Annual Report July 2020 - June 2021 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) with external contributions. The findings, analysis and conclusions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of any individual partner organization of The World Bank, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. Although the World Bank and GFDRR make reasonable efforts to ensure all the information presented in this document is correct, its accuracy and integrity cannot be guaranteed. Use of any data or information from this document is at the user’s own risk and under no circumstances shall the World Bank, GFDRR or any of its partners be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered which is claimed to result from reliance on the data contained in this document. The boundaries, colors, denomination, and other information shown in any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Cover image: Baie de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Photo: © Noursaid Gamal | Dreamstime.com Table of Contents Foreword iii Abbreviations iv Executive Summary vii 1. City Resilience Program Overview 1 1.1 Program Description and Development Objectives 1 1.2 Program Development 3 1.3 Risks, Challenges and Lessons Learned 3 2. Implementation Progress 7 2.1 Planning for Resilience 7 2.2 Finance for Resilience 12 2.3 Partnerships for Resilience 15 2.4 Monitoring of Results 18 3. Looking Ahead 24 4. Financial Statement and Donors 25 4.1 Financial Overview 25 4.2 Donors and Partners 27 Appendix A. Key Trust Fund Data 28 Appendix B. List of Cities supported by the City Resilience Program 29 ii | City Resilience Program Busy street in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Photo: RubyRascal Foreword T he share of the world’s population living in cities However, many cities lack the expertise, long-term vi- is expected to reach 70 percent by 2050. Cities are sion, and the right frameworks to convert this capital the world’s centers of political life, innovation, and into realized investments. economic activity generating 80 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP). Yet, this concentration means The City Resilience Program (CRP)—a partnership society is particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and launched in June 2017 with support from the Global environmental shocks that do or could affect the lo- Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)— cations of urban settlements. Unless cities take urgent supports cities in their efforts to mobilize capital for a action, their vulnerabilities will be further exposed by resilient future by convening global expertise in city continued urbanization and anticipated spikes in the oc- planning and project finance, while leveraging advance- currence and severity of climate hazards. ments in digital technology, urban planning, services and management disciplines, and expertise in disaster The onslaught of COVID-19 early in 2020 found cities and climate risk analysis. around the world on the frontlines of the pandemic. They endured incredible strain on their health infrastructure To date, CRP has engaged with 140 cities in more than and suffered the devastating economic damage brought 60 countries where it helps provide insight into spatial on by lockdowns and other restrictions. These impacts fell patterns of development, environmental risk factors, and most heavily on the already vulnerable populations who future growth trajectories to support resilience planning. were especially ill-equipped to deal with the fallout from CRP engages with international finance institutions, do- the pandemic. Cities saw millions slip into poverty and nors, and financial advisors to deliver paired financing hunger, threatening urban development progress and and expertise aimed at unlocking investment. poverty reduction efforts. All through the financial year of 2020–21 (FY21), this work The pandemic along with the Intergovernmental Panel has continued, although adjusted in format to adapt to On Climate Change’s (IPCC) most recent report has high- the constraints and requirements operating during the lighted the need, now more than ever, for resilient and COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating the CRP’s capacity sustainable cities—cities which can lift their populations to adapt, continue to deliver, and build long-lasting part- out of poverty, provide clean transportation, and imple- nerships for more resilient cities. ment green infrastructure. Despite efforts by many and progress being made, climate investments flows for cities The financial and advisory support received from the only reached an estimated US$384 billion in 2017–2018, Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance and the Swiss State falling far short of the estimated needs of US$4.5 to Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) continues to be US$5.4 trillion annually.1 instrumental to CRP’s implementation. At the same time, significant capital is available to address these requirements particularly from private sector inves- Sameh Wahba tors, as well as from donor-based sources that are climate focused. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) esti- Global Director mates that cities in emerging markets have the potential Urban, Disaster Risk Management, Resilience to attract more than US$29.4 trillion in cumulative cli- and Land Global Practice mate-related investments across six key sectors by 2030.2 The World Bank Group 1 Climate Policy Initiative, 2021. The State of Cities Climate Finance. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/the-state-of- cities-climate-finance/ 2 IFC. 2021. Climate Investment Opportunities in Cities – An IFC Analysis. Washington, D.C. World Bank Group. https://www.ifc.org/wps/ wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ climate+business/resources/cioc-ifc-analysis Foreword | iii Abbreviations AECID Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarollo (Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development) AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency) CRP City Resilience Program DRM Disaster Risk Management EC European Commission ECA Europe and Central Asia EO4SD Earth Observation for Sustainable Development ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute EU European Union FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GIF Global Infrastructure Facility IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IFI International Financial Institution IPCC Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change IPF Investment Project Financing IPG Infrastructure Finance, PPPs and Guarantees MCR2030 Making Cities Resilient 2030 MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund MENA Middle East and North Africa NBS Nature-Based Solution PIDG Private Infrastructure Development Group PPIAF Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) PPP Public–Private Partnership RAS Reimbursable Advisory Service RCA Rapid Capital Assessment iv | City Resilience Program RECIDE Resilient City Development program RVO Rijksdienst Voor Ondernemend (Netherlands Enterprise Agency) SECO Secrétariat d’Etat à l’Economie (Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs) TIF Tax Increment Financing WBG World Bank Group RAS Reimbursable Advisory Services (World Bank product) RCA Rapid Capital Assessment (CRP product) RECIDE Resilient City Development (EU-funded program) RVO Rijksdienst Voor Ondernemend (Netherlands Enterprise Agency) SAR South Asia region (World Bank definition) SECO Secrétariat d’Etat à l’Economie (Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs) TTL Task Team Leader UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UR Understanding Risk (conference series) WBG World Bank Group Abbreviations | v vi | City Resilience Program Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Photo: © Ho Minh Nhut | Dreamstime.com Executive Summary T his annual report highlights the progress and results management, and general urban redevelopment by apply- that the City Resilience Program (CRP) achieved ing land value capture principles. The program diversified during its financial year of July 2020–June 2021 to be involved in its first water re-use project and increased (FY21). The report provides an overview of activities its collaboration with CRP Planning to better coordinate across its three programmatic areas, in delivery of existing projects’ commercial and physical solutions. An example services and further development of the program’s offer. was to explore the roles that well-designed off-street car It concludes with expected priorities for FY22 and a finan- parking can have in mitigating pluvial flooding, contribut- cial overview of the CRP Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF). ing to sustainable transport plans and revenue generation, and linking urban heat interventions and opportunities of In common with many areas of life and work, the global land value capture. COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted CRP’s work program during FY21. With the option of travel elimi- The Partnerships for Resilience team continued to con- nated, many governments had to refocus rapidly and solidate existing partnerships while continually reaching unprecedently on immediate budget, public healthcare, out to new potential donors and partners. Among others, and general welfare priorities and away from longer term CRP facilitated urban-focused cofinancing programming planning. Nevertheless, CRP made substantial progress, with the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) in Beira in adapting its value proposition to the quickly evolving re- Mozambique, and Garowe in Somalia, and is exploring alities and further developing the range of its expertise more systematic cofinancing with the Agence Française available to its clients through its purposeful teams. de Développement (AFD). CRP also assisted in the sign- ing of the administrative agreement between the World CRP’s Planning for Resilience team greatly expanded Bank and the European Commission for the Resilient the scope of its technical advisory and assistance services Cities Development (RECIDE) program, which gives the to World Bank task teams and their clients for a range of World Bank €10 million to provide technical assistance for resilience planning needs, particularly related to subsid- resilient urban infrastructure projects with potential to ence, flooding, and urban heat. The team supported 43 use guarantees to mobilize private capital. The CRP team new cities alongside CRP’s ongoing engagements. An ear- in partnership with other teams within the World Bank ly highlight was the Resilient Capital Investment Planning will implement this program. Additionally, CRP continues Workshop for eight metropolitan municipalities in South to partner with the Resilient Cities Network to host the Africa, in which Planning for Resilience-led exercises iden- “Cities on the Frontline Speaker Series,” which helps cities tified 13 public–private partnership and land value capture respond to the pandemic and plan a resilient recovery. infrastructure projects, eight of which CRP Finance is now CRP became one of the core partners of the Making Cities assisting through technical cross support. CRP Planning led Resilient 2030 initiative in October 2020—led by the Unit- the adaptation of its traditional workshop approach to de- ed Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction—to support liver these events virtually, with flexibility to the number of cities better in their pursuit of resilience. participants and use of interactive resilience-focused tools, which included a new web-based City Scan. CRP Planning Internally to the World Bank Group (WBG), the CRP has expanded engagement this fiscal reporting year to: (i) the been working to deepen collaboration with IFC teams IFC’s Upstream Department with City Scans and custom- and the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF). The CRP has ized analytics on industrial zones in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh stepped up coordination with other urban programs City, Vietnam; (ii) the World Bank’s Environment Practice housed at the WBG such as the GAP Funds and the Global with a City Scan for Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and to (iii) the Program for Sustainable Cities (GPSC), acting as an inter- Water Practice with guidance on assessing land subsidence nal link between private capital-focused teams and those in the Valley of Mexico, central Mexico. working on climate issues in cities. The Finance for Resilience workstream provided special- The team expects to continue delivery of its suite of ser- ized support to task teams in over 20 cities. This support vices to its existing portfolio of cities and generate new focused on the early-stage conceptualization and prefeasi- opportunities through virtual workshops planned initially bility analysis of potential opportunities to mobilize private for Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and then worldwide. capital. The team provided support in specifying transac- tion advisory mandates for projects closer to transactions. Such approaches included engagements in Accra (Ghana), Niels Holm-Nielsen Ahmedabad (India), Chisinau (Moldova), Dhaka (Bangla- Practice Manager, Global desh), Kampala (Uganda), Maputo (Mozambique), and vari- Facility for Disaster ous cities in Romania and Turkey. In addition, the team con- Reduction and Recovery, tinued to develop a number of pre-existing engagements. World Bank. The focus of work has stayed with public–private partner- ships (PPPs) of municipal services, particularly solid waste Executive Summary | vii Highlights 140 over Cities 60 Countries 38 new cities in FY21 41 Cities received 4 Resilience financial advisory Investment Planning support Workshops 11in FY21 1 in FY21 10 Knowledge Products 85 City Scans delivered delivered 4 in FY21 30 in FY21 16 Digital Technology 44 Technical Teams Products developed Engaged 4 in FY21 5 in FY20 viii | City Resilience Program 1. City Resilience Program Overview 1.1 Program Description and Development Objectives The City Resilience Program (CRP) is a multidonor initiative established in June 2017 to increase financ- ing for urban resilience. Contributions from the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance, and GFDRR fund this program. CRP’s vision is to support the development of resilient cities with the capacity to plan for and miti- gate adverse impacts of disasters and climate change, thus enabling them to save lives, reduce losses, and unlock economic and social potential. CRP aims to catalyze a shift toward longer term, more com- prehensive multidisciplinary packages of technical and financial planning, building pipelines of viable city-level projects that, in turn, build resilience (Appendix B). CRP pursues three strategic objectives to move toward this vision: Cities have increased Cities can Cities have increased access to multiple leverage global access to tools and sources of financing partnerships technical support to to ensure that more to support plan effectively for investments in their resilience resilience. resilience come to objectives. fruition. CRP works with World Bank Group task teams to develop lending operations that actively focus on resilience to address these objectives. This support is provided through three main thematic areas or pillars: (i) Planning for Resilience focuses on providing technical support to ensure that capital invest- ment plans are risk informed. (ii) Finance for Resilience hones in on capital mobilization, particularly from the private sector. (iii) Partnership for Resilience concentrates on advocacy and convening global expertise. Planning for Resilience CRP Planning develops and applies geo- spatial tools, case studies, and knowledge products as entry points to engage with Cities face a multitude of challenges that are cities on resilience planning. This support inherently multidisciplinary, complex, and strengthens the analytical foundation of interdependent. The impact of climate and resilience-informed investment planning disaster risks in cities must be addressed and expands the suite of tools available to through a multisectoral lens to manage these cities. This effort typically develops through challenges and support resilient urban devel- a workshop series on resilience planning opment effectively. Planning for Resilience where participating cities benefit from a di- pillar’s approach represents a fundamental verse range of technical expertise and exer- shift in supporting cities to tackle their press- cises to help package, prioritize, and design ing development challenges. Rather than fo- resilience-enhancing investments anchored cus on urban sectoral preferences separately, in the World Bank Group (WBG) operations. CRP pursues integrated, spatially informed CRP Planning also supports the incubation methods that capture the interaction be- of applied technical knowledge to city resil- tween the natural and built environments in ience challenges and develops competitive city priorities. market connections that ensure cities can re- ceive the prompt and high quality technical support needed. City Resilience Program Overview | 1 Finance for Resilience Governments across the world, and especially employs a three-phased engagement process in lower income, rapidly urbanizing cities strug- to mobilize capital: (i) provide upstream early gle to provide the basic infrastructure their stage advice on the potential for expanded populations sorely need. Added to the infra- financing for urban resilience projects in the structure gap, these cities must also find ways city; (ii) analyze prefeasibility stage finance and to deliver further interventions to protect these regulation of a specific project concept; and populations against prevailing and future nat- (iii) support the specification and review of ural disasters and climate hazards. Key to help- transaction advisory services. ing close this investment gap is the ability of these cities to: (i) expand their capacity to plan Services typically concentrate on specialist and procure investment; (ii) source additional support to World Bank Group task teams and sources of finance to complement their often their city clients in an effort to conceptualize constrained balance sheets, and (iii) develop and test potential options to mobilize private sustainable and affordable funding mecha- finance. Such structures may include, for ex- nisms to repay the costs of these investments. ample, public–private partnerships (PPPs) for municipal services or land value capture (LVC) CRP Finance brings a comprehensive set of mechanisms for land-based development. This services to support cities in these three ac- support is provided by a combination of CRP tion areas, linking the investment diagnostics Finance’s in house infrastructure and real es- and capital planning of the Planning for Resil- tate finance experts, a roster of experienced in- ience pillar with transaction- focused project frastructure, municipal services and real estate preparation support. To this end, CRP Finance individual consultants and specialist firms. Algiers, Algeria. Photo: © Leonid Andronov | Dreamstime.com. Partnerships for Resilience Networks are critical to the design, planning, CRP Partnerships follows a three-tiered ap- financing, and delivery of investments any- proach fostering city-focused collaboration where, particularly at subnational level. The within the wider World Bank Group. (i) It builds development of networks of advisors, finan- external partnerships with private, public, and ciers, and operators factor significantly in turn- multilateral organizations dealing with urban ing diagnostics into operational infrastructure. resilience. (ii) It implements targeted advocacy CRP’s Partnership for Resilience pillar helps cit- and outreach activities. (iii) The program invests ies engage with partners interested in urban in building technical and financial partnerships development and disaster risk management, for cities, including promoting technical and fi- and able to contribute to planning, capital nancial collaboration across World Bank Group mobilization, private sector development, and units; outreach to IFI’s development partners, innovation. private sector investors, technology firms and other actors in the urban resilience space. 2 | City Resilience Program City Resilience Program Overview | 2 1.2 Program Development CRP transitioned to its refined model, agreed ongoing legacy engagements. The team during FY20, with a view to learning from the spent time improving the approach to pro- early years of the program to increase effi- curing specialist services and development of ciency of engagements and focus further on more standardized approaches to delivering the areas of demand reported by cities and support. The Partnerships team continued to task teams. The COVID-19 pandemic pushed progress potential co-lending opportunities the program to digitalize its tools further, for as well as preparing the ground for applying example presenting the City Scan in a virtu- CRP’s approach to the upcoming RECIDE re- al and interactive format. Under the Finance sources. The team also mobilized US$490,000 for Resilience workstream, the team focused of further technical assistance resources from deeper on specific requests for support and the Global Infrastructure Facility. 1.3 Risks, Challenges, and Lessons Learned The most significant challenge of the year, in common with many programs, was the COVID-19 pan- demic. The program has had to adapt its operations substantially. It could no longer rely on its tradi- tional annual in-person multicity workshops to generate opportunities and to handle the often com- plex nature of the resulting technical assistance. ever meeting the key government counter- Origination part or technical consultants. This has made Without the possibility to use in person work- delivery challenging, particularly in timely shops as part of the origination process, the data acquisition, stakeholder availability, and team instead focused primarily on delivering the ability to generate trust and commitment further technical support to existing engage- to the work among remote counterparts. In- ments. It attempted to originate new engage- deed, in some locations, internet connectivi- ments through direct engagement with task ty, power outages, and time zone differenc- teams. This approach has, however, result- es have made even virtual communication ed only in a few new engagements, limited complicated. Steps taken have included the by a short term general shift in focus from launch of the online StoryMap version of the infrastructure engagements to the imme- City Scan product, increasing the use of native diate public health, economic support, and speakers or local consultants on teams, and employment concerns of many of the World structuring assignments and communication. Bank’s borrowing members. Fundraising Cross Support COVID-19 has impacted governments’ abilities The team substantially helped with technical to commit to the donor funding that CRP re- cross support to the World Bank’s Reimburs- quires to expand and strengthen its program able Advisory Services (RASs) and internally activities. Despite this short-term pause, sev- to the Advisory Services and Analytics (ASAs) eral potential donors have expressed a clear as to transfer knowledge, raise awareness of interest in the program’s objectives and ac- the program further and, source new CRP en- tivities. It is hoped these leads will convert to gagements. The CRP’s support to the South commitments during FY22. Africa RAS also allowed a virtual CRP event with eight metros as a pilot for the planned Beyond COVID-19 FY22 CRP workshops Challenges have continued to revolve around mainstreaming resilience into city investment Engagement priorities, affordability for the proposed in- The team adapted to delivering technical as- vestments, government capacity to retain and sistance without the ability to visit govern- manage transaction advisors, and the timeli- ment stakeholders or project locations, in ness of governmental decision making. The some cases delivering assignments without City Resilience Program Overview | 3 CRP Support to Cities around the World Latin America and the Caribbean Africa 18 55 4 | City Resilience Program Europe and Central Asia 18 Middle East and North Africa East Asia 11 Pacific 25 South Asia 7 From inception till 2021. City Resilience Program Overview | 5 6 | City Resilience Program Bui Vien street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Photo: © Eermakova | Dreamstime.com. 2. Implementation Progress 2.1 Planning for Resilience This CRP pillar examines the tools that cities have used to their benefit to initiate, generate, and develop urban resilience. City Scan into an online, interactive tool using City Scans the Environmental Systems Research Institute City Scans remained a prominent product for (ESRI) StoryMap platform.1 The ESRI StoryMap CRP throughout the year. City Scans help drive platform enabled the CRP team to combine consensus among decision makers on resilient its traditional resilience analysis with custom infrastructure investment opportunities. CRP maps that better inform the client on the re- transformed the classic report format of the silience challenges it faces (box 2-1). Box 2-1. What is the City Scan? How does the City Scan help cities? A core CRP product, the City Scan tool supports World Bank and IFC operational teams to build their dialogue with clients on cities’ most pressing climate and resilience challenges. City Scans utilize the best available global geospa- tial datasets and open-source tools, from over 25 sources on economics, demographics, built form, climate, and di- sasters. The spatial, cross-sectoral thinking that City Scans promote drives consensus between local decision makers and the World Bank on addressing the complexities wrought by urbanization, inadequate infrastructure, and rising natural disasters. The methodologies CRP developed allow the Program to deliver City Scans rapidly. By the end of FY21, 85 City Scans had been created.  Box Figure 2.1.1 Box Figure 2.1.2 Summer surface temperature in Ho Chi Minh City, Expansion of built-up area affected by pluvial Vietnam. flooding in Algiers, Algeria. Built-up area affected in Cummulative built-up rainwater flood riskzone located in flood risk zone Flood risk zone 1985: 68 sq. kn Date Built 1995: 81 sq. km 2006–2015 2005: 93 sq. km Summer Surface Temperature (C) 2015: 109 sq. km Derived from Landsat 8 1996–2005 High: + 37 1986–1995 Source: World Settlement Footprint Landsat 5/7” Low: + 24 Pre 1985 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 7 Within the new StoryMap format, every one the cities of Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Tillaberi, and of the product’s ten sections includes multi- Zinder. CRP went on to produce City Scans for ple engaging questions and interactive com- Harare, Zimbabwe and for N’Djamena, Chad ponents to facilitate interaction from any level to support the respective task teams’ brand- of understanding. For example, one sequence new engagements with their government might include: a question about a particular counterparts on informal settlements and climate topic, an interactive map that solicits flooding. Like Bujumbura, Harare’s City Scan a participant’s graphical inputs on the loca- will underpin a large part of the Zimbabwe tions of the climate risk, a comparison map Urbanization Review and support early dia- that shows differences between participant logue with government counterparts on how input and an official dataset, and a reflection to plan, sequence and prioritize urban resil- question. These interactive City Scans afford ience investments, which may lead the gov- the flexibility to engage with the components ernment to seek financing from development that are most suitable for a particular city and partners for this purpose. drive the highest-value conversations at a particular time. The CRP continued to create City Scans for task teams in other regions as well. It developed City City Scans can be used in large, virtual confer- Scans for Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ences, one-on-one meetings, and everything for a task team in IFC’s Upstream Department, in between. It’s been used for the first time in CRP’s first client engagement there. Next, the the interactive, teaching modality that CRP CRP created four City Scans for the cities of envisioned and created in FY21. Aktobe, Almaty, Nur-Sultan, and Shymkent in Kazakhstan to support the Metropolitan and “Feedback on the StoryMap version Territorial Development Support RAS on urban of the City Scans included praise of agglomeration. CRP developed City Scans for the ‘flexibility of the system’ and ‘the three additional cities: (i) in Algiers, Algeria, to powerful picture and story that this facilitate the World Bank’s first engagement tool depicts’. […] ESRI confirmed that in years with the client on disaster risk the online City Scan is one of the most management as well as a knowledge exchange extensive and ambitious use cases of event; (ii) Phnom Penh, Cambodia, through the StoryMaps yet.” World Bank’s Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy Global Practice to support the development of climate and disaster risk City Scans have remained a highly sought af- screening tools for the client; and (iii) in Kolkata, ter product throughout the year, following the India—CRP’s first City Scan in the South Asia South Africa workshop in December 2020 (see Region—to help the task team understand Box 2.2). The City Scan CRP created for Bujum- the local context better for its inland water bura, Burundi formed a foundational part of transport development project including the Burundi Urbanization Review; together, waterfront rehabilitation and resilience this helped convince the Government of the enhancement. need to prioritize financing urban resilience building for which it is now seeking World Bank CRP also delivered City Scan data packages to and development partner support. Next, CRP 23 cities on task teams’ requests. In support created a City Scan for Lagos, Nigeria, support- of task team re-engagement with clients, ing the task team’s upstream efforts there in CRP also updated the previously produced slum upgrading, solid waste management, and City Scans for Pristina, Kosovo, and Dammam, coastal erosion. The Task Team used the Scan Saudi Arabia. directly to engage with the government on how to dimension and prioritize the resilience “Collectively, CRP’s 30 city scans challenge in the context of their other urban for this Fiscal Year doubled the target development priorities. of 15.” The CRP was then requested to create City Scans for three cities in Niger–Agadez, Nia- In addition to the delivery of the City Scan mey, and Tahoua—to help the task team’s product itself, CRP continues to work on im- engagement with the client on a new urban proving the analytical components within it. resilience project, specifically in response to CRP institutionalized a spatial analysis of the widespread flooding. Soon after, the same difference in nighttime lights in a city from task team requested a further five scans for the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to sever- 8 | City Resilience Program Monsoon clouds over Kolkata, india. Photo: Sudipta Das. al months in, indicating how and where the Technical Advisory Services pandemic impacted economic activity. Ad- ditional datasets were also incorporated into CRP Planning conducted a wide variety of the City Scan. These include: (i) WorldPop’s detailed technical assistance to help design Ease of Social Distancing Index, highlighting and deliver resilience-enhancing investments spatial variation in the ease of social distanc- across multiple engagements in cities across ing across urban spatial units; (ii) Facebook’s the world. Data for Good’s Relative Wealth Index, spa- tially indicating the relative standard of living; In collaboration with the Earth Observation and (iii) the German Space Agency’s World for Sustainable Development consortium,2 Settlement Footprint Evolution product to CRP delivered the results of an advanced show urban built-up area change over time as technical analysis and mapping of the land well as its Percent Impervious Product, which subsidence3 occurring in nine cities—Banjul, shows building density. The Gambia; Barisal, Bangladesh; Beira, Mo- zambique; Cap-Haitien, Haiti; Georgetown, Framework Agreements Guyana; Khulna, Bangladesh; Paramaribo, Suriname; Vinh Long, Vietnam; and Yangon, An important area of work has been the es- Myanmar. The maps highlighted to the task tablishment of a Framework Agreement for teams and their clients where the cities have Urban Flood Risk Assessments. The agree- been experiencing recent land subsidence ment facilitates the provision of best-in-class as well as uplift. CRP provided the raw data flood risk assessment and modeling services. as well, allowing for further detailed analysis Urban and DRM teams and city counterparts and understanding. Building upon this newly across the World Bank Regions receive such available data, CRP supported capacity-build- services along a significantly faster timeline, ing workshops to use and interpret the data in enabling task teams to access this both crucial six of the cities. and highly complex information quickly while improving its quality. CRP has competitively In addition, CRP extended the level of analy- procured four partner firms for the Frame- sis for Vinh Long, Vietnam by developing an work Agreement out of an initial response of in-depth online, interactive land subsidence 64 companies and assembled a team to sup- platform. This newly developed platform port task teams prepare flood risk assessment shows a wealth of information: the exposure assignments and manage the Framework of every city block as well as road infrastruc- Agreement. Several projects are in line to ture; the land displacement rate; zonal sta- deploy under this Framework Agreement as tistics; spatial patterns of land movement at soon as it becomes operational at the begin- both the building and block levels; temporal ning of fiscal year 2022. trends of movement at the building level, and 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 9 particular areas of alarm. The workshop ex- at the International Geoscience and Remote plored the platform and led to the task team’s Sensing Symposium in July 2021. further engagement in using ESA’s Geohaz- ards Exploitation Platform4 to analyze flood- In addition, CRP published the paper “Re- ing hazards. CRP also contributed to a similar motely Sensed Derived Land Surface Tem- detailed capacity-building workshop on ter- perature (LST) as a Proxy for Air Temperature rain subsidence and other hazards in Banjul, and Thermal Comfort at a Small Geographic The Gambia, and facilitated the World Bank Scale” in the peer-reviewed journal Land. This team in the Water Practice project to carry out paper helps further validate CRP’s usage of a subsidence analysis in the Valley of Mexico. remote-sensed land surface temperature to measure and assess heat that urban residents In Pristina, Kosovo, CRP conducted targeted experience. The paper illustrates how chang- spatial analysis on urban conditions and risks es in urban land cover impact urban heat and in low-income communities and incorporated cool islands. it into a customized version of the City Scan from the previous fiscal year. Moreover, CRP Also during this fiscal year, CRP contributed provided task teams with additional sets of substantially to two key World Bank knowl- customized spatial analytics. In Hanoi and Ho edge tools under development: the Country Chi Minh City, Vietnam, CRP identified indus- Climate and Development Report and the Resil- trial zones and highlighted their exposure to ience Rating System for Project Resilience. CRP’s flood risk and connection to deforestation contributions will continue as these collab- and economic activity. CRP took on this activ- orative products continue to be developed ity on the special request of an IFC Upstream through the next fiscal year. team that was doing initial exploratory work in this area. The results were integrated into the City Scans for these cities. In Mozambique, Grants CRP created an extensive set of maps on cli- mate and risks for cities in two northern prov- CRP provided a grant in La Paz and Santa Cruz, inces to help identify key urban areas to tar- Bolivia, to increase the government’s capacity get within the Northern Urban Development to manage rapid urbanization, improve living Project. CRP produced maps for 15 cities, with conditions, and reduce exposure to natural deeper dives into ten of them and a special hazards and climate change. The grant also focus on three major cities: Nacala, Nampula, supported the appraisal of a national city re- and Pemba. CRP also generated country and silience project and helped World Bank teams province maps of changes in nighttime lights in project identification and intervention de- emission since 1992, showing the growth of signs. CRP’s assistance to Bolivian cities un- cities over time. locked US$4 million in financing from SECO to enhance the sustainability and scale-up of in- Knowledge Products vestments under the Bolivia Urban Resilience Project, a project approved in February 2020 This fiscal year, CRP, in partnership with the with a US$70 million International Develop- World Bank’s Water Global Practice and Na- ment Association (IDA) credit. ture-Based Solutions Team, finalized A Cata- logue of Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Re- silience. This publication lays out options for Workshops nature-based solutions (NBS) that contribute to resilience in cities, including design draw- In addition to the Workshop in South Africa ings, examples of good practices, benefits (box 2-2), CRP delivered a virtual, one-day Di- of NBS, implementation considerations, and saster Risk Reduction Workshop for municipal background material. Related to its technical officials in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, funded by advisory services on land subsidence in nine the Saudi Arabia City Institutional Strength- cities, CRP co-authored a paper entitled “EO- ening Program RAS. This followed the update 4SD Disaster Risk Reduction Terrain Motion CRP produced of the Dammam City Scan from Products in Support of the City Resilience Pro- the previous fiscal year. The workshop intro- gram.” The paper demonstrates the feasibility duced clients to the crucial climate and disas- and utility of the analytical methods and re- ter challenges facing Dammam and facilitated sults for monitoring cities for this geophysical the task team’s support to local officials’ key hazard. The paper was eventually presented development concerns. 10 | City Resilience Program Box 2-2. Resilient Capital Investment Planning Workshop in South Africa In December 2020, CRP held a virtual Resilient Capital Investment Planning Workshop for South Africa’s eight Metropolitan Municipalities. Funded by SECO as part of the World Bank’s Infrastructure Investment and Integrated Urban Development Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS) program in South Africa, the Workshop had been planned for in-person delivery, yet CRP committed to scale its methodologies and products to a virtual format for the first time. This allowed the RAS to launch without delays. Spread out over four days with over 100 participants, the event included interactive walkthroughs and discussions of City Scans for each city, technical breakout sessions, guidance on harnessing the private sector for bankable resilient investment enhancement, and concluded with each city delivering a resilient capital investment project pitch that incorporated the workshop’s learnings to an investor panel from real financing institutions – including the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Global Infrastructure Facility, and the Development Bank of Southern Africa. The technical content, interactive tools, and workshop organization all received overwhelmingly positive feedback. Eight public-private partnership and land value capture resilient infrastructure projects emerged from the Workshop as starting points for project engagement with the city clients. This process further generated up to 13 potential projects; following scoping, the World Bank through CRP is now supporting the preparation and financing of eight of these projects—in waste management, renewable energy, flood management, river and wetlands rehabilitation and restoration, and more. Funding for several of these was mobilized from the Global Infrastructure Facility, continuing its engagement from its participation in the Workshop’s project pitch panel. The IFC is also working with the cities of Cape Town and Nelson Mandela Bay to support two of the non-World Bank projects that the Workshop engendered: the preparation of resilient infrastructure projects on energy efficiency in municipal buildings and water supply interventions. CRP produced City Scans for the eight South African cities attending the South Africa Resilient Capital Investment Planning Workshop. These Scans, presented at the Workshop, represented the first deliverable of the South Africa RAS. Adapting to the newly remote delivery model for the workshop, CRP scaled up the City Scans into an interactive, dynamic, e-learning format that elicits and captures more participant perspectives on urban, climate, disaster, and resilience conditions, compares them to the best available data, and facilitates conversations and resolutions on resilience-enhancing capital investment project needs and priorities. In addition to its standard free and openly available data sources and methodologies, CRP scoured a wide range of academic and official sources for new, insightful data specific to South African cities to help fill in information gaps. Through this effort, the clients benefited from several datasets newly available to them, for example a spatial layer showing the location of informal settlements and another showing the relative suitability of land for human settlement. The City Scans were keystones of the South Africa Workshop, in which participants used their learnings to develop resilient project pitches and form the foundation for all subsequent activities under the four-year RAS. The website for the City Scans was shared directly with the South Africa city clients for their ongoing use and benefit. Over the coming Fiscal Year, they will be further customized and institutionalized in South Africa’s National Treasury for the cities to take further advantage of available local data and working processes. In addition, several cities are pursuing further World Bank support on technical assistance applications introduced to them in the workshop, including locally driven urban heat assessment (with CRP support) and urban simulation modeling. 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 11 2.2 Finance for Resilience CRP’s work in the Finance for Resilience pillar has focused on three main groups of engagements; first, continuation of support to pre-FY21 activities; second, support to newly originated opportunities, though a combination of in-house and firm delivered expertise; and third, ad hoc technical assistance either as externally funded cross support, or targeted use of in-house expertise to provide specific review functions. Operation City Clean Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Photo: © Adou Innocent Kouadio | Dreamstime.com. Irbid Municipality’s revenues and delivered Ongoing Engagements a report on LVC potential, while IFC offered CRP supports in-house work contracted by a loan and a feasibility study including envi- the Urban Global Practice in Ulaanbaatar, ronmental and social impact related activities, Mongolia. CRP-funded technical assistance is and due diligence of municipal finances. CRP looking at potential structures for the provi- delivered an LVC report informing potential sion of a new industrial park and consequent options to help close the viability gap for release of city center, riverside land for higher the proposed IFC financing. The project has, value uses, and reduction in pressure on river however, paused because of the deteriorat- water resources. ing situation of Irbid’s financial balance sheet caused, in part, by the impact of COVID-19. In Irbid, Jordan’s second largest city, CRP con- With CRP’s technical support also on hold, the tinued working closely with IFC on the possi- program has made efforts to explore poten- ble relocation of the city’s wholesale fruit and tial EU grant funding as a possible solution to vegetable market. If the relocation occurs, it is the viability gap. expected to result in benefits from: (i) improv- ing public health;(ii) supporting employment In Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, and Dakar, Senegal, generation in an area with a sizeable refugee the CRP has continued to stand by to provide population; and (iii) releasing city center land further support as and when the correspond- for resilience-informed redevelopment. CRP ing solid waste transactions move forward. concentrated on ways to boost the Greater 12 | City Resilience Program Newly Originated or Extended Engagements Continuing previous early stage work, the CRP Similarly, during FY21, CRP progressed its en- mobilized two specialist PPP and solid waste gagement in Maputo, Mozambique, result- consultants to support the IFC-structured ing in the contract and delivery of a thorough Ddundu landfill in Kampala, Uganda, to pro- assessment of potential land value capture vide the technical analysis needed to unlock (box 2-3) opportunities in three strategically a Private Infrastructure Development Group important regions of the city. Through a spe- (PIDG) capital grant and ensure the project cialized economic development consultancy is ready to move quickly should viability gap and CRP’s own in-house expertise, the work funding become available. Such funding has led to a follow-on request from the city’s would enable the project to provide a mod- mayor to progress a pilot transaction in a ern landfill suitable for disposal of waste from way that aligns with the World Bank’s lend- a large portion of the city and allow the exist- ing project. ing dump to be decommissioned, removing In another innovative step for the program, an environmental and social blight for the city CRP has contracted a specialist firm to provide and surrounding neighborhoods. an affordability assessment for the proposed World Bank and IFC supported water reuse The CRP delivered a prefeasibility study for the facility in Ahmedabad, India. The facility is of proposed new World Bank-supported landfill critical importance for a city and region strug- in Accra, Ghana, a city where less than 60 per- gles to balance depleting water reserves with cent of waste is disposed of in a purpose-built ongoing economic pressure to support local facility. This study, delivered by a specialized water-intensive textile businesses. Should the firm and CRP’s in-house expertise, provides city decide to move forward, the facility may an assessment of potential business models be partly financed by the World Bank with IFC along with a summary of the likely challenges Advisory providing transaction structuring or advantages of each. The CRP team is ready services. to present the findings to the government as well as explore with the World Bank team how With in-house experts, the CRP is driving for- to leverage this work into a nationwide effort ward the work on multimunicipality engage- to drive improvements in solid waste disposal. ments in Indonesia and Turkey. In the former, Box 2.3: What is Land Value Capture (LVC)? Land value capture is a set of policy instruments that enables governments to share in the economic value generated as a result of public interventions; for example the increase in land values or levels of economic activity. Implemented correctly, the in- struments allow governments to recover portions of their funding thereby allowing those resources to be re-invested, transfer investment responsibility to developers, and in more sophisticated environments, structure financing mechanisms based on the future cash flows expected to result from the development. Examples of land value capture/land-based financing tools include: › Developer charges › Monetization of publicly-owned › Inclusionary zoning › Transferable development rights/ real estate assets (i.e. ground › Impact fees lease of public lands, sale of air rights excess assets, enhanced use › Business improvement districts › Betterment levies leasing etc.) › Tax increment financing CRP regularly applies the logic of LVC to the projects the program is called to support. CRP aims to identify appropriate instru- ments—ideally already permitted under local regulation—that can reduce the public investment needed or that would other- wise allow government budgets to benefit from the projects the World Bank supports. City Resilience Program Overview | 13 the CRP provides industry expert advice and Ad Hoc Technical Assistance technical support to procure and manage specialized advisory services that examine In Lagos, Nigeria, the CRP has reviewed model the implementation context and opportuni- masterplans for seven local government ties for LVC in Indonesia’s largest secondary sectors within the Lagos urban area, including cities. As part of the engagement in Turkey, high level review of 80 individual investments. the CRP contributed funding to a multimunic- Working with the World Bank team and city ipality program supporting capacity building counterparts, the work has concentrated in municipalities’ ability to attract private sec- on several transit-orientated development tor investment in resilient infrastructure. The opportunities related to proposed transit hubs work is ongoing. in areas of the city exposed to risk of flooding. In Kenya, the team has led a project investi- Further, the CRP team has provided specific gating the LVC regulatory environment across technical assistance to the World Bank’s RAS a number of key counties. The work buttress- program in South Africa. Funded by the RAS es the World Bank’s interest in driving reform and other local funding, this support has and unlocking resilience relevant private in- leveraged team expertise to allow testing of vestment in the urban space. complex approaches in project development. In addition to these engagements, the CRP also advocated its mandate to governments and World Bank task teams in Colombia, Alge- ria, and across Europe and Central Asia. Box 2-4. Combined CRP Planning and Finance in Europe and Central Asia Urban heat in Romania—a potential model Flood mitigation in Chisinau, Moldova— for the region linking sustainable transport, resilience, In Romania, the Planning and Finance for Resilience and private capital teams are collaborating with the Urban GP to help In Moldova, CRP’s Planning and Finance for Resil- cities combat urban heat. The goal of both pillars ience teams are working with the Transport Global in helping the subject cities is to discover potential Practice to help the city of Chisinau conceptualize models for application across the more heat-affect- resilient parking solutions that generate revenue and ed areas of the ECA region. CRP Planning for Resil- adapt the city to flooding. ience executed a comprehensive study in support of CRP Planning for Resilience produced post-event the task team’s initiative to mitigate urban heat. The standing water maps of two major floods from 2017 first stage covered detailed mapping and investiga- and 2020 that highlight areas of poor water infiltra- tion of urban heat intensity and its manifestation in tion and help select sites for flood-resilient parking marginalized communities across five cities. It cross- lot development. referenced the findings with an analysis of each city’s urban plans to identify planned projects and urban In tandem, CRP Finance for Resilience delivered be- heat island innovations that can contribute to tar- spoke concept-level research into how various en- geted heat mitigation. The work identified priority gineering solutions for off-street parking. It offered cities and underserved neighborhoods on which to amplified storm water management elements that focus next steps for the greatest impact. The five cit- can help address the identified flood risk. This was ies are Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Craiova, Iasi, and Ti- accompanied by best practice considerations of how misoara, with initial survey study performed on five to introduce paid municipal parking in Chisinau to more cities before examining these. Bucharest and generate additional revenue for the city and also to Cluj-Napoca were selected for the next stage, which contribute to the city’s wider sustainable transport has started and will continue into FY22. As part of the goals. same engagement, CRP Finance for Resilience will The CRP used a combination of in-house CRP pri- focus on: (i) refining a portfolio of identified priority vate finance and flood risk expertise in its delivery. projects and proposed developments; (ii) an assess- It recruited the services of an international car park- ment of likely investment costs and revenues for ing firm with a strong track record in incorporating urban heat reduction mechanisms; and (iii) an initial flood-mitigating solutions in structured and surface study of financing and funding options. parking designs and a local engineer. 14 | City Resilience Program 2.3 Partnerships for Resilience Activities under CRP’s Partnership for Resilience pillar continued to focus on enhancing both external and internal partnerships. External Partnerships project in Dakar, Senegal is under advanced discussions, and further dialogue is ongoing RECIDE for additional projects in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The Resilient Cities Development (RECIDE) pro- gram technical assistance (TA) administrative RVO and AFD agreement was signed between the World Furthermore, CRP facilitated co-financing pro- Bank and the European Commission on De- gramming with the Netherlands Enterprise cember 23, 2020. The program gives the World Agency (RVO) and the Agence Française de Bank approximately €10 million to provide Développement (AFD) for project teams with upstream sourcing and prefeasibility technical an interest in further support. The RVO is al- and financial work for resilience-related urban ready co-financing with GPURL in Beira, Mo- infrastructure investments with potential to zambique, and is pursuing co-financing with use guarantees to mobilize private capital. The the Urban Global Practice engagement in Ga- World Bank also has to provide appraisal and rowe in Somalia following the connection es- technical advice for structuring guarantees tablished at the CRP Madrid workshop in July where a guarantee is relevant. The program will 2019. CRP has connected the practice manag- be implemented by the CRP team in the World er and project team with RVO in Niger. Initial Bank’s Urban Global Practice in partnership discussions on co-financing with the AFD in with the guarantees team at IPG in support of the urban space mainly focused on Africa. relevant investment project financing (IPFs) in the World Bank’s pipeline. Resilient Cities Network The CRP partnered with the Resilient Cities Net- AECID work to host the “Cities on the Frontline Speaker The RECIDE program opened a new avenue Series”5 in March 2020. The objective of the se- of co-financing with the Spanish Agency for ries is to share knowledge to help cities respond International Cooperation (AECID) as an inte- to the pandemic crisis and to plan toward a resil- gral part of its program. The CRP seeks to fa- ient recovery. It serves as a platform for city and cilitate such co-financing opportunities and government practitioners and resilience experts to support project level co-financing process- to openly and honestly discuss specific topics ing for World Bank teams working on urban and share tangible examples that can be of help infrastructure, including for publicly financed to cities. More than 5,500 participants mainly engagements. A first co-financing agreement city representatives from around the world have with AECID for a solid waste management attended the series. City Resilience Program Overview | 15 MCR2030 services (RAS). CRP Finance is providing af- In October 2020, the CRP became one of the fordability support to IFC advisory mandates core partners of the Making Cities Resilient in Kampala, Uganda, and Ahmedabad, India. 2030 (MCR2030) campaign, led by the Unit- Further, CRP holds regular portfolio calls with ed Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. IFC looking to expand opportunities. MCR2030’s goal is to ensure that cities be- come inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable GIF by 2030. MCR2030 created a platform where Further, the CRP is delivering the first grant core partners can share tools, practices, and that the program has mobilized from the services in their pursuit of resilience. The CRP Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF). This has made available a wide range of its ser- $490,000 award supports the South Africa vices on this platform to support cities and to RAS and allows the team to blend in the infra- coordinate resilient action at a global level. structure finance expertise available from GIF with CRP’s own real estate capacity. Additionally, during FY21, the CRP team also organized webinars for partner organizations IPG to raise awareness about CRP’s technical assis- The CRP continues to work closely with col- tance services and to establish new partner- leagues in the Infrastructure Finance, PPPs ships. Such webinars included interactive ses- & Guarantees Group (IPG) in the design and sions on City Scans with the Austrian Federal implementation of the RECIDE program, for Ministry of Finance and SECO in February and example, in joint conversations with the task Asian Development Bank in March. CRP also team of Dakar, Senegal. profiled the newly developed City Scan Story- Maps to external audiences in two event pre- sentations, one at the Urban and Regional In- formation Systems Association’s GIS-Pro 2020 Communication conference, and another at an ESRI event that highlighted the new use case for StoryMap In FY21, the CRP team overhauled its com- product. munication approach. CRP produced a com- munication action plan, outlining its strate- At the 2020 Understanding Risk Forum, the gy, target audience, and key deliverables for CRP ran “Map Your City’s Future: A Spatial Data the calendar year 2021. It redesigned its CRP for Resilience Workshop,” an interactive session webpage on the GFDRR website, and migrat- teaching participants, including city officials, ed all relevant information regarding the pro- to recombine geospatial layers for insights into gram there. The CRP produced and uploaded risks and resilient urban planning with the cit- an interactive map with all of CRP’s engage- ies of Banjul, The Gambia; Cap-Haitien, Haiti, ments to the page. The map allows visitors and Douala, Cameroon, as workshop use cases. and collaborators an opportunity to interact Also at the Forum, the CRP presented the “The directly with some of CRP’s work in their coun- Risk Data Library Project: Developing an Open tries of interest. Standard for Risk Data” session, illustrating how GFDRR’s Risk Data Library helps City Scan The CRP also created a LinkedIn account for streamline data production and generate new the program to share communication deliv- data and overlays. erables and create a community of practi- tioners. Among the deliverables shared were Internal Partnerships three “Results in Resilience” stories on some of our most successful engagements in Bolivia, IFC Peru and Tanzania. The CRP is also working on deepening col- laboration with a number of International Fi- The program also produced, in conjunction nance Corporation (IFC) teams. For instance, with the Tanzania Urban Resilience Program, it provides specific land value capture (LVC) a video showcasing how it works on urban based support in Irbid, Jordan. In South Afri- flooding and land value capture in Dar es Sa- ca, IFC teams have been included in the inter- laam.6 An animated video presenting the pro- national financial institution (IFI) panel to de- gram and its objectives is in the final stages of liver the resilient cities’ reimbursable advisory production. 16 | City Resilience Program 2. City Resilience Program Overview | 17 Costa Verde, Lima, Peru. Photo: Christian Vinces. 2.4 Monitoring of Results Strategic Objective 1 Cities have increased access to tools and technical support to effectively plan for resilience (table 2-1). Table 2.1 Results Framework for Strategic Objective 1 FY21 FY21 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 FY20 Target Actual Cumulative # of digital technology n.a 9 3 1 4 16 products developed 1.1 New Digital technology and knowledge products # of knowledge products developed to support cities and case studies developed in their resilience planning n.a 1 1 2 3 5 which focus on planning for resilience # of City Scans delivered to n.a. 41 14 15 30 85 cities 1.2 Cities provided with # of CRP workshops upstream operational and organized with a resilience- n.a. 1 1 1 1 3 technical support in areas planning focus of resilience planning # of cities that participated in CRP workshops with a n.a. 11 23 8 8 42 resilience-planning focus 1.3 Cities provided with # of cities that received support to design and scaled-up technical implement resilience- assistance on design 3 4 n.a. 2 18 25 enhancing investments and implementation of resilience-enhancing investments Source: CRP Results Framework Note: “n.a.” in the table indicates “not applicable”. 18 | City Resilience Program Progress Results FY21 4 new digital Three knowledge Thirty City Scans: One four-day workshop technology products: products and case Cities that received on resilient capital StoryMap platform was studies: The CRP City Scans were: Algiers investment planning: the most prominent and developed: (i) a case in Algeria; Bujumbura Eight cities attended far-reaching product study of remote sensing in Burundi; N’Djamena the virtual workshop in created. It organizes techniques to analyze in Chad; Phnom Penh December 2020, which and delivers more land surface temperature in Cambodia; Kolkata was funded externally. interactive, dynamic measurements as a in India; Aktobe, All the attendees were City Scans in a remote proxy for air temperature Almaty, Nur-Sultan, and from South Africa— workshop setting, as applied in Jeddah, Shymkent in Kazakhstan; Buffalo City, City of Cape which will be adopted Saudi Arabia; (ii) a Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Town, City of Ekurhuleni, as embedded tools by study demonstrating Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, City of Johannesburg, several city clients. The techniques for Tillaberi, and Zinder in City of Tshwane, CRP developed two conducting terrain Niger; Lagos in Nigeria; eThekwini, Mangaung, products related to land deformation analysis Buffalo City, City of Cape and Nelson Mandela Bay. subsidence: (i) detection as applied in nine CRP Town, City of Ekurhuleni, and mapping of vertical cities; and (iii) the World City of Johannesburg, terrain motion, and (ii) Bank’s “Catalogue of City of Tshwane, analysis of urban blocks Nature-Based Solutions eThekwini, Mangaung, and road infrastructure’s for Urban Resilience,” in and Nelson Mandela Bay exposure to this hazard. collaboration with the in South Africa; Hanoi It also developed a Nature-Based Solutions and Ho Chi Minh City in mapping of change team at the World Bank. Vietnam; and Harare in in economic activity Zimbabwe. during the pandemic for inclusion in City Scan. Eighteen cities Khulna, Bangladesh; Nampula, and Pemba); received scaled-up Paramaribo, Suriname; and Chisinau, Moldova, technical assistance: Vinh Long, Vietnam; received a spatial The CRP provided TA and Yangon, Myanmar); analysis of standing on the design and five cities in Romania water following two implementation of received detailed urban separate flood events resilience-enhancing heat island analysis as and the floodwaters’ investments. The it affects marginalized spatial relationship to beneficiaries were: nine communities— existing and potential global cities received Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, parking lots. land subsidence spatial Craiova, Iasi, and analysis support Timisoara (box 2-4); (Banjul, The Gambia; three major cities in Barisal, Bangladesh; Mozambique received Beira, Mozambique; extensive spatial analysis Cap-Haitien, Haiti; mapping across a Georgetown, Guyana; variety of topics (Nacala, City Resilience Program Overview | 19 Strategic Objective 2 Cities have increased access to multiple sources of financing to ensure that planned investments in resilience come to fruition (table 2-2). Table 2.2 Results Framework for Strategic Objective 2 FY21 FY21 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 FY20 Target Actual Cumulative 2.1 Upstream activities and # of knowledge products developing knowledge and cases studies products to help identify n.a. 1 3 1 1 5 developed, which focus on opportunities in mobilizing finance for resilience finance for resilience # of rapid capital assessments delivered to 45 27 n.a. 13 2 74 and utilized by cities 2.2 Cities assisted in upstream operational # of CRP workshops and technical support organized with a resilience- 1 1 1 1 1 4 to mobilize capital for financing focus investments in resilience # of cities that participated in CRP workshops with a 45 n.a. 23 8 8 76 resilience-financing focus # of cities receiving scaled- up technical assistance on design and implementation 12 12 6 6 11 41 2.3 Cities supported of resilience-enhancing to mobilize capital for investments investments in resilience # of de-risking mechanisms deployed in project n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. operations Source: CRP Results Framework Note: “n.a.” in the table indicates “not applicable”. 20 | City Resilience Program Progress Results FY21 One new Two Rapid Capital One four-day Eleven cities car park design; knowledge Assessments: workshop on received scaled- Indonesia multicity product: This Given the lack resilient capital up technical on LVC); Irbid, was an internally of a traditional investment assistance: The Jordan on LVC; focused document CRP origination planning: Eight CRP provided Kampala, Uganda for the Colombia workshop, the cities attended TA to help with on solid waste Task Team to help RCAs were used virtually in the design and management; them prepare sparingly during December 2020, implementation Kenya Multcity on their approach FY21, once in all from South of resilience- LVC; Lagos, Nigeria to the Medellin Lagos to inform the Africa—Buffalo enhancing (TOD); Maputo, tax increment early stages of the City, City of Cape investments. Mozambique financing (TIF) ASA, and then in Town, City of Detailed earlier on LVC; Turkey engagement, Algiers to support Ekurhuleni, City in the report, multicity on LVC) which is being the World Bank’s of Johannesburg, these include: as with Romania partly funded by mission to explore City of Tshwane, Accra, Ghana multicity. the Public–Private opportunities for eThekwini, on solid waste Infrastructure resilience-related Mangaung, and management; Derisking Advisory Facility investments. Nelson Mandela Ahmedabad, India mechanisms: The (PPIAF). Bay). It was funded on waste water CRP did not deploy externally. reuse; Chisinau, any derisking Moldova on flood mechanisms in mitigation through FY21. City Resilience Program Overview | 21 Medellin, Colombia. Photo: Juan Fernando Velez Melguizo. Strategic Objective 3 Cities can leverage global partnerships to support their resilience objectives (table 2-3). Table 2.3 Results Framework for Strategic Objective 3 FY21 FY21 Intermediate Outcome Results Indicator FY18 FY19 FY20 Target Actual Cumulative # of World Bank technical teams engaged to 6 25 5 2 8 44 operationalize and scale 3.1 Technical knowledge support to cities about resilience leveraged for application in cities # of digital technology firms engaged in n.a. 6 6 5 5 17 developing CRP products 3.2 Co-financing # of IFIs mobilized as agreements generated with cofinanciers of CRP n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. development partners investment programs 3.3 Participation in international events # of international events to highlight CRP 4 3 5 6 4 16 showcasing CRP programmatic approach and showcase CRP products Source: CRP Results Framework Note: “n.a.” in the table indicates “not applicable”. Progress Results FY21 Eight additional Five new partnerships IFIs: Although the CRP CRP participated in technical working with digital technology did not mobilize any four external events: groups: The CRP firms: The CRP IFI co-financing during The CRP took part in supported many benefited from the FY21, discussions are the Understanding Risk working groups: expertise of Felixx, ongoing with various Forum in November IFC Upstream, IFC Arup, Deltares, Jeremy project teams regarding 2020; the Urban and Investments, IFC Benn Associates and potential co-lending Regional Information Advisory, the Water Royal HaskoningDHV opportunities. System Association: GIS- Global Practice, the in a number of its Pro 2020 in September Environment Global engagements. 2020; and an ESRI Practice, the Transport webinar in March 2021 Global Practice, the along with a World Urban Global Practice, Bank organized public and the Infrastructure panel on the challenges Finance, PPPs & around scaling Guarantees group. investment in cities, as well as an IPG panel. 22 | City Resilience Program Box 2-5. Gender Mainstreaming in CRP’s activities CRP’s funded activities follow t ​ he World Bank/GPURL7 Several specific indicators illustrate the integration of and GFDRR’s Gender strategies and guidelines​ . The gender into CRP activities. Their direct and indirect World Bank Gender equality strategy outlines that contribution is witnessed in several projects funded “gender equality is a core development objective in its by the Program. In Abidjan for example, the end tar- own right, and it is also a smart development policy and get of resident women protected against flooding in business practice. Gender equality is a key pathway to the Urban Resilience and Solid Waste Management ensuring lasting poverty reduction and shared prosper- Project is 400 000.​Similarly, in the Greater Accra ity”. To support gender mainstreaming in the urban Resilient and Integrated Development Project, one sector projects, several guidance documents8 have of the gender indicators is the number of females been developed and served as key orientation for the benefitting from disaster preparedness trainings and implementation of gender sensitive activities in the disaster simulation exercises. As another example, in World Bank. Through its objective of building capac- the Metropolitan Buenos Aires Urban Transformation ity to plan for and mitigate adverse impacts of disas- Project, number of females provided with improved ters and climate change, CRP also aims to strengthen housing reached 1 413 as of April 2021. ​ the resilience of women as key actors in the overall development of the city. Notes 1. The Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) StoryMap platform. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/ 2. A European Space Agency initiative to support the uptake of Earth Observation-derived information in sustainable develop- ment. More information at https://eo4sd.esa.int/ 3. Subsidence is the process by which an area of land sinks to a lower level than the land surrounding it, or a building begins to sink into the ground. 4. The platform is available at: http://eo4sd-drr.gisat.cz/vinhlong 5. Cities on the Frontline. https://resilientcitiesnetwork.org/programs/cities-on-the-frontline-speaker-series/ 6. Video on CRP’s urban flooding and land value capture in Dar es Salaam. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-LfPydaOME 7. Global Practice of Urban, Resilience, and Land 8. “Handbook for Gender-Inclusive Urban Planning Design”, World Bank, February 2020; “Gender Equality, Infrastructure and PPPs”, World Bank, May 2019; “Addressing Gender Gaps in Housing Interventions”, World Bank, Guidance note, August 2021; “Mainstreaming Gender in Water Management” UNDP, Resource Guide, 2006; “Mainstreaming Gender in Road Transport: Operational Guidance for World Bank Staff”, World Bank, May 2010 City Resilience Program Overview | 23 3. Looking Ahead Program Level cite are the urban heat mitigation program- ming CRP is leading in Romania, as well as At the program level, CRP’s priorities for FY22 several other pipeline initiatives for groups will focus on: of cities across countries and regions. CRP Planning will also deepen its collaboration › Deepening collaboration between the with GFDRR’s Nature-Based Solutions team Planning and Finance pillars of the to develop joint tools, along with producing program including identification of further new digital technology and knowledge prod- subsectors where such collaboration is ucts to strengthen the foundations of resil- relevant; ience-informed planning. › Delivering virtual origination workshops initially for the ECA region and then for a global audience, likely on a regional basis Finance for Resilience to ease time zone logistics; On the CRP Finance side of the program, the › Initiating implementation of RECIDE under team aims to continue the balance of gener- the CRP umbrella, allowing the program to ating new opportunities, both through inter- scale the implementation of its tools and nal World Bank relationships and outreach, as approaches; well as through the planned FY22 workshops. The team will progress to deepen existing en- › Building the case for further donor gagements. While transactions can take years commitments through improved to come to fruition, progress is encouraging communications for example case studies particularly in the increasing levels of con- of the team’s work and impact. fidence placed in the team by both govern- Further, the team will continue to monitor ment officials and World Bank task team leads feedback from task teams and, where in line (TTLs). The team also plans to formalize the with the program’s mandate, consider devel- steadily evolving multifaceted Transaction oping new products such as an asset-focused Entry Point Assessment to help further im- resilience review. prove triaging opportunities and the design of support. Planning for Resilience A key priority for CRP’s Planning for Resilience Partnerships for Resilience thematic area is to continue supporting cit- In the coming year, expanding the donor base ies to fill high-demand technical knowledge of the program will remain the top priority gaps quickly. Globally, CRP Planning will offer for the Partnership pillar. The team engages World Bank task teams its newly operational systematically with institutions expressing a scaled-up technical products. These include clear interest in CRP’s urban resilience work. (i) the Framework Agreement for Urban Flood Meanwhile, CRP will continue to facilitate Risk Assessments for quickly deploying best- co-financing agreements and deeper collab- in-class flood risk assessment services, and oration with partner organizations such as (ii) new future climate scenario-based spatial the Netherlands Enterprise Agency and the analytics to support cities and teams in lon- Agence Française de Développement. The ger-term resilient spatial planning under un- team will also broaden its search for new do- certainty, remotely and on-demand. nor funding by exploring partnerships with private foundations interested in urban re- CRP Planning will extend its dedicated tech- silience. Finally, the program will continue nical support to specific resilience-enhancing to promote and participate in initiatives that investment development. Few examples to support cities in their pursuit of resilience. 24 | City Resilience Program 4. Financial Statement and Donors 4.1 Financial Overview urban resilience investments in the Europe and Central Asia region. This section provides a brief overview of the financial contributions to the CRP since incep- During FY21, the Austrian Federal Ministry tion and disbursement as of June 30, 2021. of Finance made a financial contribution of US$2.45 million to the CRP MDTF, which was The City Resilience Program Multi-Donor received in December 2020. The donor also Trust Fund (CRP MDTF) managed by GFDRR expressed a preference for the Europe and (Appendix A) has obtained generous con- Central Asia region. tributions from two donors: the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Cooperation (SECO) In addition, the CRP has benefitted from fi- and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance. nancial support through the core GFDRR SECO pledged US$9 million to the CRP MDTF MDTF. This includes a US$1.78 million contri- in October 2017, which were allocated across bution from the Austrian Federal Ministry of four annual installments. The first installment Finance in 2018, and in total US$3 million of of US$4 million was transferred upon signing seed funding from GFDRR MDTF resources. of the agreement in 2017, the second install- ment of US$2 million was transferred in March Contributions to the CRP MDTF have thus 2018, the third installment of US$2 million far created a financial investment income of was transferred in March 2019, and the final US$302,725, which has been added to the installment of US$1 million was transferred in trust fund balance as stipulated in the individ- March 2020. In December 2019, SECO contrib- ual Administrative Agreements with donors. uted an additional US$2.2 million, which was Contributions to CRP total US$18,725,060 at received in December 2019 and dedicated to the end of the FY21 (figure 4-1). Figure 4.1 CRP funding sources. Investment income US$302,725 GFDRR US$3,000,000 SECO US$11,200,000 Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance US$4,230,000 Source: Authors’ own derivation City Resilience Program Overview | 25 Additional sources of funding from new do- Most of CRP’s regional disbursements oc- nors are expected in FY22, including through curred in Africa and the Latin America and the RECIDE program. Such funding will be set Caribbean region; nearly 60 percent of CRP’s up as a separate program funded by the EU expenses related to these two regions. The and managed by a dedicated World Bank team. remaining four regions together account for about 28 percent of CRP’s disbursements, In addition to financial contributions, CRP’s whereby the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) re- work is to a limited extent also financed gion took the biggest share at 11 percent and through reimbursable advisory services (RAS) South Asia the smallest at three percent. The for middle- or high-income countries that share of nonregional or global spending is are being paid by countries requesting these nearly 13 percent; this also includes overall services. During FY20, Saudi Arabia financed program development costs (figure 4-3). the creation of city scans through a RAS that amounted to approximately US$60,000 in staff costs. As of June 30, 2021, US$11.9 million of the total funding have been disbursed and US$950,000 have been committed. As a result, the CRP is starting FY21 with a fund balance of nearly US$5.8 million (figure 4-2). Figure 4.2 CRP trust fund balance. Fund balance US$5,800,000 Disbursed US$11,900,000 Committed US$950,000 Source: Authors’ own derivation Figure 4.3 CRP disbursements by region. Non-reg. 12,8% SAR 2,7% MNA 7,7% AFR 35,4% LAC 24,1% EAP 10,5% ECA 6,8% Source: Authors’ own derivation 26 | City Resilience Program 4.2 Donors and Partners arrangements with other multilateral banks either on an ad hoc basis or through systemat- CRP’s main donors are the Swiss State Secre- ic arrangements and framework agreements. tariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the Austri- an Federal Ministry of Finance, as well as the The 4th CRP Steering Committee was held Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and on November 9, 2020 with participation from Recovery (GFDRR). The CRP collaborates also Austria and SECO as formal members and the with several international partner organiza- Netherlands as an observer. The main pur- tions including the Spanish Development pose was to review program implementation Agency (AECID), the European Commission, over the last fiscal year (FY20) and request in- the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO), the puts from donors on the upcoming workplan. Global Resilient Cities Network, and others. A key part of the discussion evolved further about the World Bank’s Umbrella Trust Fund The CRP cooperates with partners who have reform and anticipated impact on the CRP an interest in urban development and disas- from a donor perspective—mainly on gover- ter risk management, and priorities in financ- nance and reporting. The Steering Committee ing efforts aimed at urban resilience, capital endorsed the Annual Report for FY20 and mobilization, private sector development and Workplan FY21–22. innovation. The CRP also pursues cofinancing City Resilience Program Overview | 27 Appendix A. Key Trust Fund Data TF Name City Resilience Program Multi-Donor Trust Fund TF Number TF072921 Activation Date October 19, 2017 Total allocations US$ 13,644,228.00 End Disbursement Date December 31, 2027 Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Austrian Federal Donors Ministry of Finance TF Managers Manuela Chiapparino, Stephan Zimmermann Supervising Manager Niels Holm-Nielsen TF Name CRP allocations through GFDRR Multi-Donor Trust Fund TF Numbers TF072584 & TF 072236 Total allocations US$ 4,778,080.00 End Disbursement Date December 31, 2021 Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance (US$ 1,780,000) Donors Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (US$ 3,004,304) TF Managers Cristina Otano Supervising Manager Niels Holm-Nielsen 28 | City Resilience Program Appendix B. List of Cities in the City Resilience Program 1. Tirana, Albania 49. Osh, Kyrgyz Republic 99. Dakar, Senegal 2. Algiers, Algeria 50. Vientiane, Laos 100. Freetown, Sierra Leone 3. Buenos Aires, Argentina 51. Batroun, Lebanon 101. Garowe, Somalia 4. Quilmes, Argentina 52. Sidon, Lebanon 102. Mogadishu, Somalia 5. San Salvador de Jujuy, 53. Monrovia, Liberia 103. Buffalo City, South Africa Argentina 54. Blantyre, Malawi 104. City of Cape Town, South 6. Santa Fe, Argentina 55. Penang, Malaysia Africa 7. Barisal, Bangladesh 56. Bamako, Mali 105. City of Ekurhuleni, South 8. Chittagong, Bangladesh 57. Chisinau, Moldova Africa 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh 58. Darkhan , Mongolia 106. City of Johannesburg, 10. Khulna, Bangladesh 59. Erdenet, Mongolia South Africa 11. Cotonou , Benin 60. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 107. City of Tshwane, South 12. Cochabamba, Bolivia 61. Casablanca, Morocco Africa 13. El Alto, Bolivia 62. Beira, Mozambique 108. eThekwini, South Africa 14. La Paz , Bolivia 63. Maputo, Mozambique 109. Gauteng Province, South 15. Santa Cruz, Bolivia 64. Nacala, Mozambique Africa 16. Manaus, Brazil 65. Nampula, Mozambique 110. Mangaung, South Africa 17. Porto Alegre, Brazil 66. Pemba, Mozambique 111. Nelson Mandela Bay, South 18. Bujumbura, Burundi 67. Yangon, Myanmar Africa 19. Phnom Penh, Cambodia 68. Kathmandu, Nepal 112. Colombo, Sri Lanka 20. Douala, Cameroon 69. Lalitpur, Nepal 113. Paramaribo, Suriname 21. N’Djamena, Chad 70. Agadez, Niger 114. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 22. Deyang, China 71. Diffa, Niger 115. Zanzibar City, Tanzania 23. Barranquilla, Colombia 72. Dosso, Niger 116. Bangkok , Thailand 24. Cali, Colombia 73. Maradi, Niger 117. Banjul, The Gambia 25. Medellin, Colombia 74. Niamey, Niger 118. Sfax, Tunisia 26. Abidjan , Côte d’Ivoire 75. Tahoua, Niger 119. Sousse, Tunisia 27. Kinshasa, Democratic 76. Tillaberi, Niger 120. Tunis, Tunisia Republic of Congo 77. Zinder, Niger 121. Istanbul, Turkey 28. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 78. Benin City, Nigeria 122. Kahramanmaras, Turkey 29. Accra , Ghana 79. Ibadan, Nigeria 123. Rize , Turkey 30. Guatemala City, Guatemala 80. Lagos, Nigeria 124. Kampala, Uganda 31. Conakry, Guinea 81. Maiduguri, Nigeria 125. Kiev, Ukraine 32. Georgetown, Guyana 82. Port Harcourt, Nigeria 126. Montevideo, Uruguay 33. Cap-Haitien, Haiti 83. Warri, Nigeria 127. Tashkent, Uzbekistan 34. Kolkata, India 84. Yenagoa, Nigeria 128. Ca Mau, Vietnam 35. Balikpapan, Indonesia 85. Lima, Peru 129. Can Tho, Vietnam 36. Jakarta, Indonesia 86. Coron, Philippines 130. Da Nang , Vietnam 37. Semarang, Indonesia 87. Davao City, Philippines 131. Hai Phong, Vietnam 38. Irbid, Jordan 88. El Nido, Philippines 132. Hanoi, Vietnam 39. Aktobe , Kazakhstan 89. Puerto Princesa, Philippines 133. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 40. Almaty, Kazakhstan 90. Wroclaw, Poland 134. Khanh Hoa, Vietnam 41. Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 91. Bucharest, Romania 135. Rach Gia, Vietnam 42. Shymkent, Kazakhstan 92. Cluj-Napoca, Romania 136. Tra Vinh, Vietnam 43. Eldoret, Kenya 93. Craiova, Romania 137. Vinh Long, Vietnam 44. Kisumu, Kenya 94. Iasi, Romania 138. Betlehem, West Bank 45. Mombasa, Kenya 95. Timisoara, Romania and Gaza 46. Nairobi, Kenya 96. Kigali, Rwanda 139. Hebron, West Bank 47. Nakuru, Kenya 97. Dammam, Saudi Arabia and Gaza 48. Pristina, Kosovo 98. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 140. Harare, Zimbabwe City Resilience Program Overview | 29