E-254 REVISED VOL. 1 world Bank Loan Project ZHANGZHOU-ZHAOAN EXPRESSWAY & THE HER ROAD PROJECT Fujian Provincial Highway Project X . Tongjiang-Sanya National Highway Trunk Line People's Republic of Chini - ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.-I, SUM--ARY ~~ -- - 4--s ~~~~., '~~~- - -~ 4~~~~V ~4X ;fZ Ng 4* ~ ~ ~ _ - ' V ..~ -De - V.V4~~~~~~~~~0 World Bank Loan Project ZHANGZHOU-ZHAOAN EXPRESSWAY & THE OTHER ROAD PROJECT Fujian Provincial Highway Project II Tongjiang-Sanya National Highway Trunk Line People's Republic of China ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Fujian Provincial Communications Department April 1999 CONTENT I IN IIODUCTION .I............................. 1 1.1 Purpose of EIA .............. 1 1.2 Bases of EIA ............... 1 1.3 Scope and Standards of ELIA ............. .2 1.4 Procedure and Phase of EIA ..............4 2 ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION ..............5 2.1 Scope of the Project and Technological Indexes ...................................................5 2.2 Construction Scope ....................................................5 3 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ..................................................7 3.1 Present Natural Environment along the Proposed Highway ..............................7 3. 1.1 Land Features and Topography ....................................................7 3.1.2 Meteorology ....................................................7 3.1.3 Hydrogeology ....................................................7 3.2 Assessment of Status Quo of Soil Erosion .............. .....................................7 3.3 Present Assessment of Lead Content in Soil and Crops ......................................8 3.4 Present Situation of Social Environment ..................................................8 3.4.1 Present Situation of Social Economic ...................................................8 3.4.2 Cultural & Historical Relics Investigation ............................................... . . 9 3.5 Living Environment Quality .................................................... 11 3.5.1 Assessment of Present Erivironmental Noise along the Alignment ...................... 11 3.5.2 Present Air Environment Quality . .................................................. 11 3.5.3 Present Water Environment ................................................... 12 3.5.4 Present Ecological Environment . . ......................... 12 4 PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES13 4.1 Major Environment Impacts During Construction Phase ................................ 13 4.2 Social Environment Impact .............................................. 14 4.3 Acoustic Environment Impact .............................................. 14 4.4 Impact on Environmental Air Quality .............. ................................ 14 4.5 Impact on Surface Water Environment ................. ............................. 15 4.6 Environmental Impact of Interchanges and Link Roads .................................. 16 4.7 Environmental Impact of the Other Road Projects ........................................... 17 .1- S ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES ....................................................... 19 5.1 Introduction of Engineering Schemes ...................................................... 19 5.2 Environmental Comparison of Schemes ...................................................... 20 5.3 Comparison Analysis on Alternate Schemes of Sensitive spots ............ ............ 25 6 ANALYSIS ON LOSS AND BENEFIT OF ENVIRONMENT ........................... 29 6.1 Estimation of EP Investment ......................... 29 6.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection Investment . ........ ... 29 6.3 EP Investment Estimation for the Other Road Projects .................................... 31 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ... 32 7.1 Environmental Management Agencies and Their Responsibilities .......... ........ 32 7.2 EP Agencies and Their Functions During Operation Phase ............................. 32 7.3 Major Issues in Environmentai Protection Management Plan ............. ............ 35 7.4 Environmental Protection Supervision Plan ...................................................... 40 7.5 Environmental Protection Staff Training ...................................................... 41 7.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...................................................... 42 7T6 1 Environm.ental Monitoring Plan in Construction Phase . ...................................... 42 7.6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan in Operation Phase . ........................................... 43 7.7 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Other Road Projects .................................. 44 8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................. 46 8.1 Investigation Subjects and Way of Participation ............................................... 46 8.2 Typical Consultations and Hearings ...................................................... 46 8.3 Statistic Results of Public Participation and Opinion Treatment ..................... 47 9 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 48 APPENDIX MAP 1. Sketch Map of the Distribution of Agriculture Area 2. Sketch Map of the Alignment & Environmental Monitoring Spots for Zhangzhou- Zhaoan Expressway 3. Sketch Map of the Layout of the Piling Sites of Construction Materials 4. Sketch Map of the Sensitive Spots along Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway & Monitoring Spots of the Environmental Action Plan -2- Figure 1-1 Location Map of Fujian Provincial Highway Project I Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway & the Other Road Projects )tir,{i .,7 F 1 6 Class III 6 6.5-8.5 A0.05 >5 Note: CODm,, Chemical Oxygen Demand determined by the method of Potassium Permanganate oxidation DO---Dissolved Oxygen Table 1-2 Sea water Quality Standards GB3097-97 Classification pH SS (mg/I) CODM, (mg/l) DO (mg/) Oil (mg/l) Class I 7.5-8.5 (I0 62 >6 <0.05 Class 2 7.5-8.5 A50 S3 >5 <0.05 Class 3 6.8-8.8 _I100 4 >4 <0.30 Note: SS--Suspended Solid Table 1-3 Fishery Water Quality Standards GB11607-89 Items Standard SS Artificially imposed amount- 10mg/;, and the deposited SS should not have unfavorable impact on aquatic plants and animals. pH Freshwater 6.5-8.5 , Seawater 7.0-8.5 DO In the 24 hours in evety day, at least in 16 hours >5mg/l,, and in any other times >-3mg/l., for water bodies have salmon ¢4mgil at any time. Oil A0.05mg/l Jiuzhen Port and other ports adopt Class 2 in " Seawater Quality Standards "; Jiulongjiang River and Zhangjiang River adopt Class III in " Surface Water Quality Standards " and Class 2 in " Seawater Quality Standards "; Yangmei Reservoir: Class II in " Surface Water Quality Standards ". (4) Atmosphere " Environmental Air Quality Standards " GB3095-1996, see Table 1-4 Table 1-4 Environmental Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996 Items Sampling Time Standard If Unit of Concentration TSP daily average 0.30 NO, daily average 0.10 mgNm3 ________________ hourly avcrage 0.15 daily average 4.00 co hourly average 10.00 Note: TSP-Total Suspended Particles NO--Nitrogen Oxides CO-Carbon monoxide 3 1.4 Procedure and Phase of EIA EIA Phases of this project are: 1. Construction phase: July 1, 1 999-Dec. 31, 2002 2. Short term phase of operation: 2003-2005 3. Mid term phase of operation: 2005-2010 4. Long term phase of operation: 2010-2020 According to the regulations of the State Environmental Protection Administration ( SEPA ) and the Ministry of Communication, the EIA procedure of this project is specified in Figure 1-2. Entrustment . $ .~~~~4 On-the-spot survey & data collection Compilation of EIA Outline Approval by SEPA Public Participation Signature of EIA contract Survey of present environment Measures o Engineering environmental analysis | Impact analysis & prognosis Present environment monitoring Target of protection Feasibility assessment lP rsis c aluaion Compilation of report I Pre-exa-mination by EP Division of MOC . .~~~~~~~~4 Final Approval by SEPA Figure 1-2 Procedures of EIA 4 2 ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION 2.1 Scope of the Project and Technological Indexes The project is an access-controlled, grade-separated expressway with divided two lanes in each direction and with a total length of 140.459km, and a total investment of RMB 5,054 million yuan. The major construction scope and technical indexes for the expressway are shown in Table 2-1 & 2-2 where the Data in the table are taken from the April 1998 version of Engineering Feasibility Study Report. See Figure 2-1 for the alignment and major controlling spots. Other road projects include 1. Longhaiba:shui Large Bridge It is 487m long with a total cost amounting to RMB 3452,000 yuan. It is to be built based on the general class 2 standard in slightly rolling area. Its construction will start in Oct. 1999 and be finished in Sept. 2001. 2. Huaan Highway (Tankou-Chengguan) Its total length is 41.73 km, with a total investment of RMB243,518,000 yuan. It is to be constructed in accordance with the general class 2 road standard and the construction period will be from May 1999 to May 2001. 3. Huxi-Chiling Highway Its total length is 9,07 km. It is to be paved according to the general class 2 road standard (in heavily rolling areas). Its total investment amounts to RMB243,518,000 yuan and it will be built from May 1999 to May 2001. 2.2 Construction Scope The project is an access-controlled, grade-separated expressway with divided two lanes in each direction and with a total length of 140.459km. The major construction scope and technical index for the expressway are shown in Table 2-1 & 2-2. Data in the table are from the April 1998 version of Engineering Feasibility Study Report. 5. Table 2-1 Engineering Work Amounts (April 1998) No. Items Units Quantity I Total length of the line km 140.459 2 Volume of earthwork & stonework 10,000 m 1780.053 3 Subgrade drainage & protection work 10,00Om3 92.443 4 Soft subsoil treatment kin 27.57 _ High grade pavement 1000m2 2877.204 6 Culvert No. 445 7 Small and medium bridge m /No. 3044171 8 Large bridge m /No. 1835/10 9 Extra-large bridge m /No. 6322/7 10 Tunnel m /No. 4580/2 I I Interchange No. 9 12 Grade separation No. 79 13 Underpasses No. 292 14 Land acquisition mu 19282 15 Demolished house m2 70097 16 Link road km 5.0+8.0 Table 2-2 Major Technical Indices (April 1998) Expressway Class I highway v=lOOkmih Class 2 highway v= 100km/h (Dongyuan-Fugong (Huxi-Fuotan Indices \ (Beitou-Houling) link road) link road) Length (km) 140.459 5.0 8.0 Designed speed (kmJh) 100 100 40 Subgrade width (m) 26.0 25.5 12.0 , . Lane (m) 2 X 7.5 2 X 7.5 9.0 2.Division (m) 3.5 (separation and road margin) 3.0 (separation and road margin) 3. Road shoulder (m) 2X3.75 2 X 3.75 2X 1.5 Designed standard axle load of Designed standard axle load Designed standard axle load Designed standard subgrade 100KN IOOKN axle load IOOKN Ordinary minimum radius of 700 700 100 horizontal curve (m) Limited minimum radius of 400 400 60 horizontal curve(m) .m Sight stopping distance (m) 160 160 40 Max. longitudinal (%) 4 4 7 Designed flood frequency of 1/100 1/100 1/50 subgrade (%) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Designed flood frequency of 1/300 1/300 1/100 Extra-large bridge (%) Designed flood frequency of 1/100 1/100 1/100 medium or large bridge (%) Designed flood frequency of small 1/100 1/100 1/50 bridge and culvers(%) Deindtruck load Truck super-20, Truck super-20, Truck super-20, Designed truck load trailer-120 trailer-120 trailer-120 Toll station, management station, communication system, Essential safety facilities and Essential safety Traffic engineering & safety surveillance system, power service facilities will be facilities will be service facilities supply system, safety facilities, established established service facilities will be established 6 3 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 3.1 Present Natural Environment along the Proposed Highway 3.1.1 Land Features and Topography The topographical terrain of the expressway rises from southeast to northwest. It is a rolling area in southeast part of Fujian Province, which is an extending part of Daiyun (north) & Buoping (northwest) Mountains. Geology of this area where the rout line will go through belongs to low-hill rolling areas, terra rossa terrace & plain. 3.1.2 Meteorology Being of subtropical climate with marine seasonal winds, the regions along the expressway are mild & humid, with abundant rainfall. Crops have three ripe seasons a year. For meteorology information along the line, see Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Meteorology Information Average Average Average Average Relative Meteorology temperature precipitation wind Max vvjnd foggy days temperature Station in years in ycars precipitation velocity in velocity in years in years (~C) (mm) (mm) years (mis) (d) (%1/) .__ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( miS) Longhai 21 1374.7 1848.7 2.8 28 12.6 80 C ity I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zhangpu 21 1427 2101.7 2.5 21 11.1 78 County Yunxiao 21.2 1712.5 2493.2 2.7 34 7.5 79 - County__ _ _ ___ _ _ _ Zhaoan 21.3 1420.8 2024.2 2.9 34 10.2 78 3.1.3 Hydrogeology The major water bodies are Jiulongjiang River (Nanxi Stream), Gangtouxi Stream, Jiuzhengang, Zhangjiang River, Gangkou, and Dongxi Stream, etc. The water coming from northwest, flowing southeastward into the sea. There are three types of developmental sub ground water along the line: (1) Bedrock joint water; (2) Residual accumulation- sloping accumulation interstitial plerotic water; (3) Alluvium-diluvium interstitial plerotic water. 3.2 Assessment of Status Quo of Soil Erosion Fujian is one of the provinces suffering from severe soil erosion with a total eroded area of 13,560 km2, accounting for 11.9% of the total land area of Fujian Province. It is not only a disaster to local agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, but also affects 7 navigation and power generation. According to the information provided by the water and soil reservation committee of Zhangzhou City, the average erosion module along the highway is 402.5-484.2 t / * y . See Table 3-2 for the present soil erosion status. From Table 3-2, we know that the soil erosion in Zhaoan county is rather serious. Therefore, the major reservation works to mitigate soil erosion are in Zhaoan County. Table 3-2 Present Situation of Soil Erosion (Yr. 1996) Extent of so.l erosion Longhai Zhangpu Yunxiao Zhaoan City County County County Arcaoferosion 310532 125722 271115 747200 (mu) ._ __ _ __._ _ Proportion of total iand area 16.72 31.3 17.58 40.5 (%/o) Light erosion area 130372 112303 157453 283189 (mu) Proportion of total area 41.9 89.33 58.08 37.9 Medium erosion area 59224 3026 5529 180075 Proportion of total area 19.0 2.41 20.4 24.1 Heavy ercsion area 93395 10393 51522 283936 Proportion of total area 30.1 8.26 19.0 38.0 Average erosion module 402 402.5 484.2 (tlkM2 y) 40.5 402.5 405482 3.3 Present Assessment of Lead Content in Soil and Crops For lead content in the soil, Class 2 of" Standard for Soil Environment Quality" GB15618-1995 is applied, in which the lead content in soil is limited as PbS300mg/kg. The monitoring result shows that the lead content in 5 soil samples is between 24.5-34.6 mg/kg, which is far below the assessment limitation (300mg/kg), and near to the back ground level of Fujian Province (geometric average 36.4 mg/kg). This reveals that soil along the proposed highway has not been deteriorated by lead yet, and there is still a rather large capacity between current situation to the standard limitation. Analogous analysis has done for this project according to the monitoring information of lead content of crops and fruits along Fuzhou-Quanzhou Expressway. The assessment results shows that the lead content in crops and fruits has not exceed the standard, so the crops and fruits belong to unpolluted foods. 3.4 Present Situation of Social Environment 3.4.1 Present Situation of Social Economic There are four counties along the whole line of the proposed expressway (Longhai, Zhangpu, Yunxiao and Zhaoan), under the jurisdiction of Zhangzhou City, which is at the southem tip of Fujian province, connecting with Xiamen City, facing 8 on the Taiwan Straits in the southeast. The area of Zhanzhou City is 12607km2. According to statistic information in 1996, the population is 436,2340; population density, 343/ kin2; birthrate, 16.81%o, and the average population density along the expressway is 34%o higher than the provincial average. The climate is warm and humid, which is suitable for tropical and subtropical plants. For farm crops there are three harvest seasons a year. Grain yield of Longhai City is the highest in the province. Zhangzhou City is rich in agriculture products such as sugar cane, mushroom, asparagus, peanut, tobacco leaf, jute, tea, tremella, etc. More than 40 kinds of fruit such as: longan, orange, litchi, banana, and pomelo, pineapple, and among these fruits, yield of banana, pineapple and lithi is 70% of the provincial yield. Zhangzhou City is also famous for narcissas in the country and overseas. Thanks to the long coastline of Zhangzhou City, this region is rich in various kinds of marine products, such as laver, kelp, shrimp, eel, scallop, clam, sturgeon, etc. The primary industry of Zhangzhou City is light industry, various industries have been developed, such as food processing, textile, building materials, chemical industry, machinery, electronic industry, etc. A diversified industry system has been formed already. For the major economical indexes in 1996, see Table 3-3. Table 3-3 Economical Index of the Impacted Area unit: 10000 yuan (Yr. 1996) Region Production value of agr. & ind. Total Agriculture Industry Zhangzhou 5,774,256 1,489,187 4,285,069 3,010,881 2,995,873 Longhai 1,407,302 281,846 1,125,456 649,463 647,395 City Yunxiao 442,253 99,523 342,712 237,998 237,898 C ounty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zhangpu 1,022,275 268,401 753,874 478,210 477,646 County__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zhaoan 495,943 196,120 299,823 287,791 275,679 County __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.4.2 Cultural & Historical Relics Investigation Names of the cultural and historical relics to be protected along the proposed highway and protective measures for them are listed in Table 3-4. Their exploration and investigation were completed by the Archaeological Investigation Team of Fujian Provincial Cultural and Historical Relics Management Committee by March 15, 1999. 9 Table 3-4 Distribution of relics along Zhangzhao expressway & protective measures Relics Road sections Site Age Interference with Proposed protective measures the proiect _ Fenglinwei A section (Dongyun) Fengming Building of 1 5m away from the I. A bridge for the section is to be built and rotary-drilling technique will be used for the Hui temple link road (k2+ 100) village, Dongyun Qing embankment construction of the piers. Precautions against the vibration of construction equipment town, Longhai dynasty should be taken properly. city i(above 2. The protcctive measures should be taken in cooperation with the local cultural unit. ground) _________________________________________________ Xidong ruin B section (k34+600- Xidong village, Ancient The proposed Rescuing Excavation is to be carried out by the local cultural unit in the early stage of k35+100) Chitu town, Ibuilding Xidong large bridge construction so that the articles found will be measured the cleaned and the detailed Zhangpu county (under will pass the hill at 2 information be gathered. ground) places Precious excavated articles will be sent to the cultural unit in the county for ___________ _preservation. Nanshan B section (k61+300- Zhennan village, Ancient The proposed Ditto ruin K61+600) Duxun town, building expressway will pass Zhangpu county i(under through it. ground) Shangabian B section (k69+650- Shangabian Ancient The proposed I. In site exploration and investigation will be carried so that the pictures, drawings can ruin K69+700) village, Xizhen building expressway will pass be obtained and the detailed infornation be-gathered. town, Zhangpu (above through the north 2. Rescuing excavation is to be carried out at the northwestern corner of the ruin. The county ground) corner of it. unearthed articles will be sent to the cultural unit in the county for preservation. Precious articles above ground should also be protected appropriately. 4. Environmental monitoring should be carried out during construction and operation ___________ ____________________ phases. Luowanjing B section (k78+ 100- Luanwanjing Ancient kiln T'he proposed I. Rescuing excavation is to be carried out during the early stage of construction. The ancient kiln K79+200) village, Shaxi expressway will pass unearthed articles will be sent to the cultural unit in the county for preservation. town, Zhangpu through it in the east- 2. Special exhibitions will be held for the excavated articles and information obtained by county west direction. the cultural unit. 3. Anything unpredictable should be considered properly by the contractor and the cultural unit. 10 3.5 Living Environment Quality 3.5.1 Assessment of Present Environmental Noise along the Alignment According to the acoustic monitoring results in Table 3-5-2, and the assessment standard in " Environmental Noise Standards in Urban Areas ", GB 3096-93, there are only two spots (Beitou and Changmaolin) exceeding the Class 2 standard, which are the rnost seriously impacted spots by the traffic noise on the existing highways. Beitou is at. the start point of Xiamen-Zhangzhou Expressway, with a large traffic volume due to dense population and developed economy. Its noise level is 63.7dB in daytime, 52.5dB in nighttime, both of which exceed the Class 2 standard. Changmaolin is near to the existing national road No.324, its noise level is 58.0dB in daytime, which is below Class 2 standard, 52.5dB in nighttime. exceeding the Class 2 standard. From the present acoustic data of sensitive spots in Table 3-5-3 and 3-5-4 we can see that none of the present noise Leq values of residential sensitive spots of villages and towns exceed the adopted accustic standards. Only the present noise Leq values of Neixi Prim. Sch. and HoiIdai Prim. Sch. exceed Class 1 standard. Except for these two spots, noise Leq value range of the other schools or hospital is Leq (A)=45.2-53.4dB in daytime, Leq (A)=37.4-4i.3dB in nighttime, which satisfied Class I standard of GB3096-93. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the present acoustic environment along the proposed highway is rather good. 3.5.2 Present Air Environment Quality (1) One-hour average concentrations of CO in the ambient air of the 4 monitoring spots range from 0.75 to 3.00 mg/Nm3, and daily average values of CO range from 0.84 to 1.95 mg/Nm3. Both of the one-hour average values and daily average values of CO tested did not exceed the Class 2 standards in GB3095-1996, in which one-hour average concentration of 10.00mg/Nm3 and daily average concentration of 4.00mg/Nm3 are specified respectively. (2) One-hour average concentrations of NOx about the ambient air at the monitoring spots range from 0.005 to 0.020 mg/Nm3, and daily average concentration range from 0.005 to 0. 016 mg/Nm3. Both of the one-hour average concentrations and daily average concentration of NOx tested did not exceed the class 2 standards in GB3095-1996, in which one-hour average concentration of 0.1 5mg/Nm3 and daily average concentration of 11 0.1 Omg/Nm3 specified respectively. (3) Table 3-6-5 indicates daily average concentrations of TSP in the ambient air at the monitoring spots range from 0.018 to 0.164 mg/Nm3, which is not higher than the limitation of the Class2 standards in GB3095-1996 (0.30 mg/Nm3). From the analysis above, it can be seen that the pollutants concentration of local air is rather low, so the ambient air quality along.the proposed highway is good. 3.5.3 Present Water Environment 1. Nanxi Stream of Jiuiongjiang River System The water quality of Nanxi Stream met the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class III), but exceed the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). 2.Yiangmei Reservoir The water quality of Yiangmei Reservoir satisfied the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class II). 3. Jiouzhen Port The water quality of Jiouzhen Port satisfied the adopted Sea Water Quality Standard (Class 2). 4. Zhangjiang River The water quality of Zhangjiang River met the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class ILI), but exceed the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). 5. Zhaoanwan Port The water quality of Zhaoanwan Port met the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). 3.5.4 Present Ecological Environment The vegetation along the proposed expressway is mainly of agriculture. The major farm crops includes rice, wheat, soy bean, corn, potato, etc. The economic crops mainly consist of tea, sugar cane, peanut, and fruits. In the EIA assessment scopes of the other road projects (Tankou-Chengguan Highway, Huxi-Chiling Highway, and Baishui Large Bridge Longhai City), the air quality environment and surface water environment are similar to that of the main line, so the environmental quality is fairly good. Only the acoustic environment in 30% of the suburban area of Huaan town is beyond the required standard. 12 4 PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Major Environment Impacts During Construction Phase 1. Based on the prediction, after the highway is put into operation, the lead dust will be accumulated continuously because of the increased traffic volumes, thus leading to increased lead content and decreased of lead capacity. The background value of lead content at present at Xinzhong, for example, is 26.8 mg/kg. In 2010, the 7th year of operation, however, the lead content will come up to 36.62 mg/kg. While in 2020, the amount will be as high as 47.75 mg/kg, which is far less than the assessment standard 300mg/kg. The increase of lead content year after year in soil, or the decrease of lead capacity in soil, is caused by the pollution of the lead particulate from the vehicular exhaust pipes. However, beginning from Jan. 2000, only lead free oil can be use in our country, the exhausted gas from traffic vehicles will not cause lead pollution to the environment. 2. The total land area for permanent land use (including paddy and non-irrigated land) will be 11,385 mu. Assuming that the average yield is 1,114 kg per mu, the reduction of grains every year will be 12.682.89 t, meaning a loss of 20.2926 million RMB yuan (1.6 yuan per kilogram). The construction will use 2,608 mu of orchards, which means a loss of 52.16 million yuan per year (20 thousand yuan per mu). The alignment will use 195 mu of aquatic ponds. which means a loss of 5.85 million vuan per year ( 30 thousand yuan per mu). Considered the suggestions from farmers of Neixi and Dongyuan asking for less land acquirement, the designing institute has changed the 4km long of high embankment road section at the start point to viaduct, 144 mu cultivated land is preserved. 3. In the rather long period of construction, a large amount of earth and stone works may cause the deterioration of vegetation, and make worse the situation of soil erosion. It is predicted that the soil erosion volume will be 5.211 times of that before construction of this project. To mitigate the situation of soil erosion, this EIA statement put forward the measures as 66 places of large area slope protection, 7 chosen spots of spoil plants, 10269.07 mu total area of plantation along the road, which is 53.25% of the engineering land occupation. 4. Based on the result of investigation, no state protected wild animal and plant have been found in the assessment scope along the proposed highway. However during the process of construction, the workers should be informed of the relevant laws and regulations of animals and plants protection. In construction activities, if these animals and plants are encountered, the authorities should be informed of findings in order to take proper measures to protect them. Clauses concerning protection of wild animals and plants should be involved in the biding construction documents. 13 4.2 Social Environment Impact 1. The amount of house demolition is shown in Table 4-3-1. In the alignment design, although efforts were made to avoid towns and villages, some demolition is unavoidable because of dense population and developed economy. In the scope that within 200 m from the road side along the proposed highway, there are: 65 villages, 14 schools, and I hospital. The houses demolished altogether are 70,097 in2, including 20,858m2 of brick and concrete buildings, 41,161m2 of brick and timber buildings, 2,126m2 of timber and earth buildings, and 5,952 m2 simple structure buildings. 2. During construction of the expressway, the construction vehicles may damage the local roads to some extent, repairing work should be done by the construction unite after construction. 3. To minimize the adverse impact on residents by the separation of highway, the following facilities will planned to be built: 9 interchanges, 79 grade separations, 292 passageways. There are 2.7 average cross passages on every mile of highway, which will satisfy the necessary of local residents. 4. To ensure the safety of the two tunnels, two tunnel management groups have been set at the entrances of the tunnels. They will be responsible to the management, safety, and environmental monitoring of the tunnels. 4.3 Acoustic Environment Impact 1. During construction period, the noise from construction machinery will impact the residents within 150m. Construction in nighttime is prohibited. 2. The prediction shows that the acoustic environment will be impacted significantly in operation. The excess ratio in short term, mid term and long term operation is 68.8%, 72.5% and 77.5% individually. 3. Traffic noise mitigation measures are as follows (1) Temporary sound proof screen 100 X 2m will be built at Houdai Prim. Sch. (2) 27 villages and 2 schools will be removed. (3) Altogether 10450 m2 of soundproof screens will be built at 20 places. (4) Altogether 7780 m2 of surrounding walls for villages and schools will be heightened at 18 places; 27 places of soundproof afforestation will be adopted. (5) The red line of traffic noise in 2020 (long- term operation) is 139 m at night, so it is suggested that the new houses be built 150 m beyond. 4.4 Impact on Environmental Air Quality 1. Concentrations of CO, NOx and TSP in the Study Areas meet class 2 standards in 14 GB3095 - 1996, so the air is quite good. 2. Predicted concentrations of CO and NOx by 2020 in operation will not exceed assessment standards of ambient air, so the operation of the highway will not have significant impact on environment. 3. During the construction phase, fugitive dust from hauling trucks will pollute the air, so mitigation measures will be taken. Water spraying will be done regularly at construction sites and roads. 4 new spraying vehicles have been prepared, each construction site will provided with a simple spraying vehicle. 4. The asphalt for pavement will come from mixing stations. The Asphalt mixing equipment will be equipped with dust collectors and will be located at least 300 m from' residential areas on the down wind directions. The locations of asphalt mixers will be determined in construction drawing design stage because they are related to the locations of construction sites. Open or half-open operation will not be allowed. The asphalt and concrete mixers must have dust removing installations. 5. The design mechanical ventilation for Kuzhishan Tunnel is 2,352 m3 / min, 12 axial fans needed. While the design mechanical ventilation for Dabushan Tunnel is 1,825 rn3 / m of ventilation, 8 axial fans needed. 6. Beginning from Jan. 2000, only lead-free petrol can be used all over the country. Therefore the exhausting gas from traffic vehicles will not result in lead pollution to air and soil. 4.5 Impact on Surface Water Environment 1. Assessment results and analysis of present water quality (1) Nanxi Stream of Jiulongjiang River System The water quality of Nanxi Stream met the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class III), but exceed the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). (2)Yiangmei Reservoir The water quality of Yiangmei Reservoir satisfied the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class II). (3) Jiouzhen Port The water quality of Jiouzhen Port satisfied the adopted Sea Water Quality Standard (Class 2). (4) Zhangjiang River The water quality of Zhangjiang River met the adopted Surface Water Quality Standard (Class 1EI), but exceed the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). (5) Zhaoanwan Port The water quality of Zhaoanwan Port met the adopted Seawater Quality Standards (Class 2). 2. According to the prediction calculation, except for the oil index of the water 15 quality of Yangmei reservoir and Naxi Stream, the water quality of the other surface waters along the alignment will meet their assessment standards when the proposed highway being put into operation. 3. The construction of extraordinary large bridges will induce unfavorable impact on water bodies. 4. The following measures will be adopted (1) The service area originally set at the vicinity of Yangmei Reservoir is changed to Heken, which is 5km away from the reservoir. (2) The service centers will each set up Class2 waste water disposal stations. (3) Toll stations and tunnel management stations will set up waste water facilities. (4) Cofferdams should be used during pier construction; (5) Oil-water separators will be installed on construction ships; (6) Domestic garbage will be collected and assembled, then transport to nearby cities or counties for central treatment. 4.6 Environmental Impact of Interchanges and Link Roads 1. Either side of the Xialoucun village near Duxun Interchange will be impacted by the ring road of the interchange. Guanyinting village and Xiagaoxi village near Yunxiao Interchange will be impacted by the ring road of the interchange and the existing 324 National Highway. Afforestation will be adopted out side the village to aleviate the noise and exhaust gas pollution. 2. Zhangpu Interchange locates between two hills with no villages nearby. However, the route line and several ring road of the expressway will pass through the existing irrigation ditch for 6 times. To avoid the impact on the farmland irrigation system, fly- over or channel alternation works for the irrigation system should be finished before the construction of interchanges. 3. The construction of the extra-large bridge on Nanxi will impact the water quality. To eliminate the impact by the construction of bridge piers on the river water, reasonable procedures such as cofferdam method or drop shaft sinking will be taken in construction. Oil-water separator will be installed on the construction ships. 4. Dongyuan Mid. Sch. is the most seriously standard exceeded spot. Heightening surrounding wall (High 3m, Length 140m) and afforrestation in the school will be adopted for mitigation of the noise impact. 5. 11 passageways will be built for the convenience and safety of the residents separated by the expressway. 6 The domestic sewage of construction camps and toll station will be treated by the septic tanks. Garbage collection stations will be built for regular assemble and disposal. 7. Rain water accumulation under the interchange is a general existing problem of interchange. It should be paid attention to in the designing. Drainage facilities such as 16 pumps should be provided in case the pavement under the interchange is not high enough for drainage. It is evident that all the major construction materials for each sections, such as earth, sand, gravel, stones and lime etc will be obtained in the vicinity of the alignment, most of which will be hauled to the site via the simple hauling road or existing roads. Steel, cement, lime, timber etc for the project will come from local areas. The roads for such materials mainly includes G324 line and Zhang-Yun provincial highway. The total weight of such materials will amount to 762329.4t. As to the 4 years construction period, the first construction period will be 3 years for the construction of embankment and bridges. During this period, about 7 or 8 vehicles per hour in daytime will be added to each section of the existing roads. This is predicted based on the assumption that there are 300 working days per year, 8 working hours per day, and the loading capacity of the vehicle is 5t (standard medium-sized one). Therefore, though the hauling vehicles have no marked impact on the acoustic environment, the dust resulting from such hauling vehicles will impact the environmental condition to a certain extent. 4.7 Environmental Impact of the Other Road Projects 1. Tankou-Chengguan Road Section (1) Impact on Ecological environment Total land occupation of the road project is 1,104 mu. In addition to the existing road, only acquisition of 167.5 mu land will be needed. According to the on-site investigation, the alignment of the road project basically goes along with the Jiulongjiang river, which is confined by the landform. Therefore very little farm land will be included in the land acquisition, with some only for temporary use. And there are unused land which can be developed to mitigate the impact on the farm land loss. Owing to the land occupation and the cutting and filling work in the construction period particularly for the widened subgrade, some cover plant will have to be damaged. However, due to the fact that one side of the road is beside the Jiulongjiang river and the other side is at the foot of hill slope, where the cover plant is few; therefore, on the whole the impact arising from the road project on the cover plant is small, and the damage caused by the road project will be mitigated by plantation and greening engineering work, taking advantage of the local humidity and warm climate. The maximum soil erosion during the construction period of the road project may be 5.211 times as much as that before the road construction. (2) Impact on Water environiment Local river substrate silt resuspension will occur in the beginning of the bridge construction caused by piling or cofferdam construction, which will have negative impact on water quality. The sewage and wastes from the labour camp and the construction site may be brought over into river to cause water pollution. The dusts arising from subgrade construction and construction material transport may also be brought over into the river, 17 which will have impact on water quality. However, on the whole this kind of impact is temporary and slight. (3) Impact on Acoustic environment According to the prediction: By the year of 2000, there will be no exceeding of the noise level over the standard limit for all the sensitive points either by day or by night; By the year of 2005, there will be exceeding of 3.2dB(A) by night for the first raw building beside the road at the sensitive points of Huangzao and Xinyu; and exceeding of 1.2dB(A) for Xinyu primary school; By the year of 2010, there will be exceeding of different extent for all the sensitive points except for the Xinyu hospital by night , with the maximum exceeding of 4.7dB(A) (Huangzao, Xinyu); By the year of 2015, only the Xinyu primary school will have noise exceeding of 1.2dB(A) over the standard limit by day; and there will be some noise level exceeding over 0.5-6.2dB(A) for all the sensitive points by night, which show that the irnpact of the road traffic noise on the sensitive points is small for the school; by night, however the impact on the residents close to the road may be significant. (4) Impact on Air environment The TSP arising from material transport may be serious, with TSP concentration may exceed the Class II standard within the areas 1 50m from the roadside. It can be seen from the prediction results that CO and NOx concentrations are below the standard limit, which shows that the impacts on the ambient air qualitv caused by the road traffic is small. 2. Huxi-Chilin Highway (1) Impact on Ecological environment The farm land occupation is 272.1 mu, with 680 trees and 1,790 clumps of banana to be cut, which will have direct impact on the farmers' income and production. The maximum soil erosion during the construction period of the road project may be 5.211 times as much as that before the road construction. (2) Impact on Water environment During construction period, the factors may cause water pollution are as the following: Oil leaked from construction machines; Flying dust arising from construction materials and the run-off caused by rainfall; Discharge of wastes from bridge construction; Discharge of sewage and wastes from labour camp. During operation period the pollutants arising from the road traffic is small with little impact on the water quality. (3) Impact on Acoustic environment It can be seen from predicted results, noise level at all the sensitive spots will not exceed the Class IV standard limit. (4) Impact on Air environment It can be seen from the table that the TSP concentration at samnpling point 50m on the leeward of road is 10 times over the standard limit, and when the distance is 150m the TSP concentration still exceeds the standard limit by 4 times, which indicate that the dust 18 pollution caused by construction work is quite serious for area around road. Therefore, after the road open to traffic, the emissions of NOx and CO from the traffic in the operation period are in small quantity, up to the Class II standard. 3. Longhai Baishui Bridge (1) Impact on Ecological environment The land acquisition for the Baishui bridge project will be 59.4 mu, which is small amount and will have little impact on the agricultural system. (2) Impact on Water environment During construction, Local river substrate silt resuspension will occur caused by piling or cofferdam construction, which will have negative impact on water quality. The sewage and wastes from the labour camp and the construction site may be brought over into river to cause water pollution. During the operation period, the impact on water pollution cause by the road project will be small. (3) Impact on Acoustic environment The acoustic situation in the assessment scope satisfied the acoustic assessment standards. (4) Impact on Air environment Comparison study shows that TSP arising from material transport will be serious. After the road bridge open to traffic, the impact of the emissions from the traffic in the operation period on the ambient air quality is small. For the sensitive spot of Neijiayang 40 m from the road side, the traffic emission impact is slight, according to the forecast. (5) Impact on Social environment Construction of Baishui bridge will satisfy the demand of the local people of Dongyuan and Baishui town. The Baishui bridge will not only directly link the two towns closely together, but also link the two towns with the outside world by way of the Zhang-Zhao expressway, via the Dongyuan interchange, which will further the area's economic development. 5 ALTERNATIVE SCHEMES 5.1 Introduction of Engineering Schemes Two major two alternative alignment schemes (West Line Scheme and East Line Scheme) have been put forward by Fujian Communications Planning and Design Institute in the Project Pre-feasibility Study Report. The East Scheme was determined as the recommended scheme after pre-feasibility study. There are three sections of alternative schemes in the recommended East Line Scheme, including 19 1. Three alternative schemes of the section from Beitou to Jiuzhen 2. Two alternate schemes for the section from Andou to Xizhang The recommended Yunxiao Inner Line Scheme have two road sections (Wutian-Dapu Section & Shudong-Guanlin Section) of alternative schemes A. Two Alternative Schemes for Wutian-Dapu Section B. Two Alternative Schemes for Shudong-Lintou Section 3. Two Alternative Schemes for Zhongzai-Houling Section See Figure 2-1 for the specific alignment. 5.2 Environmental Comparison of Schemes From the point view of environmental protection, the advantage and disadvantages of the alternative schemes are compared specifically in follows. 1. Environmental Comparison of the three schemes on Beitou-Jiuzhen section See Figure 2-1 for the three schemes of Beitou--Jiuzhen section. Environmental factor comparisons are shown in Table 5-2-1. (1) Middle Line scheme has the least amount of villages along the highway, with less land acquisition and house removal. The disturbance to the social environrnent and life of residents is the lightest. (2) The rout line of the Middle Line Scheme will distribute in mountain area, which will bring benefit to the economic development of mountain area. It will greatly satisfy the social and economic demand of Zhangzhou area. (3) With less residential areas along the highway, Middle Line Scheme will have the lighter impact on the life of local residents during construction and operation period. The cost of environmental protection will be less than the other two schemes. From the enviroitment point of viev, the Middle Line Scheme is superior to the Inner Line Scheme and Outer Line Scheme. However the following environmental issues should still be paid attention to. a. Spoils from the Kuzhishan Tunnel should be properly arranged to prevent from soil erosion. b. Safety management in tunnels should be strengthened. c. Life environment of the local residents should be protected properly. 20 Table 5-2-1 Environmental Comparison of the Three Schemes on Beitou-Jiuzhen Section Item Unit Outer Line Scheme Inner Line Scheme Middle Line Scheme Route length km 54.461 45.402 45.052 Volume of stone & 10000m3 684.30 671.92 661.77 earth work Subgrade drainage. I 0000m3 44.673 40.236 40.020 and protection Soft ground basement enforce km 7.23 6.44 6.44 Tunnel n/tunnel 3170/1 2580/1 Land taken mu 6590 5780 5735 House removed m2 21110 10250 8734 Link road km 5.0 ( class 1) 16.5 ( class 2) 5.0+8.0 Large bridge nm bridge 2520/9 1200/6 1129/7 Extra-large bridge m/ bridge 1609/2 1212/2 1606/2 EP investment 10000yuan 480.18 294.11 292.14 The route line is near to the sea Less impact of Less impact of Safety shore, which may be impacted typhoon and fog typhoon and fog by typhoon and fog weather weather weather Near t . the National Locating between the Near to the National outer line and inner Planning of The route line is near to the sea Highway 324, the line, the Middle Line shore, service area will be less operation of than the Inner Line Scheme expiessway will be Sche is of disturbed to the planning of Zhangzhou area Total cost 10000yuan 167645.4 163881.3 161582 2. Environmental Comparison of the Alternative Schemes for Andou-Xizhang Section See Figure 2-1 for the alignments of alternative schemes for Andou-Xizhang Section. The comparison of the Inner Line Scheme and the Outer Line Scheme are shown in Table 5-2-2. (1) The route line of Outer Line Scheme is near to the seashore, the safety of the vehicles on the highway which will be impacted by typhoon and fog weather. The route line of Outer Line Scheme is distributed in the rolling and mountain area along the seashore with more tunnels and spoils, and the subgrade of the highway will be scoured by tides, which will impact the safety of the proposed highway. But with less land taken and removal, this scheme will have lighter impact on the environment during operation period. (2) The Inner Line Scheme will cause 7134m2 more houses demolished, and 541mu more land acquisition. The impact on the life environment (acoustic) of the residents by this scheme will be heavier than the Outer Line Scheme, but the impact on the ecological environment and soil erosion will be much lighter, and the social and economic benefits 21 of this scheme is superior to the Outer Line Scheme. Based on the comparison, we agree with the Inner Line Scheme. However, the following environmental measures should be adopted. a. Jizai Prim. School will be removed. b. Soundproof screen will be built for Xiqian Prim. School. c. Proper mitigation measures will be adopted for other impacted sensitive spots. d. Locations of tunnel spoil plants should be appointed. Table 5-2-2 Environmental Comparison of the Alternative Schemes on Andou-Xizhang Section Item Unit Inner Line Scheme Outer Line Scheme Route length km 33.00 29.95 Volume of stone & earth work 1oooom3 262.25 389.65 Subgrade drainage and I10000m3 19.53 20.76 protection Soft ground basement enforce km 8.46 3.7 Tunnel n/tunnel 2000/1 3440/4 Land taken mu 3961 3420 House removed m2 19610 12476 EP investment 10000yuan 280.2 174.6 The route line is near to the sea Safety Less impact of typhoon and fog shore, which may be impacted by weather I typhoon and fog weather More impacted by the tiding of the Impacted by the tiding Less impacted by the tiding re mo dthehtiang Rive . ~~~~river mouith of Zhangjiang River The complicated geology near Construction Difficulty seashore will bring about difficulties in construction. 3. Environmental comparison of alternative schemes for W-utila-Dapu Section This road section is a part road section involved in Andou-Xizhang section. See Table 5-2-3 for environmental factor comparison. (1) Dabushan Tunnel Scheme will have less residential sites along the highway, which will have lighter impact on the environment during operation period. Although the mileage of the tunnel is rather long, the construction work is not difficult. The benefits of Dabushan Tunnel Scheme are the same as that of the Baita Tunnel Scheme. (2) Baita Tunnel Scheme will have more residential sites along the highway, which will need much more noise mitigation measures than the Dabushan Tunnel Scheme. Based on the comparison, we believe that the Dabushan Tunnel Scheme is superior to the Baita Tunnel Scheme. So, we suggests that the Dabushan Tunnel Scheme be determined as the recommended scheme. While the following EP issues should be paid attention to. a. The water pollution may caused by the construction of Zhangjiang River Bridge. 22 b. Locations of tunnel spoil plants should be appointed. c. Water seepage problem of the tunnels should be solved. Table 5-2-3 Environmental Comparison of the Alternative Schemes on Wutian-Dapu Section Item Unit Dabushan TunMel Scheme Baita Tunnel Scheme Route length kn 13.4 15.765 Volume of stone & earth work lOOOOm3 140.61 213.56 Subgrade drainage and 10OOm3 3.762 5.98 protection Soft ground basement enforce km 8.15 6.36 Large bridge ml bridge 165/1 389/2 Extra-large bridge m/ bridge 1061/1 671/1 Tunnel m/tunnel 2000/1 860/1 Land taken mu 2087 2414 House removed m2 1842 2288 Renovated road km 0 1.5 EP investment lOOOOyuan 89.3 138.5 Total cost I °°Oyuan 59059.38 56980.51 4. Environmental comparison of alternative schemes for Shudong-Lintou Section This road section is another part road section involved in Andou-Xizhang section. See Table 5-24 for environmental factor comparison. (1) Social environment: The Outer Line Scheme passed area conforms to the local planning, with fewer disturbances to local road and irrigation facilities, which will bring more benefits to the local society and economy. (2) Ecological environment: Outer Line Scheme will have much less cutting and fillings than the Inner Line Scheme, which will have less impact on the vegetation and soil erosion status. The max excavation depth of the Inner Line Scheme is more than 30m, which will seriously impact the vegetation and soil erosion. (3) Inner Line Scheme locates in mountain areas, with a complexity geological condition, the construction work will become very difficult. It will fly over No.324 National Highway two times, and water net will be disturbed. Based on the comparison, we believe that the Outer Line Scheme is superior to the Inner Line Scheme. We recommended the Outer Line Scheme. However the following EP measures should be adopted. a. Jizai Prim. School will be removed. b. Surrounding wall will be heightened for Haifeng High School. c. Soil erosion mitigation measures should be adopted. Table 5-2-4 Environmental comparison of alternative schemes for Shudong-Lintou section Item Unit Inner Line Scheme Outer Line Scheme Route length km 17.625 19.1 Volume of stone & earth work ioooom3 232.71 202.33 Subgrade drainage and 10000m3 9.429 6.668 protection Large bridge n/ bridge 690/3 Land taken mu 2797 2373 House removed m2 3575 3658 EP investment 10000yuan 108 133 Total cost 1ooooyuan 43326.50 37606.94 5. Environmental comparison of alternative schemes for Zhongzai-Houling Section See Figure 2-1 for the alignments of alternative schemes of Zhongzai-Houling Section. The comparison of the Inner Line Scheme and the Outer Line Scheme are shown in Table 5-2-5. (1) The number of the impacted people of the Inner Line Scheme is about one times more than that of the Outer Line Scheme. The cost of EP measure will be much lass. (2) The Outer Line passed area has a smooth land feature, no tunnel, with much less earth and stone work tharn the Inner Line Scheme, which will have less impact on the ecological environment. But the amount of construction land taken and the removal is more than the Inner Line Scheme. (3) Outer Line Scheme conforms to the traffic planning of Zhaoan County. It is favorable to the development of local areas. The comparison shows that both schemes have advantages and disadvantages. The Outer Line Scheme will have less impact on the life environment of the local residents and ecological environment than the Inner Line Scheme. And the social economic benefits of the Outer Line Scheme will be better than the Inner Line Scheme. Therefore, we recommend the Outer Line Scheme. But proper EP measures should be adopted for the recommended scheme. 24 Table 5-2-5 Environmental comparison of alternative schemes for Zhongzai-Houling Section Item Unit Inner Line Scheme Outer Line Scheme Route length km 23.32 25.2 Volume of stone & earth work 1oooom3 250.43 245.48 Subgrade drainage and protection I OOOOm3 14.66 16.30 Soft ground basement enforce km 8.0 Tunnel rn/tunnel 1815/1 Land taken mu 2638 2800 House removed m2 5688 8830 Number of Impacted People person/household 614/86 321/46 EP investment 1 0000yuan 664 114 Total cost 10000yuan 71030.95 72484.48 5.3 Comparison Analysis on Alternate Schemes of Sensitive spots Based on the suggestions from WB expert, EIA working team, designing institute and resettlement office studied environment of the major sensitive spots. Alternative schemes are put forward and comparisons have been done. 1. Changed scheme of Jiangcuo-Neijiafang Section The sensitive spots impacted by the Original Scheme are Cuozai, Jiangcuo, Xinxu, Xinhe, Neijiafang and Baishui Mid. Sch. The Changed Scheme goes around the villages with less land acquisition, less impact on the residents while satisfied the engineering indices. The Changed Scheme will not pass through Xinhe and Neijiafang, which greatly mitigated the removal and number of impacted people. See Table 5-3-1 for the comparison of between two schemes. Table 5-3-1 Environmental Indices Comparison between the Original Scheme and the Changed Scheme of Jiangcuo-Neijiafang Changed scheme compared with the Item Unit Changed Scheme Original scheme original scheme Add lessen Length of the highway km 9.1 9.0 0.1 Earth & stone work 10,000m3 107.73 104.51 3.22 Drainage and protection of 4050 subgrade Ml 68850 64800 Soft ground enforcement km 4.6 4.55 0.05 Culverts pass 26 25 1 Medium and small bridges ra/No. 176/4 388/8 212/4 Land acquisition mu 815.8 806.7 9.1 Building removed m2 2617 7948 5321 No. of resettlement impacted person/househo 180/5 409/56 229/31 household Id _ No. of environmental personAhouseho 204/28 581177 378/49 impacted household Id EP investment 10,000yuan 23.2 108.4 85.2 Total investment 10,000yuan 37983.2 37894 89.2 The changed scheme has already been adopted by engineering design 25 2. Huxi sensitive spot The Original Scheme will pass through Huxi Village with a large volurne of resettlement and serious impact on the villagers. Although the Changed Scheme need more engineering works and investment, it goes around the Huxi Village, avoided the impact on the residents. See Figure 5-2 for the route trend. See Table 5-3-2 for the environmental factor comparison. Table 5-3-2 Environmental Indices Comparison between the Original Scheme and the Changed Scheme of Huxi Village Changed Changed scheme compared with the Item Unit Scheme Original scheme original scheme Add lessen Length of the km 3.7 3.63 0.07 1 highway l Earth & stone work 10,000m3 48,1 47.2 0.9 1 Drainage and n 25900 26499 599 protection of subgrade I 2S900I26499_599 Land acquisition mu 339 332 7 Building removed ml 1530 5948 4418 No. of impacted 465 eope of rttlemn person/household 128/18 533/74 406/56 people of resettlement No. of environmental mp. ct eopl person/household 396/55 1495/205 1099/150 impacted people EP investment 10,000yuan 3.2 36.4 33.2 Total investment 10,000yuan 18043.2 17985.62 57.58 The changed scheme has already been adopted by engineering design 3. Liuban, Zhulin sensitive spots The Original Scheme will pass through Liuban Village and Zhulin Village with a large volume of resettlement and serious impact on the villagers. Changed Scheme goes around the Liuban and Zhulin, avoided the impact on the residents. See Figure 5-3 for the route trend. See Table 5-3-3 for the environmental factor comparison. 26 Table 5-3-3 Environmental Indices Comparison between the Original Scheme and the Changed Scheme of Liuban Village and Zhulin Village Changed scheme compared with the Changed original scheme Item unit Scheme Original scheme Add lessen Length ofthe 3.1 3.0 0.1 highway . Earth & stone work l0,o0Om3 66.4 71.5 5.1 Drainage and Driag. n m 3 21210 21920 710 protection of subgrade Land acquisition mu 273 275 2 Building removed M2 1828 6347 4519 No. of impacted l 046 peop.e of retem person/household 43/6 44-7/3 404/67 people of resettlement No. of environmental impce penropale person/household 320/45 958/135 638/90 impacted people_ __ EP investment l 0,O00yugn 9796.44 9801 456 Total investment I 0,000yuan 9822.84 98.51.4 f 28.56 The changed scheme has already been adopted by engineering design 4. Gaoshan Village Sensitive Spot The Original Scheme passes through the middle of the Gaoshan Village. 84 household will have to be removed. If the route line move to the north of the Gaoshan Village (the Altemative Scheme in Figure 5-4), there will be no removal. However the alignment can not satisfied the engineering standard. Study result shows that the Altemative Scheme is infeasible due to the low standard line shape, which will impact the safety of running vehicles. So, the designing institute insisted that the original scheme be adopted. The EIA unit suggested that the opinions and requirements from villagers should be paid attention to, and Original Scheme should be moved considering the unfavorable impact on the village. After discussion arnong EIA unit, villagers and designing unit, agreement is attained that the route of the Original Scheme will be moved 50m northwards (the Changed Scheme in Figure 5-4). Then, 25 household will not remove. However, the environmental impact still exists. To mitigate the unfavorable impact of traffic noise, 160m X 3m and 120m X 3m soundproof screen will be built here. 27 34 household will be removed, and a crossing passageway will be built under the expressway for the convenience of the villagers. The changed scheme and EP measures are all informed to the villagers, who accepted the solving methods. See Figure 5-4 for the route trend. The comparison of the schemes is shown in Table 5-34. Table 5-3-4 Environmental Indices Comparison between the Original Scheme and the Alternative Scheme of Gaoshan Village r . Alternative scheme compared with Item Unit Original scheme Alternative the original scheme Schemec Add Lse Length of the km 5.0 5.26 0.26 highway Earth & stone work 10,000m3 116.3 157.8 41.5 Extra-large and large mn/No. 106/1 106/1 bridges Medium and small m/No. 216.5/4 134/3 82.5/1 bridges Land acquisition mu 445.8 470 24.2 Building removed m' 4922 2 4922 No. of resenlement person/househd 424/59 424/56 impacted people p 4 2 No. of environmental peTSonIhousehold 985/147 985/147 impacted people p EP investment 10,000yuan 73.5 73.5 Total investment 10,000yuan 16347.4 17884 1536.6 The Alternative Scheme is infcasible due to the low standard line shape, which will impact the safety of running vehicles. Based on the discussions among EIA unit, villagers and designing unit, agreement is attained that the route of the Original Scheme will be moved 50m northwards as the Changed Scheme in Figure 5-4. The changed scheme has already been adopted by engineering design 28 Changed Sch em / ~~~Original Scheme ...LL ' -I--. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s "O I Schem t. W)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t Figur 5- ' Jincuo Neiinf-.ng Atei-iatie Seieme If.. / 0. Dashi... e - - Changed Scberne Ws}~~s X, A = z , os; j .... / 8 'e, 75 \ riginial Scheme t~~~9 .i iv& ; a.c pv N Figure 5- 2 Huxi Alternative Schemes (1:10000) / ~ ~~~ ~~~ ..\ - - . -7-'m '- 2 ) F3 b l e / 00) Changed Scheme ~~ ~ ~ ,, riinl chm Figre inalux Alterntm cee 1100 Z_.O /,;*" .- / CFigeuSceme 3 Liba,Zuinltrntvechme 1.000 Figure 5-4 Gaoshan Alternative Schemes (1:10000) 6 ANALYSIS ON LOSS AND BENEFIT OF ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Estimation of EP Investment According to environmental protection measures put forward by this EIA report, the cost in EP works has been estimated. For the EP measures will be adopted in this project. See Table 6-1. The cost has involved the cost for' EP engineering works, staff training, environmental monitoring during construction period, and link road EP investment, while it does not include the engineering cost of plantation, sides lope protection, and water drainage, which has already been listed in the cost of engineering. The total investment of the project is 5.054 billion yuan RMB, including 42.6445 million yuan EP investment, which is 1.05% of the total investment. The cost of plantation, resettlement and side slope protection has not been involved. Compare to the total amount of project investment, the cost of EP works is rather a small part of the investment. However, when this part of EP investment surely be used for the EP facilities, the environment problems will be settled once and for all. 6.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection Investment The planned highway will have severe adverse effect on the environment in many ways. During operation of the highway, vehicle exhausts will pollute the atmospheric and water environment; dust and noise will impact on the environmental quality in residential areas. The health of people living on both sides of the highway will be affected to some extent and the normal life and work of these people will be affected as well. Therefore, practical environmental protection measures must be taken, such as sound proof measures and plantation along the road sections near sensitive spots to reduce the negative effects caused by traffic on the environment. After taking environmental protection measures, the economic loss will be retrieved each year (equal to the direct economic benefit of environmental protection), See Table 6-2 for the economic loss retrieved each year. The retrieved economic loss is calculated according to the analogical EIA data for Sanyuan-Tongchuan class 1 highway in Shaanxi Province. The data were provided by the High Grade Road Management Agency of Shaanxi Province. 29 Table 6-1 Estimated Cost in EP Works Order EP Measures Calculation method Cost (1,OOOyuan) I Assessment of Environmental Impact Calculated according to the assessment of Fujian Provincial standard 2 Designing of EP engineering Calculated as 2% of engineering investment 90 3 Water spraying vehicles 4 X I 50,O00yuan 60 4 Removal of schools 2 X 3,000,000yuan 600 S Temporary sound proof screen in construction 300yuan/m2 X 200m2at Houdai Prim. Sch. 6 6 Oil-water separator installed on ships 20,000yuan/ship X I Oship 20 7 Septic tanks in construction camps 40 X 50,000yuan 200 8 Garbage disposal in construction camps 40X3,000yuan 12 9 Ventilation fans in tunnels for EP 6 X 500,000yuan 300 10 Sewage disposal for service centers 2 X 900,O0yuan 180 I I Septic tanks at toll station, highway management station X 5x,OOOyuan 65 and tunnel management station I _ X _ _ 12 Sound proof screen 700 yuan/m2, 10450m2 371.5 13 Heightening of surrounding wall 100yuan/m2, total 7780m2 77.8 14 Noise proof afforestation 150,000yuan /siteX29site 145 15 EP staff training 8times, 197 peoples 240.45 16 Environmental monitoring in construction 160,000yuanr,ear X 3year 48 17 Afforestation near the interchanges 9 places 435 I 1 Cisterns at interchanges I 0,000yuan/each X 9 Borrow sites & rehabilitation 19 of temporarily used 8 places 150 20 Spoil plants 7 plants 240 21 Rehabilitation of the existing roads after completion of the 100 project 22 Environmental supervision during construction EP, soil erosion. EP construction acceptance and accident 60 23 Maintenance of EP facilities 200,000yuan in IO years 200 24 Road afforestation, side slope protection Has been accounted in the construction cost and draminage works 25 Dongyuan link road EP cost See Table 4-7-5 in the EIA for the method of calculation 268.7 26 Huxi link road EP cost See Table 4-7-9 in the EIA for the method of calculation 74 27 Archeological survey and excavation of cultural and 44 historical relics 28 Preservation of cultual and historical relics Construction of bridge, reduction of vibration, excavation 150 and preservaion cost_ Total 4264.45 30 Table 6-2 Yearly Retrieved Economic loss EP measures Yearly economic benefit Effects of the measures (I10000 yuan) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Less compensation for dust pollution Water sprinkle duning construction 30 and health care Wastewater treatment 50 Less water pollution Spoil sites 40 Less soil erosion, farmland protection Weak geology 150 Less slides, safety protection Impact on residents and schools is Noise control 15 iiae ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ __ ___ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____m itigated Reduction of accidents 36.2 Safety assurance Maintenance of soil conservation 20 Soil erosion is mitigated facilities__________________________________________ Total 341.20 The following formula is used to analyze the economic benefit ratio of environmental protection measures: S H Where E economic benefit ratio of environmental protection expenditure Si-- economic loss that can be retrieved each year after environmental protection measures are taken H - expenditure of environmental protection investment per year The total EP investment of this project is 42.6445 million yuan, during 20 years of operation, 2.1322 million yuan annual investment, then the economic benefit for environment protection each year is calculated out based the formula above: Ej =2.31, which illustrates that the investment of environmnent protection is reasonable. Thus, it is of great importance to execute the environmental protection measures suggested in the EIA when building the highway. The construction unit should take environmental protection measures step by step as suggested in the assessment to ensure the coordinate and sustainable development of construction and environmental protection. 6.3 EP Investment Estimation for the Other Road Projects 1. Baishui Large Bridge of Longhai City RMB523,200yuan 2. Huaan Highway (Tankou-Chengguan) RMB533,000yuan 3. Huxi-Chiling Highway RMB262,800yuan 31 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN 7.1 Environmental Management Agencies and Their Responsibilities Diagram of various EP agencies during the construction phase is as shown in Fig.7-1. The functions of the personnel and agencies at different levels during the construction phase are explained bellow. 1. Fujian Provincial Expressway Construction Directory Office (FPECDO) There will be one deputy commander responsible for the drafting of EP management plan, its implementation, management and monitoring. His leadership will ensure the fulfillment of all work relevant to EP. 2. ECDO (Expressway Construction Directory Office) of Zhangzhou City One deputy comunander will direct the EP work, and one environmental engineer will be in charge of EP management, data monitoring and collection, etc. 3. Zhanzhou ECDO and other CDO (Construction Directory Office) In each CDO there will be one deputy commander directing the EP work, and one envirornmental engineer guiding environmental supervising and monitoring work at each section of the project and directly dealing with the routine worlc. 4. Each Section In each section, one environmental engineer will oversee the EP supervision work, construction noise and dust reduction monitoring work. He is to ensure the implementation of the construction bidding documentation and EP measure in the EP action plan. 7.2 EP Agencies and Their Functions During Operation Phase Diagram of various EP agencies during the operation phase is as shown in Fig. 7-2. The functions of the personnel and agencies at different levels during the operation phase are summarized bellows. 1. EP Office of FPECDO It is to guide the EP management and to draft monitoring plan, regulations and rules for highway EP, etc, its implementation, management and monitoring. His leadership will ensure the fulfillment of all such work. 2. Zhangzhou Expressway Corporation Ltd. One deputy general manager and one environmental engineer will be responsible for EP work in Zhangzhou Expressway Corporation Ltd., under which will be two offices. In each office, one environmental engineer will be in charge of EP work. 32 Fujian Provincial Expressway Construction Directory Office (FPECDO) Environmental Protection Office (3 persons) (Idirecor and 2 clerks) Environmental Monitoring Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway CDO Environmental Monitoring Station of Fujian Province, and One deputy commander will direct EP work, and one Station of Fujian Province, and Environmental Monitoring environmental engineer will be in charge of the concrete EP work Environmental Monitoring Station of ZhangZhou City Station of ZhangZhou City Baishui Large Bridge CDO CDO of Huxi-Chiling CDO of ZhangZhou-Huaan N I ................... One environmental engineer Section in Zhangpu County Section . will be in charge of EP work. One environmental engineer One environmental engineer will be in charge of EP work. will be in charge of EP work. * There will are 9 sections for the main expressway l l F g and 2 sections for the link roads. Baishui Large Bridge Huxi-Chiling Highway . .... CDO stands for Construction Directory Office. -~~~~~ ~No.5] D tnsfrCntuto ietO fie Note: For each section along the Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway and sub-project there will be one engineer in charge of EP and supervision work. Figure 7-1 Diagram of EP and Management Agencies during Construction Period 33 Fujan Provincial Expressway CDO EP Office (3 persons) (I director, 2 clerks) , _............ ...... ..... ''''''' i _. Eujian Provincial Existing Expressway CDO Zhangzhao-Zbaoan Expressway Corporation Ltd. Expressway Corporation Ltd. of One deputy general manager will direct the EP work. and Fuzhou-Quanzhou, Quanzhou-Xiamen or Xiamen-Zhangzhou one environmental engineer be in charge of concrete EP work X One deputy gencral manager will direct the EP work. and one environmental engineer be in charge of concrete EP work Zhanizhao Office Yuxiao Ofrice Each office of the above Corporations Ltd. one environmental engineer one environmental engineer ( B ........onie enivironmental engineer be in charge of EP work will be in charge of EP work will be in charge of EP wvork er Longhai-Zhangpu section Yunxiao-Zhaoan section Road sections under each office for the proposed project ! CDO stainds for Construction Directory Office. .................... . ...................,,,. ,,, ,..,,,,.. ................................................................................................. Fig. 7-2 Diagram of EP and Management Agencies during Operational Period 34 7.3 Major Issues in Environmental Protection Management Plan See Table 7-1 for the major issues considered in management plan of EP. Table 7-1 Environmental Protection Management Plan Environment Measures (Locatiozis & Amounts) Cost Implementation Responsible Clause No. Issue (10,000 yuan) time entity in Contract A.Designing period I.Comparison I.The designing unit has put forward Has been Engineering Designing of alignment two major alignment schemes for listed in the feasibility unit schemes comparison cost of study period 2.Altemative schemes for three parts of engineering road sections has been put forward for the recommended scheme. 3.Based on the major issue put forwarded by EIA, scheme comparisons have been done for 38 sensitive spots. 4. At the start point, the first 4-km of the high embankment has been changed to viaduct. 144mu cultivated land has been reserved. 2.Impact on I.Altogether 292 passages have been Has been Engineering Designing public mass designed for convenience of people, listed in the feasibility unit animals and tractors. cost of study period engineering 3.Soil erosion I.ln designing, fully utilizing the Has been Engineering Designing situations of the land feature to balance listed in the feasibility unit the cuttings and fillings. cost of study period 2.Protection, drainage and sides lope engineering plantation works should be carfully designed. 3. The 7 Spoil sites and 8 borrow sites will be carefully chosen in designing. 4.Flood I.Fully considered the drainage of food Has been Engineering Designing prevention water in designing of bridges and listed in the feasibility unit culverts. cost of study period engineering 35 Continuation of Table 7-1 Environment Cost Implementation Responsible Clause No. Issue A(10,000 yuan) time entity in Contract B.Construction period I .Land II 580mu cultivated land, Has been Before Expressway acquisition 4602mu uncultivated land, listed in the construction CDO 3 100mu temporary land taken cost of & local I.At the start point, changing from high Resettlement governments embankment to viaduct reserved 144mu cultivated land. 2.Organizations for land acquisition and resettlement will be strengthened 3.Surplus labor will bc arranged during construction phase; 4.Compensation will be made according to regulations. 2.Soil erosion I.Pipe culverts will. be built before 70+ 30 During construction (During subgrade construction; Ilas been construction of unit construction 2. 7 spoil sites and 8 borrow sites will be listed in the embankment period the soil chosen, which will be designed according cost of erosion situation | to the regulation. engineering is 5.211 times 1 3.There are 66 places of mortar bound of that before the protection of slopes, altogether 186080 construction) m2 4. Interception ditches built for slope protection will be 40884m 5.Reducing earth borrow and spoil by the adjust of earth and stone works for the nearby road sections in the construction 6. In time recovery of afforestation 3.Embankment Altogether 445 culverts and 71 middle or Has been Pipe culverts construction blocked natural small bridges on the whole line listed in the will be built unit runoff cost of prior to the engineering subgrade construction 4.Construction 1. Four sprayer vehicles purchased, each 60 Construction ECDO of 201.04. dust construction site provided with a portable phase Zhangzhao 201.05 sprayer, times of water sprinkling Expressway, everyday will be decided by the construction supervisor, units 2. Material transport vehicles will be covered by mufflers; 5. Asphalt fumes 1. Integral asphalt concrete mixers Arranging by During construction 307.05 purchased; the construction of unit 2.Mixers shall be located 300m construction pavement downwind of residential areas. unit 36 Continuation of Table 7-1 Environment Cost Implementation Responsible Clause No. Issue Measures (Locations & Amounts) (10,000 yuan) time entity in contract 6.Construction 1. No construction work will be allowed Construction Construction 102.13 noise between 22:00-6:00 for residential sites phase unit within 150m. 2. The workers will be take in turn when work in a high noise condition 3. Temporary soundproof screen 100IX 2m will be set at Houdai Prim. Sch. 4. Jizai Prim. Sch, Shudong Prim. Sch, 600 will be removed. 7.Sewage and 1. 40 septic tanks will be built at 200 Construction construction 103.01 wastes disposal construction camps; phase unit 205.10 of construction 2. 40 garbage collecting station will be 12 camp set for domestic garbage; 3. Sewage will be discharge of after treatment 8.River 1. Cofferdams and drop shaft sinking 20 construction construction 102.13 pollution by methods should be used during pier phase unit bridge construction; construction 2. Oil-water separators to be installed on construction ships; 3. No asphalt, fuel and chemicals will be allowed to be piled near rivers 9. Removal Altogether 70097m2 house will be Has been Before ECDO of demolished, including 2 primary school listed in the construction Zhangzhao 1. Compensation will be given to the cost of Expressway, removal family according to the policy; engineering Local 2. Land owning to build new house will govemment be authorized by the local government I 0.Recovery of 1. Altogether SI15.27mu plantation area in Has been After pavement Construction vegetation the middle separation belt of the listed in the construction unit expressway; cost of 2. Plantation of 8412.6mu along both engineering sides of the expressway 3. 1080mu plantation at interchanges; 4. 46.2mu plantation at toll stations and service centers; 5. 215mu plantation at the entrance and exit of tunnels. II .Cultural and 1. A bridge is to be built, and measures to 150 Construction Subgrade Construction historical relics reduce vibration be taken to preserve period construction unit the Fenglingwei Hui Temple. 2. Rescuine archeological excavation will be caTried. 3. Cultural and historical relics will be preserved propery. 37 Continuation of Table 7-1 Environment Cost Implementation Responsible Clause No. Issue Measures (Locations & Amounts) (1 0,000 yuan) time entity in contract C.Operation period I.Air pollution I.Lead free oil shall be used at extend 300 Operation Zhangzhao 201.05 exceeding possibility phase Expressway 502.03 standard during 2.Trees shall be planted by nearby enterprises; Corporation operation 3.Automobiles will be modernized and Ltd. & inspected for the waste gas discharged; Construction 4. There are 20 ventilators will be installed in unit proper locations in tunnels. 5. 50% of the ventilation fans should be kept operating routinely during machine inspection. 2.Traffic noise 1. 27 villages and 2 schools will be removed; During Zhangzhao during 2. Altogether 22 places of soundproof screens 371.5 construction Expressway operation phase with total area of 10450 m2 will be built; phase Corporation 3. 7780 m2 surrounding walls of 18 villages 77.8 Ltd. & and schools will be heightened; Construction 4. 27 places of soundproof afforestation will 145 unit be adopted. 5. New houses along the proposed highway should be built 150m beyond; 3.Domestic 1. The 2 service centers including Jiuzhen and 180 trial operation construction 103.01 sewage and Changshan will each set up a Class2 waste phase unit production water disposal station. 65 waste water of 2.Toll stations and tunnel management service zone stations will set up septic tanks. 3. Oil separation pond will be set at gas stations and vehicle washing plants. Vehicle washing water will be recycled. 4.Pavement i. Pavemcnt runoff should not be discharged construction Each rainfall runoff directly into rivers or fish ponds but should be phase management led to other places along the side ditches. office 2. Careful attention will be paid to the protection of water quality in Yangmei Reservoir. 5.Wild animal I.Poaching is prohibited around the construction construction protection construction camp; phase unit 2.Whenever found protective animals and plants, safety removal measures will be adopted. 6.Traffic I.In poor visibility weathers, driving speed operation phase Each accidents shall be limited or temporarily close the road; management 2. To Strengthen the management of tunnels office to prevent fire and trafic accidents; 3. Two power supply sources will be provided in tunnels. 50% of the ventilation fans should be kept operating routinely during machine inspection. 38 Continuation of Table 7-1 Cost Implementation Responsible Clause No. Environment Issue Measures (Locations & Amounts) (I0,000 yuan) tine entity in Contract D. Link Roads Dongyuan- Fugong Link Road I.Domestic One septic tank at toll station, 3 septic 30 Construction Construction sewage treatment tank for the construction camps phase unit 2.Domestic One toll station, 3 construction camps 2.2 Construction Construction garbage disposal each with a garbage collecting spot. phase unit 3.Passages I Ipassages 165 Construction Construction phase unit 4.0il-water 9 separators will be installed for 16 Construction Construction separator construction ships phasc unit 5.Settlement 3 ponds 4.5 Construction Construction ponds at phase unit construction sites 6.Warning signs 16 places 1.0 Construction Ditto of passageway phase 7.Dust prevention 3 simple water sprayer vehicles 6 Construction Ditto by water spraying phase at construction sites 8.Drainage system 4 set of drainage systems 20 Construction Ditto at interchanges phase 9.Sound proof Sound proof screen at Dongyuan Mid. 24 Construction Ditto screen Sch. phase l 0.Sound proof 6 places 6 Construction Ditto plantation phase Subtotal 261.70 Huxi(Zhaojiabao) Analogously calculated as 1/2 of the cost 130.85 Construction Headquarter for Dongyuan-Fugong Link Road phase at Longhai, Fuotan Link Road Construction unit Total 3449.95 39 7.4 Environmental Protection Supervision Plan To insure the quality of EP works, EP supervision plan is made for this project, see Table 7-2. Table 7-2 Environmental Protection Supervision Plan Stage Agency Work content Purpose -a NEPB I.Examine the EIA outline: I.To ensure the EIA content has a fully X FPEPB 2.Examine the EIA report. covered topic arrangement, with key points e WB 3.Examine the EP action plan. highlighted. 2.To ensure the possible serious problems of the project to be addressed properly. 3.To ensure the feasibility of action plan. D NEPB I.Examine preliminary design for I.To carry out the Three X FPEPB environment protection & EAP. Simultaneousness" policy and EAP. EPB of city or county >§ EPB of city or ty 2.To examine the realization of cost for 2.To ensure investment for environmental o environmental protection protection. 3.To check material handling, asphalt and 3.To make sure the work site meet the concrete mixing plant arrangement. requirements of environrnental protection. 4.To check dust & noise contro; measures 4.To reduce the impact. To ensure the & work time schedule. implementation of regulations 5.To check the storage & emission of 5.To reduce the impact on the surrounding & poisonous or harmful material. to implemert the regulations 6.To check discharge & disposal of 6.To make sure surface water not to be wastewater or waste oil. polluted. 7.Cutting & borrowing site, spoils 7.To make sure the landscape & the land disposal, soil erosion, blocking of resources being preserved & resumed. drainage system & rivers. 8.To check the implementation of "Three 8.To make sure the implementation of EP simultaneous" policy & EPA, to perfect policies. the implementation work. 9.To examine the environmental 9.To make sure the environmental protection protection facilities. facilities meet the acceptance level. Provincial Historical lO.To check if there are any historical lO.To protect historical relics. Relics Bureau relics. O FPEPB I .Check the implementation of EPA. I .To ensure realization of EPA. ' EPB of city or county 2.Check the implementation of 2.To ensure realization of monitoring plan. monitoring plan. 3.To ensure consideration of various 53.nspect the sensitive spots to find environmental problems: environmental problems. 4.Strengthen environmental management, to U4.nspect the environment of sensitive protect health of people. regions based on the standard. 5.To ensure wastewater discharged meet the 5.Check waste water and garbage discharge standard. disposal in toll station, service centers, 6.To eliminate the causes of accident in and management zones. trafic to avoid pollution accident 6.Strengthen accident management and monitoring system, set up emergency action plan for emergencies and to prevent pollution from spreading once accident happens. _ 40 7.5 Environmental Protection Staff Training Plan of EP staff training for Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway, and the other road projects including the two link roads (Dongyun-Fugong and Huxi-Fuotan) and LonghaiBaishui Bridge, is drawn up (in Table 7-3). Table 7-3 EP Staff Training Plan Training Stage & place Personnel Attended Number of Duration Cost style People (days) 10000yuan 1$ Year 2000 FPCD, FPECDO, FPCPDI, 8 21 39.61 /47600 Abroad Expressway Directory Office of Year 2003 Zhangzhou City 6 26 29.64 /35700 Year 1999 FPCD, FPECDO, CDO of city or Construction county, CDO of every road section, 60 5 90 (Zhangzhou City) supervision engineers Year 2000 Construction FPCD, every level of CDO, leaders 20 2 12 (Zhangzhou City) from EP Bureau of city or county 2 12 In the Year 2001 _ country Construction Supervision engineers of every road 30 3 27 (Zhangzhou City) section Year 2002 FPCD, FPECDO, CDO of city or Construction county, CDO of every road section, 20 3 18 .Zhn o C supervision engineers, EP Bureau of (Zhangzhou City) ciyo cut city or county Year 2003 Whole staff of the environmental 12 7 25.2 Operation monitoring station of FPCD Total 240.45 Note: 1. Training content of abroad will include EP & EIA for Highway construction, environmental management during construction and operation phases. 2. The training fee in the year 2000 will come from Fujian Highway Project I and the trainees will mainly consist of those from Zhanzhao-Zhaoan Expressway Project. Note: FPCD- Fujian Provincial Communication Department FPCPDI- Fujian Provincial Communication Planning & Designing Institute FPECDO- Fujian Provincial Expressway Construction Directory Office 41 7.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 7.6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan in Construction Phase Envirorlnental monitoring plan in construction phase for Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway, and the two link roads (Dongyun-Fugong and Huxi-Fuotan) is drawn up (see Table 7-4). Table 7-4 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction Items Monitoring Spots Frequency Monitoring entity Supervisor Spots will be set based on the reality, i.g asphalt plants, unpaved road once every month, I 1. Air environment sections, lime mixing days every time, Ad Entrusted monitoring Zhangzhao ECDO quality, TSP, asphalt plants, and simple hoc will also be stations & local EP bureau fumes hauling roads. 2 spots in Longhai; undertaken. 4 spots in Zhangpu; 3 spots in Yunxiao; 3 spots in Zhaoan Spots will be located at villages & schools within 150m from 2. Noise the road, and at monthly, nighttime Entrusted monitoring Zhangzhao ECDO quarry, or in the & daytime stations & local EP bureau residential areas near the hauling roads, as required. Monitoring and sampling spots will be located at the down stream side of the bridges, such as 3.Surface water Xinyu river section once every 3 months, (l)COD, of Nanxi 2 days every time, Entrusted monitoring Ditto (2)0il Yangmei Reservoir am. & p.m. a day stions (3)SS Juiuzhen Port Chuanchang river section of Zhangjiang River Zhaoanwan Port 4.Others construction sites, Owner, (I)domestic garbage spoil plants, borrow CDO of Expressway supeivision (2)spoil sites and Oncevery 15 days roadsections engineer and local (3)soil erosion prefabrication plant EP bureau (4)plantation for the bridges EP_bureau 42 7.6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan in Operation Phase Environmental monitoring plan in operation phase for Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway, and the two link roads (Dongyun-Fugong and Huxi-Fuotan) is made (see Table 7-5). Table 7-5 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Operation Items Spots Frequency Monitoring entity | Supervisor I.Atmosphere twice one year in Environmental (I)CO Xinzhong, Ciii, Jan. & July, EvrnetaExpressway Co. Ltd., (2)NOx Guanyinting, Xishan monitoring 3 days as monitoring stations local EP bureau of expressway (3)TSP one time Baishui Mid. Sch., Huxi, 4 times in one year, Jiuzhen Port, Gaoshan, Idays each time with Environmental Expressway Co. Ltd., 2. Traffic noise Andou Prim. Sch., double monitoring in monitoring stations | Guanyinting, Lintou, daytime and of expressway local EP bureau Waifenglou nighttime l Xinyu river section of twice one year in (31 )pH Nanxi Jan. & July, single (2)COD Yangmei Reservoir monitoring in Envirornmental Expressway Co. Ltd (3) DO Jiuzhen Port continuous 3 days as monitoring stations ExlocalaEPCbureau (3) DOi Chuanchang river section one time, double of expressway local EP bureau (4) Oil of Zhangjiang River monitoring in each (5) _ Zhaoanwan Port day l 7.6.3 Equipment, Expenditure, and Reporting of Monitoring The owner has entrusted the environmental monitoring work in construction period of this project to the local environmental monitoring stations. The environmental monitoring station of expressway will carry on the monitoring work in operation period. The monitoring equipment can be share with Fuzhou-Xiamen Expressway. The cost for monitoring in construction period will be 160,000 yuan/year X 3 year =480,000 yuan. The cost for monitoring in operation period will be 100,000 yuan/year. See Figure 7-2 for the reporting regulation of monitoring 43 SEPA EP office of MOC WB FPEPB EP Office of FPCD FPECDO (Construction period) Fujian Provincial Expressway Co. Ltd (Operation period) EPB of Management station of road sections county or city Management parties oftunnels Enviror.mental Supervision Statior s Figure 7-3 Monitoring Reporting Procedure 7.7 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Other Road Projects 1. Environmental Monitoring Plan of Longhai Baishui Large Bridge 44 Table 7-6 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Longhai Baishui Large Bridge Item Period Location Frequency Action Organ Supervision Organ I point for the first row building close to Zhang-Zhao Constuction stage Zhangzhou Construction road at Neijiayang resident area, borrowing once/month, I day Municipal Monitor Expressway area, quarry, resident area along the road b Headquarters (ZZEH) Noise for construction umor by day and night Station (ZMMS) Zhrgzo EPB I point for the first row building close to 2001-2016, Zhang-Zhao Operation road at Neijiayang resident area once/year, I day by ZMMS Expressway Co. Ltd. day and night (ZZECL) Ambient ai'l Unpaved road, mixing plant, temporary ZZEH TSP Construction road on work site, residential area at Random as required ZMMS Zhangzhou EPB TSP Neijiayang Water quality, Downstream of Jiulongjiang Nanxi Once per 3 month, 2 pH, CODcr, Operation Xinyuhe section (monitor for both Xinyu days each ZMMStimeE ZZECL oil, SS. DO exra-large bridge and Baishui bridge) I momingo Zhangzhou EPB I afternoon Others ZZEH (Garbage, Construction Construction site, pre-fabrication work site Random as required ZMMS ZZH spoil, mud) ZhangzhouEPB 2. Environmental Monitoring Plan of Huxi-Chiling Highway Table 7-7 Air Environmental Monitoring Plan of Huxi-Chiling Highway Period Location Item Frequency Duration Sampling Action Unit Supervisor Each once in Construction site Ec nei Construction sensive spots TSP Once/month One day the morning & Construction artousensitive spots the aftemoon ZMMS Local EPB around Bitumen smoke Oncelmonth once l Table 7-8 Noise Monitoring Plan of Huxi-Chiling Highway Period Location Frequency Duration Sampling Action Unit Supervisor Construction site with [ Construction sensitive spots in Once/month One day Each once in the ZZE 150m morning and the ZMMS Zhangou EPB Operation' Xiayu, Huxi, Xiakeng OnceJyear Two d [ys afternoon ZZECL I________I________ I___ I___________ Zhangzhou EPB the year of 2001, 2005, 2010 and 2016 45 3. Environmental Monitoring Plan of Huaan (Tankou-Chengguan) Highway Table 7-9 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Huaan (Tankou-Chengguan) Highway Item Penod Location Frequency Action Organ Supervision Organ I point inside Huangzao primary school, Construcuon I point inside Xinyu primary school, period, once a Construction I point inside Xinyu Hospital, month, & one ZMMS ZZEH I point for each of the first roaw building at day for each Zhangzhou EPB Huangzao, Taikou, and Xinyu residential area time, Noise .________________________.___________ by day and night _________________ _Ibydayan_ngh I point inside Huangzao primary school, I point inside Xinyu primary school, 2001.2015 I point inside Xinyu Hospital, Operation I o nce a year, ZMMIS ZZECL I point for each of the first row building at in two days Huangzao, Taikou, and Xinyu residential area i Ambient air I point inside Huangzao primary school, Random ZZEH TSP Construction I point inside Xinyu primary school, and ZMMS TSP . ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~as required Zhangzhou EPB Water quality, I section at the downstream 50m from the Random ZZEH pH, CODcr, Operation . ZMMS oil SS, DO Huangzao brdge measurng, days Zhangzhou EPB 8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 8.1 Investigation Subjects and Way of Participation Public participation is one of the most important parts in determination of the proper alignment scheme. Opinions from affected masses and enterprises should be paid full attention to, and the benefits of them should be considered substantially. The investigation and consultation work such as visiting, discussion, meetings, mail contacting, especially the random collection of questionnaires along the proposed highway. There are 441 forms of questionnaires spread to private persons, units and government agencies with 388 forms returned. The investigation subjects are: (DDivisions of EP, Agriculture, Water conservancy, soil conservation and plann ing, and governments of different levels were consulted; (9)Opinions from ordinary masses were collected; ®Opinions from experts and enterprises were solicited; I)Opinions from households to be removed were sought in particular. 8.2 lypical Consultations and Hearings For the purpose of hearing and collecting public opinions from the impacted areas 46 along the proposed highway, especially from the removing households, EIA working team and Expressway Headquarter of Zhangzhou City had held consultation meeting and hearings with villagers, students and teachers at Qiuzhong, Neixi, Jiangcuo, Hekeng, Houdai, Liugaowei, Xiagao, Gaoshan, Putou, Chuanchang, Tianpuyu, Changmaolin, Shangyingcun, Zhangqian Prim. Sch., Gaolin Mid. Sch., Shaxi Mid. Sch., Tulou Prim. Sch., Jizai Prim. Sch., Shudong Prim. Sch., etc. , altogether 19 sensitive spots from Dec. 16 to Dec. 22, 1998. There were 195 participants with different sex, age and education level. 8.3 Statistic Results of Public Participation and Opinion Treatment 1. Public Opinion Public opinions are collected and organized as follows: (1) Local farmers generally demanded that land acquirement should be as less as possible. For example, at Dongyuan and Neixi, the farmers agree that the highway project will be beneficial to the local economy, but feel regret to the land occupied in their village, which all belong to the Class I protected farm land. (2) The leaders of Zhangpu County demanded that a interchange be set between Longhai and Jiuzhen. It will bring benefits to the communication and economic development of the two She Race people towns at Chiling and Huxi. (3) The public strongly demand that economic compensation for land acquisition & removal should be strictly based on the regulations of polices. Ensure the compensation be paid practically, no other usage or interception is permitted. Works of this part for public or individuals should be done carefully and considerately, for it is critical for highway construction. (4) Villagers in Gaoshan Village and several other villages demanded passageways should be built near there village for their convenience. (5) EIA working team had expiained the to the villagers of the sensitive spots as Qiuzhong, Neixi, Jiamgcuo, Putoi, etc. that sound proof wall will have to be built at their villages. The mass shown an attitude of understanding, while they strongly demanded that the sound proof wall must be built simultaneously with the expressway. (6) Part of the villagers in Gaoshan Village demanded that the highway should be move toward north, then it will avoid the ancestral hall of their village (Ancient buildings in Qing Dynasty). (7) During authorization of EIA report, environmental experts suggested that the service center set near Yangmei Reservoir will induce water pollution. (8) The removing households hold diverse opinions. People with new houses worry about the compensation may be not enough. However people living in old houses hope to remove as soon as possible, then they can build new houses with the compensation. 47 (9) The mass along the proposed highway had known the information of this project three years ago. They hope the construction of this project start as soon as possible. Then the local farmers can arrange the positions of their new house and business. 2. Treatments of Public Opinion Through the consultations and hearings, the EIA working team had explained and shown the mass the information of this project, instructed the alignments of the highway, the possible impacts on their environment and solving methods. We collected and organized the public opinions, then informed FPECDO and FPCPDI. Most of the problems have been solved as: (1) The service center originally set near Yangmei Reservoir has been moved to Heken, which is 5km away to the reservoir. The impact on the water quality has been avoided. (2) The designing institute has move the alignment at.Gaoshan 50m toward north, then the ancestral hall is reserved. (3) After discussion and consultation, the designing institute has changed the alignments at following sensitive spots: Cuozai, Jiangcuo, Xinyu, Xinhe, Neijiafang, Baishui Mid. Sch., Huxi, Liuban, Zhulin, Tulou. (See Chapter I for the alternative schemes). (4) Considered the suggestions from farmers of Neixi and Dongyuan, the designing institute has changed the 4km of high embankment road section to viaduct, 144 mu cultivated land is preserved. (5) The farmers at sensitive spots as Hekeng, Houdai, Xiagao, and Chuanchang had shown an warm and welcome attitude to the expressway. They believe it will be beneficial and convenient for them to transport their vegetables, flowers, and fruits to other provinces or abroad. They are now unsatisfied to the low prices selling at local areas. (6) EIA working team has informed the owner the opinions demanding more interchanges and passageways and their specific position; and in formed the resettlement office the public opinion about economic compensation for land acquisition & removal should be strictly based on the regulations of polices, to ensure the compensation be paid practically, no other usage or interception is permitted. 9 CONCLUSIONS The Fujian Highway Project II includes Zhangzhou-Zhaoan Expressway with two link roads and the other road projects. Zhang-Zhao Expressway is an access-controlled, grade-separated expressway with 48 divided two lanes in each direction and with a total length of 140.459km. Investment of this project will be 5054 million yuan. With superior climate condition, high covered rate of vegetation, the natural environment and living environment along the proposed expressway is very good. Other road projects include 1. Longhaibaishui Large Bridge It is 487m long with a total cost amounting to RMB 3452,000 yuan. It is to be built based on the gener-al class 2 standard in slightly rolling area. Its construction will start in Oct. 1999 and be finished in Sept. 2001. 2. Huaan Highway (Tankou-Chengguan) Its total length is 41.73 kin, with a total investment of RMB243,518,000 yuan. It is to be constructed in accordance with the general class 2 road standard and the construction period will be from May 1999 to May 2001. 3. Huxi-Chiling Highway Its total length is 9,07 km. It is to be paved according to the general class 2 road standard (in heavily rolling areas). Its total investment amounts to RMB243,518,000 yuan and it will be built from May 1999 to May 2001. Construction and operation of Zhang-Zhao Expressway will be beneficial to the traffic, economic development and investment circumstances. The environmental issues impacted by this project are as follows. In construction period: loss of land resources, plantation deterioration, soil erosion increased during construction, construction noise and dust, asphalt fume pollution. In operation period: traffic noise impact, the impact on water quality and other aspects of environment by domestic sewage and garbage from service centers and on other assistant facilities. Environmental protection measures with 4264.45 million yuan RMB investment have been put forward in this EIA. According to the assessment, if all the measures of environmnent protection are implemented, the environmental impact problems caused by the project can be effectively controlled and mitigated. So we can draw the conclusion that the construction of this project is feasible based on the results of environmental impact assessment. The other road projects consist of two roads and one large bridge, and they will considerably enhance the social and economical development in the region. The construction of Longhai Baishui Large Bridge will bring about communication convenience to the local people. Environmental issues of the projects will mainly occur 49 during the construction phase, such as the sewage at the construction camp, domestic garbage as well as pollution caused by the construction of the bridge, etc. Noise from traffic may be a problem during the operation phase. All these adverse impacts, however, can be controlled effectively if the corresponding measures in EIA are carefully taken. Therefore, construction of the other road projects is also feasible. 50 ia tzen Recommended Sch eme~~San Lnercagen t1~~~~~~~~~~~Pooe alignment San 6tt 5tt Exing road Stone \, 9& X 25r; 5 i : X - * w X t W W_TX0 -~ 0-- Vi,lagedTown Spoil of subgrade Inter-county/city boundary 2Ldge Clay I tt Fig. 4-3-1(a) Layout of the Piling Sites ofConstructlo. Materials t9 --------§;4 So N3 M1 ts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ K 4*320 .4 _ _Fkl K ._______ ".NAK80+000 S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 4i I tOK --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t Si4\ it i M AA 6 14 N I NI A''MA K44-*320 0. 4 It ;I * hi N N2 0441HOW 91 K46+950 I1.4 * I 9 A " @ e W~~~~~~~~~~~~$ N3 ONA M841 K60+670 _-* t a A If C I i K48+450 8.4 At * z Dl i4M1HO K47+150 0.2 Ak . D2 d . D MMIJz1, K61+500 0.2 At 9 - .f _D3 iflb ff K77+800 0.2 A I it: *._M (: I 00000 It~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ l x11ooo M____ P4-3-1(a) "*"**1E I Fig. 4-3-1(a) Layout of the Piling Sites of Construction Material ~~~ ~~ ~ wIr4~~~~~~~{41ix ~~~~~~~~~i ~~~~7aI * ~I c¶~- I I 1-- j- ;n c ( ( X,:E -W- oS \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/. 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