THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA E I NATIONAL TRUNK ROAD FROM LIANYUNGANG TO HUOERGUOSI LUOYAiVG-SANMENX/A EXPRESSWAY AND ITS LINKING ROADS Henan Provincial Communications Department August, 1995 Abbreviations HPCD Henan Provincial Communications Department HPCRDt Henan Provincial Communications Reconnaissance and Design Institute HPEPB Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau HPFD Henan Provincial Fire Department HPHHMA Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Management Authority HPICRA Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology HPPSD Henan Provincial Public Security Department Table of Contents I Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway 1. General 2. Project Description 3. Environmental Situation 4. Predicted Environmental Impacts 5. Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures 6. Analysis of Alternatives 7. Relocation and Resettlement 8. Public Participation II. Linking Roads 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Environmental Situation 4. Predicted Environmental Impacts 5. Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures 6. Public Participation Ill. Appendices 1. Identification of Environmental Impacts 2. Prediction of Future Traffic Noise Exceeding the Standard at Sensitive Points 3. Air Quality Prediction Results of Sensitive Points 4. Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures Considered in Design Stage 5. Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction Stage 6. Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures for the Operation Period 7. Sensitive Points Deserving Sound Arresters 8. Environmental Management Network for the Construction Period 9. Environmental Management Network for the Operation Period 10. Environmental Monitoring Program for Construction Period 11. Environmental Monitoring Program for Operation Period 12. Key Elements of THE EAP for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway 13. Prediction of Traffic Noise Exceed the Standard at Sensitive Points of Linking Roads 14. Environmental Mitigation Measures for Design Stage of Linking Roads 15. Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction Period of Linking Roads 16. Environmental Mitigation Measures for Operation Period of Linking Roads 17. Environmental Monitoring Program for the Construction Period of Linking Roads 18. Environmental Monitoring Program for the Operation Period of Linking Roads 19. Key Elements of EAP for Linking Roads EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Luovana-Sanmenxia Expressway 1. General 1.1 Luoyang-Sanmenxia expressway, a section of the national trunk road starting from Lianyungang and ending at Huoerguosi, is the west part of the section located in Henan Province. When completed to link with Xian-Lintong-Weinan expressway in the west and Kaifeng-Zhengzhou-Luoyang expressway in the east, it will result in great benefits to the expressway network and local economy. Entrusted with the environmental impact assessment {EIA) by Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Construction Authority in November 28, 1994, Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Institute (holding Class A EIA certificate issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency [NEPA] ) completed, in December, 1994, the EIA outline on the basis of field visits. On February 21, 1995, Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Agency organized review of the EIA outline as mandated by NEPA. On the ground of a large quantity of field investigation, monitoring, analysis, prediction and public consultation efforts, the EIA report was prepared in Artril, 1995. 1.2 The EIA was prepared in compliance with the following requirements: 1.2.1 Environmental Management Directive to Construction Projects 1.2.2 World Bank Operational Directives 1.2.3 Review of the "EIA Outline for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway, A Section of the National Trunk Road from Lianyungang to Huoerguosi" by the Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Agency in Letter No. YHJ-21 (1995) 1.2.4 World Bank's comments on environmental protection appraisal of Luoyang- Sanmenxia expressway, faxed on January 6, 1 995 1.2.5 Minutes prepared by the World Bank project identification mission for Henan 2 Highway Project in March, 1995 1.3 This report also includes summaries of "Action Plan for Environmental Protection of Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway", "Resettlement Implementation Plan for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway" and archaeological salvation report. 1.4 While studying and predicting the environmental setting on both sides of the proposed Luoyang-Sanmenxia expressway, the EIA also describes the eco-environment and air pollution sources in larger range upto 1 000 m from the road. In detail, the EIA involves: 1.4.1 investigation of the environmental background and public opinions along the proposed road 1.4.2 analysis of the present environmental quality along the road 1.4.3 prediction of possible environmental impacts in construction and operation periods ES-1 1.4.4 provision of environmental impact mitigation measures, development of environmental management/monitoring programs for construction and operation periods 1.4.5 comparison of south versus north route alternatives at Guanyintang and also development of the preferable proposal. 1.5 EIA of this project involves such environmental laws/regulations and environmental standards as: 1.5.1 "Law of Environmental Protection, PRC" 1.5.2 "Law of Air Pollution Control, PRC" 1.5.3 "Regulation for Noise Poltution Control, PRC." 1.5.4 "Law of Land Management, PRC" 1.5.5 "Law of Cultural Relics Protection, PRC" 1.5.6 "Procedure for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects" issued by NEPA in Letter No. No. 003 (86) 1.5.7 "Procedure for Environmental Management of Communications Projects" issued by the Minister of Communications in his Decree No. 17 (90) 1.5.8 "Procedure for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects in Henan Provincial" 1.5.9 "Air Environmental Quality Standard, PRC" (GB3095-82) 1.5.10 "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Areas, PRC" (GB3096-93) 1.5.11 "Standard for Pollutant Emission from Asphalt Industry, PRC" (GB4916-85) 1.6 EIA of this project includes 4 base years, namely, construction period: 1996-1999 initial operation period: 2000 middle operation period: 2010 late operation period: 2020 1.7 Main conclusions retrieved from the project EIA are as follows: 1.7.1 The local physio-ecology along the proposed road is as commonly observed in this region. With low vegetation coverage, Soil erosion is so serious that most of the road sections are susceptible to water and soil loss. There is no rare and endangered species within 1 km from the road. ES-2 1.7.2 With relatively good environmental noise situation, the project area is rather quiet. But the local air environmental quality is to some extent polluted, and concentrations of T.S.P. and CO are comparatively high. Lead content in the arable layer of soil is at a normal level. 1.7.3 Water and soil loss may be serious as a result of surface vegetation destruction due to construction activities. Generally, the affected range of noise due to construction activities in day hours will not be farther than 100 m from the worksites, although the range may be beyond 200 m at night hours. Blown dust and asphalt smoke arising from construction activities will mainly affect the range within 100 m leeward of the worksites though the area 100-200 m away will be affected to some extent. However, such impacts will be minor in the area 200 m away from the worksites. 1.7.4 Sensitive points within 100 m from the roadside will be exposed to traffic noise impacts. Especially, such interference will be more significant at night hours. In the operation stage, vehicle exhaust will pose certain impacts on the air environment leeward of the roadside. N0 concentrations may exceed the EIA standard. 1.7.5 With appropriate mitigating/offsetting measures, all the project-related environmental impacts will be minimized. 1.7.6 Both the local communities and governments support the road construction. 1.7.7 Out of the south and north alternatives at Guanyintang, the south scheme is adopted, considering topography, environment, resettlement and other factors. 2. Proiect Descriotion 2.1 Located in the west part of Henan Province, on the south bank of the Yellow River, this road has a total length of 134.214 km. In accordance with standards for expressways in extensive hilly areas, it will be built into a 4-lane expressway at its full length. With a roadbed width of 24.5 m and a calculated speed of 100 km/h, it will require a total cost about 4000 million RMB. 2.2 This road happens to start from the end point (Dongtouzhuang Village in Mengjin County, Luoyang City) of Zhengzhou-Luoyang expressway under construction. Going through north of Xinan C:ounty seat, Yima City and Mianchi County seat, and south of Sanmenxia City, it ends at Chengcun Village northwest of the new Shanxian County seat in Sanmenxia City. 2.3 Construction of this road requires a total land area of 13285.24 mu (885.68 ha) for permanent use, including 10525.92 mu (701.73 ha) dryland, 972.96 mu (64.86 ha) wasteland, 922.98 mu (61.53 ha) orchard, 5.6 mu (0.37 ha) vegetable plot, 173.39 mu (11.56 ha) forest farm (land) and 684.39 ha (45.63 ha) residential site. ES-3 2.4 At the full length of the road, there are 7 interchanges, 27 overpasses, 10 super bridgas with a total length of 9578.29 m, 31 large bridges (6838.54 m), 4 middle- sized bridges (334.28 m), 7 small bridges (833.07 m), 111 culverts (7678.73 m), 66 overline bridges (3859.88 m) and 137 passageways (5064.09 m). There are also 3 service zones. 2.5 Lying where the land fluctuates to a great extent, this road requires large quantities of excavation and backfill works. The whole roadbed includes 24.6019 miltion m3 backfill and 29.4548 million m3 excavation works. The pavement totals 2.5094 mi;lion m2 while slope protection works of grouted scabbling total 0.3465 million m3. 2.6 Among the construction materials required for this road, steel, cement and timber will be supplied by Luoyang, Mianchi and Sanmenxia Cities at a short hauling distance. Separately sourcing from Ruyang and Nanyang at a long distance, sand will be transported via highway and railway. Stone materials will be supplied by Yanshi, Xinan, Yima, Mianchi and Shanxian at a short distance. The embankment required for the road bed will be generally excavation materials which will be longitudinally allocated in a reasonable manner. 2.7 Planned to be commenced in 8 lots ill 1996, this road will be open to traffic by the end of 1 999. 2.8 Through environmental impact identification (see Table 1), ecoenvironment (including water and soil loss), noise, air, cultural relics and agriculture are chosen as significant environmental elements of this project, although social environment and landscape are also considered. Ill. Environmental Situation 3.1 Along this road, the section of area from Luoyang to Xinan lies in loess broken county with developed gullies. Passing through Mount Xiaoshan, the section from Xinan to Sanmenxia is located in extensive hillyland areas with developed gullies and fluctuating land. From Sanmenxia to the end of this road, it is loess plateau. Out of the total length of the road, some 90 km is distributed in extensive hillyland while the rest 40 km is located in loess plateau and broken country. 3.2 The project area belongs to highland and broken country of the second bench terrain where there are many coal fields, including a large coal subsidence north of Guanyintang township. The project area is limited to the Yellow River basin, the rivers here are rain-fed seasonal ones except Jianhe, Qinglonghe and Canglonghe Rivers which are permanent ones. Ground water here, except in floodland areas, is phreatic water lying 60- 80 m (100 m in some cases) under the ground. With a developed fault tectonics and many major faults, there have ever happened sensible earthquakes here. The basic seismic intensity east of Mianchi is 6 degrees while it is 7 degrees from Mianchi to Guanyintang and 8 degrees west of Guanyintang. 3.3 The project area belongs to the warm semi-arid continental monsoon climate zone, with distinct four seasons. The mean annual temperature is 12.6-13.9°C. The maximum depth of frozen ground is 20-30 cm. The mean annual precipitation is 467-543 mm 60-80% of which is concentrated in the period from June to September. Deflected ES-4 south wind prevails in the summer while deflected north wind prevails in the winter. The mean annual wind speed is 1.7-3.4 m/s. 3.4 In the area where the road passes by or through, there are rich mineral resources, mainly coal, bauxite, iron, molybdenum, solfatara, gold, lead, antimony, tantalum and niobium which are abundant and easy to mine. Apart from secondary trees, the local flora includes wild species distributed in mountains. The local fauna is predominated by livestock and fowl with fewer wildlife. There is neither rare and endangered species nor large habitat or wintering place of migratory birds within 1 km from the roadside. 3.5 With an average of 300 persons/km2, the local population density is at a low level in Henan Province. As important industrial and mining base of Henan Province, the project area has a relatively solid industrial ground. Industry contributes much more than agriculture to the local economy. 3.6 The local communications is mainly dependent on railways and highways. Civil aviation industry is just starting and water-borne traffic is almost zero. National road No. 310 is the only access from east to west. But street traffic and through traffic are mixed up on this national road. With extensive subsidence and severe congestion at some sections, the traffic flow over-saturated. 3.7 This project area is rich in tourism resources, including such famous scenic spots as Longmen Grottos, While Horse Temple, Guandi Temple, Baiyunshan Natural Reserve, Yangshao Cultural Site, Ancient Hanguguan Site, Baolunsi Pagoda, Sanmenxia Dam, Yellow River Tourism Site and Wudang Natural Scenic Spot. However, these are more than 5-10 km away from the road. 3.8 As explored and verified, there are 16 archaeological sites along the road, including 10 cultural sites, 1 old-stone age site and 8 ancient tombs. All archaeological exploration and salvation works will be finished after land acquisition and before commencement of the construction works. 3.9 As screened, there are 16 typical sensitive points within 200 mm from the roadside. There is no hospital, sanatorium, historical site or scenic spot in this range. 3.10 The local soil category is cinnamon soil which includes 6 kinds of soils. The pH of the local soils is 7.0-8.8. Generally, the soils are fertile, so agricultural conditions are relatively good. The local topography, geomorphology, soil and vegetation vary to a great extent, which results in varying water and soil loss. Generally, the erosion modulus is 1500 to 2000 t/km2 in loess hilly areas, 500-2000 t/km2 in loess plateaus, 1000-2000 t/km2 in highland and hillyland areas, and 500-1000 t/km2 in low loess mountains. Water conservation measures practised in the local area includes reforesting farmland and increasing vegetation coverage. 3.11 The local climate satisfies the requirements for farming two crops a year. So the farming mode here is two crops a year with winter wheat playing the leading role. The annual grain yield is, on the average, 600 kg/mu. As a result of frequent natural disasters, ES-5 mainly, droughts, agricultural development ic considerably limited. However, forestry and fruit activities have developed at a faster pace in recent years. 3.12 In the project area, vegetation coverage is far from high. Mainly cont,ibuted by crops, though, the vegetation here also includes greenbelt plants, natural deciduous shrubs and grass. The local flora is all common species. 3.13 According to zoogeographic zoning of China, the project area falls within the Mount Xiaoshan and loess hilly and plain areas in North China zono of palaearctic realm. The constitution is predominated by North China fauna of paratactic realm, though south and north species infiltrate each other. There are some species of oriental realm, but the population is small. The number of animal species here is comparatively small, especially large and middle-sized forest animals are quite few. In fields, waste slopes, shrubs, loess gullies and residential sites, there are relatively large populations of small-sized rodents. 3.14 With equivalent environmental noise level not being higher than 60 dB(A) in day hours and 50 dB(A) at night hours, the project area is rather quiet. 3.15 The local air quality is the same as at other sites in this area. The da ly average ccncentration of T.S.P. and CO is above the EIA standard in some cases, but the present NO, concentrations are reiatively low. 3.16 Lead contained in the cropped layer of soils is 15.37-39.98 mg/km which is not only lower that the national average but also lower than the background value in Luoyang and Sanmenxia. So it is in a normal status. 4. Predicted Environmental Impact 4.1 Since the land fluctuates to a considerable content, large quantities of excavation and backfill works will be required in many sections of the road. Construction activities involved in this road will cause some inevitable destruction to the local ground stability and surface vegetation. Since the excavation work quantity is slightly more than backfill quantity, water/soil loss and vegetation destruction due to soil borrowlspoil area operations will be minimized if good efforts are made to properly arrange longitudinal allocation of soil and maximum use of spoil. 4.2 Most of the existing vegetation is common species, shrub and grass plants do not ask for high ecological conditions. So it will not be difficult to recover the local vegetation. The construction of the road will not cause any extinction of plant species. Land coverage by the road only constitutes a very small part of the total land areas of the local cities and counties. As a consequence, no significant impact will be posed on habitats of terrestrial animals. 4.3 Among the bridges and culverts furnished for this road, super bridges are designed to withstand floods once in 300 years while the rest large, middle and small sized ones are designed to be able to fight against floods once in 100 years. The design has also considered not to narrow the existing river courses and not to alter the natural flow patterns. Therefore, construction of such bridges and culverts will not affect the flood ES-6 discharge capacity and original function of the rivers. Most of the farmland involved by the road is dryland, with little irrigated field. So construction of the bridges and culverts will neither significantly affect irrigation facilities. 4.4 The affected area of noise due to construction activities will be almost 100 m around the worksites in day hours and about 200 m at night hours. However, occasional noise sources (e.g. piper) will affect larger areas. 4.5 The affected area of blown dust in the construction period will cover within 200 m from the roadside, but the immediate vicinity within 100 m from the road will be subject to more significant impact. Such area to be affected by asphalt smoke among other harmful gas wastes will be within 100 m leeward of asphalt concrete mixing plants where the content of benzonpyrene is low. 4.6 Noise, blown dust and asphalt smoke due to construction activities will mainly affect construction workers. However, such impacts will disappear upon comptetion of the project. 4.7 In the operation stage, the road will not cause significant eco-environmental impacts. Lead from vehicle exhaust will accumulate in the arable layer of soils close to the road. As a consequence, such cumulation by the late operation stage will become 100 mg/kg which is still under the limit of 300 mg/kg as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture for soils with 6.5 pH value. So agricultural impacts in the operation stage will not be significant. 4.8 In the late uperation stage, 70 dB(A) traffic noise line will not be more than 200 m of the roadside in day hours though 55 dB(A) line may reach areas 300 m away in night hours. Such noise will cause significant impacts on villages 100 m from the road, especially at night hours. In the worst case by the late operation stage, such noise will be 14.4 dB(A) above the EIA standard in day hours and 25 dB(A) at night hours. 4.9 In the late operation stage, NO,, concentrations at villages 200 m leeward of the road may be above the EIA standard. The predicted maximum NO, concentration of 0.526 mg/m3 is more than 3 times above the standard, but such conditions will not happen frequently. Predicted CO concentrations at leeward of the road will only be 70% of the standard. CO instantaneous concentrations will exceed the standard in some cases although the excess is not so significant as that of NO,. Construction of the road will greatly promote the local social progress and economic development. Also, the road may improve the physical landscape in the project areas. At the full length of the road, interchanges, overpasses, overline bridges and other facilities are provided as required to avoid interference with traffic of other roads. Also, these facilities will minimize possible inconvenience to farming and normal association of the local residents. Service zones will be furnished with pollution control facilities and therefore, will not pose significant environmental impacts. Construction of the road will practically cause no impact on Huaipa pumping station ir Yima and Yanghe pumping station in Mianchi. ES-7 5. Environmental lmpa_lMtlalon Measures 5.1 Environmental Mitigation Measures in Design Stage 5.1.1 Environmental mitigation measures were incorporated into the project design as summarized in Appendix 4. 5.1.2 The road a;ignment has given due consideration to the local network planning. To regulate macro benefits, public consultation has been conducted to know what the local governments and communities think. Also, the following principles have been taken into account: a. To take Luoyang, Xinan, Yima, Mianchi and Sanmenxia among other major cities and townships as main control points, with consideratio' to connection of the road with Weinan-Lintong expressway in Shannxi Province; b. To arrange the road on both sides of Long-Hai railway and National Road 310 so as to properly link the road with the existing railway and highway network; C. To keep the road "not so close to enter but not so far to avoid" major cities and townships in line with short and long-term development plans thereof such that the road is 3-7 km off these cities and townships; d. To avoid important archaeological sites and villages as many as possible so as to minimize relocation and resettlement work and to mitigate adverse impacts on cultural relics and villages; e. To avoid worked-out coal mines among other geologically-improper areas in line with coal mining plans. 5.1.3 Adequate attention is given to proper longitudinal allocation of soil works such that spoil materials from excavation works are used for embankment to minimize use and destruction of farmland due to borrow/spoil operations on farmland and to reduce agricultural impacts and vegetation destruction. Whenever it is difficult to longitudinally allocate soil works such soil materials required for embankment fail to be satisfied, central soil borrow will be done atfixed positions located at highland or wasteland on both sides of the road. But excavation depth is required to be controlled for facilitating future re-ploughing the borrow pits. In case of section witn extremely high embankment, overline bridges will be provided to minimize use of soil. Spoil areas are located at depressions so as not occupy any farmlanid. Prior to spoil soil, the topsoil should be put aside. And spoil areas must be levelled, upon completion of the works, and then covered with the topsoil for the purpose of re-ploughing. ES-8 5.1.4 The local economy is relatively advanced. To give due consideration to the local interests, interchanges will be set up at important townships in addition to major cities and county seats. Altogether, there will be 7 interchanges spaced at an average interval of 22 km. The road will be provided with 27 overpasses, 139 passageways and 66 through-cut overline bridges such that normal communication and farming will not be affected as a consequence of the proposed road. 5.1.5 The road is to be supported by 10 super-large bridges, 31 large ones, 4 middle and 7 small-sized ones, as well as 111 culverts. The super-large bridges are designed to withstand floods once in 300 years while the other bridges and culverts apply flood probability of 1 %. This ensures that the existing function, flow pattern and discharge of the rivers, ditches and canal will not be deteriorated. 5.1.6 Detailed resettlement implementation plans were worked out in the project design stage. Well established organizations will be provided such that relocation and resettlement work will be completed prior to commencement of construction activities. 5.1.7 Henan Archaeologic.l Research Institute has finished resurveying and exploring cultural relics along the road, and has developed archaeological salvation plans. Salvation of the cultural relics will be completed prior to commencement of the project. 5.1.8 In design of slopes, high embankment slopes will be stabilized with grouted scabbling, concrete grids, shotcrete and grass while deep cut slopes are protected with grouted scabbling, concrete grids, shotcrete or sprayed grass seeds in line with the geology, ramp height and slope. Also, water sumps will be provided, as appropriate, to lead natural slope water to natural ditches or other drainage facilities. 5.1.9 Afforestation envision is improved to include aesthetic effect of median divider, slope and ditch as well afforestation beyond the land coverage of the road. Design of bridges also includes aesthetic effect provided that their proper structure is guaranteed. The design also proposes provision of manmade landscape at both service zones and interchanges such that the local landscape will be improved. 5.1.10 Service zones will be furnished with wastewater treatment facilities and boilers are designed to be equipped with dust precipitators. 5.1.11 It is proven, by Henan Provincial Archaeological Institute, that there are altogether 10 underground archaeological sites distributed along the propo,sed road. All archaeological salvation and protection activities will be comoleted after land acquisition and prior to the project commencement. 5.1.12 For this expressway to contribute to the local landscape after its completion, the afforestation design has considered the integrity of different plants such that the landscape will differ from place to place. Super and large-sized bridges are designed to be of T-shape configuration and different span values to avoid simplicity and similarity. Also, guardrails are different from bridge to bridge such that each bridge has its own unique characteristics. ES-9 5.2 Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction Stage 5.2.1 According to the quantity of works, layout of structures and administrative jurisdiction, this expressway is proposed to be divided into 8 lots, namely, Lot 1 kO+000-k12+385 Menglin-Luoyang outskirts section 12.385 km Lot 2 kl2+385-k38+915 Xlnan section 26.530 km Lot 3 k38+915-k47+228 Mianchi section 11.756 km Lot 4 k47 + 228 - k56 + 557 Yima section 9.329 km Lot 5 k60+000-k81 +795 west Mianchi section 21.795 km Lot 6 kBl +795-k99+060 east Shanxian section 16.797 km (k96+467.994-k96+000, chain breakage, 468 m shorter) Lot 7 kl0O+0OO-k109+359 west Shanxian section 22.989 km k122+070-k135+700 klOOW+000=k99+060, chain breakage, 940 m shorter) Lot 8 k109+359-k122+o70Hubin (Sanmenxia) section 12.633 km (k122+070-k121 +992.142, chain breakage, 77.8 m shorter) All these lots almost deserve the same environmental protection measures in construction activities as summarized in Appendix 5. 5.2.2 Provided the work quality is not affected, solid industrial wastes such as fly ash and slag as included in Appendix 5 may be applied to embankment sections so as to reduce soit demand. 5.2.3 As required by roadbed compaction, each of the 8 lots should be equipped with a watering car which will also serve xiang-village earth paths used to construction material hauling purposes. 5.2.4 Wherever it is difficult to carry out central lime-soil mixing, decentral roadside mixing is only allowed provided it is far from any village and construction workers engaged in such activities are provided with necessary protection devices. 5.2.5 All environmental measures for the construction stage shall be incorporated into the tender documents of each lot such that the contractors will be aware of and comply with such measures. 5.2.6 In case of any road section passing through coal field, alignment, statement of construction and land acquisition requirement shall be given to the coal mine as well its responsible department and the local government such that the mining plan would be adjusted, as appropriate. This is to ensure that mining pillars will be reserved at proper locations and that the roadbed will be stable. Also, this is to ensure that mining and road construction activities will not interfere with each other. 5.3 Environmental Mitigation Measures for Operation Stage 5.3.1 Environmental impact mitigating/offsetting measures for the operation stage are summarized in Appendix 6. 5.3.2 For mitigating or avoiding environmental impacts due to accidental events in the operation period, the following measures are proposed herein: ES-1 0 a. Enhanced management of vehicles to ensure they are in good condition: b. Strengthened training services for drivers to forbid any driving in drunk and fatigue conditions, and to forbid any forcible overtaking; c. Anyvehicle carrying toxic, harmful, flammable, explosive and volatile among any other dangerous things should have permissions issued by public security, fire and communications departments; d. In case of windy, snowy, foggy and freezing days, vehicles should be driven at limited speed, or sections of the road should be closed as appropriate; e. Dynamic management and monitoring of vehicles driving on the road should be enhanced such that any unusual condition would be promptly reported; f. In case of any explosion and fire, fire departments should be promp:ly informed and the relevant road section should be closed until such event is properly treated; 9. In case of any traffic pollution event, emergency remedies should be provided as required, and responsible environmental agencies at different levels should be immediately informed such that corresponding measures can be-taken as appropriate; h. At the full length of the road, there will be furnished with 3 emergency fire brigades equipped with ambulances and fire engines among other necessary units, and the staff will be provided with necessary training services to be able to cope with any abrupt event. 5.3.3 Rural residences generally face the south with gates and windows in south rather than north walls. As a result, villages on the right side (north) of the road will be exposed, in fact, to more traffic noise impacts than those on the other side. Relatively, these villages on the right deserve bette)r efforts to mitigate traffic noise impacts. 5.3.4 In accordance with predicted traffic noise levels, it is generally necessary to provide sound arresters in case that traffic noise L,.q exceeds the standard by 10 dB(A) or more so that the local residents will not be interfered by the road construction. As screened, sensitive points deserving such sound arresters are as listed in Appendix 7. It is necessary to provide other sensitive points 200 m off the road with the following measures: a. To raise fences of the first row of residences immediately close to the road; b. To provide double windows for the first 3 rows of residences immediately close to the right side of the road; c. To surround villages with forest belts with a width not less than 30 m. 5.3.5 The local residences are almost single-storeyed with a height of 4.0 m. As calculated, 2.5 m high sound arresters will be able to keep the sensitive points within in ES-1 1 acoustic shadow Such that noise attenuation will be achieved. There are lots of modes to be used for sound arresters. The building materials to be used to such sound arresters should be selected with consideration to the sound absorptivity. Such materials include super-fine glass wool, mineral wool, rock wool, cement expanded perlite board and slag expanded perlite board. Brick walls (especially polished brick wall) are less sound absorptive. Building materials can be selected in light of the cost among other factors. Generally, such sound arresters are able to reduce noise at nearby sensitive points by 10 dB(A) or more. Raising fences on the side immediately close to the road has less effect than sound arresters, but about S dB(A) or more noise reduction is expected. It is reported that noise reduction is only about 4 dB(A) with all doors and windows open and the reduction is some 10 dB(A) with all of such close. With double windows being full close, noise attenuation may be as high as 10-20 dB(A). Forest belts with a width not less than 30 m may cut down noise level by about 5 dB(A). As predicted, the maximum traffic noise level at sensitive points may be 25 dB(A) above the EIA standard (in night hours at Shijicun in the late operation stage). With the measures stated in Paragraph 6.2.3.3, noise level at sensitive points furnished with sound arresters will be cut down by more than 20 dB(A) while that at other points or villages is reduced by 10-20 dB(A). In this way, the environmental noise level at these sensitive points or villages will satisfy the standard rather than interrupt normal livelihood of the local residents. 5.3.6 Instantaneous NO, concentration at leeward of the road in the operation stage may exceed the EIA standard. This problem can be dealt with by improving vehicle emission control to reduce NO,, discharge, strengthening vehicle emission inspection and planting trees at sensitive sites. 5.3.7 To reduce lead cumulation in the arable layer on both sides of the road, active efforts are required to spread use of lead-free fuel. 5.4 Environmental Management Program 5.4.1 Henan Provincial Department of Communications has already provided Henan Proviricial High-grade Highway Construction Headquarters (to be turned into Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Administration) with a special environmental protection agency with a staff of 5 persons 3 of whom are now available (1 senior engineer, 1 engineer and 1 assistant engineer). This agency has begun to exercise the responsibilities of environmental management involved in high-grade highways in Henan Province. About two staff will work for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway. 5.4.2 The environmentai terms of reference of this agency includes: a. To ensure compliance with environmental protection policies, laws and regulations of the Government, the Ministry of Communications and Henan Province, to work out environmental management procedures on the basis of such policies, laws and regulations and in line with the local situation and features of the high-grade highways already constructed, under construction and planned. ES-1 2 b. To develop environmental work plans and to be in charge of implementation surveillance and routine management of environmental measures exercised in construction activities of high-grade highways; c. To organize and coordinate environmental research and information work for both construction and operation periods of high-grade highways, and to spread up-to-date environmental protection experience and technology; d. To distribute environmental monitoring assignments devoted to construction and operation periods of high-grade highways; e. To investigate and deal with any traffic pollution events occurring on high- grade highways; f. To properly handle longitudinal and horizontal cooperation in environmental work, to collect and interpret environmental monitoring and research data, and to promote internal environmental protection work. 5.4.3 Luoyang and Sanmenxia Project Offices for the construction of this road will be set up and will be furnished with environmental protection sections (each of which is to be staffed with 2 full-time persons) to be responsible for the routine environmental work in the construction period of the road. 5.4.4 In the construction period, each of the proposed 8 lots will designate one or two persons who will be responsible, on a part-time basis, for surveillance and management on the regular environmental work involved in his lot monitoring noise and dust and will supervise implementation of environmental measures for his lot. 5,4.5 . Upon completion of this road, Luoyang and Sanmenxia Project Offices for the road construction will be turned into expressway management authority which will remain the existing environmental sections and staff. Mengjin, Xinan, Yima, Mianchi and Shanxian along the route will also set up their separate expressway management sub- agencies. Each of the former 3 will be staffed with 1 full-time environmental manager while either of latter 2 are provided with 2 persons for such purposes. These environmental managers wil; handle regular environmental management of each lot under the leadership and coordination of the special environmental management agency included in Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Management Authority. 5.4.6 Environmental management networks for construction and operation periods of the road are as illustrated in Appendix 8 and Appendix 9. 5.5 Environmental Monitoring Program 5.5.1 Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Construction Office has already formed a high-grade highway environmental monitoring center with 24 out of the establishment of 30 persons are now available (2 senior engineers, 10 engineers and 12 assistant engineers). Having received professional training, all of these are competent to work. About 10 persons are expected to work for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway. Equipped with some monitoring instruments and equipments, the Center is competent to carry out environmental monitoring activities. ES-1 3 This center, under the leadership of Henan Provincial Department of Communications and Henan Provincial High-grade Highway Construction Office, belongs to the environmental management agency of the latter. 5.5.2 Environmental monitoring in the construction and operation stages will be devoted to air, noise, shock and surface water. Such monitoring activities will be completed by the Henan Provincial Communications Environmental Monitoring Center. 5.5.3 Environmental monitoring programs for the construction and operation of the road are respectively described in Appendix 10 and Appendix 11. 6. Analysis of Alternatives The two alternatives near Guanyintang are compared as follows: 6.1 Length The south alternative is 3.469 km longer than the north one. 6.2 Quantity of Main Works In terms of the total quantity of works, these two alternatives do not greatly differ to one another. 6.3 Topography. Geomorphology and Engineering Geology It is obvious that the south alternative is superior in these respects. 6.4 Environmental Setting Both alternatives are relatively good. As avoiding the coal substance, the south alternative is recommended herein. 7. Relocation and Resettlement 7.1 Prior to the commencement of the road construction, a total of 65222 m2 houses and 39771 m2 dwelling caves will have to be relocated. In addition, relocation also includes 30 motor-pumping wells, 4087 tombs, 17361 m3 fences, 9 brick kilns, 18 lime kilns, 661 92 timber trees and 106302 fruit trees. The population involved is 2885 people of 641 households. As a result of the land coverage of the road, 9472 villagers will lose all or part of their leased land. 7.2 As scheduled, land requisition, relocation and people resettlement will be done from January 1 to September 30, 1996. To this end, well-established resettlement leading and implementation agencies have been made available. Those people whose housings will be relocated will be resettled elsewhere in the original village while what they think is taken into account and rational compensation is provided. Other appurtenances to be removed from the land will be also provided with life-time compensation as stipulated in relevant regulations and in light of the local actuality. Most of those who will lose all or part of their leased land will be resettled, as they desire, on ES-14 farmland redistributed by the local government, while a small part go to township enterprises. 8. Public Participation 8.1 The road alignment and interchange site selection have incorporated the local government and public opinions. And the design has considered the local interests as far as possible. 8.2 In the EIA process, representatives from the local environmental agencies and EIA agencies have gathered to discuss and finalize sensitive points deserving focus of the EIA. The local responsible environmental agencies have also reached agreement on the EIA standards. 8.3 Local people's congress and political consultive conference representatives have been interviewed in respect of the project implementation. What they are concerning about is the project land coverage and compensation. And they hope that proper compensation be made in accordance with the provincial compensation procedures in light of the local reality. 8.4 At the EIA outline review meeting, experts and representatives from the local environmental agencies expressed their view on the environmental concerns and highlights of the EIA. All the comments and recommendations of the meeting participants have been considered in the EIA. 8.5 Questionnaires have been distributed among the local residents and persons concerned. To know how the local people think about the construction of the road and environmental protection related to the road, 300 questionnaires were distributed. Out of the 280 feedback questionnaires, 168 (60%) are contributed by farmers, 14 (5%) by workers and 98 (35%) by others. The interviewees include 10 peoplets congress representatives and political consultation commissioners. 8.6 The results retrieved from the questionnaires indicate, most of the people (88%) knew something about environmental protection, though the degree varies. More than half (52%) of the interviewees expressed their dissatisfaction to the present highway communications conditions. Most of them said that the road would affect the environment to varying extent. Almost all of them thought that construction of the road would promote the local economic development, 89% of them thought the road would facilitate livelihood improvement and 95% of them agreed to construction of the road as soon as possible. In respect of relocation which would relate to their own interests, 95% of them accepted relocation and expressed their desire to be resettled elsewhere in the original villages. Among the people who would lose all or part of their land, 97.5% of them said they would continue to farm on farmland as readjusted while the rest 2.5% said they would like to go to township industries. II. Linkinc Roads 1. Introduction 1.1 Linking roads to Luoyang-Sanmenxia expressway are Xinan linking road (Jiangzhuang-Baiqiang), Yima linking road and Mianchi linking road. These 3 roads, as counterpart works of the expressway, are also proposed to partly financed by the World Bank. ES-15 1.2 Entrusted with the project EIA by the Highway Administration under Henan Provincial Commuhications Department in late May, 1995, Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Institute (holding a Class A EIA certificate granted by the National Environmental Protection Agency INEPAI) immediately proceeded its work in this respect. After environmental situation investigation, environmental impact prediction and analysis, public consultation and other grassroots activities, the "Environmental Impact Assessment of Linking Road Project, Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway" was completed. 1.3 The project EIA was prepared on the following basis: 1.3.1 Management procedure for environmental protection of construction projects 1.3.2 World Bank guidelines 1.3.3 Aide Memoire of the World Bank identification mission for Henan 2 highway project 1.3.4 Other guidelines and regulations 1.4 The project EIA covers the following contents: 1.4.1 Investigation and description of the local environmental setting 1.4.2 Monitoring and assessment of air and acoustic environmental quality situation 1.4.3 Description of project and identification of project-related environmental impact 1.4.4 Assessment of environmental impact in construction and operation stages 1.4.5 Provision of environmental impact mitigation measures, development of project-related environmental management/monitoring programs 11.4.6 Interpretation of consultations with local residents and local non- governmental organizations (NGOs) 1.5 Laws, regulations and environmental standards related to the project EIA include: 1.5.1 Law of Environmental Protection, PRC 1.5.2 Law of Air Pollution Control, PRC 1.5.3 Regulation of Noise Pollution Control, PRC 1.5.4 Law of Land Management, PRC 1.5.5 Law of Archaeological Protection, PRC 1.5.6 Management Procedure for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects by NEPA in its document No. 003 (86) ES-16 1.5.7 Management Procedure for Environmental Protection of Communications Construction Projects by the Minister of Communications in his decree No. 17 (90) 1.5.8 Regulation for Environmental Protection of Construction Projects in Henan Province 1.5.9 Air Environmental Quality Standard (GB3095-82) 1.5.10 Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Areas (GB3096-93) 1.5.11 Pol'utant Emission Standard for Asphalt Industry 1.6 The project EIA involves 4 base years, namely, 1.6.1 Construction stage March 1997-September 1998 1.6.2 Early operation stage 2000 1.6.3 Middle operation stage 2010 1.6.4 Late operation stage 2018 1.7 Principal EIA conclusions include 1.7.1 These linking roads are aligned in rather quiet areas. 1.7.2 TSP is common air pollutant in the project area. CO concentration is relatively high along Yima linking road, mainly due to local industrial and domestic fuel consumption. 1 .7.3 Environmental impacts in the construction stage include blown dust, asphalt smoke and noise arising from construction activities. 1.7.4 Traffic noise impacts at day time will not be significant along all these linking roads, but such impacts will be more significant at night time. Traffic noise will exceed the standard in all of the operation phases. As predicted, however, the maximum traffic noise L. at night time will exceed the standard by 15 dB(A). According to the assessment, other impacts in the operation stage will be minor. 1.7.5 Both the public and non-government organizations show their positive attitudes toward construction of these linking roads. 1.7.6 With various mitigating and offsetting measures implemented as appropriate, possible adverse environmental impacts will be minimized. 1.7.7 Environmentally, these linking roads are properly aligned and are therefore feasible. 2. Project Description 2.1 The linking roads have a total length of 14.4 km, including Yima road to be widened/upgraded, Xinan and Mianchi roads to be newly constructed. ES-17 2.2 Starting at Jiangzhuang which 3 km west of Xinan County seat, Xinan linking road goes north 3 km to reach the expressway at k27 + 500, and then covers 6.3 km before it ends at Baiqiang where it connects with the existing Xinan-Sicun highway. The total iength of this linking road is 9.3 km. The startpoint of Yima linking road is at k784+ 700 of National Road 310. After leaving the planned Xiangshan Street, it heads north to join the expressway at k52 + 180. The total length is 3.1 km. With a total length of 2 km, Mianchi linking road starts at Donghuancheng Road in Mianchi County seat and ends at k63+ 518 of the expressway. 2.3 These linking roads have a total length of 14.4 km. As designed, these roads are to be built according to standards for Grade 2 roads in mountain and heavy-hilly areas except Mianchi linking road which is to be completed in coincidence with standards for Grade 2 roads in plain and slight-hilly areas. The calculated driving speed is 40 km/h. Altogether, 4 bridges and 28 culverts will be provided for these 3 linking roads. The roadbed will require a total of 643100 m3 earth works. 2.4 Each of these roads will be completed, as a separate lot, in the period from March 1997 to September 1998. So they will be completed before the expressway comes into existence. 3. Baseline Data 3.1 Located in the west part of Henan Province, these linking roads are within the separate boundaries of Xinan (in Luoyang), Yima and Mianchi (in Sanmenxia). 3.2 The whole project area falls within the temperate semi-wet continental monsoon zone with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature ranges from 1 2.4°C to 14.1 °C, with an annual average air pressure 955-987 hpa, precipitation of 667- 670 mm and relative humidity about 66%. As the annual evaporation is larger precipitation, this area is susceptible to droughts. In Xinan County, west wind prevails in the year while WNW wind prevails in Yima and Mianchi. The average wind speed is 2.9-3.3 m/s. 3.3 All these 3 counties (city) enjoy rich and colorful mineral resources, with coal being the leading character. 3.4 There is no rare and endangered species in the project area. The local plants are common species. And fauna here is predominated by livestock and fowl. With a low vegetation coverage, the project area is susceptible to water and soil loss. 3.5 All of these linking roads are located in quiet areas without any major noise source in the range 200 m off the roadside. 3.6 The local air environment situation is not desirable. TSP is the principal pollutant encountered everywhere. In the vicinity of Yima linking road, CO concentration ES-1 8 is relatively high, mainly due to the local industrial and domestic fuel consumption. The project area is not exposed to NO, pollution. Air pollutant concentrations in the project area vary as the season changes. 3.7 As investigated and verified, there are no cultural relics involved in these roads. 4. Predicted Environmental Impacts 4.1 In the construction stage, noise, blown dust and asphalt smoke due to construction activities will be major environmental impacts. Other impacts will be reiatively minor. In day hours, construction noise will not reach 50 m away. But in night hours, the affected range may be as far as some 200 m. Blown dust originates from lime-soil mixing and material hauling activities, with the former being outstanding. Since lime soil for construction of the roads will be all in-situ mixed, such impact will cover a large area, though the affected distance is generally not lor-er than 50 m leeward. Stemming from asphalt concrete batching plant, asphalt smoke will interrupt the range within 1 00 m leeward of such batching plant. In this range, CnHm concentration may be above the EIA criteria. But phenol and benzopyrene concentrations will be at a low level. Also, asphalt smoke density will not be above the standard either. Such impact will not be significant beyond 100 m leeward of the asphalt concrete batching plant. All construction noise, blown dust and asphalt smoke will be encountered only in the construction stage. Upon completion of construction activities, such impacts will disappear such that no residual effect will be caused. 4.2 A total of 34 ha land will be acquired for construction of these roads. Though requiring 15 ha land, Xinan linking road completely avoids any village. So it will not involve any relocation work. But land acquisition will affect 570 residents of 114 households. For construction of Yima linking road, a total of 1 5 ha land will have to be acquired, which will require relocation of 159 people from 35 households. In addition, 32 people of 8 households will be affected as a result of land acquisition. Mianchi linking road will need 4 ha land. For this purpose, 34 people of 8 households will be relocated and 59 people of 12 households will be affected. A total of 5080 m2 housings will have to be relocated. Generally, these roads will not require large quantities of relocation work. The Highway Administration under Henan Provincial Communications Department as well as counties (city) involved have established their separate leading agencies which are already provided with full-time staff for relocation and resettlement work. Also, detailed resettlement implementation plans are available. All relocation and resettlement work will be completed prior to the commencement of these roads. ES-1 9 Traffic noise will be a major environmental impact during operation stage of these roads. Other environmental impacts in this stage will be less significant. At the average traffic volume, the traffic noise L*q at day time along these linking roads will not exceed the standard in the initial operation phase, although it will exceed the standard by less than 2 dB(A) in the middle operation phase and 4 dB(A) in the late operation phase. At the peak traffic volume, the noise level at day time will significantly exceed the standard. However, this condition will only exist in limited time. At the average night traffic volume, the noise level will exceed the standard at all the sensitive points along these roads though the extent of excess is different. Up to the late operation phase, tlhe traffic ..oise Lq at night time will exceed the standard by 7-14.3 dB(A). Relatively, the sensitive points alorg Mianchi linking road will be subject to more traffic noise impacts than those along Xinan and Yima Linking roads. 5. Environmental Mitigation Measures 5.1 In the project design stage, necessary considerations are incorporated into the design for the purpose of handling possible adverse environmental impacts related to the project. 5.2 As for the construction stage, various mitigation measures will be taken in respect of construction noise, blown dust and asphalt smoke among other environmental impacts. It will be the responsibility of contractors to implement these measures. 5.3 Environmental measures for the operation stage will be mainly devoted to traffic noise impact. Also, precautions are developed to reduce possible traffic accidents. 5.4 An environmental action plan is available for construction of these roads. When the mitigation measures are implemented as stated in this plan, all adverse environmental impacts will be minimized. 6. Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Programs 6.1 Environmental management during the construction stage will be the responsibility of full-time environmental inspectors in the county (city) project offices. Any contractor to be engaged in construction of these roads will provide a part-time environmental staff who will assist the full-time environmental inspectors in fulfilling environmental responsibilities. 6.2 Upon completion of the roads, environmental responsibilities will be handed over to environmental protection sections under the local communications bureaus. 6.3 The local environmental monitoring stations will be entrusted with the environmental monitoring activities in both construction and operation stages of these roads. Detailed work plans have been prepared for environmental monitoring in construction and operation stages of these roads. ES-20 - . - .... , 4 . 7. Public Participation 7.1 The local people expressed more enthusiasm for construction of these linking roads as compared with the expressway. While showing an positive attitudes toward construction of these roads, the local people are willing to agree with the resettlement plan provided they will be provided with proper compensations. Local non-government organizations such as people's representative congress and political consultative conference have also expressed their support to this project. In their opinion, the construction of these linking roads would be beneficial to the local economic development. ES-21 Appendix I Identification of Environmental Impacts Environmental Element Period Impact Air Waters Vegetation Agriculture Irrigation Soil Erosion Archaeology Livelihood Landscape Noise, Vibration 0 0 0 0 0 0 aS eS 0 Fume, Dust aS 0 s as 0 0 aS eS 0 Asphalt Flue eS 0 aS aS 0 0 aS OS 0 Construction Water Drainage 0 eS aS aS 0 AS 0 0 0 Domestic S3wage aS aS 0 aS 0 0 0 aS 0 Construction Land Use for Construction 0 0 eS eS AS AS aS as AS Borrow Area Operation, Excavation 0 0 OL AL aL OL aL aS 0L Relocation & Resettlement 0 0 aL aL 0 0 0 *L 0 Vehicle Exhaust 0L 0 *L *L 0 0 aL 0L 0 Traffic Noise, Vibration 0 0 0 O 0 0 aL L 0 Land Coverage of Road 0 0 L OL *L aL aL aL OL River-crossing 0 aL 0 0 aL aL 0 0 OL Connection with Other Roads 0 0 aL AaL L 0 0 aL OL Dust due to Vehicles *L 0 AL AL 0 0 aL OL 0 Operation Surface Erosion due to Precipitated Water O OL 0 aS 0 AS 0 0 0 Sewage from Service Zones aL AS 0 aL 0 0 0 aL 0 Traffic Accident aS as aS AS 0 0 aS aS 0 Note: 0 With Impact A possible impact 0 Without Impact L Long-term S Short-term ES-22 Appendix 2 Prediction of Future Traffic Noise Exceeding the Standard at Sensitive Points unit: I, dBMA) Sensitive 2000 2010 2020 NO. Chainage Point Day Day Night Day Day Night Day Oay Night Peak Average Average Peak Average Average Peak Average Average I k3+820-k4+070 Shuiquan 8.5 5.2 13.1 11.2 7.9 15.7 12.0 8.7 16.6 2 k5 + 860 - k6 + 100 Dongcun I I I 2.7 1 I 3.5 0.2 1 3 k6+900-k7+ 100 Lingau 10.5 7.2 15.1 13.2 9.9 17.7 14.0 10.7 18.6 4 k7+450-k8+200 Beizhuanggou 5.8 2.4 8.5 7.4 5.1 11.2 9.3 6.0 12.0 5 %;10+570-klO+900 Huocun 5.5 2.2 10.1 8.2 4.9 12.7 9.0 5.7 13.6 6 k25+800-k25+900 Hebeicun I 1 8.0 1.9 / 9.9 3.2 1 11.2 7 k26+000-k26+140 Pailoucun 0.8 I 7.2 3.7 0.3 10.1 5.0 1.6 11.5 8 k41 +070-k41 +900 Yingli 2.9 / 7.4 5.8 2.4 10.3 7.1 3.8 11.6 9 k44+060-k44+330 Dicun / / 0.8 2.4 I 3.7 3.7 0.4 10.0 10 k47 +450-k47+670 Loupai 7.0 3.6 7.3 9.9 6.6 15.2 11.2 7.9 16.6 11 k56-800-k57+250 Zhanggou 4.4 1.1 8.9 7.3 3.9 11.8 8.6 5.2 13.1 12 k66+660-k67+120 Goudong 7.5 4.2 7.1 10.4 7.1 15.0 11.9 8.5 16.4 13 k70+600-k71 +000 Zhuchengcun 1.1 / 1.2 4.1 0.7 7.7 5.5 2.2 9.1 14 k72+870-k74+0o0 Jiexledongwa 1.5 _ 6.1 4.4 1.1 9.0 5.9 2.5 10.4 15 kl')6+280-klOB+600 Tulinghou 0.2 I I 3.1 a 2.8 4.5 1.2 4.2 16 k 133 + 060 - k134+140 Chengcun 3.3 I 4.4 6.3 2.9 7.3 7.7 4.2 8.8 ES-23 Appendix 3 Air Quality Prediction Results of Sensitive Points urit: mgn? Prediction Result (mglm'\ Sensitive No. Chainoge Point 2000 2010 2020 CO NO, CO NO. CO NO. I 1 k3 + 820-k4 + 070 Shuiquan 0.012-2.792 0.000-0.204 0.023-5.220 0.001-0.380 0.031-7.193 0.002-0.526 2 k5 + 860- k6 + 100 Dongcun 0.001-1.411 0.000-0.103 0.003-2.638 0.000-0.192 0.004-3.635 0.000-0.266 3 kB+900-k7 + I 00 Lingou 0.012-2.792 0.000-0.204 0.023-5.220 0.001-0.380 0.031-7.193 0.002-0.626 4 k7 +460-k8 4+200 Beizhuanggou 0.010.2.672 0.000-0.192 0.0194.911 0.001-0.362 0.026-6.826 0.002-0.196 5 k 10 + 570- kl O + 900 Huocun 0.012-2.792 0.000-0.204 0.023-5.220 0.001-0.380 0.031-7.193 0.002-0.526 6 k25+800-k25 + 900 Hebeicun 0.011.1.185 0.000-0.086 0.021-2.216 0.000-0.158 0.033-3.421 0.002-0.250 7 k26+000-k26+ 140 Pailoucun 0.0111-1.185 0.000-0.086 0.021-2.216 0.001- 0.158 0.033-3.421 0.002-0.250 8 k41 +670-k4t + 900 Yingli 0.006-1.070 0.000-0.078 0.012-2.020 0.000-0.144 0.019-3.120 0.001-0.228 9 k:4+060-k44+330 Oicun 0.004-0.972 0.000-0.071 0.008-1.847 0.000-0.138 0.012-2.852 0.000-0.209 10 k + 450- k47 + 670 Loupai 0.006-1.070 0.000-0.086 0.012-2.020 0.000-0.144 0.019-3.120 0.001-0.228 11 k56 + 800- k57 +-250 Zhanggou 0.431-1.170 0.000-0.107 0.845-2.886 0.061-0.211 1.295-4.418 0.0940.323 12 k65 6 +66O - k67 +120 Goudong 0.001-0.702 0.031-0.051 0.002-1.389 0.000-0.101 0.003-2.062 o.o0o-0.161 1 3 k70-i 600 - k71 +-000 Zhuchengcun 0.001-0.702 0.000-0.051 0.002-1.389 0.000-0.101 0.003-2.062 0.000-0.161 14 k72+870-k74+060 Jiexiedongwa 0.001-0.702 0.000-0.0E7 O.02-1.389 0.111-0.101 0.003-2.062 0.000-0.161 1 5 ki 06 +280-kl 06+600 Tulinghou 0.000-0.697 0.000-0.051 0.00t-1.377 0.000-0.101 0.002-2.045 0.000-0.159 16 k133-+ 060-kl34+ 140 Chengcun 0.000-0.717 0.000-0.052 0.002-1.417 0.000-0.103 0.003-2.105 0.000-0. 164 ES-24 Appendix 4 Summary of Environmenta! Mitigation Measures Considered in Design Stage Description Environmental Principle Route Selection To properly align by roundabout way or other measures in line with the topography and road network. Social Disruption Adequate number of interchanges, overpasses, underpasses and through-cut overline bridges were designed. Soil Erosion To stabilize slope with engineering and biological measures so as to control water/soil loss. Planting of trees and grass on median divider and along the roadside was included in the design. As appropriate, water sumps will be designed to lead natural slope water to natural ditches or other drainage facilities. Earth Works To longitudinally allocate soil works, reduce the quantity of soil borrowlspoil and minimize damage to topography, vegetation and farmland. Water Pollution Waste water treatment facilities were designed for service zones. Noise Noise barriers, brick walls, double glass windows or other measures were identified and integrated in the design. Flooding To provide adequate number of large, medium or small bridges and culverts in line with the actuality, to consider adequate flood frequency in design. Cultural Relics Cultural relics survey was carried out, archaeological salvation will be undertaken. Afforestation To consider militation of exhaust gas and traffic noise mitigation by aesthetic effect. Landscape Afforestation design paid due attention to aesthetic effect. Bridge design also included considerations to aesthetic effect. ES-25 Appendix 5 Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction Stage Envitonrnental Issue Environenne tMltigatton Measie 'petwnewor Maxtor Protection "I Ltiat 1. To property arrange longlud"in allocatson of sutgxade sohwortks; s:PCRO & tPHA oca erornlf. Resources 2. To borrow sor liam hightisI in case of inadrrtuny of emnbankent. but to control tr excavatn dept, nEh cxns,dertOr to sOrN in1Utlat waste mnaterias nertby; contractors gictturiJ. orestry asd 3 To ptace excavation materials in low-lying ares and to btiovrw sod trom ?rghLand for faciitatin futurs tecjrlation CernWVv *Oivwies 4. To ternpotaohy put aside th cropped sod layer herevter it is necessary to borrov any So tromn farmand or to place excaaton materials in tantland. to eM and to place back the cropped scat ta-et for larntd recovery; S. To strkily control excavation, depth so as to avoid barrow pits; 6. Not to use any forests as material botrow sdtes; 7. To maximize rise of wasteland or poor land, and to minimize tarmlaid as; a. To propetty compens3te for any temporary use ol lritvndi accosding to tte duration of suts occupstion 9. Upon completion ol construction activities. to Clea tele Laid for tanporary rise and to redsam i: t0. To mrninite livid areas lfo temporary use; 11. Eaucation of constructicn vwokers wiD be stlengthened to protect naturia resources ard vwid lif. t any poacbrei vet be srncsv psrotbed.tt Sod EvosioniwVatev 1. Trees and gas wltR be planted on side slope arid alnt twe radside wtwhe appwopriaTe Contractors PHtA. enwoaiseronti PotS,tion 2. Appro-piate measures, tither rebi&tation or reccrstructionr vlit be takers it the existing irrigation or draage system ate daagetd -s 3. Since the Yanghe and tGirgonghe Rivers are separatery protective driking watter sources construction camps of the wockers Ior constructon of brof dges he shot be tar trons these rivers to enure the tive wat siatrY; 4. Any waste materials tessuting from btidgelcti vert cunstructbn stArO riot be tscged into th rivetrs aid channets here to Jod wy impact on the hood tcfsaltge capacity or originat functions thereol: S. Hot to destroy any of the river dykes i not to aflect the flodt disosarge capacity; 6. Not to nrurow the ortigina river channel; 7. Tempory channel rc consdit wi be constructed tor irisgatinn an slaige durng the coSUsction of permannt rai nagte systerns 8. To prtevet sket discharge ot poPulted walest ho coussuction atrvvstes into rivers and iagatio ctaieis- Construction Camp 1. To di-scharge nighisoit and consumer wsttevrater after simnpy tested In septic tanks: dit ditto 2. Any corasaner wastewater due to construction of bidges and ctiverls shall not be discharged into selace water; 3. To stockpil domestic irash for concentrated treaunent. DustlAir Pollution t. To centrally nilx lime an sod mateials: dino itto 2. To locate tine and sod mixinbg plants more than 200 m leeward of residentil vles; 3. To provide time and sod mixkmi plaist operators with necessary protection meastres, such as gose masks and goggles; 4. To centrailr mix aspht concrete o the extent possibte; 5. To provide asphalt concrete devery systerms with precipitation dvices; 6. To tocate asphatt concrete bostcisg plants more than 20C m leewaid rathe than nrswi arrd ot any fesidentil site; 1. To provide asphalt concrete batchitn plant operators with protection meares, such as shft work and shorter time of oposure to asp"alt smote B. To exercise regular phys.af exsaninations on such operators so s to repace anybody with halth prrems or to take other measures as resytire- Moise I. To turnish pillar. doe. grader, excavator end any other noise source eqripment operators with earph4s for protecting their physica heatls. ditto dtt 2. To ktep material hauln vehicles in good conditions so as to cut down noise impacts due to such vehicdes 3. To equlp Nhlfrnolse equtment with s5ur9*repcl# devies; 4. To suspend cosurtcthln activities during right hous iromn 22 ti to 6 00O Cultural Relics 1. To suspend wotk for the purpose of protecting any discovered cuflur.s eics: ditto Local rcdaeot$C agt es 2. To leport to archecotolgici depattments: 3. To provide ccoperation nd assistance in archaerootical salvation. 4. Excavation will not be resumed ia-td ldsnbrscaltiOn of Cstdural reliCS by the autfioried institution of preservations cacmpWleed and necessary measures identified- transportation 1. To select hauii toute In a scientic and carefut mamner so as to mirninine intsereence w th tshe easv comsncatios. trAng "tssmnce ed eown dust Contractors HPHfUA. localtt ecurity Management 2. To water the sorifce of the tasportation route at least twrice in the morrang Ynd twice in tie afternoon tespciey in the sunmerl so as to redce bOwtvn dust; OP. 3. To walte arnd cover the surface of fly ash lor othrr industtial wastenl and sol being tranported 4. To cover the surface ot cement and tirne being tanspotted; 5. To prtevent or rnriniuze traffic Wats during tht conautrctxtn porkd Transportation 1. Elficient lightIng equipment nd safety signs will be instaSled on tempoary roads during the construction peri; citto ditto Safelt 2. Adeouate trallic reglations will be adopted nd imptimented for ttemporry toads. Allorestation 1. to select speies of trees for grass) ainst dilefenet features of th slope. mediurn ivider, ramp and propety line: Contrators. Fth*A 2. To real orest any previous greenla used for temporatr purposes ur completion of costnKouon HPCtDt 3. To alforest previous wasttelnd used as borrow areas or soi aress poon completin of conatuCtiXor 4 To consider aesthetic effect in aliorestation desig 5. To Incorporate servie zones a-d toll stations alooestation into the design; 6. To incude alforestation costs in enviorornvental protection cost estimate; 7. To proceed ealoreslation work with main works of the evpreesway. ES-26 Appendix 6 Summary of Environmental Mitigation Measures for the Operation Period Environmental Issue Envjronriental Measure Implementor Supervsor 1. To exercise noise monitoring of vehicles and to stop any vehicte failing to meet the national standard trom entering into the road, Expressway Management. Provincial Departmrent of 2. Any low-speed vehicle shall not be allowed to go on this road; Tralfic Poflice & High- Publc Security. 3. Any vehicle on this road should use lov-voice horns, and pilot lamp rather than horn shall be used for overtaking; grade Highway Department of Tralfic Noise 4. Not to sound the horn in night hours; Envitonmental Monitoring Communrications and Local S. To enhanco road maintenance and to ensure road quality; Departments Environmental Agencies 6. To provide comprehensive measures for sensitive points without sound arrestets within 200 m trom ihe road. e.g. provision of sound-proof lorest belts, raising fences and provision of double-layer glass windows. 1. To carry out exhaust monitoring of vehicles and not to allow any vehicle failing to meet the national standard onto the road; ditto ditto Vehicle Exhausl 2. To properly maintain affaoestation works and to eniure adequacy of greenbelts; 3. Not to locate any more residential site, school, hospital or any other sensitive points within a range 200 m from both sides of th road. WaterlSoil Loss To properly protect the slope with turf, save concrete blocks or grids, to avoid water and soil loss due to scouting precipitated Expressway Maintenance Expressway Management water. Squads Department 1. To adjust crop structure so that eatable tuberous root crops and vegetables. etc. ate not grown within a range 150 m from the Local Agricultural Local Goverments Agricultural Impact road sides: Oepattrments 2. Considering lamp diffusion in night hours, it is proper to grow light-resistant plants (crops) in the vicinity of the roadside: 1. To set up wastewater treatment facililies for treating wastewater before discharged from service zones; Expressway Management Local Environmentat Sewage from 2. To equip Ihe boilers in the service zones with precipitators for the smoke concentration to satisfy the national standard; Department Agencies Service Zone 3. To enhance service zone management and to remove out any trash in the right time; 4. To prevent any oil leakage or fire disaster from occunring at service stations near the service zones. ES-27 Appendix 7 Sensitive Points Deserving Sound Arresters No. Chainage Sensitive Point Location of Sound Arrester Length {m) Time for Provision 1 k3 + 820 k4 + 080 Shuiquan Both Sides of the Road 260 on left, 160 on right built by 1999 2 k6+950-k7f050 Lingou Left Side of the Road 100 Built by 1999 3 k7+640-k7+760 Beizhuanggou Left Side of the Road 120 Built by 2010 k8+020-k8+080 Left Side of the Road 60 Built by 2010 4 kl0+600-klO+700 Huocun Left Side of the Road 100 Built by 2010 5 k25 + 850-k26 +900 Hebeicun Left Side of the Road 50 Built by 2020 6 k26 + 020 - k26 + 100 Pailou Right Side of the Road 80 Built by 2020 7 k41 +700-k41 +850 Yingli Right Side of the Road 160 Built by 2020 8 k44 + 040 - k44 + 200 Dicun Right Side of the Road 160 Built by 2020 9 k47 + 550-k47 + 650 Loupai Both Sides of the Road 100 on both sides Built by 2010 10 k56+900-k57+060 Zhanggou Right Side of the Road 160 Built by 2010 11 k66+600-k66+900 Goudong Right Side of the Road 300 Built by 2010 12 k73 + 890- k74 +000 Jiexiadongwa Right Side of the Road 110 Built by 2020 13 k82+850-k83+000 Shlicun Both Sides of the Road 150 on both sides Built by 1999 14 k83+800-k83+850 Shangao Right Side of the Road 50 Built by 1999 15 k84+750-k84+900 Gaoyan Left Side of the Road 150 Built by 1999 ES-28 Appendix 8 Environmental Management Network for the Construction Period ENVIRONMENTAL KANAGEMENT AQENCY OF HENAN PROVINCIAL HIGH-GRADE Ihree out of the 5-person staff area avallabtc, HIGHUAY CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY and the rest 2 will be availabile by the end of 1995. I ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION (2) OF LUOYANG PROJECT OFFICE 1(2) OF SANMEMXIA PROJECT OFFICE I LOT 1 LO 2 LOT 3 LOT 4 LOT 5 LOT 6 LOT 7 LOT 8 (KO000-K12*385) (K 12+385-X38*915) (K38+915-K47+228) (K47+228-K56#557) (K600000-KBti795) (K81 795-K99+060) (KIOO.000-K109+359) (K109+359-K122+070 1 PART-TIME I PART-TIME (K56+557-K60+000) 1 PART-TIKE 1 PART-TIME 1 PART-TIME (K1224070-K135.070) 1 PART-TIRE ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF 2 PART-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF 2 PART-TIME ENVIROYHENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF LUOYANG-SANHENXIA EXPRESSWAY IN THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD] ES-29 Appendix 9 Environmental Management Network for the Operation Period ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AGENCY OF HENAN PROVINCIAL HIGH-GRADE HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY(S) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION (2) OF LUOYANG PROJECT OFFICE |(2) OF SANHERX's PROJECT OFFICE 4 . ~ ~I S - 1 FULL-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL] 1 FULL-TINE ENVIRONMENTAL 1 FULL-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL 2 FULL-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL 2 FULL-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL STAFF OF MENGJIN MANAGEMENT STAFF OF XINAN MANAGEMENT STAFF OF YIMA MANAGEMENT ISTAFF OF HIANCHI MANAGEMENT ISTAFF OF SHAMNXIAN MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF LUOYANG-SANMENXIA EXPRESSWAY IN THE OPERATION PERIOD ES-30 Appendix 10 Environmental Monitoring Program for the Construction Period Environmental Element Monitoring Point Monitoring Item Monitoring Time & Frequency Implementor Supervisor 2-3 points at work sites, T.S.P., Dust TSP: 4 times a year, each lasting 3 Henan Ptovincial Henan Provincial High-grade Air quarry areas, borrow areas days; Communications Highway Construction and hauling truck roads of Dust: once a week. Environmental Authority, Local each lot Monitoring Center Environmental Protection 3-4 points at work sites, Environmental One day a week, once in the Agencies Environmental Noise quarry areas, borrow areas noise Leq morning and once in the afternoon, and hauling truck roads of and also irregular monitoring. each lot ditto Vibration ditto Vibration 100 m both upstream and pH, SS, DO, Once a week Surface Water downstream of the COD, BOD5, oil, _inglonghe Bridge Pb ES-31 Appendix 11 Environmental Monitoring Program for the Operation Period Environmental Element Monitoring Point Monitoring Item Monitoring Time & Frequency Implementor Supervisor Entries to the Road (Entry of Interchange) Gasoline vehicle: To carry out irregular and Henan Provincial Henan Provincial exhaust. CO & HC; random examination Communications High-grade Vehicle Exhaust & Noise Diesel vehicle: Environmental Highway smoke density and Monitoring Management traffic noise Center Authority, local Dongcun Primary School (k5 +950) NO., CO, CnHm, 3 times a ye-- each of which environraental Hebeicun Ik25+850) T.S.P. lasts 5 executive days, once protecton agencies Loupaicun Ik47 + 550) respectively at 07:00. 1 1:00, Zhuchengcun (k70 + 800) 15:00, 19:00 hours. Zhanggoucun (k56+9501 Air Shijicun (k83 +000) Yelucun (kl 16+200) Chengcun (Ik133 + 600) Yichang Service Zone (kl 5+300) Mianchi Service Zone lk69+976) Service Zone in East Sanmenxia (k106+580) ditto Environmental noise 4 times a year (once in each Environmental Noise L,q in day and night season) each of which lasts 1 hours days, once in day and once in night hours, also itregular monitoring. 100 m both upstream and downstream of pH, SS, DO, COD, 3 times a year, i.e. once in Surface Water the bridge across the Qinglonghe River BODs, oil, Pb each of dry, peak and average-flow seasons. ES-32 < Appendix 1 2 Key Elements of the EAP for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway (Henan 2 highway Project) Key Elements of the EAP for Luoyang-Sanmenxia Expressway [Henan 2 highway Project) Environmental Issue Action Taken/To Be Taken Responsibility Remarks A. Design Phase 1. Route Selection The alignment was selected from two alternatives with due consideration to minimize lani HPCRDI acquisition, impacts of air pollution and noiso on residential areas, and to avoid unfavorable geological conditions, coal mines and archaeological sites. 2. Social Disruption Adequate number of large, medium and small bridges and underpasses/overpasses were HPCRDI designed to meet the requirements for crossing of local people, animals and vehicles. 3. Soil Erosion Planting of trees and grass on median divider, sideslopes and along the roadside was HPCRDI included in the design where appropriate. Slope protection, such as grouted scabbling, concrete grids, etc., were incorporated in the design. Temporary and permanent drainage systems were designed to minimize soil erosion and alteration HPCRDI of hydrological regir,;es, Including Impacts on irrigation channels. 4. Earthworks Due consideration was given to properly allocate subgrade earthworks, in view of huge quantities HPCRDI of earthworks. Quarries and borrow sites were selected by taking Into account dust and other problems at environmentally sensitive locations such as residential areas. 5. Water Pollution Waste water treatment facilities as well as boilers equipped with precipitators were designed for HPCRDI service areas. 6. Noise Adequate measures such as noise barriers, brick walls and double windows were identified and HPCRDI integrated In the design and bid documents. 7. Flooding Bridges and culverts were adequately sized to meet requirements for safe discharge of design HPCRDI floods (300 years for large bridges, 1% flood probability for other bridges). 8. Cultural Relics Cultural relics survey was carried out and an archaeological salvation plan was developed. HPICRA/HPCRDI ES-33 Environmental Issue Action Taken/To Be Taken Responsibility Remarks 9. Afforestation Afforestation plan was developed to reduce air pollution problems and enhance better landscape HPCRDI 10. Landscape Afforestation plan paid due attention to aesthetic effect of medium dividers, slopes, etc. Bridge HPCRDI design also included consideration to aesthetic effect. B. Construction Phase 1. Protection of Land Forests will not be used as borrow sites. Reforestation will be undertaken for any previous Contractors Resources forests used for temporary purposes upon completion of construction activities. Afforestation will be carried out on previous wasteland used for borrow or spoil sites upon construction completion. Arable land will be avoided as material borrow sites wherever possible. If excavation has to be done In arable land, top soil layer will be saved and returned after construction work is completed, so as to minimize impacts on ecosystem and agriculture. Education of construction workers will be strengthened to protect natural resources, wild plants and animals. Poaching will be strictly prohibited. 2. Soil Erosion/Water Trees and grasses will be planted on side slopes and along the roadside, where appropriate. Contractors Pollution Appropriate measures, either rehabilitation or afforestation, will be taken, if the existing inrigation or drainage systems are damaged. All necessary measures will be taken to prevent earth & stones from silting up rivers, water channels, or existing irrigation and drainage systems. Construction camps will be located far away from Yanghe and Qinglonghe Rivers where are used as drinking water sources. Temporary channels or conduits will be constructed for irrigation and drainage during the construction of permanent drainage systems. All reasonable measures shall be taken to prevent direct discharge of polluted water from construction activities Into rivers and irrigation channels. 3. Construction Camp Septic tanks will be installed at the construction camp sites. Sludge is sewage treatment pits will Contractors be disposed of regularly. ES-34 Environmental Issu6 Action Taken/To Be Taken Resoonsibilitv Remarks Drinking water will meet the China national drinking water standards. Garbage will be collected In garbage cans at fixed locations and disposed of regularly. 4. DustlAir Pollution All reasonable steps, including watering, will be taken to minimize dust pollution during Contractors construction, particularly In places near towns. Stockpiles and storage areas will not be located within 100 m from residential areas on the lee side of the wind direction. Stockpiles and storage areas will be covered or watered to prevent dust pollution. Trucks to transport construction materials will be covered to minimize spi"!s. Asphalt mixing and lime-soil mixing will be carried out centrally to the extent possible. Asphalt mixing and lime-soil mixing sites will be located at least 200 m from residential areas on the lee side of the wind direction. Asphalt mixers will be equipped with adequate dust collectors. Necessary protection measures will be taken for asphalt plant operators to protect their health. 5. Transportation Hauling route of construction materials will be selected in a careful manner to minimize Contractors Management interference with existing communications, hauling distances and environmental issues such as dust and noisc. Adequate actions to direct traffic will be taken in consultation with communications and public security departments, to prevent or minimize traffic jams during the construction period. 6. Noise Noisy construction work will not be undertaken during the night time (22:00-6:00). Contractors Maintenance of machines and trucks will be improved to minimize noise. 7. Cultural Relics Excavation will be stopped immediately if any cultural relics are found, and the local cultural ContractorslHPICRA authority will be Informed of such discovery. Excavation will not be resumed until Identification of cultural relics by the authorized Institution of preservation is completed and necessary measures identified. 8. Transportation In order to guarantee safety, efficient lighting equipment and safety signs will be Installed on Contractors Safety temporary roads during the construction , and adequate traffic regulations will be adopted and implemented for temporary toads. ES-35 Environmental lssue Action Taken/To Be Taken Responsibiliy Remarks C. Operation Phase 1. Noise and Air Unnecessary horn will be strictly restricted at night. HPHHMA Pollution Noise barriers or other appropriate noise protection measures will be taken HPHHMA at locations where noise exceeds standard, based on the results of monitoring. 2. Vehicle Better vehicle maintenance/management will be enhanced to keep vehicles in good conditions. HPPSDiHPCD Vehicle noise and emissions inspection will be strengthened. If vehicle noise exceed the noise andlor emissions standards, the vehicle will not pass inspection on roads till the problem is rectified. Periodical and random exhaust gas emissions inspection will be undertaken at interchanges. Public awareness and education will be promoted to familiarize people with the problems of air HPEPBIHPCD pollution and noise from vehicles and with related regulations. 3. Hazardous Material Any vehicle tranrporting hazardous materials will be required to obtain permiscions from public HPPSD/HPCD/ Spills security, communications and fire departments. HPFD 4. Others Construction of permanent buildings including schools and hospitals will not be allowed within HPCD 200 m from the roadside. Tree emergency fire brigades will be constructed with ambulances and fire engines, and the staff HPHHMA will be provided with necessary training to cope with any abrupt event. In case of any explosion and fire, fire departments will be promptly informed and the relevant road section will be closed until appropriate measures are taken. ES-36 Appendix 13 Prediction of Traffic Noise Exceeding the Standard the Standard at Sensitive Sites along the Linking Roads unit: dBA) 2000 2010 2018 Linking Road Sensitive Site Chainage Day Peak Day Mean Night Mean Day Peak Day Mean JWUht Mean Day Peak Day Mean Night Mean Heishangou k2+250-k2+800 1.0 1 5.7 4.5 1.5 9.3 6.2 3.2 10.9 Xinan Getagou kO+300-ke+750 1.0 / 5.7 4.5 1.5 9.3 6.2 3.2 10.9 Baiqiang k9 + 300 1.0 I 5.7 4.5 1.5 9.3 6.2 3.2 10.9 Dongcun kl +200-kl+400 1.7 I 6.4 4.0 1.0 8.8 5.1 2.1 9.9 YIma Xiarugou k2+180-k2a+320 I I 3.3 1.7 1 8.7 2.9 _ 7.7 Getagou k2-+ 650-k2+800 I I_ 2.6 1 1 5.8 I I 7.0 Mianchi Maling kO+800-kl +700 0.5 I/ 10.3 3.3 0.3 13.0 4.5 1.5 14.3 ES-37 Appendix 14 Environmental Mitigation Measures In Design Stage of Linking Roads Environmental Issue Mitigation Measure Responsibility Social Disruption With low subgrade and unclosed roads, social The Designer disruption will be greatly mitigated. Soilworks 1. To get as much subgrade soil as possible from the land area acquired; 2. To properly arrange longitudinal allocation of subgrade soil works; 3. To consider use of solid industrial wastes for road fragments with oversized embankment works. Flooding 1. To provide ri-ers and streams with bridges and culverts; 2. To design bridges/culverts to withstand floods once in 100 years and to ensure adequate discharge capacity; 3. To recover damaged irrigation facilities, if any, upon road completion. Cultural Relics There is no cultural relics within the acquired land area as investigated by the local archaeological agencies in the design stage. Afforestation Improved afforestation design includes slope grassing and side ditch planting efforts as well as aesthetic effect. ES-38 Appendix 15 Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction Stage of the Linking Roads Environmental Issue Environmental Mitigation Measure Responsibility Protection of Land 1. To minimize use of land for temporary purposes: Contractor Resources 2. To properly arrange longitudinal allocation of subgrade soilworks; 3. To consider use of solid industrial wastes: 4. To borrow soil from highland in case of inadequate soil availability. Air Pollution 1. To mix lime and soil materials at roadside where it is farm from any village and to centrally mix such materials where it is relatively close to any village, but the mixing site shall be placed leeward of the village, with a distance more than 200 m in between; 2. To place central asphalt concrete mixing plant, if any, at leeward of any village, with a distance more than 200 m in between; 3. To equip asphalt concrete mixing plant with dust precipitators; 4. To water road fragments and hauling truck roads at least twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon (especially in summer); 5. To provide lime/soil and asphalt concrete mixing plant operators with necessary protection measures. Noise 1. To keep construction equipment and vehicles in good condition; 2. To equip high-noise equipment with sound-proof shields; 3. To suspend construction activities during night hours from 22:00 to 6:00. Cultural Relics 1. To suspend work for the purpose of protecting any discoveted cultural relics; 2. To report to archaeological departments; 3. To provide cooperation and assistance in archaeological salvation; 4. Excavation will not be resumed until identification of cultural relics by the authorized institution of preservation is completed and necessary measures identified. ES-39 Appendix 16 Environmental Mitigation Measures for the Operation Period of Linking Roads Environmental Issue Environmental Measure Responsibility 1. Use of horn will be strictly forbidden at night; Local traffic & 2. To raise the fences and provide double-windows for the first-row houses close to the highway management Noise/Air Pollution roadside within 200 m; authorities 3. To provide green belts for both sides of the road. 1. Better vehicle maintenance/management and training will be provided to minimize traffic accidents; Transportation 2. To provide necessary dividing devices such that motor cars, bicycles and passersby Management will be separated; 3. Public awareness and education will be promoted to familiarize the residents nearby with traffic regulations; 4. To provide various traffic marks. 1. Any vehicle transporting hazardous materials will be required to obtain permissions Transportation of from public security, communications and fire departments; Hazardous Material 2. Vehicles hauling coal shall be covered and any overloading shall be forbidden; 3. Any traffic accident or pollution shall be promptly reported to the local public security, fire and environmental protection agencies. ES-40 Appendix 17 Environmental Monitoring Program for Construction Stage Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Time Monitor Element Point Item & Frequency At asphalt concrete TSP, asphalt smoke, TSP & asphalt smoke; 4 County (city) mixing plant and times/year, executive 3 environmental residential site nearby, days each time; monitoring 2 points for each road. Dust: once a week. station Air At worksite & TSP, dust residential side, 2 points for each road. At worksite. Equivalent One day a week, once at Environmental residential site and environmental noise day and once at night time. Noise hauling road, 3 points level at day and and also irregular random for each road night hours inspetdion. Appendix 18 Environmental Monitoring Program for Operation Stage Environmental Linking Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Time Implementor Element Road Point Item & Frequency Xinan Heishangou, TSP, CO, NO. 4 times a year Oin Xinan Environmental Baiqiang January. April. July Monitoring Station & October); each Air Yima Rugeta lasts 3 days; 4 times Yima Environmental a day (at 7:00, Monitoring Station Mianchi Maling 11.00, 15:00 19:00) Mianchi Environmental Monitoring Station Xinan Heishangou, Equivalent 4 times a year (in Xinan Environmental Saiqiang environmental January, April, July Monitoring Station noise level at day & October); one day Environmental Yima Rugeta & night time each time; once in Yima Environmental Noise day & once in night; Monitoring Station n ad hoc monitoring Mianchi Mating will be undertaken as Mianchi Environmental _ _______ __________ =appropriate. Monitoring Station ES-41 Appendix 19 Key Elements of the EAP for Linking Roads Environmental Issue Action Taken/To Be Taken Responsibility A. Design Phase 1. Social Disruption Low subgrade was designed to minimize soil disruption. 2. Earthworks Every effort will be made to complete earthworks within the property line of the roads. 3. Drainage System Adequate number of bridges and culverts were designed. The design floods of these bridges and culverts will be once in 100 years such that the surface flow pattern, existing functions and discharge capacity of rivers and canals will not be adversely affected. 4. Cultural Relics Local archaeological agencies have explored the areas involved in these roads. It is proven that there is no cultural relics involved in construction of these roads. 5. Afforestation Afforestation plans were developed to reduce noise, air pollution problems and to enhance better landscape. B. Construction Phase 1. Protection of Land use for temporary purposes will be minimized. Soil works will be longitudinally allocated. Any unavailability of soil will be gained from waste highland. 2. Dust/Air Pollution Lime-soil mixing centrally or in-situ will be selected according tot he distance from Land Resources residential sites. Asphalt mixing plants will be located at least 200 m from residential areas on the lee side of the wind direction. Water spray will be undertaken as appropriate. Necessary protection measures will be taken for asphalt plant and lime-soil mixing operators. ES-42 ES-42 Environmental Issue Action TakenlTo Be Taken Responsibility 3. Noise Noisy construction works will not be undertaken during night time (22:00-6:00). 4. Cultural Relics Excavation will be suspended immediately if cultural relics are discovered. And the local cultural authority will be informed of such discovery. Excavation will not be resumed until identification of cultural relics by authorized institute of preservation is completed and necessary measures identified. C. Operation Phase 1. Noise/Air Pollution Unnecessary horn will be strictly restricted at night. Double-windows or other appropriate noise-prevention measures will be taken for the first row houses by the road side. 2. Transport Management Separating measures will be taken, as necessary, to take motorway apart from bicycle lane. Enhanced management and check will be exercised on vehicles and drivers to get ride of driving in drunkness among other defaults. 3. Hazardous Material Any vehicle transporting hazardous materials will be required to obtain permissions from Transportation public security, communications and fire departments. Coal transporting vehicles must be covered, overloading will be forbidden. ES-43