E1972 v2 Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company East Delta Electricity Production Company El-Ain Al-Sokhna 2x650 MWe GAS/OIL THERMAL POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Al-Sokhna Power Plant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FINAL REPORT Volume ­ II(A) August 2008 ECG File No. 1312 Submitted by: Engineering Consultants Group (ECG) Bldg. 2, Block 10, El-Safarat District Nasr City 11765, Cairo, Egypt. P.O.Box: 1167. Cairo 11511, Egypt. ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company East Delta Electricity Production Company EL-AIN AL-SOKHNA 2x650 MWe GAS/OIL THERMAL POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FINAL REPORT Volume ­ II(A) August 2008 Submitted by: Engineering Consultants Group (ECG) Bldg. 2, Block 10, El-Safarat District Nasr City 11765, Cairo, Egypt. P.O.Box: 1167. Cairo 11511, Egypt. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 1 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP EL-AIN AL-SOKHNA 2x650 MWe GAS/OIL THERMAL POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Project Overview 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 2.1 Contributors to the EIA Report 2.2 Scope of the EIA Report Legal and Administrative Framework 3. GENERAL SETTING OF THE SITE: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.1 Overview of the Power Plant 4.2 Process Description 4.3 Operational Releases from the Power Plant 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Current Situation ("No Action" Option) 5.2 Alternative Technologies and Fuels 5.3 Power Plant Design 5.4 Alternative Sites 6. KEY FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Air Quality 6.3 Aquatic Environment 6.4 Noise Impacts _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 2 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6.5 Flora and Fauna 6.6 Land Use, Landscape and Visual Impacts 6.7 Soils, Geology and Hydrology 6.8 Traffic 6.9 Socio-economics and Soico-cultural effects 6.10 Archaeology, Historic and Cultural Heritage 6.11 Natural Disaster Risks 6.12 Major Accident Hazards 6.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 6.14 Occupational Health and Safety 6.15 Associated Infrastructure 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING: THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 7.1 Enhancement and Mitigation Plan 7.2 Monitoring Program 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 9. RESPONSIBILITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL 9.1 Environmental Management Organization 9.2 Environmental Training 9.3 Occupational Health and Safety 9.4 Emergency Procedure and Accident Response 10. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND REPORTING 11. CONCLUSIONS 12. REFERENCES AND CONTACTS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 3 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASPP Ain Sokhna Power Plant BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BPIP Building Profile Input Program CAA Competent Administrative Authority CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CWDS Circulating Water Discharge Structure DCS Distributed Control System DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids EAAQLs Egyptian Ambient Air Quality Limits EDEPC East Delta Electricity Production Company EEA Egyptian Electricity Authority EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EEHC Egyptian Electricity Holding Company EGSMA Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMS Environmental Management Staff ENIT Egyptian National Institute of Transport ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EUPS Egyptian Unified Power System FHWA Federal Highway Administration, (US) GARBLT General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport GEP Good Engineering Practice GDP Gross Domestic Production _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 4 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP GIS Gas-Insulated Switchgear HCM Highway Capacity Manual HFO Heavy Fuel Oil HGVs Heavy Goods Vehicles LFO Light Fuel Oil LOS Level of Service MWRI Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation MSDSs Material Safety Data Sheets MWe Mega-Watt electrical NFRA National Fire Protection Authority NRIAG National Research Institute for Astronomy and Geophysic OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCDA Public Consultation and Disclosure Activities pcph passenger car per hour PMU Project Management Unit RIGW Research Institute for Ground Water SGPP Suez Gulf (BOOT) Power Plant SPP Sokhna Power Plant SS Suspended Solids STG Steam Turbine Generator TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOC Total Organic Carbon TSS Total Suspended Solids TWA Time-Weighted Average vph vehicle per hour _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 5 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP List of Tables Table 1 Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and El-Ain Al- Sokhna Project Applicability Table 2 Environmental, Health and Safety Issues Relating to Construction and Operation of El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Table 3 Environmental Impacts and Environmental Guidelines Table 4 Institutional Arrangements for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Table 5 Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures Table 6 Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Table 7 Transmission System Impact Mitigations, Monitoring and Management. Table 8 Summary of Implementation Cost of the ESMP Table 9 Monitoring Program for Ambient Air Quality, Noise and Vibration Table 10 Monitoring of the Aquatic Environment During Operation Table 11 Key Issues Raised During ESIA Scoping Meeting List of Figures Figure 1 Location of proposed El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Plant Figure 2 Location of the Proposed Site within the Context of the Suez Governorate Figure 3 General View for the Proposed Site Land Figure 4 Layout of the Proposed Power Plant Figure 5 El-Ain Al-Sokhna Air Quality Monitoring Locations _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 6 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP EL-AIN AL-SOKHNA 2x650 MWe GAS/OIL THERMAL POWER PROJECT Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1. Engineering Consultants Group (ECG), a private consulting firm (Egypt) was commissioned by the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC)/East Delta Electricity production Company (EDEPC) to prepare the technical documents and procedures required by the World Bank Group (WB) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) concerning the Environmental and Social Assessment of the El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project. 2. EEHC is seeking financial assistance from the WB & the AfDB for the construction and operation of this 2x650 MWe, dual fuel power plant. The proposed plant is designated as a Category A project under WB & the AfDB rules and a Category C project under the Egyptian environmental regulations and therefore requires a full Environmental Impact Assessment. Financing from WB & the AfDB is conditional upon obtaining the environmental clearance from all the Egyptian regulatory authorities, the WB & the AfDB. 1.2 Project Overview 3. East Delta Electricity Production Company (EDEPC), a company incorporated in Egypt and affiliated to the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) proposes to construct and operate a new thermal power plant at El-Ain Al-Sokhna, which is along the Suez Gulf and about 52km south of the city of Suez on the western coast of the Suez Gulf. The site is within an existing piece of land allocated to previous Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) (today EEHC) by the Presidential Decree No. 299 of the year 1999. The overall proposed site area is approximately 275,000 m2. 4. The proposed power plant will consist of two supercritical thermal steam units, each with a nominal electricity generating capacity of 650 megawatts (MWe), which will be known as El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Plant. The overall generating capacity of the power plant will be 1300MWe. The power plant is intended to be operational by the end of the year 2012/2013. The power output from the proposed plant will be sold to the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 7 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 5. The power plant will utilize natural gas as its primary fuel, delivered to the site via an existing pipeline to be operated by "City Gas", and also have the capability to operate using mazout (heavy fuel oil). The ability to "dual- fuel" the power plant (with natural gas or mazout) will provide security of electricity supply in the event that gas supplies are unavailable for any reason. In addition, a small emergency generator, for the plant safe shut down, operating on sollar oil (light fuel oil) will also be provided on-site to drive key items of equipment within the power plant in the event of a power supply failure, and sollar oil will also be able to be used, if required, to operate the auxiliary boiler during start-up. 6. The power plant will incorporate a direct (once through) cooling system using water abstracted from the Suez Gulf. The abstracted water will also be used, following pre-treatment demineralization and desalination, to provide process water make-up in the boiler system. Potable water supplies will be drawn from the same existing supply system for the Suez Gulf BOOT power plant. 7. The main demand for water is due to the direct cooling system. The use of a direct cooling system maximizes the electrical efficiency of the power plant and, after use, virtually all of the water will be returned to the Gulf of Suez at a slightly elevated temperature compared to the abstraction. No evaporative cooling towers are required, hence there is no opportunity for water drift or the formation of visible plumes of water vapor or ground fogging. 8. The site is bordered to the south by the 2 x 341.25 MWe Suez Gulf BOOT power plant on the rest of the land area that was allocated to the Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) (today EEHC) by the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt. EEA have granted exclusive rights of use of that adjacent land to the BOOT project company. The site of the proposed power plant is shown on Figure 1. Also, Figure 2 depicts this location within the context of the Suez Governorate. Figure 3 illustrates a general view of the proposed site land. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 8 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 1 Location of Proposed El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Plant _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 9 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 2 Location of the Proposed Site within the Context of the Suez Governorate _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 10 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 3 General View for the Proposed Site Land _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 11 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 2.1 Contributors to the EIA Report 9. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report is prepared by ECG, a private consulting firm (Egypt), based on many baseline studies undertaken by independent national and international consultants and on information provided by EEHC, EDEPC and their sub-contractors. Public consultation activities are undertaken by ECG and EEHC in conjunction with EDEPC. The ESIA report draws heavily on the environmental and social assessment documentation prepared by group of local and international multidisciplinary consultants and submitted to ECG, for preparing the ESIA report for local permitting purposes and financing requirements. All such documentations were reviewed by ECG and cleared for inclusion in this report. Most of the relevant local permits for the construction of the power plant have now been received (Further details of the relevant local permits are available in Section 2.3.1 of the main ESIA report). 2.2 Scope of the ESIA Report: Legal and Administrative Framework 2.2.1 Government of Egypt Requirements 10. Beginning in the 1950s, the Government of Egypt has promulgated several laws and regulations concerning protection of the environment. 11. The Egyptian standards have been drawn from the range of provisions in the following documents: · Law 4/1994 and the Prime Minister's Decree No. 338 of 1995, which promulgates the Executive Regulations of Law 4. · Amendment to the Law 4/1994 promulgated by the Prime Minister's Decree No. 1741 of 2005 for modifying some executive regulations of the Decree No. 338 of 1995. · Law No. 93 for 1962 regarding the drainage of liquid wastes, particularly sanitary drainage. · Law of Labor No. 12/2003. · Law No. 38/1967 amended by Law No. 31/1976 on public cleanliness and collection and disposal of solid waste. 12. Law 4/1994 requires that, for establishments requiring licenses, an environmental impact assessment must be prepared and submitted to the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) for review. The environmental impact assessment must be submitted to the EEAA by "the Competent Administrative Authority (CAA) or the licensing authority" for the project in question. For the Power Plant Project, the Competent Administrative Authority is the Suez Governorate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 12 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 13. The Suez Governorate will send the EIA to EEAA for review and provide its opinion within 60 days. Once EEAA has approved the project, a license to proceed can be issued. No additional environmental or social clearances are required other than the EIA approval to proceed with the project activities. The law requires that any new project should comply with all the relevant articles pertinent to environmental attributes, which could be impacted from project activities. 14. Egyptian EEAA regulations specify the technical scope or contents of an environmental impact assessment. As a matter of practice, environmental impact assessments for power plant projects typically have a scope and organization similar to World Bank environmental assessments. 15. In addition to environmental impact assessment requirements, the Government of Egypt has established air pollution and water pollution limits applicable to the Power Plant project. These limits are discussed in Chapter 6, alongwith the actual air and water pollution levels expected from the Power Plant. 2.2.2 World Bank Guidelines and Safeguard Policies 16. The World Bank includes environmental impact assessment as an integral part of the evaluations it performs before financing a proposed project. The World Bank's Operational Policy 4.01 (October 3, 1991 and its updates, 1999) provides guidance on the types of assessments that should be performed for different types of projects, and on the scope and content of those assessments. According to Operational Directive 4.01, thermal power plant projects require a full Environmental Assessment (EA). 17. World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies provide 10 potential issues that may need to be considered in an EA, depending on the specific characteristics of each project. Table 1 summarizes the expected triggerability of the potential Safeguard Policies for the Al-Sokhna Power Plant Project. The Safeguard Policies identified as "triggerable" are those which may be triggered and thus considered "Requiring Management". When the detailed design of the Al-Sokhna Power Plant has been determined, the EDEPC should prepare project-specific plans to manage these potential impacts. 18. No safeguard policies were triggered except for the Environmental Impact Assessment and the Involuntary Resettlement. Table 1 shows potential World Bank environmental Safeguard Policies and El-Ain Al-Sokhna project triggerability. The table justifies the triggerability or lack thereof for WB Safeguard Policies. 19. Annex B to Operational Directive 4.01 provides an outline of the information that should be included in a full EA. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment follows the scope of Annex B. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 13 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 1 Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Triggerability No. Safeguard Policy Policy Triggered? Justification 1. Environmental Yes · This policy applies to all projects requiring a Category A Assessment Environmental Assessment Under OP 4.01. · All environmental and Social aspects included in El-Ain Al- Sokhna project are adequately examined. · El-Ain Al-Sokhna project is not likely to have significant potential (reverse) environmental risks & impacts in its area of influence (impacts on the natural environment: air, water & land; human health & safety; physical cultural resources; and transboundary and global environment concerns). 2. Forest No · No forest areas exist. 3. Involuntary Yes · This policy applies to all projects triggering OP 4.12. Resettlement · The final location of all the sections of the transmission lines, which will evacuate power generated by the El-Ain Al- Sokhna power plant is not yet fully firm. These transmission lines will extend to the west direction with a length of approximately 90 km on high voltage 500 kV to connect the power plant with existing 500kV "South Tebbin/Abu Zaabal" transmission line and to the north direction with a length of about 40 km on high voltage 220 kV via opening the existing "Kattamyyah/El-Masryyah Cement" double circuit transmission line and extending it for about 40km. Land take or resettlement may be associated to the power interconnecting lines. 4. Indigenous No · The project does not affect the indigenous peoples in the Peoples project area. 5. Safety of Dams No · The project does not involve construction of a large dam. · The project is not dependent upon an existing dam. 6. Pest management No · Procurement of pesticides or pesticide application equipment is not envisaged. · The project will not affect pest management in any way. 7. Physical Cultural No · Physical cultural resources are adequately examined. Resources · The El-Ain Al-Sokhna project is not likely to have any significant impact on physical cultural resources. 8. Natural Habitats No · Natural Habitats are adequately addressed and examined. · The El-Ain Al-Sokhna project is not likely to have any significant impacts on natural habitats. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 14 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 1 (Contd.) Potential World Bank Environmental Safeguard Policies and El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Triggerability No. Safeguard Policy Justification Policy Triggered? 9. Projects in No · The EDEPC/EEHC is not involved in any disputes over an Disputed Areas area with any of its neighbors. · The project is not situated in a disputed area. · Any component likely to be financed as part of the project is not situated in a disputed area. 10. Projects on No · Cooling water abstracted from the Suez Gulf (40-52m3/sec.) International is returned totally back to it. Actual water consumption is less Waterways than 0.07% of the abstracted water. · No disturbance to the Suez Gulf waters is expected either upstream or downstream. · Hydrological/hydraulic study is carried out and the study revealed that no impact is expected and the mixing zone is limited to 70m distance with 5oC above ambient, which diluted to 3oC at a distance between 100 and 150 m with full compliance with Egyptian Law 4/1994 and WB regulations. · MWRI is in full agreement with EEHC regarding its plan for water abstraction. 20. In addition to environmental impact assessment guidelines, the World Bank has established guidelines concerning air pollution and water pollution form thermal power plants (Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook- Part III (July 1998)). The guidelines were officially published in 1988; since then, several sets of revisions have been proposed, most recently on March 22, 1996. The 1988 and proposed 1996 guidelines are discussed in Chapter 6, along with the actual air and water pollution levels expected from the Power Plant. Also, the most recent update of the World Bank Guidelines, issued in 2007 has been considered. 21. World Bank's Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook-Part III (July 1998) also, provides with principles of industrial pollution management, monitoring and air emission & effluent discharge requirements presented in the industry Guidelines including Guidelines for New Thermal Power Plants. 22. Public Consultation Process has been designed in accordance with World Bank Guidance for the Preparation of a Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (January 1996); 23. The ESIA has assessed the impacts of the construction and operation of the New El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Plant and has also considered the cumulative air quality impacts of the plant and other existing industry in the _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 15 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP project area, including the Suez Gulf BOOT power plant. Consideration has also been given to the operation of the transmission line and other outside facilities. Permits will be required from the relevant Competent Administrative Authorities. 24. The ESIA report presents the full assessment of the environmental, social, health and safety impacts of the El-Ain Al-Sokhna power plant. This Executive Summary presents a short resume of the findings of the ESIA report. For further details, reference should be made to the full ESIA report. 2.2.3 African Development Bank Guidelines 25. The African Development Bank follows a policy which stipulates that "at the identification phase, the screening exercise focuses on the environmental and social dimensions of a project to categorize it in one of four categories". "Category 1 projects are those that are likely to have the most severe environmental and social impacts and require a full ESIA", which includes thermal and hydro power plants. ANNEX 7 of the Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures (ESAP) for AfDB's Puplic Sector Operations, published in June 2001, states that "the projects assigned to Category 1 require a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), including the preparation of an ESIA Report and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). These project may also be improved by carrying out complementary studies that are not specifically required under ESAP, such as detailed gender analyses or institutional analyses. The need for such complementary studies shall be determined on a project-by-project basis during the preparation phase". 26. The African Development Bank sets out its procedures and policies with regard to conducting environmental assessment in a series of Policy and Guidelines documentation, out of them most importantly, the following documents: · African Development Bank Group's Policy on the Environment (February 2004). · Integrated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Guidelines (October 2003). · Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Procedures (ESAP) for AfDB's Puplic Sector Operations (June 2001). · Assessment Guidelines ­ Energy (March 1997). · Handbook on Stakeholder Participation (2201). · Disclosure of Information Policy (2004). · Environmental Assessment Guideline on Renewable and Non-renewable Energy (March 1997). · Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (2003). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 16 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 3. GENERAL SETTING OF THE SITE: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 27. The Al-Sokhna power plant site is located on the western coast of the Gulf of Suez, part of the Red Sea, approximately 52 km south of Suez City, and 1.6 km east of the Suez/Red Sea Highway, which runs parallel to the Gulf of Suez. The site is within the administrative boundary of the Suez governorate and its Ettaqa District. The site, also, is within the Suez industrial complex, an area being developed for industrial use. The area surrounding the site is locally known as the El-Ain Al-Sokhna area. The general site location is given in Figure 5.1 (A, B & C-Landsat image of the Suez Region). 28. The site is located in a developing industrial zone (Suez Gulf Development Corporation and El-Ain Al-Sokhna) and lies 1km south of the Al-Sokhna Port which is currently under operation. The port is being developed to be a major commercial harbour facility. Areas directly to the west and south of the proposed site are being developed with a variety of heavy and light industrial activities. 29. Land cover on the site consists primarily of bare sand, with scattered low-growing vegetation. No residences, agricultural activities or other significant land uses are located on the site or in its immediate vicinity and the arid nature of the area provides little opportunity for agricultural production. 30. The site is located some 52 km south of Suez City and is delimited by the two coordinates: Latitudes 29 30' and 30o 00' North and Longitudes 32o o 00' and 32o 30' East. 31. The annual average surface water temperature in the Suez Gulf site area is 23.6oC, with a range of 15.7oC (recorded in February) to 30.4oC (recorded in August). The highest monthly average surface water temperatures are 27.1oC in July and 28.0oC in August. 32. The project area lies within the hyperarid climatic province of Egypt characterized by a mild winter and hot summer. During 2006, the monthly average low temperature ranged between 11.5oC and 26.2oC, and the monthly average high temperature ranged between 18.6oC and 38.3oC. The high temperature exceeded 42oC in some summer days. During 2006, the average yearly temperature was around 23.9oC, and the average yearly humidity was around 52.25%. The air pressure is generally high all through the year; its minimum level occurs in August. 33. The annual average wind speed for 2006 was 4.37m/sec. Wind speeds rarely exceeded 10 meters/second. The prevailing wind direction was generally from the North and/or North Northwest for over 60% of the year. 34. The land around the Gulf of Suez is generally composed of littoral salt marsh, coastal desert plain and adjoining hills; the project area lies in the coastal desert plains, These plains extend between the littoral salt marsh belt on the seaward side and the coastal range of hills and mountains on the _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 17 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP inland side. The coastal plain is characterized by active soil transporting agencies (water and wind). Except for the main drainage channels or deltas of wadis, the coastal plain is mostly devoid of plant and animal life. 35. The only vegetation found on the project site is scattered low-growing bushes. Most of the site is bare sand. This type of habitat is not expected to provide adequate food or cover for large animals. The site probably is used by a limited number of invertebrates, reptiles, and birds. 36. Bird migration generally occurs during the autumn season. During this season, large numbers of raptors migrate and pass through the northern sector of this coastal plain, including the project site. Other migratory species utilize vegetated areas of the coastal plains. 37. The main transport infrastructure linking the Suez South area to the country main ports facilities is principally based on road network. The site is accessible through, at least, three main highways. The Suez/Red Sea highway runs parallel to the Gulf of Suez. The Maadi/El-Ain Al-Sokhna highway crosses the southern part of the area from northwest to southeast. The Wadi Hagul highway runs from Cairo/Suez highway southwards to connect with Maadi/El-Ain Al-Sokhna highway west of Suez Cement Factory. 38. The water resources in the project area are mainly: (1) the hallow and deep aquifers in the area; (2) Nile River, at Maadi-Helwan reach; (3) fresh Suez Canal irrigation branch, fed from Manayyef and Ismailia Canal; and desalination of Red Sea water. Rain is generally the main source of groundwater, either for surface sedimentary aquifers (Wadi Bedaaa and Wadi Gheweiba) or for structural aquifers deeply seated. It is belived that during the alluvial time, huge quantities of fresh water were kept in the porous beds and in wadi alluvium. Aquifers along the main valleys are recharged every now and then with rainwater. Percolation occurs when rainwater runs along the slopes to the Red Sea. Wadi Bedaaa and Wadi Gheweiba have the largest watershed area and rainwater flows. 39. The proposed site lies within the administrative boundary of the Suez Governorate. The Governorate of Suez has prepared an Urgent Development Plan (UDP) for land use management and planning (1993) and its update (2007), in which it sets out its policy to control development in the Suez region up to 2000. 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.1 Overview of the Power Plant 40. The power plant site will occupy an area of approximately 125,000 m2, within a total allocated area of 275,000 m2 rectangle-shaped piece of land and will include the following main elements: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 18 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP · Supercritical steam power plant, comprising two generating units primarily fired by natural gas, at approximately 9-11 bar gauge at the interface, but also designed to run on mazout (heavy fuel oil) in emergency situations as a secondary fuel. Each unit will consist of one outdoor supercritical steam generator for steam generation and one supercritical steam turbine generator (STG) providing 650 MWe (nominal) electrical generation capacity per unit at the 100% of the STG output case. Each STG will be fed by steam from the respective steam generator (boiler); · Circulating water system, with the main pumps and associated piping, the intake and discharge structures, the screening system, the chlorination system and the cathodic protection system; · Heavy fuel oil and light fuel oil storage tanks; · Intermediate water storage, the demineralization plant and the make up water system; and · Power will be generated at the manufacturer's standard voltage and stepped up through main transformers to be connected to the new 500kV GIS switchgear. 41. The power plant will include the following main components: · Boiler Unit 1 A. · Boiler Unit 1 B. · Auxiliary Boiler. · Steam Turbines Unit 1 A. · Elec. Bldg. Unit 1 A. · Elec. Control Bldg. Unit 1 B. · Main Transformers Unit 1 A. · Main Transformers Unit 1 B. · Aux. Transformers Unit 1 A. · Aux. Transformers Unit 1 B. · Switchyard Area. · Diesel Generator. · Switchgear Control Room. · Stacks Module 1. · Fuel Gas Receiving/Reducing Station. · Mazout Fuel Oil Unloading Pumps. · Sollar Oil Unloading Pumps. · Mazout Fuel Storage Tank 1. · Mazout Fuel Storage Tank 2. · Sollar Oil Unloading Pumps. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 19 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP · Mazout Oil Heaters/Transfer Pumps. · Sollar oil Storage Tank. · Water Treatment Area. · Circulating Water fire Water Pump House. · Circulating Water Electrical Equipment Bldg. · Chlorine Tank/Pump. · Condensate Water Tank. · Condensate Water Discharge Structure. · Condensate Water Seal Well. · Demineralized Water Storage Tank. · Waste Water Treatment Plant. · Administration Building. · Warehouse/Work Shops. · Security office. · Fire Station. · Hydrogen Generation Building. · Bottled Gas Storage/Gen. Area. · Foam Equipment. · Black Start Facility. 42. The power plant is designed to operate as a base load unit with the STG operating in sliding pressure mode up to approximately 60% load and at fixed pressure for higher loads. 43. The layout and main components for the power plant is presented in Figure 4. 4.2 Process Description 44. The key steps of the generating process of the proposed power plant are as follows: · The key inputs to the generating process are natural gas or mazout oil, which will be delivered to the site via underground pipelines (gas or mazout), together with air and water. · Natural gas (or mazout oil when natural gas is unavailable) will be mixed with air and combusted to generate steam from demineralized water to drive two turbines serving electrical generators. The combustion of the fuel is supported by injection of air. The process results in the generation of electricity and also produces hot exhaust gases. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 20 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP · The steam is cycled from the boilers through the turbines to condensers. The condensers are cooled by a direct cooling system, abstracting water from, and discharging the used effluent to, the Suez Gulf. The condensate is then returned for recirculation within the boilers. · The final exhaust gases will be discharged to the atmosphere via a flue housed in a single stack of 150 m height for each unit in accordance with emission standards set by the EEAA. The main by-products from combustion of natural gas are carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulates, which are typically associated with coal and oil combustion, will not be produced other than in trace quantities during natural gas firing. When mazout oil is used instead of natural gas (in emergency situations for only less than 2% of the total operating hours), SO2 and particulates will also be key emissions from the power plant. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 21 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 4 Layout of the Proposed Power Plant _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 22 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 4.3 Operational Releases from the Power Plant 45. During operation, the key releases into the environment from the power plant will comprise the following: · Exhaust gases, will be emitted into the atmosphere, normally from the Boilers' stack as a result of fuel combustion. Emissions from the combustion of natural gas are carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulates, which are typically associated with coal and oil combustion, will only be produced in trace quantities during natural gas firing. In emergencies when heavy fuel oil (mazout) is used instead of gas, SO2 and particulates will however be key emissions from the power plant. · Heated cooling water will be discharged into the Gulf of Suez via the cooling water discharge structure at a temperature of no more than 9.6oC at the point of discharge. Process waste water will be treated and discharged into the discharge system, which includes two pathways: one to the circulating water discharge system (CWDS) and the other to the plantation irrigation network. Any oil and residual solids will be removed before discharge and the pH of discharged water maintained at between 6 and 9. · Chlorine will be added to the cooling water system to control bacterial and algal growth on various surfaces and in the cooling water intake. The cooling water discharge will contain residual quantities of chlorine at concentrations below the World Bank standard for free chlorine of 0.2 mg/l. · Small volumes of solid wastes will be segregated, collected and disposed of by licensed waste disposal contractors. 46. The power plant incorporates a rang of measures to eliminate or reduce operational releases within its design and layout, such as low NOx burners in the boilers, oil interceptors fitted to the site drainage system and effluent treatment facilities to treat wastewater prior to discharge. As a result, the power plant is designed to meet high environmental standards and comply with the emission limits of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the World Bank. 5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Current Situation ("No Action" Option) 47. The no action alternative to the proposed El-Ain Al-Sokhna power plant would result in the demand for electricity exceeding supply, with an increasing deficit as demand increases in the future. Hence the lack of a secure and reliable electricity generation and supply system, would have significant social and economic implications including constraining existing _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 23 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP and future economic development and restricting socio-economic development. As a result, the "no action" option is not considered to be a viable or acceptable alternative to the proposed project. 5.2 Alternative Technologies and Fuels 48. On the basis of security of supply, response to demand and economic advantages, the EEHC has specified that the Al-Sokhna project should be a two gas/oil-fired supercritical steam cycle units of 650 MWe nominal generating capacity each. The EEHC's rationale for choosing this technology in preference to other electricity generating technologies as follows: 49. The EEHC generation expansion plan includes provision of the following: · gas/oil-fired steam units; · gas/oil-fired combined cycle units; · gas/oil-fired simple cycle combustion turbine units; · pumped storage; · wind farms; and · integrated solar-thermal generating units. 50. Other possible options include "importing electricity", "rehabilitation of existing power plants", "transmission and distribution investment" and "IPPs". 51. These technological alternatives constrained by the following: · Importing electricity: Egypt is interconnected to Libya and Jordan and is exporting electricity to both countries. Interconnection to Libya has a capacity of 300 MWe, and that of Jordan has a capacity of 350 MWe, which was increased to 450 MWe in 2006. Libya and Jordan are currently paying 4 USą/kWh for the Egyptian power supply. As they are net importers, there is currently not much scope for electricity imports to Egypt from the interconnected networks. In addition, the cost of electricity in both countries is much higher than that of Egypt, making it an uncompetitive alternative. There is currently no south border connection to Sudan, although there is an ongoing activities in the context of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) whereby Egypt could potentially import hydroelectric power starting approximately in 2012, if the price is competitive. However, considering the abundance of natural gas and thus the low cost electricity provision in Egypt, it will be difficult for imported electricity to be competitive. · Renewable energy: Current world market cost of wind based electricity is 5.9-7.38 USą/kWh, whilst is 2.1 USą/kWh with current grant financing for wind projects, which is higher than the cost from natural gas thermal _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 24 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP plants. Therefore, renewable energy is not competitive unless further subsidies are provided. · Rehabilitation of existing power plants: EEHC has concluded that the rehabilitation option is cost effective in seven of its existing power plants, and these sites have already been or will be rehabilitated. However, these efforts are not enough to cope with the growing demand for electricity. · Transmission and distribution investments: EEHC has developed a transmission and distribution (T&D) development plan and the T&D system is optimized for the current load requirements and generation capacity. To meet the demand growth for the fast track period and medium term expansion, a T&D investment plan has been developed. New electricity generation capacity is required in the network; therefore, strengthening of T&D capacity alone will not replace the need for the generation capacity. Furthermore, T&D losses are at a relatively low level, around 10% on average, and reducing the losses further would not free up the amount of electricity supply required. · BOOTs/IPPs: Three BOOT projects (650 MWe each) have been built in Egypt in late 1990's and early 2000's. The government is encouraging private sector participation in order to attract private investment. However, given the worldwide reduction in investor's interest in the power sector, private financing for power generation in the near term is still unlikely. 52. Consistent with the generation expansion plan, the EEHC has stipulated that the El-Ain Al-Sokhna should be gas/oil-fired supercritical steam units of a net 2x650 MWe generating capacity. The reasons for the selection of this technology are as follows: 53. The steam cycle (SC) technology, which fires natural gas as a main fuel and mazout as a back-up fuel, has been used for decades in Egypt. The plant efficiency is around 46% with 600 MWe size drumless type super- critical steam cycle, which exceeds the similar sub-critical unit efficiency with at least 4% ratio. The investment cost of Steam Cycle Super-critical plant, based on recent worldwide market experience, is around $ 1700/kWe (EPC basis with multiple packages). The application of large scale (750MWe) gas turbine combined cycle (CC) technology, which fires natural gas as a main fuel and diesel fuel as a back-up fuel, has been operational since 2004. Plant efficiency exceeds 50% and the investment cost, based on recent worldwide market experience, is around $760/kWe (EPC basis with multiple packages). Given that CC plants show lower investment cost and higher plant efficiency, there should be a distinguished rationale to justify why the SC technology has been selected for the proposed project. The reasons are the following: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 25 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP · Operational flexibility: The EEHC plans to operate large scale (i.e., 750 MWe) CC plants at 100% full flat base-load with a possibility of reducing operations to 50% once a week. This is because the cycling capacity of large-scale CC plants is still to be confirmed (frequent start and stop, and partial load operation capacity). Consequently, SC plants are required to take the role of reducing the load, while CC plants keep 100% full load. EEHC therefore sets the maximum proportion of CC in the generation mix to be 30- 35%. As a result, the Electric Generation Expansion Analysis System (EGEAS) model selected the proposed El-El-Ain Al-Sokhna SC plant as the most viable option based on this generation mix criteria. If the CC technology were selected, it would exceed the limit of CC in the generation mix, requiring CC plant cycling operation beyond what it is capable of. · Grid stability: SC turbine has bigger inertia and is therefore more stable to network disturbances. When the CC ratio is too high in the generation mix, CC may overreact to the disturbances and interfere with each other, which could cause load instability. · Unforeseen risk of new technology: Applying a new technology to the Egyptian specific climate and environment may have unforeseen risks. For example, recently, dust and humidity caused a quick filter pressure drop in the Cairo North plant, commissioned in May 2004, which was not expected when the CC plant was designed. · Fuel flexibility: SC plants use mazout as a back-up fuel, easily available domestically, while CC plants use imported diesel oil. The ability to "dual-fuel" the power plant (with natural gas or mazout) will provide security of electricity supply in the event that gas supplies are unavailable for any reason. · Local manufacturing capacity: In Egypt only 30% of CC plants are manufactured locally, in comparison to about 40-45% of SC plants manufactured locally. Therefore, the use of SC technology creates more local employment and requires less foreign exchange. 54. Given this rationale, existing and planned generating capacity using gas/oil-fired combined cycle units is already considered sufficient by the EEHC and further reliance on this particular technology is not preferred for reasons of security of supply, response to demand and economics. As shown in Table 3-1, almost 27% of installed capacity in 2006/2007 was provided by combined cycle technology. The new combined cycle units at New Kureimat and El-Atf, Sidi Krir and New Talkha will add more 3000 MWe to the installed capacity within the next 2 years. Also, declared combined cycle additions of Nuweiba on the Gulf of Aqaba will increase the combined cycle capacity by another 750 MWe within the same period. The EEHC is implementing a process of meeting and generating increased demand through the provision of conventional steam generation plants in order to generate sufficient demand to install further CCGT capacity in the future. This will result in increased potential to incorporate more CCGT capacity. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 26 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 55. Hence, with the current policy to limit CC to 30-35% in the generation mix (as identified by EGEAS), and with urgent need of supply capacity with load following capability, SC technology has been identified as the most viable option for the El-Ain Al-Sokhna project. This will ensure operational flexibility, network stability, fuel flexibility, local job creation, and avoid unforeseen risks of applying new technologies too rapidly in Egypt. 56. Natural gas has been selected as the main fuel for the power plant and compared to other fossil fuels generating technologies, steam turbine generators have a relatively low emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), moderate emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx), and lowest emissions, almost traces, of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulates. 5.3 Power Plant Design 57. There are a wide variety of potential designs for the proposed power plant. On the basis of the key design features selected for the power plant, together with the adoption of general good practices within its overall design and layout, fuel and chemical storage facilities and pollution monitoring equipment, the power plant minimizes its potential impacts on the environment whilst ensuring safe, secure and efficient operation. Key aspects of the design, which have been compared with alternatives, are as follows: · the stack has been designed to maximize buoyancy and dispersion of emissions and its height (150 m) exceeds good engineering practice; · the steam generators will be equipped with low NOx burners, minimizing emissions of NOx which is the key pollutant associated with combustion of natural gas; · direct cooling water will be used to maximize generating efficiency, minimizing visual impact, noise emissions and the potential for visible vapor plumes or ground fogging. Alternatives such as cooling towers and air cooled condensers (open, whilst using less water, result in lower generating efficiencies and also result in impacts such as vapor plumes, visual and noise impacts). The availability of water is not considered an issue for this project given the use of water from the Suez Gulf; · cooling water will be supplied from a sustainable water supply, namely the Suez Gulf, and the intake and outfall structures can be constructed and operated without significant impacts. 5.4 Alternative Sites 58. The EEHC designated the proposed El-Ain Al-Sokhna site for power plant construction from a group of three alternative sites, namely: Safaga, Sharm esh-Sheikh and El-Ain Al-Sokhna. The site area was allocated to the _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 27 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) (today, EEHC) by the Government of Egypt (Presidential Decree no. 299 of the year 1999, issued on 21 September 1999) and EEHC has given rights of use of the site to EDEPC. In selecting the required site, consideration was given to the following criteria: Economic Factors: · capital costs; · operation and maintenance costs; · requirement for natural gas; · requirement for cooling water; · demand loads for electricity; and · requirements for electricity transmission lines and sub-stations. Non-economic Factors: · potential environmental impacts; and · site development. 59. Potential environmental impacts have been examined for all sites. Screening level assessment during feasibility study indicated that the level of environmental impact will be relatively constant for all three sites. 60. Following negotiations with the concerned authorities, the planned location of El-Ain Al-Sokhna power plant was found to be the most cost effective site for the following reasons: · minimal additional infrastructure would be required; · desirable benefits for development of the site area; and · no workers' colony is required as a local workforce is available. 61. In addition, the power plant will be constructed and operated on a land originally dedicated for power generation activity, thus it will not include any land take. Also, the power plant site will bring socio-economic benefits to the wider Suez Region, through employment opportunities, supply contracts and the effects of project expenditure within the local economy. 6. KEY FINDINGS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.1 Introduction 62. A thorough assessment of the impacts of the proposed plant has been carried out based on information provided by EEHC, EDEPC and their sub-consultants. A combination of quantitative and qualitative assessment techniques, ranging from computer and/or physical modeling for air, water, noise and traffic impacts to ecological and aquatic surveys and visual evaluation, have been undertaken. The results of the assessment work have been compared with the environmental standards set by the Government of _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 28 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP the Arab Republic of Egypt and the World Bank, whichever is the more stringent. 63. The following items are examined in the corresponding sub-sections of the ESIA Study Report: - Air Quality; - Aquatic Environment; - Noise and Vibration; - Flora and Fauna; - Land use, Landscape and Visual Impacts; - Soils, Geology and Hydrology; - Traffic; - Socio-economics and Socio-cultural Effects; - Archaeology, Historical and Cultural Heritage; - Natural Disaster Risks; - Major Accident Hazards; - Solid Waste Management; - Public Health Effects; - Occupational Health and Safety; and - Associated Infrastructure. 64. Table 2 presents environmental, health and safety issues relating to construction and operation of El-Ain Al-Sokhna power project. 65. For each of these items, a concise description and evaluation of the significance of potential impacts of the project is presented in the ESIA study report. Where modeling has been undertaken, a description of the model as well as corresponding maps summarizing the results of the assessment are provided. 66. Where potentially significant adverse impacts are identified, possible mitigation measures are suggested wherever possible, to ameliorate the impact to an acceptable level. Where identified, beneficial or positive impacts/effects of the project are also highlighted. 67. The conclusions of the assessment are that (with suitable mitigation measures described in Tables 4, 5, 6 and 7) the project is in compliance with the environmental requirements of both the Government of Egypt and the World Bank with respect to stack emissions of the new power plant, ambient air quality, discharge quality and noise. Table 3 provides with a summary of anticipated impacts in relation to the Egyptian and World Bank environmental guidelines for stack emissions, ambient air quality, liquid effluent and noise. The following discussion highlights some of the key considerations and results of the assessment. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 29 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 2 Environmental, Health and Safety Issues Relating to Construction and Operation of El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Subject Area Potential Impacts During Construction Potential Impacts During Operation Air Quality Dust from construction activities. Impacts of emissions from stacks on Traffic-related air quality impacts. ambient air quality. Traffic-related air quality impacts. Global warming potential. Aquatic Control and management of site Thermal water discharge. Environment drainage. Water requirements for power plant Wastewater discharge. operation. Sewage disposal and foul Discharge of process and wastewater. drainage. Operation of drainage systems on site. Discharge of storm water, sewage and drainage. Noise and Vibration Noise from construction activities. Noise from power plant operations on surrounding land uses. Land Use, Land use on site. Land use on site. Landscape and Land use in the surrounding area. Land use in the surrounding area. Visual Issues Effects of construction activities Effects on landscape character. on landscape character. Visual impact of the power plant and Visual impact of construction operation activities. activities. Soils, Geology and Effects on soils and geological Soil contamination. Hydrogeology features. Effect on groundwater. Soil contamination. Effects on groundwater. Flora and Fauna Loss of habitat or species due to Disturbance or damage to adjacent landtake. habitat. Disturbance or damage to Effects of structures on bird migration adjacent habitat of species. routes. Traffic Traffic conditions/disruption to Traffic conditions/disruption to road road users. users. Traffic-related air quality. Traffic-related air quality impacts. Traffic-related noise. Traffic-related noise impacts. Major Accident Risk to third-party hazardous Risk to third-party hazardous industry. Hazards industry. Risk to power plant of third-party hazardous industry. Natural Disaster Seismic risk. Seismic risk. Risk Flood risk. Flood risk. Solid Waste Contamination of soils and water. Contamination of soils and water. Management Hazards to workers health. Hazards to workers health. Accident risks. Accident risks. Occupational Health Accidents. Accidents. and Safety Effects on health of workforce. Effects on health of workforce. Safety at work. Safety at work. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 30 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6.2 Air Quality Construction Dust 68. Construction activities will result in locally high levels of dust. This may affect nearest receptors or sensitive environments which lie in the immediate boundaries of the power plant. Existing concentrations of airborne dust are already high in this industrial area. Potential impacts from dust emissions on site will be significantly reduced by careful management and the implementation of mitigation measures to reduce dust generation. Stack Emissions and Background Air Quality 69. The power plant will burn natural gas as its primary fuel. As a result, the principle pollutant during normal operation will be NOx. During emergency operation (and for not more than 2% of operating time), the burning of heavy fuel oil will result in emissions of particulate matter and SO2 along with trace amounts of other pollutants. Emissions from the plant will meet Egyptian and World Bank Guidelines. 70. In order to analyze the potential impacts of the plant's emissions during normal operation (firing gas) on ambient air quality in the project area, dispersion modeling has been undertaken. 71. The assessment indicates that the highest concentrations for each of the averaging periods under consideration (hourly, daily, annual) are found to the north-north-west, north-west, and south-south-west of the site, respectively. This is because the winds are exposed to the atmospheric prevailing conditions, although they are overwhelmingly from the north and northwest for most of the time. Maximum annual concentration of NOx emissions in the ambient atmosphere due to operation of both of the Al-Sokhna power plant and the Suez Gulf BOOT power plant will not exceed 44.8 ”g/m3 (highest annual maximum is 44.8 ”g/m3 at the location [-141.5m, - 658.8m]) and the maximum daily reaches 130 ”g/m3 at a distance of 271.2 m north-west the origin point intermediating the stacks. Also, Maximum "One- hour Average" concentration of NOx emissions in the ambient atmosphere reaches 322.1”g/m3 at the location [-141.5m, 461.2m] (see Figure 5). It is recommended that an air quality monitoring system composed of 2 or 3 monitoring stations will be utilized. The monitoring station equipped with meteorological monitoring system will be located near to, or within, the power plant site, the other one or two stations will be located one down wind within the designated area of maximum predicted pollutant concentration and the other (if any) upwind. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 31 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Figure 5 El-Ain Al-Sokhna Air Quality Monitoring Locations srh 24. ax an M Me la ax M nnuA ane M _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 32 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 3 Environmental Impacts and Environmental Guidelines Existing Ambient Air Quality Cumulative Air Quality Impact of both the Impact Area Predicted Max. Concentration from World Bank Al-Sokhna Power Plant (Effect of All Surrounding Al-Sokhna & Suez Gulf Power Plants and Egyptian Standard Industries)(2) Surrounding Industries Cuideline Stack emissions (100% load) (when firing Natural Gas) NOx(1) < 300 mg m-3 `` 300 mg m-3 (1) 320 mg m-3 SO2 < 300 mg m-3 2,500 mg m-3 2,000 mg m-3 TSP ­ General (all sizes) < 50 mg m-3 200 mg m-3 50 mg m-3 Stack emissions (100% load) when firing Heavy Fuel Oil (<2% of total annual operating time)) NOx ­ oil firing < 300 mg m-3 300 mg m-3(1) 460 mg m-3 SO2 ­ oil firing < 2,000 mg m-3 2,500 mg m-3 2,000 mg m-3 TSP ­ General (all sizes) < 50 mg m-3 200 mg m-3 50 mg m-3 Ground Level Concentration (when firing National Gas) NOx ­ 1 hour 266.5 ”gm-3 12.69 ”gm-3 334.79 ”gm-3 400 ”gm-3 - NOx ­ 24 hours 130 ”gm-3 7.49”gm-3 137.49 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 NOx ­ 1 year 38.8 ”gm-3 1.02 ”gm-3 45.82 ”gm-3 - 100 ”gm-3 SO2 ­ 1 hour Trace 12.42 ”gm-3 12.42 ”gm-3 350 ”gm-3 - SO2 ­ 24 hours Trace 7.33 ”gm-3 7.33 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 SO2 ­ 1 year Trace 0.99 ”gm-3 0.99 ”gm-3 60 ”gm-3 80 ”gm-3 PM10 ­ 24 hours(3) Trace 462 ”gm-3(3) 462 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 150 ”gm-3 PM10 ­ 1 year Trace 62.64 ”gm-3 62.64 ”gm-3 70”gm-3 50 ”gm-3 Liquid Effluent pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 BOD <30 mg/l < 60 mg/l - Chromium - 1 mg/l 0.5 mg/l Copper <0.5 mg/l 1.5 mg/l 0.5 mg/l Iron <1 mg/l 1.5 mg/l 1.0 mg/l Zinc <1 mg/l 5 mg/l 1.0 mg/l Oil and Grease <5 mg/l 15 mg/l 10 mg/l Total Suspended Solids (TSS) <30 mg/l 60 mg/l Residual Chlorine (total)(4) <0.2 mg/l - 50 mg/l(4) mg/l Temperature Increase (oC) <9.6oC at<3the point of discharge and o (max. absolute temp 10oC at the C of C within 300 m. point of discharge aboveoambient <3o0.2at edge(5) mixing zone Mixing zone up to 3 C. Noise (6) Daytime (max.) Max. <58.1 dB(A) 70 dB(A) 70 dB(A) Night time (max.) Max. <55 dB(A) 60 dB(A) 70 dB(A) (1) Egyptian standards for NOx are expressed in terms of NO2. (2) Ambient air quality monitoring results measured by the NRC air quality monitoring equipment in Al-Sokhna area during May 2008. (3) The PM10 concentrations resulting from the power plant itself only is traces. (4) "Chlorine shocking" may be preferable in certain circumstances, which involves using high chlorine levels for a few seconds rather than a continuous low level release. The maximum value is 2 mgl-1 for up to 2 hours, which must not be more frequent than once in 24 hours (and the 24 hour average should be 0.2 mg/l). (5) The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 5oC at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place. Where this zone is not defined, use 100 m from the point of discharge when there are no sensitive aquatic ecosystems within this distance. (6) There are no sensitive receptors for noise within 150m of the power plant. The area has been categorised as "Industrial area" with respect to Egyptian ambient noise standards and "lndustrial commercial" with respect to World Bank guidelines. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 33 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6.3 Aquatic Environment 72. Cooling water and process water for power plant operation will be drawn from the Suez Gulf via an intake structure. The quantity of the cooling water that will be returned back to the Suez Gulf is about 46 m3/sec. Process water that will be abstracted from the Suez Gulf is about 0.07% of this quantity. Potable water will be supplied to the power plant via Suez potable water system. Cooling water will be returned to the Suez Gulf via a discharge structure whilst waste process water will be disposed of after treatment via discharge system, which includes two pathways: plantation irrigation network and Circulating Water Discharge System (CWDS). Sanitary waste water will be disposed of -after treatment- via plantation irrigation network. No ground water or other surface water will be used during power plant construction and operation. The Contractors will be responsible for relevant water/toilet facilities during construction and the need to provide appropriate services will be specified in their contracts. The key potential impacts of the power plant on the aquatic environment will therefore be impacts to the aquatic flora and fauna during power plant construction and operation. 73. The aquatic environment surrounding the project site is characterized by generally fair water quality. The aquatic flora is characterized by poor biodiversity and no sensitive ecosystems. No commercial fishing and very limited fishing activity occurs in the vicinity of the project. 74. During construction of the power plant dredging and construction of the intake and discharge structures could lead to potential impacts on physical aquagraphy, water quality and removal of, or disturbance to, aquatic habitats, flora and fauna. Given that the area of impact is very localised, losses are in many cases temporary and field survey data available do not indicate significant or sensitive habitats, the impacts of power plant construction on the aquatic environment are not considered to be significant. In addition, good site management and engineering practices during construction will ensure that any residual impacts are reduced to a minimum. 75. Power plant operation will result in a heated plume of waste cooling water being discharged into the Suez Gulf. Process water will be disposed of to the discharge system (identified above). All discharges of process water will be treated prior to discharge to ensure that the Egyptian and World Bank waste water quality guidelines are met. Treatment includes neutralization, oil separation, flocculation and filtration. 76. The returned cooling water will be released at a temperature of no more than 9.6oC at the point of discharge. Thermal modeling of the discharge plume shows that, at full load operation, the point at which the plume has _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 34 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP decreased in temperature to 5oC above ambient, lies at approximately 70 m from the point of discharge. The mixing zone has been defined by the HRI/MWRI to be 150 m from the point of discharge. 77. The temperature of the returned cooling water at the point of discharge conforms to the Egyptian Standard, and the discharge as modeled satisfies the World Bank standard of a maximum increase of 3oC above ambient at the edge of the mixing zone (100 m from the point of discharge). In addition, the area affected by the highest temperature increases and therefore where aquatic ecology is likely to be most affected, is localized and the aquatic habitats in this area have been found to already be relatively impoverished. Outside this area, more marginal increases in the Suez Gulf water temperature are likely to create new or improved habitats for flora and fauna. 74. Physical aquagraphy, Al-Sokhna Shoreline access, fishing and navigation are not predicted to be significantly affected by the presence of the intake and discharge structures. 6.4 Noise Impacts 78. The construction of the Al-Sokhna power plant is expected to generate a maximum noise level of 59 dB(A) during the day at the fence of the power plant and 57 dB(A) at night. These worst-case construction noise levels are both within Egyptian and World Bank(1) guidelines, and for most of the construction periods, the noise levels will be lower than these values. There are no residential receptors within 1000 m of the plant. 79. Construction traffic on local roads will also generate additional noise, however noise levels on local roads predicted for peak construction activity (during 2010-2012) is expected to be only 0.3dB(A) above ambient levels. This magnitude of increase is generally not perceptible to the human ear, consequently no construction traffic impacts are predicted. 80. The potential noise emissions from the Al-Sokhna plant during operation have been modeled to provide noise contours in the area around the site. The predicted operational noise levels at the site boundary and at all receptors are below the Egyptian and World Bank guidelines during daytime and nigh-time. __________________________________ (1) There are no World Bank Guidelines for demolition and construction noise, therefore Operational noise guidelines are applied here. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 35 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 6.5 Flora and Fauna 81. No areas protected for their conservation value are located on, or in the vicinity of, the project area. The proposed site itself and the surrounding land is poorly vegetated with much of the area having been dominated by sands and sabkha. Given that the potential impacts of construction and operation on power plant area likely to be localized and good site management practices will be implemented, no significant effects are predicted. 6.6 Land Use, Landscape and Visual Impacts 82. The land use at the project site is industrial land. There is no loss of this land to the power plant development, as this land is dedicated for a power generation activity since 1999, therefore there is not significant land use impacts due to the Al-Sokhna power project. 83. The surrounding land use is generally industrial. As the land is highly industrialized with almost no vegetation, all existing views will be insignificantly influenced by the power plant and given the surrounding industrial context, particularly the existing Suez Gulf power plant and industrial facilities of Al-Sokhna port, the visual intrusion of the power plant will be minimal. 84. Visual impacts of the power plant from the residential (tourist) areas to the north and south are also not expected to be significant given the long distance of their locations from the site and orientation of the facilities. The potential landscape and visual impacts of the project are therefore expected to be minor and not significant. 6.7 Soils, Geology and Hydrology 85. Due to the characteristics of the soils and geology of the site, in particular the lack of any sensitive features, and the mitigation measures proposed as part of the construction and operation of the power plant, no significant impacts are predicted to occur. In addition, preliminary land surface investigations confirmed the site as being uncontaminated. 6.8 Traffic 86. The assessment of traffic and transport covers the changes in traffic conditions in terms of delay and congestion during construction and operation. 87. The greatest potential for traffic impacts to occur arises during a short period at peak construction. There is some potential for increased congestion on the main roads to the power plant, however the impacts will only occur during the peak construction phase and during peak hours. The overall _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 36 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP impact is therefore predicted to be insignificant. Mitigation measures will be put in place to reduce the potential for impacts to arise. 88. During operation, a small number of workers and HGVs are associated with operating the power plant and no impacts are predicted to occur. 6.9 Socio-economics and Soico-cultural effects 89. It is anticipated that the power plant will provide a net positive socio- economic impact through the provision of employment opportunities and attraction of economic investment into the area. In addition, the use of local labor (95% during construction), will maximize these positive impacts through the development of the local skill base and will also generate increased demand for local services, materials and products. 90. In addition to the area specifically designated for the plant, there are large empty spaces next to the power plant site. All activities related to the construction of the new plant will therefore take place within the area belonging to the EDEPC, i.e. there will be no off-site activities or associated land acquisition during construction. 91. As indicated in the main document, scientific research has shown that certain species of the fish grow considerably faster in warmer water. 92. The effects on the fisheries of warmer water returned to the Suez Gulf from similar power plants along the sea coasts are well known. Experience from about 10 other power plants located on the shorelines of both of the Mediterranean and Red seas that have operated in Egypt for a number of years indicates that the overall impacts on fisheries of slightly warmer water actually are positive, and consultations with the fishermen indicate that the catches in these areas have increased rather than decreased. Since this is part-time, small-scale fisheries no statistics are available, but after many years the warmer water around the various points of discharge, is clearly perceived by the fishermen to have positive effects (More details are presented in "consultation with the fishermen" given in Volume III, Annex C). 93. In line with this recognition, discussions have already been initiated between the EEHC and the General Authority for Fishery Development with a view to jointly take advantage of this, e.g. establishing a fry collection station near the edge of the mixing zone. 6.10 Archaeology, Historic and Cultural Heritage 94. No available information was found which identified any archaeological, historic or cultural remains on the site or in the surrounding area. Consequently, no impact is predicted to occur on any known archaeological, historic or cultural resources. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 37 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 95. EDEPC have incorporated mitigation measures into the construction program to ensure that any potential finds of significance are recorded and are accorded the required protection in consultation with Supreme Council for Antiquities. 6.11 Natural Disaster Risks 96. An assessment of the risks to the power plant from seismic activity has concluded that given the engineering measures incorporated into the design of the power plant, the potential environmental impacts of a seismic event during power plant operation are not anticipated to be significant. 97. Furthermore the power plant will be designed to conform to the Uniform Building Code Zone 2 seismic criteria, according to US regulations for earthquake. These design criteria are therefore considered sufficient to withstand the level of seismic activity experienced in the area. 98. The risks of flooding during power plant construction and operation were also examined. However, site drainage will be constructed to minimize any risks of contaminated water reaching the surroundings and to properly drain the site, no significant flood risk impacts are anticipated. 6.12 Major Accident Hazards 99. Given the wider land surrounding the Al-Sokhna power plant and the measures incorporated into the design of the plant to minimize the risk from fire and explosion, the plant is not anticipated to pose a potential risk of any significance to any third party facilities. 6.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 100. The management of wastes during construction and operation of the power plant will include mitigation measures to collect and store waste on- site, record all consignments of solid or contaminated waste for disposal and periodically audit waste contractors and disposal sites to ensure that disposal is undertaken in a safe and environmentally acceptable manner according to the rules set by Law 4/1994 and the Governorate of Suez. 101. Private sector contractor will be assigned via general bidding process and the contract will include detailed environmental procedures, according to Law 4/1994 and Governorate of Suez regulations, for disposing debris materials. The contract covers all fees required. 102. During construction and operation, all wastes including debris waste, general waste, packaging waste, commercial wastes, raw-water pre- treatment sludge, tank sludge and interceptor sludge will be disposed of by licensed waste contractors according to the rules set by Law 4/1994 and the Governorate of Suez. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 38 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 103. Solid and hazardous waste management is not predicted to cause any significant impacts. 6.14 Occupational Health and Safety 104. With the provision of a high standard of health and safety management on site, construction and operation of the power plant in accordance with good industry practice, the occupational health and safety risks associated with construction and operation of the power plant will be minimized and are not significant. 6.15 Associated Infrastructure 105. Connections to existing gas and electrical facilities will be the responsibility of "City Gas", EETC and the EDEPC respectively. In regard to the gas connection with the gas reducing station of the site and oil pipeline to the oil tanks on the site no environmental or social impacts are anticipated. 106. EEHC has already submitted a request to City Gas for their needs for the new plant which will necessitate a bigger diameter pipeline, or an additional pipeline, which will follow the same existing pipeline. 107. The electricity generated by the proposed power plant will be exported via the 500 and 220 kV electricity transmission system. The power plant will be connected to the 500 kV switchyard via step-up transformers. 108. The electricity generated by the proposed El-Ain Al-Sokhna power plant will be exported by the EETC electricity network, via two transmission systems, double circuit 220 kV and 500 kV lines. The first will be connected to the unified network upward direction towards Suez city with approximately 40 km length, while the second will be extended to the west direction, approximately 90 km until it meets the 500 kV transmission line connecting El-Kureimat and El-Tebbin 500 kV substations. Construction and operation of this infrastructure will be the responsibility of the EETC. No routes have as yet been defined. 109. Although the transmission lines are not part of the loan, their potential environmental and social impacts have been considered, as this component would not have been required without the power plant itself. Mitigation measures are given in Table 7 of this Executive Summary. Also, although land take or resettlement will not be associated to the power interconnecting lines (because the areas in question are largely uninhabited public desert land and only one proposed alternative routing has already been identified), a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is prepared _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 39 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP separately as part of this ESIA in order to satisfy the World Bank requirements for such cases and provide specific answer to questions relating to the potential triggering of WB-OP 4.12. 110. EETC and EDEPC will submit Screening Form B to the EEAA concerning this interconnection. No significant impacts are anticipated. 6.16 Global Impacts 111. Natural gas has been selected as the main fuel for the power plant. Compared to other fossil fuel generating technologies, gas fired steam generators have a relatively low emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), moderate emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the lowest emission levels (almost traces) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulates. 112. The greenhouse effect is caused by the build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere. Water vapor and ozone (O3) can also act as greenhouse gases. For power generation processes, CO2 is the key emission of concern, as methane and CFCs are not emitted by power plants and none of the other greenhouse gases are emitted in sufficient quantities from power generation to be considered important in terms of the greenhouse effect. 113. The efficiency of the proposed steam power plant is 45% with natural gas, with associated CO2 emissions of 0.55kg/kWh. This compares with the efficiency of a typical CCGT power plant of 53-54%. 114. Emissions of carbon dioxide are estimated to be up to 3,500 kilotonnes per year (expressed as CO2). This assumes that the plant operates for the whole year and consumes around 120 tonnes of gas per hour. The emissions of CO2 from fuel burning in Egypt amounted to around 220,620 kilotonnes in 2004/2005 (Ref: EEAA: Second National Communication, not published yet). Fuel combustion will account for most of Egypt's CO2 emissions from all sources. Hence, the power plant as proposed will emit up to around 1.59% of the total Egyptian CO2 emissions in 2004/2005. This is an upper estimate as the plant will not operate 100% of the year or at full load 100% of the time. 115. Natural gas, which is the main fuel to be used in the Al-Sokhna plant, contains very low concentrations of sulfur or particulate matter, therefore the potential for emissions of SO2 and particulates from the electricity generating process is also very low. Fuel oil however, leads to greater emissions of SO2 and particulates, due to the relatively high sulfur content of these fuels and the generation of ash during their combustion. 116. Natural gas fuel also has the significant benefit of being able to be delivered by an existing pipeline (even though it may be enlarged in capacity). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 40 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING: THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MNAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 7.1 Enhancement and Mitigation Plan 117. The Environmental and Social Management Plant (ESMP) includes mitigation measures, design of monitoring programs where appropriate, and specification of management measures (including institutional responsibility and training requirements). 118. The mitigation measures represent a synthesis of those measures which are part of the basic power plant design and those that have been recommended in Section 6 of the ESIA report for both the construction and operational phases of the power plant. The mitigation measures discussed in this section are summarized in the following three Tables, together with respective environmental monitoring and management arrangements. It should be noted that many of the mitigation measures presented below for the construction phase, will be carried forward into plant Operation. 119. All the mitigation, monitoring and management measures proposed below and in Section 8 of the ESIA report (the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)), will be adopted by the Project Company and imposed as conditions of contract on the contractor and any sub-contractors employed to build or operate any part of the power plant. Since many of the mitigation measures presented are considered an essential, integrated component of the construction and operation works, it is not possible to separate the specific costs of their implementation from the overall construction costs. 120. Mitigation measures introduced into the design and construction phase of the power plant will be carried forward into the operational phase by the EDEPC Company. Many of the mitigation measures, as described in Sections 4 and 6 of the ESIA report, have already been integrated into the design of the power plant in order to minimize any operational impacts on the environment. Mitigation measures such as low NOx burners, noise silencers and water discharge controls are for example integral to the design of the power plant. 121. The key features of the ESMP relate to air quality, aquatic discharge and implementation of good site management practice. The ESMP is summarized in Tables 4, 5, 6 and 7 which relate to construction and operational phases respectively. Table 8 summarizes the cost of ESMP which will require to be included in the project financial plan. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 41 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 4 Institutional Arrangements for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Power Project Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Schedule Type and Frequency of Responsibility Monitoring Budget in Reporting / Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators US$ Construction Phase Institutional Establishment of the Project Management Prior to starting construction. Quarterly to EEHC PMU / EMS EDEPC Project Manager in Training programs Environmental Quality capacity to address Unit (PMU), including the Environmental Environmental Management collaboration with PGESCo quarterly monitoring will start environmental and Management Staff (EMS) (will include 3-4 (EEM) and EEHC Chairman Site Manager Compliance with ESMP with the commencement of social issues staff members, B.Sc. and/or 5 years high Ongoing training construction phase. technical education), construction phase. Basic training of persons employed to Basic Training operate the monitoring activities. Basic Induction Training Basic induction training for all employees on good construction and site Air quality continuous management practice. monitoring will start 6 months ahead of commissioning. Training since that time is included in air quality monitoring package Training time and cost (included in construction cost) (around US$ 155 k) EDEPC responsibility Operation Phase Institutional Establishment of the Project Management Prior to starting operation. Quarterly to EEHC & EEHC PMU / EMS EDEPC Project Manager in Training programs Included in air quality capacity to address Unit (PMU), including the Environmental Environmental Management collaboration with PGESCo monitoring package environmental and Management Staff (EMS) (will include 3-4 (EEM) Site Manager Compliance with ESMP social issues staff members, B.Sc. and/or 5 years high Training time and cost technical education), operation phase. Ongoing training (included in operation cost) Basic training of persons employed to (around US$ 20 k) operate the monitoring activities. EDEPC responsibility Induction, specific and refresher training for all employees on good operation management practice. Training methods, facilities & manuals Notes: (*) EDEPC responsibility: means that training and capacity building activities are included in the company organizational structure and budget. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 42 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Air Quality Dust emissions Implementation of good site practices Before Before Construction and Implementation of EDEPC Project Dust levels (TSP, Quarterly reporting EDEPC/PMU Mitigation caused by including: construction and during Construction until 6 Good Site Manager in PM10) of summary results responsible for Measures, construction · appropriate siting and during Months ahead of Management collaboration with (or more if management of the Management time activities, maintenance of stockpiles of construction Commissioning: practices shall be PGESCo Site NO2, SO2, CO requested) and air quality and costs (included construction vehicle friable materials so as to minimize Initiate baseline air quality the responsibility of Manager levels. submitted to the monitoring system. in construction movements, and dust blow; survey of main pollutants, all contractors on EEHC and any Submission of costs) transport of friable · minimizing drop heights for particularly NO2, SO2, CO, site under other concerned annual summary construction material transfer activities such as TSP and PM10 using third supervision of the authority. (e.g. reports to EEHC Baseline Air Quality materials. unloading of friable materials; party measurements on a PMU / EMS and EEAA, WB, AfDB, and any other Monitoring: · construction phase to begin with quarterly basis. the Assistant Plant etc.). concerned construction of access roads; Manager. authority. · roads will be kept damp via a During Construction, 6 First construction water bowser; Months ahead of Basic training of period; third party · roads will be compacted and Commissioning: persons employed monitoring (e.g. graveled if necessary; Initiate baseline air quality to operate and National Research · site roads will be maintained in survey of NO2 , SO2 , CO, maintain the Center), four times good order; TSP and PM10 using air quality monitors and monitoring system. a year until using · regulation of site access; continue during 6 months. continuous · sheeting of lorries transporting EDEPC/PMU to monitoring: friable construction materials and Two analyzer stations will ensure all USS$70K spoil; be electronically connected contractors and · enforcement of vehicle speed to the EEAA ambient subcontractors Second limits on unmetalled roads to <35 monitoring system. working on site are construction period; km/h. aware of ESMP 6 months ahead of Measurements and and all employees commissioning: analysis of these pollutants are given basic Permanent to be made on a induction training Continuous continuous basis by a on good Monitoring System- trained staff assigned by construction and approx. US$ 1000- EDEPC/SPP and site management 1500K plus submitted to EEHC for practice. management time reporting to any concerned & reporting. authority. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 43 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting / Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Aquatic Environment Dredging and The following measures will be During construction of Off shoreline survey Implementation of EDEPC Project Actual parameters Quarterly reporting EDEPC/PMU to Mitigation construction of the taken: intake and discharge undertaken May 2008 Good Site Manager in to be measured. of summary results ensure all Measures: intake structure and · Construction Method Statement structures along 5 profiles fronting Management collaboration with (or more if contractors and Management time water discharge to be produced by the the site. practices shall be PGESCo Site requested) and subcontractors and costs (included structure. Contractor; the responsibility of Manager. submitted to the working on site are in construction · dredged areas limited to Report to be maintained all contractors on EEHC and any aware of ESMP cost). Increased minimum area required; for later monitoring and site under other concerned and all employees suspended · disposal of dredged sediments evaluation during supervision of the authority. (e.g. are given basic Water quality sediment and to an agreed site; operation. PMU / EMS and EEAA, WB, AfDB, induction training measurement costs pollutant loads, · all works will be made clearly the Assistant Plant etc.). on good (between US$ 30- permanent visible using flags, beacons Continuous visual Manager. construction and 45K) loss and and/or signals; inspection site management disturbance to · shore area will be reinstated practice. aquatic flora and During dredging following construction. fauna. sediment and surface water will be monitored These mitigation at four locations (two measures must be downstream of the a condition of any intake and two upstream construction of the discharge) twice a contracts month. commissioned. During construction sampling will be conducted at two sites, unless preliminary monitoring campaign shows strong variations in water quality. Water samples will be tested for temp., PH, COD. BOD, TOC, DO, TSS, oil & grease, residual chlorine and heavy metals . Sediment will be tested for oil & grease and heavy metals. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 44 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting / Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Contamination of Mitigation activities will include the During construction Continuous visual Implementation of EDEPC Project Fluid effluents Quarterly reporting EDEPC/PMU to Management time the aquatic following: inspection will be Good Site Manager in within the site. of summary results ensure all and costs (included environment as a conducted. Management collaboration with (or more if contractors and in construction result of · no discharge of effluents into the practices shall be PGESCo Site Soil erosion. requested) and subcontractors cost). construction Suez Gulf - all effluents shall be the responsibility of Manager. submitted to the working on site are activities on land collected and removed off site for all contractors on Surface water run- EEHC and any aware of ESMP e.g. spillages, treatment by approved firms; site under off. other concerned and all employees disposal of liquid · development of a site drainage plan supervision of the authority (e.g. are given basic wastes; surface which reduces flow velocity and PMU/EMS and the Sewage effluents. EEAA, WB, AfDB, induction training run-off, exposure of sediment load; Assistant Plant etc.), if required. on good contaminated soils Manager. Earth, mud and construction and (see also under · protection of temporary stockpiles of debris depositions site management "Soils and soil from erosion by using a reduced on roads. practices. Hydrology"). slope angle where practical, sheeting and by incorporating sediment traps in drainage ditches; · maintenance of well kept construction site. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 45 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Type and Frequency Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility Monitoring Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators of Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Noise Increased noise in Implementation of good site practices During construction Monthly monitoring Implementation of EDEPC Project Noise PMU/EMS will EDEPC/PMU to Management time the project area as including: and supervision by Good Site Manager in complaints produce a Quarterly ensure all and costs (included a result of the use · enforcement of vehicle speed limits; PMU/EMS is Management collaboration with register to log of valid complaints contractors and in construction of noisy machinery · strict controls of vehicle routing; required to ensure practices shall be PGESCo Site identify and actions taken to subcontractors cost). and increased · diesel engine construction plant the implementation the responsibility of Manager. concerns. EEHC. working on site are vehicle equipment to be fitted with silencers; of good site all contractors on aware of ESMP Third party noise movements. · limited noisy construction activities at management site under Check validity Quarterly reporting of and all employees measurement costs night; practices by all supervision of the using noise summary results (or are given basic (about US$ 23K) . · prohibition of heavy vehicle contractors during PMU/EMS and the measuring more if requested) induction training movements at night; construction. Assistant Plant devices. and submitted to the on good · use of protective hearing equipment Manager. EEHC and any other construction and for workers. Third party audit, concerned authority site management conducted every 4 Auditor (Noise (e.g. EEAA, WB, practices. month. Expert) AfDB etc.), if required. Flora and Fauna Site Clearance- Vegetation removal · Good site management practices will During construction. Periodic inspection Implementation of EDEPC Project Good Quarterly reporting EDEPC/PMU to Management time and habitat be observed to ensure that and supervision by Good Site Manager in conservation of No. of floral species ensure all and costs (included disturbance. disturbance of habitats off-site are PMU/EMS is Management collaboration with floral wealth. conserved or planted, contractors and in construction minimized. required to ensure practices shall be PGESCo Site if any. subcontractors cost) · Specific mitigation measures include the implementation the responsibility of Manager. working on site are restricting personnel and vehicles to of good site all contractors on aware of ESMP within construction site boundaries, management site under and all employees lay down areas and access roads. practices by all supervision of the are given basic contractors during PMU/EMS and the induction training construction. Assistant Plant on good Manager. construction and site management practices. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 46 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Soils and Hydrology Site clearance, The potential for impacts are largely During construction. Daily visual EDEPC Project · site drainage. Quarterly reporting EDEPC/PMU to Costs for mitigation excavation and dependent on management of the inspection is Implementation of Manager in · access only to of summary results ensure all measures and disposal of construction site and activities. The required to ensure Good Site collaboration with construction (or more if contractors and management time material, exposure following mitigation measures will be the implementation Management PGESCo Site site areas. requested) and subcontractors included in of potentially implemented: of good practices shall be Manager. · spoils. submitted to the working on site are construction costs. contaminated soils, the responsibility of · development of effective site management · waste EEHC and any aware of ESMP spillage or leakage all contractors on drainage systems; practices during materials. other concerned and all employees Any additional of substances on site under · restriction of access only to construction. · oily waters. authority (e.g. are given basic features (e.g. land, movement of supervision of the construction site areas; EEAA, WB, AfDB induction training bunding, equipment and PMU/EMS and the · drainage · monitoring and control of spoil; etc.), if required. on good interceptors etc.) vehicles on site. Assistant Plant pathways. · disposal of waste materials Manager. · potential construction and may incur unsuitable for reuse on-site, (e.g. for spillage in site management additional costs of landscaping) at appropriately operational practices. between US$ 30- licensed sites; areas. 50K dependent on · provision of oil and suspended solid the measure. interceptors; · management of excavations during construction to avoid the generation of drainage pathways to underlying aquifers; · provision of impermeable bases in operational areas to prevent absorption of spillages. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 47 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Traffic and Transport Disruption, noise Standard good practice measures will be During construction. Monitoring traffic Implementation of EDEPC Project Increased Three times per EDEPC/PMU to and increased air implemented as follows: entering the site Good Site Manager in congestion month ensure all Management time pollution due to · adherence of abnormal load during morning & Management collaboration with contractors and increased traffic, movements to prescribed routes, evening peaks to practices shall be PGESCo Site Travel time Quarterly reporting subcontractors heavy loads and outside peak hours and advance ensure the the responsibility of Manager. (compared to of summary results working on site are abnormal loads. publication of movements if required; implementation of all contractors on reasonable daily (or more if aware of ESMP · construction shifts will be staggered; good site site under commute) requested) and submitted to the and all employees · scheduling of traffic to avoid peak management supervision of the EEHC and any are given basic hours on local roads; practices by all PMU / EMS and the other concerned induction training · transportation of construction workers contractors during Assistant Plant authority (e.g. on good by contract bus. construction. Manager. EEAA, WB, AfDB construction and etc.), if required. site management practices. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 48 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Socio-Economic Environment Positive impacts identified. All activities related to the construction of During construction. Record local PMU/EMS and the EDEPC Project Workers Editing a special Responsibility of Responsibility of the new plant will take place within the employment Assistant Plant Manager in satisfaction as report EDEPC/PMU. EDEPC. area belonging to EDEPC, i.e. there will be provided by the Manager collaboration with measured by staff no off-site activities or associated land project. PGESCo Site interviews and acquisition during construction. Manager. complaints submitted. The entire labor force will be daily commuters, thus no worker housing or associated facilities will be erected on site during construction. The contractors will be responsible for relevant temporary water / toilet facilities during construction and the need to provide appropriate services will be specified in their constracts. Public and Industry Relations will be maximized through open dialogue between EDEPC (through the Assistant Plant Manager who has direct responsibility for EHS Liaison) and local authority, public and industry representatives. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 49 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Archaeology Potential chance The project site does not lie on, or in the Supervision of EDEPC/PMU to finds of immediate vicinity of any known During construction. construction Construction EDEPC Project Chance finds (see Daily inspection ensure that all Mitigation archaeological archaeological areas of interest. activities. contractors Manager in annex II) workers on site are measures require remains during collaboration with Quarterly reporting aware of the management time. construction. If remains are found EDEPC is committed PGESCo Site of summary results importance of to: PMU/EMS and the Manager. (or more if archaeological Should chance · cease activities and consult Assistant Plant requested) and remains and must finds occur, Antiquities authority; Manager will submitted to the report any potential protection & · protection in situ if possible; allocate EEHC and any finds immediately. excavation could · excavation of areas where protection responsibilities in other concerned add significantly to not feasible; accordance with the authority (e.g. the cost. · preparation of a Chance Finds Chance Finds EEAA, WB, AfDB Immediate liaison Procedure and Method Statement. Procedure. etc.), if required. with Competent Administrative Authority should a potential find be uncovered. Natural Disasters Flash flooding. Good engineering design will incorporate No monitoring EDEPC/PMU to Relevant costs are the following mitigation measures: During construction. measures are PMU/EMS and the EDEPC Project Quarterly reporting ensure that all included within the · drainage system designed to direct envisaged. Assistant Plant Manager in of summary results workers on site construction costs flood water from main plant areas Manager collaboration with (or more if receive training in into the sea and direct potentially PGESCo Site requested) and emergency contaminated waters through the oil submitted to the preparedness and interceptor. Manager. EEHC and any other concerned response authority (e.g. procedures. EEAA, WB, AfDB etc.), if required. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 50 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Solid Waste Management Good practice measures such as the During construction. Periodic inspection Implementation of EDEPC Project Management Quarterly reports EDEPC/PMU to Management time following: is required to Good Site Manager in contract in place from management ensure all plus costs · all waste taken off-site will be ensure the Management collaboration with contractor to contractors and (< US$ 20K) undertaken by a licensed contractor implementation of practices shall be PGESCo Site Functional EDEPC and then subcontractors and EDEPC will audit disposal good management the responsibility of Manager. transfer station. to EEHC. working on site are procedure; practices during all contractors on aware of ESMP · collection and segregation of wastes construction. site under These reports are and all employees and safe storage; supervision of the to be submitted to are given basic · recording of consignments for PMU/EMS and the any other induction training disposal; Assistant Plant concerned on good · prior agreement of standards for Manager. authority (e.g. construction and storage, management and disposal EEAA, WB, AfDB, site management with relevant authorities. etc.), if required. practices. It is of highest importance that final disposal of wastes shall be strictly adhered to environment friendly disposal Contract. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 51 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 5 (Contd.) Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Measures(*) Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting / Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Occupational Health & Safety Good local and international construction During construction. Daily inspection is Implementation of EDEPC Project Management Daily inspection EDEPC/PMU to Mitigation practice in Environment, Health and Safety required to ensure Good Site Manager in procedures in ensure all measures will (EHS) will be applied at all times and the implementation Management collaboration with place. Quarterly reporting contractors and require account will be taken of local customs, of EHS Policies, practices and the PGESCo Site of summary results sub-contractors for management time practices and attitudes. Measures include: plans and practices EHS policies shall Manager. Workers health (or more if workers on site plus costs of up to · implementation of EHS procedures during construction. be the responsibility and safety as requested) and include reference to US$ 50K for as a condition of contract all of all contractors on measured by no. submitted to the the requirements of implementation of contractors and sub-contractors; site under of incidents. EEHC and any the ESMP and are EHS Plans. · clear definition of the EHS roles and supervision of the other concerned aware of the EHS responsibilities of all construction PMU/EMS and the authority (e.g. policies and plants. companies and staff; Assistant Plant EEAA, WB, AfDB, All employees will · management, supervision, monitoring Manager. etc.), if required. be given basic and record-keeping as set out in induction training plant's operational manual; on EHS policies · pre-construction and operation and practices. assessment of the EHS risks and hazards; · completion and implementation of Contractors are Fire Safety Plan prior to responsible for commissioning any part of the plant; ensuring that a Fire · provision of appropriate training on Safety Plan, which EHS issues for all workers; conforms to NFPA · provision of health and safety 850, is prepared information; and implemented · regular inspection, review and prior to recording of EHS performance; and commissioning of · maintenance of a high standard of any part of the plant housekeeping at all times. under supervision of PMU/EMS and the Assistant Plant Manager. (*) Environmental regulations are to be included in all construction contracts. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 52 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 6 Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Air Quality Emissions Mitigation measures have already During first three Automatic monitoring of The analyzer EEHC Stack emissions Continuous Hourly Records must be Automatic stack from stack are not been included in the design of the years of operation. stack emissions for NOx, stations will be Environmental (at least PM10, data acquisition. kept and summary monitors: included expected to exceed plant and, given EDEPC/SPP/EMS's SO2, particulate matter and owned and Management & NOx, SOx and data (including any in the project cost. standards. strict commitment to use mazout fuel carbon monoxide (CO) via operated by Studies Sector. CO). Quarterly reporting deviations from oil for <2% of operating time, no test ports installed in the EDEPC/SPP/EMS. to EEHC. Egyptian and World Management time further mitigation measures are main stacks. Report bank standards) for compilation of proposed. Assistant Plant introduced to Reports are to be will be submitted to reports and Manager EEAA as available to any of the Government, performance EDEPC/SPP/EMS will however requested. the concerning AfDB and WB on monitoring: demonstrate the validity of the authorities (EEAA, annual basis (or included in conclusions drawn in the ESIA Third party WB, AfDB, etc.). more frequently if operation cost. report. inspection. required). Install two continuous Ambient air quality EDEPC/SPP/EMS will demonstrate Ambient air Annual reporting by Purchase of affected by the validity of the conclusions drawn NOx, SO2, CO, PM10 & TSP pollutants EDEPC/SPP/EMS Continuous emissions from the in the ESIA report. If ground level monitoring stations to concentrations (at to Government, Monitors (see power plant. concentrations are found to be above monitor short-term least TSP, PM10, AfDB and WB etc. construction local and World Bank standards concentrations in the area NOx, SOx and (or more frequently management options for further mitigation will be predicted to have the CO). if required) table). discussed. highest impacts on humans (as there are no highlighting key other sensitive features and environments). The comparing results analyzer station near or with air quality Annual servicing, within the site boundaries standards and calibration & will include a continuous prediction in ESIA running costs: monitor of meteorological report included in conditions (temperature, operation cost. wind speed, wind direction and mixing heights). The analyzer stations will be electronically connected to the EEAA ambient monitoring system. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 53 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 6 (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Aquatic Environment The design of the intake and cooling Lifetime of the plant EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Basic Monthly reports Records will be Management time Discharge of water structures have already Prepare regular water quality Environmental parameters from kept and compared for implementation process and incorporated measures to reduce monitoring program including: Assistant Plant Management & as per the EDEPC/SPP/EMS on regular basis of site cooling water. impacts. In addition, good site · quality of all water prior to Manager. Studies Sector. Law 4/1994 to EEHC against Egyptian, management management practices including the discharge (continuous and Law AfDB and World practices. following will be implemented: monitoring of all discharged 93/1962 Continuous Bank standards included in · neutralization, oil separation, water for temperature and monitoring of water and impacts operation cost flocculation and filtration of any quality etc. predicted in ESIA. contaminated water before pH, daily monitoring of All costs are discharge to either plantation process water for COD, TSS, Monthly monitoring Summary reports included in irrigation network or Ettaqa oil & grease and residual of heavy metals (with any operation cost. sewer network (in the near chlorine and monthly and other exceptions future); monitoring of heavy metals pollutants. identified) will be · no disposal of solid wastes or and other pollutants) submitted to the waste water into the discharge 3-monthly Government , AfDB structure; · ambient water quality in the monitoring of the and WB etc. on · regular maintenance of site area affected by the plume. annual review basis drainage system to ensure discharge plume (3- monthly (or more frequently efficient operation; monitoring of temperature, Annual monitoring if required). · all discharges will comply with pH, COD, BOD, TOC, DO, of benthic local Egyptian and World Bank TSS, oil & grease, residual environment (over EDEPC/SPP/EMS guidelines. chlorine, heavy metals and a 3 year period). to ensure that all other pollutants. employees are In addition, EDEPC/SPP/EMS will Weekly monitoring given basic demonstrate the validity of the Annual monitoring of benthic of Fish Catches on induction training conclusions drawn in the ESIA environment within a 2 km intake screens on the report. If pollutant concentrations in radius of the discharge point (over a 1 year requirements of the the discharge or impacts to the (over a 3 year period) period. ESMP, good site surrounding aquatic environment Weekly monitoring of fish management are found to be above local and catches on intake screens Reports are to be practices and H&S World Bank standards or available to any of procedures. The unacceptable, options for further inclu-ding species, num-bers the concerning Assistant Plant mitigation will be discussed. and size (over a 1 year period). authorities (EEAA, Manager will WB, AfDB, etc.). ensure implementation of procedures. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 54 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 6 (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Noise Specific design mitigation measures to During first year of When the plant is EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Power plant Quarterly to Should any Minimal costs (up minimize noise impacts include: operation. fully operational, Environmental compliance with EDEPC and EEHC. complaints be to US$ 10K per noise audit Third party audit Management & ESMP. received regarding annum) required for · steam turbine generators; air measurements are supervised by Studies Sector. Monthly reporting of noise, these will be provision of compressors, pumps and emergency to be carried out at Assistant Plant summary results logged and the protective wear diesel engines are enclosed in noise sources and Manager (or more if Assistant Plant (included in buildings; at the fence of the requested) and Manager will operation cost). · air compressors are equipped with power plant as well submitted to the investigate silencers; as at noise EEHC and any other concerned problem. · noisy outdoor equipment are receptors around authority (e.g. No further designed to a noise limit of 90 dB (A) the plant. EEAA, WB, etc.), if mitigation or at 1 m. required. EDEPC/SPP/EMS monitoring costs to ensure that all envisaged with the In addition, plant workers will be provided employees are exception of with protective wear in plant areas with given basic management time. high noise levels. The plant will operate in induction training accordance with internationally accepted on the Noise audit US$ health and safety measures. requirements of the 10-20K (included in ESMP, good site operation cost). management practices and H&S procedures. The Assistant Plant Manager will ensure implementation of procedures. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 55 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 6 (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Flora and Fauna Disturbance to habitats as a result The following mitigation measures will be Lifetime of the No monitoring is EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Good plantation Yearly EDEPC/SPP/EMS Management time of noise, vehicle implemented: plant. envisaged. Environmental to ensure that all and personnel · restrict personnel and vehicle Assistant Plant Management & employees are movements. movements to access roads and Manager Studies Sector. given basic within boundaries of site only; and induction training · control of noise during operation. on the requirements of the ESMP, good site management practices and H&S procedures. The Assistant Plant Manager will ensure implementation of procedures. Visual Impact Visual image of The visual effect of the power plant will be Lifetime of the No monitoring is EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Improved visual Considered Approx. US$ 20- power plant from improved through: plant. envisaged. Environmental image management of 35K for surrounding areas. · creation of landscaped boundary Assistant Plant Management & landscaped areas landscaping along the fence of the power plant. Manager Studies Sector. to maximize visual measures · Ficus elastica var decora and Ficus image and habitat (included in nitida will be propagated and the creation. operation cost) resulting plants will be used for decorating and landscaping the site EDEPC/SPP/EMS when completing the new power to contract a plant. One may obtain 200-300 suitable firm to individual plants from a single tree. manage landscaped areas. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ESIA for El-Ain Al-Sokhna Thermal Power Project No 1312 E.S. - Page 56 of 82 HB -10 August 2008 ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS GROUP Table 6 (Contd.) Operational Impact Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Responsibility Type and Issue/Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Monitoring Frequency of Management and Indicative Cost Schedule Monitoring Implementation Supervision Indicators Reporting/ Training Estimate (US$) monitoring Soil and Hydrology Spillage of oils, chemicals or fuels Good site management measures as Lifetime of the plant The Assistant Plant EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Quality of bunds 6-monthly reports EDEPC/SPP/EMS, Management time on site. described under Aquatic Environment Manager will Environmental and drainage from management through the will minimize any potential risks. As part of continuously Assistant Plant Management & systems. to EEHC. Assistant Plant this, regular checks of bunds and drainage monitor application Manager Studies Sector. systems will be undertaken to ensure of ESMP and good Efficiency of Annual reporting of Manager, will containment and efficient operation. site management operation. summary results implement a Spills practices and take (or more if Response Plan and corrective action if requested) and all employees will required. submitted to the receive EEHC and any corresponding other concerned training. authority (e.g. EEAA, WB, etc.), if required. Solid Waste Good practice measures undertaken Lifetime of the plant Continuous EDEPC/SPP/EMS EEHC Management 3-monthly reports EDEPC/SPP/EMS Management time during the construction phase will be monitoring is Environmental contract in place. from management to ensure all and costs (