jobs, garment
manufacturing, decoration, transportation, catering, and services.
5.4 Income of local residents
Survey data shows that the lowest total income among surveyed households in
2015 is 13000 Yuan, and the highest is 1,000,000 Yuan, for an average of 123168
Yuan. After deducting the production costs in 2015 (fixed assets and other
expenditures for production), the lowest net income is 3000 Yuan, and the highest is
722,200 Yuan, for an average net income of 642,010 Yuan, and an average net
income of 11,069 Yuan. The average incomes per household of the surveyed
households in the villages are respectively: Heluo Village: 60,250 Yuan, Maocao
Village: 45,398 Yuan, Wanyang Village: 94500 Yuan, Tannao Village: 40,150 Yuan,
Xinxing Village: 42,350 Yuan, Xinzhou Village: 79,712 Yuan, and Yakou Village:
17,000 Yuan.
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Structure-wise, the surveyed households have an average agricultural income of
78,804 Yuan per household, accounting for 64% of all revenue, and an average
non-agricultural income of 44,364 Yuan, accounting for 36%.
In general, agriculture remains the main livelihood of the surveyed families, but
its importance has been on decline. For some households, agriculture has already
stopped being their main income source.
5.5 Impact of land occupancy on household income
5.5.1 Impact of land occupancy
Survey data shows that 76% of surveyed households will have their land
occupied by the project, 9.3% will also be required to resettle, and 11.8% will not be
directly impacted (their land will not be occupied, nor will they need to move). 76%
of all surveyed households will have the land they are cultivating affected by the
project.
95.76% of surveyed households own cultivated land of varying sizes, which
consists of state or collective land assigned to households on contract, and river
beaches within the levee reclaimed over the years, assigned to either families or
individuals on contract. On average a household cultivates 14.41 mu of land. These
households have an average agriculture income of 78804 Yuan, obtained mostly by
cultivating the state or collective land or reclaiming river beaches. We can see that
85.3% of surveyed households will have their river beaches occupied by the Yakou
project, directly affecting their agricultural income.
5.5.2 Impact of land occupancy on a typical household and its income
Case study:
Luo (female), of Heluo Village, Zhengji Town: Luo, 53 years old, of Han
ethnicity, elementary school education, does agricultural work at home. Her spouse is
62, of junior middle school education, and retired. Luo now resides with her son and
daughter-in-law. Her son is 28, of senior middle school education, currently a migrant
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worker in Yicheng city, with rural household registration status. Her daughter-in-law
is 23, of junior middle school education, worked as a migrant worker before marriage,
and is currently a helping hand and carer of their child at home.
The Luo family has 3.5 mu of cultivated land, of which 1.6 mu is contracted land,
and 1.9 mu is reclaimed beaches. They cultivated rice, vegetables and cotton last year,
selling most of their produce at markets of Yicheng, for a profit of 3000 Yuan. They
also raised 4 pigs, each about 100 kg in weight, sold for about 4000 Yuan. Luo’s
spouse has a pension of 600 to 700 Yuan each month; their son also sends back home
over 300 Yuan each month, both adding up to a wage income of about 12000 Yuan
each year. Their total income for 2015 is about 21000 Yuan.
Wang (female), of Xinzhou Village, Wangji Town: Wang is 37 years old, of
Han ethnicity, junior middle school education, currently running a roadside grocery,
earning a few hundred Yuan every day. Her spouse is 40, of junior middle school
education, previously worked in a factory in Xiangyang, and now works at home in
the field after the factory was closed down. Their son is 17, now a senior middle
school student in Yicheng. Also living with them are the family of Wang’s little sister,
which is a nuclear family. Wang’s little sister and her husband used to work in
Yicheng. Wang’s current house is over 200 m2 large with 6 rooms, which has become
crowded with 8 residents since her sister’s family moved in. Wang’s biggest hope is
for their house to be requisited by the project, so that the two families can each live in
their own houses using the land compensation money.
The Wang family has 0.6 mu land. “The land is now cultivated by my parents for
rice. The rice is for our own food. This is contracted land assigned by the village. We
don’t pay taxes. Taxes are paid by the village collective using income from the village
feed plant. We also have a half mu of reclaimed land, planted with Chinese cabbage,
radish, garlic and cowpea. They are for our own food. We sell the rest of vegetables
we can’t eat, but only get dozens of Yuan in return.” In Wang’s plan, if her son cannot
enter a college after graduating from high school, he can become a taxi driver in
Yicheng or Xiangyang, earning a few thousand Yuan each month.
Li (female), Nanhe Village, Yancheng District: Li is 35 years old, of Han
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ethnicity, and vocational middle school education. Her spouse is 36, of senior middle
school education. Their household also consists of their five-year old child, and her
parents-in-law, for a total of 5 members. The family depends on the income of Li and
her husband as migrant workers, while their over 1 mu of land is cultivated by her
parents-in-law. The land consists of 0.2 mu of contracted land, 0.2 mu of sustenance
land, 0.3 mu of reclaimed land, and 0.5 mu of purchased land. Last year they used
0.2~0.3 mu to plant about a dozen vegetables, including rapeseed and cowpea. These
vegetables are not sufficient for their own use, requiring them to buy more. Another
0.2~0.3 mu is used to plant rice. The remaining less than 1 mu is used to plant peanuts,
for making their own cooking oil. All their produce have been used up as their own
food, rather than becoming their income. Their income last year is over 20000 Yuan;
the produce of their land should equal about 2000 Yuan.
Liu (male), Wanyang Village, Lanying Sub-district: Liu is 60 years old, of
Han ethnicity, and senior middle school education. His wife is 63, without formal
education. Both work in the field at home. “We live together with our youngest son.
He is 30 this year, graduated junior middle school. He is a tradesman in Yicheng. Our
daughter-in-law is 28, also of junior middle school education, working together with
our son. We have a young grandson.” They have 34.8 mu of land, of which 4.8 mu is
contracted land, and 30 mu is reclaimed beaches. They harvested more than 500 kg of
wheat last year, all used as their own food; over 2500 kg of peanuts, sold in a market
nearby; over 2000 kg of rapeseed, which can be made into over 500 kg of oil, earning
them over 4000 Yuan; they also harvested over 200 kg of cotton, sold for over 1000
Yuan. They have raised a few pigs, and can earn over 700 Yuan of profit each pig.
Their son and daughter-in-law’s business earns 2000~3000 Yuan each month. Their
expenditure last year consists of: food 6000 Yuan, clothes 1000 Yuan, medical care
1200 Yuan, socialization 500 Yuan, water, power and the rest 300 Yuan, for a total of
9000 Yuan. The Yakou Project does not require us to move, but their land outside the
levee will be inundated, so we will still be greatly affected. They support building the
dam, but also hope the government can give us a fair compensation.
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6 Project Impact on Gender
6.1 State of women development in project affected area
The socio-economic survey on women in project affected area was conducted
using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and special discussion meetings. The survey
covered 1163 persons in 431 households, including 713 labor-capable women,
accounting for 61.29% of the sample; 70% of the sample are over 35 years in age. It is
known that all residents in the reservoir area are of Han ethnicity, hence so are all
survey participants.
(1) Education
The survey finds that women in the area generally has received less education
than the men. The ratios of illiteracy/semi-illiteracy, elementary school, junior middle
school, and senior middle school educations among women are respectively 15.24%,
26.00%, 39.01% and 21.07%, all lower than men, among which the ratios are 38.94%,
69.47%, 39.29%, and 25.26%. The men are in overall better educated than the
women.
(2) Labor division
The survey finds that women in the area generally participate in socio-economic
activities with equal frequency as their male counterparts, and the difference lies in
their division of labor.
First, women play more important roles in agricultural production. As the
majority of male workers flow toward non-agricultural industries in cities and rural
regions, women have shouldered most agricultural tasks.
Second, most women who stay at home to take care of their family and do
agricultural work are out of their own volition. They are almost all motivated by
consideration of their family income, and their evaluation of their husbands’
capabilities. Women who stay at home generally believe their husbands can make
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more money working away from home, while the wives can give better care to
children and the elderly if they stay at home.
Third, the distribution of work opportunities generally prioritize men. There are
comparatively fewer work opportunities in rural regions, especially non-agricultural
ones. Given the small number of opportunities, 75% of the surveyed residents believe
they should be given to men as much as possible, while 14% disagree. We found that
increasingly more women are willing to leave their rural home to work or do
businesses, or do non-agricultural jobs in rural regions. These travels tend to expand
their knowledge of society, and increase their willingness to make choices for
themselves. Nonetheless, the men generally have more opportunities for
non-agricultural work, and the opportunities tend to favor men.
(3) Labor and income
The survey finds that most women have received less education, and do not have
notable skills. These factors have hindered the increase of their income. Their income
source includes local agricultural and non-agricultural production, as well as
short-term work away from home. Both the wives and husbands contribute to the
family income, but the villagers’ perception mostly favors the party that brings in
more monetary values. On the other hand, the women’s unpaid housework, such as
caring for the elderly and children, laundry and cooking are generally not considered a
source of income.
(4) Women’s standings in marriage
The survey finds that the women in the area have greater autonomity in choosing
their partners compared to the past. Their parents now do not determine who they
should marry, and only provides suggestions. There are generally three models of
dating and marriage. First, dating without intermediaries before marriage. This often
happens between migrant workers. Second, a couple are introduced to each other via
an intermediary, but make their own decisions on dating and marriage. This is fairly
common in the area. Third, a couple already know each other, but need to confirm
their dating/marriage relationship through an intermediary. Sometimes young men
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and women get to know each other at school or at work, and have intermediaries help
send their messages about dating/marriage.
There are four models of residency after marriage. First, the wife lives with the
husband alone. This model is increasingly adopted. Second, the wife lives with her
parents-in-law for a short period, then separate from them to live with her husband
and child as a nuclear family. This is the most common model. Third, the wife lives
with her parents-in-law. One third of women live this way after marriage. Fourth, the
wife lives together with her own parents. Due to reasons such as crowdedness or the
need to care for the elderly, the woman lives with her husband with her own family.
These models allow the young women much autonomy after marriage.
(5) Women’s standings in families
The survey finds the distribution of rights in families in a state of transition
toward greater equality, in terms of control over familial properties, management of
income, and decisions on consumption.
First, the importance of women in property management is increasing. The
survey shows that in 24.5% of families, the couple manages their belongings together;
in 4.2% of families all properties are completely managed by the wife.
Second, in most families, decisions on production and division of labor are made
by the couples together. The survey shows in 40.6% of surveyed households,
decisions are made together regarding work and division of labor.
Third, purchase of expensive commodity and means of production is generally
decided by the couple together, but in many cases the man’s opinion prevails. Men’s
opinions are particularly important when it comes to decisions on investments and
loans.
6.2 Project impact on local women
6.2.1 Potential impact on women’s economic participation
The project may have both negative and positive impact on women’s economic
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participation. There are three main effects.
First, the project may decrease the women’s roles in agricultural production. The
project’s occupation of cultivated land will affect 76% of surveyed households. Their
agricultural income, accounting for 64% of their total income, will be reduced or
eliminated. As the women are the main contributors of agricultural income, the
decrease of land will reduce their contribution to their households.
Second, the project may affect the women’s contributions in commerce and
services.
Case:
Some residents of Wanyang Village, Nanying Sub-district live by running
restaurants on the Yangtze River bank. Most restaurants are run by women, and the
land acquisition will affect their employment. A typical case is Hu (female, 43, senior
middle school, Han ethnicity). She said: We have been running the restaurant for 4 to
5 years. We opened it without a license, and nobody cared about it. We pay taxes once
each year, at 700~800 Yuan. There aren’t any other taxes. The restaurant was
managed only by me; my husband has been helping me since he become unemployed.
The restaurant is also my home, and just building the house cost us over 10,000 Yuan.
With the dam being built, I heard all these restaurants will be demolished. Our lives
depend on the restaurant, so we will be greatly affected without it. It is run by just my
husband and me. We cook by ourselves, and have hired two girls as waitresses, each
for 150 Yuan one month. They are both local Yicheng residents. They just help us
serve the dishes, wash the dishes, mop the floor, and so on. We never did any special
decoration. It’s just a cement floor and white walls, 130 m2. Removing our two bed
rooms, our floor area for business should be 200 m2. I think for the compensation, the
floor areas for living and for business should be calculated separately, and the rate for
business should be higher. My advantage is we are near to both the river and the road.
We have many customers, and never worried about our business.
Third, the project may also bring opportunities for non-agricultural activities to
the women. 45% of the surveyed women believe the project will give them
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opportunities, mainly because of non-agricultural activities. These take the form of:
opportunities from the project itself; the resettlement houses may be close to roads or
other passages of transportation, and residents can use the location advantages to do
commerce or provide services; the compensations can be used as the initial
investment for non-agricultural activities, creating employment opportunities; women
can be freed from the heavy work of agricultural production, becoming labor force for
non-agricultural activities.
Case:
Zhu (female, 38, junior middle school, Han ethnicity) of Yakou Village, Liushui
Town said: I’m absolutely supportive to the dam project. The problem is that moving
is a bit troublesome for us. But it will be good if the government can move us to the
town. I haven’t thought that much about other benefits. Just thinking about buying a
truck. Most people in my village are considering that, buying a truck to transport
rocks for the project. It also will be good if they can develop tourism here, so I can
open a shop, or be a guide. The project will benefit us women, because women are
good at these jobs. The way I’m thinking, when the project begins, I will first build a
house using the compensation. If I have any left, I’ll buy a truck; if that’s not enough,
I’ll borrow some. A new truck costs 70,000 to 80,000 Yuan, an old truck 20,000. They
say the dam will take five years. There must be many jobs.
Hu (female, 41, senior middle school, Han ethnicity) of Wanyang Village,
Nanying Sub-district said: My restaurant will be demolished. This definitely will
affect our income. But on the other hand, I can use the compensation to build a new
house by roadside, open a new restaurant. Building the dam will need transportation. I
want to use the remaining money to buy a truck. When we hear about the dam, most
families plan to buy trucks, because the project will last five years, and we’ll never
run out of business during the five years. There is no down side to the dam. It will
give our village lots of businesses.
The project does not affect women’s economic activities in any way other than
the three discussed above.
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6.2.2 Project impact on women’s education and marriage
Analysis of survey data shows that the project does not have any impact on
women’s education and marriage.
6.2.3 Women’s attitudes on the project and its impact
First, most surveyed women are cooperative on the government’s Yakou
Shipping Hub project. 83% of the surveyed women said they are willing to cooperate,
9.3% did not express their opinion clearly, and only 8.5% said they are unwilling.
Second, most of surveyed women are willing to resettle. When asked “do you
accept resettlement if required by Yakou Shipping Hub project”, 60.2% of surveyed
women chose accept, and 30.5% said they can cooperate if given fair compensation.
Third, the women hope the compensation can be monetary, supplemented by
other methods. When asked about “if Yakou Shipping Hub project needs to occupy
your farmland, what form of compensation do you hope to receive,” 64.4% of women
hope to have monetary compensation, 7.6% hope to be compensated by land or jobs,
and 0.8% hope to have a combination of monetary, land or other methods. Below are
some cases of people wishing for monetary compensation.
Case:
He (female, 55, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Heluo Village, Zhengji
Town said: My family owns 5 mu land, all river beaches. We reclaimed 0.2 mu by
ourselves. Now they are building a dam, so we must cooperate. Our 5 mu land may all
be occupied. We hope the government can pay us back some money. If they don’t pay
enough, we will appeal to the government.
Luo (female, 70, illiterate, Han ethnicity) of Heluo Village, Zhengji Town said: I
know a dam will be built here. The geological survey team had already been here. I
have my own land, and my eldest son has given me his. We have more than 2 mu in
the vegetable field and the beaches. The vegetable field is 1.5 mu. I do farm work
myself. If there’s anything I can’t do, I’ll ask my sons to come back and help. I’m too
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old to work on the beaches, so my cousin is using it. I think my life has been OK. I
planted vegetables on my 1.5 mu land, mostly for myself. I can sell what I can’t eat
too. 800 Yuan is enough to pay for seeds and fertilizers each year. I sell the vegetables
directly at the Yicheng market, and can earn over 7000 Yuan each year. The land is
enough for me to live. The dam will occupy all of my beach land. We can only
support our country’s needs, but we shouldn’t be given the short charge. I don’t know
much about the standards for compensation, I just hope it to be fair. The government
should also take care of us old villagers, better giving us more support.
Fourth, the women hope the beach land can be properly compensated. The
standards and policies regarding normal cultivated land are clear, and the women do
not have much worry about them, compared to the reclaimed beaches. During
interviews, they had all expressed the hope that the beaches they spent years working
on can be compensated, in a fair manner for a good amount of money.
Case:
Luo (female, 42, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Heluo Village, Zhengji
Town said: My family has 4 mu of land, and 3.2 mu is divided to the members, each
person 0.8 mu. We reclaimed the 0.8 mu ourselves. We will definitely be cooperative,
but I hope we can have some compensation. 1500 Yuan for one mu will be enough;
our house is not affected. If the compensation is not enough, we will still ask the
government for a solution, otherwise we will appeal.
Fifth, the women hope for transparency in the standards and amounts of
compensation.
Case:
Xu (female, 42, junior middle school, Han ethnicity) of Wanyang Village,
Nanying Sub-district said: I know of the dam. It certainly will affect us. Land will be
requisited, houses will be demolished. What should we live on? I hope there will be
enough compensation, and the information will be clearly publicized. The money
should be given to us directly, not passing through the township or the village
governments – that way we have no idea how much we should receive, and the
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officials will have taken off a lot of the money.
Sixth, the women hope the village can provide us with housing plots in good
locations, but allow them to build houses by themselves.
Case:
Zhai (female) of Yakou Village, Liushui Town said: My family doesn’t have any
land left, just this house. If the compensation is fair it will be good. Better if the
government can move us all to Xiangyang or Yicheng, and give us a house there. Or
they can give us a new plot nearby so we can build our own house. If they want to
develop tourism here, I will be able to open a restaurant. If the compensation is too
little, and the plot is too remote, I would absolutely not move. If they demolish my
house, I will appeal to higher levels of governments. Actually I don’t think that’s
going to happen. If they can meet my conditions, I am willing to move.
Seventh, the elderly women wish to move into already built houses.
Case:
Li(female) of Yakou Village, Liushui Town said: My family’s house was built
decades ago. Just three rooms, one storey. If they want to demolish it, they better
build a new house for me. I am too old, just give me one already built.
6.2.4 Women’s potential methods of expression when their intention to
participate cannot be realized
Through questionnaire and interview survey, we found that the women will take
action if their intention to participate cannot be realized.
We found 8 models of possible action for the women.
First, exercise patience as much as possible. 17.79% of the surveyed women
indicate that they will not take action if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Case:
Yao (female, 53, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Xinzhou Village, Wangji
Town said: They will occupy my family’s 7 mu of beaches for the dam. The land is
our livelihood, so I would rather have land than money. Money is gone when we spent
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it all, but land can be given to the next generation. Still, I’m not going to do anything
if I’m not content with the compensation. The land belongs to the state, and I have no
reason to complain too much.
Second, petition to a higher authority on one’s own. 4.2% of women say they
will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Third, directly speak to relevant governmental departments on one’s own. 32.2%
of the surveyed women say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Case:
Wang (female, 45, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Yakou Village, Liushui
Town said: I’m very supportive of the dam. I just hope the compensation will be fair.
Otherwise I will go and ask the government for a solution.
Fourth, litigation on one’s own. 2.54% of women say they will do that if the
compensations do not satisfy them.
Case:
Song (female, 39, junior middle school, Han ethnicity) of Maocao Village,
Zhengji Town said: My family has 6.6 mu of land. 4.2 mu of beaches may be
inundated in the project. We hope they can be reasonably compensated. Otherwise we
will have to suit.
Fifth, petition to a higher authority together with other people. 11% of women
say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Case:
Ding (female, 47, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Yakou Village, Liushui
Town said: I always have problems with the officials here. If the compensations are
bad, and we have someone preparing for a petition here, I will join them. We will
petition to the district, town and the municipal governments. We may even go to the
provincial government in Wuhan, even to Beijing. We will never stop until we are
treated fairly.
Sixth, directly speak to relevant governmental departments together with other
people. 33% of women say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
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Case:
Li (female, 65, never schooled) of Xinzhou Village, Wangji Town: My husband
and me have 1.5 mu of land. The dam project will take our land. If we do not like the
compensation, we will talk to the government together with other members of the
village.
Seventh, refuse to accept the demolition. One participant said she will never
allow her house to be demolished if the compensations are unsatisfactory.
Eighth, exercise patience, and only petition to a higher authority on one’s own if
the situation is completely unacceptable.
In overall, the women’s most likely action to express their discontent is:
contacting the government directly, but together with other people; doing it by oneself;
and exercise patience. Their choices are not significantly different from the men.
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7 Public Participation
7.1 Results of public participation
7.1.1 Knowledge about the project
Survey shows that 100% of surveyed residents know of the Yakou Shipping Hub
project. They obtained their information from several channels, primarily the press
(radio, TV and newspaper) and government’s notices. Some other residents obtained
information from the project’s geological survey workers, neighbors, or friends.
7.1.2 Project and opportunities
About 78% of villagers believe they can benefit from the Yakou project; 19%
are uncertain; 3% believe there is little benefit for them. Survey data shows their
perceived opportunities from the project do not differ significantly: between women
and men; between people of different educations; between households with per capita
net income above and below the average; and between people of different ages.
7.1.3 Attitude toward land acquisition and resettlement
Survey shows about 95% of surveyed residents are supportive toward the Yakou
project. This includes not only people who believe the project will give them
opportunities; even among residents who do not believe they can benefit, more than
95% expressed their support for the project. This shows the project is widely
supported by the local populace.
A. Expectation on land acquisition and its compensation
In terms of compensation, about 65% of surveyed residents hope to receive
monetary payment, about 8% hope it can take the form of land or work opportunities
provided by the government, and about 1% hope for a combination of monetary
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compensation and work opportunities.
Throughout interviews, discussion meetings and questionnaire surveys, the
residents have proposed four main methods of compensation:
First, monetary payment. In the questionnaire survey, 3/4 of surveyed residents
in Maocao, Zhengji Town hope for monetary compensation, and 64% of surveyed
residents of Heluo Village also wish to receive monetary compensation for their
reclaimed beaches the project will occupy.
Second, obtaining land via reassignment and replacement within resident groups
or villages. Land still plays an important part in many farmers’ life, and they still wish
to receive a parcel of land. In meetings and interviews, we found that the villagers are
aware that this is an unrealistic expectation, as the region’s land area per capita is
relatively low, while the government’s general policies have recently emphasized
making “no changes to land contracts in 30 years”. When villagers bring up this
compensation method, their real sentiment is to emphasize the significance of land to
their livelihood, hoping they can be reasonably compensated.
Third, work opportunities from the government or other institutions.
Case:
He (female, 53 yo, elementary school, Han ethnicity) of Maocao Village, Zhengji
Town said: Wouldn’t they build a dam after acquiring our land? I hope our men can
get good work opportunites in building the dam.
Luo (female, 43 yo, junior middle school, Han ethnicity) of Heluo Village,
Zhengji Town said: The dam project will occupy my family’s land. I hope they can
give me work in addition to paying me.
Fourth, a combination of work opportunities and monetary compensation.
Case:
Li (female, 49 yo, had about 2 years of school, Han ethnicity) said: I’m unsure
how much land they will occupy from my family. If they are going to occupy my land,
the compensation should include compensation for crop and our labor, better given in
a lump sum. I also wish my son and daughter can have jobs when they build dam.
B. Expectation on house demolition and its compensation
The questionnaire survey covered a sample of villagers whose houses will be
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demolished. Further in-depth interviews were also conducted.
Regardless of quality, all surveyed households have their own houses, which are
mostly built in the 1980s. Additionally, each household has other small auxiliary
buildings. Most houses are built with a brick and concrete structure. The largest is
1171 m2, and the smallest is 60 m2. The lowest cost spent on building a house is 4500
Yuan, and the highest is 1800000 Yuan. On average, each family’s expenditure on
house-building is 242376 Yuan, and the average cost per square meter is 1000 Yuan.
A few households have been using their houses for commercial purposes.
Most of these families say they are willing to resettle to support the project. A
minority of villagers showed some unwillingness to resettlement.
C. Expectation on the amount of compensation
Every surveyed resident wished that the compensation can allow them to buy a
house similar in quality to their old house, that the compensation can be directly paid
to the households as soon as possible.
Case:
Li (female, 38) of Yakou Village, Liushui Town said: My house was pretty big at
over 200 m2 with six rooms, but it has now been crowded with eight people. I’m
waiting for the project to demolish my house, so we can take the compensation money.
It will be better if we can get two housing plots [for the two families leaving in their
household], but one bigger plot will also do.
Hu (female, 43) of Wanyang Village, Nanying Sub-district said: My family has
been running a restaurant for 4 to 5 years. Our livelihood depends on the restaurant. I
can accept it if the compensation is fair, or if they give me another housing plot by
roadside, so I can keep running my restaurant. If they are going to pay me little money,
and give me a housing plot in a remote place, there’s no way I’m going to accept it.
Zhang (male, 73) of Tannao Village, Yancheng Sub-district said: Our house was
built in 1987. It was built with brick and wood, costing us 30,000 Yuan at the time. It
is 90 m2 large, in addition to 30 m2 of kitchens. We use it only for living. Whether we
like our house or not, it is a citizen’s duty to serve our country’s greater interests. My
demand is for us to keep the three rooms plus two kitchens structure; better if it is by
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roadside, so we can keep our livelihood by opening a restaurant or a shop.
7.1.4 Expression of opinions on land acquisition and house demolition
The surveyed residents indicate that they will express their opinions through
formal and informal methods about land acquisition, house demolition and
compensation. We recorded 8 methods, and the most prominent one is directly
speaking to relevant governmental departments on one’s own (34.9%), followed by
speaking to governmental departments together with other people (26.6%), then by
exercising patience as much as possible (11.9%).
First, exercise patience as much as possible. 17.81% of surveyed residents
indicate that they will not take action if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Second, petition to a higher authority on one’s own. 4.17% of villagers say they
will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Third, directly speak to relevant governmental departments on one’s own.
31.78% of villagers say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Fourth, litigation on one’s own. 2.52% of villagers (all female) say they will do
that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Fifth, petition to a higher authority together with other people. 10.23% of
villagers say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy them.
Sixth, directly speak to relevant governmental departments together with other
people. 32.19 % of villagers say they will do that if the compensations do not satisfy
them.
Seventh, refuse to accept the demolition. One participant said she will never
allow her house to be demolished if the compensations are unsatisfactory.
Eighth, exercise patience, and only petition to a higher authority on one’s own if
the situation is completely unacceptable.
7.2 Public participation plan
The project has prepared public participation plans for different stakeholder
groups. Measures will be taken during the project’s preparation, implementation and
operation to encourage public participation and negotiation.
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8 Social Management Plan
8.1 Expand positive impacts of the project
(1) Enhance the positive role of the project in promoting local economic
development
The implementation of the project will greatly stimulate economic development
of project site and its surrounding area and even the middle and western Hubei
province.
a. After the project is completed, 5 beach areas will be inundated and the river
section upstream from the dam with a length of 52.67km will be promoted to
a 1000t third-class channel. Total fuel consumption of ships will decrease by
30-40% and economic benefits of water transportation will get bigger.
b. After the project is completed, the power station will have an installed
capacity of 75.6MW and an annual electricity generation capacity of 324
million kw.h. The average annual electricity generation capacity will be 253
million kw.h, on-grid energy will be 247 million kw.h after deducting own
demand and transmission loss, and average annual economic benefits is
expected to reach 58.15 million Yuan.
c. After the project is completed, normal water level of the reservoir will be
55.22m, the reservoir will have a total capacity of 303,000,000 m3, and the
water level in this section will rise.
d. After the project is completed, the width of river course in this section will
increase to 2-5km, water surface of the reservoir will reach 12,700 hectares,
and the reservoir and Cuijiaying hydro-function will be joined to form a
beautiful natural scenery belt.
(2) Enhance the positive role of the project in promoting local social development
a. During project implementation, a great number of jobs that have no or have
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low technical requirements will be provided to local residents.
b. The project will directly or indirectly stimulate infrastructure construction
and related service industries in local area and in this manner also provide a
great number of new jobs for local residents.
c. After the project is completed, the working environment of shipping
enterprises and their employees will be greatly improved, and aquaculture,
tourism and other service industries may be developed to increase incomes of
local residents without harm to water quality and ecological environment.
8.2 Minimize adverse impacts of the project
(1) Reduce adverse impact on local fishermen's livelihoods
For this purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Continue to implement national and local fishing moratorium orders to keep
ecological balance of Han River basins;
b. Construct fishways and release fries (artificially reproduced) into the river to
restore and protect fish varieties;
c. After the project is completed and the reservoir is impounded, with support
from local governments, more fries shall be released into the river and cage
culture shall be encouraged to restore fishermen’s livelihoods along Yicheng
section of Han River.
d. Protect aquatic environment and enhance fishery management at reservoir
area and dam area.
(2) Reduce adverse impact on vulnerable groups
For this purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Local labors shall be preferred for project construction and field lifting to
increase their incomes. In particular, poor persons among the PAPs (project
affected persons) shall be preferred for temporary and auxiliary work in
project construction.
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b. Labor service and daily consumables (such as grains and vegetables) shall be
bought from nearby poor persons.
c. Yicheng Municipal Labor Bureau will choose those having labor ability from
the vulnerable groups and poor people affected by land acquisition and teach
them all kinds of labor skills.
d. Local public infrastructure (especially roads and irrigation system) shall be
maintained and upgraded during project construction and field lifting (land
reclamation). Especially at poor villages, roads shall be expanded to improve
their living and production conditions.
(3) Promote the development of women
For this purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Encourage women's participation in the project
b. Teach women necessary labor skills
c. Give particular attention and care to poor women.
(4) Reduce the impact of project construction on daily life of villagers
For this purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
A. Traffic:
a. Project construction shall be conducted by segments to reduce the impact on
traffic.
b. Set up road signs, limit running speed and publicize traffic safety knowledge;
c. Make emergency response plan against potential traffic accidents;
d. Enhance publicity to raise the residents' sense of traffic safety;
B. Noise:
a. Project construction near residential area must be in strict accordance with
applicable noise standard and measures shall be taken to reduce noise pollution.
b. High-noise construction at night is prohibited, and if possible, all-night
construction shall be avoided.
C. Dust, exhaust gas and domestic waste:
a. During project construction, roads shall be wetted regularly to prevent dust.
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b. Temporary buildings at construction site and potential polluted area shall be
cleaned and disinfected regularly and the workers shall be strictly managed.
D. Spread of disease:
a. Local medical institutions shall take measures at project affected area to
prevent all kinds of diseases (especially STD and AIDS);
b. Hire specialized persons to regularly arrange physical examinations and
quarantines for workers and managers and make sanitary inspections over office area,
living area and temporary living places separately.
c. Enhance health education and raise the workers' and managers' sense of
disease prevention.
An effective mechanism shall be established to solve the above problems.
(See the EIA report)
(5) Inundation, land occupation and resettlement
For the purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Prepare the RAP and SIA report to make the PAPs express their demands
and participate in the project.
b. Compensate the residents affected by inundation or land occupation to help
rehabilitate their capacity of life and production (including facilities for life
and production); provide necessary assistance to the families with women as
major workforce and vulnerable groups; cooperate with local governments to
teach the labors technical skills; give priority to the resettled residents
affected by inundation and land occupation when offering non-technical jobs.
c. Grievance system shall be established to solve the problems found in
resettlement work.
An effective mechanism shall be established to solve the above problems.
(See the RAP)
(7) Reduce adverse impact on local residents
For the purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Cooperate with local governments to provide skills training.
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b. Provide appropriate job opportunities (non-technical) for the residents in
project affected area.
c. Grievance system shall be established to solve the problems found in
resettlement work.
(8) Strengthen public consultation
Develop the public consultation plan and establish an effective grievance system.
8.3 Promote development of local residents
A. Reduce the impact of project suspension on local residents
For the purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. Shorten project suspension time and complete the project as soon as possible;
b. Disclose all compensation and resettlement information to local residents
B. Reduce the impact of DMS measurement standard on resettled residents
Considering that DMS (detailed measurement survey) measurement standard is
used in resettlement work but the villagers are used to the measurement unit of Zhang
(= 3 1/3 meters), DMS results shall be explained in a way understandable to the PAPs
and the public to avoid disputes.
C. Reduce the impact of resettlement of households and enterprises whose
domiciles are demolished
Some suggestions are put forward for resettlement of the residents of Yakou
fisherman's cooperative: a. if the resettled residents have purchased house at Yicheng
urban area or other places and agree to cash compensation, compensation shall be
paid to them according to the established standard; b. if the resettled residents want to
purchase a second-hand house near Denglin Farm, the PMO and the resettlement
offices at all levels will offer support to the house transaction, e.g. transfer of house
ownership and exempt from taxes and fees; c. if the resettled residents want to
construct new houses, resettlement experts and geological experts shall be invited to
choose a proper place for new house. New house will be constructed by the residents,
but the "three connections and one leveling" for new house will be arranged by the
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Resettlement Office of Liushui Town and funded by the PMO. Compensation shall be
paid to the residents according to compensation standard II.
Some suggestions are put forward for the residents scattered in the reservoir area:
a). if they have house at another place and are not willing to construct new house,
cash compensation shall be paid to them; b). if they have no other house and have to
construct new house, the village committee will arrange plots for them and new house
shall be constructed by themselves, but all charges thus incurred will be exempted.
Some suggestions are put forward for resettlement of non-residential buildings:
a). for the buildings of Heluo Village inside the levees, cash compensation shall be
paid according to compensation standard II issued by Yicheng Municipal Price
Bureau or other authorities; b). for the buildings used for fishery tourism at Wanyang
Village, cash compensation shall be paid according to compensation standard II
released by Yicheng Municipal Price Bureau or other authorities, and those who want
to rehabilitate their business shall be included in follow-up support program.
According to the plan, the residents will obtain 600 Yuan each year, in future 20
years.
D. Reduce the impact of resettlement and rehabilitation of the residents affected
by land acquisition
After consulting with the residents affected by land acquisition, and based on the
principle of maximizing the protection of cultivated land, the PMO and the design
institute explored the experience of other similar projects in China and proposed the
idea of field lifting.
a. Basic principles for field lifting:
1) Terrain, geological and hydrological conditions allow for field lifting.
2) Compare all schemes and select the best one which is feasible technically
and economically.
b. Technical procedures of field lifting:
1) Lift the field at shallow water area and near the dam by using the spoil
excavated in project construction or by digging lower position to lift higher position;
2) Remove surface mellow soil of existing cultivated land, with a thickness of
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30-50cm, and put them onto the lifted field to protect soil conditions for plants.
3) Engineering and ecological measures shall be taken to avoid soil and water
loss and improve land utilization: under normal water level of the reservoir, grouted
rubble foundation and dry stone slope shall be constructed, and above normal water
level of the reservoir, EM4 three-dimensional vegetation net shall be provided at
bottom, 10cm clay layer shall be set on the net and grass shall be planted on the top.
U-shape anchors (distance of legs: 80cm) shall be set in quincunx to fix EM4
three-dimensional vegetation net into the sandy oil of slope and prevent slip of the net
and the clay layer on net. A cast-in-situ concrete protection belt, 60cm wide and 30cm
thick, shall be built on top of slope to prevent slope damage or water and soil loss due
to farming activities.
c. Field-lifting plan
Land reclamation by field lifting at 12 selected parcels of land totals up to
13892.85mu, of which effective cultivated land is 13413.79mu. Refer to Table 6-1 for
distribution of field-lifting area. By using this method, land occupation of the project
will decrease by at least 93% and the impact of land acquisition will be largely
reduced.
Table 6-1 Field lifting plan for cultivated land inundated by the reservoir
Elevation of Field-lifting Cultivated land
Land parcel Remarks
lifted field (m) area (mu) (mu)
Maocao
T1 56.22 140.1 135.99
Village
4433.5 Heluo Village
T2 56.22 6561.12 1094.64 Nanhe Village
817.26 Tannao Village
Nanzhou
T3 56.22 496.9 483.46
Village
Guanzhuang
3.93
T4 56.22 118.54 Village
110.51 Annao Village
Gongnao
1298.62
Village
T5 56.25 4597.05
Nanying
2037.41
Village
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Elevation of Field-lifting Cultivated land
Land parcel Remarks
lifted field (m) area (mu) (mu)
439.65 Wulian Village
Xinxing
637.31
Village
T6 56.25 168.7 164 Taiping Village
Xinzhou
T7 56.33 58.74 55.80
Village
Sanzhou
T8 56.33 477.24 469.45
Village
Xinguan
T9 56.33 103.06 99.01
Village
Hanshui
T10 56.33 319.80 308.14
Village
Hanshui
T11 56.33 604.84 592.20
Village
Xiangjiang
224.15
T12 56.33 246.76 Village
8.76 Fangge Village
Total 13892.85 13413.79
d. Management of land reclamation by field-lifting
1) Basic principles: the reclaimed land shall be returned to the villages according
to area ratio of their acquired land and shall be returned to households according the
area of their land at the time of latest renewal of land contract. If total reclaimed land
for a village is not sufficient to remedy the acquired land of the village, the reclaimed
land shall be returned to households according to the ratio of reclaimed land and
acquired land. If total reclaimed land for a village exceeds the acquired land of the
village, the reclaimed land shall be returned to households according to area ratio of
their land. In a word, the goal is to minimize the loss of the households resulting from
land acquisition and also make them share the extra resources brought by land
reclamation.
2) In spite of land reclamation by field lifting, 865.27mu cultivated land will still
be acquired. Compensation shall be paid directly to land-acquired farmers according
to the stipulated compensation standard and allocation method. Transfer of land
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between farmers on voluntary basis will be allowed, and this may result in change of
area of acquired land of each household.
3) The PMO will establish a strict supervision system to ensure that the
reclaimed land meets the needs of agricultural production of local farmers. In addition
to quality supervision agency, special supervisors will be selected from villagers to
supervise on field-lifting process and quality. Field-lifting can't be started without
consent of these special supervisors and can't be delivered without their signatures.
4) Compensation shall be paid to farmers for their losses caused by field-lifting.
Compensation amount is based on annual output of their land and is paid for two
years, one year for field-lifting and one year for soil ripening.
5) The part of land compensation kept by village collective will be used for
public welfare undertakings, e.g. creating or improving specialized cooperatives and
inviting experts and technicians to train farmers on vegetable cultivation, processing
and marketing, with the purpose of increasing farmers' incomes.
e. The benefits of field-lifting
1）The implementation of field-lifting protects the land resources in project
construction area to the maximum extent while the recovery of cultivated land
affected by project construction can be also expected.
2）The implementation of field-lifting reduces the negative impacts of project
construction on local people’s daily life to the maximum extent, it also ensures the
traditional production and management mode for local farmers can be continued.
3）The implementation of field-lifting reduces the negative impacts of project
construction on household income to the maximum extent, it also makes local
farmers resume production and increase income as soon as possible after the
completion of the project.
4）The implementation of field-lifting of this project provides the important
experience for the similar projects in the future to protect the land resources and
reduce the negative impacts on local people’s daily life.
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E. Reduce the impact of resettlement of enterprises affected by land acquisition
Cash compensation will be paid to two enterprises affected by land acquisition,
namely Huafeng Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. in Yicheng City, and Xiangyang Yonghongji
Concrete Co., Ltd. (Yicheng branch).
F. Reduce the impact of rehabilitation of special facilities affected by land
acquisition
For this purpose, some suggestions are put forward:
a. The cargo terminal may be relocated and expanded or reconstructed at its
original site.
b. The pump station facilities will be reconstructed at its original site by
increasing the elevation of water pump and motor, and their functions will be
rehabilitated.
c. The culverts and sluices may be closed or transformed to pump station,
depending on drainage conditions.
d. Other special facilities may be reconstructed at its original site or relocated to
another place, or cash compensation may be paid, depending on the owner's
wishes.
G. Reduce the impact on vulnerable groups
Special measures will be taken to provide tailored supports for the vulnerable
groups identified by the PMO.
8.4 Promote gender development
A. Encourage women's participation in the project
Women's participation is of great significance. Women are main force of
housework and agricultural production. Women's participation will help rehabilitate
their livelihoods and increase their incomes.
Therefore, 1) women's needs and advices shall be considered in project design
stage; 2) women and other vulnerable groups shall be provided with non-technical
jobs during project implementation; 3) women shall be entitled to obtain land
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compensation.
B. Teach women necessary labor skills
With decrease of cultivated land, a large number of labors leave their farmland
and go out to work and women become main force of agricultural production. The
PMO, together with town government, village committee and other authorities, shall
provide women with technical training. Women may learn agricultural skills to
increase agricultural incomes or they may learn other skills to take non-agricultural
jobs.
C. Give more attention to poor women
More assistance and preference shall be given to the households with women as
main workforce (e.g. living only with child or having a husband without labor ability)
to help them with house reconstruction and recovery of livelihoods.
8.5 The objective and implementation of project’s social
management plan
8.5.1 The objective of project’s social management plan
The objective of project’s social management plan is assessing the social impacts
of Yakou Project in order to make sure the investment on the project will obtain social
benefits. Minimizing the negative effects of the project and promoting the
development of social culture. We hope that after the implementation of social
management plan, the rights and interests of people who live in the project affected
areas will be fully protected. The investors and stakeholders of the project can
communicate and share the information freely, and an effective regulatory system of
the project can be built.
8.5.2 The implementation of the project’s social management plan
The implementation of the project’s social management plan will be connected
with resettlement action plan (RAP) and Environmental Safely Management plan
(ESMP). These three plan will be implemented at the same time during the period of
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resettlement and project’s construction.
8.6 Resettlement organizations
8.6.1 Institutional arrangement
Port and Waterway Administration and governments at all levels of Yicheng
City improve institutional arrangement and capacity building to guarantee the smooth
proceeding of project preparation and resettlement work. Since January 2015, the
resettlement organizations at all levels have been set up and their duties have been
defined. Resettlement organizations in this project mainly include:
●Project Leading Group
●PMO
●Expert Advisory Group
●Yicheng Municipal Resettlement Office
●Resettlement offices of towns (subdistricts)
● Design institute and resettlement consulting agency
Project Leading Group
PMO Expert Advisory
Group
Yicheng Municipal Design institute,
Resettlement Office resettlement
monitoring agency
Resettlement offices of towns (subdistricts)
Resettlement working teams of villages
Affected enterprises and households
Figure 8-1 Institutional arrangement
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8.6.2 Responsibilities of resettlement institutions
A. Project Leading Group
Project Leading Group is composed of members from Hubei provincial
government, Hubei Provincial Department of Transportation, Port and Waterway
Administration, Xiangyang Municipal Government and other relevant departments.
Main responsibilities include:
·Make key decisions related to project implementation;
·Coordinate project implementation at levels of Hubei Province, Xiangyang City
and Yicheng City.
·Coordinate the relations between project related institutions and other
departments
B. Expert Advisory Group
·Provide consulting services on policy and technology during project preparation
& implementation
·Review and evaluate project implementation twice a year
C. PMO
·Lead project preparation and implementation;
·Make key decisions related to resettlement
·Coordinate the relations between resettlement organizations and government
authorities.
·Engage design institute and consulting agency to make resettlement planning
·Go through all approval procedures required by the government and World
Bank
·Formulate regulations and standards in the RAP
·Train staff of resettlement organizations at all levels
·Coordinate the construction progress of the Project and the implementation
progress of the RAP;
·Sign resettlement contract with Yicheng Municipal People's Government
·Allocation of resettlement fund
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·Offer guidance for and supervise on resettlement
· Coordinate the work among all resettlement organizations
D. Yicheng Municipal Resettlement Office
·Conduct surveys related to resettlement as required by the PMO and design
institute
·Publish and review information about land acquisition and house demolition in
its jurisdiction area
·Conduct public consultation activities in its jurisdiction area
·Assist the PMO in formulating resettlement regulations and policies
·Arrange land reclamation by field-lifting
·Arrange for restoration and reconstruction of special facilities
·Offer guidance for and supervise on the resettlement offices of all towns
(subdistricts)
·Receive and manage resettlement fund
·Review resettlement agreements reported by subordinate resettlement offices
and disburse money to them
·Train staff of subordinate resettlement offices
·Report work to the PMO
·Deal with resettlement problems and report the PAPs' complaints & grievances
to superior resettlement organizations
E. Resettlement offices of towns (subdistricts)
·Participate in surveys and other resettlement work
·Organize public consultation activities in its jurisdiction area
·Arrange land acquisition and house demolition in its jurisdiction area
·Inspect, supervise and record the resettlement work under its jurisdiction
·Review and report the data of land acquisition & house demolition in its
jurisdiction area
·Supervise on land acquisition, demolition of buildings and appendages, and
relocation of enterprises.
·Deal with resettlement problems and report the PAPs' complaints & grievances
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to superior resettlement organizations
F. Resettlement consulting agency
During resettlement planning and implementing process, the external monitoring
agency oversees the resettlement work externally and submits progress report and
monitoring report to the PMO and the World Bank. Details about its responsibilities
are described in the chapter of External Monitoring.
8.6.3 Schedule
The implementation schedule of the Project (Table 8-2) has been prepared based
on the progress of project preparation and implementation. The schedule may be
subject to adjustment due to progress deviations. The main stages of the Project are
the preparation stage, implementation stage and half a year after project completion.
a. At the preparation stage, SIA-related tasks include project information
disclosure, stakeholder identification, social impact analysis and SIA Report
preparation.
b. At the implementation stage, SIA-related tasks include internal monitoring and
independent external monitoring. Internal monitoring is the responsibility of the PMO,
which will prepare an internal monitoring and submit it to the World Bank semiannually.
An independent third party monitoring agency appointed by the project owner will
conduct M&E on the Project’s social impacts. Before project implementation, terms of
reference, a survey outline and a survey form will be prepared, a monitoring
established, tasks defined and monitoring chosen. A baseline survey and follow-up
surveys will be conducted through participatory SIA. At the implementation stage, an
independent external M&E report will be submitted to the World Bank semiannually.
c. Within half a year after project completion, an SIA Summary Report will be
submitted to the World Bank.
Table 8-2 Implementation Schedule
Stage Task Time
Disclosure of project information Jul. 2015-Aug.2015
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Identification of stakeholders, and social impact Sep. 2015
analysis
Preparation Public participation of stakeholders Whole process
Preparation of the SIA Report Sep. 2015-Aug. 2016
Disclosure of the SIA Report Aug. 2106
Approval of the SIA Report Sep. 2016
Implementation M&E An internal monitoring report will
be submitted semiannually.
Half a year after Summary An SIA Summary Report will be
project completion submitted to the World Bank.
8.7 Project monitoring
To minimize adverse impacts and evade risks, the project implementation
process will be monitored. A qualified and experienced third-party agency will be
engaged to have an independent monitoring and evaluation on the whole project
implementation process. In addition, experts of the monitoring & evaluation team
must have work experience abroad and be familiar with China's actual conditions.
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Appendices
Appendix I: Social Assessment Outline for World Bank
Financed Yakou Shipping Hub Project
1. Project Background and Social Impact Assessment
1.1 Project overview
The proposed World Bank Financed Hubei Yakou Shipping Hub Project is an
important component of Hubei Inland River Shipping Capacity Improvement Project
as well as a key project in the cascade development of Han River. Once completed,
the project will fully improve the shipping conditions of Han River and will play a
facilitating and demonstration role in the cascade development of Han River basin,
thus will uplift the inland river shipping capacity of Hubei. The project connects
shipping on Han River and other modes of inland transportation as well as shipping
on the main channel of Yangtze River seamlessly, facilitates the formation of the
integrated transportation corridor of Yangtze River Economic Belt, and provides an
important support for the building and development of the Yangtze River Economic
Belt.
Yakou Shipping Hub is in the 6th cascade (8 cascades in total) of the cascade
development plan of Han River in Hubei, and is located at Yakou Village which is in
the Xiangyang-Zhongxiang section in the middle reach of Han River and 15.7km
downstream Yicheng City of Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. It is 52.67km from the
completed Han River Cuijiaying Shipping Hub in the upstream and 446km from the
river mouth of Han River in the downstream. According to the design scheme, Yakou
Shipping Hub Project will generate 55.22m of reservoir water storage level, 350
million m3 of reservoir capacity, 54.72m of dead water level, 74.2MW of installed
capacity, 19.0MW of power output, and annual average power of 253 million kW·h.
The main construction projects are 1,000-ton navigation lock, 40-hole water release
gate, power plant, earth rock dam, fishway and protection projects. The dynamic
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investment of the project is 2.76 billion Yuan, which includes 150 million USD of
Word Bank loan. The planned duration of the project is 58 months.
The direct influence range of Yakou Shipping Hub Project mainly covers the area
where the hub is located and the area flooded by the reservoir, which involves 10
villages of Oumiao Town, Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, namely Sanzhou
Village, Daying Village, Dazhou Village, Taoyuan Village, Liwan Village, Linao
Village, Liliuji Village, Zhaozhuang Village, and Shuiwa Village; 2 villages of
Dongjin Town, Xiangyang District, namely Sanhe Village and Yakou Village; and 24
villages (yards) in 6 towns (townships/subdistricts), namely Liushui, Nanying, Wangji,
Zhengji, Yancheng, and Xiaohe. The flooded area in Yakou Shipping Hub Project
involves 36 villages (yards) in 8 towns (townships/subdistricts) in total.
1.2 Social assessment
In 2015 the Yakou Shipping Hub Project was listed as a World Bank support project.
In order to make the preparation of the project go smoothly, according to the
procedures and general practice of preparation for World Bank financed projects, the
Project Implementing Unit (PUI) Port and Waterway Administration of Hubei
Provincial Department of Transportation has required an assessment on the social
impact of the project. Through evaluation of the social impact of the project,
references are provided for the preparation and implementation of the project, which
not only ensures smooth preparation and implementation of the project, but also
facilitate the affected population in the project area to share the social and economic
benefits brought by the project.
This research plan is designed according to the requirement on the social impact
assessment of the project to collect and analyze social impacts of the project to the
maximum in the project identification stage and preparation stage, to solicit opinions
and suggestions of each stakeholder on the basis of extensive public participation, and
to report such opinions and suggestions to the project owner and relevant departments,
so as to seek benefits and avoid adverse impact and to control the social risk of the
project at the minimum level, and give full play to the social benefits. Specifically, the
works to be done during social impact assessment include:
(1) To investigate social and economic status of the project area and stakeholders and
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their attitudes towards the project;
(2) To identify the major social factors that affect the implementation of the project;
(3) To identify the major social risks that may arise out of the implementation of the
project;
(4) To collect opinions and suggestions of the broad mass of citizens benefited by the
project, especially the poor, on the basis of public participation;
(5) To put forward other measures to eliminate or reduce social risks.
Through the above efforts, the project is expected to make the social issues involved
in the project fully understood and attached with full attention, especially the issues
related to resettlement, cultural heritage, low-income group, women and other
vulnerable groups, to evaluate the impact of the project on such issues, and to propose
operable measures to deal with such impact based on the relevant policies of the
World Bank (such as OP 4.12, BP 4.12, and OP 4.11) and relevant domestic laws,
regulations and policies.
2. Identification of Project Stakeholders
Identification of project stakeholders is the precondition of effective social assessment.
Through field survey on the project area and information provided by the project
design institute, the following main stakeholders of the project are identified:
1） PIU, namely Project Construction Headquarter of Hubei Yakou Shipping
Hub Project.
2） Governments at prefecture (district) level, township (subdistrict) level and
village level and primary-level organizations.
3） Residents in the project area affected by land acquisition and house
demolition.
4） Enterprises and business entities in the project affected area and inundated
area.
5） Population and entities affected by the special project involved in the project
construction.
6） Residents and social organizations in the inundated area.
During the social impact assessment, the research team will identify the roles of
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different stakeholders in the project, their view and attitude on the project, and the
impact and benefits they may receive during the preparation and construction of the
project through various forms of investigation and research, and analyze the influence
and contribution they may bring to the project, and thus provide basis for making
proper policy.
3. Social Assessment Methods
During the implementation of social assessment, the assessment entity will use
various approaches as much as possible to get in touch with all project stakeholders,
to collect various information specifically, and then use the common analysis tools in
economics, statistics and anthropology, following the method of combining
qualitative analysis and quantitative study, to summarize the social impact of the
project and to extract and conclude useful suggestions. Specifically, the main methods
of social assessment are as following:
(1) Literature survey method
The main objective of literature survey is to know about the history and background
regarding the economic and social development, urban construction, environmental
treatment, transportation development and people’s living standard of the project area,
to know about the current status of social and economic development of the Han
River basin and the region that the Yakou Shipping Hub Project is location, which is
the important foundation for in-depth field investigation.
Collection of data mainly covers the following aspects:
● Statistical data on national economic and social development; data of census survey
and sample survey of population; relevant statistical data on economy and society.
Statistical data and development plan of relevant statistics department.
● Policy documents related to the project, such as Compensation Method for
Acquisition of Collectively Owned Land and Houses, and compensation and
resettlement method for land acquisition and house demolition of other similar
projects completed or in progress.
● Documents related to the project, such as Project Proposal, Feasibility Study Report,
Environmental Assessment Report, and Social Stability Risk Assessment Report.
(2) Focus group interview
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The social assessment group will organize a series of focus group interviews for
different stakeholder groups of the project, and will discuss relevant issues regarding
specific target group, so as to get an in-depth understanding of the social impact of the
project, to identify the possible social risks, to explore possible project optimization
plan, and to find approaches and methods to avoid and control risks. Focus group
interviews will be carried out in villages intensively affected by the project. In
villages with large population, multiple interviews may be carried out depending on
the particular circumstance.
Select representative participants for discussion meetings, especially representative
participants in gender, age, education level, social class, income level, and occupation,
and special attentions shall be given to the opinions of women, old people and the
under-privileged class, who shall take up a certain proportion among the interviewed
targets.
(3) Field questionnaire survey
The social assessment research team will organize household questionnaire survey in
the area affected by the Yakou Shipping Hub Project. The survey targets are mainly in
the major villages and groups affected by land acquisition and house demolition. The
survey contents include social and economic conditions, livelihood and lifestyle of
affected families, possible impact of the project on them, their level of understanding
on the relevant expected policies related to the project, and their attitude on the
project. The questionnaire survey will use uniformly designed questionnaires and will
ensure that the questions are so designed that they center on the survey topic; ensure
that the concepts used in the sentences are definite and specific; avoid concepts that
may cause ambiguity to surveyors and survey targets; avoid misleading sentences and
address sensitive questions tactfully.
(4) Typical case interview
On the basis of field survey, general discussion meeting and application of other
information collection tools, the social assessment group will select representative and
typical individuals, families or entities for in-depth interview to explore the
significance of such cases in the optimization of project plan and their contribution to
the reduction of social risks of the project, and to put forward ideas on expanding the
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social positive externalities of the project.
(5) Hearings
If the stakeholder groups require hearings on certain issues during the social
assessment, the project owner, project design institute and other relevant departments
shall announce the time, place, issue and participation method of the hearing in the
project affected area through public media or other means known by the public;
representatives participating in the hearing shall be diverse and shall be no less than
15 people. Organization of the hearings shall be subject to the Interim Methods for
Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulations on
Hearings on Land Resources.
4. Main Contents of Social Assessment
The social assessment of the project will focus on the following aspects:
(1) Analysis on the living standard and long-term development of affected population.
The social assessment is to know about the social impact that the project is likely to
have on the local residents and the attitudes and responses of the project affected
people, especially to know about impact on the living standard and long-term
development of affected population through analysis on the employment mode and
income structured of the affected families.
(2) Analysis on women’s participation in the project. Women are an important part of
the project stakeholders as well as a core indicator of World Bank for social impact
assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the special impact of the project
on women and women’s attitude toward the project and their participation, and to
explore methods to make the project helpful for the development of women.
(3) Impact of the project on poverty-stricken population. Analyze the possible adverse
impact of project implementation on poverty-stricken population and the
opportunities it may bring to them, and put forward measures to seek benefits and
avoid adverse impact.
(4) Analysis on impact of project implementation on fishery in the downstream area.
(5) Impact that the immerged area caused by project implementation may have and
measures to avoid the impact.
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(6) Analysis on impact on ethnic minorities. Analyze whether the project need to
adopt the policies of World Bank on ethnic minorities through various investigations.
(7) Analysis on the social benefits of the project. Identify the major and minor
beneficiaries of the project, analyze the social benefits that the project brings to the
beneficiaries, and propose measures to expand the beneficiaries’ income as much as
possible.
5. Social Assessment Implementation Organization
Entrusted by Hubei Provincial Communications Planning and Design Institute,
Academy of Development of Wuhan University will lead the social assessment
together with Center for Involuntary Resettlement Research of Wuhan University. The
job received strong support and cooperation of PMO.
The Academy of Development of Wuhan University is an interdisciplinary and
cross-departmental institute on comprehensive development directly subordinated to
the Wuhan University. It is one of the key research bases of humanities and social
sciences in Hubei province. The Academy aims to conduct high level researches
based on a common development target based on consensus on development
objectives. Being an open research platform, it has created a new network integrating
government policies, industries, study and research backed up by the relevant
disciplines to provide strong intellectual support for the local economic and social
development, create new think-tank and exert important social influence. The
Academy of Development of Wuhan University is committed to promoting national
economic construction and sustainable social development, and provides
decision-making research, consultation service, strategic planning and talents training
for the government, enterprises and the society.
Center for Involuntary Resettlement Research of Wuhan University is funded by the
United Nation Fund for Population Activities. It is a comprehensive academic
research institute integrated with research, teaching, consultation, and service, and has
a long history and rich experience in social and economic survey as well as
resettlement. Since the late 1980s, the Center has participated in the resettlement
investigation and research, social impact assessment, resettlement planning,
independent monitoring and assessment of more than 40 major construction projects
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in China, and has become one of the research centers in domestic higher education
institutes that have the longest history in resettlement investigation and social
assessment and have participated in the most projects. The Center has distinct
characteristics such as rich experience in social and economic investigation and
research, proficiency in data processing, thorough understanding in involuntary
resettlement policies of World Bank and Asian Development Bank, reliable working
ability, timeliness in report submission, and adequacy in communication with project
owner, and has formed its own style within the industry. The work performance of the
Center has been appreciated by social experts from World Bank and Asian
Development Bank and has been well received by project owners.
VI. Schedule
According to the overall plan of the project preparation, social impact assessment will
be completed in 3 months (12 weeks) after formal entrustment. Preliminary SIA
report will be submitted in the 8th week, and the final SIA report will be submitted in
the 12th week. Based on such requirements, the schedule for data collection and report
preparation is made as in the table below.
Table: Social assessment schedule
Content 1-2 3-4 5-7 8 9-10 11 12
Preparing SIA plan
Communication with social
experts from World Bank
Improving and
implementing the plan
Questionnaire
Focus group interview
Key interview
Literature data collection
Investigation data sorting
Preliminary SIA report
Soliciting opinions
Data supplement
Report revising and
translating
Final report submission
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Appendix II: SIA Questionnaire of Hubei Yakou Shipping Hub
Project
Dear residents,
In order to know about the social and economic conditions of residents living in the area
where the Yakou Shipping Hub Project is located and the possible social and economic impact the
project is likely to have, we hereby carry out this survey. We would like to inform you that your
family is selected as respondents of the survey through random sample selection. We will
appreciate it if you take your precious time to help us with the questionnaire. We will keep the
information about you and your family confidential in strict accordance with relevant laws of the
state.
We sincerely thank you for your support!
Place of survey: Group, Village, Township (Town), County
Name of respondent:
Date of survey:
I. Basic Information
1. The householder of your family is
(1) Yourself (2) Spouse (3) Son (4) Daughter (5) Father
(6) Mother (7) Daughter-in-law (8) Brother (9) Other
2. Please fill in the Family Member Information Form person by person and item by item
(information of the respondent in the first blank line of the table).
Number Relationship Gender Age Education level Marriage Employment/livelihood
of with the 1 Male 1 No education status 1 At home, mainly farming
family householder 2 received 1 Unmarried 2 At home, mainly non-farming
member 1 Householder Female 2 Primary school 2 Married business (please specify the
2 Spouse 3 Junior middle 3 Divorced occupation)
3 Son/daughter school 4 Widowed 3 Out for work
4 Son-in-law/ 4 Senior high 5 Separated 4 State cadre (including contracted
daughter-in-law school and retired cadre)
5 Grandson/ 5 Technical 5 Local-sponsored teacher
granddaughter secondary 6 Student
6 Parent school, technical 7 Not employed due to loss of work
7 Grandparent school, or ability
8 Sister/brother vocational high 8 Housekeeping
9 Other school 9 Retired early, laid off or
(Please specify) 6 Junior college unemployed
7 Undergraduate 10 Other
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or above
1 Respondent
2
3
4
5
6
7
II. Housing and Living Conditions
3. In which year is your house built? (year). The housing area is square meters,
and the area of lumber room (if any) is square meters.
4. Your family spent approximately Yuan for building the house.
5. The structure of your house is:
(1) Brick-concrete (2) Brick-wood (3) Earth-wood
(4) Earth house (5) Simple structure
6. Is your house used for leasing or business?
(1) Yes (2) No
7. How do you feel like your housing condition?
(1) Too crowded (2) A bit crowded (3) OK (4) Roomy (5) Very roomy
8. Generally speaking, how are you satisfied with your housing condition?
(1) Very satisfied (2) Satisfied (3) I don’t care (4) Unsatisfied (5) Very unsatisfied
III. Project Impact and Expectation
9. Do you know the Yakou Shipping Hub Project?
(1) Yes (2) No
10. If yes, in which way are you informed of the project
(1) Radio, TV, or newspaper (2) Government announcement (3) Relative or friend
(4) Neighbor (5) Other
11. As far as you are concerned, what impact will the Yakou Shipping Hub Project have on your
family?
(1) It will occupy your farmland (2) It will require relocation
(3) It will occupy your farmland and require relocation (4) No direct impact
If the project will occupy your farmland, the amount of farmland to be occupied is : mu
Including: Cultivated farmland: mu; Orchard and forest land: mu
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Commercial water land mu;
12．您认为雅口航运枢纽工程项目建设是否会给您个人的发展带来机会？
（1）会 （2）不会 （3）不一定 （4）不知道
12. Do you think the Yakou Shipping Hub Project will bring an opportunity for your personal
development?
(1) Yes, it will (2) No, it won’t (3) It’s not sure (4) I don’t know
13. Do you think the Yakou Shipping Hub Project will bring benefits for your village?
(1) Yes, it will (2) No, it won’t (3) It’s not sure (4) I don’t know
14. Are you willing to cooperate with the government regarding the implementation of the
project?
(1) Yes (2) No (3) I don’t know (no answer)
15. If the Yakou Shipping Hub Project will occupy your farmland, what kind of compensation do
you want to get?
(1) Monetary compensation (2) Land (3) Job offered by the government
(4) Money and job opportunity (5) Other ( )
16. In case of monetary compensation, in which way do you want to get the compensation?
(1) One-off payment (2) Payment in installments (3) I don’t care
17. If the Yakou Shipping Hub Project requires you to relocate, are you willing to do so?
(1) Yes (2) No (3) No answer
18. If you are willing to relocate, what kind of compensation do you want to get?
(1) Monetary compensation (2) New house (3) Job offer (4) Other
19. If you are not satisfied with the compensation for land acquisition and house demolition, in
which way will you express your dissatisfaction?
(1) Tolerate as much as possible (2) Appeal for higher authorities independently
(3) Go to government administration department to solve the problem on your own
(4) Seek solution of the problem through a judicial approach on your own
(5) Appeal for higher authorities jointly with others
(6) Go to relevant government department with others
(7) Other (please specify )
20. How much attention do you pay to the work of your company/village/community?
(1) Very much, I often propose my opinions and suggestions
(2) Much, I propose my opinions and suggestions occasionally
(3) A bit, generally I don’t express my opinions
(4) Little, I only do my own job and do not want to mind other business
(5) None, I have no interest in the work of my company/village/community
IV. Production and Operation
21. Land managed by your family:
Contracted field Cultivated land Transfer-in field Transfer-out field
mu mu mu mu
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22. Land management by your family
Use Annual income per mu
(1) For crop cultivation mu Income per mu: Yuan
(2) For vegetable cultivation mu Income per mu: Yuan
(3) For cultivation of other cash crops mu Income per mu: Yuan
(4) For other use mu Income per mu: Yuan
23. On the whole the amount of time you spend in productive labor is:
A. days for agricultural productive labor
B. days for non-agricultural productive labor
C. days for going out to work
D. Where have you been for work?
E. What do you do when you go out to work?
F. What is your average monthly income when you go out to work? Yuan
24. On the whole the amount of time your wife/husband spends in productive labor is:
A. days for agricultural productive labor
B. days for non-agricultural productive labor
C. days for going out to work
D. Where have he/she been for work?
E. What does he/she do when he/she goes out to work?
F. What is his/her average monthly income when he/she goes out to work? Yuan
25. As far as you know, the proportion of agricultural income in total household income for an
average family in your area is:
(1) Below 25% (2) 25-50% (3) 50-75% (4) Above 75%
V. Income and Expenditure
26. The consumption expenditure of your family in 2015 is Yuan, including:
(1) Food expenditure approximately Yuan (including rice, noodle, meat, fish, egg,
vegetable etc.)
(2) Expenditure for clothes Yuan
(3) Education expenditure approximately Yuan (including tuition fees and textbook fees
of children)
(4) Medical care expenditure approximately Yuan (including seeing a doctor, medicine
fee, and hospitalization)
(5) Traffic expenditure approximately Yuan (going to the town or city, going to other
cities to study, to work, or to visit relatives or friends etc.)
(6) Various human and social communication expenditure Yuan
(7) Expenditure for supporting the old Yuan
(8) Recreation expenditure Yuan
(9) Water, electricity, and phone charge
(10) Other living expenditure Yuan
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27. Sales of major products of your family in 2015
Product type Output Amount Amount sold as Place where the product
retained for commodity is sold
family use
Grain
Vegetable
Fruit
Poultry and
livestock (pig,
sheep, chicken
etc.)
28. Income composition of your whole family in 2015
Poultry
Trading Going
Crop and
Item Fishery Industry Construction and Transportation out to Salary Other Total
farming livestock
service work
breeding
Income
(Yuan)
29. Which level do you think your family’s financial condition is among others in the whole
village?
(1) Highest (2) Upper middle (3) middle (4) Lower middle (5) Lowest
30. If you receive a large amount of money in the near future, how will you use it?
(1) Use it for deposit (2) Purchase household appliances (3) Go out to travel
(4) Use it for children’s wedding (5) Build a house or expand existing house
(6) Purchase household productive equipment (7) Use it for pension
(8) Other (please specify)
First Second Third
VI. Household Division of Work and Decision Making
31. Who participates in / decides the following affairs in your family?
Mainly Mainly Jointly By the By the Other Not
by the by the by the husband’s husband’s Male Female applicable
husband wife husband father mother
and
wife
Administer
family
property
(such as
deposit,
house
ownership
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certificate
etc.)
Decide
which kind
of
livelihood
to engage
in
Decide
selection
/building
of house
Decide
division of
work
Decide on
purchase of
high-end
goods or
large
productive
tool
Decide on
children’s
education
and
occupation
choice
Instruct
children’s
study
Participate
in
villagers’
/residents’
meeting
Decide on
investment
or
borrowing
Participate
in
neighbor ’s
wedding or
funeral
32. In order to make a family well organized, it’s better for the husband to go out and work while
the wife stays at home to keep the house. How much do you agree with the view?
(1) Very much (2) A bit (3) Not clear (4) Disagree a bit (5) Strongly disagree
33. If there are no many job opportunities, men should get the job opportunities first if possible.
How much do you agree with the view?
(1) Very much (2) A bit (3) Not clear (4) Disagree a bit (5) Strongly disagree
34. If a family has financial difficulty and cannot afford the education of all children, they should
let the son(s) to continue to go to school as much as possible. How much do you agree with the
view?
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(1) Very much (2) A bit (3) Not clear (4) Disagree a bit (5) Strongly disagree
35. It’s better for the husband to make important decisions in a family. How much do you agree
with the view?
(1) Very much (2) A bit (3) Not clear (4) Disagree a bit (5) Strongly disagree
36. Housework (looking after children, washing clothes, cooking the meal etc.) is the due
responsibility of a wife. How much do you agree with the view?
(1) Very much (2) A bit (3) Not clear (4) Disagree a bit (5) Strongly disagree
37. As far as you know, the influence of women on local public affairs is
(1) Dominating (2) Gradually increasing (3) Gradually decreasing
(4) not making any difference (5) Other
VII. Social Connection
38. When your family has a difficulty in living, generally who will you turn to for help? (select 2
options)
(1) Kinsfolk of the husband’s parent (2) Kinsfolk of the wife’s parent
(3) Married son’s family (3) Married brother ’s family (4) Village cadre
(5) Township cadre (7) Neighbor (8) Friend from school (9) Other
39. Generally speaking, how are you satisfied with your current life?
(1) Very satisfied (2) Satisfied (3) Generally satisfied
(4) Unsatisfied (5) Very unsatisfied
40. How do you think life of you family will become in the next five years?
(1) Better (2) Nearly the same (3) Worse (4) I don’t know
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Appendix III: Outline of Villager Interviews for Hubei Yakou
Shipping Hub Project
I. Economy of village collectives and livelihood and lifestyle of general farmers’
family
1. Economic development of the village collective
2. Financial conditions of general family
3. Agricultural production (method, income, proportion)
4. Migrant workers (Migrant destinations, income, future development)
5. Current status of poverty-stricken population (cause of poverty, support measures
and effects, possible positive and negative impact of the project)
II. Possible impact of the project
1. Understanding of the project
2. Impact of land acquisition on long-term livelihood
3. Attitude towards land
4. General practice at present
5. Expected practice
6. Impact of house demolition
7. General resettlement method
8. Possible problems in the project
9. Expected resettlement method
10. Other impacts
III. Hopes and Suggestions for the Project
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