2020 2021 ANNUAL REPORT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF) Secretariat in the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank, led by Valery Ciancio, Program Manager, and under the leadership of Nabila Assaf, Manager of the World Bank Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group, prepared the 2020–2021 KTF Annual Report. Core team members include Suh Yoon Kang, Sarah Craig, Sara Agostini, Cynthia Delgadillo, and Zainiddin Karaev. The team is grateful to Sarah Elizabeth Antos, Patrick John Barron, Zacharey Austin Carmichael, Da Woon Chung, Sarah Cussen, Thomas Djurhuus, Sara Gustafsson, Kristen Himelein, Lindsey Paul Jones, Sachiko Kataoka, Nina Kolybashkina, Indira Konjhodzic, Siou Chew Kuek, Dong Kyu Kwak, Katie L. McWilliams, Bernhard Metz, Utz Johann Pape, Thomas Poulsen, Cordula Rastogi, William Hutchins Seitz, Mauro Testaverde, and Dorte Verner, who provided input and support. The KTF Secretariat extends its gratitude to the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea, the World Bank Group Executive Director’s Office for the Republic of Korea, and the World Bank Korea Office for continued support and collaboration to address fragility, conflict, and violence worldwide. The team also thanks the KTF grant teams, World Bank country offices, and counterparts in the client countries for their commitment to advancing innovative and conflict-sensitive programming around the world. Lastly, the KTF Secretariat would like to thank Stefan Emblad, former Acting Senior Director, and Soukeyna Kane, Director of the World Bank Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group, for their overall guidance, advice, and support. i ACRONYMS BARMM Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao CEN Country Engagement Notes CPF Country Partnership Frameworks CPGA Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis CRW ERF Crisis Response Window Early Response Financing FAM Famine Action Mechanism FCV Fragility, Conflict and Violence FCS Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations FSCPP Food Security Crisis Preparedness Plans GCRP Global Crisis Risk Platform GEMS Geo-Enabling initiative for Monitoring and Supervision IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICT Information and Communications Technology IDA International Development Association KDI Korea Development Institute KTF Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions LICs Low-Income Countries LX Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation (Korea) MBHTE Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education (Philippines) MDTF Multi-donor Trust Fund MICs Middle-Income Countries MOEF Ministry of Economy and Finance (Korea) PLR Performance and Learning Review RRA Risk and Resilience Assessment SCD Systematic Country Diagnostics SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SPF State and Peacebuilding Fund UN United Nations VIMS Violence Incident Monitoring Systems WB World Bank WBG World Bank Group ii FOREWORD With the continued spread of the coronavirus, we are going through one of the biggest challenges of our generation. Low-income countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) are bearing the brunt of the social and economic impacts of COVID-19. Meanwhile, climate change is further exacerbating the vulnerabilities in fragile and conflict-affected settings. Against this backdrop, the international community has demonstrated solidarity by stepping up efforts to help FCV countries recover from the crisis and address FCV risks. From the outset of the crisis, Korea has actively participated in these joint actions and strengthened its partnership with international organizations. Korea has ramped up support for vulnerable countries to provide short-term relief as well as hasten long-term recovery from the pandemic. Moreover, Korea has been sharing its experience of economic development through innovation and technology. As a key development partner of the World Bank Group, Korea increased its contribution in the recent IDA20 replenishment, which was advanced one year owing to the urgency of the pandemic response. Also, Korea has continued collaboration with the World Bank Group via multiple trust funds. The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peacebuilding Transitions (KTF), established in 2009 through an agreement between the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea and the World Bank, is an example of such efforts. Over the past decade, Korea has provided US$38.5 million through the KTF. This contribution has supported more than 70 interventions that focus on piloting innovative approaches, improving the monitoring of crisis risk for better prevention, and adopting FCV-sensitive strategies and operations. Moreover, this support has informed large WB lending operations, supported country dialogue, and increased government capacity in FCV settings. The KTF has also served as an important avenue for strengthening collaboration and partnership with Korean institutions. On behalf of the Korean government, I am pleased to present the 2020–2021 Annual Report. This report highlights some of the achievements witnessed, lessons learned, and partnerships built from July 2020 to June 2021. We look forward to our continued partnership with the World Bank in working towards addressing the impacts of FCV—one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Kwangchul Ji Director of Development Finance Division Ministry of Economy and Finance Government of the Republic of Korea iii FOREWORD Delivering sustainable development solutions to support countries affected by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV) is an institutional priority and global responsibility for the World Bank Group (WBG), and it is central to our mission to end extreme poverty by 2030. Even before COVID-19 struck, we estimated that up to two-thirds of the global extreme poor would live in fragile- and conflict-affected countries by 2030. Our latest estimates now show that an additional 20 million people in fragile- and conflict-affected settings will be pushed into extreme poverty, as these economies face their worst recession in five decades. The devastating impacts of COVID-19, combined with other shocks and long-term risks—such as climate change, natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, demographic shifts, and increasing inequalities—are weakening countries’ resilience and exacerbating FCV challenges. As FCV risks become more acute and complex, smart, efficient, and effective investment in FCV situations becomes an essential precursor to attainment of the WBG’s Twin Goals of reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The FCV Strategy (2020–2025), launched in February 2020, illustrates the centrality of the FCV agenda to the WBG’s work. In this context, the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF) is an important instrument to support the World Bank’s response in FCV-affected situations. Since its establishment in 2009, the KTF has helped to strengthen the World Bank’s ability to respond to the challenges facing countries impacted by FCV and engage more effectively with our partners across the international community. In particular, the KTF has proven crucial to improving the monitoring of crisis risks, strengthening preventative approaches, and piloting innovative ways to address FCV challenges, especially in the Asia and Pacific region. This year’s report presents key results achieved through the KTF between July 2020 and June 2021. During the reporting period, the KTF added nine grants to the portfolio. Given the continued need related to COVID-19 and its impacts, the new grants included an overarching focus on responding to the challenges of the pandemic in FCV contexts. For example, the KTF supported a global study on welfare impacts of COVID, a high frequency phone survey to monitor the socioeconomic effects of the rapidly evolving pandemic in real time in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and capacity building on the use of geospatial information and ICT tools for epidemiological investigation and monitoring in India and Pakistan. Moreover, this year the KTF was extended by another year based on the ongoing need and demand for support provided by the fund. Three additional grants were approved by the Korean Ministry of Economy and Finance in December 2021. Korea has been a key development partner of the World Bank. Korea’s contribution to IDA, and collaboration through trust funds have been essential to supporting the implementation of the FCV Strategy to address drivers of fragility, effectively responding to the diverse FCV risks that threaten development progress, and piloting innovative solutions to strengthen resilience and build peace and prosperity. I look forward to our continued collaboration with Korea on this important agenda. Soukeyna Kane Director, Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group World Bank iv KTF AT A GLANCE THE KOREA TRUST FUND FOR ECONOMIC AND PEACEBUILDING TRANSITIONS (KTF) was established in 2009 through an agreement between the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Korea and the World Bank. The goal of the KTF is to promote a risk-based development approach to address the challenges of fragility, conflict and violence (FCV), especially in Asia and the Pacific. The fund value is US$38.7 million, and the KTF has supported 75 grants in all geographical regions classified by the World Bank. The KTF focuses on three priority areas: (i) Operational Support for Conflict- Sensitive Strategies and Operations; (ii) Innovative Engagements for Development in FCV; and (iii) Management of Crisis Risk. The KTF is housed in the Bank’s Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) Group. The KTF Secretariat oversees the Fund’s day-to-day management and project portfolio. The KTF Secretariat works closely with Country Offices, Global Practices, and other trust funds to support innovation and leverage knowledge and best practices gained through KTF projects to inform the World Bank’s strategy and approaches in FCV settings. It also leads partnership building with relevant Korean institutions and experts. KTF PRIORITY AREAS 1 Operational Support for Conflict-Sensitive Strategies and Operations Provide operational support to country and/or sector teams for mainstreaming FCV- sensitivity in World Bank strategies and operations. This includes: (i) ensuring that country strategies and operations are informed by in-depth risks and resilience assessments, and that World Bank interventions follow the principles of “do-no- harm” as well as “do good”; (ii) innovations and pilot operations to address FCV risks; and (iii) just-in-time support in response to complex emergencies. 2 Innovative Engagements for Development in FCV Strengthen knowledge and innovative engagements for development in FCV, and facilitate knowledge exchanges between World Bank, FCV clients, and Korean institutions on addressing multi-dimensional risks. 3 Management of Crisis Risk Address multidimensional crisis risks through stronger collaboration and complementarity across humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding actors to encompass political, security, human rights, economic and social dimensions. v KTF GLOBAL PRESENCE 7 47 75 53 22 $30.9 million regions and countries grants grants grants in cumulative global-level targeted reached funded completed active disbursements GLOBAL EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA $5,658,478 committed $2,923,923 committed 16% of total commitments 8% of total commitments 19 grants 8 grants SOUTH ASIA $2,344,259 committed 7% of total commitments 5 grants MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA $449,548 committed 1% of total commitments 1 grant EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC $17,964,899 committed 52% of total commitments 28 grants WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA $2,495,010 committed 7% of total commitments 7 grants EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA $2,155,923 committed 6% of total commitments 5 grants LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $823,182 committed 2% of total commitments 2 grants FUND VALUE $38.7 96% 80% *Data as of June 30, 2021 million committed disbursed vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments i Abbreviations & Acronyms ii Forewords iii KTF at a Glance v SECTION 1. ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF FRAGILITY, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE 1 Global Landscape 1 The World Bank’s Response 2 KTF Contribution to Supporting the FCV Agenda 4 KTF in Action: Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands 8 SECTION 2. PROGRAM IMPACT 11 Highlights of the KTF Phase One Results 11 Progress in KTF Phase Two Areas of Engagement 14 KTF’s Catalytic Effect 17 KTF in Action: Developing Conflict Resolution, Socio-Emotional Skills and Literacy in the BARMM Region of the Philippines 22 SECTION 3. PROGRAM STATUS AND OVERVIEW 25 Active Portfolio Structure and Status 25 Geographic Coverage 25 Country Eligibility and Thematic Areas 28 Governance, Administration, and Results Monitoring 29 KTF in Action: Strengthening Anticipatory and Early Action to Prevent Emerging Food Security Crises 30 SECTION 4. PARTNERSHIPS AND KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE 33 ANNEXES 39 Annex 1. Financial Highlights 39 Annex 2. Active Grants as of June 30, 2021 42 Annex 3. Closed Grants as of June 30, 2021 47 Annex 4. Phase One Results Framework 57 Annex 5. Phase Two Results Framework 58 Annex 6. List of Partnership Activities Implemented in Phase One and Phase Two 59 SECTION ONE 12 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF FRAGILITY, CONFLICT, AND VIOLENCE years (figure 1). According to the World Bank’s GLOBAL LANDSCAPE Global Economic Prospects, by 2022, GDP in Fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) continue countries affected by FCV is expected to be to present a critical development challenge 8.3 percent below pre-pandemic projections.2 that threatens efforts to end extreme poverty in The pandemic has widened inequalities and both low-and middle-income countries. Violent exposed structural vulnerabilities not just in conflict has spiked dramatically since 2010, already fragile contexts, but also in places not and crises are becoming more complex and previously considered to be fragile. interconnected. Globally, levels of social unrest are increasing, gender-based violence is rising, and the risks of violence and conflict are intensifying. The complexity increases if a country experiences multiple shocks such as pandemics, natural disasters, debt distress and food crises. These shocks and long-terms risks weaken countries’ resilience and thereby exacerbate FCV challenges. Moreover, while there had been a common assumption that poorer countries are more prone to FCV than middle-income countries, data shows that middle-income countries in every region are affected by conflict and violence, and there has been more death from political violence and homicides in middle-income countries than low-income ones. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has further weakened countries’ resilience and heightened existing vulnerabilities. The pandemic is not only adding pressure to already-weak health, education and social protection systems, but some fragile and conflict-affected countries have also had to contend with floods, droughts, locust infestations, and rising insecurity. Prior to the onset of COVID-19, it was estimated that by 2030 up to two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor would live in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS).1 In 2020, COVID-19 and its socioeconomic impacts pushed an additional 20 million people in FCS into poverty. After decades of steady decline, global extreme poverty rose in 2020 for the first time in over 20 Photo Credit: World Bank 1  list of countries with fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS) is released annually by the World Bank Group. The A classification and list of FCS countries are available here: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/ harmonized-list-of-fragile-situations 2 Global Economic Prospects, June 2021. Washington, DC: World Bank SECTION ONE 1 Figure 1. Annual change in the number of extreme poor (in million), 1992 – 20203 Source: Lakner et al. (2020) (updated), PovcalNet, Global Economic Prospects Note: Projections for year 2018-2021 are based on updated estimates of Lakner et al. (2020). For 2020, green bar represents number of people who were expected to move out of extreme poverty had the COVID-19 pandemic not happened. Purple and orange bar combined represent the “new poor” induced by COVID-19. The increased volume of funding going to IDA THE WORLD BANK’S countries on the World Bank’s list of Fragile and RESPONSE Conflict- Affected Situations (FCS) in recent years Fragility, conflict, and violence continue to be at has enabled broader and deeper engagement in the forefront of the World Bank Group’s agenda, FCV, including on crisis response. The share of and central to its mission to end extreme poverty IDA commitments going to countries facing by 2030. In February 2020, the World Bank FCV challenges has increased fivefold since Group (WBG) launched its first Strategy for IDA16, amounting to more than 39 percent Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (2020–2025). of total IDA resources as of June 30, 2021. Since then, the WBG has been delivering The IDA19 FCV Envelope allocations have on its promise to enhance the effectiveness contributed to this and enable IDA to respond of development work in both low-income with greater agility and tailored support countries (LICs) and middle-income countries in eligible countries. The Prevention and (MICs) facing diverse FCV challenges. (See Resilience Allocation, Remaining Engaged Table 1 below for an overview of the Pillars of during Conflict Allocation, and Turn Around Engagement outlined in the FCV Strategy). Allocation correspond to the first three pillars 3  akner, Yonzan, Mahler, Aguilar, and Wu (2021). “Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty: L Looking back at 2020 and the outlook for 2021”. Jan 11, 2021. Data Blog. World Bank. 2 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Table 1. World Bank Group’s FCV Pillars of Engagement Pillars Operational focus Addressing FCV drivers early, including immediate- to long-term risks such as climate change, demographic shocks, gender inequality, Preventing violent conflict and patterns of discrimination, economic and social interpersonal violence exclusion, perceptions of injustice; strengthening sources of resilience and peace before tensions turn into crises Preserving hard-won development gains, protecting Remaining engaged during essential institutions, delivering critical services, conflict and crisis situation building resilience, being ready for recovery Promoting approaches that can renew the social Helping countries transition contract between citizen and state, fostering a out of fragility healthy local private sector, strengthening the legitimacy and capacity of core institutions Supporting countries and the most vulnerable and marginalized communities affected by cross-border Mitigating spillovers of FCV crises, such as forced displacement and shocks resulting from famine, pandemics, and climate and environmental challenges of the FCV Strategy. Complementing the FCV governance institutions; and (iv) scale regional envelope, the Window for Host Communities programming to address transboundary drivers and Refugees supports pillar 4 of the FCV of FCV. The IDA20 replenishment concluded Strategy. FCV policy commitments under IDA19 in December 2021 with a policy and financial have further strengthened the World Bank’s package amounting to US$93 billion to engagement in FCV. For example, these policy support 74 of the poorest countries between commitments ensure that Country Partnership July 2022 and June 2025. Frameworks, Country Engagement Notes, and Performance and Learning Reviews are: Trust Fund resources have been an important informed by Risk and Resilience Assessments complement to IDA and IBRD resources to further or other FCV assessments (policy commitment the World Bank’s engagement in FCV and to 1); help to develop regional programs to better operationalize the FCV Strategy. Trust funds consider the cross-border nature of fragility have proven critical for the Bank’s engagement and conflict (policy commitment 2); and in conflict- and disaster-related crises, and enhance the World Bank’s footprint in FCV- have supported collective action with donors affected situations through increased staffing in countries impacted by FCV. In FY21, the in FCS locations (policy commitment 6). State and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF), the World Bank’s largest global multi-donor trust Drawing on the lessons learned during IDA19, fund with a dedicated focus on FCV, adjusted IDA20 will: (i) further operationalize the FCV its program objectives to align fully with the Strategy through better tailored and FCV- FCV Strategy pillars and approach at the sensitive country engagement, including country, regional, and global levels. The new through crisis preparedness; (ii) leverage SPF was established via World Bank Board outcomes for refugee and host communities resolution on June 22, 2021 and launched in through policy progress; (iii) strengthen core January 2022. SECTION ONE 3 Photo Credit: World Bank  he Geo-Enabling initiative for Monitoring •T KTF CONTRIBUTION and Supervision (GEMS), initially supported TO SUPPORTING THE by the KTF, was launched to boost FCV AGENDA monitoring and evaluation and real-time KTF has provided critical support for the risk management in FCV settings. GEMS World Bank’s work to tackle FCV, helping to has supported project implementation, pilot, capture and share global development citizen engagement, and risk management knowledge and advance key partnerships. Since in countries facing FCV around the world. its establishment in 2009 (Phase One) and To date, GEMS has been implemented renewed commitment in 2017 (Phase Two) with over 700 projects in more than 85 through an agreement between the Ministry countries, almost all of which are FCS of Economy and Finance of Republic of Korea countries. GEMS is included in the policy and the World Bank, Korea has contributed commitments of IDA19 (policy commitment US$38.5 million to the KTF in support of 75 5) and is a dedicated implementation projects across all regions. measure of the FCV Strategy. Moreover, since the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, The KTF has proven to be an important funding GEMS has been a central supervision source for addressing FCV at the country, solution for the World Bank’s COVID-19 regional, and global levels. KTF supported Strategic Preparedness and work across many of the countries on the Response Program. WBG’s harmonized list of FCS. Out of the 39 countries, the KTF has provided support to  he Global Crisis Risk Platform (GCRP), •T 23 countries to date (see table 2). Moreover, set up in 2018 and supported by the KTF, with a strong geographical focus on Asia and continues to enhance the Bank’s support to the Pacific, middle-income countries with clients facing complex and interconnected subnational violence such as the Philippines crisis risks and to build capacity for and Thailand have benefited from steady preparedness. The GCRP focuses on the support from the KTF. Under Phase One, the interaction of various risks, including macro- KTF supported regional projects focused on a financial shocks, natural hazards, conflict range of FCV issues such as land disputes and and violence, food insecurity, and health displacement, citizen engagement, limited risks, and seeks to promote risk-informed institutional capacity to comply with social investments in crisis prevention and and environment safeguards, and the absence preparedness and strengthen institutional of reliable data on employment. The KTF capacity for early response, especially where also contributed to several global initiatives. a combination of shocks amplifies impacts Examples of such support include: or spills across borders. The GCRP work on these issues informs Bank operations in FCV countries and serves to identify entry points for strengthening preparedness. 4 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Table 2. FY21 List of Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations High-Intensity Conflict Medium-Intensity Conflict High Institutional and Social Fragility Non-Small States Afghanistan Burkina Faso Burundi Libya Cameroon Congo, Rep. Somalia Central African Republic Eritrea Syrian Arab Republic Chad Gambia, The Congo, Dem. Rep. Guinea-Bissau Iraq Haiti Mali Kosovo Mozambique Lao PDR Myanmar Lebanon Niger Liberia Nigeria Papua New Guinea South Sudan Sudan Yemen, Rep. Venezuela, RB West Bank and Gaza (territory) Zimbabwe Small States Comoros Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tuvalu Note: KTF logo indicates countries that have received KTF support. The KTF’s areas of focus are aligned with the Given the urgent need posed by the COVID-19 World Bank’s priorities for FCV and the WBG pandemic, grants approved under Phase Two FCV Strategy. Building on the successes and during this fiscal year focus on responding to lessons learned from Phase One (see section the challenges of the pandemic in FCV contexts. two for more details), in 2017, the Republic This overarching priority aligns with and of Korea and the World Bank entered into a complements the three areas of engagement. 3-year partnership with a renewed commitment The new grants this year (see table 3) represent (Phase Two). The goal of Phase Two is to four regions (East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, promote a risk-based development approach to Europe and Central Asia, and Eastern and address the challenges of fragility, conflict and Southern Africa) as well as global activities. violence, especially in Asia and the Pacific. They cover various types of FCV contexts, with The three priority areas of Phase Two are: (i) a strong emphasis on supporting COVID-19 Operational Support for Conflict-Sensitive response and innovative use of technology. Strategies and Operations; (ii) Innovative Engagements for Development in FCV; and (iii) Management of Crisis Risk. SECTION ONE 5 Table 3. Recent Grants Approved Under Phase Two Grants Amount Myanmar: Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity during COVID $500,000 Papua New Guinea: Responding to Triple Crises $400,000 Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID $485,000 Philippines: ICT for Land Operations $380,000 South Sudan: Reducing Hunger Risk $500,000 Ukraine: Peacebuilding and Reintegration in Eastern Ukraine $450,000 India and Pakistan: Inclusion and Conflict Sensitivity during COVID $480,000 Global: GEMS for COVID Response $480,000 Global: Welfare Impacts of COVID $420,000 All dollar amounts are U.S. dollars. During this fiscal year, the KTF support has allowed the Bank’s country management helped the Bank to stay engaged during ongoing unit and task teams to be informed of the crisis situations. For example, in Myanmar situation as it unfolds. Grants are supporting all operational lending projects were paused ongoing monitoring of conflict and violence following the February 2021 coup. The in the country, advisory support to country situation in Myanmar is dynamic and complex management, and analyses of the evolving with multiple groups asserting administrative political economy and community responses to authority. In this context, KTF grants have the coup and COVID-19. 6 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 SECTION Photo Credit: ONE Allison 7 Kwesell / World Bank KTF IN ACTION Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands Globally, incidents of conflict and violence have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under a global slowdown in economic activity, the bottom 40 percent of households, particularly in fragile settings, were disproportionately affected, with downward pressure on their purchasing power, fewer opportunities to earn, and an overall decline in remittances. Due to the health emergency lockdown measures enacted by governments to mitigate the spread of the virus, many have returned from urban centers to their home provinces, putting a strain on local resources. In Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, the socioeconomic impacts of these measures are compounded by geographic dispersion and isolation, weak institutions, and unequal access to services for vulnerable populations. These two countries are also the most data-poor in the Pacific region, severely limiting the information available to inform response efforts to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic. USING ICT-BASED SOLUTIONS TO FILL INFORMATION GAPS IN DATA-POOR COUNTRIES In this context, a KTF grant is supporting the collection of high frequency survey data via mobile phones in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands to monitor the socioeconomic effects of the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic in real time, and to help inform evidence-based policies by filling critical knowledge gaps. In addition, the grant has provided seed funding for mobility and poverty analysis using call detail records from a large mobile phone provider. These technologies were key to measuring the impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands because of a lack of timely information from traditional data sources. This support is also aligned with the World Bank’s global initiative to monitor response to COVID-19 in over 100 countries, using high frequency phone surveys because of travel restrictions and social distancing measures, which severely limit face-to-face data Papua New Guinea High Frequency collection methods. Phone Survey on COVID-19 The grant has supported six rounds of mobile phone data collection (three in Papua New Guinea and three in the Solomon Islands). These build on the first rounds of data collection completed in June 2020. The surveys measure the continued socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on livelihoods, food security, and public safety and security. As some perspectives are harder to gather because mobile phone surveys tend to under-represent women, the elderly, and people from rural areas, statistical weights amplified those voices to generate results reflecting the entire population. The datasets are archived on World Bank internal servers as well as the Pacific Data Hub maintained by the Pacific Community. The findings of the surveys were also shared externally on various communication platforms. 8 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 LEVERAGING PARTNERSHIPS WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS The grant also provided a platform for close collaboration with other development partners. Multiple regional stakeholders, including national governments, the Pacific Community, ILO, FAO, and bilateral development partners, provided inputs into questionnaire design. In addition, UNICEF conducted two rounds of data collection on the subsample of households with children under age 18 in each country, with joint reports being produced on the findings. Such collaboration enabled increased efficiency and minimized duplication of efforts among development partners. Photo Credit: Alison Ofotalau / World Bank INFORMING PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES While the grant is still ongoing, the surveys completed to date played an important role in filling knowledge gaps on the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. In Papua New Guinea, the survey informed a high-level Cabinet strategy paper on COVID-19 response.4 In the Solomon Islands, the survey helped to measure the reach and efficacy of the Emergency Stimulus Package. In addition, the survey helped to provide just-in-time information on relief efforts to development partners. Most recently, findings from the third- round survey in Papua New Guinea were used to better understand vaccine hesitancy and how to increase uptake, a potentially life-saving outcome for the population in the midst of a severe outbreak. Furthermore, the results generated by the KTF grant served as a “proof of concept” for a three-year US$6 million multisectoral project, the Pacific Observatory, funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, which aims to improve welfare for the poor and vulnerable in Papua New Guinea and Pacific Island countries by expanding socioeconomic information for data-driven policymaking. This highlights the relevance and impact of the grant activities in informing the planning and decision-making processes of the Papua New Guinea and Solomon Island Governments and development partners. 4 T  his high level strategy document was co-written by UNDP and WB with advice to the Prime Minister and his Cabinet on actions to take in response to the outbreak. SECTION ONE 9 SECTION TWO PROGRAM IMPACT In FY21, the KTF continued to contribute to tangible results at the country, regional, and global levels through supporting pilots and innovation, expanding the Bank’s global knowledge and learning on FCV, and facilitating partnerships. The KTF has proven to be an invaluable partner in supporting countries facing FCV challenges regardless of geography and income level. The KTF has financed the full spectrum of country services, from the promotion of conflict-sensitive strategies, to the provision of technical assistance, to the dissemination of knowledge and learning. Moreover, FY21 also marks the last year of operation of the KTF Phase One. This section begins with a snapshot of KTF Phase One results. This is followed by examples of Phase Two grants and their impacts on the KTF focus areas, World Bank operations, and clients’ policymaking processes. HIGHLIGHTS OF KTF PHASE ONE Phase One of the KTF, which was established to address the needs of state and local governance and peacebuilding in conflict-prone and conflict-affected situations, closed on August 31, 2021. Fifty-one grants had been supported under Phase One since the Fund’s launch in 2009. These include grants at the country, regional, and global levels. Countries in East Asia and the Pacific, such as Myanmar, Thailand and the Philippines, were the largest recipients of financing under Phase One. Through Phase One, the KTF supported innovative, timely, and conflict-sensitive development interventions across all regions. Moreover, the KTF also contributed to World Bank global studies and initiatives such as the UN-WB flagship report on Pathways for Peace, and the first-ever WBG FCV Strategy. The achievements and lessons learned from Phase One played an important role not only in informing Phase Two, but also in deepening the Bank’s understanding of FCV and refining its approach accordingly. Key results under KTF Phase One include: Advancing the World Bank’s knowledge on violence monitoring systems Developing effective policies to prevent and The KTF has supported the development respond to varied forms of violence requires data and implementation of VIMS in Indonesia, on incidents of violence including their nature, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand. The location and relationship to other development KTF also supported a grant focused on regional challenges. Without adequate knowledge of knowledge exchange of VIMS experiences. The local circumstances, development assistance knowledge exchange consolidated lessons can and has made conflict worse despite the learned from the various country experiences best of intentions. Violence incident monitoring to initiate cross-regional learning and promote systems (VIMS) track real-time violence as it broader adoption of violence monitoring occurs. Unlike global conflict datasets, they instruments. Work funded by the KTF has use national sources of information, including continued to inform the development of networks of people on the ground and news VIMS and conflict risk monitoring in a number sources in local languages. These systems of countries. provide information that can help World Bank task teams and management calibrate projects and strategies to respond more effectively in addressing the impacts of FCV. SECTION TWO 11 Participants at the Cross-Regional Violence Monitoring Exchange Seminar, June 1-2, 2016. In Myanmar, KTF support to the Myanmar KTF grants that supported VIMS include: Institute for Peace and Security has enabled Indonesia National Violence the development of a nationwide conflict and Monitoring System violence monitoring system that provided real- time information on incidents following the Bangsamoro Conflict February 2021 coup. In Thailand, KTF support Monitoring System to Deep South Watch provided the basis for a conflict monitoring system, which is now Supporting Inclusive Peace in the financed by New Zealand. In the Philippines, Bangsamoro KTF support to the Conflict Alert system for the Bangsamoro provided seed funding for Regional Violence Monitoring the development of a system used by the Knowledge Exchange Philippines government and others to track violent incidents following the signing of the peace accord. In Nepal, other World Bank financing is supporting the roll out of a violence monitoring system. Piloting approaches for strengthened citizen engagement Lessons from development and humanitarian a number of projects piloting approaches work in FCV-affected situations highlight that to strengthen citizen engagement. For exclusion, inequalities, and perceptions of example, KTF support in the Kyrgyz Republic injustice can drive fragility. Citizen engagement enhanced understanding of grievance redress can play an important role in ensuring that mechanisms through development of a citizen development work not only follows the engagement country roadmap, improved principle of ‘do no harm’ but also contributes to design of citizen engagement in investment strengthening existing peace and statebuilding financing operations, and the development of efforts, by enhancing communication to avoid tools for citizen engagement in the education frustration with programs that are perceived as and energy sectors. unfair or discriminatory. The KTF has supported 12 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 KTF grants that supported citizen engagement include: Middle East and North Africa Citizen Engagement Community Monitoring and Strengthening Citizen Engagement Capacities of Social Intermediaries in Mali and Niger Liberia: Citizen Engagement for Fair, Equitable and Durable Land and Natural Resources Management Kyrgyz Republic & Tajikistan: Citizen Engagement for Better State-Society Relations Thailand: Expanding Community Approaches in Conflict Situations Palestinian Ministry of Local Government representative Thailand: Strengthening Raed Sharabati at the World Bank Conference on Mainstreaming Citizen Engagement in FCV Countries Confidence-Building Measures in MENA, November 2017. in Subnational Conflict Contributing to the World Bank’s support for peace processes The World Bank engages in peace processes KTF grants that supported peace within its mandate, such as through analytics, processes include: its convening power, as well as partnerships C  olombia: Peace Process with political and security actors as appropriate. Implementation Support KTF grants have played an important role in supporting the peace processes in Colombia, Support to the Myanmar Myanmar, and the Philippines by providing Peace Process relevant technical support and generating evidence that improved the decision-making Supporting Inclusive Peace of relevant stakeholders. KTF support helped in the Bangsamoro establish mechanisms to improve donor Summaries of the results achieved under the coordination, increase the conflict-sensitivity grants listed above are available in Annex 3. of World Bank engagement, and facilitate technical and policy dialogue. For example, in the Philippines, a KTF grant provided analytical and advisory support to build legitimate institutions in conflict-affected areas of the country. The KTF supported the development of the draft Bangsamoro Basic Law, which was crucial for implementing the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, and the Bangsamoro Development Plan, which informed government budgeting and donor financing for conflict-affected Mindanao. These engagements have promoted the World Bank’s role as a trusted knowledge broker in peace and development. SECTION TWO 13 PROGRESS IN KTF PHASE TWO AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT The three KTF areas of engagement under Phase Two are aligned with priorities set under the WBG FCV Strategy 2020–2025. KTF grants under Phase Two provide operational support for conflict-sensitive strategies and operations; pilot innovative approaches, including the use of ICT in World Bank projects to prevent and respond to risks in FCV settings; and support the management of crisis risks. KTF grants also support the documentation and sharing of innovative approaches through funding for knowledge exchange events and new knowledge platforms. The examples below highlight KTF support according to area of engagement and how they help achieve area of engagement objectives. Operational support for conflict -sensitive strategies and operations This area of engagement supports World Bank DEVELOPING APPROACHES FOR CONFLICT AND country and sector teams to mainstream FRAGILITY IN MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES conflict sensitivity to FCV in Bank activities. Ongoing, US$500,000 This includes: (i) ensuring that country This grant builds deeper knowledge of the strategies and operations are informed by nature of FCV in MICs, yielding a better in-depth risks and resilience assessments, understanding of what works to promote peace and that World Bank interventions follow and more effective approaches for the World the principles of “do-no-harm” and also “do Bank and others. Given that most conflicts do good”; (ii) innovations and pilot operations to not occur in the poorest countries but rather address FCV risks; and (iii) just-in-time support in MICs, the grant is contributing to building for complex emergencies. Examples of grants a comprehensive understanding of the nature under this area of engagement include: and drivers of multiple types of FCV in MICs and contributing to the development of a SUPPORTING PEACEFUL TRANSITIONS IN conflict-sensitive toolkit by providing solid MYANMAR guidance to shape strategies, approaches, and Ongoing, US$700,000 designs to prevent and address FCV in MICs. Before the February 2021 coup, this grant supported the country’s transitions by increasing World Bank country and task teams’ knowledge of conflict dynamics and improving operational responses through analytical work, advisory services, and technical support. One example of support for conflict-sensitive strategies and operations is the development and implementation of the Inclusion and Peace Lens—a tool that guides task teams to take account of FCV sensitivity during project design and implementation. This grant supported the application of the Inclusion and Peace Lens in 18 World Bank lending operations across the portfolio to enhance their conflict-sensitivity. 14 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Photo Credit: Ray Witlin / World Bank Innovative Engagements for Development in FCV Activities under this area of engagement with the public about the pandemic and strengthen knowledge, harness innovative encourage vaccination. The system facilitated solutions, and facilitate knowledge exchanges the vaccination of more than 10 million people between the World Bank, FCV client countries in Uzbekistan, and has been instrumental for and stakeholders, and Korean institutions to informing the public and health care workers address multidimensional risks. Innovative in Tajikistan. ICT-based solutions to strengthen and facilitate World Bank operations, partnerships, and UKRAINE: PEACEBUILDING AND REINTEGRATION knowledge exchanges are an integral part of IN EASTERN UKRAINE this area of engagement. Examples of support Ongoing, US$450,000 under this area of engagement include: This grant is developing a “Data Portal on Peacebuilding, Recovery and Reintegration” TAJIKISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN: MOBILE ENGAGE as a tool for stakeholder coordination and Ongoing, US$375,000 citizen engagement to increase effectiveness This grant developed a system of data collection of recovery interventions in Eastern Ukraine, and dissemination based on text messages to including on COVID-19-related impacts improve health service delivery and provide and response efforts. This online portal is mechanisms for citizen engagement in being piloted as a platform for community Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. In the context engagement to strengthen local participation, of the COVID-19 pandemic, the project accountability and engagement mechanisms developed tailored SMS messaging systems for local governments and communities. for Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to communicate SECTION TWO 15 Management of Crisis Risk This area of engagement supports alignment of findings to develop a road map for strengthening country and global FCV engagements to prevent crisis preparedness in the country. The findings and prepare for crisis risk across sectors and of the assessment in Lao PDR will inform the locations. In coordination with the World new Country Partnership Framework. Under Bank and other international development IDA20, the Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis and crisis management communities, the KTF will be one of the diagnostic tools to inform supports the design and development of crisis Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and management tools and promotes their effective Country Partnership Frameworks (CPFs). application. This area of engagement addresses multidimensional crisis risk through stronger WATER-SAVING, CLIMATE-SMART FRONTIER collaboration and complementarity between AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FCV-AFFECTED humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding POPULATIONS AND COUNTRIES IN AFRICA actors. Key considerations include political, Ongoing, US$500,000 security, human rights, economic, and social Food insecurity causes multidimensional dimensions. Examples of support under this risks affecting health, social and human area of engagement include: development, and livelihoods and income generation. This grant addresses these risks GCRP - MEASURING CRISIS PREPAREDNESS AND through data collection and analysis on insect SHARING KNOWLEDGE ON CRISIS and hydroponic farming as possible solutions to RISK MANAGEMENT climate and food and nutrition security crises. Ongoing, US$250,000 The grant also addresses the risk of potential The GCRP supports innovation in the analysis reductions in food distribution and encourages of compound risks, foundational knowledge increased consumption of nutritious vegetables management, and learning activities. The work that are currently not distributed because they financed by the grant is informing the World are highly perishable. The work financed by Bank’s programming related to strengthening this grant contributed to the production of a crisis preparedness at the country level. So World Bank report, Insects and Hydroponics in far, the methodology for analyzing gaps in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy. The crisis preparedness (Crisis Preparedness Gap report is the World Bank’s first attempt to look Analysis, CPGA) has been tested in Malawi at insect and hydroponic farming as possible and Lao PDR. In Malawi, the Bank Country solutions to climate and food and nutrition Management Unit will use the assessment’s security crises. 16 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 analytical support, local capacity building KTF’S CATALYTIC EFFECT and dialogue, and knowledge dissemination. The KTF has catalyzed the World Bank’s work At the implementation stage, KTF grants in FCV contexts by providing inputs to Bank increase project effectiveness in FCV contexts lending operations and informing FCV-sensitive by piloting conflict-sensitive approaches and policies in client countries. innovative solutions. Links with World Bank lending The link between KTF grants and World Bank operations lending operations is strong. Cumulatively, KTF KTF grants play an important role in informing grants with commitments of US$6.8 million ongoing and planned World Bank lending have informed World Bank operations totaling operations throughout all phases of the project almost US$4.4 billion. Sixty-three percent of cycle. Three stages of effect can be identified grants under Phase Two have a direct linkage (Figure 2). At the strategic stage, KTF grants to a lending operation, indicating the critical contribute to the adoption of FCV-sensitive effect of KTF (Box 1). Several KTF grants institutional policies, foster innovative demonstrate the significant impact of the KTF approaches and instruments, and generate in informing World Bank lending operations, evidence-based knowledge for addressing supporting country dialogue, and increasing FCV. At the project preparation stage, the KTF government capacity in FCV settings (table 4). affects new operations through diagnostic and Figure 2. Impact of KTF Grants on World Bank Group Lending Operations Strategic Stage Inform policy dialogue and influence World Bank Group operations at the strategic level in contexts of fragility, conflict, and violence Preparation Stage Inform preparation of investment operations by providing analytical support or knowledge dissemination Implementation Stage Support project implementation and efficiency by piloting conflict-sensitive approaches and innovative solutions SECTION TWO 17 Box 1. KTF Grants Informing World Bank Group Operations 63% of grants under phase 2 of the KTF have direct linkage to a lending operation Table 4. Examples of active KTF grant’s linkage with WB lending operations KTF Grant Linkage with World Bank lending operations GEMS for The GEMS initiative has supported dozens of projects in their COVID Response COVID-19 response. Some examples include: Cameroon COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Project; Kenya COVID-19 Emergency Health Response Project; COVID Relief Effort for Afghan Communities and Households Project; Philippines Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Project; Yemen Emergency Lifeline Connectivity Project; and Kyrgyz Republic Emergency COVID-19 Project. Tajikistan and This grant directly complements emergency health and vaccination Uzbekistan: projects in both Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by supporting Mobile Engage implementation of the vaccination and COVID-19 health response under each project. The s grant is also intended to support broader World Bank project implementation, including the Tajikistan Health Services Improvement Project and the Early Childhood Development Projects in Tajikistan. ICT for Land Operations This grant feeds into the Support to Parcelization of Lands for in the Philippines Individual Titling (SPLIT) Project by supporting the use of drones and smart phones to accelerate agriculture land titling in the Philippines’ Mindanao Region. Geospatial Response This grant contributes to Punjab Urban Land Systems Enhancement to COVID in India and Project currently under preparation by designing the geospatial Pakistan platform and analyzing the locational formation of informal settlements as part of project preparation. 18 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Support for informing client policies Within the broader context of World Bank lending operations, many KTF grants have informed government policies and strategic approaches to addressing FCV challenges (table 5). The KTF provides technical assistance and the facilitation of policy dialogue to serve as mechanisms conducive to FCV-sensitive policies. Table 5. Examples of KTF grants’ impact on FCV policymaking KTF Grants Influence on client policies Mobile Phone Survey in The grant collected data that was key to informing government Papua New Guinea and policy for COVID-19 mitigation measures – both by the Solomon Islands government and by development partners. Key outputs include contribution to a Cabinet paper in Papua New Guinea and providing feedback on the reach and efficacy of the Emergency Stimulus Package in the Solomon Islands. ICT for Land Operations This grant is influencing policies on the use of drones for in the Philippines surveying land. Currently, drones require a ‘test-bed’ accuracy certification from the Department of Environment and National Resources. This grant is informing reforms to the drone policy, making this certification process more feasible. Developing Conflict Resolution, The grant activities are influencing professional develop- Socio-Emotional Skills, ment for teachers in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Literacy and Numeracy Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The Ministry of Basic, Higher and of Elementary Graders in Technical Education (MBHTE) has requested the scale-up of the BARMM region of the the pilot coaching module for teachers developed through Philippines this grant. Tajikistan: Enabling Trade in a In October 2021 a dialogue started with the government Challenging Environment of Tajikistan on the preparation of a Development Policy Operation (budget support). The analytical work supported through the KTF grant is informing the development of this operation. SECTION TWO 19 Box 2. KTF Knowledge Products and External Communications The results achieved through the KTF grants have been highlighted in World Bank blogs and reports and other communication platforms, including client country media. Examples include: World Bank blogs:  blog by Axel Van Trotsenburg, World Bank Managing Director of Operations, •A referencing GEMS with regard to IDA’s support to FCV-affected countries IDA: Securing a more resilient future in fragile and conflict-affected settings (September 10, 2020)  blog by Valery Ciancio, KTF Program Manager, highlighting the 10-year partnership •A between Korea and the World Bank through the KTF Korea and the World Bank mark 10-year partnership helping fragile countries transition from conflict to peace (Jan 7, 2021)  blog by Elma Zahir, Wesley de Witt, Eun Joo Allison Yi, and Christian Berger on the •A application of GEMS in the Livestock & Dairy Development project in Bangladesh Geo-tagging, mobile cash transfers come together to help farmers in Bangladesh (Mar 23, 2021)  blog by Keith Garrett, Manager in the World Bank’s Data Group, on the use of ICT in a •A post-COVID-19 World Adapting Project Monitoring and Supervision through Innovation in a Post-Covid 19 World (December 6, 2021) External Media:  he World Bank and Korea Rural Development Association collaboration has received •T consistent media coverage, including in an article in Korea’s leading economic daily.  edia coverage highlighted the findings of World Bank report on Insects and Hydroponics •M in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy supported by the KTF  EMS has been featured in dozens of client media and communications platforms, •G including: Philippines Rural Development Project (PRDP) video on remote monitoring & PRDP Newsletter and the Mali Economic & Environmental Rehabilitation of Niger River Project video on citizen engagement. GEMS and its role in the COVID-19 response was highlighted by the United Nations Innovation Network as one of the best UN Innovations in 2020.  edia coverage highlighted the findings of the High Frequency Phone Surveys in Papua •M New Guinea supported by the KTF 20 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Box 2. KTF Knowledge Products and External Communications (cont.) World Bank Reports:  World Bank report on Insects and Hydroponics in Africa: The New •A Circular Food Economy. The report is the Bank’s first attempt to look at insect and hydroponic farming as possible solutions to climate and food and nutrition security crises.  joint World Bank and UNICEF report on Papua New Guinea High •A Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19. The report presents the findings from two mobile phone surveys conducted in December 2020 and January 2021.  World Bank Working Paper on Mass Messaging and Health Risk •A Reduction Evidence from COVID-19 Text Messages in Tajikistan. The paper assesses the positive impact of the tailored SMS messaging system developed with KTF support. e-learning:  comprehensive GEMS e-learning course highlighting the support of the KTF •A was published in the Open Learning Campus and is open to World Bank staff and external partners.  n e-learning course on using various ICT tools to develop spatial insight and assist •A with monitoring and evaluation is currently under development. The e-learning course is being developed in both English and French, and will be made available for both internal and external audiences. The Enhancing FCV Operations with Geospatial ICT Tools grant supported the development of this course. SECTION TWO 21 KTF IN ACTION Developing Conflict Resolution, Socio-Emotional Skills and Literacy in the BARMM Region of the Philippines In October 2012, a preliminary peace agreement was signed between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, following nearly five decades of armed conflict in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. The agreement called for the establishment of a new autonomous entity, fulfilling the Muslim-majority Moro people’s demand for self-determination. In early 2019, with the passing of the Bangsamoro Organic Law (also known as Bangsamoro Basic Law), the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) was created. This was a significant milestone and Teachers participating in a coaching gave new hope for the Bangsamoro people, a population of about session on Basic Education Curriculum 4.4 million belonging to 13 ethno-linguistic groups. However, a Framework and Competencies and the lot remained to be done to ensure a peaceful transition. Integration of Moral Governance. Photo Credit: Save the Children Philippines The long history of instability in Mindanao has negatively affected the education of children in the region. Learning outcomes in BARMM are far below the national average, and a large number of children are out of school. Statistics before the pandemic show that more than 500,000 children were not in school, and 44 percent of Bangsamoro communities still do not have access to schools or learning centers.5 This problem has in effect been exacerbated by the pandemic: in 2020, enrollment decreased by 30 percent. Ensuring that children in BARMM have access to high-quality, context- appropriate education is critical for fostering resilience, inclusion and tolerance, and supporting the long-term process of recovery and peacebuilding. IMPROVING TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS TO ENHANCE CONFLICT SENSITIVITY The KTF grant aimed to improve teacher effectiveness in developing conflict resolution, socio- emotional skills and literacy of early grade students through innovative, school-based continuous professional development interventions. The grant team worked with Save the Children Philippines to pilot a coaching model for teachers’ professional development and engaged the Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society to help the Bank team monitor the pilot implementation. The pilot worked specifically with early grade teachers (grades 1-3) to strengthen their teaching of literacy using the mother tongue as the language of instruction (in line with Philippines policy) and socio-emotional skills in relation to peacebuilding. The Coaching Module for Teacher Effectiveness and Competencies Enhancement developed with the support of this grant focused on the following areas: a) literacy, peacebuilding and moral governance; b) proficiency in developing content and standard-based assessment and performance tasks; c) developing conflict-sensitive teaching materials and assessment tools ; d) positive discipline in a heterogeneous classroom set-up; and, e) adapting to the “new normal” brought about by COVID-19. 5 Save the Children (2019), Child Rights Situation Analysis of BARMM.  22 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Following the development of the module, 60 teachers were selected for the coaching program. After training, these 60 coaches then worked extensively with teachers in groups and one-on-one throughout the year. Due to the physical restrictions caused by the pandemic, coaching mostly took place remotely (but also in person wherever possible). The coaching sessions included lesson observation, demonstrations of teaching practices, goal setting, and measurement of progress of student learning. Complementary peer learning Monitoring visit by Save the Children Philippines to sessions were also provided for teachers to work one of the partner schools. Photo Credit: Save the Children Philippines together in a collaborative and interactive manner at the school. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the project also developed virtual training on Psychological First Aid (PFA) aimed at supporting and preparing the teacher-coaches upon the resumption of classes through online, phone call and text platforms. The teachers were also trained to conduct remote or virtual PFA to their co-teachers and pupils, if needed. A total of 53 teachers participated in the online PFA training sessions. The teachers trained on PFA rolled out the training to their co-teachers, district and division staff to support the teachers during the pandemic and help them understand how to help the pupils and their fellow teachers during stressful situations. SCALING UP FOR GREATER IMPACT The Philippines Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education, the beneficiary of the grant, appreciated the pilot activities and expressed its intention to continue enhancing teachers’ professional development using the coaching model. The lessons learned from this pilot project have informed the design of the Teacher Effectiveness and Competencies Enhancement (TEACEP) Project, which is currently under preparation, and the pilot will be scaled through the TEACEP Project. Teachers participating in a coaching session at Gubat Memorial Elementary School. Photo Credit: Save the Children Philippines SECTION TWO 23 SECTION THREE PROGRAM STATUS & OVERVIEW Grants supported by the KTF enable the design and GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE implementation of FCV-sensitive strategies and operations, facilitate innovative development in KTF grants address FCV challenges in diverse FCV settings, and promote knowledge generation regional and country contexts and are having and monitoring of crisis risk. Since its inception an impact across all seven geographic regions,9 in 2009, the KTF (Phases One and Two) has as well as globally. More than half of the received US$39.3 million6 and supported 75 commitments since 2009 have been allocated interventions addressing FCV challenges at the to East Asia and Pacific as a priority region national, regional, and global levels. Overall, for the KTF (figure 3). Total allocations to KTF-funded activities have performed strongly, this region amount to almost US$18 million with 90 percent rated satisfactory or above in support of 28 interventions in Indonesia, in achievement of development objectives or Myanmar, the Pacific Islands, Papua New implementation progress. Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. Allocations under the KTF total approximately US$37.2 million,7 meaning that 96 percent of the Fund’s net value8 has been committed. Figure 3. KTF Grant Commitments by Cumulative disbursements since inception Region, 2009-2021 amount to almost US$31 million, including more than US$4.7 million during the reporting period (July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021). With Phase One closed as of August 31, 2021 and Phase Two closing in less than two years, 83 percent of all commitments have been disbursed as of June 30, 2021. Detailed information on the status of KTF’s finances is presented in Annex 1. ACTIVE PORTFOLIO STRUCTURE AND STATUS The KTF portfolio grew during the reporting period. Nine grants with more than US$4 million in commitments entered the portfolio under the Phase Two Third Annual Business Plan. Implementation of five grants under Phase One and one grant under Phase Two was completed, and the grants were closed. The active portfolio as of June 30, 2021 comprised 22 grants with US$11.5 million in commitments. The average disbursement ratio for the active portfolio is 57 percent. A list Note: The global category includes grants with global of active grants with respective development coverage and those spanning multiple regions. objectives, grant amounts, and disbursements is presented in Annex 2. 6  onor contributions under Phase One and Phase Two equivalent to US$38,469,534 and investments and other income under D Phase One of US$829,370. 7 Including program management allocations and commitments under active and approved grants.  8  Net value excludes the remaining balance under Phase One, which is to be refunded to the donor. 9  ast Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Europe and Central Asia, Eastern and Southern Africa, E Western and Central Africa, Latin America and Caribbean. In July 2020, the World Bank split the Africa portfolio into two regional portfolios. SECTION THREE 25 Photo Credit: Natalia Cieslik / World Bank The majority of the active portfolio is concentrated The active portfolio covers five geographic in East Asia and Pacific, with grants in Myanmar, regions. Past allocations to grants in the the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Middle East and North Africa, Western and Islands, and Thailand. Almost one-quarter of Central Africa, and in Latin America and active grants have a global focus (figure 4), the Caribbean were fully disbursed and no compared with 16 percent in the historical new grants in those regions were approved portfolio. The active portfolio also shows an during the reporting period. Figure 5 increase in allocations to Europe and Central presents commitments, disbursements, and Asia—from eight percent in the historical number of grants according to region for the portfolio to 11 percent in the active portfolio— historical portfolio. reflecting one grant in Tajikistan, one grant covering Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and one Regional activities have received the largest grant in Ukraine. portion of KTF commitments, followed by global activities. The largest country-focused allocation has gone to Myanmar, followed by Figure 4. KTF Active Grants According to a group of East Asian and Pacific countries, Region, as of June 30, 2021 including the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia (see figure 6). This funding distribution reflects KTF priorities for regional and country targeting. In the reporting period new commitments were made to Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Solomon Islands. Figure 6 also demonstrates the geographic scope of the KTF beyond East Asia and Pacific, with country-specific priority interventions in five countries in Africa, three countries in Europe and Central Asia, and two countries in both South Asia and Latin America & Caribbean. 26 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Figure 5. KTF Grant Commitments and Disbursements According to Region, 2009-2021 Figure 6. KTF Commitments According to Country, 2009-2021 Note: Only countries receiving country-specific grant commitments are presented. Grants spanning multiple countries are reflected in the regional or global columns. SECTION THREE 27 COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY AND Figure 8. KTF Commitments According to THEMATIC AREAS Phase 2 Area of Engagement KTF financing is almost equally distributed across countries eligible for IDA and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) funding. From 2009 to 2021, 30 percent of commitments went to countries eligible for IDA and 32 percent to MICs with pockets of fragility eligible for IBRD funding (figure 7). Regional and global activities account for 38 percent of committed funding. This distribution reflects the KTF’s ability to support interventions addressing challenges along the full spectrum of FCV situations. Figure 7. KTF Financing According to Country Eligibility for IDA or IBRD Funding, 2009-2021 KTF commitments under Phase Two span the three areas of engagement of the Fund. The majority of commitments fall under the first area of engagement – Operational Support for Conflict-Sensitive Strategies and Operations (figure 8). This reflects the strong linkages between KTF activities and IDA and IBRD operations that are informed or supported by KTF grants. Almost one-third of the Phase Two portfolio supports Innovative Engagements in FCV, while 15 percent of the commitments Note: IDA includes countries eligible to borrow from both contribute to Management and Prevention of IDA and IBRD. In the KTF portfolio this applies to Moldova, Crisis Risk. Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. 28 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 GOVERNANCE, Figure 9. Fund-Level Results for ADMINISTRATION, AND Overall KTF Portfolio RESULTS MONITORING The World Bank Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group manages and oversees the KTF, which also collaborates closely with the State and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF). The KTF Secretariat oversees the KTF’s day-to-day management, grant-making processes, portfolio programming and monitoring, and knowledge management and communications. KTF grants are subject to rigorous technical, legal, and fiduciary due diligence, as are all World Bank projects. Results frameworks ensure fund- and project-level results are consistently monitored and reported on an annual basis. (See Annexes 4 and 5.) Phase One fund-level results for the overall portfolio are presented in figure 9. Phase Two fund-level results as of June 30, 2021, are presented in Annex 5, reflecting results achieved thus far under the grants under the First, Second, and Third Annual Business Plans of Phase Two. With one and a half years remaining for implementation of activities under Phase Two, some end-of-program targets have already been surpassed and other indicators demonstrate Note: Reflects proportion of KTF commitments supporting considerable progress towards achieving end- results in each of the six areas. Most grants apply to more than one of the six objectives, but for this of-program targets. Sixty-six percent of grant illustration grants were assigned only to their funding is allocated to countries in Asia and respective primary objectives. the Pacific, relative to the target of 75 percent. KTF projects are engaging 18 international and national nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), as compared to the end target of 20 NGOs. Eleven KTF grants are informing the use of innovative information and communications technologies (ICTs) in World Bank operations, versus the end target of 10, and 45 percent of those are benefiting from technical advice from Korean institutions (compared to the end target of 60 percent). Five crisis management tools have been developed or supported under KTF grants, against the end target of 10. KTF grants directly inform or support 29 lending operations with a cumulative value of US$3.5 billion. SECTION THREE 29 KTF IN ACTION Strengthening Anticipatory and Early Action to Prevent Emerging Food Security Crises The risk of famine and severe food insecurity continues to threaten millions of people, and due to the protracted impacts of COVID-19 and other shocks the number of people facing crisis levels of food insecurity has been on the rise. As food insecurity is both a consequence and a cause of conflict, many countries and regions experiencing food insecurity are also witnessing increased conflict and violence. Food security crises and their compounding effects are long lasting and can derail hard-won development Grant task team and Somalia Country Management Unit at a gains. There is considerable evidence that meeting with representatives of the Ministry of Planning. responding earlier to emerging food security Photo Credit: Zacharey Austin Carmichael / World Bank crises saves lives, reduces suffering and significantly increases the cost-effectiveness of deployed resources. Recognizing the importance of anticipatory and early action to protect lives and livelihoods from emerging food security crises, the Famine Action Mechanism (FAM) was launched in 2018. This global coalition brings together innovative technology, financing, and strong partnerships to bolster famine prevention, preparedness and early action. To advance this agenda, the FAM focuses on the links between food security crisis and risk through analytics, anticipatory and early action financing, and programming. It also provides an important platform to share information and discuss emerging food security crisis trends. FAM partners include the World Bank, the United Nations, donors, International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, NGOs and data institutions. ENHANCING THE WORLD BANK’S TOOLKIT FOR ANTICIPATORY AND EARLY ACTION The KTF grant activities advanced the FAM agenda by supporting operations to mitigate potential severe food insecurity conditions before they become major crises. Adopting best practices from disaster risk management, the grant provided operational support to country teams and partners through the following activities: 1. Developed a guidance note on food security crisis preparedness: The project supported the development of a first-of-its-kind guidance note on good principles for governments to develop Food Security Crisis Preparedness Plans (FSCPP), a mandatory requirement for countries seeking funding from the IDA Crisis Response Window Early Response Financing (CRW ERF). The note described the core elements needed to address an emerging food security crisis, sectoral recommendations, and an overview of the process governments can follow. While the FSCPP is an IDA-specific requirement, it provided an opportunity to work across development and humanitarian partners to provide a well-coordinated, “whole of aid” approach to addressing future food security crises. It also provided a means for strategically building up government capacity and ownership of this agenda over time, serving as a living document that can be updated as part of ongoing planning processes. 30 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 2. Supported country teams to develop FSCPPs to pursue early action for food security crises as part of the IDA CRW ERF. Following development of the guidance note on FSCPP, the grant team supported the launch of the FSCPP development process in several FCS countries including Somalia and Yemen, as preparation for the CRW EFR, using new projects or additional financing. A workshop on anticipatory early action with members of the Food 3. Developed a food security-informed Security Cluster consisting of Somali ministries, and humanitarian and development partners. Photo Credit: Zacharey Austin portfolio review: The project developed Carmichael / World Bank a first-of-its-kind food security-informed portfolio review for the Chad country team. This review examined 15 projects and included interviews with the associated project teams to assess the readiness and potential gaps in the Bank’s portfolio for responding to future food security crisis risks. These findings informed targeted recommendations to the country team for elevating food security crisis risk as part of its dialogue with government counterparts and proposed concrete suggestions for bolstering early action moving forward. The team also conducted a light-touch review of the Somalia portfolio. 4. Increased the Bank’s collective understanding of country exposure to food security crisis risks and supported broader efforts to mobilize additional support for early action. The KTF support helped update advanced modeling work to demonstrate that food security crisis conditions have reached unprecedented levels in many countries. This was recently highlighted in a World Bank Board paper, The KTF support helped update advanced modeling work to demonstrate that food security crisis conditions have reached unprecedented levels across a broad number of countries. This was recently highlighted in a World Bank Board paper, “Responding to the Emerging Food Security Crisis.” INFORMING FAMINE PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS AND EARLY ACTION The KTF provided critical funding to kickstart the development of Food Security Crisis Preparedness Plans at the country level The value of the KTF has “ and to pioneer new approaches to risk and portfolio analyses. The KTF support for FSCPP been its ability to provide development in Somalia and Yemen, for flexible gap funding and to instance, informed the World Bank’s lending operations, including Additional Financing to support knowledge the Somalia Crisis Recovery Project for Food Insecurity Response and the Food Security building on challenging Response and Resilience Project in Yemen. issues, particularly in Growing recognition of worsening food security crisis conditions globally—and understanding FCV contexts.” the importance of anticipatory and early Zacharey Carmichael, Team Lead for action—recently prompted the Bank’s Board the Famine Action Mechanism to increase the size of the CRW ERF to US$1 billion (from its original US$500 million). This increase has enabled more countries to access the ERF to respond to emerging food security crises, and as of August 2021, 14 countries had submitted requests for this support. The KTF support played a catalytic role in supporting the World Bank ’s efforts to bolster anticipatory and early action to protect lives and livelihoods from emerging food security crises. SECTION THREE 31 SECTION FOUR PARTNERSHIPS & KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE A crosscutting objective of the KTF is advancing 2021 the KTF Secretariat hosted a webinar partnerships and generating and disseminating featuring the RDA’s work on insect farming. A knowledge. The importance of partnerships recent World Bank publication on Insects and is echoed in the WBG FCV Strategy as an Hydroponics in Africa: The New Circular Food essential tool “to effectively prevent conflict, Economy (launched on December 8, 2021) build resilience, and sustain peace.” For highlights Korea’s insect farming policies and partnerships to be effective, the FCV Strategy practices and uses analytical inputs produced calls for each stakeholder to build on its by RDA experts on insect farming. comparative advantage and mandate. Technical Advice and Knowledge Exchange The KTF continues to be an important catalyst with the Korea Land and Geospatial Informatix for collaboration between Korea and the World Corporation and Data Alliance to Enhance Bank in areas such as the co-creation of Geospatial Response to COVID-19 in Pakistan development solutions through piloting The Geospatial Response to COVID-19 in India and innovation, joint analytics, and the and Pakistan grant aims to help India and expansion of knowledge exchange and learning Pakistan confront the COVID-19 outbreak opportunities on FCV issues. During FY21, the and its aftermath by strengthening their KTF worked with a number of Korean partners capacity to use geospatial information and in the implementation of project activities. ICT tools for epidemiological investigation Despite the challenges of COVID-19, several and monitoring. As part of the Punjab Urban knowledge dissemination and exchange events Land Systems Enhancement Project (a lending with Korean institutions took place. Examples operation under preparation linked to this of partnership activities with Korean Institution grant), a virtual technical exchange workshop include the following: with Korean experts took place on April 28, 2021. More than 20 government officials Collaboration with the Korea Rural from the Punjab Board of Revenue, Provincial Development Administration on Innovative Disaster Management Authority, Punjab Land Technologies in Agriculture Records Authority, and Directorate of Land The Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Records participated. Agriculture Technologies for FCV-affected populations and countries in Africa grant During the workshop, an IT policy expert aims to advance knowledge on how Frontier from the Data Alliance, a leading consulting Agriculture technologies can be used to firm of the Smart City Platform in Korea, produce nutritious food, create jobs, and shared Korea’s experience in leveraging enhance livelihoods and provide modalities for geospatial technologies and the Smart implementation in FCV contexts. This project City Data Hub in response to COVID-19. A has benefited from extensive collaboration land and geospatial expert from the Korea with the Korea Rural Development Land and Geospatial Informatix Corporation Administration (RDA). shared the trajectory of Korea’s spatial data infrastructure, modernization of land records, Based on this partnership, the World Bank and eGovernment service with clients. Lessons and the RDA agreed to collaborate on a from Korea’s experience provided a forward- pilot project to provide training to rural looking strategy for designing a solid geospatial farmers in South Sudan, supported under a foundation and systems. Data Alliance will subsequent KTF grant, Reducing Hunger Risk in continue to work with the KTF project team South Sudan. to provide technical inputs to develop the roadmap for establishing a solid Spatial The World Bank-RDA collaboration has Data Infrastructure. received media coverage, including an article in Korea’s leading economic daily. In March SECTION FOUR 33 Box 3. Knowledge Exchange Among KTF Project Teams on Innovative Use of ICT in FCV Affected Situations On April 13, 2021, the KTF Secretariat hosted a knowledge exchange event for KTF grant teams using various innovations to overcome limitations of project monitoring and supervision in FCV- affected situations, especially during COVID-19. Keith Garrett, Manager of the Analytics and Tools Unit of the World Bank’s Data Group, chaired the session. Five KTF project teams participated and shared innovative experiences on project supervision and monitoring in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and through a global initiative. The experiences highlighted the use of different tools such as satellites or smart phones to collect real-time data for the projects. How the project teams worked with counterparts to remotely build capacity in local governments and communities to collect data and monitor and supervise their programs was also highlighted. The session provided a platform for knowledge exchange where project teams shared challenges and lessons learned from the KTF-supported projects. Credit: Photo 34 | Korea Markus Trust Kostner / World Report Fund Annual Bank 2020-2021 Joint Analysis with Korea Development Institute Korean Expert participation in a Study School on Welfare Impacts of COVID-19 on Developing FCV Approaches in Middle-Income Countries The Welfare Impacts of COVID-19 grant aims to inform the policy response during the As part of the Developing approaches for COVID-19 crisis and prepare for the recovery conflict and fragility in Middle-Income Countries in developing countries by providing timely and grant, an expert advisory group consisting of accurate estimates of the impacts of the crisis World Bank experts and external members on measures of household economic welfare, from academia, policy institutions, and including labor market outcomes of household donor agencies was formed to provide quality members. The grant also aims to facilitate a assurance. The expert advisory group consists better understanding of which non-traditional of experts from Seoul National University, high-frequency indicators can track the Stockholm International Peace Research impacts of COVID-19 on household economic Institute, the Australian Department of Foreign welfare including labor market outcomes. The Affairs and Trade, UK Foreign, Commonwealth grant has elicited the services of Dr. Joshua and Development Office, Indonesian Institute Merfeld, Assistant Professor at the Korea of Sciences, Universidad de los Andes Development Institute (KDI) and other faculty (Colombia), and Carnegie Middle East Center. members and selected students to help design The advisory group has been invited to review and conduct the analysis related to welfare the final synthesis report, along with the main impacts of COVID-19. Three working papers quantitative analytical study and country case are planned together with KDI, focusing on the studies, to ensure that the final report reflects welfare implications of COVID-19 for fragile the latest global research and policy-relevant and conflict-affected regions and the extent to insights. Dr. Huck-ju Kwon, Professor at Seoul which real-time indicators effectively tracked National University and President of the Korea the economic and labor market impacts Association of International Development of COVID-19. and Cooperation, is part of the advisory group and will help guide the team as it Data Inputs from SI Imaging, a Korean Firm, for moves forward with data collection, analysis, Use in World Bank Lending Operations and dissemination. The Enhancing FCV Operations with Geospatial ICT tools grant aims to improve the transparency and accountability of World Bank projects in FCV settings through the use of ICT tools. The grant procured data inputs (KOMPSAT radar data) from SI Imaging Services, a Korean imagery firm, for two WB lending operations: the Cameroon Inclusive and Resilient Cities Development Project and the Douala Urban Mobility Project. The satellite imagery has facilitated remote monitoring of changes in the project implementation sites over time. SECTION FOUR 35 Box 4. Partnerships with local and international NGOs When working in FCV-affected situations, partnering with international and local NGOs, civil society, and local actors is critical. Because of their presence on the ground, these organizations and groups offer contextual expertise as well as technical know-how on working in complex settings. Several KTF projects have partnered with local and international NGOs to deliver results: WORKING WITH HILAL AHMAD FOUNDATION TO PILOT A SOCIO-ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION PROGRAM FOR EX-DETAINEES AND EX-COMBATANTS IN SOUTHERN THAILAND The Re-integration program for ex-detainees and ex-combatants in Thailand’s subnational conflict grant assists the government in refining and operationalizing an enhanced socioeconomic reintegration program pilot for selected ex-detainees and ex-combatants. The recipient- executed component of this project was implemented by the Hilal Ahmad Foundation, a local NGO. The project team also engaged extensively with a range of other local NGOs in the Deep South of Thailand throughout grant implementation. WORKING WITH SAVE THE CHILDREN TO PILOT A COACHING MODULE FOR TEACHERS The Developing Conflict Resolution, Socio-Emotional Skills, Literacy and Numeracy of Elementary Graders in the BARMM region of the Philippines grant aims to improve teacher effectiveness in developing conflict resolution, socio-emotional skills, literacy, and numeracy of elementary graders through innovative school-based continuous professional development interventions in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao region in the Philippines. The team worked with Save the Children Philippines to pilot a coaching model for the professional development of teachers. The team also engaged the Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society to help the Bank team monitor implementation of project activities. WORKING WITH NGOS TO ROLL OUT GEMS The GEMS+: Creating a Public Good through Digital Tools & Skills in FCV settings grant aims to create a Global Public Good for clients, partners, and beneficiaries by enhancing the use of ICT and innovative methods for project preparation, implementation, and risk management in FCV settings. In Honduras, in cooperation with the World Bank Country Management Unit, GEMS was rolled out systematically across the country’s active NGOs. 36 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 SECTION Photo Credit: Cheatham / World Bank TomFOUR 37 ANNEXES 38 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 ANNEX 1. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Expressed 2021 Note 2020 2019 2018 2017 2009-2016 Total in US$ (January-June) OPENING BALANCE 1 10,834,500.52 15,106,195.16 13,195,900.84 9,715,369.82 8,698,926.76 0.00 - RECEIPTS Donor 2 0.00 0.00 4,641,546.05 5,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 23,827,987.51 38,469,533.56 Contributions Net Investment and Other 3 1,406.62 16,142.20 74,403.88 87,249.70 89,626.73 560,540.76 829,369.89 Incomes Total Receipts 1,406.62 16,142.20 4,715,949.93 5,087,249.70 5,089,626.73 24,388,528.27 39,298,903.45 DISBURSEMENTS Grant 4 2,949,618.66 4,149,080.45 2,632,149.01 1,524,953.46 4,012,349.71 14,595,982.99 29,864,134.28 Disbursements Program 5 36,464.88 138,756.39 106,006.60 81,765.22 60,833.96 617,058.77 1,040,885.82 Management World Bank Administration 6 0.00 0.00 67,500.00 0.00 0.00 476,559.75 544,059.75 Fee Total 2,986,083.54 4,287,836.84 2,805,655.61 1,606,718.68 4,073,183.67 15,689,601.51 31,449,079.85 Disbursements ENDING BALANCE 7,849,823.60 10,834,500.52 15,106,195.16 13,195,900.84 9,715,369.82 8,698,926.76 - Less: Committed Funds 7 4,995,753.78 - - - - - - (Active Grants) Less: Committed Funds (Approved 8 1,298,000.00 - - - - - - Grants) Less: Refund 9 630,887.06 - - - - - - to donor Fund Balance (Available 10 925,182.76 for New Programming) Note 1: Reporting Basis Reporting period used in this report is July 1, 2020 through June 30, 2021. Note 2: Donor Contributions The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (Fund) did not receive any new contributions in the reporting period. Since the Fund was established in 2009 the Republic of Korea acting through the Ministry of Economy and Finance has contributed ~US$38,469,534 equivalent to the Fund. Note 3: Investments and other incomes Net investments and other incomes - US$16,142.20 for calendar year 2020 and US$1,406.62 for the first six months of calendar year 2021 - consist of the Fund’s share in the interest income earned by the World Bank’s trust fund portfolio including realized gains/losses from sale of securities and other incomes. Note 4: Disbursement for the Fund’s operational activities Cumulative disbursements to the KTF grants in the amount of US$29,864,134.28 were made since the establishment of the Fund, out of which US$4,149,080.45 in 2020 and US$2,949,618.66 in January-June 2021. Regional distribution of disbursements is presented below, with East Asia and Pacific Region taking the leading share of total grant disbursements with 53.3%. ANNEXES 39 The following table provides details of the grant distribution and disbursements by region. For a fuller picture, the table also reflects grant commitments by region. Number of Region Disbursed, US$ Share, % Share, % Committed, US$ Share, % grants East Asia and Pacific $15,919,410.01 53.3 28 37 $17,964,899.23 52 Eastern and Southern Africa $1,653,671.50 5.5 5 7 $2,155,922.86 6 Western and Central Africa $2,495,010.10 8.4 7 9 $2,495,010.10 7 South Asia $1,899,381.28 6.4 5 7 $2,344,259.39 7 Latin America and Caribbean $823,182.45 2.8 2 3 $823,182.45 2 Europe and Central Asia $2,171,545.87 7.3 8 11 $2,923,923.41 8 Middle East and North Africa $449,547.55 1.5 1 1 $449,547.55 1 Global $4,452,385.52 14.9 19 25 $5,658,477.53 16 $29,864,134.28 100.0 75 100.0 $34,815,222.52 100.0 Note 5: Program Management Disbursement The cost of the Fund program management for the calendar year 2020 amounted to US$138,756.39, and for January-June 2021 to US$36,464.88. The following table provides details of expenses for the Fund program management. Cumulative Expense 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2009-2016 disbursements, Categories (January-June) US$ Staff 17,179.24 54,516.40 64,594.97 30,371.02 38,812.72 412,803.59 618,277.94 costs Consultant 7,162.37 40,108.75 14,192.76 15,644.00 0.00 41,606.61 118,714.49 fees Travel 0.00 1,694.60 10,131.85 21,752.17 22,021.24 113,211.46 168,811.32 expenses Other 12,123.27 42,436.64 17,087.02 13,998.03 0.00 49,437.11 135,082.07 expenses 36,464.88 138,756.39 106,006.60 81,765.22 60,833.96 617,058.77 1,040,885.82 Staff costs include salaries and benefits for the KTF Secretariat staff. Other expenses include associated overhead expenses, contractual services, e.g. editing, graphic design, translation, publishing and printing, representation and hospitality. 40 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Note 6: Administration Fee The World Bank administration fee covers indirect costs related to corporate services provided in support of operational work. Indirect costs include the cost of institution-wide services such as human resources, information technologies, office space services, etc. The World Bank administration fee is not specific to the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions but applies to all trust funds administered by the World Bank. No administration fee was charged in the reporting period. Note 7: Committed funds (Active grants) Commitments in the amount of US$4,995,753.78 are outstanding as of June 30, 2021. These are the remaining balances (funds committed but not yet disbursed) of the grants that the Fund has approved for program management and operational activities, i.e. active grants. Note 8: Committed funds (Approved grants) Commitments in the amount of US$1,298,000 relate to three new Expressions of Interest recently approved by the donor. Note 9: Final Balance Under Phase 1 Balance remaining under Phase 1 of the KTF that closed August 31, 2021. US$630,887.06 has been transferred to the donor’s Donor Balance Account and will be refunded to the donor. The final amount of the refund is subject to change due to investment income or loss before the date of actual refund. Note 10 - Fund Balance Fund balance as of June 30, 2021 is equal to US$925,182.76 and can be used for new programming. ANNEXES 41 ANNEX 2. ACTIVE GRANTS AS OF JUNE 30, 2021 Region Country and Start Development Grant Disbursement as of project title date objective amount June 30, 2021 Myanmar: January Develop proofs of concept and $400,000 $219,496 People-centric 2020 prototypes of government-to-citizen Digital Services digital services (or applications) that for Peace and are conducive to peace and inclusion, Inclusion adopting a people-centric, design- oriented approach. The focus will TF0B1985 be on giving a voice to marginalized under Phase Two communities and fostering the trust that is essential to propel and sustain the peace process in Myanmar. The design of a digital evidence-based performance management system for civil servants— incorporating citizen feedback and engagement—will also be iterated and tested to help reduce corruption and improve service delivery in the conflict areas while engendering trust between citizens and the state. Myanmar: September Support peaceful transitions in Myanmar $700,000 $626,499 Supporting 2020 by increasing country and task teams’ Peaceful knowledge of conflict dynamics and Transitions improving their responses through analytical work, advisory services, TF0A9585 and technical support to operational and TF0B4107 teams. This grant will: assess existing under Phase Two livelihood opportunities for households EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC living in Rakhine State; develop a conflict-informed diagnostic of socioeconomic and political dynamics between communities in Rakhine State; develop operational guidelines and pilot interventions to expand economic opportunities and foster social cohesion in conflict-affected areas in Rakhine; and promote knowledge sharing and partnership development. Myanmar: December Support conflict sensitivity of the $500,000 $56,871 Inclusion 2020 Bank’s portfolio to ensure inclusion and Conflict and peace-enhancing development Sensitivity within the pandemic context. Before during COVID-19 the February 2021 coup, the grant was originally planned to: (i) promote TF0B4759 conflict sensitivity in WB operations and under Phase Two policy dialogue by applying an Inclusion and Peace Lens; (ii) conduct context monitoring of the political economy and risks to operations; and (iii) conduct monitoring of the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic. Because all operational lending projects have been paused following the February 2021 coup, the grant activities are supporting ongoing monitoring of conflict and violence in the country, advisory support to country management, and analyses of the evolving political-economy and community responses to the coup and COVID-19 to help keep Myanmar country management and task teams informed of the evolving situation on the ground. Grants added since last Annual Report 42 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country and Start Development Grant Disbursement as of project title date objective amount June 30, 2021 Papua September Support the client government and $400,000 $6,064 New Guinea: 2020 World Bank to better assess the impacts Responding to of the “triple crisis”—COVID-19; African Triple Crises Swine Fever; and Fall Armyworm— and identify policy options to better TF0B3899 manage the risks. The grant provides under Phase Two an analytical overview of how these emerging crises interact with pre- existing fragility risks, and identifies policy and operational recommendations that the government could consider for risk mitigation and response, with a focus on the agriculture sector and food security. Papua New August Conduct high-frequency phone surveys $485,000 $312,185 Guinea and 2020 to monitor the socioeconomic effects Solomon Islands: of the rapidly evolving COVID-19 Socioeconomic pandemic in real time, and to help Impacts of inform evidence-based policies by filling COVID-19 critical knowledge gaps. The grant supports quarterly mobile phone surveys TF0B3764 and to monitor and assess the socioeconomic TF0B6249 impacts of COVID-19 in Papua New under Phase Two Guinea and the Solomon Islands, the most data-poor countries in the Pacific region. Philippines: November Increase teacher effectiveness $400,000 $377,215 Developing 2019 in developing conflict resolution, Conflict socioemotional, literacy, and numeracy Resolution, skills of elementary school students Socio-Emotional by providing innovative school-based Skills, Literacy continuous professional development and Numeracy interventions in the FCV context of the EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC of Elementary Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Graders in the Muslim Mindanao in the Philippines. Bangsamoro The project will pilot a coaching Autonomous model for providing school-based Region of continuous professional development Muslim for elementary schoolteachers in Mindanao of the selected areas. The coaching program, Philippines based on international good practice for supporting teachers, will cover TF0B1514 conflict resolution and socioemotional under Phase Two skills of young children in relation to peacebuilding and teach literacy and numeracy as appropriate in the local language of instruction, in line with the Philippines’ Mother Tongue policy. Philippines: August Leverage drones and smartphones to $380,000 $47,205 ICT for Land 2020 accelerate titling of agricultural land in Operations the Mindanao Region, where the issue of land allocation is one of the key TF0B3723 drivers of conflict. The grant leverages under Phase Two Korea’s expertise and success in ICT technologies to integrate COVID-19 pandemic response tools into the World Bank’s new Support to Parcelization of Lands for Individual Titling Project. Thailand: May Help the government deliver and $650,000 $609,362 Supporting the 2019 evaluate a redesigned socioeconomic Bank- Socio-Economic reintegration program pilot for executed Reintegration of ex-detainees and ex-combatants in grant Ex-Detainees and southern Thailand. The program will Ex-Combatants support a socially and economically $1,350,000 $1,235,781 in Southern vulnerable population and help build recipient- Thailand goodwill and space for a peace dialogue executed process. The grant will help deliver grant TF0B0231 reintegration assistance to 240 ex- and TF0B0232 combatants and ex-detainees, collect under Phase Two data on the effectiveness and outcomes of the pilot, and establish program and implementation capacity within government and implementing partners accordingly. ANNEXES 43 Region Country and Start Development Grant Disbursement as of project title date objective amount June 30, 2021 FCV Support to September Bring FCV operational knowledge and $800,000 $528,832 AND PACIFIC East Asia and 2018 experience to support country programs (over 3 years) EAST ASIA Pacific in Asia and Pacific and help implement KTF Phase Two, with a special focus TF0A8648 under on innovative engagements in FCV and Phase Two management of crisis risks. TOTAL: EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC $6,065,000 $4,019,511 Africa: Water- March Contribute to increasing knowledge on $500,000 $417,854 Saving, Climate- 2019 how frontier agriculture technologies Smart Frontier can be used to produce nutritious food, Agriculture create jobs, and enhance livelihoods. Technologies for This grant will provide solutions, FCV-affected enhance knowledge, and increase Populations and collaboration among partners to increase Countries in resilience and decrease vulnerability Africa in FCV contexts by advancing highly productive water- and land-saving TF0B0053 frontier agriculture technologies. These under Phase Two are largely portable in the sense that host populations and displaced people will be able to take their knowledge and systems with them if they move to AFRICA other locations, enabling them to begin producing nutritious food and attaining food security immediately. South Sudan: November Increase the knowledge of and $500,000 $79,894 Reducing 2020 accessibility to nutritious foods in a Hunger Risk short time by introducing innovative frontier agriculture technologies in TF0B4455 urban and peri-urban areas. The grant under Phase Two will improve the World Bank’s and client’s knowledge of highly productive yet fairly easily adopted technologies for household food security during the COVID-19 crisis, and will generate evidence-based knowledge on frontier agricultural technology applicable to other FCV environments. TOTAL: AFRICA $1,000,000 $497,748 Tajikistan and February Develop a system of data collection and $375,000 $162,650 Uzbekistan: 2020 dissemination based on text messages Mobile Engage to improve service delivery and provide mechanisms for citizen engagement TF0B1939 in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The under Phase Two grant uses telephone networks to reach vulnerable people, encourage acceptance of public service initiatives, provide important information on health EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA and wellbeing, and collect feedback from the public. Tajikistan: February Increase efficiency and transparency of $450,000 $204,264 Enabling Trade 2020 cross-border trade to promote economic in a Challenging growth and reduce instability in border Environment areas. The grant will develop a series of technical and policy recommendations in TF0B2095 the domain of cross-border movements under Phase Two of goods and people (trade and travel) targeted toward trade-related agencies, including the Customs Service, to reduce high transaction costs and burdensome administrative procedures. A series of technical notes will be summarized in a “Trade modernization program” report to be presented to the government of the Republic of Tajikistan and trade and border agencies. 44 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country and Start Development Grant Disbursement as of project title date objective amount June 30, 2021 Ukraine: October 2020 Provide technical assistance to $450,000 $162,166 Peacebuilding develop and position the “Data Portal and on Peacebuilding, Recovery and Reintegration in Reintegration” as a tool for stakeholder Eastern Ukraine coordination and citizen engagement to EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA increase the effectiveness of recovery TF0B4155 interventions in Eastern Ukraine, under Phase Two including on COVID-19 related impacts and response efforts. The expanded portal will be piloted as a key tool for community engagement to inform implementation of the “Eastern Ukraine: Reconnect, Recover, Revitalize” Project, strengthening local participation, accountability and engagement mechanisms for local governments and communities on project-related infrastructure and economic recovery investments. TOTAL: EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA $1,275,000 $529,080 India and October Help India and Pakistan—the worst-hit $480,000 $35,122 Pakistan: 2020 countries in the South Asia Region— Strengthening to confront the COVID-19 outbreak Geospatial and its aftermath by strengthening Response their capacity with the use of SOUTH ASIA in India and geospatial information and ICT tools Pakistan for epidemiological investigation and monitoring. The grant develops clients’ TF0B4083 capacity to launch an integrated under Phase Two geospatial platform that will create, trace, monitor, and analyze static and real-time location-based information in order to prepare for subsequent waves of infection and future pandemics. TOTAL: SOUTH ASIA $480,000 $35,122 Developing March Build deeper knowledge of the nature $500,000 $487,175 Approaches 2019 of FCV in MICs and what works to for Conflict promote peace in MICs, and thereby and Fragility in develop effective approaches for use by Middle-income the World Bank Group and others. The Countries (MICs) program will build on past analytical work, including the Pathways for Peace TF0A9897 under study, the 2011 World Development Phase Two Report, and the Asia Foundation’s KTF-funded Contested Corners research. The work will build a comprehensive understanding of the nature and drivers of multiple types of FCV in MICs by developing solid guidance to shape strategies, approaches, and designs to prevent and address FCV and providing GLOBAL inputs into the Bank’s FCV strategy. Enhancing FCV May Improve transparency and accountability $500,000 $187,535 Operations with 2019 of World Bank projects in FCV settings Geospatial by applying the latest machine learning ICT Tools tools to current data derived using telephones, drones, and satellites. TF0B0228 Increase World Bank team and, where under Phase Two appropriate, country counterpart use of the resulting insights produced using these tools. The goal is to increase operational oversight in inaccessible areas, helping FCV teams to recognize implementation challenges earlier, and therefore take appropriate action earlier in the project cycle to increase the development effectiveness of the project. ANNEXES 45 Region Country and Start Development Grant Disbursement as of project title date objective amount June 30, 2021 GEMS+: Creating December Create a global public good for $530,000 $452,891 a Public Good 2019 clients, partners, and beneficiaries through Digital by enhancing the use of information Tools & Skills in and communications technology FCV settings and innovative methods of project preparation, implementation, and risk TF0B1637 management in FCV settings. This is under Phase Two achieved through systematic capacity- building in the use of digital open source technology for data collection and analysis that can feed into operational monitoring and evaluation, supervision, and environmental and social risk management. The grant will address operational use of simple, effective low-cost (or no-cost) technology and best practices in terms of operational monitoring and risk management procedures. Global Crisis May Support innovation in the analysis $250,000 $196,857 Risk Platform – 2020 of compound risks, foundational Measuring Crisis knowledge management, and Preparedness learning activities that will help and Sharing institutionalize the role of the Global Knowledge Crisis Risk Platform as an innovator on Crisis Risk and knowledge broker supporting all Management World Bank teams focusing on risk identification, prevention, mitigation, TF0B2827 and management. The grant supports under Phase Two two core functions of that platform: as GLOBAL catalyst of analytical innovation; and knowledge broker. This is achieved through a component dedicated to development of multidimensional crisis preparedness metrics and another to supporting foundational knowledge management work to facilitate access to relevant knowledge products for staff and clients. GEMS for COVID October Support the implementation of $480,000 $0 Response 2020 COVID-19 response operations through the application of digital M&E and TF0B4141 remote supervision mechanisms. The under Phase Two grant builds the capacities of World Bank project teams and clients to use cost-free and user-friendly ICT tools to provide time-sensitive information about operational activities, with a particular focus on those implemented in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Welfare Impacts October Inform the policy response during the $420,000 $149,450 of COVID 2020 COVID-19 crisis and prepare for the recovery in developing countries by TF0B4286 providing timely and accurate estimates under Phase Two of the impacts of the crisis on household economic welfare, including labor market outcomes. The grant provides insights into nontraditional high- frequency indicators that can track the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on measures of household economic welfare. TOTAL: GLOBAL $2,680,000 $1,473,908 46 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 ANNEX 3. CLOSED GRANTS AS OF JUNE 30, 2021 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Indonesia: December Increased capacity of Indonesia’s institutions to better use $2,071,258 National 2011 – data in policy planning. The grant supported data collection, Violence April 2015 coding, web development, and technical assistance so that Monitoring the Coordinating Ministry could use the data to inform policy System responses. Technical support was provided to Habibie Center, an Indonesian think tank tasked with producing data-based TF010265 analytical work. As a result, the National Violence Monitoring System has been validated as an effective, accurate violence Indonesia: March 2014 – response tool. It contains more than 200,000 data entries National May 2015 covering all 34 of Indonesia’s provinces, and the government, Violence academia, and civil society are all using the data to improve Monitoring national policy planning. System (Additional Financing) TF010266 Myanmar: March 2014 – Developed a better evidence base on poverty and living $459,485 Improving the April 2016 conditions in Myanmar that is credible, accepted by all Evidence Base stakeholders, and used to inform national decision-making on Poverty in the transition process by conducting the Myanmar Poverty Through Mixed and Living Conditions Survey. The World Bank implemented Methods this nationally representative household survey in cooperation with a survey firm and in collaboration with the Ministry of TF016965 National Planning and Economic Development. The grant also supported analysis of existing poverty data and a qualitative EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC field study of poverty, inequality, and mobility. Myanmar: February Deepened understanding of the socioeconomic situation $479,850 Improving 2019 – in Rakhine state for different groups, and the range of Livelihoods September interventions implemented by development partners. This and Creating 2020 involved the generation of socioeconomic profiles of various Economic townships in the state, based on a combination of existing Opportunities in administrative data and new qualitative data collected and Rakhine State collated under this grant. Furthermore, the grant financed a study of mobility restrictions in Rakhine state. Alongside a TF0A9769 under note summarizing the donor landscape there, the resulting Phase Two study allowed the team to produce notes highlighting potential interventions that the World Bank could support to enhance economic opportunities in the state. Myanmar: June 2019 – Promoted knowledge and confidence building in the education $144,153 Education December sector to inform an inclusive education strategy in Myanmar. Pilot Research 2020 The grant activities provided essential support to establish in Conflicted- a partnership between the Ministry of Education (MoE) and affected States several nonstate ethnic basic education providers (EBEPs); and supported local curriculum development in government TF0B0581 schools with a view to the teaching of local curriculum content under Phase One supported by a new language policy. Furthermore, the grant supported education pilots in three of Myanmar’s conflict- affected states: Karen, Mon, and Chin. The pilots supported the development of a roadmap for engagement between the ESOs and the MoE, and generated knowledge. A research note on Chin State, produced under the grant, maps challenges and options on language of instruction in the state—where 50 to 80 languages are spoken—and which has the highest poverty rate in Myanmar (58 percent) and some of the poorest educational outcomes. The grant has been instrumental in the design of the World Bank’s Inclusive Access and Quality Education Project (IAQEP) in Myanmar. Indicates grants with linkages to WBG operations ANNEXES 47 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Myanmar: August Enabled the Myanmar Peace Center to generate an evidence $2,953,984 Support to the 2013 – base that improves national decision-making and development Myanmar Peace December partner interventions in support of the peace process. The Process 2018 grant supported a landmark study by the Asia Foundation on the interactions between subnational conflict, aid, and TF015419 development; technical support to establish a peace-focused multidonor trust fund; launch of a Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessment in close collaboration with the United Nations and the European Union; and ongoing, real-time risk monitoring of challenges affecting the WBG portfolio. Pacific Islands: August Increased capacity and strengthened government procurement $494,661 Strengthening 2013 – and financial management systems, increased knowledge Local Capacity March and application of safeguards policies and documents, and and Project 2016 partnered with civil society organizations to increase and Implementation improve social accountability using innovative on-the-ground technical support. This grant provided direct support to 23 TF015291 World Bank projects. A lessons-learned report on strengthening capacity and building implementation in fragile and remote island states was written. Philippines: November Provided analytical and advisory support to build legitimate $469,924 Supporting 2013 – institutions in conflict-affected areas of the country, including Inclusive February developing the draft Bangsamoro Basic Law, which is crucial Peace in the 2016 to implementation of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro Bangsamoro, and the Bangsamoro Development Plan, which is informing government budgeting and donor financing TF016067 for conflict-affected Mindanao. The grant also contributed to the design and operation of the Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, which is informing more conflict-sensitive development programming, and included technical assistance EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC on the overall approach to combatant transition using a community-based reintegration approach. Philippines: October Helped build credibility and relationships of trust with clients $1,464,907 Supporting the 2014 – by providing timely support through analytical work, policy Foundations November advice, and donor coordination, focusing on citizen security, of Sustainable 2017 justice, social programs, and jobs. Grant outputs included the Peace in Mindanao Jobs Report, which will inform World Bank plans for Mindanao expanding operations in Mindanao over the next five years. The report has also been cited in the government’s new Strategic TF018382 Framework for Peace and Development in Mindanao. The Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission endorsed the Land Conflict in Mindanao study, which the grant also supported, and the study’s main recommendations were included in the commission’s report. Philippines: May 2015 - Provided support to increase access to basic financial services $66,646 Islamic Finance May 2016 in Bangsamoro, in particular Islamic financial services, to and Financial stimulate growth, jobs, and development. The grant helped Inclusion in build skills and knowledge on a matter of strategic importance Bangsamoro for cultural recognition of Muslim Filipinos by assessing access to financial services and financial inclusion, assisting TF0A0422 with development of the legal framework for Islamic finance, and helping design an Islamic microfinance pilot for possible implementation. Grant activities facilitated the counterparts’ commitment to development of a legal framework and triggered ongoing discussions on future support for improving access to finance, including through Islamic microfinance. Philippines: July Helped enhance demand-driven policy dialogue using $544,000 Bangsamoro 2016 – Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System data on matters Conflict December related to conflict and development in the proposed Monitoring 2017 Bangsamoro territory. The grant supported data collection on System violent conflict in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao from 2011 to 2016 (the data are available on a publicly TF0A1161 accessible website). The grant supported production of a report analyzing conflict trends from 2011 to 2015, and 37 policy dialogue sessions were held with various stakeholders. The grant team engaged with four Local Government Units to support conflict-sensitive development planning. 48 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Philippines: April 2020 – Increased the financial management and intergovernmental $549,605 Strengthening April 2021 policy making capacity of the Bangsamoro Transitional Resource Authority. The grant supported consultations at the Management subnational, national and international levels on financial Capability in management systems for BARMM at the national, international the Bangsamoro and subnational levels to recommend suitable systems that Autonomous would meet the region’s needs. A report was also completed Region of and delivered on the potential opportunities for additional Muslim revenue measures to be implemented by the BARMM Mindanao government, with advice on revenue management in BARMM. (BARMM) On intergovernmental relations, an advisory note was provided to the BARMM and national governments on the legal situation TF0B2576 relating to national programs delivered in the Bangsamoro under Phase One region. The project also successfully established a Technical Working Group of interested organizations to exchange information on knowledge-related activities in BARMM. Thailand: August Contributed to building confidence between communities $489,796 Expanding 2013 – and subdistrict authorities in southern Thailand through Community December participatory local development approaches and capacity Approaches 2017 building. KTF support enabled three rounds of village block in Conflict grants to all 43 communities in participating districts. Situations More than 28,600 villagers—almost 60 percent of them women—actively engaged in community-driven development TF015383 block grant processes and activities. The project expanded participatory community development planning, enhanced local authorities’ capacity to undertake participatory local development activities, and increased the ability of civil society organizations to engage in dialogue. Building on the results of this grant, the Thai government requested that the WBG EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Reimbursable Advisory Services expand community-driven development operations in all villages in southern Thailand, ensuring the project’s continuing influence. Thailand: December Strengthened confidence-building and increased engagement $494,261 Strengthening 2017 – between the state and citizens in southern Thailand by Confidence- May 2020 promoting constructive dialogue between government and Building nonstate actors, supporting civil society organizations in Measures in delivering services to vulnerable groups, and promoting Subnational learning and transfer of international experience, particularly Conflict on the community-driven design of development programs. The grant contributed to keeping the Bank as a neutral and trusted TF0A6521 partner and effective convener whose expertise is sought by both state and nonstate actors in a challenging context with a low-level insurgency. State and nonstate actors used four issue notes (livelihoods; capacity building; social accountability and grievance redress mechanisms; social and environmental safeguards) to continue applying the community-driven development approach. A component on knowledge and capacity of civil society resulted in the delivery of two training curricula, and two studies focused on ex-combatants. More than 100 government and civil society participants attended an international conference on Sharing Experience on Community-Driven Development Projects in Fragile Areas that provided international experience and technical assistance from Myanmar, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Korea. The grant also informed the design of the Socioeconomic Reintegration Project in Southern Thailand (P170730). Timor-Leste: April 2014 – Increased the capacity of the government, civil society $166,296 Support for April 2016 organizations, and communities to develop and implement Land Policy land legislation in a fair, inclusive, transparent way by supporting stakeholder and political-economy analysis of TF017208 community lands and implementing the Land Governance Assessment diagnostic tool. Support was also provided to the National Directorate for Land, Property, and Cadastral Services to implement the land law and identify options for development of livelihood opportunities. ANNEXES 49 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Timor-Leste: Tax July 2016 – Provided advice for improving the tax regulatory framework $110,875 Revenue Policy June 2018 and preliminary capacity building in support of the domestic and Capacity- revenue reform program. The grant funded a review of the Building proposed value-added tax bill and the revised taxes and duties Technical bill. It also supported development of a training program for Assistance tax officials and a series of policy advice sessions for the (Domestic Fiscal Reform Commission that increased the effectiveness Revenue of the Tax Office, improving the regulations and procedural Mobilization) codes for value-added tax and establishing a taxpayer office. Changes in government priorities after the national elections TF0A3275 limited implementation of this grant, preventing the team from completing all originally planned activities. EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC East Asia February Improved the effectiveness of World Bank efforts in fragile, $467,893 and Pacific: 2014 – conflict-prone situations by supporting discussion among Developing April 2016 development practitioners, mental health and psychosocial Tools for experts, and researchers about how sensitivity to trauma Trauma-Sensitive and psychosocial wellbeing can be integrated into projects. Livelihood An online course was developed to build the capacity of Interventions in development and humanitarian practitioners to design projects East Asia that are responsive to psychosocial and mental health needs and, in turn, contribute to better outcomes for projects. TF016645 East Asia and October Consolidated lessons from three existing violence-monitoring $472,305 Pacific: Regional 2014 – initiatives in Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines and Violence- June 2016 developed a practical methodology toolkit based on a synthesis Monitoring of lessons learned. The grant supported methodological Knowledge improvements and harmonization, established a network of Exchange violence-monitoring practitioners, and provided technical solutions to inform WBG internal and external incorporation TF018279 of conflict and violence monitoring in project and portfolio monitoring, program design, and policy formulation. TOTAL: EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC $11,899,899 Africa: Initiative August Enhanced monitoring and evaluation systems and knowledge $374,687 on Pastoralism 2015 – of the link between pastoralism development and stability for and Stability December regional organizations and programs. KTF funds helped move in the Sahel 2017 the Pastoralism and Stability in the Horn of Africa project and the Horn of forward and supported progress in two multimillion-dollar Africa IDA operations on pastoralism livelihoods development: the Pastoralism Support Project in the Sahel and the Regional TF0A1262 Pastoral Livelihoods Resilience Project in East Africa. The grant supported development of knowledge products and tools that helped project teams, government officials, and regional development agencies support pastoralist communities in mitigating conflicts in their areas while incorporating the precautionary principle of “do no harm” in all related World Bank projects and initiatives. Africa: IFC-KST December A $150,000 grant was approved to fund IFC-led activities $0 AFRICA Private Sector 2016 – aimed at examining the effectiveness of private sector Development June 2018 interventions in fragile situations in Africa, with a focus on Study effective sequencing and a view to understanding which development strategies work in complex fragile situations and TF0A4158 which do not, and thereby help to inform future interventions. However, the grant was not disbursed, and the funds were returned to the KTF account. Central African February Generated knowledge that is enabling the improvement of $417,680 Republic: 2014 – World Bank operations in the Central African Republic. The Strategic June 2016 Labor-Intensive Public Works knowledge exchange provided Early Response direct operational and strategic support to the restructuring of two ongoing World Bank projects. KTF support fed into TF016601 preparation of the World Bank Country Engagement Note to support the Central African Republic’s fragile transition and define the World Bank’s priority areas of engagement. KTF support also led to the launch of the $31 million multidonor rapid employment program that delivered 10,000 jobs. 50 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Great Lakes June Provided support to Great Lakes programs and strategies, $338,479 Region: 2014 – resulting in significant adaptations to some projects to take Promoting February conflict into account and address the causes of violence. The Peace and 2017 grant helped design a $35 million conflict transformation Stability through and land management component under the DRC-Burundi Development agriculture program and identify peacebuilders and spoilers in agricultural value chains; inform the cross-border trade project TF017533 by studying vulnerabilities and sources of resilience of actors involved in cross-border trade flows between DRC, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; identify peace- and security-related indicators for a regional monitoring and evaluation project; inform the performance learning review for DRC through a risk assessment for the eastern provinces, influencing the design of the Country Partnership Framework; and identify priority axes and communities along which early recovery and displacement projects in DRC will work. Liberia: Citizen November Assisted the Liberian government in mitigating potential $480,623 Engagement for 2013 – conflict arising from land and natural resource management. Fair, Equitable, October The grant also supported the drafting of recommendations for and Durable 2015 government to increase citizen engagement and suggested Land and inputs to the proposed Liberia Land Administration Project Natural Resource regarding land acquisition processes. Management TF015976 Mali: Immediate November Allowed the WBG to engage actively with the government of $473,586 Post-Conflict 2013 – Mali on its post-conflict response. It supported an assessment Recovery October of needs and priorities and a monitoring system to assess Support 2015 progress on peace and development over time. Introduction of Initiative the Joint Assessment Mission in 2015 was the first attempt to pilot the new framework and methodology for recovery AFRICA TF016090 and peacebuilding assessments. The experience in Mali has allowed the European Union, United Nations, and WBG to strengthen this framework, which has since become a core tool in the international response to conflict. Western Africa: July 2018 – Increased the participation, accountability, and transparency $177,009 Community May 2020 of the World Bank’s Mali and Niger portfolios. The first Monitoring and completed component, Note on ICT-Based Community Strengthening Monitoring, detailed capacity-building support provided Citizen for specific task teams and project implementing units for Engagement ongoing projects. Specifically, a series of capacity-building Capacities workshops on community monitoring mechanisms with a focus of Social on ICT-based solutions targeting project implementing units Intermediaries in and other implementing entities (e.g., local nongovernmental Mali and Niger organizations) was conducted, including continuous technical advice and input to the project design and implementation TF0A7835 processes. A second deliverable, Strengthening Citizen Engagement Capacities of Social Intermediaries, maps formal and informal social intermediaries active within locations of Bank-financed projects in Mali and Niger with the goal of informing the Bank’s citizen engagement and social accountability interventions. A crucial finding was that the rapid pace of social change in the two countries has put enormous strain on social intermediaries, fragmenting them, and rendering them less able to mediate on behalf of the entire community. Their roles and legitimacy in local communities are rapidly weakening, especially among young people. Sierra April 2014 – Contributed to the design of a more conflict-sensitive mining $471,862 Leone: Local April 2016 sector in Sierra Leone by developing an overarching policy and Development addressing control of mining resources by chiefs—an identified Partnerships source of fragility. The grant provided technical assistance to a for Mining working group that produced a model Community Development Agreement that the National Minerals Agency then worked to TF017106 adapt and implement. KTF support helped shape the overall policy discussion on governance of the minerals sector and policy and implementation arrangements for community development agreements. ANNEXES 51 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title South October Supported an impact evaluation of a cash grant for youth $442,757 Sudan: Youth 2013 – on their livelihoods, education, and other socioeconomic Employment April 2016 indicators. The program was implemented in the least-conflict- affected regions in South Sudan and entailed life-skill and TF015917 business training and a grant of $1,000 per beneficiary. The project contributed to more-detailed knowledge of the labor situation of youth in South Sudan. Sub-Saharan October Improved the knowledge base and quality of data for informing $474,250 AFRICA Africa: Jobs and 2013 – employment policies and operations (e.g., Labor-intensive Job Creation March Works Project, Youth Employment Project in Sierra Leone) in Fragile and 2016 in a subset of fragile and conflict-affected states in Africa. Conflict-Affected The grant supported three country jobs reports (Côte d’Ivoire, States Sierra Leone, Liberia) and a presentation of findings from the research, which have already informed a range of analytical, TF015749 operational, and strategic activities in Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone (also in Liberia, albeit to a lesser extent there because the relevant report was completed more recently). The activity informed or initiated broader employment engagement in all three countries. TOTAL: AFRICA $3,650,933 Europe and January Increased the capacity of the governments of Bosnia and $483,760 Central Asia: 2014 – Herzegovina, Kosovo, Georgia, South Africa, Colombia, Nepal, Addressing Land May Kenya, and Côte d'Ivoire to provide inclusive, equitable and Conflict 2016 land administration systems and land restitution processes, Issues in Eastern sensitizing the governments to the special needs of vulnerable Europe and groups in FCV settings. The concept of land leasing programs, Central Asia social monitoring and vulnerability mapping, and sensitization on women’s property rights were piloted and developed to TF016513 benefit the relevant WBG land operations in Europe and Central Asia. Moldova/ March Supported a series of workshops and capacity-building events $165,014 Transnistria: 2014 – aimed at closing knowledge gaps and thereby enhance the Knowledge for September confidence-building process, including pilot programs with Confidence 2017 communities on both banks of the Nistru River. A note was Building produced on the strategic and operational challenges of working in the Transnistria region of the Republic of Moldova, TF016849 highlighting shifting power relations between the authorities of Transnistria and the process of negotiating with the sovereign government to work with the break-away regions of the country. This note provided valuable guidance for WBG teams on working in conditions of frozen conflicts. Western Balkans: October Supported fiscal institutions of Western Balkan countries $239,331 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Strengthening 2017 – (Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia) by Fiscal July 2019 refining their approach to fiscal rules through a diagnostic Institutions to review that included an institutional assessment, innovative Build Resilience opinion survey, and quantitative analysis; providing country- specific advisory and technical assistance work to support TF0A5927 the governments in their efforts to reform the existing rules; convening a 1-day workshop (Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils—Options to Ensure Fiscal Sustainability) for senior fiscal policy officials from the Western Balkans, fiscal council representatives, and donor, multilateral development bank, and development partner representatives. There was cross-country generation and sharing of knowledge on practical approaches to designing fiscal rules and on experiences and challenges regarding fiscal council implementation. Specifically, the capacity of technical officials in Kosovo to design, monitor, and implement fiscal rules and councils was strengthened. Kyrgyz Republic April 2014 – Enhanced understanding of grievance redress mechanisms $461,003 and Tajikistan: April 2016 as a way for operations to respond to beneficiary feedback Citizen in Central Asia; developed a citizen engagement Country Engagement for Roadmap in Kyrgyz Republic; improved the design of citizen Better State- engagement in investment financing operations; and developed Society Relations tools for citizen engagement in the education and energy sectors in Kyrgyz Republic. This grant leveraged significant TF016843 additional funds for sector activity through a partnership between the World Bank ($3 million) and the Aga Khan Foundation ($500,000). In addition, the grant resulted in a commitment from the World Bank Country Management Unit to continue financing the mainstreaming of citizen engagement, as well as the expansion of citizen engagement work to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Several European and Central Asian countries adopted a pilot of the Kyrgyz Republic Country Roadmap for citizen engagement. 52 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Kyrgyz Republic: September Provided evidence-based research on local-level drivers of $299,816 Developing 2019 – violent extremism in Kyrgyz Republic and recommended Approaches April 2021 development interventions to support client governments in for Preventing preventing violent extremism. The grant supported a study on Violent Fostering Cohesive and Resilient Communities in the Kyrgyz Extremism in Republic. The study presents findings from robust mixed EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Central Asia methods research and provides policy recommendations that are expected to inform the upcoming Country Partnership TF0B0831 Framework, in view of strengthening the resilience of fragile under Phase One border areas not far from Afghanistan. The methodology included a phone-based national survey to more than 5,000 respondents analyzed through four samples (i.e. Uzbek border areas; youth), with experiments to obtain honest responses on sensitive topics such as support for radical groups and in-depth qualitative interviews identified through convenience and snowball sampling. The study generated evidence-based knowledge in a seldom studied field and provided critical evidence to define a coherent development approach to violent extremism in the region and lay the groundwork for development operations focused on prevention. TOTAL: EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA $1,648,923 Colombia: March Increased government capacity to make informed decisions for $387,302 Peace Process 2014 – peacebuilding policies and implementation mechanisms by Implementation December developing a framework for understanding the peacebuilding Support 2015 exercise in Colombia; technical review of the reintegration policy and approach to inform a potential disarmament, TF016910 demobilization, and reintegration program for Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ex-combatants; and a study on how public policy can effectively address crime and violence in the aftermath of an armed conflict. The project also increased LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN understanding of the role of civil society in peacebuilding processes and in building trust in state institutions. The knowledge that the activities generated supported a policy dialogue with the government during the transition to peace and promoted the WBG role as a trusted knowledge broker in peace and development interventions. Haiti: Political October Increased the effectiveness of World Bank operations in $435,881 Economy 2014 – the electricity and education sectors in Haiti. The improved Analysis April 2016 understanding of stakeholders in the electricity sector, their and Social interests, and their effect have helped the electricity sector Accountability expand renewables and off-grid solutions (with two new energy Pilot projects focusing on those alternative approaches accordingly). In education, the inspection analysis and net mapping of TF018584 stakeholders generated knowledge that sector teams used to inform technical assistance on improving education quality. All the main activities under the Social Accountability Pilot were adopted and expanded in a new education project to enhance the effect of the project on learning outcomes. TOTAL: LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $823,183 Middle East May 2014 – Designed and implemented citizen engagement activities in $449,548 and North December conflict and postconflict contexts. The grant deepened citizen MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Africa Citizen 2017 engagement in WBG operations in countries experiencing FCV, Engagement increasing knowledge on the part of clients, partners, and the WBG in the Middle East and North Africa and in South TF017467 Asia. The work contributed to tangible changes in projects and programs and generated demand from new clients for peer-to-peer exchanges and resulted in development of the Collaboration for Development platform, which serves as a vehicle for knowledge dissemination between Bank staff and clients. This platform connects clients and Bank staff each time new training takes place. The grant activities generated significant interest among clients to finance their own dissemination activities based on activities supported under the KTF, reflecting increased client ownership. TOTAL: MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA $449,548 ANNEXES 53 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Afghanistan: May 2014 – Informed preparation of the Afghanistan Extractives for $390,662 Understanding May 2016 Development project with an assessment of the drivers the Drivers of conflict along the extractive industry value chain. The of Peace and grievance redress-related work was useful in supporting the Security in government in meeting its safeguard obligations under the Extractive Sustainable Development of Natural Resources project, under Industries Sector which 310 male and 237 female workers were trained on grievance redress mechanisms and conflict mitigation. TF017381 Pakistan: Social February Supported civic inclusion and economic empowerment of $733,803 and Economic 2017 – young men and women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by promoting Empowerment of June 2018 ICT-based solutions. The grant supported development of eight Youth Through digital skills courses in fields ranging from basic digital literacy ICT-Based and graphic design to advanced computer programming and Solutions developed models for community-led co-working spaces and in Khyber incubator facilities; three spaces are now operational, with Pakhtunkhwa more than 30 youth members per facility. The grant provided technical assistance to and monitoring of the provincial Youth TF0A4397 Employment Program and Digital Ambassadors programs, which trained more than 5,000 youth in 2018. In addition, the grant helped develop Pakistan’s first provincial digital strategy, SOUTH ASIA which has mobilized support of $2 million from donors and $450,000 from the private sector; 75,000 jobs in the digital economy are expected to be created in the province by 2020. The grant activities in turn informed the design of the Digital Jobs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa operation and the upcoming Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cities and Digital Transformation project. South Asia: April 2014 – Generated knowledge on effective engagement strategies $349,959 Framing March 2015 and approaches for delivering services and building effective Responses to institutions in low-capacity, conflict-affected, and fragile areas State Fragility in in South Asia. The grant made an important contribution South Asia to knowledge about how subnational political settlements and elite bargains can affect service delivery outcomes. The TF017105 outcomes of the research influenced World Bank country and sector strategies, and aspects of the findings were integrated into the Afghanistan Country Partnership Framework for fiscal years 2016 to 2020. South Asia: September Increased knowledge of male gender issues in development $389,835 Men As Agents 2013 – and contributed to the knowledge base for programming. of Change March A global symposium, Men, Peace, and Security: Agents for Peace 2015 of Change, was organized to bring together and train 245 and Security participants, many from fragile states, on topics related to Knowledge men, peace, and security. Follow-up research examined how Product job creation programs can be improved by examining the links between male identity and employment and income generation TF015593 for young people around the world. The grant also contributed to development of the WEvolve campaign, in particular its focus on understanding and responding to male gender issues. TOTAL: SOUTH ASIA $1,864,259 Designing and October Contributed knowledge on forced displacement around the $408,628 Implementing 2013 – globe and resulted in uptake of recommendations in major Displacement- April 2016 WBG initiatives and operations, particularly in the DRC and Sensitive Great Lakes region, including informing the design of a $20 Development million IDA operation on Displaced Persons and Border Interventions Communities in Africa. The household survey in Mali has become a precedent for WBG work on forced displacement, GLOBAL TF015822 incorporating innovative technological methods such as mobile phone surveys. The study in Afghanistan has become a basis for increased investments by the country management unit in displacement operations. Studies that this grant has funded have also been incorporated into government discussions to design policies to address the development challenges of forced displacement, particularly in the regional initiative in the Great Lakes region. 54 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Korea- February Supported knowledge exchange on rural development $74,429 Afghanistan- 2016 – between Afghanistan, Korea, and four countries affected by FCS Countries May 2017 fragility and conflict to conceptualize potential approaches to Knowledge improving community-driven development efforts based on Exchange the implementation experiences and results of the Saemaul on Rural Undong program. At the knowledge exchange event in June Development 2016, participants from the participating countries and representatives of nine Korean institutions laid the basis for TF0A2150 continuing dialogue between at least three of the participating countries (Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal). The grant also supported a stocktaking of community-driven development in FCV contexts with a focus on four of the participating programs. Risk Factors of August Provided an empirical analysis of the resilience factors of $259,987 Violent Conflict 2016 – violent conflicts, which is essential for analyzing policies and and Deviation September programs that can effectively support conflict prevention. This from Expected 2017 analysis fed into a flagship study on development intervention Outcome for prevention of violent conflicts. Extensive regional consultations in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and North TF0A3382 Africa, and Southeast Asia informed the study. It made a case for placing prevention at the center of development efforts— ending with recommendations for national governments, international organizations, and other relevant actors—and has begun to influence the global policy debate on prevention. Improving January Provided capacity building to environmental regulators from $263,118 Professional 2014 – FCV-affected countries and produced a toolkit with practical and Regulatory December tips to improve professional and regulatory safeguards capacity Safeguards 2015 in FCS. Twenty-five environmental regulators from 10 FCV- Capacity in FCS affected countries (Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, by Building Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Skills through Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan) were trained at a one-week South-South intensive workshop consisting of presentations, discussions, Staff Exchange participatory exercises, field trips, and country case studies. The materials processed and collected during the workshop TF016437 were captured in a toolkit. GLOBAL Surmounting May 2015 – Provided insight into the intersection of macroeconomic and $84,288 Conflict and April 2016 political science approaches to conflict by supporting an Fragility analytical study that examined factors that allow countries to recover economically from conflict. The study revealed TF0A0364 that economic growth before and after conflict in countries with conflict seems, on average, only marginally lower than in countries without conflict and that cycles of violence are therefore clearly the single most important reason for the lack of long-term development in these countries. The study described political violence as a leading cause of extreme volatility and highlighted corollaries of this in more detail by examining political exclusion. Dissemination July 2016 – Provided support for the Paths Between Peace and Public $25,935 of Study on December Service report, published in 2019. The study reviewed post- Rebuilding 2017 conflict trajectories in Afghanistan, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Public Services South Sudan, and Timor-Leste and efforts by development in Post-Conflict partners to rebuild public services. The study’s primary Countries message is that, rather than continuing to invest in strategies that ignore or resist political forces and capacity limitations, TF0A2974 donors should accept and anticipate these pressures and pragmatically pursue ostensibly second-best policies that further long-term state-building within a realistically limited margin of maneuver. The study also recommended that development partners design parallel project structures for long-term capacity building. Learning March 2014 – Supported efforts to deepen client and Bank knowledge on $417,825 on SGBV in June 2018 addressing Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) in Operations situations of FCV. This grant enabled learning tours in Papua New Guinea and Nepal to identify regional best practices and TF017536 strengthen research and knowledge-sharing regarding SGBV. Findings included the need to frame SGBV policies using a comprehensive response; a long-term, sustainable timeframe; flexibility in methods; engagement of multiple actors at different institutional and social levels; and meeting the needs of survivors. The initiative required secretaries of sectoral ministries and prime ministers of each participating nation to promote and develop policy frameworks related to SBGV. ANNEXES 55 Region Country & Duration Results achieved Grant amount project title Dissemination March Supported dissemination of critical findings and $98,631 of the United 2018 – recommendations of the United Nations–World Bank Nations–World December flagship report, Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches Bank Flagship 2018 to Preventing Violent Conflict, in East and Southeast Asia, Report Pathways to a broad audience of policymakers, agencies involved in for Peace peacebuilding processes, and academics, with an emphasis on engaging in concrete discussions on the operationalization TF0A7226 of the report’s recommendations. The report dissemination events were held in Bangkok, Beijing, Seoul, and Jakarta. The Seoul dissemination event took place in October 2018 and was cohosted with Yonsei University. The grant also supported communications products for dissemination in Asia, including a website, multimedia products, and printed materials. Systematic May 2018 – Provided support to launch the GEMS to systematically $475,512 Implementation October 2019 enhance monitoring and evaluation, supervision, and third- of ICT-based party monitoring in FCV settings. The grant supported capacity Support for FCV building in clients, partners, and Bank teams around the world to leverage field-appropriate, low-cost, and open source TF0A7567 technology for real-time digital data collection and analysis. By the close of the grant, GEMS had been implemented in approximately 30 countries, with more than 350 project teams and 2,000 client staff being trained. Given significant demand from clients and within the WBG, GEMS was extended and expanded in scope and has become the core of an IDA19 Policy Commitment. In line with the WBG FCV strategy, GEMS is being implemented in IDA countries on the FCS list. Strengthening January Approach shifted from a narrow focus on cross-border trade $266,298 Cross-Border 2018 – in the context of FCV to a broader focus on supporting Trade and Value June 2020 entrepreneurship in areas experiencing FCV. An operational Chains in FCV guidance report was produced outlining characteristics in Environments: countries experiencing FCV, challenges facing entrepreneurs Democratic in those countries, and analysis of the types of interventions Republic of that could be deployed in various contexts. The report explores Congo (DRC) how to build a more supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem and Haiti and enabling environment for all entrepreneurs in countries experiencing FCV. The report categorized and reviewed TF0A7742 World Bank and IFC experience in entrepreneurial support GLOBAL interventions to highlight the range, effects of, and lessons learned from these interventions. Case studies on DRC and Haiti were used for illustrations throughout the report, and a detailed DRC case is featured in the report annex. The activity also supported the projects ‘DRC – SME Development and Growth’, ‘Lebanon – Social Enterprise Support’, and ‘National Agricultural Productivity Program in the DRC’, while generating interest in other teams working in the context of FCV. Building an April 2019 – Supported a dynamic, inclusive consultation process $334,227 Inclusive April 2020 for development of the WBG FCV strategy. A robust, Consultations comprehensive global process was conducted with a Process for wide range of FCV actors, such as: shareholder and client the WBG FCV governments; international financial organizations and Strategy international organizations; global, regional, and national civil society organizations; policymakers; and practitioners. TF0B0213 Consultations gathered stakeholders’ insights into country under Phase One and regional perspectives, global lessons learned, and good practices, in order to create an open space that enriches the final deliverable by providing specific country examples. Operationalizing July 2020 – Supported WB efforts to mitigate potential severe food $182,063 the Famine June 2021 insecurity well before crises emerge. The grant developed Action a first-of-its-kind guidance note on good principles for Mechanism in governments when developing Food Security Crisis Five ‘First Mover’ Preparedness Plans (FSCPP); supported country teams to Countries develop FSCPPs as part of the IDA CRW ERF; and developed a food security-informed portfolio review for the Chad country TF0B1687 team, which examined 15 projects and included interviews under Phase One with the associated project teams to assess the readiness and potential gaps in the Bank’s portfolio for responding to future food security crisis risk. Finally, the grant helped increase the Bank’s collective understanding of country exposure to food security crisis risks and supported broader efforts to mobilize additional support for early action. The grant has helped update advanced modeling work to demonstrate that conditions seriously threatening food security are encountered with unprecedented frequency in far too many countries—work recently highlighted in the Board paper, “Responding to the Emerging Food Security Crisis.” TOTAL: GLOBAL $2,890,941 56 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 ANNEX 4. PHASE ONE RESULTS FRAMEWORK KTF OBJECTIVE: Contributes to knowledge and learning for improved operations FUND-LEVEL RESULTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Transformative Partnerships New Timely support Catalytic Contributes fragility- are approaches for early support to knowledge sensitive strengthened to risk and confidence provided and learning strategy results in FCV building for early for improved supported piloted confidence operations building KTF CONTRIBUTIONS TO COUNTRY/REGIONAL-LEVEL RESULTS STATE-BUILDING PEACE-BUILDING 2.1 2.4 3.1 3.4 More effective, Increase in demand- Increased employment Gender-sensitive transparent and side governance, opportunities and approaches utilized in accountable collection, including an active role private sector transforming institutions management and use of for civil society and development that and managing stresses public resources improved state-society benefits at-risk relations populations 2.2 2.5 3.2 3.5 Increased access to Improved capacity to Successfully negotiated Resilience built to justice, including delivery services to and implemented manage external capability, promote confidence peace and transition stresses, including accountability, inclusion building agreements cross-border violence, in both formal and resource shocks, informal institutions trafficking, and organized crime 2.3 3.3 Improved capacity Recovery and for policy formulation (re-)integration of “inclusive-enough” conflict affected pacts and strategic populations and communication increased social cohesion ANNEXES 57 ANNEX 5. PHASE TWO RESULTS FRAMEWORK Unit of Baseline Results as of End Measure (K-FCV-1) June 30, 2021 Target DO-LEVEL RESULTS INDICATOR Indicator A: Ministerial-level acknowledgement letter of the impact of the K-FCV at grant Percentage 0 – 70 completion1 Indicator B: K-FCV grants allocated to countries in Percentage 62 66 75 Asia and the Pacific (in $ volume)2 Indicator C: Engagement with international and Number 8 18 20 local Non-Governmental Organizations INTERMEDIATE RESULTS INDICATORS Area 1: Operational support for FCV-sensitive strategies and operations Indicator 1.1: WB lending operations directly Number 6 29 15 supported through preparation, implementation US$ million 180 3,487 750 and/or supervision3 Beneficiaries 967,343 25,036,200 XXX Indicator 1.2: Operational missions of FCV staff Number 60 91 450 from/through/to Korea (days)4 Area 2: Innovative engagements for development in FCV Indicator 2.1: WB operations building on innovative ICT technologies for preparation, Number 0 11 10 implementation and/or supervision Indicator 2.2: Korean actors providing technical Percentage 0 45 60 advice for the above WB operations Area 3: Management of crisis risk Indicator 3.1: Crisis management tools designed Number 1 5 10 and/or their enhanced application Indicator 3.2: Asia/Pacific focal point for the Number 0 1 1 GCRP based in WB Korea Office (WB-KO) Note: Results as of June 30, 2021 for grants in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Annual Business Plans under Phase Two. 1 This acknowledgement was pending at the end of the reporting period and therefore is not included here. This will be reported in the next KTF Annual Report. 2 Does not include Global grants with activities in Asia and the Pacific. 3 Results for this indicator do not include operations supported under the GEMS initiative, which has reached over 400 lending operations with support for preparation, implementation, and supervision. 4 Due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, no operational missions took place in the reporting period. 58 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 ANNEX 6. LIST OF PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED IN PHASE ONE AND PHASE TWO Partnership Year Partner Content Facilitating 2013 KDI School Two annual events in Seoul to facilitate dialogue between the G20 and dialogue with and g7+ group: G20 and g7+ 2014 n 2013: The program brought together representatives from the G20 •I Group of and g7+ to attend a Global Leadership Course on the G20 and Peace- Fragile States building. The participants shared experiences in overcoming challenges to achieving peace- building, state building, and global sustainable development. Korea’s development experience was shared as part of this course; and n 2014: a roundtable discussion was organized between members of •I the G20 and g7+ group to discuss challenges of growth, employment and infrastructure in advance of the G20 summit in Brisbane. Korea Week 2015 Export-Import A side event on “Perspectives on Economic Transitions” was organized in Bank of Korea; Seoul as part of the Korea Week 2015. The event brought together Korean Korea Institute and World Bank Group (WBG) experts on transitional economies and post- for International conflict recovery to discuss lessons learned and implications for Economic Policy; new transitions. Seoul National University BBL on 2016 Yonsei and Korea A Brown Bag Lunch (BBL) in Washington, D.C. was organized as a follow- “Perspectives University up to the side event organized as part of Korea Week in 2015. The BBL on Economic brought together experts from Korea University and Yonsei University to Transitions” discuss their work and implications for WB operations. Knowledge 2016 KDI School The event brought together 14 government representatives from Exchange on Afghanistan, Kenya, Myanmar, Nepal, and the Philippines, as well as Community- experts from Korean institutions and WB staff. The exchange focused on driven sharing lessons learned from the Korean development experience and Development promoting peer-to-peer learning among FCV countries. Knowledge 2016 Korea Statistics Two KOSTAT staff joined the g7+ meeting in Nairobi to share the Korean sharing of experience of developing a statistical data management system. This Korea’s data offered insights for g7+ countries on the development of information management management systems for tracking and monitoring the SDGs. system Knowledge 2016 Korean Institute KTF supported the publication of Rebuilding Public Services in Post dissemination for Public Conflict Countries. The study was disseminated at a joint workshop with workshop Administration the Korean Institute for Public Administration. Participation 2017 Korea Association KTF facilitated participation of a Korean doctoral researcher affiliated of a Korean of International with the Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation researcher Development and (KAIDEC) in Pathways for Peace research. The researcher, based at on research Cooperation Princeton University, was part of the team carrying out the research contributing to commissioned for the Pathways for Peace report. the Pathways for Peace report Dissemination 2018 Yonsei University As part of the Pathways for Peace dissemination tour in Asia, a event of the dissemination event was co-hosted in Korea with Yonsei University. Pathways for The event was also co-sponsored by MOEF and MOFA, and consisted of Peace report a public event (150+ attendees) and three side events covering different topics of relevance to the study (humanitarian-development-peace nexus, gender, and private sector). Responsible 2018 Korea Chamber of The IFC FCS Africa team presented to Korean businesses some preliminary Business in High Commerce findings of the KTF-facilitated “Private Sector Development in Fragile and Risk Areas Conflict States” study, as well as a complementary study of China, Japan, and Korea’s corporate engagement in FCS countries in Africa. WBG FCV Global 2019 The FCV Group organized a series of consultations in Seoul on the WBG Consultation FCV Strategy. The WBG FCV Strategy concept note was presented, and the participants provided recommendations and feedback. The consultation reached more than 40 representatives of the Korean government, research institutions, civil society organizations, academia, and the private sector. Inputs received from these consultations informed the development of the WBG FCV Strategy. ANNEXES 59 Partnership Year Partner Content FCV workshop 2019 Export-Import The FCV Group organized a technical workshop introducing WBG Bank of Korea; approaches to FCV-affected situations. The workshop provided an overview Korea International of the WBG’s global commitments and approaches in addressing FCV Cooperation situations, and specifically focused on Risk and Resilience Assessments Agency; and several and Geo-enabled Monitoring and Supervision. The workshop was attended universities, NGOs by around 30 participants from the Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM); and CSOs Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA); universities; and NGOs and CSOs currently working on FCV situations. BBL on 2019 Korea Telecom As part of the WBG Korea’s BBL Series, a seminar was convened in Seoul “Leveraging Big on the use of ICT innovations for operations in FCV contexts. This BBL Data and ICT- featured two KTF-supported grants: “Geo-enabling Initiative for Monitoring based Innovative and Supervision” (managed by the FCV Group), and “Enhancing FCV Solutions for operations with Geospatial ICT Tools” (managed by the Geospatial FCV-affected Operational Support Team). The session also introduced the Global Situations” Epidemic Prevention Platform developed by Korea Telecom (KT) as part of their social responsibility initiative. Conference on 2019 KDI School As part of the “Strengthening Confidence-Building Measures in Community- Subnational Conflict” project, the International Conference on Community- driven Driven Development and Peace Building in Fragile Areas was organized Development by the Southern Border Provinces Administrative Centre of Thailand and (CDD) in East the WBG in June 2019 in Pattani, Thailand. The conference benefited Asia’s FCV from the participation of and partnership with KDI School of Public Policy Settings and Management. Professor Taejung Kim from the KDI School presented Korea’s ODA-funded activities in Myanmar, with a focus on those that applied the Korean CDD approach. Knowledge 2019 - Rural Development The “Water-Saving, Climate Smart Frontier Agriculture in Africa’s FCV Generation 2021 Administration Context” project harnesses technological solutions in the agriculture sector and Exchange to potentially increase food security and nutrition in FCV settings. The with Korean project team visited Korea twice—in August and December 2019—and stakeholders benefited from advice and knowledge from Korean actors including the on Innovative Korean government, especially the Rural Development Administration Technologies in (RDA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy and Agriculture Finance. In partnership with RDA, the team visited several insect farming sites and processing facilities, and Korea’s experience of fostering the insect industry informed a WB Publication on Insects and Hydroponics in Africa: The New Circular Food Economy. Based on this partnership, the WB continues to partner with RDA to provide training to rural farmers in South Sudan through a subsequent KTF grant, Reducing Hunger Risk in South Sudan. Responses to 2020 - Seoul National An expert advisory group was formed to contribute to quality assurance FCV Issues in 2021 University; Korea on the “Developing FCV Approaches in Middle- income Countries Middle-Income Association of (MICs)” project. It consists of World Bank experts and external members Countries International representing academia, policy institutions and donor agencies. Dr. Huck-ju Development and Kwon, Professor at Seoul National University and President of the Korea Cooperation Association of International Development and Cooperation (KAIDAC), is a member of the advisory group, and will help guide the team as it moves forward with data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Korea 2020 Ministry of Korea Innovation Week was held at the WBG headquarters in Washington, Innovation Week Economy and D.C., February 18–20, 2020. The delegation from Korea of around 140 Finance officials was led by Yongbeom Kim, First Vice Minister of Ministry of Economy and Finance (MOEF). Two KTF grants, “People-centric Digital Services for Peace and Inclusion in Myanmar” and “Water-Saving, Climate-Smart Frontier Agriculture Technologies for FCV-affected Populations and Countries in Africa”, were introduced at the thematic workshops. Signing of 2020 Korea Telecom The WBG and Korea Telecom (KT), one of Korea’s leading Memorandum of telecommunications companies, signed an MoU to enhance partnership Understanding between the two institutions. The MoU covers cooperation between the (MoU) between two institutions on artificial intelligence and Big Data-based solutions for World Bank developing countries, including FCV-affected countries. The contribution Group and from the FCV team in Korea was critical in developing the partnership and Korea Telecom facilitating the signing of the MoU between the two institutions. 60 | Korea Trust Fund Annual Report 2020-2021 Partnership Year Partner Content Knowledge 2020 Korea Centers for As part of the WBG Korea Office innovation and technology webinar Sharing Disease Control series, the FCV team in Korea together with the WBG Korea Office jointly on Korea’s and Prevention; organized a webinar on “Responding to COVID-19: Early Lessons from Responses to National Korea & Global Partnerships on Innovation and Technology”. The event COVID-19 Information brought together experts from the Korea Centers for Disease Control Society Agency; and Prevention, the National Information Society Agency, the Gates Korea Telecom Foundation, and Korea Telecom to discuss early lessons, including the use of innovative and technology-enabled solutions, as well as the potential for global partnerships to address the pandemic. At the webinar, Bernhard Metz, Senior Operations Officer from the FCV Group, presented the WB’s application of Geo-enabling Initiative for Monitoring and Supervision (GEMS) in the context of COVID-19, a project that is financed through the KTF. Knowledge 2021 Korea Land As part of KTF grant, “Geospatial Response to COVID in India and exchange with and Geospatial Pakistan”, a virtual technical exchange workshop with Korean experts took Korea on Korea’s Informatix place on April 28, 2021. During this workshop LX shared the trajectory spatial data Corporation (LX); of Korea’s spatial data infrastructure, modernization of land records, and infrastructure, Data Alliance eGovernment service with clients. Data Alliance, a leading consulting eGovernment firm of the Smart City Platform in Korea, shared Korea’s experience services, and in leveraging geospatial technologies and the Smart City Data Hub in Smart City response to COVID-19. Lessons learned from Korea provided a broad Platform and robust strategy for designing a geospatial foundation and systems. Data Alliance will continue to work with the KTF project team to provide technical input to develop the technical roadmap for establishing a solid Spatial Data Infrastructure. Joint analysis on 2021 KDI School The “Welfare Impacts of COVID” grant partnered with the KDI School to Welfare Impacts develop three working papers to inform the policy responses during the of COVID COVID-19 crisis and prepare for the recovery. The three working papers focus on the following topics:  he Welfare Implications of COVID-19 for Fragile and •T Conflict-affected Regions  • How well did real-time indicators track the economic impacts of COVID-19?  ow well did real-time indicators track the labor market •H impacts of COVID-19? Data Inputs 2021 SI Imaging The “Enhancing FCV Operations with Geospatial ICT tools” grant procured for Use in data inputs from SI Imaging Services, a Korean imagery firm, for two WBG WB Lending lending operations: Cameroon: Inclusive and Resilient Cities Development Operations Project (P156210) and Douala Urban Mobility Project (P167795). The satellite imagery has facilitated remote monitoring of changes in the project implementation site over time. ANNEXES 61 © 2022 The World Bank Group All rights reserved. Disclaimer This paper has not undergone the review accorded to official World Bank publications. 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Graphic Design Gimga Group Photo Credits World Bank Allison Kwesell / World Bank Alison Ofotalau / World Bank Ray Witlin / World Bank Save the Children Philippines Natalia Cieslik / World Bank Zacharey Austin Carmichael / World Bank Markus Kostner / World Bank Tom Cheatham / World Bank Contact For more information on the work of the Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions, please contact: KTF Secretariat | Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Group Headquarters The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, D.C. 20433 USA E-mail: k-fcv@worldbank.org Web Address: www.worldbank.org/en/programs/korea-trust-fund The Korea Trust Fund for Economic and Peace-Building Transitions (KTF) is a global fund to finance critical development operations and analysis in situations of fragility, conflict and violence. The KTF is kindly supported by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Republic of Korea.