1 Publications in this Study India: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Nepal: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Pakistan: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Technical Guidance Report: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan Good Practice Options for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan Supporting the Development of Sustainable Solid Waste Management Strategies for the Mountainous Regions of India, Nepal and Pakistan Knowledge Exchange: Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices in Mountain Areas February 2021 SAR ENB © 2021 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of the World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2021. Knowledge Exchange: Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices in Mountain Areas. Washington, DC: The World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA Fax: 202-522-2625; E-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. © All photos in this report taken by Naysa Ahuja and K-eco. Report design and layout: ShahRukh, SmarTek, Islamabad, Pakistan. Table of Contents Acknowledgements�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Abbreviations��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v Background�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Objective�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Summary of Site Visits ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Day 1 - Monday, December 2, 2019������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Key Takeaways from Day 1������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Day 2 - Tuesday, December 3, 2019�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Key Takeaways from Day 2�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Day 3 - Wednesday, December 4, 2019��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Key Takeaways from Day 3�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Day 4 - Thursday, December 5, 2019��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Key Takeaways from Day 4����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Day 5 - Friday, December 6, 2019��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Key Takeaways from the Country Presentations ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 Conclusion�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Appendix 1: Knowledge Exchange Agenda��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Appendix 2: List of Participants���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Appendix 3: Presentation by the India Delegation������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 Appendix 4: Presentation by the Nepal Delegation��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 Appendix 5: Presentation by the Pakistan Delegation�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 Appendix 6: Additional Information about the Sites Visited��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 i Photos 1. Participants providing feedback at the opening event ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 2. Presentation on SWM policy by K-eco����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 3. World Bank SAR ENB team with the KE participants�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 4. Dr. Keeyoung Yoo speaking on municipal waste management in Seoul������������������������������������������������� 4 5. World Bank SAR ENB team, KE participants, and representative from K-eco at the Seoul Institute�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 6. Q&A session at The Seoul Institute���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 7. Visit to Sudokwon Landfill Site�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 8. Visit to Sudokwon Landfill Site�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 9. Visit to Mapo-gu Waste Incinerator Plant��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 10. Visit to ‘clean house’ in apartment complex��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 11. Discussion on the making and use of SRF at Bucheon Waste Treatment Plant����������������������������������7 12. Visit to Seoraksan National Park Information Center������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 13. Visit to the campsite at Seoraksan National Park��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 14. Closing session at KECC office��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 ii Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the World Bank as part of Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) on Solid Waste Management in the Mountainous Regions of India, Nepal and Pakistan, and is part of a series of Knowledge Products on the topic. The effort was generously funded by the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF), a partnership between the World Bank Group and the Republic of Korea. The report was prepared by a core team comprising Rahat Jabeen (Environmental Specialist and Co-TTL, Pakistan focal point), Pyush Dogra (Senior Environmental Specialist and Co-TTL, India focal point), Drona Raj Ghimire (Senior Environmental Specialist and Co-TTL, Nepal focal point), and Naysa Ahuja (Consultant, Environmental Governance Specialist). Contributions were also received from Marcelo Hector Acerbi (Senior Environmental Specialist) and Harinath Sesha Appalarajugari (Senior Environmental Engineer).   The team is grateful for the overall support, guidance, and facilitation of technical partners consisting of officers and staff of Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), including Dr. Chang-hwan Cho, and their local partners, during their field visits to India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The report benefited greatly from discussions between relevant ministries and public office holders and the delegates from the three countries during the Knowledge Exchange visit to the Republic of Korea. The team thanks Poonam Rohatgi for production management and logistical support for the Knowledge Exchange.  This report was edited by Perinaz Bhada-Tata and Farahnaz Zahidi Moazzam, for which the team is thankful. The study was prepared under the guidance of Christophe Crepin (Practice Manager, SSAEN). The team would also like to thank Kseniya Lvovsky and Lia Carol Sieghart (Practice Managers, World Bank) for their encouragement and support. The team gratefully acknowledges Eun Joo Allison Yi, Hyoung Gun Wang (KGGTF Program Manager), John Hosung Lee, Hanul Oh, and the rest of the KGGTF team for their continued technical and administrative support. iii iv Abbreviations 4 Rs Reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery ASA Advisory Services and Analytics ENB Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy EPR Extended producer responsibility KE Knowledge exchange K-eco Korea Environmental Corporation KGGTF Korea Green Growth Trust Fund LFG Landfill gas PET Polyethylene terephthalate RDF Refuse-derived fuel RFID Radio frequency identification SAR South Asia Region SLC Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation SRF Solid refuse fuel SWM Solid waste management VBWF Volume-based waste fee WTE Waste-to-energy v vi Background The Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy (ENB) South Asia Region (SAR) team consisting of Rahat Jabeen, Pyush Dogra, Drona Raj Ghimire, Naysa Ahuja, and Poonam Rohatgi traveled to the Republic of Korea together with ten national delegates nominated by the three countries for the Knowledge Exchange (KE) on Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Regions in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Delegates were selected from mountain regions in Himachal Pradesh state in India, Pokhara, Gandaki Province in Nepal, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. The KE was part of a programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) funded by the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF). It was organized in collaboration with KGGTF and the Korea Environmental Corporation (K-eco). Objective The objective of the KE was to facilitate the three countries’ exposure to innovative solutions for sustainable solid waste management (SWM) strategies that could be applicable in mountainous regions, including the following: 1. Policy reforms and selecting a financial investment/structure best suited for SWM; 2. Local government management of SWM, including policies and financing; 3. Comparison with cities that have similar characteristics as those in the participating countries; 4. Operation of a SWM system in mountain areas (including linkages between SWM and eco-tourism); and 5. SWM in protected areas. 1 Summary of Site Visits Day 1 Summary - Monday, December 2, 2019 Opening workshop in Seoul The KE commenced with presentations from a number of experts from the World Bank, the University of Seoul, and various other Korean institutions. Rahat Jabeen, Environmental Specialist, World Bank, presented the background on the SWM ASA along with objectives, related country projects, and expectations from the KE back-to-office report. Dr. Lee presented the key findings of the SWM analytical study and specific observations from the field visits in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. This was followed by a consultation and feedback session with country representatives and delegates to present their country-specific expectations of the technical guidance and country reports. Photo 1: Participants providing feedback at Photo 2: Presentation on SWM policy by K-eco the opening event Some of the key feedback provided is as follows: • Need for an effective implementation strategy supported by suggestions to improve the existing institutional and policy framework • Develop best practices and models suitable for replication in the three countries’ contexts • Produce a one-pager in tabulated form providing best practices/suggestions on achieving the 4 Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery) for each category of waste A representative from the Ministry of Environment introduced Korea’s technical, legal, and regulatory experiences on solid waste management, particularly on plastic waste. 2 Photo 3: World Bank SAR ENB team with the KE participants Key Takeaways from Day 1 The key takeaways from the expert presentations by K-eco included the following: • Introduction to economic- and policy-based interventions to regulate the collection, reporting and disposal/recycling of municipal waste • Plastic goods’ manufacturers enter into voluntary agreements with the Ministry of Environment to meet the recycling rate goal, and are thus exempted from the waste charge • System tracking for waste through a waste manifest (Allbaro) system1 • Eco-energy village models2 with an integrated facility to utilize all types of waste to generate energy or upcycled products3 • Weight-based waste fee or radio frequency identification definition (RFID) system4 to reduce waste generation at the household level • Volume-based waste fee (VBWF) systems • Role of local companies in the collection and delivery of solid waste and waste-to-energy (WTE) business models deployed in Korea. The team also discussed the outcomes and structure of the Technical Guidance report with K-eco and provided feedback for the final report due in January 2021. Day 2 Summary - Tuesday, December 3, 2019 1 The Allbaro System is a comprehensive waste management system integrating the waste manifest system and other specialized waste treatment systems (depending on waste type and method), such as the RFID-based medical waste management system, the construction waste information management system, and the industrial waste reduction information system. 2 Korea’s approach to eco-energy towns aims to maximize the use of local resources to decrease energy dependence on fossil fuels, cut greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a local circular economy. The concept is based on the new paradigm of using undesirable public facilities, including sewage treatment plants, to generate energy and return the benefits to local residents. 3 Upcycling is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, and useless or unwanted products into new materials or products of higher quality or value due to design uniqueness and better environmental value. 4 RFID (radio frequency identification) is a form of wireless communication using radio frequency to uniquely identify an object, animal, or person, or, in this case, waste materials or trucks carrying waste. 3 The Seoul Institute and the Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation (SLC) At the Seoul Institute, the delegation learned about the sequencing of waste management policies in Korea, its experiences in metropolitan waste management, and the country’s current vision on SWM, especially with a focus on plastic waste. Due to the effectiveness of these policies and systems, the waste generated dropped drastically over a decade. At the SLC, delegates learned about Korea’s systematic restoration of a landfill site to become a ‘Dream Park’ for recreation together with a landfill gas power plant that supplies energy to 80,000 households in the Seoul metropolitan area. Photo 4: Dr. Keeyoung Yoo speaking on Photo 5: Q&A session at The Seoul Institute municipal waste management in Seoul Photo 6: World Bank SAR ENB team, KE participants, and representative from K-eco at the Seoul Institute 4 Key Takeaways from Day 2 Maintenance of a sanitary landfill • Workings of a landfill gas (LFG) power plant in waste recovery5 and electricity generation • Waste water treatment of captured leachate from landfills • Generation of solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse derived fuel (RDF),6 most of which is used to provide energy to the facility itself • Odor monitoring and control system. Photo 7: Visit to Sudokwon Landfill Site Photo 8: Visit to Sudokwon Landfill Site 5 Solid waste is removed separately and generated gas is recovered for the generation of electricity. 6 Produced from recovered waste, SRF or RDF is a high-yield source of energy for producing heat and electricity, as well as being an interesting waste disposal alternative. 5 Day 3 Summary - Wednesday, December 4, 2019 Mapo-gu Waste Incinerator Plant, apartment complex waste segregation, and solid waste disposal and treatment plant at Bucheon Mapo-gu Waste Incinerator Plant has a total capacity of 750 tons/day. The plant produces electricity using waste heat (at over 400°C) generated by waste incineration and high-pressure steam and supplies it to nearby residential areas. The participants visited the incineration plant, district heating/cooling plant, and resource recycling plant, followed by a visit to an apartment complex in Mapo-gu. The participants visited a ‘clean house’7 and learned about waste segregation and collection practices that are followed by households in the apartments. The ‘Clean House’ model is an excellent example of citizen engagement and understanding of SWM policies at a household level. Photo 9: Visit to Mapo-gu Waste Incinerator Plant Photo 10: Visit to ‘clean house’ in apartment complex At Bucheon, participants learned how the facility handles domestic waste, food waste, and recycling, as it is equipped with a domestic waste incineration facility, food waste disposal facility, recycling selection facility, residents’ convenience facility, and other auxiliary facilities. It is Korea’s first comprehensive waste treatment facility that can self-treat all of its daily waste within a single day. Key Takeaways from Day 3 • Systematic segregation of waste by category at the household/apartment level • Manual separation/sorting of combustible waste at the incineration plant • Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) for energy generation • Biogas generation from a food waste-to-biogas plant, a food leachate-to-biogas plant, and a sewage sludge-to-fuel plant • System to control and manage the release of dioxin under permissible limits. 7 A ‘Clean House’ is a separate municipal waste discharge site in housing areas that houses various waste containers, including an RFID system for food waste, recycling bins, and e-waste discharge stations. Some of these houses are solar powered. 6 Photo 11: Discussion on the making and use of SRF at Bucheon Waste Treatment Plant 7 Day 4 Summary - Thursday, December 5, 2019 Seoraksan National Park; picnic and camping areas The delegation visited the Seoraksan National Park Information Center to learn about the history and responsibilities of the Korean National Park Services, as well as on operations regarding waste management. National parks are managed by the Ministry of Environment, under the principle of state management, and the National Parks Authority, an affiliated organization that manages 21 of the 22 national parks nationwide. Eighteen out of 22 national parks are in mountain areas. Therefore, this was an important site for delegates coming from heavily-visited mountain regions in the Himalayas. Special interest was expressed by the delegates from Pakistan who are working on a World Bank project on Development of Tourism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (P162602) focusing on nature-based tourism in mountain regions, with a request for another study visit to Korea for high-level officials with respect to the ongoing project. Photo 12: Visit to Seoraksan National Park Photo 13: Visit to the campsite at Seoraksan Information Center National Park Key Takeaways from Day 4 • The ‘green point’ system and ‘take your trash back’ to reduce waste brought by tourists to mountain regions by providing incentives • Guidance and crackdowns on hiking in restricted areas, night hiking, and smoking • Waste segregation at camping sites • Changes in the Korea National Park Services management culture • Segregation of waste in shelters on high-altitude peaks that allow the waste to be airlifted periodically. 8 Day 5 Summary - Friday, December 6, 2019 KECC and wrap-up session A visit to the office of the Korea Engineering Consultants Corporation (KECC) was organized to learn about its broader expertise and range of consulting services, including its experience in the area of SWM and nature- based tourism planning in developing countries. The delegates showed a keen interest in KECC’s work on SWM and the World Bank team followed up with further communication between the relevant parties. Photo 14: Closing session at KECC office During the wrap-up session, delegates from all three countries presented their key learnings (see Appendices 3, 4, and 5) and shared next steps that they plan to undertake in their various capacities. A consolidated set of key highlights from the KE were discussed by the participants and is summarized below. Delegates from India mentioned that ongoing work on waste treatment and WTE facilities in the region will greatly benefit from this KE in the forthcoming stages. The delegates from India and Nepal also expressed interest in working further with the World Bank on this agenda. 9 Key Takeaways from the Country Presentations The delegates from all the three countries concluded the KE with presentations highlighting the key takeaways, as well as the potential opportunities to introduce certain concepts and models in their respective countries. The key takeaways summarized from the three country presentations include: • Proper handling of SWM through the 4 Rs, upcycling, and safe disposal. • Need for integrated planning for treating legacy waste in landfills in order to reclaim land. • Changing the traditional way of open burning and dumping waste by strengthening the waste segregation system and replicating small-scale waste management facilities, especially setting up the ‘Clean House’ model in residential areas. • Reclamation of dumpsites and restoration of the ecosystem with value addition (such as multiple uses of landfill sites for different facilities). • Decentralized composting of organic waste in both rural/local settings as well as in urban areas. • Institutionalizing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) by creating a network of producers and recyclers. • A volume-based waste-fee that may include the cost of waste treatment. • Prepaid waste collection bags that will gradually change behavior and reduce waste generation at source. • In the case of mountaineering expedition waste management, the World Bank can provide technical and financial support by: (i) introducing technologies for compacting waste to reduce the volume and weight so that it is easier to transport by porters, animals, or by air; and (ii) developing appropriate strategies suitable for the management of garbage and human waste generated by expedition groups (for example, Mount Denali in the United States and Seoraksan National Park in Korea). • The camping module and incentive-based ‘green points’ system at Seoraksan National Park could be replicated in major tourist sites of high mountain areas. • Promoting SWM as a viable business and financial investment, with the potential for job creation and human dignity. • Local governments to work alongside the private sector in waste disposal, landfill stabilization, and WTE projects besides waste collection. • SWM must be an integral part of any governance scheme where land use is involved. • Sensitizing political leadership to ensure that SWM becomes a priority. 10 Conclusion The SWM team was successful in achieving the goals of the KE and has received positive feedback from delegations of the three countries. The KE introduced the delegates to innovative models and technology, provided an opportunity for the regional exchange of ideas, strengthened regional as well as international networks, and shared the expectations and priorities of the three client countries to improve SWM in their mountain regions. The SWM program has forged a tripartite relationship among the client countries, Korean SWM institutions, and the World Bank through the KE. The ASA has resulted in five knowledge products, with inputs and collaboration from the World Bank country teams from India, Nepal, and Pakistan and technical support from K-eco. These knowledge products include: 1. India: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas 2. Nepal: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas 3. Pakistan: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas 4. Technical Guidance Report: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan 5. Good Practice Options for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan Using these knowledge products, in addition to the KE visit, the country focal points will disseminate the necessary technical information to support follow-up engagement with government counterparts. The dissemination process will focus on sensitizing policy makers—some of who were part of the KE delegation— on the issues. The country focal points will continue to inform ongoing investment programs and develop solutions together. 11 12 Travel arrival logistics: Arrive by Dec 1 (Sunday), official exchange visit starts from Dec 2 (Monday) until Dec 6 (Friday) All delegation members leave on Dec 7 (Saturday) from Seoul Official exchange visit dates: Dec 2-6, 2019 Hotel: Millennium Hilton Hotel Dec 1 Date Dec 2 (Monday) Dec 3 (Tuesday) Dec 4 (Wednesday) Dec 5 (Thursday) Dec 6 (Friday) (Sunday) Zone Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone B: Bucheon Zone C: Yangyang Zone A: Seoul (08:00-9:00) Travel by rental bus to Seoul (08:00-09:00) Institute (08:00-9:00) Travel by rental bus to Travel by rental bus to Yangyang (09:00-12:00) waste incineration plant at Site Visit #1 Mapo-gu (09:00-10:00) The Seoul Institute Millennium Hilton Hotel Site visit #7 Dr. Yoo Giyeong, Seoul Amber Hall (3rd floor) (09:00-11:00) Seoraksan picnic area Institute Site Visit #3 Ms. Yoo Songie Hotel arrival and (09:30-10:00) Waste incineration plant Experience of metropolitan (08:00-12:00) check-in Welcome Address and Introduction at Mapo-gu SWM infrastructure in Morning waste management Travel by rental bus to Ms. Rahat Jabeen, World Bank and Dr. Cho, Mr. Choi, Harim picnic area (examples of sustainable Yangyang K-eco Budget/finance for SWM) Incineration implementation Waste management Sharing expectations/ schedules for the District heating/cooling Waste management policies in mountain areas/ week Resource recycling practices in picnic areas special areas and camp sites Status of plastic waste Venue: management 52, Sangamsan-ro 1-gil, Venue: Mapo-gu, Seoul 38-2, Seorak-dong, Venue: Sokcho-si, Gangwon-do 57, Nambusunhwan-ro 340- gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul (11:00-11:30) Travel by rental bus to apartment complex in Mapo-gu (10:00-11:00) Introduction to Korea’s SWM experience (11:30-13:00) Ms. Kim Minji, MoE Site Visit #4 Waste segregation and History and experience of the Government of collection at apartment Korea in waste management challenges complex #1 Overview of SWM law and policy Waste management policies Waste segregation Policy of plastic waste Waste collection Venue: Appendix 1: Knowledge Exchange Agenda 10, World Cup buk-ro 47-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul Dec 1 Date Dec 2 (Monday) Dec 3 (Tuesday) Dec 4 (Wednesday) Dec 5 (Thursday) Dec 6 (Friday) (Sunday) Zone Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone B: Bucheon Zone C: Yangyang Zone A: Seoul (11:00-13:00) Key findings from study on SWM in mountain areas; dissemination of results from the analytical study conducted in India, Nepal, and Pakistan Dr. Lee Donghoon, University of Seoul Practices and systems in place for waste segregation at source, reuse, and recycling Experience on waste and management in mountain regions Sharing results of field study and suggested action plan Scoping discussion for future engagement with K-eco and World Bank Followed by discussion from the three countries (Remarks by World Bank representatives) (13:00-14:00) (12:00-13:00) (13:00-14:00) (12:00-13:00) (12:00-13:00) Lunch Welcome Lunch @ K-eco Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Optional (14:00-14:45) Two hours travel by rental Two hours travel by rental (recommended): K-eco’s operation of waste management bus bus Meet in hotel system (13:00-17:00) lobby at 14:00 Ms. Kwon Eugene, K-eco (15:00-18:00) (16:00-18:00) Site Visit #6 Two hours travel by rental Site Visit #2 Site Visit #5 bus National Waste management system in Korea Sudokwon Landfill Site Seoraksan National Museum (Allbaro) Management Corporation Solid waste treatment Park (15:00-16:30) of Korean Volume-based waste fee (SLC) plant at Bucheon Ms. Yoo Songie Contemporary Plastic waste policies, e.g., RFID Ms. Teresita Arenga Ms. Gu Yeongok Wrap up session at KECC History Followed by discussion from the three SWM in national park Afternoon Led by: countries Short introduction of SLC by Domestic waste recycling Policy (Green point) KECC presentation on Ms. Eunji Shin video and visit at SLC Incineration facility Waste collection in the their services related to and (14:45-15:00) Landfill site Recycling selection facility mountaineering trail SWM in other countries Ms. Hanul Oh Coffee Break Dream park and regions Landfill gas power plant Venue: Venue: Three countries’ Understanding SRF and RDF facility 122, Beolmal-ro, Bucheon-si, 833, Seoraksan-ro, delegations share their Korea’s Gyeonggi-do Sokcho-si, Gangwon- learning development Venue: do history (guided 61, Geowol-ro, Seo-gu, tour provided) Incheon 13 14 Dec 1 Date Dec 2 (Monday) Dec 3 (Tuesday) Dec 4 (Wednesday) Dec 5 (Thursday) Dec 6 (Friday) (Sunday) Zone Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone A: Seoul Zone B: Bucheon Zone C: Yangyang Zone A: Seoul (15:00-16:00) (16:15-16:30) (16:15-16:30) Waste-to-energy business in Korea Reflections/take away Reflections/take away (16:30-17:00) Mr. Lee Gihyung, K-eco from participants from participants (17:15-17:30) Concluding remarks (by assigned participants/ (by assigned participants/ Reflections/take away By K-eco & Combustible waste-to-energy World Bank team) World Bank team) from participants World Bank team (Ms. Waste heat recovery (by assigned Rahat Jabeen, Mr. Pyush Organic waste-to-energy participants/World Dogra, Mr. Drona Raj Landfill gas collection Bank team) Ghimire) Eco-friendly energy town (16:00-17:30) Waste collection, delivery, and treatment Oh Kiljong, CEO, Korea Waste Association The role of local company for the waste collection and deliver Regulation for SWM in collection, delivery, and treatment (19:00- 21:00) Gala dinner near hotel Free Stay at hotel in Dinner (Dinner on your Stay at hotel in Seoul Stay at hotel in Seoul Stay at hotel in Seoul Stay at hotel in Seoul Yangyang own) Appendix 2: List of Participants Name of the Title and Association # Photo Country Participating member Additional Chief Secretary 1. India Mr. Ram Dass Dhiman Department of Environment, Science and Technology Government of Himachal Pradesh Director, 2. India Mr. Duni Chand Rana Department of Environment, Science and Technology Government of Himachal Pradesh Project Chief, NTNC-Annapurna Conservation Area 3. Nepal Mr. Raj Kumar Gurung Hariyokharka, Pokhara, Gandaki Province Chairperson, Ward No 1, Sama gaon, Tsum-Nubri Rural 4. Nepal Mr. Bir Bahadur Lama Municipality, MCA. NTNC/MCAP Gorkha Bazar, Gandaki Province Ms. Yangji Doma Public Relations Officer 5. Nepal Sherpa Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee Chief Agri/Environment, Neelum Sultana 6. Pakistan P&D Department, Khattak Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Conservator of Forests-II 7. Pakistan Mr. Azhar Ali Khan Abbottabad, Forestry, Environment and Wildlife Department Director General 8. Pakistan Mr. Raza Ali Habib Galiyat Development Authority Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Deputy Secretary Local Government, Elections & Rural Development 9. Pakistan Mr. Yasir Qayyum Khan Department Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Additional Secretary Department of Sports, Culture, Tourism, Archaeology 10. Pakistan Mr. Babar Khan & Museum Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 15 Environmental Specialist 11. Pakistan Ms. Rahat Jabeen World Bank Senior Environmental Specialist 12. India Mr. Pyush Dogra World Bank Mr. Drona Raj Ghimire Senior Environmental Specialist 13 Nepal World Bank World Bank Consultant, Environmental Governance Specialist 14. Headquarters, Ms. Naysa Ahuja Washington, DC World Bank World Bank Ms. Poonam Rohatgi Senior Program Assistant 15. Headquarters, Washington, DC World Bank 16 Appendix 3: Presentation by the India Delegation 17 18 19 Appendix 4: Presentation by the Nepal Delegation Notes from Nepal team 1. Learnings/take away from the Knowledge Exchange and field visits • Proper handling of SWM through the 4 Rs, upcycling, and safe disposal. • Waste management through the use of advance technologies for waste segregation, incineration and energy recovery. • Conversion of waste into resources such as energy, manure, arts, etc. • A good example of transforming a landfill site into a recreational park. • Incorporation of education on waste management at the school level. • Importance of partnerships between the various stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and the general public for proper waste management. • Ways of exploring ideas/techniques in information centers (audio/visual) for education, as well as the promotion of a destination (for example, Seoraksan National Park). • Concept of a prepaid waste bag system for waste management. 2. How this technical knowledge and information gained is useful for your workplace, and for Nepal • In hilly areas such as Kathmandu, where there is a high concentration of population, concepts such as converting waste into energy, and the rehabilitation of landfill sites into recreational parks can be replicated. • Currently, there is no segregation system for separating organic waste in Kathmandu, thus all organic waste is dumped into the landfill site. The system of separating and recycling kitchen waste as is done in Seoul is highly applicable to, and required in, Kathmandu city to reduce the amount of waste going into landfill sites. • Similarly, the volume-based waste-fee system and waste manifest Allbaro system are also good concepts for integrating the proper management of waste in Kathmandu. • Most of the high mountain areas of Nepal are major tourist attractions, thus the camping module and green-point system at Seoraksan National Park could be replicated. • Similarly, concepts such as eco-villages and the ‘Clean House’ model can be replicated in the high mountain areas. • Most of the high mountain areas of Nepal are also demarcated as national park and conservation areas, thus interpretative information centers such as the one at Seoraksan National Park would be very useful and applicable. • Changing the traditional way of open burning and dumping waste by strengthening the waste segregation system and replicating small-scale waste management facilities. 20 3. Identify the areas of SWM in mountain areas for follow-up with the World Bank • Expedition Waste Management: Among the 14 peaks over 8,000 meters around the world, Nepal has eight, including Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. Thus, most of the mountain areas of Nepal are very popular for climbers, especially Mount Everest. Expedition groups spend around three months per group climbing Mount Everest, creating tons of garbage and human waste. Waste management, especially managing human waste above base camp, remains a major challenge in Mount Everest and Mount Manaslu. The World Bank can provide technical and financial support by: (i) introducing technologies for compacting waste to reduce its volume so that it is easier to transport by porters, animals, or helicopter; and (ii) developing appropriate strategies suitable for management of garbage and human waste generated by expedition groups (Mount Denali in the United States has some successful programs in this regard). • Support can also be provided in the proper management of hazardous waste such as batteries. • With the adoption of a federal structure in Nepal recently, the major responsibilities for waste management have been decentralized to rural municipalities. Many local governments in mountain areas lack the capacity to develop the appropriate guidelines for waste management applicable for mountain areas. Thus, the World Bank can help to provide technical support in this regard. 4. Any future plans? • Reduction of PET and glass bottles in mountain areas. • Banning of plastic bags and promoting greater awareness. 21 Appendix 5: Presentation by the Pakistan Delegation 22 23 24 Appendix 6: Additional Information about the Sites Visited Click on the links for additional information: • The Seoul Institute: http://global.si.re.kr/ • Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corp.: https://www.slc.or.kr/eng/index_eng.do • Mapo Resource Recovery and Incinerator Plant: https://seoulsolution.kr/en/content/mapo-resource- recovery-facility • Seoraksan National Park/ Korea National Park Service: http://english.knps.or.kr/Knp/Seoraksan/Intro/ Introduction.aspx?MenuNum=1&Submenu=Npp • Korea Engineering Consultants Corp.: https://www.kecc.co.kr/eng/main/main.asp • Korea Environment Institute: https://www.kei.re.kr/eng/main.kei 25 Korea Green Growth Trust Fund The Korea Green Growth Trust Fund is a partnership between the World Bank Group and the Republic of Korea, established in 2011 to support client countries as they shift to green development path.  Both partners share a common goal to reduce poverty and promote shared economic prosperity in an environmentally responsible and socially inclusive way.   The Trust Fund finances on-the-ground programs as well as knowledge exchange activities, and to date has approved 144 programs in the urban, transport, information and communication technology, energy, environment, water, climate and agriculture sectors.  Based on strong performance as well as increasing demand for collaborative development implementation programs, the fund has grown from US$40 million to US$138 million to support World Bank Group programs through 2026. Supporting the Development of Sustainable Solid Waste Management Strategies for the Mountainous Regions of India, Nepal and Pakistan The Knowledge Exchange: Sustainable Solid Waste Management Practices in Mountain Areas report summarizes the existing innovative and sustainable practices of solid waste management (SWM) in Korea, which were shared with delegations from India, Nepal, and Pakistan during their visit to the Republic of Korea in December 2019. The summary provides an overview of the various SWM sites visited and the knowledge shared on national policies and practices that have made Korea one of the pioneers in SWM. The summary recapitulates the key takeaways from the site visits to understand the Korean system of waste segregation, collection, treatment, recovery, and disposal. The report concludes with specific highlights and lessons that the three country delegations found relevant to promote sustainable SWM in mountain regions in their country. Other Publications in this Study: India: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Nepal: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Pakistan: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas Technical Guidance Report: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan Good Practice Options for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan © 2021 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org