58655 Bank Staff Member Undergoes Successful VOL 6 I NO 4 APRIL 1987 Heart Transplant In this issue: Articles 2 ACungl of Hlart. John Nebiker, a Procurement Officer in the Projects Policy Department and the first Bank staff member to undergo a A Change heart transplant, is back at work. 5 AIDS: QUlstlons and Ans.lrs. Information on the feared and deadly disease, and what the Bank of Heart is doing for developing countries to help counter its threat. 8 Thl Way to San JOSI. Anew Bank- by Jill Roessner financed road is helping to speed up economic development in Mindoro, Philippines. ohn Nebiker is 50, but he has the 15 Entlring till Vidlo Agl. "Global J heart of a 17-year-old boy. Mr. Ne- biker, a Procurement Officer in the John Nebiker. back at work with a new Links," an educational film series heart and a new lease on life. produced in the Bank, will be shown Procurement Unit, Projects Policy De- Photo by Michele lannacci on public television in the United partment, had a heart transplant a year States and to international ago, April 1. He went back to work last audiences and schools. Autumn until an infection set him back but of some other illness that a weak- 17 U.I. Voluntllrs-At Your SlnlcI. for a while. But as of March 16, he's ened body cannot resist. How the United Nations Volunteers back at work in the Bank full time. John Nebiker took all the prescribed Programme is providing a lower- cost alternative to technical Until his troubles began five years drugs; continued working and tried to assistance. ago, Mr. Nebiker was a healthy, vigor- live a normal life. But his condition ous man, who enjoyed his work, liked worsened. He participated in cardio- 19 What's in a Word? Words take on new meaning when used around the to travel and have an active life. He myopathy research at the National In- Bank. played tennis and other sports with his stitutes of Health, in Bethesda, Mary- family, ate sensibly, and believed him- land, where experimental treatment self to be in pretty good shape. He had with steroids was under way. That Departments no reason to think otherwise until he seemed to help him-for a while. 11 On thl RIcard: Bank President went for his routine physical in 1981 in Barber Conable on Japan and the the Bank's Health Room. Only Hope Would be a Transplant Revival of Development in the Third The electrocardiogram told a differ- He informed himself about his dis- World; Guy Pfeffermann on Ensuring that the Poor Benefit from Improved ent story. "See a cardiologist imme- ease, studied the subject and knew Economic Policies: Outlook for Latin diately, " the doctor advised, and the what to expect. Hence, he recognized America. Health Room staff recommended one. the symptoms when he went into heart 18 Updatl The diagnosis: cardiomyopathy. failure while traveling on mission and, thanks to his colleagues, was taken to 20 Around thl Bank No Known Cause a hospital. He had a similar episode 22 Llttlrs to thl Editor There is no known cause for car- when he got back to the Bank and was 22 AnswlrLinl diomyopathy which is a gradual weak- able to ask a colleague to call the ening of the heart muscle, although it Health Room for a doctor, after which 23 Staff Changls is believed to be caused by a viral infec- he was again rushed to the hospital. 24 As WI 80 To Prass tion. Sometimes cardiomyopathy goes But he couldn't go on much longer and away. Usually it doesn't. Sometimes a it had become evident that his only victim survives only a short time. More hope for recovery would be a heart COVER: The first Bank staff member to often it takes about five years, while transplant. receive a heart transplant, John Nebiker, with his wife, Ursula. the patient deteriorates, and eventually Mr. Nebiker points out that the Photo by Michele lannacci dies, not necessarily of heart failure, Washington metropolitan area is a good place to be for medical treatment. John Nebiker had to be evaluated by her life. The drugs are not without A number of hospitals have excellent a team of experts to make sure he was unpleasant side effects, and some pa- cardiac facilities, and his doctor rec- a viable candidate. A heart recipient tients are so tired they prefer to give ommended him to Johns Hopkins must be otherwise healthy; quite often up, feeling that life with so many con- Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, as a cardiomyopathy patients develop other straints would not be worth living. candidate for a heart transplant. (Inci- illnesses as a result of their weakened Mr. Nebiker is no such person. He dentally, Mr. Nebiker is a U.S. citizen, hearts. Mr. Nebiker had had a stroke has a zest for life, a loving and support- but Johns Hopkins does not restrict which left him partially paralyzed for a ive family he wants to be with for as transplants to U.S. citizens, a policy while. Fortunately, he had made a long as possible, and a quiet, confident that has existed in some hospitals in good recovery. manner. In fact, he can talk about his response to complaints that Americans Psychological considerations are situation almost dispassionately: unable to afford the expense were also taken into account. A heart recip- "Working in Third World countries, being denied transplants while wealthy ient must be committed to taking huge you see death close at hand. In many foreigners were given priority.) quantities of drugs for the rest of his or places, people are old at my age; they Have a Heart, Give a Part (Bumpersticker on John Nebiker's car) hen Dr. Christiaan Barnard can be resolved, the main hurdle re- from the Kidney Foundation, 2233 W performed the first heart transplant in South Africa's Groote mains-that of obtaining a suitable donor heart. It's a highly sensitive Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Suite 320, Washington, D.C. 20007. When this is Schuur Hospital in 1967, it made issue. A kidney, for example, can be signed and witnessed, it becomes a medical history. Until 1983, only a donated by a living person; you can legal document under the Uniform few hundred such operations had function quite well with just one, and Anatomical Gift Act or similar laws. taken place worldwide. In 1985, a parent or sibling who is likely to be Nevertheless, permission from the about 600 were carried out, and a good match will sometimes do this. next-of-kin is still required and it is some 2,000 heart transplants were U.S. Senator Jake Garn recently gave imperative that those who are willing performed during 1986. The opera- one of his kidneys to his ailing daugh- to donate make sure their families are tion is becoming much more widely ter. cognizant of this and will respect the available, especially in the United But a heart must come from a wish. States where 85 medical centers now brain-dead young person, someone Both the donor's family and the undertake this surgery. In fact, it has who has been in an accident, and that recipient are supposed to remain become a matter of prestige for major young person's next-of-kin must con- anonymous to one another, if possi- hospitals to offer heart transplants. sent. An anguished family may find it ble. Although the former may want to As techniques have been refined difficult to give permission at a time know the identity of the person who and more effective anti-rejection when its members are overwhelmed has benefited, and a recipient may drugs developed, heart recipients are by shock and grief. also be curious, there is a measure of living longer and the operation has protection in keeping the information become, if not commonplace, at least No Time to Lose confidential, preventing the possibili- sufficiently routine that Medicare will But when an organ is to be trans- ty of a donor's family making a claim cover its cost. Many other health in- planted there is no time to lose. In on the recipient. surance plans, including New York most families, the question will never Many donors' families find their Life, will now pay for a heart trans- arise. But, instead of waiting until a sense of loss somewhat mitigated by plant and some states have special tragedy occurs, families should dis- the knowledge that someone else re- funding. The cost varies, depending cuss the subject the same way they ceived a second chance at life. There on the patient's length of stay in the discuss wills and other arrangements is satisfaction in knowing that a part hospital and other factors, but it aver- to be made after death. An individu- ofthe donor lives on." Only healthy, I I ages around $60,000. Furthermore, aI's wishes on the subject ought to be fairly young hearts are acceptable for expenses afterwards are also high as well known to the next-of-kin so, if transplant, but there are less strin- the patient must continue to take a the situation occurs, the decision has gent restrictions on some other or- battery of costly medications. This already been made. gans. Corneas can be donated even by put a heart transplant out of reach for Many states will record an individ- those who die of a disease (including ,J many people before insurance com- ual's willingness to be an organ donor cancer) and removed shortly after panies began to cover it. on his or her driver's license, and an death, thus restoring sight to others Even if all the financial problems Organ Donor card can be obtained who are virtually blind. THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 3 .. '" 'It's a pretty straightforward don't have the chance to live to be 70 operation-no more which is sometimes caused by one of or 80." the medications. "It's a Faustian bar- He wanted to live-but prepared for than a bypass. gain," he says, adding thatthe advan- death. He discussed finances in great tages obviously far outweigh the disad- detail with his wife, Ursula, and even It's the fine-tuning vantages. made a "how-to" videotape, showing There are other less serious side ef- her how to do various chores around afterwards that's a lot fects-a somewhat puffy appearance the house-cleaning the air filter, and "which only hurts one's vanity," says that sort of thing. more complicated, Mr. Nebiker. And, because the nerves Once you become eligible for a to the heart have been severed, he has heart, the waiting begins. You are as- finding out the best no feeling in his heart. This means that signed a numerical ranking depending if he is about to climb a flight of stairs, on your condition. Mr. Nebiker was combination of drugs his brain cannot "tell" his heart to rated a "two," which meant he prob- work harder and send more blood to ably wouldn't get a heart until he was to avoid rejection.' his legs. He has to climbone flight downgraded to a "one" since there are before his body adapts to the climbing never enough hearts to meet the need. John Nebiker motion. Lack of feeling also means he There is also a question of matching would not know if he were to have an donor and recipient, at least in terms of angina attack, but with his strong, blood type and weight (but not sex). young heart, this is less likely to hap- Information about potential recipi- pen. ents is stored in a computer linked to Five days after the operation, Mr. organ procurement centers in contact heard arrive at Johns Hopkins). But Nebiker was out of bed, starting to with shock-trauma centers around the Mr. Nebiker knew none ofthis. By the walk around. He spent about six weeks country-the likely source of donor time the heart was delivered, he was in the hospital, then recuperated at hearts. By the time Mr. Nebiker had anaesthetized, his chest open, ready to home for a while. An infection sent him been rated a "one," he was at home, receive the organ that would save his back to the hospital over the winter, taking sick leave, feeling "lousy but life. but now he's fully recovered and hopes confident. " The telephone rang. He "It's a pretty straightforward opera- to resume mission travel too. was told it looked as though there was tion-no more than a bypass ," he says a heart for him. "I'll be right there," he nonchalantly. "It's the fine-tuning af- Grateful to the Bank responded. "Drive carefully!" admon- terwards that's a lot more complicated, He is grateful to the Bank, not only ished the surgeon. finding out the best combination of because his condition was discovered drugs to avoid rejection." Mr. Nebiker at a routine physical, but because it is, Prepared for Surgery explains there are three possible times in his words, an enlightened employer. The brain-dead donor was in a south- when his body might reject the heart: When he was too sick to travel, he was ern state. Mrs. Nebiker drove her hus- almost immediately or in the first six transferred to a different position that band to Baltimore, accompanied by months, both of which he has avoided. did not require his going on mission. their younger son, Steven, 16. (An old- The third time is when people usually The Bank is generous with sick leave er son, David, 22, came from college to die. So far the record for longevity goes when serious illness is involved. Beds be with the family the next morning.) to a heart recipient who has survived are available in the health units where While Mr. Nebiker was prepared for 11 years since the operation. But the staff may lie down and rest. There are surgery, a team from Johns Hopkins odds get better all the time, as new anti- also excel1ent exercise facilities, and flew south to "harvest" (the medical rejection drugs are developed. the cafeterias include low-cholesterol, term used) the heart for their patient. The medicines can cause other prob- healthy foods in the menu selection. No more than five hours can elapse lems. The immune-suppressant sup- "In general, I feel very well indeed," between the time a heart is removed presses all immunities, so Mr. Nebiker says Mr. Nebiker. "The drugs can from one body and placed in another. could get chicken pox, measles, or any sometimes be a bit depressing, but This required police escorts with of the ailments to which he previously mostly there's a feeling of euphoria at shrieking sirens, a privately chartered had built up immunity. He could die something most people take for grant- plane and a helicopter (which Steven from any of these, or get lymphoma ed-the joy of being alive." II 4 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 AIDS: Questions and Answers None of us needs to be reminded that AIDS (Acquired It remains that an informed staff will be more confident Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a feared and deadly dis- in dealing with the myths as well as the realities of this ease. We read about it every day and we see references to it disease, which has been likened by some to a plague. The on television and hear about it on radio. However, like questions and answers- prepared by our Medical Depart- many other life-threatening illnesses, there is a lot of confu- ment-aim at dealing with the concerns you may have. sion and misunderstanding surrounding the disease. I also want to remind you again that any contacts you I think the following questions and answers may help to may have with the Medical Department will, as alivays, be put the threat of AIDS into perspective, but, like anything treated confidentially, and I want to reassure you that else, one cannot expect to find all the answers in one place. management does not have any access to confidential med- I suggest that if you have additional questions or concerns, ical information. you contact the Bank's Medical Department to speak to a physician or a nurse, consult your personal physician, or Martijn Paijmans contact one of the organizations listed at the end of this Vice President article. Personnel and Administration Q: What is AIDS? bleeding from any body opening or sexual men with multiple sex partners; from growths on the skin present or past abusers of intravenous A: AIDS is caused by the HIV (Human • memory loss or impaired concen- drugs; patients who have been trans- Immunodeficiency Virus) that attacks tration fused with blood or blood products the cells in the body which protect (such as hemophiliacs); and sexual against many parasitic, fungal, bacte- Q: How widespread is AIDS? partners of persons with AIDS or per- rial and viral infections, rendering the sons in groups at high risk for AIDS immune system incapable of fending A: To date, AIDS has been detected in nearly 100 countries. It is of epidemic (including prostitutes). off many illnesses, some of them other- wise rare. proportions, with more and more peo- ple being diagnosed each year as hav- Q: Can AIDS be treated? Q: What are the symptoms of AIDS? ing the virus . The U.S. Centers for A: Currently, there is no treatment that Disease Control estimates that the vi- will destroy the HIY. Research on anti- A: Many symptoms associated with rus has already infected between 1 mil- AIDS are also present in common, mi- viral drugs is under way in the United lion and 1.5 million Americans. Cur- States and other countries. People with nor illnesses, such as colds, bronchitis rently, in the United States, AIDS and stomach flu. But, in the case of AIDS, however, are often successfully strikes 14 men for every woman with treated for specific infections and may AIDS, the symptoms are generally pro- the disease. longed, and may include: lead active lives for periods of time. • fatigue, possibly combined with Q: How is AIDS transmitted? People with AIDS, like those with other headaches or lightheadedness life-threatening illnesses such as cancer • continued fever or night sweats A: There are four main ways: sexual or heart disease, may need extra social • weight loss of at least 10 pounds, intercourse, the use of needles and sy- and emotional support. not related to exercise or dieting ringes contaminated by infected blood, contaminated blood products (such as Q: How widespread a problem are • swollen lymph nodes (in the neck, we talking about at the Bank/IFC? armpits, or groin) that persist for through blood transfusions), and from at least several weeks infected pregnant women to their un- A: We don't really know for certain. • a thick, whitish, persistent coating born babies. It is also believed that, The fact that many staff, as part of their of the tongue that may be com- once contaminated by blood infected jobs, travel extensively on long trips, bined with a sore throat with the AIDS virus, razors and tooth- particularly to tropical areas of the • a persistent cough, often dry brushes could transmit the infection world, and the fact that AIDS is spread- • shortness of breath through abrasions on the skin or in the ing everywhere make it prudent to be • chronic diarrhea lining of the mouth. concerned . Stress is a known immuno- • purplish or discolored patches on Q: What groups are at high risk? suppressing agent. Long and frequent the skin or inside the mouth trips across multiple time zones can :t • easy bruising, or unexplained A: Sexually active homosexual and bi- trigger stress, and those who travel in THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 5 tropical areas can experience the par- with the staff member concerned. Peo- information will remain confiden- ticular stress of the tropics, such as ple who ask to be checked will be tial? exposure to the infections peculiar to given an antibody test called ELISA. A: Strict safeguards are in place to those areas: malaria, dysentery, etc. The ELISA test determines whether a ensure confidentiality. Access to infor- Since AIDS impairs an individual's im- person's body is producing specific an- mation in MED is already limited to the mune system, a synergistic effect may tibodies, which appear within two physicians and nurses in the Health result, putting at risk those who test weeks to six months after exposure to Rooms with a need to know. The only positive for HIV-and those who may the virus. If someone has a positive people in the Bank/ IFC who will spe- not even know they do. reading to the ELISA test, two addi- cifically be informed are the physician tional tests will be performed automat- Q: Can I catch AIDS by working next who examined you and, if you request, ically from the same blood sample to to or with someone who has the dis- a staff counselor in MED's Staff Coun- minimize the risk of error. If all tests ease or who has tested positive, and seling Service. The physician will dis- are positive, the individual-and only can I catch AIDS from an insect bite? cuss the test results and related health with his or her consent- will be re- and travel implications with you. It is A: There have been no recorded cases ferred to a personal physician or to a strongly recommended that you dis- of friends or co-workers being infected physician specializing in AIDS for pos- cuss your test results with a MED staff from nonsexual contact with persons sible additional tests. counselor or a private counselor so having AIDS. There is no evidence Q: Who should be tested and why? that you may identify the emotional whatsoever that being in the same of- implications and available community fice or using the same equipment as A: Anybody who in the past five or six resources. Depending on your situa- someone with the disease puts you at years may have found himself or her- tion, or at your request, the staff coun- any risk of becoming infected. Nurses, self in one of the high risk groups men- selor can provide you with a referral to doctors and health care personnel have tioned earlier should discuss this fact AIDS counselors in your community. not develope9 AIDS from the usual with his or her personal physician or These counselors may be able to assist contacts when caring for AIDS pa- with one of the physicians or nurses in you and your immediate family with tients. The virus has not been transmit- the Health Rooms. It is important for ongoing counseling and advice regard- ted through air, water or food, or by those who think they might have been ing physical, social and emotional con- touching the skin of a person with the exposed to determine their current cerns. disease or by touching an object han- health status. Indeed, the physician dled, touched or breathed on by a per- may recommend that some vaccines, Q: I do mission travel as part of my son withAIDS. People cannot get AIDS particularly living vaccines such as yel- job. How will testing positive to the from public toilet seats or from flush- low fever and polio, be avoided at least HIV affect my job? ing the toilet, from drinking fountains, until more information is available. A: If you test positive, MED will recom- telephones, public transportation, or mend to you that you try limiting your swimming pools. Further, there is also Q: If my test is positive, does that mean I will get AIDS? travel, particularly to tropical areas, no evidence that mosquito or bedbug because of the dangers to your im- bites can transmit the virus. A: A positive result means that a person mune system, as noted previously. If Q: Does that mean I am not at risk if has been infected with HIV; it does not you choose not to travel, MED will I work directly with someone who mean that he or she will necessarily notify your manager that you are med- has AIDS or who might have been develop AIDS. However, AIDS is a rel- ically ineligible for travel, as it already infected with the disease? atively new disease, and there is no does for other medical conditions, such way to know right now if a person who as some forms of heart disease, cancer, A: That is correct. AIDS is transmitted has the virus will eventually develop etc. At no time will the reason for your through the blood or through sexual AIDS or not. Unfortunately, the num- medical ineligibility be divulged to your intercourse, not by casual contact in ber of people developing the disease manager-or to his or her manager. the workplace. has been increasing each year. An un- usual and complicating feature of AIDS Q: What's going to happen to my job Q: Does the Bank/IFC plan at this is that the incubation period-the time if I test HIV positive? Will I be dis- time to test all staff for HIV? between exposure to the virus and the missed? A: There are no plans to test staff for possible onset of symptoms-can be up A: No one will be dismissed for testing HIV; however, if a staff member wish- to five years or even longer. HIV positive or for having any other es to be tested, that may be done, and disease for that matter. Continued em- he or she should contact the Medical Q: Who in the Bank/IFC will know, ployment depends, as always, on the Department. The test results will re- besides me, that I tested positive, individual's ability to do his or her as- main confidential, only being shared and how can I be sure such sensitive signed work. Staff members who test 6 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 positive and who, in view of the risks MED maintains contact with national and of traveling, decide not to undertake the travel requirements of their assign- ment may seek reassignment to posi- international organizations that are particularly tions for which they are qualified and which do not involve such travel. It knowledgeable in this area ofconcern may be that such an assignment does not exist. In that case, the appropriate [emergency blood transfusions]. procedures that already exist for deal- ing with medical disability that may lead to separation on that basis will apply. for illnesses that may arise from this To that effect, MED has provided infection? staff with wallet size cards indicating Q: What if I have AIDS already? Will their blood group. For more informa- I be dismissed? A: Yes, they will be covered like any tion, refer to Healthgram No. 32, dat- other illness under the Medical Insur- ed September 23, 1986, dealing with A: As with other serious and disabling ance Plan. emergency blood transfusions in the diseases, staff members who develop AIDS-related illnesses requiring their Q: Is the Medical Department taking field. Further, MED maintains contact prolonged absences from work first use any specific preventive actions, with national and international organi- their accumulated sick leave, then if where possible, against the disease? zations that are particularly knowl- additional prolonged absences are re- edgeable in this area of concern. quired, existing procedures for placing A: Yes. At this stage, MED is providing an individual in special sick leave status field offices, as necessary, with sterile Q: In case of an accident or emergen- apply. At some point it may also be syringes and needles. These are avail- cy while on mission, what specific appropriate to apply for a disability able to all staff, including field staff and measures or precautions should I pension. those on missions and their depen- take in relation to AIDS prevention? dents. MED is also studying the possi- Q: Will testing positive affect home bility of providing traveling staff di- A: It goes without saying that you country travel? rectly with syringes; however, some should exercise extreme caution if you A: People who test positive continue to serious legal aspects have to be consid- are involved in an accident and need be eligible for home country travel ben- ered. In addition, MED is encouraging blood while on mission in a country efits. field offices to participate in "walking" where there is a high prevalence of blood banks-volunteers who donate HIV infection. As a first step, you could Q: I'm in the Bank/IFC medical blood-locally to respond to emergen- check whether anyone traveling on the plan. Will my doctor bills be covered cies. mission has blood that is compatible What the Bank is Doing about AIDS To help counter the threat of AIDS, According to Anthony Measham, ments with their national programs the Bank's Population, Health and Health Adviser in PHN, the basic and intends to support WHO's ef- Nutrition Department (PHN) is sys- measures governments need to take forts. The Bank would also work with tematically reviewing the health at this time are to train health work- WHO and others in analyzing the situation in each active borrowing ers to deal with AIDS, protect the economic, financial and demograph- member country. The objective is to blood supply, undertake an education ic impact of AIDS. determine what kind of assistance program on the disease and promote At the country level, the Bank has countries need and to respond quick- the use of protective devices such as an important potential role to play in ly to their requests for support. A condoms. facilitating initial assessments of the number of countries have already re- The World Health Organisation prevalence of infection with the AIDS quested assistance from the Bank. (WHO) is taking the lead in the global virus; preparing and financing, along PHN Director John North says one fight against AIDS and PHN officials with other donors, action plans for way to permit immediate action have been discussing possible action specific countries; and helping to en- would be to use funds from ongoing programs with the organization. sure that the prevention and control Bank projects to finance activities Messrs. North and Measham add that of AIDS fits into overall priorities in aimed at countering the disease. the Bank is ready to assist govern- the health sector. THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 7 with yours and who is willing and able needles could be considered as drug tested in the Health Room. Call Mrs. to donate blood in an emergency. You paraphernalia, there are some serious Bryan, extension 76395. could also check with the Resident Mis- legal considerations involved. Travel- Q: With regard to blood transfu- sion to see if there is a safe blood supply ing staff should always carry the card · f in the area. In the event that there is indicating their blood group in case of sions, by refusing to give blood aren't others going to know that the individ- no guaranteed safe blood supply, you emergency. ual is infected by the AIDS virus? should accept as little blood as possible As a matter of general hygiene, you until you can be evacuated to another should not share personal items, such A: There are many reasons why people area where blood is safer. as razors and toothbrushes, with any- do not donate blood, such as religious Q: Are there other general precau- one. It may be a good idea to keep concerns, fear of needles, other types tions Bank staff on mission should them under lock in some countries of medical conditions, etc. And, there know? where the high prevalence of HIV in is no reason that someone has to indi- A: First, as explained in Healthgram the local population would create a risk cate why he or she refuses to give #35, staff members should be sure to in case hotel personnel "borrow" them blood. have the proper immunization and to while you are at work. Finally, enough Q: Where can I get more general carryall necessary documents relative has been said about the causes of the information about AIDS? to their current immunization status. infection to know that certain behav- Bank staff on mission going to remote iors should always be avoided whether A: In the Washington area, call the areas should get clean syringes from abroad or here. Additional information Whitman-Walker Clinic, 332-AIDS; or the field office in those countries where can be found in the various booklets the AIDS Action Council, Federation it is known that injections may be giv- and pamphlets available in the Health of AIDS-Related Organizations, 547- en with unsterile syringes and needles. Room. Staff members who think that 3101. You might also call the Centers MED is exploring the possibility of di- they may have been infected because for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, rectly providing traveling staff with of previous blood transfusion or injec- on a toll-free line: (800) 342-AIDS. You clean syringes and/or needles. But as tions received under dubious condi- may consult a physician or nurse in the you can imagine, because syringes and tions may also want to have their blood Health Room, too. lID New Road Spurs Development in Mindoro, Philippines The Way to San Jose by Leandro V. Coronel niceto Elvena recalled that the capital, in the north. The road is a roo San Jose, with a population of A road was narrow, rough, and dus- ty. Some sections didn't exist at all component of the Philippine govern- ment's Rural Roads Improvement Pro- 80,000, is the major commercial and market center in Occidental Mindoro. while others were submerged in flood- gram, supported by a $62 million loan Mamburao has about 20,000 residents. waters during the rainy season, render- approved by the Bank in mid-1980. Before the road was built, contact ing them impassable. The San Jose-Mamburao Road has within each province and between Today the road on the western coast opened up economic and social oppor- them was limited. Travel by boat was of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, is tunities for the people on Mindoro Is- often the only means of transport be- still dusty. But it's an all-weather, grav- land, located just under the southern tween many communities. Today el road that stretches for 170 kilome- tip of Luzon, the main Philippine is- farmers, fishermen and merchants in ters (about 105 miles) from San Jose in land. Mindoro is divided into two prov- Mindoro are better able to sell their the south to Mamburao, the provincial inces, Occidental and Oriental Mindo- produce and goods to one another. 8 THE BANK 'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 Mr. Elvena, 67, has lived most of his life in the community of San Pedro, in the town of Rizal, Occidental Mindoro. He is a retired schools supervisor who owns a few hectares of farm land. "The new road has helped speed up develop- ment of our province. We farmers are able to sell our rice and other cash crops, at better prices, to more mar- kets and in towns and communities we couldn't reach before. With the open- ing of this expanded market, we are producing more to be able to meet demand," he says. Occidental Mindoro has an area of about 600,000 hectares (about 1.5 million acres), most of it agricultural land. Other crops grown in the area are bananas, mangoes, grapes, peanuts, tapioca, and vege- tables. Other activities include cattle and fish breeding. Farmers are Producing More "The farmers are producing so much more, they don't know what to do with it," exclaims Eugenio Manalo, Regional Director of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the national agency that built the road. "Their warehouses and silos are so full, Project Coordinator Tessie Santos meets with Aniceto Elvena (back to camera) and other Mindoro farmers outside warehouse overflowing with sacks of rice. Photo by Leandro V Coronel the rice has to be stored in the open and even on the new highway [which was built in concrete in areas along or near the town centers]. Occidental tation and communications, the San "Before, the rough and narrow path Mindoro has become the breadbasket Jose-Mamburao Road has generated from San Jose to Mamburao took 14 of the Southern Tagalog Region," Mr. other benefits. More people have estab- hours to travel," said Jose Borja, Manalo said proudly, referring to the lished homes along the highway, re- DPWH Project Manager. Now the trip II region south of Manila, the capital of ducing the isolation of communities. takes less than five hours." His boss, the Philippines. The new clusters of communities have, Mr. Manalo (who recently became Re- in turn, led to the construction of new gional Director in charge of the area Explore New Markets schools, health facilities, places of wor- that includes Manila) chimed in: "I A tour of communities that line the ship and community facilities such as timed it myself, it now only takes four highway confirmed Mr. Manalo's meeting halls and playgrounds. hours." tale-farmers were indeed producing It is now cheaper to operate road more and silos were brimming with vehicles and the benefits of the lower Easier to Move the Produce grain. But the farmers added that an- cost are trickling down to farmers who "The road has certainly improved other cause of the overflow is that the hire truckers to move their produce. our livelihood," says Imelda Garcia, agency that buys their produce had Agricultural inputs get delivered to whose husband, Efren, is a farmer and been temporarily unable to take all of farmers faster and in time for the plant- grains trader. They also own a rice mill. the rice for lack of funds. The new road ing season, resulting in increased yields lilt's a lot easier to move the produce enables them to explore new markets and better quality crops. Agricultural since they built the road," Mrs. Garcia in more distant parts of the province. extension workers are able to reach says. "But it's still dusty," she com- Meanwhile, they stand guard around more farmers. The overall result is that plained, and added wistfully, "I wish their stored grain to protect it from rats more land is being tilled and more they had used cement all the way." and other opportunists. grain and other crops are being pro- lilt is easier to communicate, and Besides the easier access to transpor- duced. even meet, with my fellow public offi- THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 9 'The project boosts the government's efforts to give priority to economically isolated and depressed rural areas, and improve incomes also help the country save on foreign and employment there. ' exchange because when you use more Amin Ramadan, Senior Loan Officer people, you use less oil, spare parts and machinery. Construction units could easily be organized to work in the proj- ect; with appropriate training, both cials, " said Natividad Simbulan, the ering changes in their construction men and women can be employed. mayor of Mamburao. She was attend- specifications and may build elevated This is one way of achieving commu- ing a seminar for local government bridges to replace the water spillways nity participation in development proj- officials, being held in San lose, exactly in certain areas. But this would add ects." After the construction of the 170 kilometers away from her baili- greatly to the project's cost. roads, the project will also emphasize wick. The mayors of the other towns Under the project, consultants car- the use of local workers to maintain nodded in agreement. Many of them ried out feasibility studies for improv- them. had come from distant towns, two of ing rural roads in 22 other provinces in Supports Government's Program them from island communities in the the Philippines. Based on the studies, north. the Asian Development Bank, which is "This project supports the govern- The San lose-Mamburao Road proj- based in Manila, agreed to finance the ment's program to speed up the devel- ect includes 10 bridges and four spill- work to be done in nine provinces. In opment of rural areas and is in line ways and cost more than $17 million. mid-1986, the World Bank approved a with the government's focus on rural- Half of the financing came from the second loan of $82 million to support based and labor-intensive projects and $62 million World Bank loan which the improvement of roads in the re- decentralization," says Amin Rama- also supported similar projects in other maining 13 provinces covered by the dan, Senior Loan Officer in the Philip- parts of the Philippines. The govern- studies and one additional province. pines Division, East Asia Country Pro- ment paid for half of the cost. Implementation of the Rural Roads grams Department. "The project The project is nearly finished. A Improvement Project II is being read- boosts the government's efforts to give bridge over the Mompong River in the ied by the government. The primary priority to economically isolated and town of Sablayan, the mid-point be- objective of this project is similar to depressed rural areas, and improve in- tween San lose and Mamburao, is the that of the earlier project: to help raise comes and employment there. Improv- last component and expected to be the incomes of farmers by making it ing the levels of service and infrastruc- completed this year. easier for them to market their pro- ture development would also support duce. About 1,340 kilometers (some the private sector's investments and Flooding in Some Areas 830 miles) of rural roads will be reha- contribute to the restoration of busi- There are still problems with flood- bilitated or upgraded. The project will ness confidence." ing in some areas. "We still get flooded introduce new methods in road Back in San lose, Occidental Mindo- when the rains come," complained maintenance and emphasize labor-in- ro, the town's mayor, Alvino Arevalo, people who live near the many rivers in tensive construction. took time out from the seminar he was the province. hosting for his fellow local government "Flooding is a chronic problem in Emphasize People's Involvement officials. lIThe persistent problem of Occidental Mindoro," said Tessie San- Branco Bjelogrlic, Project Officer in flooding in some of our communities tos, the DPWH project coordinator for the Bank's Transportation Division, must be solved," he stressed. "But the San lose-Mindoro Road construc- East Asia Projects Department, stress- overall, the new road has indeed been tion. "During the rainy season there is es the need to p~ovide employment good for us. We even use the concrete a lot of water runoff because some of opportunities to people in the com- surface to dry our harvested crops." the mountains have hard surfaces and munities covered by the project. lIThe II Of course, vehicles have to make a don't have vegetation to absorb the project will hire laborers from the com- detour when farmers use the road to water. Excessive logging and slash-and- munities in the project area to build the dry their harvest," said Omar Velayo, burn agriculture are also a problem. At roads. It will de-emphasize the use of DPWH Resident Engineer. "But that's [the Department of] Public Works we heavy machinery whenever possible; it okay, I guess," he said, and added, try to help remedy this situation." will emphasize the involvement of peo- "that makes it a multipurpose DPWH officials said they were consid- pIe," says Mr. Bjelogrlic. "This will project. " III 10 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 Japan and the Revival of Development in the Third World Barber ConabJe In late March, Bank President Barber CO/zable visited II1- ing nations depend to a large extent on their ability to donesia and Japan. In Tokyo, he delivered a speech to the increase their export earnings. The prospects for doing this Keidanren, all associatiOll of prominent Japanese business- depend, in turn , on the overall pace of world economic men. Here are excerpts: growth. Today! industrial nations are characterized by economic s mOdelTI Japan has shown the world, economic growth caution and hesitancy. The overall rate of growth expected A demands consistent prudent economic policies that stimulate savings and investment and secure public sector for these nations this year will be modest- far too modest to permit a significant rea] rise in the export earnings of most efficiency and private sector opportunities. Many developing developing nations. The outlook for OEeD [Organization for nations, particularly those that have major external debt Economic Cooperation and Development] economic growth difficulties, must reform their policies. They must adopt a offers scant hope for a revival in commodi~' prices- and course that rewards production and investment and business commodities remain crucial components of the foreign ex- innovation and creativity. change earnings equation of most developing nations. Increasing numbers of developing countrie~ in Asia, Latin But the prospects for growth portend even graver dangers. America and Africa have,a,dopted the coW'se of adjustment. The sluggiShness of domestic economic growth in much of This course has not been easy and has demanded political the industrial world is leading Lo rising pressW'es for new courage. Theresoh'e to pursue domestic economic policy trade protectionism and hardening the resistance of efforts adjustment in these countries must be firm. This is no simple to roll back existing protectionist measures. We all suffer in task, however, in a world where economic conditions and this climate none suffer more than the poorest countries in trends are more noted for their volatility than for their the developing world. stability. The developing nations, as part of their adjustment efforts Japan is one of the leaders of the global economy. It can and often as part of their strenuous efforts to service their and should playa lead role in securing a more stable inter- foreign debt, have been compressing their imports. Both national economic environment. It has demonstrated to the developing and developed countries ,have suffered. Living world that hard work and wise policies can secure sustained standards in the developing nations have declined. Export domestic economic grO\vth. It is important that Japan con~ opportunities of manufacturers in all countries, including tinue to use its wisdom and skills to calm the waters of OUf Japan, have shrunk. uncertain inte111ational economy and help bring real eco- The developing nations must exp0l1 more and avoid fur- nomic growth to the world at larg~. ther compression of imports if they are to grow. It is impor- The immediate prospects for the highly indebted develop- tant, therefore, for Japan to look for ways to increase trust THE BANKS WORLD I APRIL 1987 11 and cooperation between the major industrial nations to While this i encouraging. these countries' refolID pro- guard against protectionist pressures in other indust.rial grams will fall far hort of their objectives if major increases counu·ies. The new round of multilateral trade negotiations in medium-teml financing are not forthcoming. Industrial under the auspices of the GAIT [General Agreement on countries must do everything possible to close an estimated Tariffs and Trade] provide an opportunity to reverse protec- $2.5 billion annual financing gap in concessionaJ flows need- tionist trends and revive trade expansion. The opportunity ed over the next five years by those Sub-Saharan African must be seized. countries undertaking significant reform programs. Japan, as a powerful and highly competitive trading na- Sustained industrial country growth, expanding world tion, has everything, perhaps the most, to gain from open trade in a freer trading environment, higher levels of capital trading. It is entirely in Japan's interest that the GATT flows: these must be secured if the developing countries' negotiations lead to greater liberalization. Japan must take a efforts to achieve sustained development through adjustment leadership role. with growth are to succeed. Japan is wliquely placed to help There must be increased capital Oows to developing coun- ecure those objectives. tries [rom the commercial banks and through foreign private direct investment, from the governments of the industriaJ- Search for Ways to Put Surplus Capital to Work ized countries and from The World Bank, IFC and other As the world's leading creditor country, Japan de, erves multilateral agencies. encow-agement and support in its search for ways and means The World Bank and the IMF have been providing trong by which its surplus capital can be put to work in develop- support for the highly indebted middle-income countries menLIt makes eminent good sense to think of Japan's undet1aking adjustment programs. current account and savings surpluses in these tenus. Boost- Loans in support of policy reform to nine such countries- ing domestic demand is understandably a priority here. six of them in Latin America- showed a 20% increase in However, an economy so strongly export-oriented cannot 1986 over the previous year, while disbursements increased easily or quickly be converted to one powered essentially by by a record 56% for the same period. Fast-disbursing adjust- domestic demand. ment lending amounted to 47°0 of total lending to these In this context, we welcome Prime Minister Nakasone's countries in 1985 and 1986. initiative in organizing a group, under the leadership of [former Bank of Japan] Governor Maekawa, to study the World Bank Support Will Continue structw-aJ changes that are required in the Japanese econo- The World Bank's efforts to support these adjustment my. program will continue, but we cannot do it alone. The The conclusions of the Maekawa report stress the need for growth in our exposure must go hand in hand with increased cooperation rather than confrontation, and propose how lending by export credit agencies and commercial banks. adjustment should take place, not only in Japan but in other There has not, ho\\'ever, been any significant new lending industrialized countries as well. by the commercial banks. There were some commitments What is clear is that Japan needs more markets, for its and made to Mexico and Nigeria in 1986. Aside from that, there for the global economy's sake. With its surp] us, Japan can was very little. help create these new markets by enhancing the import The restoration of the creditworthiness of the highly in- capacity of the developing counu;es. debted middle-income countries cannot be achieved as long As owner of 25% of the world's total international banking as commercial banks see it as the precondition for resumed assets, Japan has the financial inti-astructure in place to bring lending. Restored creditworthiness will, at least in part, be capital to the developing countries. the product of a resumption. Our affiliate working in the plivate sector, the Internation- Few of the countries of Sub-Saharan Atiica which are al Finance Corporation, is anxious to help Japanese business undertaking adjustment programs can look to cOInmercial find profitable direct investment opportunities and to join banks to help fill the financing gap. Official development them in those investments. We are also hopeful that the assistance, both bilateral and multilateral, has to meet the newly created Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency need. For most of the countries of the region, the need can will help create an investment climate attractive to Japanese only be met with concessional flows, which have recently business. been on the increase. For 22 countries with adjustment Meanwhile, we at The World Bank are very consciou of, program that are eligible to borrow from our concessional and delighted by, the greater and more visible role that Japan financing arm, the International Development Association, is already playing in international developnlent through its total net concessional aid flows rose some 24% in 1986 over membership as a major hareholder in our institutions. 1985 levels. The World Bank, through IDA and the Special Nowhere is this more striking than in Japan's growing Facility for Africa, wa responsible for some $550 million of support for IDA. Twenty-fow- years ago, Japan provided the $800 million increase. 4.4% of the first replenishment of IDA's funds. Recently, it 12 THE BANK 'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 agreed to take an 183% share in a basic Eighth Replenish- standards for the many millions now living in unacceptable ment of $11.5 billion, and L o make an additional contribution poverty in Africa. 0[$450 million. Taking the two together, Japan's share in the Let us not forget, howe\'et. that India and China account total $12.4 billion replenishment is 210,'0. for over 40% of the world's population and nearly 80% of the Forty-five to fifty percent of IDA-8 will be devoted to the world spoor. I low-income countries of Sub·Saharan Africa. Japan has al· Their performance:and economic management have been ready contributed some $149 million for Special Joint Fi- excellent. They need foreign capital.and technical know-how nancing under our Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa. A to support their eff0l1s. They are rapidly growing markets of further contribution this fiscal year is expected to make tne future and are becoming more integrated into the worJd Japan the single largest contributor to the Special Facility for economy. Africa. The successful development of these irn porLant Asian We welcome this growing interest in helping Sub-Saharan economies, Japan's neighbors, is crucial to securing stability Africa. It is a region where many really poor countries and growth in the region and in the world. Here too, Japan desperately need capital to underpin their efforts LO carry can be a key contributor to progress. through difficult economic reform and adjustment programs Japan's gro\\'ing role in the international development aimed at restoring growth. erfort is an investment in the future: an investment in future Japan, both through multilateral channels, and directly, trading partners, in future economic prosperity for both can be a key contributor to the securing of decent living Japan and the developing countries. III Ensuring that the Poor Benefit from Improved Economic Policies: Outlook for Latin America Guy P. P{e(fennann Guy Pfeffennalln, Chief Economist, Latin America G,1'1d the ing and resourc:es have been transferred out of Latin America Caribbean Regior1, addressed the Nordic Symposia held longer and on a larger scale than was the case in Weimar March 26 ill Stockholm, Sweden, and March 27 ill Oslo, Gennany, which had better access to foreign capital than Norway. Here are excerpts from his remarks: Latin America has today. We are dealing with adjustrnentto a,brutal and prolonged uring the £1rs125 years after the Second World War, the drop in available resources. The net inflow of capital into D international economic scene was characterized by fast OEeD growth, sizeable capital transfers, moderate real in~ Latin America fell fTom over $25 biUion per year to less than $10 billion. Telms of trade deteriorated by 20% and interest terest rates, substantial irnpmts ofagricultural products by payments increased by more than $10 billion. Altogether, the the industrial cowltries and a gradual reduction in protec- sudden loss represents something like $45 billion, or fully tionism. In contrast, during the 1980s we have witnessed the one-half of total merchandise exports in 1980. lowest real commodity prices in this century, continuing Clearly, the issue for Latin America is not whether or not high real interest rates, increasing pl'otectionism and increas- to adjust.lt doesn't have that choice. Nor is adjustment ing competition by subsidized agricultural exports from the forced upon countries by the World Bank or the IMP. On the industrialized countries. The debt burden has been worsen- conb-ary, the foreign exch ange that is made available by THE BANK ' S WORLD I APRIL \987 13 these institutions makes it possible for adjustment to be typical underground metro costs $1.000 per centimeter. In spread over a longer period. Mexico. ajob in a stcel mill costs well over $10.000 while the But the resumption of sustainable growth in Latin America export processing industries- the only dynamic sow'ce of requires action over a vast array of policy areas: improved employment during the last five years- need only about domestic savings mobilization; encouragement of private $3,000 in investment for every job created. investment, including foreign direct investment; strength- What do external economic factors portend for Latin ened export incentives; and generally, the creation of a American growth? Thc crucial factors. as noted, are OEeD frame\vork conducive to a climate of confidence. A most gro\vth rates, commodity prices-they stilJ represent three- important aspect of this is credibility of economic policies quarters of Latin America's merchandise exports, interna- and continuity, once a course has been set. tional interest rates and the size of net capital inflows into the region. It looks as though OECD growth will conlinue to be Devaluation Will Help Many of the Poorest People moderate and commodity prices will remain depressed dur- Such policies will eventually help reduce poverty. In the ing 1987. On balance, only modest per capita growth is to be short run, however, they can cut both ways. Devaluation, for expected in Latin America this year. The region is in no example, will help agriculture and, therefore, many ofthe condition to withstand another severe external shock. poorest people. Import tariff reductions help consumer at What can the OECD countries do to help? U.S. trade large, including the poor, by reducing the cost of living. But deficit-reduction is likely to be deflationary. Therefore, there fiscal and credit austerity may well hurt the poor unless it is is an urgent need for more imports by other OEeD countries, complemented by special efforts to shield them from general especially from the developing countries. Liberalization of expenditure cuts. agricultural policies, particularly on sugar, would help the But cross-subsidies favoring the poor can have desirable poor in Latin America directly. effects without burdening public sector finance. Water and There is a need for increased funding for multilateral electricity can be sold cheaper to small consumers or in poor institutions to ensure larger capital flows in supp011 of devel- districts. Food subsidies can be targeted in at least three opment as weU as more substantial flows from official credit ways. First, they should focus on foods overwhelmingly agencies and other sources of finance. concentrated in low-income households. In Mexico this in- cludes maize in grain form, beans, pork fat and solid brown Stepping Up Disbursements to the Region sugar. Second, targeting can be done by location in the poorest areas. Third, specific categories of persons and The World Bank can help, as it is doing, by stepping up its families can be given food stamps. own disbw'sements to the region and in trying to attract One of the most progressive policy changes is the elimina- complementary financing from other sources. We have al- tion of free university education. Ten primary school pupils ready stepped up our commitments to Latin America and the can be trained for the cost of one university student (in Brazil Caribbean from about $3 billion in the early 19805 to nearly and Colombia, the ratio is 30 to 1). Only a small minority of $ 5 billion in the fiscal year that ended last June. During the university students are from poor families, and they could be second half of 1986 our disbursements reached a record level protected by a system of scholarships and student loans. The of $3 billion. sums saved through realistic charge can be used to improve While we have continued to devote the bulk. of our efforts and expand primary education, especially in rural areas to tJ'aditional projects, the increase in disbursements has when:. so much remains to be done. come largely from policy support operations for structural In de 'igning programs to help the poor, it must be kept in and sectoral adjustment. Thus, the expansion oflending has mind that little, if any. additional money is likely to be come hand in hand with the gradual implementation of available. Therefore, the emphasis must be on reallocation policies which are conducive to resumed sustained economic and efficiency improvements. This suggests a two-pronged gro\\'th, which are the only ones which afford long-term approach. promises of poverty alleviation. First, governments can make efforts to improve the effi- Recently, the President of the Ban k created a poverty task ciency of their health, nutrition and education ministries and force which will define ways in which we can respond more other agencies, so as to release real resources that can be forcefully to the challenge of increasing poverty in Latin focllsed on the poor. America. The Development Committee, at its April meeting, Second, some redirection of efforts- for example, as sug- will be considering a Bank report on the social costs of gested earlier, away from university education and in favor adjustment (Protecting the Poor during Periods of Adjust- of primary education- would benefit the poorer groups. ment). I expect that these initiatives will be translated into Lastly, Latin American governments have not used their bringing poverty back to the forefront of our policy dialogue considerable, often excessive, direct role in the economy to with member countries which has been, for very good cncuw'age the creation of productive employment. Country reasons, dominated by adjustment issues during the past five after country has invested in capital-intensive projects. The years. II 14 THE BANK 'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 A bold adventure in educational filmmaking Enterin the Video Age by Frank Vogi II Global Links" will be coming to your television screens soon. It is a bold education adventure creat- ed by Jaime Martin-Escobal of the In- formation and Public Affairs Depart- ment for international audiences and for schools and colleges. Distribution overseas will be handled exclusively by the Bank, while a coproduction part- nership has been arranged, ensuring wide distribution in North America, with WETA/Channel 26, the public television station in Washington. "Global Links" consists of 13 films about development that will be aired in two seasons. The first six films have been completed and arrangements are being made to determine U.S. public television air times and promotional campaigns for the next few months. Jaime Martin-Escobal in the editing room. Photos by Rob Mcllvane The other seven films will be aired in 1988. There have been special series on the developing world before, such as "The opportunities for the Bank to influence later in other films and to conduct Africans," and individual documentary the editorial content of the films. More some interviews with leading experts shows, such as "Fragile Mountain," importantly, these film projects are al- in these areas. And about this time, which the Bank helped to finance. But most always on very specialized Charles Hobson, a senior executive at never before has there been so general themes and are thus likely to have rel- WETA and an admirer of Jaime Mar- and so wide-ranging a series about de- atively small, long-term audience mar- tin's earlier films, showed interest in a velopment. "Global Links" will serve kets. But in the age of television it is wide-ranging television series about de- as a basic introduction to the Third obvious that anyone concerned with velopment and links between develop- World for millions of people. The devel- increasing understanding of the chal- ing nations and developed ones. opment themes of the first six films lenges of development must think and With the footage that Jaime Martin concern women, the environment, act video. brought back from his IDA film mis- health, cities, education and traditions. About two-and-a-half years ago we sions, William Spidle, head of the then The idea for the series emerged slow- decided that it was essential that we Production Services Section of IPA, ly in IPA some years ago. Rarely a week put together a film on IDA's successes, suggested that we move ahead with a goes by without an independent pro- a film that could be used with non- television series. Messrs. Hobson and ducer sending a film concept to the governmental organizations as the Martin determined the details of the Bank for financing. Often the funding Eighth Replenishment of IDA moved concept, but left one particularly tricky costs reach up to $450,000 for a one- ahead. Making this film would obvious- matter on my shoulders. Making a ser- . ; hour documentary and there are few ly involve filming missions to Africa ies is not simply making a set of indi- and Asia, and Jaime Martin suggested vidual films and calling them a series. Frank Vogi is Director of the Informa- that the opportunity should be used to There have to be common themes and J tion and Public Affairs Department. take additional footage for possible use connections between the films. Having THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 15 use "Global Links" in American schools. Writers were hired to produce teachers' guides and general schools 'We desperately need to increase understanding materials to go with each film for use of the economic problems confronting the Third in colleges and high schools. A special film for teachers on how to use the World. But understanding . .. will not be series was produced. Today seminars possible in a world filled with hunger, illiteracy are being held across the country to make sure that development, with and poverty. Education is essential in order to "Global Links," gets on the curriculum achieve this understanding. ' in thousands of American schools. So the series took flight and as it did, From "Education: A Chance for a Better word about it spread and interest grew. World," a segment of "Global Links" The Publication Department's Kather- ine Sheram, who spearheads the Bank's outreach to U.S. schools, has been helping with the series as the Bank and its efforts becomes increas- ingly respected among U.S. educators. And Jaime Martin gets strong support here from researcher/writer and gen- eral filming coordinator Isabel Malu- wetig, technicians Ramon Rouco and Gustavo Erostegui, consultant editors and researchers Nancy Light Robinson and Rob McIlvane and freelance cam- eraman David Hogoboom. Cutting Corners By working inside, cutting corners, using existing Bank film and merging film missions, a series has been put together at certainly far less than half Editing "Global Links." standard commercial costs. But more importantly, the series is likely to at- tract great interest from television au- diences and educators around the an on-screen narrator is an important and director of the series was told to world. link between the films, but who should make his debut as an on-screen per- In coming weeks IPA will arrange to assume this role in "Global Links"? former and narrate the series. He has have the film shown widely in the Bank done so well that one New York public and if there are staff meetings that More Footage, Fewer Missions relations expert who has previewed want to devote 30 minutes to watching Hiring Walter Cronkite was suggest- the films now calls Jaime the "Jacques one of the films, such special showings ed, but IPA's budget was awfully Cousteau of development. " can be arranged. IPA will then want small. More importantly, to drastically ideas from staff on how best to use the reduce the cost of the series it was Enthusiasm for the Films Grew films with specialized audience groups decided to shoot as much footage as Charles Hobson's enthusiasm for the and for seminars and educational pro- possible on as few filming missions as films grew a~ the footage increased (by grams. The World Bank, in its pro- possible and thereafter use different the way, versions of the IDA film are grams of research and publications, is parts of the footage for different films, available from IPA) and this influenced the foremost international source of rather than making special missions for others at WETA to take an interest, development education materials. This each film. This would require a narra- especially Lynn Fontana and Stephanie role has influenced the development tor who could travel on all missions Dailey who are involved in WETA spe- process and brought prestige to the and talk about education at one mo- cial educational work. Soon a grant institution. Now this role is being signi- ment and urban development the next. was secured from the U.S. govern- ficantly extended as the Bank's educa- Jaime Martin, already the producer ment to launch a major program to tional efforts enter the video age. 1'1 16 THE BANK 'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 One Way to Hold Down the Cost of Technical Assistance U.N. Volunteers At Your Service by Marjorie Messiter the services of the United Nations Vol- the cost of technical assistance A sescalates, more and more hard- unteers Programme for assignments requiring less sophisticated technical Development Department, probably has more experience than anyone in pressed borrowers are resisting the the Bank. Since 1982, he has hired an bills for high-priced experts. And their skills. average of 10 Volunteers a year to work objections are striking a responsive Though they are called volunteers, on the Rural Water Supply Handpump cord in the Bank. participants in the U.N. program do Project. The project's objective is to "High pay doesn't necessarily buy receive a small monthly living allow- promote improved designs of hand- high performance," says Nimrod Ra- ance, free living accommodations, and pumps which can be manufactured lo- phaeli, Technical Cooperation Adviser some form of transportation and insur- cally in developing countries and main- in the Projects Policy Department. "In ance. Yet, the annual cost of a U.N. tained by trained village operators. Africa, the issue of cost is magnified by Volunteer ranges between $15,000 and These handpumps are the main tool for economic crisis, poorly paid national $25,000 compared to an average cost providing an adequate water supply on staffs and limited expectations of tech- of $120,000 for an experienced consul- a wide scale to rural populations. nical assistance. And the problems of tant. U.N. Volunteeers are most often Field Trials in 17 Countries technical assistance are further com- pounded by system overload-there used in agriculture, forestry and fisher- To conduct field trials in 17 countries are too many donors competing to pro- ies, and health and education projects, in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Mr. vide services which tax the ability of but the program's roster of profession- Arlosoroff needed engineers "who the governments to use them." al categories includes everything from were willing to do the pragmatic, skilled trades to physicists. Working unexciting work of assessing the per- Studies Confinn Assessment closely with other technical personnel, formance of thousands of handpumps Studies conducted in the Europe, they are usually employed as extra around the world. Middle East and North Africa hands supplementing the work of na- "The budget was too small to allow (EMENA) and the Western Africa Re- tional staff or temporarily replacing us to monitor pumps in 15 to 17 coun- gions confirm his assessment. In its staff while they take training courses. tries using highly experienced expa- review of technical assistance and In operation since 1971, the pro- triate engineers, so I had to choose training conducted last year, the task gram now has about 3,000 eligible can- between working in four countries force in the Western Africa Regional didates on its roster, and some 1,140 with higher-level engineers, or working Office cited a number of other issues Volunteers working as middle-level in 17 countries with less-experienced affecting the quality of technical assis- specialists in developing countries. engineers. I chose the latter option, tance: the conflict between the need They are mainly young university grad- because it was essential that we work for quick results and the long-term ob- uates from developing countries with in a large number of countries that jective of building up local capabilities; an average of seven years' working were regionally important and influen- overdesigned projects and institutional experience. The recruitment office in tial with their neighbors and others to frameworks; an unattractive and dete- Geneva, Switzerland, has no lack of have maximum impact globally. riorating working environment for lo- applications: approximately 800 pour "Since our sample was relatively cal professionals; lack of performance- in each month, though only about one- small, it was extremely important that based evaluations of consultants; the third of the applicants are eligible and the data be as accurate as possible. My difficulty of finding qualified people to available for immediate employment. instincts told me I could rely on engi- move to a country for two or three neers from developing countries to be years at the peak of their careers; and, High Marks fair and thorough in such routine and an inadequate supply of local consul- Bank staff who have employed U.N. hard work." tants. Volunteers in their projects give them Though he was warned he might get Nevertheless, one way to improve high marks. Saul Arlosoroff, Chief of inadequate data ifhe used U.N. Volun- results and lower costs, Mr. Raphaeli the Applied Research and Technology teers, Mr. Arlosoroff's gamble paid off. .t and other Bank staff suggest, is to use Unit in the Water Supply and Urban He says a third of the last 15 Volunteers THE BANK ' S WORLD I APRIL 1987 17 he has hired have been upgraded and nanced by other agencies, the Bank ia, for example, has its own volunteer are employed as field project officers; can help governments short of local service corps and is not active either as most all have done well in their assign- funds use their funds more effectively a supplier or as a recipient of U.N. ments, and only three have been re- by financing other local elements of Volunteers. leased for performing below par. extension projects such as transport for Marjory-Anne Bromhead, now an Volunteers and extension workers and No Volunteers in Own Countries Economist in the Water Supply and local training costs. Atthe moment, the U.N. Volunteer Sewerage Division, EMENA Projects "These Volunteers are very good policy does not allow placement of Vol- Department, had similar good results working at the field level, organizing unteers in their own countries. But, while working as a Project Officer in and animating agricultural extension Ms. Risen says, "At a recent U.N. Vol- the Northern Agriculture Division, workers," she continues, "and they unteers conference in Lesotho, govern- Eastern and Southern Africa Projects can provide advice and help implement ment representatives requested that Department. U.N. Volunteers were projects at the grass roots level. They the system be expanded to allow parti- employed in a program to strengthen are not highly paid and don't live on a cipants to work in their own coun- the Comoros' rural services network. plane above the local staff, so the local tries. " The program was financed by several staff don't resent them." While U.N. Volunteers may not be donors and the World Bank through qualified to offer advice on policy-re- the Rural Services Project. "The Volun- Finding Places for Volunteers lated matters, Mr. Raphaeli considers teers are good value for the money," Diana Risen, Technical Assistance them "uniquely qualified to provide Mrs. Bromhead says. But she adds, Officer in the Public Sector Manage- direct operational support to govern- "they have to be carefully managed." ment Division of Western Africa Proj- ments to supplement national person- ects Department, has been involved in nel. " Recruitment Process is Careful finding places for the Volunteers in her Whenever these U.N. Volunteers can Saying that they have to be managed region. Says she: "We are looking care- be used, the program's advocates say does not imply reservations about their fully for appropriate opportunities to the Bank is making an important con- qualifications. Says Mrs. Bromhead: use them, but it's a question of what tribution to training and institution- "The recruitment process is careful, kind of people you need and what kind building and to fostering cooperation and one Volunteer proved so capable of technical back-up is required." among developing countries. Ell that he was later employed directly as When asked to hire Volunteers from an expert on a Bank-financed project." Third World countries, Ms. Risen says For more information about the She also points out that even where borrowers will often suggest hiring U.N. Volunteers Programme, contact the Volunteers' direct costs are fi- their own university graduates. Niger- Mr. Raphaeli, Ext. 76955. Communicating the purpose and structure, and how it is usual at this time of year. The Reorganization will put the Bank in a stronger Executive Directors are scheduled to position to help the developing consider the salary structure Staff are aware that the report on countries. It is expected to reach adjustment on April 28. Under the the recommendations of the staff a day after Mr. Conable present timetable, managers will use Steering Committee has been presents his final decisions to the the time between May 6 and May 20 circulated widely. The report was Board in early May. The second to decide individual salary increases sent to the Executive Directors, the booklet, to be distributed a day or and Vice Presidents are expected to Staff Association and managers. Mr. two later, will explain the approve the increases by early June. Conable has asked managers to brief implementation process-how Current managers will be their staff on the major proposals staffing decisions and other aspects responsible for making the decision and themes contained in these of the new organization will be on individual salary increases. Staff recommendations. handled. will be receiving their Personnel The final results of this study, Annual Salary Review Action Forms between June 9 and based on Mr. Conable's decisions, June 30. The salary increases, to be Schedule will be communicated to staff in two retroactive to May 1, are expected to booklets. The first booklet will Bank staff should know that the be reflected in the payroll at the end describe the new organization, its annual salary review is under way, as of June. 18 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1987 Confirmation, Mass, Retreat, Missionary . .. What's in a Word? by Gillian W. Ross ords, like fashions and habits, 2035 (4-86) and sent in a confidential W , change with the passing years. In childhood the word confirmation envelope to PMD for placement in the staff member's career file, all under the conjured up visions of endless hours of acronym of "PPR." Nothing to do now religious instruction; young girls un- but sit back and pray for confirmation, willingly cloistered in a dark school- not into God's hallowed church but room, dreaming of the summer outside into the sanctuary of the Bank's world, as the vicar's voice droned on, carry- there to earn our daily bread. ing God's message above our nodding Religion in the Bank, however, does The word "retreat" too has different heads out into the sunlight where our not end with confirmation. The newly connotations in this day and age. "A thoughts danced. White dresses and confirmed is then initiated into the period of group withdrawal for prayer black leather Bibles clasped in white mystique of MASS-It. As a prospective or meditation "-so says Webster, but gloved hands, gold crosses and chains, convert to this new word-processing hardly an apt description of a Bank a cold, dark church and fleeting system the novice must put aside any retreat. The cup of water and meager glimpses of proud parents as we memory of what the word Mass used crust of bread of the devout are re- walked down the aisle-this is what to mean in life prior to confirmation. placed by wine and ample fare; a hard confirmation was made of. Forget the incense drifting upward to cot in a cell-like room by the comforts the vaulted rafters, the priest in his rich of a modern hotel suite, interior- vestments and the somber chants. The sprung mattresses and color TV; reli- stone christening font is likewise but a gious tracts by papers on the aims and II distant memory. Gone are the cold wa- objectives of the division over the com- ter crosses on a howling baby's brow ingyear." as font emerges in the training manual in its other guise, that of a print com- mand. \.-1--1. \·I~,;\\'-" , I~ ,\_ " , "I/I! 4JI#. WI!'" Now the word has taken on new meaning and is preceded by new ritu- als. First comes the writing of the staff Changed too are the missionaries Wd~~ member's summary assessment of who peopled our childhood story- achievements followed by the supervi- books, setting forth fearlessly to the sor's performance review (to be dis- four corners of the earth to reap their cussed with the staff member), then iIlI harvest of converted souls. Laying the development plan and the manage- their prayer books aside, TORs and ment review, neatly typed on form No. traveler's checks in hand, briefcases bulging, the modern-day missionary Gillian W Ross is a Staff Assistant in emerges from 1818 H Street on mis- ..l the Transportation Department. sions of a very different sort. 1:1 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 19 ~-,A-round the Bank - -- I _ _ _____ -- Dance the Night Away ... . . . at the Second Annual Champagne Ball in the IMF Atrium. Friday, May 1, is the evening for having fun and sup- porting a worthwhile cause-the Mar- garet McNamara Memorial Fund-at the same time. This is the last call for tickets-$35 each from the WBVS Or- fice, Rm. 1-1-172. Champagne, cheese, fruit, dessert crepes, pastries and coffee will be served and there will be an open bar throughout the evening. The gala event is from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m.; black tie is optional. The Ball will feature a raffle with many wonderful prizes. The grand prize is two round-trip tickets to Frankfurt on Lufthansa Airlines. You can buy your raffle tickets for $1 Photo courtesy 01 Central Bank 01 the Philippines Loan Signing in Manila each (or a book of 12 for $10) when you Philippine Secretary of Finance Jaime Ongpin and East Asia and Pacific Region Vice buy your tickets to the Ball. III President Attila Karaosmanoglu (second and third from left) sign the loan agreement for the $300 million Economic Recovery Loan approved recently by the Board. The signing took place March 30 at the office of the Finance Secretary in Manila. Also in the picture are Central Bank Governor Jose Fernandez (left), Philippines Programs Division Chief Attila Sonmez and Resident Representative Rolando Arrivillaga (second and first from right). Winning Photo "Sylvia," awarded First Prize in the color slide category at the International Camera Club's Annual Exhibit last month. This pic- Amateur Radio Station Opens Photo by Miche le lannacci ture also won the Slide of the Year award in the Club's 1985-86 exhibit. The prizewin- The Bank's Amateur Radio Station is officially open in Rm. C-l212. Martijn Paijmans, Vice ning photographer is IFC's Terence Kuch President, Personnel and Administration, cuts the ribbon at opening day festivities April 2. who created the picture by "sandwiching" The Club is committed to helping the Bank's communications efforts in times of emergency two separate color slides and re-photograph- and natural disaster, such as an earthquake, when telephone communication is usually ing them. The title is derived from Sylvan- unavailable. us, the god of the forest. 20 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 'How To Succeed ... ' Succeeds by Jill Roessner "Did you get my memo?" Pierrepont Finch, the young man who in amateur theatricals. The only profes- "What memo?" succeeds in business. Mr. Stephens, ac- sional was Rita Criggar, the producer "My memo about memos. We're cording to the program.notes, regards and director. sending out too many memos and it's the role as a portent for his future Bank The laughter got a little rueful to- got to stop. " career. Martin O'Hara, from West Afri- ward the end of the show when one of "All right, I'll send out a memo. " ca Programs, was Mr. Biggley, the role the cast, talking to the chairman of the That was only one of the many ex- originally played by Rudy Vallee on board, says: changes in "How to Succeed in Busi- Broadway in the early' 60s. (Having " ... I know what's on your mind. ness Without Really Trying" with seen both productions, I found Mr. You'd like to clear out the whole which Bank staff could identify whole- O'Hara's performance the more enter- crowd from top to bottom. That's the heartedly. The Pulitzer Prize-winning taining.) obvious move. But stop and think . .. musical was staged in March by the Everyone in the show was terrific, One man may seem incompetent, World Bank Theatre Group as its first but special mention goes to Nancy Another not make sense, production. Hershberger from the Operations Poli- While others look like quite a waste, Speechwriting Unit Chief Julian cy and Research Division of Water Of company expense . .. " Grenfell, one of the group's founders, Supply and Urban Development, who has long been convinced that there is a made a stunning Hedy La Rue, the But the story has a happy ending. wealth of theatrical talent in the Bank, stereotypical dumb blonde, along with And another happy ending is the check and this rip-roaring production con- Peter Harrold, China Division, as Bud for $1 ,000 that will go to Children's finned his belief. Playing to almost a Frump, and Stephanie Soutouras from Hospital from the profits from the tick- full house at each of the five perfor- Population, Health and Nutrition De- et sales. mances in the H building auditorium, partment, as Smitty, both of whom A lot of people put a tremendous the cast seemed to be enjoying itself gave memorable performances. amount of work into the show and almost as much as the audience. Several of the cast were not Bank their efforts were rewarded by a daz- The stars of the show included the staff, but spouses or friends of staff, zling production. The first of many, we Brazil Division's Jim Stephens as J. most of whom had previous experience hope. II A scene from "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying." Photo by Yosef Hadar THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 21 Letters to the Editor . In the early hours of March 9, extension agent in the countries where lent! ... but I think we can still do a bit Moshe Levy, an Extension Specialist in he worked. For him, there was never better!" the Regional Mission in Western Africa any doubt: the field had priority over Moshe Levy was an unusual man, a t, (RMWA), died in Faranah, in the north- the office. typical field man, the likes of whom we east of Guinea. He died as he had He wrote little; his reports seldom would like to see more often. Guinea lived-among farmers, away from the exceeded two pages, written in clear, Radio praised him as a soldier who cities, doing what he enjoyed most: simple, nearly telegraphic, style. But died in the field of battle. The rural conducting a workshop for agricultural he always focused on the essentials. He world was indeed his field and his bat- extension agents. could afford to be brief, for he knew his tle was to improve the conditions of I don't think many people knew him subject thoroughly and did not need fanners through the imparting of at Headquarters-which, I believe, he long phrases to hide indecisions. And knowledge. only visited recently for the first time- above all, he never criticized. He nor did he know many people in gov- might have had numerous occasions Jean-David Roulet ernment ministries. But he knew thou- and many reasons to do so, but his Chief, RMWA sands of farmers and virtually every motto seemed to be: "Excellent! Excel- Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire - AnswerLine . The purpose of this column is to Question: When I take home leave, Question: I have noticed that our se- answer questions of broad interest am I entitled to add on the appro- curity guards rarely check the passes concerning the World Bank/IFC's priate number of travel days, regard- of workmen, nor do they carefully policies and procedures. Because of less of whether I travel on the week- check the sign-in and sign-out sheets space limitations, only questions of end? The person who handles leave used after hours. I have also read the wide interest can be published. If you and attendance for our division says circulars which warn that theft pre- have such a question, send it to: we are not allowed to take the extra vention is our own responsibility. Ex- AnswerLine, The Bank's World, travel days unless we actually travel actly what, or who, is it that our RoomD-839. on weekdays (since we'd have the guards protect us from? * * * weekend off anyway), but I can't find anything in the Staff Rules (or the old Answer: Monitoring workmen's Question: The memorandum on Personnel Manual) to this effect. passes may appear casual. However, "Special Immigrant Status for G-4 photo ID badges are clearly displayed Visa Holders" (FYI/87/ 19, February Answer: Staff Rule 6.13, paragraph on their uniforms making it unneces- 20, 1987) points out clearly that staff 7.01 describes the travel time provi- sary to routinely stop them. members who convert to permanent sions for home country travel. In short, Monitoring the sign-in/sign-out re- resident status will have their eligi- each home country travel entitlement gister during non-Bank hours is based bility for expatriate benefits affected. includes a number of travel days as on the premise that Bank staff should Would dependent children of staff specified in Annex B to Rule 4.03 "Ben- have no reason to falsify recorded data. members on G-4 visa status, who efits on Appointment. " These days are Should the guards suspect or observe obtain permanent resident status, provided regardless of the staff mem- something out of order, a detailed have their eligibility for education ber's home country travel itinerary, so check is conducted. benefits affected? At the general a staff member traveling on a weekend The theft prevention circulars are meetings held on the subject, no will still be granted the travel days. reminders that the user of property is clear answer has been given so far. Similarly, staff members who in actual the first line of defense against theft. Answer: Education benefits for de- fact use more or less days than the Security guards are responsible for pendent children of G-4 visa holders approved allocation to reach their maintaining a safe and secure environ- will not be jeopardized if those children home destination still receive the num- ment, but security cannot be guaran- adopt permanent resident status. Un- ber of days allotted by the policy. If you teed. The effectiveness of any security der Staff Rule 6.14, eligibility for edu- have queries on the interpretation of program depends on the degree of cation benefits is dependent upon the leave policies, please contact your Ben- cooperation and support it receives citizenship or permanent resident sta- efits Assistant who will be happy to from those it is designed to protect, tus of the staff member and not of the help you. James A. Jones, Chief, Bene- affinning our belief that security is ev- dependent child. Ian Bume, Director- fits Division, Compensation Depart- eryone's business. Robert F. Town- designate, Compensation Department. ment. send, Chief, Security Division, GSD. 22 THE BANK 'S WORLD I APRIL 1987 pointments Senior Staff Ap, SVEN BURMESTER has been promoted to GEORGE PAPADOPOULOS, aU .S. nation- Deputy Secretary, Secretary's Department, al, was appointed the first Resident Repre- succeeding Serena Han Clarke, effective sentative in Brasilia, Brazil, effective April May 1. Mr. Burmester, a Danish national, 15. Mr. Papadopoulos joined the Bank's joined the Bank in 1971 through the Young Controller's Department in 1967; in 1971, Professionals Program. After graduating he moved to the Programming and Budget- from the Program in 1972, he was appoint- ing Department as Programming Officer. In ed as ~n Economist in the Education Divi- 1975, he transferred to the Latin America sion, Eastern Africa Projects Department. and the Caribbean Country Programs De- In 1975, he was appointed Personal Assis- partment II as a Loan Officer in the Carib- tant to the PreSident. In 1977, he was promoted to Division Chief bean Division and, in 1980, was promoted to Senior Loan Officer. for Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan, East Africa Programs I. In 1983, One year later, he moved to the Brazil Division in the same capacity. he transferred as Chief, Education Division, East Asia and Pacific Projects Department. Retirees IAN M. HUME has been promoted to Di- rector, Compensation Department, suc- REGINALD A. CLARKE, Director, Com- ceeding Reginald A. Clarke, effective May pensation Department-a position he has 1. Mr. Hume, a Zimbabwean national, held since 1979-wiU retire April 30. Dur- joined the Bank in 1969 through the Young ing his 23 years in the Bank, Mr. Clarke Professionals Program. In 1971, he joined served as a Technical Assistance Officer in the Economics Department, Population Development Services from 1964 to 1965; and Employment Division, as an Econo- Assistant Director of Administration, Per- mist. In 1973, he transferred to the Europe, sonnel Department, from 1965 to 1971; and Middle East and North Africa (EMENA) Director, Personnel Department, from 1971 Country Programs Department I, as a Country Economist and, in to 1979. Before joining the Bank, he was 1975, was promoted to Senior Economist. Mr. Hume resigned from with the British Royal Air Force and later, was Permanent Secretary, the Bank in 1975 and returned to Zimbabwe where he served as the Ministry of Finance, Nigeria. Mr. Clarke, a U.K. national, hopes to Executive Director of the Whitsun Foundation, an independent retire to Vancouver, B.C., Canada. agency dealing with economic analysis and project preparation. He rejoined the Bank in 1978 as Senior Economist, Office of the Director, EMENA. In 1982, he was appointed Chief, Division 1D, New Staff Members Country Programs, in the same region. In April ] 985, he was Raymond E. Alexander Ronald Jones promoted to Assistant Director, Energy Department, responsible New Zealand United Kingdom initially for the Economic Advisory Staff and, from October, for Exec. Director's Asst./EDS/ 3/ 23 Adviser/ WAN/ 3/ 6 Energy Policy and Strategy. John E. Beale UlriCh Lachler Barbados Germany Project Officer/ UNDP/ 3/ 30 Economist/IND/ 3/ 2 Walter E. Cortes Nahed B. Mahmoud Costa Rica Egypt Secretary/ ACT/ 3/ 9 Secretary/ LEG/ 3/ 30 CLAUDE DELAPIERRE, a French national, Wilfrid B. Drum Julijana Milutinovic United Kingdom Yugoslavia was appointed Resident Representative in Public Sector Mgmt. Specialist/ Staff Assistant/EDS/ 3/ 2 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, effective Feb- WAP/312 Mohan H. Pherwani ruary 27. Mr. Delapierre joined the Bank in Akhtar M. Elahi India 1969 as a Transportation Engineer/Econo- Pakistan Industrial Specialist/IND/ 3/ 30 mist in the Regional Mission in Abidjan, Irrigation Engineer/ EAP/ 3/ 16 Anthony E. Shields Cote d'Ivoire. In January 1976, he moved Beatrice L. Ettangondop Jamaica to Headquarters as an Engineer in the Cameroon Sr. Accounting Asst./ ACT/ 3/ 26 Transportation and the Urban Projects De- Secretary/ WAP/ 3/ 9 Yuko Shimamoto partment. He remained with Urban Proj- Valeriano F. Garcia Japan Argentina Librarian/ ITF/ 3/ 16 ects Department, Eastern and Western Africa Division, after the Financial Economist/LCP/ 3/ 2 Paula P. Walden department's separation from Transportation in June 1976. In 1981, William K. Jaeger United States '1 Mr. Delapierre was promoted to Senior Engineer and, in July of the United States Secretary/ EGY / 3/ 2 same year, transferred to the Western Africa Projects Department, Incentives Economist/SOA/3/ 16 Urban Division. To prepare for his new assignment, Mr. Delapierre Narin S. Jameson moved last November to the Western Africa Country Programs United States Department I, Division 1A. Staff Assistant/ EDS/ 3/ 16 THE BANK ' S WORLD I APRIL 1987 23 A Mf9 go to pres ••• DEVELOPMENT OOMKITTEK MEETING. Chairman actions that can be taken. B.T.G. Chidzero, Minister of Finance, "The communique that we have issued Economic Planning and Development of tonight is clear on the critical importance Zimbabwe, summed up the 31st meeting of the of strengthening world trade. The Uruguay Committee, held April 10 in Washington, at Round [of multilateral trade negotiations] a press conference later that day: is vital and in this regard there was "Our meeting today has taken place at agreement that it must be comprehensive-- a time when actions to promote economic that means, it must include agricultural development are particularly urgent •••• We trade issues. Let me just add at this must recognize that world economic growth point that many Ministers drew attention to and trade rates are weak; that commodity the distortions in global agricultural prices, especially those vital to the trade and prices and the costs that export earnings of developing countries, policies of industrial nations have for have fallen dramatically; capital flows are their own taxpayers and consumers, as well constrained and the scale of human suffer- as for the developing countries. ing in many developing nations is cause for "It was widely recognized that intense concern. It is imperative that we Secretary [of the U.S. Treasury James] mobilize the will for concerted efforts of Baker's debt plan has produced some good both the developed and developing countries results and that its central concern with if the prospects for the developing the need to secure growth is right. But in countries are to improve and the health of view of global economic trends and the the world economy strengthened. reluctance of commercial banks to play as "Our agenda ••• has been a full one, full a role as is needed, there was with a particular focus on the crucial agreement in the Committee that there debt-servicing problems of both the heavily should be creative efforts to determine indebted middle-income and the lower-income refinements in current approaches and to countries. -And it has to be stressed that develop new financing approaches. It was there is concern for securing the necessary stressed that the Bank and the Fund must capital flows to all developing countries continue to play central ro l es in this for basic development programs, as well as area. to support adjustment. We have made "It was also recognized that programs progress in securing clearer understandings of adjustment must be highly sensitive to among nations. social conditions. The Ministers have "There is full agreement that there agreed that governments and international needs to be special attention to the acute institutions should give special attention problems of Sub-Saharan Africa. The $12.4 to protecting the poorest of the poor in billion IDA-8 agreement, with its increased designing and implementing reform focus on this region, was welcomed. But it policies. They agreed as well--and I think was stressed that there need to be still this is most important--that there should greater concessional flows and aid coordi- be increased capital flows and more nation in support of nations pursuing targeted use of resources to guard against adjustment programs. Further, there was hardship for the poor in the process of important recognition of the need to adjustment. vigorously examine ways in which official " ••• The Ministers welcomed the creditors can develop debt-relief increased attention that the World Bank is initiatives. giving to [the issue of the environment and "There is a sense in the Committee development]. It must be stressed that that the Bank and the Fund have strength- safeguards for the environment, so vital ened cooperation in support of the poorest for sustained development, have to be nations. These organizations have now been considered within the broad context of asked to provide the Committee at its next economic growth and poverty alleviation. meeting with a review of further joint More work must be done in this area •••• " Th e Ba nk' s World, Vol. 6, NO.4. Pu blished mon thl y in Was hington , D.C .. by the Info rm ati o n and Pub lic Aff airs Depa rtment of The Wo rld Bank for all employees a nd retirees o f The World Bank/ Interna ti o na l Fin a nce Corporation, 1818 H St., N.W , Roo m 0-839, Washin gt on , D.C. 20433. Ellen Till ier, Ed it or; Leandro V. Co ronel , Associ a te Editor; Marjo ri e Messlt er a nd Jill Roessn er. Assistan t Edit ors; Mo ra llina George , Editori a l Assista nt ; Bill Frase r, Designer.