SFG2335 V4 REPUBLIC OF IRAQ MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION, HOUSING, MUNICIPALITIES AND PUBLIC WORKS ROADS AND BRIDGES DIRECTORATE Emergency Operation Development Projects (EODP) (P155732) SITE SPECIFIC Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Limited ESIA) For AL Sudour Bridge 25th October, 2016 Revision History Revision Description or Discipline Director Version Approval Date Reason for Change Review Review 00 12/06/2016 Initial release 01 28/08/2016 First revision Comments addressed partially 03 04/10/2016 Second revision Comments addressed Safeguards Advisor's 04 25/10/2016 Third revision comments addressed Prepared by: Hussain Ali Contributor: Linda Khalil - Slim ACRONYMS AIM Audit and Inspection Manager EHS Environmental Health and Safety EODP Emergency Operation for Development Project ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management plan GOI Government of Iraq GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IBA Important Bird Area IEODP Iraqi Emergency Operation Development Project L.S. Lump Sum MOCHPM Ministry of Construction, Housing, Municipalities and Public Works MOE Ministry of Environment MOH Ministry of Health MOST Ministry of Science and Technology MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets OP Operational Policy PAPs Project Affected Peoples PMT Project Management Team PPE Personal Protective Equipment RBD Road and Bridges Directorate RE Resident Engineer TOR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization Al Sudour - Limited ESIA i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION According to the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which was prepared for the Emergency Operation for Development Project (EODP) and disclosed locally in Iraq and on the World Bank’s InfoShop, a limited site specific Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared, cleared, publically consulted and disclosed prior to the commencement of any construction activities for the roads and bridges component. The Limited/Simplified ESIA study was carried out according to requirements of the current environmental regulations of the World Bank (WB) and Iraqi regulations. This ESIA was developed to cover the activities associated with the reconstruction, rehabilitation and operation of Al- Sudour Bridge that is located on the Road that connects Al Mansouriyah and Delli Abbas to Baqubah and Baghdad. It identifies key environmental and social impacts of the project activities during both the rehabilitation and the operational phases, and defines the necessary mitigation measures addressing potential negative impacts, as well as monitoring procedures during construction and operation. An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is prepared and embedded in this Limited ESIA which should be followed and implemented by all relevant parties. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Introduction The Project is located in Diyala Governorate. Diyala River runs through Eastern Iraq in Diyala Governorate and is a main tributary of the Tigris. In Al Sudour area, Diyala weir was constructed on Diyala River contributing to the storage of water in Al Sudour Lake. The road that connects Al Mansouriyah and Delli Abbas to Baqubah and Baghdad crosses Al Sudour lake through Al Sudour Bridge. Al Sudour Bridge is located at 34° 3'51.83"N, 44°58'52.87"E. By offering this connection, Al Sudour Bridge helps improving the exchanges and the development of the governorate. The traffic passing through Al Sudour Bridge counts 2,372,500 vehicles yearly, averaging 6,500 vehicles daily. Current Condition of the Bridge In August 2014, Al Sudour bridge was destroyed by terrorist attack and since then, it is not in use. As alternative route, the vehicles are using the service road of Al Sudour Dam which was not designed for heavy traffic. Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA i Purpose of the project The purpose of the Project is the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Al Sudour Bridge to facilitate travel and commerce and access to essential service including health care and education and to relief the service road on Al Sudour dam from traffic. The anticipated construction activities are expected to take about 6 months. Technical description of the Bridge: Following are the descriptions and the technical specifications of Al Sudour Bridge: • The bridge was built in 2012. • It has a total length of 336 m, made of 14 spans, 24 m each. • The spacing between the girders (pre-cast pre-stressed) is 1.35m c/c. • The depth of cast in place deck is 0.20m. • The actual length of the girders is 23.90m. • The width of the bridge is 12.00 m (9m carriage way and 1.50 m side walk from each side). • The superstructure consists of concrete girders 24 m long and 1.20 m mean height. There are two major service lines that cross the bridge and that need to be repaired in coordination with the relevant authorities namely: • Potable water pipes • Electric cables. Construction Activities The reconstruction works for Al- Sudour Bridge include • Removal and demolishment of damaged spans (first and second). The two spans are simply supported and have 2 expansions joints (one above abutment 1 and the other on pier 2) and hinge slab above pier 1. It includes the removal of 576m² deck,18 damaged girders, 36 failure rubber pads, asphalt…etc.), • Treatment of cracks and side face of abutment and pier 1 • Installation new rubber pads (36 rubbers), • Installation pre –cast pre-stressed girders (18 girders), • Casting the deck slab (0.20m depth), • Surfacing lighting and setting the expansion joint. Construction equipment The construction equipment that will be used are mainly: 30 ton- crane, compressor, jack – hammer, shovel, typical lorry with tipping, skipping, body to load of transport the demolished material, truck mixer, asphalt grinder, bitumen tanker, asphalt finisher, compactor, welding machine, diesel generator, grader, pickups and sedan cars, air shot, bell and bugger. The construction site will include offices and accommodation for the workers that will be equipped with air conditioning and toilet. Potable water tanks will be provided and septic tanks will be constructed for disposal of human sewage. All these facilities will be installed in state-owned land available around the bridge. Therefore, there will be no need for land acquisition. It is foreseen that Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA ii most of the workers will be from the region, consequently the need for accommodation may not exist or will be very limited as most of the workers will reside at their homes. BASELINE CONDITIONS The Project Area Diyala city and its suburban area have a long historic background of several years as part of the Mesopotamic civilization. The main economic activity in the area is agriculture. Although there are few houses and some farms surrounding the project, Al Sudour bridge is located in an open agricultural area, with palms and citrus as main culture. Environmental and Social Baseline conditions The environmental baseline section is presented to give clear overview of the environmental and social conditions in the vicinity of the project location prior to commencement of works. • Climate Diyala governorate is located in the northern mid-East part of Iraq. Its climate is desert. The major rain falls from November thru February and totalizes yearly 203 mm on average. Highest temperatures occur in July and August and reach over 41 degrees centigrade. Monthly wind velocity records in recent years show an average of 1.8 m/s. • Air Quality There are no monitoring stations close to the site. The area is open, therefore, concentrations of pollutants are not expected because of the good ventilation and potential dispersion of air pollutants. • Site Topography The bridge is located in a rural agricultural area and has some mountains, cliffs, and alleys. • Land use The area in the direct proximity of the bridge is populated with scattered houses at a distance of approximately 200 m from the bridge, while a bit farther, agricultural lands prevail. • Seismic Activities The territory of Iraq, especially the East of Iraq, although not directly located on a dense cluster of recent earthquake epicenters; is subject to seismic activities. These were recorded in the past as a result of movement of some tectonic plates in neighboring country, Iran. However, there was no significant impact on human nor on infrastructures. • Floods Water flowing in Diyala River is regulated upstream by Hamreen Dam which was constructed between 1966 and 1969. The main purpose of the dam is to divert outflow of the Hamreen Dam (11 km upstream) on the Diyala River to the Khalis and Sadr Al-Mushtarak canals for irrigation. Furthermore, Diyala Weir controls Diyala River in Al Sudour Lake through 2 spillways. There isn’t any recent flood hazard that occurred in the area and rehabilitation of the bridge has no impact on how the dam and spillways are regulated. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA iii • Traffic As parts of the bridge are completely destroyed, currently, the vehicles are using the road that is located on the top of Al Sudour Dam. The road above the dam is designed to service the dam only and not heavy load traffic. The daily traffic accounts for around 6,500 vehicles or 2,372,500 vehicles yearly. Around 50% of the vehicles are trucks and 48% are buses. • Noise Except for the existing normal traffic, no other source of significant noise generation was identified in the area. The nearest sensitive receptors are the workers and contractor staff and the inhabitants. The nearest residential unit is at 200 m from the bridge. • Heritage Environment Further to site survey and consultation with the relevant authorities, there are no sites of historical or cultural importance in the area of the bridge and its surroundings. No cemeteries, historical- cultural monuments, churches, mosques that exist in the area need to be removed in order to rehabilitate the bridge. • Flora & Fauna No rare or endangered species were identified within or nearby the project site. Referring to Bird Life International, the area of the project is not considered as an Important Bird Area (IBA). 1 There are some agricultural crops, fruit trees and farmland animals in the vicinity of the Bridge. • Land Acquisition As the works consist of the repair and rehabilitation of an existing bridge, there will be no need to purchase additional land. Furthermore, there are no livelihoods in the project vicinity that are likely to be adversely affected by the project, hence neither involuntary nor voluntarily relocation of people is necessary or expected. • Social Aspects There are no villages, residential complexes, roadside vendors or community structures in close proximity to the bridge. The bridge is being constructed on state land, and no land or property expropriation is necessary. No agriculture activities of any kind were initiated in the project area, and no buildings, shops, houses etc. were constructed within the project area. There aren’t any licensed or unlicensed roadside vendors that will be displaced There is no interference registered from the local community which is eager for the works to be completed. It is also important to mention that most of the workers are from the local area and therefore, there is no need to have a big camp close to the project area and no influx of workers to the project area is expected which could result in adverse impact. OP 4.12 does not apply because the repair and rehabilitation activities of Al Sudour Bridge will not entail permanent nor temporary land acquisition and no impact is expected on the livelihood of the local people. 1 http://www.birdlife.org/datazone Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA iv LEGAL REQUIREMENTS In addition to the Iraqi laws and regulations the limited ESIA follows the procedures of the WB, in particular OP/BP 4.01 - covering the environmental assessment procedure, OP/BP4.12 describing the involuntary resettlement, the Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM), and the WB Group Environmental Health and Safety (EHS). IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Rehabilitation Phase The environmental and social impacts that are likely to result from the construction and rehabilitation of Al Sudour Bridge, are summarized in the following table. Table E1: Summary of Impact Assessment Matrix – During Construction / Rehabilitation No. Environmental Receptor Impact Significance 1 Air Quality Low 2 Noise Medium 3 Water Resources Medium 4 Soil Low 5 Solid and hazardous wastes Low 6 Flora & Fauna Low 7 Topography and landforms Insignificant 8 Local traffic Low 9 Health and Safety Low 10 Socio-Economic impacts Low 11 Land Acquisition Insignificant Operational Phase No significant negative environmental or social impacts are anticipated during the operation phase. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Mitigation measures, responsibilities and estimated associated costs The Resident Engineer (RE) will be assisted by a team of environmental and social officers who will be responsible for supervising the daily activities of the contractor and will report non-compliances to the RE in order to take necessary actions towards the contractor. Regular supervision site visits will also be conducted by the Road and Bridges Directorate Project Management Team (RBD PMT), in particular the environmental/social officer in association with a qualified environmental and social consultant who will provide technical advice in case there is a need to modify or add new mitigation measures as work necessitates. The following tables summarize the mitigation measures which are required to be undertaken to avoid any negative impacts on the environment. Responsibilities and estimated costs are also presented. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA v Table E2: Mitigation Measures for Al Sudour Bridge during Construction / Rehabilitation Phase Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Open materials storage piles should be watered to increase of the moisture level thus reducing dust levels. - Inactive piles should be placed in enclosure or covered to reduce wind erosion. - Loads in all trucks transporting dust-generating materials have to be sprayed with water to suppress dust, as Resident Contractor 3,000 well as wheels of vehicles moving inside and outside of the construction-site. engineer - Signs and speed reduction bumps should be installed for vehicles approaching the site and near residential buildings and farmlands to reduce their speed below 40 km/hr. On site, speed should not exceed 20 km/hr. Air - Engines of vehicles and other machinery shall be kept turned on only if necessary, avoiding any 1 quality unnecessary emission. - Machines and equipment should be periodically checked and maintained to ensure their good working condition. Resident Included in Contractor - All equipment and machines must be maintained and tested for compliance with standards and technical engineer contractor cost regulations for the protection of the environment and have appropriate certifications. - Activities should be carried out using the minimum required number of means at the same time. - Electric small-scale machines and technical tools shall be used when available and feasible. - Construction activities are to take place within reasonable hours during the day. - Equipment must be kept in good working order and where appropriate fitted with silencers which are kept in good working order. Contractor Resident Included in - Equipment must be run only when necessary. engineer contractor cost 2 Noise - The noise sources should be placed in a concealed area with respect to acoustic receptors, consistent with the needs of the construction site. - Personal protection equipment for workers should be used of especially those who use jack hammers or Contractor Resident 2,000 work near noisy engines or compressors. engineer - Damaged sections of the bridge should be carefully removed without polluting the lake water. - In case of using septic tanks on site, the engineering drawings of these tanks should be presented to the Resident Engineer for approval. - No solid wastes are to be thrown into the lake. Water Contractor Resident Included in 3 - Paints or chemicals should be used away from the lake. However, if non-avoidable, excessive precautions resources engineer contractor cost should be undertaken to avoid spillages into the lake water. - Material storage areas should be well isolated from storm water to prevent the contamination of the runoff - Construction vehicles and machinery shall be washed only in designated areas where runoff will not pollute natural water bodies Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA vi Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Water sprayed to control dust generation should not be allowed to return to the water course and the lake - Wastewater from the worker rest areas or construction offices should be contained in septic tank and should Contractor Resident be removed regularly from site by means of authorized contractors and disposed in approved Wastewater 8,000 engineer Treatment Plant (WWTP) . - In case of the need to change engine oils or refuel some construction equipment, a proper maintenance Contractor Resident 3,000 workshop or shelter should be installed to ensure containment of any fuel or oil spills. engineer - Contractor to present accidents and spill response and cleanup plan to the resident Engineer for approval prior to construction works activities. - Soil contamination by oil/grease spills, leakages or releases, all manipulations of oil derivatives in the process of construction are to be prevented. - Provision of the fuel to the machines should be performed with maximum care. - Leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the Contractor Resident Included in oil/grease handling area shall be drained through drains and treated appropriately before disposal. engineer contractor cost - Construction waste and debris shall be collected on a regular basis and disposed of at designated landfills 4 Soil which is about 30Km to the north of the project area. - Only authorized quarries shall be used for purchasing soil to be used for embankment, padding, bedding, backfilling during construction. - Operation of equipment and vehicles outside the designated work areas and roads must be prohibited. - If trees are to be removed, replant native trees - No hazardous waste storage shall take place directly on soils. Appropriate and enclosed containers should Contractor Resident be utilized and disposed of in designated locations in cooperation with MOST who in charge for hazard 1,000 engineer waste disposal. Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA vii Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - On site waste generation shall be minimized. - Simple waste management plan for specific waste streams must be developed. - General waste must be collected and transported to local council approved disposal sites. - Food wastes must be collected, where practicable, considering health and hygiene issues, for disposal off- site through licensed contractors. - Waste containers must be located at each worksite. - Chemical wastes must be collected in 200 liter drums (or similar sealed container), appropriately labeled, for safe transport to an approved chemical waste depot or collection by a liquid waste treatment service. RE in - Storage, transport and handling of all chemicals must be conducted in accordance with all legislative coordination requirements, through licensed contractors and in coordination with the local authority. Solid and with the local - All hazardous wastes must be appropriately stored in bounded areas and should be clearly identified as Contractor 5 hazardous authority and 6,000 “hazardous”. wastes MOST regarding - Transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes should be done through licensed contractors and in close hazardous coordination with the relevant local authority and in compliance with the legal requirements and wastes instructions of the coordination with the as ministry of science and technology. - Hazardous liquids, such as solvents, rust proofing agents and primer must be managed in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation and industry standards. - A hazardous materials inventory for the construction period must be prepared. - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for hazardous materials must be available on-site during construction and made available and explained to workers. - Hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, must be collected for safe transport off-site for reuse, recycling, transport or disposal at approved locations. - Construction vehicles and machinery will be maintained in accordance with industry standard to minimize unnecessary noise generation. - Traffic signs will be installed on all roads throughout construction areas depicting speed limits. Flora & - For construction areas requiring night-time lighting, lights will be used only where necessary and will be Resident Included in 6 Contractor Fauna directed toward the subject area and away from habitat areas where possible. Engineer contractor cost - All existing large trees, if any, that are close to or affected by the construction must be retained or replanted with native trees. - Fishing and using of illegal fishing gear anywhere close to the bridge should be prohibited. Topography 7 Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable & landforms Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA viii Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Provide information, to the bridge users to use the alternative route through appropriate signage. Contractor in - Upgrade the alternative route to be able to receive the additional number of vehicles. coordination with - Clear traffic signs and signs signals must be installed on-site to provide for safe traffic movement. Resident 8 Traffic the 500 - Where practicable, truck deliveries must be restricted to daytime working hours. Engineer Local Traffic - Dangerous goods must be transported along routes preferred for dangerous goods. Department - Clear traffic signs and signs signals must be installed on-site to provide for safe traffic. Local traffic - The speed of the construction vehicles should be limited. Contractor department & 1,000 - Road signage for drivers and local community should be provided. RE - Qualified personnel must be employed for the construction equipment, and personnel must be trained for health and safety issues. Contractor Resident - Personal protection equipment such as eyeglasses, gloves, hard heads and safety belts, slip- resistant safety 3,000 engineer footwear and floating jackets if the risk of drowning exist, must be supplied and continuously used by all workers, technicians, engineers and site visitors. - The contractor should comply with international standards for good construction practices; - The contractor should adhere to local and international guidance and codes of practice on EHS management during construction; especially as concerns management, supervision, monitoring and record-keeping; Health & - EHS procedures should be part of the conditions of contract with contractors and their sub-contractors; 9 Safety - There should be a clear definition of the EHS roles and responsibilities of the companies involved in construction and of individual staff (including the EHS supervisors during construction and an EHS coordinator during operation); - There should be a pre-construction assessment of the EHS risks and hazards associated with construction Contractor Resident Included in and operation, including consideration of local cultural attitudes, education level of workforce and local engineer contractor cost work practices; - There should be a regular inspection, review and recording of EHS performance; - Present detailed H&S Manual to be implemented - Implement H&S measures as detailed in Chapter 5 in the ESIA. - Staff working at the sides of the bridges shall put on a safety harness and connect it, via an energy-absorbing lanyard, to a suitable anchor point. - A high standard of housekeeping shall be maintained at all times. Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA ix Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Any accidents shall be reported and treated within site as a first aid procedure. Resident - Appropriate training on EHS issues for all construction and operation workers, including initial induction engineer in and regular refresher training, taking into account local cultural issues should be provided Contractor coordination 2,500 - Fuel and oil changing shelters should be equipped with necessary firefighting and safety equipment with health and - First aid items should be available all times onsite and trained staff on emergency aids should be identified. safety officials. Handling - A complaints register will be kept on site and this will feed into the GRM. Details of complaints received Included in 10 Resident Engineer RBD/PMT Complaints will be incorporated into the audits as part of the monitoring process. contractor cost Total Cost (Rehabilitation phase) 30,000 Table E3: Mitigation Measures for Al Sudour Bridge during Operation Phase Total estimated Receptor Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase Responsibility Supervision Cost in US$ 1 Air quality - During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities to ensure that all Traffic Department Traffic Department No direct cost vehicle engines are in good conditions. - During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities should ensure that all 2 Noise vehicle engines are in good conditions. Traffic Traffic No direct cost - Speed limits should be reduced especially near residential buildings. Department Department - Limit trucks movement especially at night in coordination with the local traffic authorities. 3 Water Resources Traffic Traffic - Ensure that any clogged drains are regularly cleaned especially before and during the rainy season No direct cost Department Department 4 Soil - Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Solid and - During the operational period, some littering and waste generation resulting from the repair Within 5 Local Authority Local Authority hazardous wastes activities will occur. Littering may occur due to wind action. municipal (Municipality) (Municipality) budget Traffic Traffic - Speed limits and road signs should be in place to prevent or minimize the road accidents. No direct cost 6 Traffic Department Department - The bridge must be provided with suitable post lighting at night to reduce the probability of road Within RBD RBD RBD accidents. budget Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA x Total estimated Receptor Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase Responsibility Supervision Cost in US$ 7 Flora & Fauna - Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Topography and 8 landforms - Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA xi ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN In order to ensure full compliance of the performed activities to the environmental and social requirements, regular monitoring should be performed. For this purpose, an environmental and social monitoring program has been established for the construction phase as shown in the following Table E4. ESMP Institutional Arrangements In order to ensure full compliance with the environmental and social requirements which are described above, RBD PMT nominated a qualified engineer to act as the focal point for environmental and social affairs at the central level. On the field level, RBD PMT nominated engineers to act as environmental and social officers. Those engineers will be trained on monitoring and reporting of environmental and social impacts and how to fill the checklist to be used during field visits before implementation starts. RBD Resident Engineer will be the officially responsible staff member for ensuring environmental and social compliance. S/He will be assisted by the designated environmental and social field officers. In addition, a qualified consultant is recruited by the PMT to provide technical assistance and capacity building to the environmental and social team both at the central level and at the field level. Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 12 Table E4: Monitoring Activities for Al- Sudour Bridge Rehabilitation Phase. Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ - Open material storage piles are to be inspected - Visual inspection - Daily - Inspection of vehicles and equipment operating or entering the site - Visual inspection - Daily - Investigate dust complaints from workers and residents - Recorded and - Daily documented complaints - Signs and speed reduction bumps installed near the - Visual inspection - Weekly 1 Air quality site and near residential buildings and farmlands Engineer PMT 12,000 - Engines of vehicles and other machinery - Recoded status of - Monthly periodically checked and maintained equipment and vehicles measurements on site (excessive black or white smoke) - Measurements of exhaust emissions (CO, SOx, - Recoded status of - Monthly NOx, PM10, PM2.5) equipment and vehicles measurements on site - Investigate noise complaints from workers and - Recorded and - Weekly inspection neighboring communities in the affected locations documented complaints of complaints - Silencers checked and placement of noise sourced - Visual inspection - Weekly in concealed area - Use of personal protection equipment effective - - Visual inspection - Daily Noise 2 - Measure ambient noise near sensitive receptors Engineer PMT 6,000 (dBA) - - Noise Measurements - Monthly noise results included in site measurement investigation report Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 13 Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ - Investigate implementation of mitigation measures - Daily - Damaged immersed sections removed with care Investigation - Investigate wastewater disposal measures - During execution - Perform water quality test on water samples taken of this task from the water course beneath the bridge (pH, - -Weekly 3 Water TDS, TSS, BOD, COD) Site Investigation report - -Before Engineer PMT 12,000 resources - Install litter bins and make sure no wastes are commencement of thrown in the lake works and - Installation of a proper maintenance shelter for Monthly paints and chemicals and observe any oil or fuel - -Weekly spills. - Daily - Monitor the filling up machine with oil - During execution of this task - Monitor the oil/grease containers and hazardous - Weekly waste location and disposal - Daily - Monitor the disposal of waste and debris - During execution - Assure the origin of purchased soil is from an of this task 4 Soil authorized quarry Site Investigation report - Daily Engineer PMT No cost - Forbid the operation of machinery outside the - Daily designated area - Observe any soil contamination with oil or fuel - Daily - Observe any accumulation of wastes - Daily - Monitor the re-planting of any removed tree - Maintain records on waste types and quantities - Waste management - Weekly contracts with authorized Solid and - Observe any waste accumulation in un approved contractors 5 hazardous locations - Waste delivery receipts - Weekly Engineer PMT No cost wastes from local authorities. - Check that MSDS for hazardous materials is - Site Investigation report available on-site and explained to workers. - Weekly Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA 14 Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ -Record any observation about wild animals or plants on site or nearby and report to the Environmental Authority 6 Flora & Fauna Observation report Upon occurrence Engineer PMT No cost - Monitor All existing large trees, that are close to or affected by the construction - Monitor Fishing close to the bridge - No monitoring required Not Topography Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 7 applicable and landforms - Ensure speed limits and warning signs are installed - Weekly and in place 8 Traffic Road signs are installed. Engineer PMT No cost - Ensure dangerous goods are transported along - Upon occurrence selected routes - Speed limit and directional signs installed - Personnel trained for health and safety issues - Ensure compliance of workers to Health and Safety requirements and responsibilities assigned - EHS performance; regularly inspected, reviewed Health and 9 and recorded Accidents report Weekly Engineer PMT No cost safety - Monitor the good housekeeping - Maintain log on accidents - Firefighting and safety equipment regularly checked - First aid kit items regularly checked - Ensure that the GRM is effective and well Number of complaints Handling communicated received, analyzed and 10 Weekly Engineer PMT No cost Complaints responded to. Total cost (Operation phase) 30,000 Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA 15 An institutional framework and strategy for the involved official institutions were suggested in order to strengthen the capacity buildings in the field of the environmental monitoring and reporting procedures and methodologies. The suggested capacity development requirement is a consolidated training for all RBD/PMT environmental/social field supervisors to save on the training costs. Table E5: Capacity development requirement for RBD Capacity development topic Provider(s) Duration Estimated Cost (US$) Environmental and social Impact Assessment 1 Consultant 3 Days 3,000 Environmental and social Management in Construction Sites Iraqi Environmental Legal Requirements Ministry of 2 1 Day 2,000 Environment World Bank Environmental and Social 10,000 Safeguards (international travel and 3 The World Bank 2 Days accommodation cost for RBD trainees) Total Estimated Cost $15,000 PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS Objectives of the Consultations WB policies require that broad and open public consultations be held with the project affected peoples (PAPs) on the project. These consultations are to ensure that PAPs are provided with the opportunity to engage in the rehabilitation planning process, to raise questions and receive input and responses to their concerns. However, due to the current security situation in the project area and taking into utmost consideration the safety of the people as public meetings may be targeted by terrorist, the public meeting approach was not achievable. Consultation Process In order to fulfil the WB requirements, a one on one interview was adopted to obtain sound information on the possible impacts on the local communities. Accordingly, a questionnaire was prepared in order to cover the key environmental and social aspects related to the project. The questionnaire was then addressed to vehicle-road users and to the local individuals in the surrounding community randomly to have their opinions and thoughts regarding the rehabilitation activities. Questionnaire with women was also conducted to take their opinions freely. In addition, the draft ESIA and its translated executive summary were published on the RBD’s website to allow for feedback and wider dissemination of information related to the planned activities under this project. A translated summary of the ESIA will be disclosed at the project site for feedback and comments if any. Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 16 Findings of the Consultations It can be concluded from the interviews that the rehabilitation activities will have a strong positive impact from the social perspectives on the locals and a positive impact on their social daily life. None of the people recorded any reservation regarding the ownership of the land where the bridge is located. All the comments mentioned that the reconstruction of the bridge will enhance the social relationship among the locals, improving their transport. Finally, most people agreed that the bridge will need some additional safety signs and instructions in order to keep the movement on the bridge within safe conditions. Please refer to Annex (3) for more details. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) Objectives of the GRM Bank procedures require that GRMs be established and operational prior to commencement of the project, and that they continue to operate for one year following completion of the works for third party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement. This GRM should take into account the availability of judicial recourse as well as traditional and community dispute resolution mechanisms. Accordingly, a hard copy of the translated application of the GRM was provided to interviewed people and informed them that the same application will be posted at the project site to ensure any grievance can be addressed in an amicable manner. Resolving complaints at community level is always encouraged to address the problem that a person may have during implementation and/or operational phase. Please refer to Annex (1) for more details. In any case, the PMT must maintain records of grievances and complaints, including minutes of discussions, recommendations and resolutions made. Distribution of GRM Forms During individual interviews, information about a grievance mechanism was introduced to interviewed individuals and a translated GRM form was also provided. All interviewed people were informed that they can submit their complaint to either site engineer, or to community leader or to PMT during construction. The community leaders’ information (mobile phone number) and PMT contact information (office and mobile phone numbers) will be available before implementation starts. There will be signs posted at the entrance of the bridges (Refer to Annex 1 for more details). 9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The EIA concludes that the proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of Al Sudour Bridge will have an overall significant positive impact on the affected population. The implementation and the monitoring of the recommended mitigation measures especially during the construction phase will ensure that potential negative environmental impacts are addressed. Al Sudour Bridge- Limited ESIA 17 CONTENTS ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ i CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... xviii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 22 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Location of the Bridge..................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Current Condition of the Bridge ...................................................................................... 6 2.2 Technical Description of the Bridge: ................................................................................. 7 2.4 Construction Activities .................................................................................................... 7 2.5 Construction Equipment .................................................................................................. 7 2.6 Construction Site Facilities .............................................................................................. 8 3. BASELINE CONDITIONS .................................................................................................. 9 3.1 The Project Area............................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Environmental and Social Baseline conditions ................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Climate ................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 10 3.2.3 Site Topography ..................................................................................................... 10 3.2.4 Land use................................................................................................................ 10 3.2.5 Seismic Activities ................................................................................................... 10 3.2.6 Floods ................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.7 Traffic Level .......................................................................................................... 11 3.2.8 Noise .................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.9 Heritage Environment ............................................................................................. 12 3.2.10 Flora & Fauna ...................................................................................................... 12 3.2.11 Land Acquisition .................................................................................................. 12 3.2.12 Social Aspects ...................................................................................................... 12 4. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Iraqi environmental legislations ...................................................................................... 13 4.2 The World Bank Safeguards Policies .............................................................................. 14 4.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 - Environmental assessment procedure .................................................... 14 4.2.2 OP/BP4.12 - Involuntary resettlement ....................................................................... 14 Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 18 4.3 World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety....................................................... 15 4.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................................................... 15 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................. 16 5.1 Construction/Rehabilitation Phase .................................................................................. 16 5.1.1 Impacts on Air Quality ............................................................................................ 16 5.1.2 Noise impacts ........................................................................................................ 17 5.1.3 Impacts on water resources ...................................................................................... 18 5.1.4 Impacts on soil ....................................................................................................... 20 5.1.5 Solid and hazardous wastes...................................................................................... 21 5.1.6 Flora & Fauna ........................................................................................................ 22 5.1.7 Topography and landforms ...................................................................................... 22 5.1.8 Local Traffic .......................................................................................................... 22 5.1.9 Health and Safety ................................................................................................... 23 5.1.10 Socio – Economic Impacts ..................................................................................... 28 5.1.11 Land Acquisition .................................................................................................. 28 5.1.12 Summary of Impacts ............................................................................................. 28 5.2 Operational Phase ......................................................................................................... 28 5.2.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 28 5.2.2 Noise .................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.3 Water resources ...................................................................................................... 29 5.2.4 Soil ....................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.5 Solid and hazardous wastes...................................................................................... 29 5.2.6 Flora & Fauna ........................................................................................................ 29 5.2.7 Topography and landforms ...................................................................................... 30 5.2.8 Impacts on local traffic ............................................................................................ 30 5.2.9 Health and Safety ................................................................................................... 30 5.2.10 Socio-Economic impacts ....................................................................................... 30 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................... 31 6.1 Responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures ............................................... 31 6.2 Cost of mitigation measures ........................................................................................... 31 6.3 ESMP ......................................................................................................................... 31 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN.................................................. 38 7.1 Environmental and Social Monitoring ............................................................................. 38 7.2 ESMP Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................... 42 Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA xix 7.3 Reporting requirements ................................................................................................. 42 7.4 Capacity Development and Resources Requirements ........................................................ 42 7.4.1 Capacity Development ............................................................................................ 42 7.4.2 Required Resources ................................................................................................ 43 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS ............................................................................... 44 8.1 Objectives of the Consultations ...................................................................................... 44 8.2 Consultation Process ..................................................................................................... 44 8.3 Findings of the Consultations ......................................................................................... 44 8.4 Distribution of the GRM Forms ...................................................................................... 45 9 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................................. 46 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 46 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................... 47 Annex (1): Grievance Form................................................................................................. 47 Annex (2): Site photos ........................................................................................................ 48 Annex (3): Individual Interviews ......................................................................................... 51 Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA xx List of Figures Figure 1: Schematic presentation of the Diyala /Tigris river system ...................................................... 3 Figure 2: General location of Al Sudour Bridge (Google Earth) ........................................................... 5 Figure 3: Al Sudour bridge and surrounding land use (Google Earth) ................................................... 6 Figure 4: Damages on Al Sudour bridge ................................................................................................ 6 Figure 5: Spillways controlling water level in Al Sudour Lake............................................................ 11 Figure 6: Damages of Al Sudour bridge after the attack ...................................................................... 48 Figure 7: View on Al Sudour bridge taken from Al Sudour Dam Road............................................... 49 Figure 8: Damaged span in the Bridge.................................................................................................. 50 Figure 9: Mr Abdulsalam Mohamad signing the individual consultation document ............................ 53 Figure 10: Mrs Atiaf Ibrahim Jiyad signing the individual consultation document ............................. 56 Figure 11: Mrs Jasem, Badih, Nouri and Mohamad during the consultation ....................................... 65 Figure 12: Mrs Fatima Matab signing the individual consultation document ...................................... 68 Figure 13: Mr. Imad Hosein signing the individual consultation document......................................... 71 Figure 14: Mrs Khawla Jasem signing the individual consultation document ..................................... 75 Figure 15: Mr Mohamad Salman signing the individual consultation document ................................. 78 Figure 16: Mr Salman Adel signing the individual consultation document ......................................... 81 Figure 17: Mrs Souhaila Lteif signing the individual consultation document ...................................... 84 Figure 18: Mrs Zeinab Khamis, Fatima Hosein and Nour Khamis during the consultation................. 89 List of Tables Table 1: Equipment expected to be used in the rehabilitation/Construction........................................... 8 Table 2: Monthly Mean Temperature in Diyala ..................................................................................... 9 Table 3: Monthly Mean Wind Speed in Diyala .................................................................................... 10 Table 4: Maximum permissible concentrations for SO 2 , NO 2 and CO ................................................ 10 Table 6: Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations in Iraq ...................................................... 13 Table 7: Expected Noise levels of machinery to be used in Al-Haronyah Project ............................... 17 Table 8: Summary of Impacts during Construction / Rehabilitation .................................................... 28 Table 9: Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase. ................................................................. 32 Table 10: Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase....................................................................... 36 Table 11: Monitoring Activities during Rehabilitation Phase. ............................................................. 39 Table 12: Capacity Development Requirements for RBD .................................................................... 43 Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA xxi 1. INTRODUCTION According to the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which was prepared for the Emergency Operation for Development Project (EODP) and disclosed locally in Iraq and on the World Bank’s InfoShop, a limited site specific and simplified Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) should be prepared, cleared and publically consulted upon prior to the commencement of any construction activities for bridges crossing surface waters such as rivers and lakes as part of the roads and bridges component The concept of the ESIA is to propose measures to protect the environmental, social and socio- economic situation of the communities that may be adversely affected by the development of the project, and to assist the competent authorities in taking decisions regarding the approval conditions for the project. This ESIA was developed to cover the activities associated with the rehabilitation and operation of Al-Sudour Bridge which is located on the road that connects Al Mansouriyah and Delli Abbas to Baqubah and Baghdad. It identifies key environmental and social impacts of the project activities during both the rehabilitation and the operational phases, and defines the necessary mitigation measures addressing potential negative impacts, as well as monitoring procedures during construction and operation. An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is prepared and embedded in this Limited ESIA which should be followed and implemented by all relevant parties. The objectives of this site-specific ESIA are to provide: • Practical and achievable actions to ensure that the project’s adverse environmental and social impacts are properly mitigated. • An integrated plan for monitoring, assessing and controlling potential impacts. • Support to Local and State authorities to enable setting approval conditions for the project based on relevant standards and procedures. • Focus on positive aspects and benefits, mitigate negative impacts and avoid serious and irreversible damage to the environment and people. • An opportunity for holding consultation with the communities to get their input on the project activities. • Information to the local community about the revised project activities and the environmental measures, socio-economic measures, information on residents’ rights who might be negatively affected by some project activities and bridge operations. • Information to the local community of the existence of a Grievance Redresses Mechanism (GRM) system through which they might lodge complaints and expect prompt and fair consideration. The ESIA includes project description, mitigation measures, monitoring plan, management plans schedule, institutional arrangements, and public consultation. The ESIA will aim at achieving good environmental and social performance during construction and maintenance. To meet this goal, the following activities, measures and programs must be followed: • Environmental regulations • Application of all environmental and social mitigation and management measures Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA xxii • Environmental and social monitoring plan • Emergency and contingency plan • Institutional plan • Environmental and safety measures • Effective and open consultations with local communities Environmental and social monitoring is an important component of the ESIA. It provides the information for periodic review and refinement modification of the ESIA as necessary, ensuring that environmental and social protection is optimized in all project phases through monitoring and early detection and effective remediation of unwanted environmental and social impacts. Lastly, it will also demonstrate compliance with national and international regulatory requirements. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 2 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Location of the Bridge The Project is located in Diyala Governorate. Diyala River runs through Eastern Iraq in Diyala Governorate and is a main tributary of the Tigris. The schematic presentation of the Diyala /Tigris river system is provided in the following figure. The Diyala basin is 31,846 km2. The mean daily flow of this tributary is 182 m3 /s. 2 Ref.: UN-ESCWA and BGR (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe). 2013. Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia. Beirut. with reference to Ministry of Environment in Iraq et al., 2006, pp. 33-34. Figure 1: Schematic presentation of the Diyala /Tigris river system Water flowing in Diyala River at Al Sudour area is regulated upstream by Hamreen Dam. The irrigation Department built Diyala weir and canal regulators in Al Sudour to further control Diyala water3. These were constructed 10 km dowstream of the Hemreen Dam at about 130 km from the confluence of the Diyala River with the Tigris. Consequently, the rehabilitation of the bridge has no impact on how the dam and spillways are regulated 2 Nadhir A. Al-Ansari, Management of Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognoses, Engineering, 2013, 5, 667-684 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.58080 Published Online August 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) 3 Naval Intelligence Division, Iraq and the Persian Gulf, 2005 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 3 The main purpose of Diyala weir is to divert the outflow of the Hemrin Dam on the Diyala River to the Khalis and Sadr al Mushtarak canals for irrigation. 4 The weir and its associated extensive irrigation scheme, were designed in the 1960s and constructed between 1966 and 1969. 5 The following data presents the technical specitfications of Diyala weir: • Weir crest elevation equals 66.5 m. • Bed level (B.L), at upstream, equals 61.5 m. • Weir foundation elevation, at downstream, equals 61.5 m. • Total length of a weir foundation with the downstream floor equals 24.5 m. • Maximum water level at upstream (M.W.L) equals 68m. • Depth of 1st row of sheet piles (upstream sheet pile) equals 4.5 m. • Depth of 2nd row of sheet piles (middle sheet pile) equals 2.5 m. • Depth of 3rd row of sheet piles (downstream sheet pile) equals 3.5 m. • Unit weight of the soil underneath Diyala weir structure equals 18 kN/m2. • Permeability for clay soil underneath Diyala weir structure equals 1E-5 m/s. • Depth of impervious layer below Diyala weir foundation equals 11m from the bed level. • Soil foundation underneath the weir is saturated, isotropic and homogenous The main components of Diyala Weir can be depicted in the figure below. Figure 1: Main structural components of Diyal Weir (Wikimapia) A study conducted in 2009 to analyze the seepage underneath Diyala Weir Foundation concluded that the weir had no engineering problems and was safe. 6 4 UN-ESCWA and BGR (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe). 2013. Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia. Beirut. with reference to Ministry of Environment in Iraq et al., 2006, pp. 33-34. 5 Wikipedia Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 4 The road that connects Al Mansouriyah and Delli Abbas to Baqubah and Baghdad crosses Al Sudour lake at 34° 3'51.83"N, 44°58'52.87"E and is subject of this ESIA. The general location of Al Sudour bridge is shown in the following figure. Figure 2: General location of Al Sudour Bridge (Google Earth) The bridge is surrounded mainly by agricultural lands. There are no houses or buildings within a radius of around 200 m as shown in the following figure. 6Saleh I. Khassaf1, Aqeel Sh. Al-Adili, and Rafid S. Rasheed, Seepage Analysis Underneath Diyala Weir Foundation, Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 13 2009, Hurghada, Egypt. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 5 Figure 3: Al Sudour bridge and surrounding land use (Google Earth) 2.2. Current Condition of the Bridge In August 2014, Al Sudour bridge was destroyed by terrorist attack. Currently, it is not in use and needs re-construction and rehabilitation as can be seen in the following figure. Figure 4: Damages on Al Sudour bridge Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 6 2.2 Technical Description of the Bridge: Following are the descriptions and the technical specifications of Al Sudour Bridge: • The bridge was built in 2012. • It has a total length of 336 m, made of 14 spans, 24 m each. • The spacing between the girders (pre-cast pre-stressed) is 1.35 m c/c. • The depth of cast in place deck is 0.20 m. • The actual length of the girders is 23.90 m. • The width of the bridge is 12.00 m (9m carriage way and 1.50 m side walk from each side). • The superstructure consists of concrete girders 24 m long and 1.20 m deep. There are two major service lines that cross the bridge and that need to be repaired in coordination with the relevant authorities namely: • Potable water pipes • Electric cables. 2.4 Construction Activities The anticipated construction activities are expected to take about 6 months. They include: • Removal and demolishment of damaged spans (first and second). The tow spans are simply supported and have 2 expansions joints (one above abutment 1 and the other on pier 2) and hinge slab above pier 1. It includes the removal of 576m² deck,18 damaged girders, 36 failure rubber pads, asphalt…etc.), • Treatment of cracks and side face of abutment and pier 1 • Installation new rubber pads (36 rubbers), • Installation pre –cast pre-stressed girders (18 girders), • Casting the deck slab (0.20m depth), • Surfacing lighting and setting the expansion joint. 2.5 Construction Equipment The following table presents the types and numbers of construction equipment that are expected to be used during the rehabilitation of Al Sudour bridge and their relevant operation periods. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 7 Table 1: Equipment expected to be used in the rehabilitation/Construction Item Operation Type of Equipment Quantity No. Period 1 30 – ton crane 2 60days 2 Compressor (diesel) 370 Airman 2 60 days 3 Jack – hammer (low noise) 2 20 days 4 Shovel (Kawasaki 70) or equivalent 2 5 months Typical lorry with tipping, skipping 5 4 7 days Body to load of transport the demolished material 6 Truck mixer 4 7 days 7 Asphalt grinder 1 7 days 8 Bitumen tanker 1 7 days 9 Asphalt finisher 1 10 days 10 Compactor (steel & rubber tube) 2 10 days 11 Welding machine (set) 2 6 months 12 Diesel generator 30 K.V.A 2 6 months 13 Grader (Komatsu) 1 2 months 14 Pickups & sedan cars 3 6 months 15 Air shot, bell, bugger 3 6 months 2.6 Construction Site Facilities The construction site will include offices and accommodation for the workers that will be equipped with air conditioning and toilet facilities. Potable water tanks will be provided and septic tanks will be constructed for disposal of human sewage. All these facilities will be installed in state-owned land available around the bridge; therefore, there will be no need land acquisition. It is foreseen that most of the workers will be from the region, consequently the need for accommodation may not exist of will be very limited as most of the workers will reside at their homes. . Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 8 3. BASELINE CONDITIONS 3.1 The Project Area Diyala city and its suburban area have a long historic background of several years as part of the Mesopotamic civilization. The main economic activity in the area is agriculture. Although there are few houses and some farms surrounding the project, it is located an open agricultural area with palms and citrus as main culture. 3.2 Environmental and Social Baseline conditions The section below gives a clear overview of the environmental and social conditions in the vicinity of the project location prior to commencement of works. The elements of the environment include: climate and meteorology, air quality, surface and groundwater quality, soil, topography, noise, traffic, rivers and waterways, biodiversity including flora, fauna, rare or endangered species, and sensitive habitats. It also includes consideration of socio-economic characteristics such as population and land- use. 3.2.1 Climate Diyala governorate is located in the northern mid-East part of Iraq. The climate in the project area is desert. Rainfall The major rain falls from November thru February, with spread showering in March. Around 203 mm of precipitation fall annually. The driest months are June thru September when no rainfall (precipitation) occur, while, the wettest months are February & March. Temperature Highest temperatures in Diyala reach over 41 degrees centigrade in July and August and lowest temperatures are around 12 degrees centigrade. The average annual temperature is 22.7°C. The following Table presents the monthly mean temperatures in Diyala from 2008 to 2012. These were retrieved from Diyala meteorological station7 Table 2: Monthly Mean Temperature in Diyala YEAR JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. 2008 12 13.2 23.3 29.3 30.2 38.3 40.2 40.9 39.2 34.1 25.2 20.9 2009 13.3 12.8 22.2 28.9 30.4 39.3 40.3 41.0 39.5 33.2 25.2 18.1 2010 14.2 14.2 24.2 28.2 30.2 39.4 40.4 41.1 39.3 33.1 25.3 19.2 2011 13.2 14.5 23.4 29.3 30.2 39.8 40.6 41.2 39.2 34.4 25.6 19.3 2012 12.5 13.2 24.5 28.9 30.7 39.9 41.0 41.2 39.4 33.0 24.1 19.9 Wind 7 Diyala meteorological station Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 9 Monthly wind velocity record in recent years showed an average of 1.8 m/sec. Monthly mean wind velocity in Diyala is presented in the following Table retrieved from Diyala meteorological station8 Table 3: Monthly Mean Wind Speed in Diyala YEAR JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY. JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. 2007 3.1 2.6 2.3 1.9 3.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.5 1.3 2.3 2.9 2008 2.7 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.5 1.4 2.4 2009 3.2 1.1 1.9 2.2 3.2 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 ==== 1.4 2010 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.4 3.2 1.9 2.3 1.00 1.3 1.1 2011 21.8 2.6 1.9 2.9 1.4 1.4 2.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 3.2.2 Air Quality There are no monitoring stations close to the site. Al- Sudour Bridge is located in an open area and has some mountains, cliffs, and valleys Concentrations of pollutants are not expected because of the good ventilation and potential dispersion of air pollutants. The following Tables present the maximum permissible emissions according to WB and the Iraqi Guidelines. Table 4: Maximum permissible concentrations for SO 2 , NO 2 and CO Time SO 2 NO 2 CO [ppm] [ppm] [ppm] World Bank 24 h 125 - 2- 8:00:00 AM 0.0023 0.011 0.548 Iraq 12:00:00 AM 0.0036 0.038 1.211 3.2.3 Site Topography The project area is located in a rural agricultural area and has some mountains, cliffs, and valleys. 3.2.4 Land use The area in the direct proximity of the bridge is populated with scattered houses at a distance of approximately 200 m while a bit farther, agricultural lands prevail. The bridge is surrounded mainly by agricultural lands. There are no houses or buildings within a radius of around 200 m. 3.2.5 Seismic Activities The territory of Iraq, especially the East of Iraq, although not directly located on a dense cluster of recent earthquake epicenters; is subject to seismic activities. These were recorded in the past as a result of movement of some tectonic plates in neighboring country, Iran. However, there was no significant impact on human nor on infrastructures. 3.2.6 Floods Water flowing in Diyala River is regulated upstream by Hamreen Dam which was constructed between 1966 and 1969. The main purpose of the dam is to divert outflow of the Hamreen Dam (11 km upstream) on the Diyala River to the Khalis and Sadr Al-Mushtarak canals for irrigation. Furthermore, Diyala Weir controls Diyala River in Al Sudour Lake through 2 spillways. There isn’t 8 Diyala meteorological station Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 10 any recent flood hazard that occurred in the area and rehabilitation of the bridge has no impact on how the dam and spillways are regulated. Figure 5: Spillways controlling water level in Al-Sudour Lake 3.2.7 Traffic Level As parts of the bridge are completely destroyed, currently, the vehicles are using the road that is located on the top of Al-Sudour Dam. The daily traffic accounts for around 6,500 vehicles or 2,372,500 vehicles yearly. Around 50% of the vehicles are trucks and 48% are buses. The road above the dam is designed to service the dam only and not for heavy traffic. 3.2.8 Noise Except for the existing normal traffic, no other source of significant noise generation was identified in the area. The sensitive receptors are the workers and contractor staff and the inhabitants. The Table below presents the World Bank limits for ambient noise levels. Table 5: World Bank limits for ambient noise levels WB Requirements One hour L Aeq (dBA) Receptor Day Night 07:00– 22:00 22:00 - 07:00 Residential; 55 45 Institutional; educational Industrial; commercial 70 70 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 11 3.2.9 Heritage Environment Further to site survey and consultation with the relevant authorities, there are no sites of historical or cultural importance in the area of the bridge and its surroundings. No cemeteries, historical-cultural monuments, churches, mosques that exist in the area need to be removed in order to rehabilitate the bridge. 3.2.10 Flora & Fauna No rare or endangered species were identified within or nearby the project site. Referring to Bird Life International, the area of the project is not considered as an Important Bird Area (IBA). 9 There are some agricultural crops, fruit trees and farmland animals in the vicinity of the Bridge. 3.2.11 Land Acquisition As the works consist of the repair and rehabilitation of an existing bridge, there will be no need to purchase additional land. Furthermore, there are no livelihoods in the project vicinity that are likely to be adversely affected by the project, hence neither involuntary nor voluntarily relocation of people is necessary or expected. 3.2.12 Social Aspects The bridge is being constructed on state land, and no land or property expropriation is necessary. The nearest residential unit is at 200 m from the bridge. No agriculture activities of any kind were initiated the project area, and no buildings, shops, houses etc. were constructed within the bridge state-owned area. There are no villages, residential complexes, roadside vendors or community structures in close proximity to the bridge. No vendors, either licensed or non-licensed will be displaced. There is no interference registered from the local community which is eager for the works to be completed. The construction will need about 30-40 workers. As priority will be given to local workers from villages around the bridges, it is expected that the needs for workers’ accommodation will be very limited because most of the workers will be staying with their families. Those labors are anticipated to be ongoing for the duration of the implementation (6 months). No influx of workers to the project area is expected which could result in adverse impact. Since the repair and rehabilitation activities of Al-Sudour Bridge will not entail permanent nor temporary land acquisition and no impact is expected on the livelihood of the local people, therefore, OP 4.12 does not apply. 9 http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/geomap Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 12 4. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Iraqi environmental legislations During rehabilitation and operation, the work must follow the Iraqi laws and regulations for the environmental standards. These are: • Laws of the environment protection No.3 issued in 1997 and the published regulations. The environmental regulations for gaseous emissions, noise and other air pollution standards are not in force and legally binding. However, limits for water disposal in any surface waters and main sewers are subject to regulation no. (25)/1967 and its modifications published by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Environment (MOE). • Law of heritage and antiques no. (55) issued in 2002. This law defines all movable and immovable antiquities, archaeological properties and artifacts in Iraq. It regulates communication channels between the public and the authorities for each type of contact between the public and the revealed and non-revealed archaeological sites. • New environmental framework Law No. 27 of 2009 for the Iraqi national government. This Law was introduced but its executive decrees remain to be prepared. The requirements for environmental assessment are not legally binding. • Regulations governing contact with archaeological sites extend also to encompass developmental activities like road construction and rehabilitation wherever these developmental activities lie within archaeological vicinity. • Regulations of the MOE on sanitary waste must be followed, and for the rubbles (construction & demolition waste) the regulations, legislations and instruction of MOE and Ministry of Construction, Housing and Public Municipalities (MOCHPM). The following Table summarizes the Iraqi’s laws applicable to the project's activity. Table 6: Applicable Environmental Laws and Regulations in Iraq Applicable Iraqi Law Subject Law no. 37 of 2008 Describes institutional arrangements of the MOE and outlines policies and roles and responsibilities toward protecting the environment. Instructions issued by the Ministry of Contamination limits and protection of rivers. Health pursuant of Law no. 25 of 1967 Law no. 27 of 2009 Protection and Improvement of Environment Laws No.3 issued in 1997 Environment protection Regulations no. 2 of 2001 Preserving water resources. Legally, the works under rehabilitation and operation must follow the Iraqi laws and the regulations for the Environmental Standards. These are laws of the environment protection No.3 issued in 1997 and the published regulations. The following should be noted: • There are no environmental regulations for gaseous emissions, noise and other air pollution standards that are and legally binding. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 13 • Water disposal into any surface waters and main sewers is regulated by regulation by regulation no. (25)/1967 and its modifications released by the MOH and MOE • The Law of heritage and antiques no. (55) was Issued in 2002, • The sanitary waste (municipal) disposal should follow the regulations of the MOE • For rubbles (construction &demolition waste) the regulations, legislations and instruction of both MOE and MOCHPM must be followed. It should be noted that legislation related to social safeguards issued in Iraq since 2003 has focused primarily on the ratification of international conventions and protocols on issues such as cultural heritage. Currently, there aren't Law related to social and environmental assessment. 4.2 The World Bank Safeguards Policies In addition to the Iraqi laws and regulations the ESIA follows the policies and procedures of the WB. The following section presents the WB operational policies that are relevant to the rehabilitation of the bridges that ensure that projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. 4.2.1 OP/BP 4.01 - Environmental assessment procedure The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing. The objectives of the EA are to: • Inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks. • Increase transparency and participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. 4.2.2 OP/BP4.12 - Involuntary resettlement OP/BP 4.12 focuses on the following principles: • Involuntary resettlement is avoided wherever feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs; • Where it is not feasible to avoid involuntary resettlement, activities are conceived and executed as sustainable development programs. Displaced persons are to be meaningfully consulted and have opportunities to participate in the planning and implementing of resettlement programs affecting them; and • Displaced persons are assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living, or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. The mechanism of assisting displaced persons is based on full and prior mitigation and compensation for loss of assets or livelihoods. • OP 4.12 applies whenever, in a Bank-financed project, land is acquired involuntarily or access is restricted in legally designated parks or protected areas. However, in this specific project, OP 4.12 will not be applied for the repair and rehabilitation of this bridge as all repair and rehabilitation activities will be within the existing footprint and no additional land acquisition is needed either permanently or temporarily. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 14 4.3 World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety The Iraqi requirements on Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) are quite stringent and match, to a large extent, the international best practices on EHS. The WB Group (EHS) Guidelines (General EHS Guidelines: Construction and Decommissioning) provide specific guidance on EHS requirements for construction related activities (Chapter 4). This includes EHS aspects related to: a. Environment • Noise and Vibration • Soil Erosion • Air Quality • Solid Waste • Hazardous Materials • Wastewater Discharges • Contaminated Land b. Occupational Health and Safety c. Community Health and Safety • General Site Hazards • Disease Prevention • Traffic Safety 4.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism Bank procedures require that GRMs be established and operational prior to commencement of the project, and that they continue to operate for one year following completion of the works. A checklist of issues to be considered in the design of the GRMs includes the following: • An inventory of any reliable conflict mediation organizations or procedures in the project area is undertaken and an assessment made to determine if any of these entities or procedures might be used, ensuring that complaints were received and addressed in an effective, timely and transparent manner. • Good practice is to ensure that Project Affected People (PAP) can apply orally and in the local language and to impose explicit time limits for responding to grievances received. Appeal procedures need to be specified, and this information is made publicly available therefore, allow for both verbal and written grievances to be lodged with the local project authorities, who will transmit these to the local level committee for review, consideration and response. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 15 5. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 Construction/Rehabilitation Phase This section of the report describes the environmental and social impacts that are likely to result from the construction and rehabilitation of Al Sudour Bridge, and the mitigation measures addressing them. The Environmental actions, procedures and responsibilities as required during the construction phase must comply with the available specifications, legislation, laws issued by MOE. The construction contractor(s) will be responsible for compliance with the ESIA provisions during the rehabilitation phase of the project. The contractor will be also in charge of undertaking work in a manner which complies with all relevant environmental procedures, adheres to all legislative requirements, and ensures that all environmental objectives associated with the contract are achieved. The key environmental and social impacts are described below. 5.1.1 Impacts on Air Quality Impacts The main impacts on air quality will result from the emissions of the construction equipment and trucks used to transport construction materials. In addition, dust will be generated from the movement of vehicles and equipment on unpaved roads as well as the demolition and removal of concrete blocks. The dust and particulate matters may occur also from accumulated piles of stored inert waste material (stockpiles of ground asphalt, rubble, gravel, and also sand) at/ or near the site prior to their removal for disposal. As the duration of the Project is for 6 months, the impacts on air quality will be temporary and will be reversed once the rehabilitation works are completed. The Bridge area is mainly agricultural with some scattered houses at a distance more than 200m, therefore, the impacts on air quality are assessed to be of low significance. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures should include, but not limited to, the following practices and actions: • Engines of vehicles and other machinery are kept turned on only if necessary, avoiding any unnecessary emission; • Machines and equipment are periodically checked and maintained to ensure their good working condition; • All equipment and machines must be maintained and tested for compliance with standards and technical regulations for the protection of the environment and have appropriate certifications; • Activities are carried out using the minimum required number of means at the same time; and • Electric small-scale mechanization and technical tools are used when available and feasible. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 16 Concerning dust control methods and measures, the following actions are to be taken into account to reduce the generation of dust: • Watering or increasing the moisture level of the open materials storage piles to reduce dust levels; • Enclose or cover inactive piles to reduce wind erosion; • Spray with water all trucks loads transporting dust-generating materials to suppress dust, as well as wheels of means moving inside and outside of the construction-site; and • Reduce speed for vehicles approaching the site to less than 40 km/hr. On site, speed should not exceed 20 km/hr. 5.1.2 Noise impacts Impacts Currently the main source of noise is generated from the vehicles that pass on the road above the dam. Once the rehabilitation works start the nearest sensitive receptors are the workers and contractor staff. The other sensitive receptors are the inhabitants of the houses around the bridge and people taking the roads in the surroundings. The nearest residential unit is at around 200 m from the bridge. The impact of the noise on the inhabitants will not be significant after attenuation. The noisiest equipment that will be used during the rehabilitation being the scraper and the leveler. They generate a noise of 111 dB. By applying the simple inverse square law, and considering that there is no barrier between the bridge and the nearest residential unit, the noise level that will reach the residential unit is estimated at 45 dB. For comparison purposes, the World Health Organization (WHO) Noise level guidelines for residential areas is 55 dB and the national noise level is 80 dB. Anyway, the noise will not be continuous and no noisy activities will be allowed to take place at night to prevent any inconvenience for the nearest community. As for on-site workers, the personal protective equipment should be used in order to reduce the impact of the noise and for the all period of work. Therefore, the noise level will have minimal impacts on the workers and contractor staff from the emission sources identified and it will be expected to be less than 70 db. The following will be expected to be the main sources for noise impacts on the surrounding receptors: • Noise emissions from the equipment engines used during the construction activities (earth works, breaking of damaged blocks, use of jack hammers, cutting of steel, etc.); • Movement of trucks and other equipment from and to the construction site. Noise impact was evaluated considering the equipment that could operate simultaneously in the construction site. In the following Table equipment typologies and sound power levels are reported. For the comparison perspectives the national noise level is 80 dB 10. Table 7: Expected Noise levels of machinery to be used in Al-Haronyah Project Machinery Lw (dBA) 10 (Proposal)Iraqi legislation for Noise levels Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 17 Machinery Lw (dBA) Excavators 105.9 Truck 105.9 Scrapers and levellers 111.0 Rollers 99.2 Asphalting machines 100.0 Truck cranes 108.3 Generating sets 97.3 Motor-driven compressors 99.2 Fork lifts 101.0 The Lw values were determined based on a comparison of the equipment model with equipment of similar features and comparable power. Noise impacts will mainly affect the construction workers and may also affect the nearby houses. They are expected to be of medium significance. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures should include, but not limited to, the following practices and actions: • Perform construction activities within reasonable hours during the day and early evening. Activities should not be allowed during night in sensitive areas, such as close to the residential buildings. • Keep equipment in good working order and where appropriate fitted with silencers that should also be kept in good working order. • Run equipment only when necessary; • Position the noise sources in a concealed area with respect to acoustic receptors, consistent with the needs of the construction site. • Implement an effective Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to allow nearby communities to complain about any noise impacts. 5.1.3 Impacts on water resources Impacts The potential impacts on the water environment derived from Al Sudour bridge construction activities are presented in this section with particular reference to: • Impacts related to Water Consumption During construction phase, water will be needed for domestic and potable use of the staff (estimated at 60 l/d per worker), for soil watering and spraying to suppress dust and to clean the equipment and the work site offices. The water supply requirements will be provided by trucks through licensed service provider from sustainable water source. The source of this water is via the local water network in locations identified by the municipality. Normally, the same source of water is used for spraying and equipment cleaning. Drinking water is provided as purified bottled water. Signage for water conservation will be placed on site to encourage workers to conserve water consumption. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 18 • Impacts related to ground water The construction sites will be equipped with worker’s/engineer’s caravans which will have lavatory facilities (toilets and sinks). Improper wastewater disposal on soils may percolate to ground water and thus causing contamination of subsurface/ground water table. Contaminated wastewater by engine oils or lubricant after washing of equipment or by accidental spills may percolate to the soil thus polluting the ground waters and affecting its ecosystem. • Impacts related to Surface Water Contaminated wastewater by engine oils or lubricant after washing of equipment or by accidental spills may also find its way to the lake or river stream thus polluting its waters and affecting its ecosystem. It also important to mention that most of the works will take place above the surface of water.  If the damaged concrete blocks, are broken into small pieces to allow their movement, the generated dust will fall into the water stream and will increase the suspended solids which will in turn affect the surface water quality.  In addition, improper disposal of any liquid or solid wastes into the lake may pollute its waters or block the water flow.  If wastewater is collected and discharged into the water stream, it will cause pollution to the water in the lake and in the river.  Erosion and runoff due to precipitation is considered of low impact due to the low rate of precipitation and rainfall.  Material storage areas should be well isolated from storm water to prevent the contamination of the runoff  Construction vehicles and machinery shall be washed only in designated areas where runoff will not pollute natural water bodies The overall impact related to water consumption is temporary and reversible and is considered negligible because the quantities of water involved are relatively small, and they will be required over a short period of time but the thread on the quality of water is assessed to be high. The overall impact related to water resources is considered of medium significance. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures should include, but not limited to, the following practices and actions: • Remove damaged sections of the bridge which are immersed in the lake carefully without polluting the lake especially that the work will take place over it. • In case of big volumes, the damaged sections will need to be broken into smaller size blocks. Use geotextile meshes or other suitable means to prevent the dispersion of cement dust into the lake. • Monitor the water quality in specific locations upstream and downstream of the site to ensure that water quality is not adversely affected. • Make sure wastewater from the worker rest areas or construction offices is contained in solid bottom containers and removed regularly from site by means of authorized contractors. The wastewater should be disposed in wastewater treatment plants as determined by the municipality. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 19 • Using septic tanks on site, the engineering drawings of these tanks should be presented to the Resident Engineer for approval. • Water sprayed to reduce dust should not be allowed to return to the water course and the lake. • Install and maintain a proper workshop to maintain the engines (change lubricant or refuel) and a shelter ensure containment of any fuel or oil spills. • Strictly forbid disposal of solid wastes in the river and in the lake. • Use of paints or chemicals should be done away from the river and the lake. However, if non- avoidable, excessive precautions should be undertaken to avoid spillages into the surface water. • The contractor shall present accidents and spill response and cleanup plan to the resident Engineer for approval prior to construction works activities. • The contractor to submit to the Resident Engineer for approval a comprehensive emergency plan including all the needed steps and procedures in order to have a good confinement of any emergency situation related to accidents and spillages. • Isolate material storage areas to prevent the contamination of the runoff • Wash construction vehicles and machinery only in designated areas where runoff will not pollute natural water bodies 5.1.4 Impacts on soil Impacts Although, vegetation can be seen at the sides of the lake and therefore, there will be no need for their removal, hence impact related to soil erosion is low. Furthermore, the construction activities will not cause changes in geomorphologic landforms and site setting. Improper disposal of solid or liquid wastes and accidental oil and fuel spills may also pollute the surrounding soils may also result in contaminating soils. Due to the temporary and limited rehabilitation activities, soil contamination impacts are assessed to be of low significance. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures should include, but not limited to, the following practices and actions: • If trees need to be removed, new ones should be planted to prevent soil erosion, and to prevent the visual disfigurement. • Use appropriate and enclosed containers for hazardous waste storage. Do not place hazardous waste directly on soils. • Prevent soil contamination by oil/grease spills, leakages or releases. All manipulations of oil derivatives in the process of construction and provision of the fuel to the machines should be performed with maximum care; leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the oil/grease handling area shall be drained through drains and treated appropriately before disposal; • Collect construction waste and debris on a regular basis and dispose them of at designated landfills; • Use authorized quarries only when purchasing soil to be used for embankment, padding, bedding, backfilling during construction; • Do not operate equipment and vehicles outside the designated work areas and roads. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 20 • The contractor shall present accidents and spill response and cleanup plan to the resident Engineer for approval prior to construction works activities. 5.1.5 Solid and hazardous wastes Impacts The present section discusses the potential environmental and social impacts of solid and hazardous waste associated with the Project construction phase through the temporary storage on the site area; and the management and disposal of wastes. The construction phase will be carried out through different activities as civil, mechanical, piping electrical, etc. which in turn will generate volumes of waste with typology characteristic of the nature of each activity. In general, waste generated during construction phase shall be divided into: • Construction waste; • Municipal solid waste; • Other waste related to the maintenance activities of machines. Solid construction waste typically includes concrete, asphalt, wood, plastic, glass, metals and other composite materials. Hazardous waste potentially generated during construction activities includes empty paints/chemical containers, equipment batteries, and trash such as oil contaminated material, and similar. Removed asphalt will also be considered as hazardous waste. The quantities of solid and hazardous wastes are expected to be moderate but due to the weaknesses in the capacity of the local authorities in managing solid and hazardous wastes and lack of waste management facilities, the impacts of solid and hazardous wastes are assessed to be of low significance. Mitigation measures • Minimize waste generation on site. • Develop simple waste management plan for specific waste streams. • Collect and transport general waste to disposal sites approved by the local municipality • Where realistic, collect food wastes, considering health and hygiene issues, for disposal off- site through licensed contractors. • Locate waste containers at each worksite. • Collect chemical wastes in 200 liter drums (or similar sealed container), appropriately labeled, for safe transport to an approved chemical waste depot or collection by a liquid waste treatment service. • Conduct storage, transport and handling of all chemicals in accordance with all legislative requirements, through licensed contractors and in coordination with the local authority. • Store all hazardous wastes appropriately in bounded areas and clearly identify them as “hazardous”. • Transport and dispose of hazardous wastes through licensed contractors and in close coordination with the relevant local authority and in compliance with the legal requirements and instructions of the coordination with the as Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 21 • Manage hazardous liquids, such as solvents, rust proofing agents and primer in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation and industry standards. • Prepare a hazardous materials inventory for the construction period. • Explain to workers and make the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for hazardous materials available on-site during construction • Collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off-site and potential reuse, recycling, transport or disposal at approved locations. • The contractor shall present accidents and spill response and cleanup plan of hazardous water to the resident Engineer for approval prior to construction works activities. • Report accidents due to the hazardous waste dispersion response to resident Engineer 5.1.6 Flora & Fauna Impacts No rare or endangered species were identified within or nearby the project site. Except for agricultural crops, fruit trees and farmland animals, there is no observed wild life or significant naturally grown plants or flora species due to the human activities and presence in the area. The overall impact on the flora and fauna is found to be of low significance Mitigation measures • Construction vehicles and machinery will be maintained in accordance with industry standard to minimize unnecessary noise generation. • Traffic signs will be installed on all roads throughout construction areas depicting speed limits. • For construction areas requiring night-time lighting, lights will be used only where necessary and will be directed toward the subject area and away from habitat areas where possible. • All existing large trees, if any, that are close to or affected by the construction must be retained or replanted with native trees. • Fishing and using of illegal fishing gear anywhere close to the bridge should be prohibited. 5.1.7 Topography and landforms The local topography will not be altered by the project activities. 5.1.8 Local Traffic Impacts Currently, the Bridge is not trafficable. The vehicles are using the service road of the dam which is at a distance of some meters from Al Sudour Bridge. The only additional disturbance will be due to the trucks transporting the materials and goods. Therefore, the overall impacts of the rehabilitation activities on the local traffic is expected to be of low significance. Mitigation measures • Provide information, through appropriate signage to the bridge users; • Where practicable, truck deliveries must be restricted to daytime working hours. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 22 • Dangerous goods must be transported along routes preferred for dangerous goods, • Clear traffic signs and signs signals must be installed on-site to provide for safe traffic. 5.1.9 Health and Safety Impacts During the rehabilitation phase of the project, there are risks posed to human health. Potential hazards for workers in construction include: • Falls (from heights); • Trench collapse; • Scaffold collapse; • Electric shock and arc flash/arc blast; • Failure to use proper personal protective equipment; and • Repetitive motion injuries. The above risks are considered of high importance and need appropriate mitigation measures. As for the emission of pollutants in the air, the potential impact of rehabilitation activities was found to be low. If compared to the regulation limits, the expected concentrations of the various pollutants that could be generated from the site, are not expected to overcome the limits. Similarly, the levels of noise that are expected from the site works are expected to be within acceptable limits and the impact is expected to be low. There are no risks or impacts related to workers’ accommodation, public health/communicable disease, or working at heights that are expected as all the needed logistics for the proper and healthy working environment will be provided by the contractor on-site. Therefore, the impacts on health and safety are assessed to be of low significance. Mitigation measures In order to minimize these risks, the following mitigation measures are proposed: • Limit speed of construction vehicles and provide road signage for drivers and local community. • Employ qualified personnel for the use of construction equipment, and train them for health and safety related issues. • Supply personal protection equipment such as eyeglasses, gloves, hard heads and safety belts and continuously monitor their use by all workers, technicians, engineers and site visitors and floating jackets if the risk of drowning exist. • Comply with international standards for good construction practices; • Adhere to local and international guidance and codes of practice on EHS management during construction including management, supervision, monitoring and record-keeping; • Implement EHS procedures as a condition of contract with contractors and their sub- contractors; Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 23 • Clearly define the EHS roles and responsibilities of the companies involved in construction and to individual staff (including the nomination of EHS supervisors during construction and an EHS coordinator during operation); • In the Pre-construction phase, assess the EHS risks and hazards associated with construction and operation, including consideration of local cultural attitudes, education level of workforce and local work practices; • Provide appropriate training on EHS issues for all construction and operation workers, including initial induction and regular refresher training, taking into account local cultural issues; • Provide health and safety information; • Regularly inspect, review and record EHS performance; • Putting on a safety harness and connecting it, via an energy-absorbing lanyard, to a suitable anchor point for staff working at the sides of the bridges • Provide a comprehensive Health and Safety Manual for approval by the Engineer and implementation by all workers and engineers. • Maintain standard of housekeeping at all times. • Prepare an emergency plan that covers all the potential risks that may result from different civil work activities. Such plan must deal with the following items:  Reporting on accidents  Treat minor injuries on site using a first aid procedure  Train the workers on safety  Equip fuel and oil changing shelters with necessary firefighting and safety equipment. Specific health and safety mitigation measures include: 1. Scaffolding  Scaffold must be sound, rigid and sufficient to carry its own weight plus four times the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. It must be erected on solid footing.  Unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose bricks or concrete blocks must not be used to support scaffolds or planks.  Scaffold must not be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under the supervision of a competent person.  Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, midrails and toeboards.  Scaffold accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses, screw legs or ladders that are damaged or weakened from any cause must be immediately repaired or replaced.  Scaffold platforms must be tightly planked with scaffold plank grade material or equivalent.  A "competent person" must inspect the scaffolding and, at designated intervals, re- inspect it.  Rigging on suspension scaffolds must be inspected by a competent person before each shift and after any occurrence that could affect structural integrity to ensure that all connections are tight and that no damage to the rigging has occurred since its last use.  Synthetic and natural rope used in suspension scaffolding must be protected from heat-producing sources.  Employees must be instructed about the hazards of using diagonal braces as fall protection. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 24  Scaffold can be accessed by using ladders and stairwells.  Scaffolds must be at least 10 feet from electric power lines at all times. 2. Fall protection  Consider using aerial lifts or elevated platforms to provide safer elevated working surfaces;  Erect guardrail systems with toeboards and warning lines or install control line systems to protect workers near the edges of floors and roofs;  Cover floor holes; and/or  Use safety net systems or personal fall arrest systems (body harnesses 3. Elevated Surfaces  Signs are posted, when appropriate, showing the elevated surface load capacity.  Surfaces elevated more than 48 inches above the floor or ground have standard guardrails.  All elevated surfaces (beneath which people or machinery could be exposed to falling objects) have standard 4-inch toeboards.  A permanent means of entry and exit with handrails is provided to elevated storage and work surfaces.  Material is piled, stacked or racked in a way that prevents it from tipping, falling, collapsing, rolling or spreading. 4. Ladders  Use the correct ladder for the task.  Have a competent person visually inspect a ladder before use for any defects such as:  Structural damage, split/bent side rails, broken or missing rungs/steps/cleats and missing or damaged safety devices;  Grease, dirt or other contaminants that could cause slips or falls;  Paint or stickers (except warning labels) that could hide possible defects  .  Make sure that ladders are long enough to safely reach the work area.  Mark or tag ("Do Not Use") damaged or defective ladders for repair or replacement, or destroy them immediately.  Never load ladders beyond the maximum intended load or beyond the manufacturer's rated capacity.  Be sure the load rating can support the weight of the user, including materials and tools.  Avoid using ladders with metallic components near electrical work and overhead power lines. 5. Head protection  Be sure that workers wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps to their heads from fixed objects, or accidental head contact with electrical hazards. 6. Hazard communication  A list of hazardous substances used in the workplace is maintained and readily available at the worksite. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 25  There is a written hazard communication program addressing Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), labeling and employee training.  Each container of a hazardous substance (vats, bottles, storage tanks) is labeled with product identity and a hazard warning(s) (communicating the specific health hazards and physical hazards).  Material Safety Data Sheets are readily available at all times for each hazardous substance used.  There is an effective employee training program for hazardous substances. 7. Crane Safety  Cranes and derricks are restricted from operating within 10 feet of any electrical power line.  The upper rotating structure supporting the boom and materials being handled is provided with an electrical ground while working near energized transmitter towers.  Rated load capacities, operating speed and instructions are posted and visible to the operator.  Cranes are equipped with a load chart.  The operator understands and uses the load chart.  The operator can determine the angle and length of the crane boom at all times.  Crane machinery and other rigging equipment is inspected daily prior to use to make sure that it is in good condition.  Accessible areas within the crane's swing radius are barricaded.  Tag lines are used to prevent dangerous swing or spin of materials when raised or lowered by a crane or derrick.  Illustrations of hand signals to crane and derrick operators are posted on the job site.  The signal person uses correct signals for the crane operator to follow.  Crane outriggers are extended when required.  Crane platforms and walkways have antiskid surfaces.  Broken, worn or damaged wire rope is removed from service.  Guardrails, hand holds and steps are provided for safe and easy access to and from all areas of the crane.  Load testing reports/certifications are available.  Tower crane mast bolts are properly torqued to the manufacturer's specifications.  Overload limits are tested and correctly set.  The maximum acceptable load and the last test results are posted on the crane.  Initial and annual inspections of all hoisting and rigging equipment are performed and reports are maintained.  Only properly trained and qualified operators are allowed to work with hoisting and rigging equipment. 8. Forklifts  Forklift truck operators are competent to operate these vehicles safely as demonstrated by their successful completion of training and evaluation.  No employee under 18 years old is allowed to operate a forklift.  Forklifts are inspected daily for proper condition of brakes, horns, steering, forks and tires. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 26  Powered industrial trucks (forklifts) meet the design and construction requirements established in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for Powered Industrial Trucks, Part II ANSI B56.1-1969.  Written approval from the truck manufacturer is obtained for any modification or additions which affect capacity and safe operation of the vehicle.  Capacity, operation and maintenance instruction plates, tags or decals are changed to indicate any modifications or additions to the vehicle.  Battery charging is conducted in areas specifically designated for that purpose.  Material handling equipment is provided for handling batteries, including conveyors, overhead hoists or equivalent devices.  Reinstalled batteries are properly positioned and secured in the truck.  Smoking is prohibited in battery charging areas.  Precautions are taken to prevent open flames, sparks or electric arcs in battery charging areas.  Refresher training is provided and an evaluation is conducted whenever a forklift operator has been observed operating the vehicle in an unsafe manner and when an operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck.  Load and forks are fully lowered, controls neutralized, power shut off and brakes set when a powered industrial truck is left unattended.  There is sufficient headroom for the forklift and operator under overhead installations, lights, pipes, sprinkler systems, etc.  Overhead guards are in place to protect the operator against falling objects.  Trucks are operated at a safe speed.  All loads are kept stable, safely arranged and fit within the rated capacity of the truck.  Unsafe and defective trucks are removed from service. 9. Electrical Safety  Work on new and existing energized (hot) electrical circuits is prohibited until all power is shut off and grounds are attached.  An effective Lockout/Tagout system is in place.  Frayed, damaged or worn electrical cords or cables are promptly replaced.  All extension cords have grounding prongs.  Protect flexible cords and cables from damage. Sharp corners and projections should be avoided.  Use extension cord sets used with portable electric tools and appliances that are the three-wire type and designed for hard or extra-hard service. (Look for some of the following letters imprinted on the casing: S, ST, SO, STO.)  All electrical tools and equipment are maintained in safe condition and checked regularly for defects and taken out of service if a defect is found.  Do not bypass any protective system or device designed to protect employees from contact with electrical energy.  Overhead electrical power lines are located and identified.  Ensure that ladders, scaffolds, equipment or materials never come within 10 feet of electrical power lines.  All electrical tools must be properly grounded unless they are of the double insulated type.  Multiple plug adapters are prohibited. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 27 Details on the above measures should be included in the H&S manual to be presented by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer 5.1.10 Socio – Economic Impacts It is expected that the Local community members overwhelmingly support the bridge rehabilitation because of its potentially very significant contribution to local transportation, marketing of local produce, and stimulation of local business opportunities. On the short term, during the rehabilitation phase, the Project will generate new employment opportunities for local community residents. These will be for both skilled and unskilled workers. Preference shall be given to local residents. Anyway, in case any impact was not identified by the present assessment, the local community will be able to communicate its complaints through a GRM which will be developed by the project and will be easily accessible (see Annex 1). Therefore, the socio-economic impacts assessed to be of low significance. 5.1.11 Land Acquisition There will be no need to expropriate or rent any land. The existing state-owned land area can be used by the contractor to accommodate his facilities. 5.1.12 Summary of Impacts Based on the above section, the following table presents a summary of the impacts of the works on the environment during operational and their relevant impacts Table 8: Summary of Impacts during Construction / Rehabilitation No. Environmental Receptor Impact Significance 1 Air Quality Low 2 Noise Medium 3 Water Resources Medium 4 Soil Low 5 Solid and hazardous wastes Low 6 Flora & Fauna Low 7 Topography and landforms Insignificant 8 Local traffic Low 9 Health and Safety Low 10 Socio-Economic impacts Low 11 Land Acquisition Insignificant 5.2 Operational Phase 5.2.1 Air Quality Impacts The operation of the bridge after rehabilitation will ease the traffic congestion which may decrease the air emissions from vehicles. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 28 Mitigation measures During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities should ensure that all vehicle engines are in good conditions. 5.2.2 Noise Impacts The service road on the dam which is at 50-100m distance is currently used as alternative road. The return into service of Al Sudour bridge will shift the traffic from the service road and ease the congestion. The noise levels generated from vehicles will then decrease and the impact on noise level is expected to be insignificant. Mitigation measures • During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities should ensure that all vehicle engines are in good conditions. • Reduce speed limits especially near residential buildings. • Limit trucks movement especially at night in coordination with the local traffic authorities 5.2.3 Water resources During rainy seasons, runoff water contaminated with oil and grease may cause pollution of the river. Since maintenance of broken vehicles on the bridge is unlikely, the generation of pollution unless in the case of extreme emergency such as oil spills from tankers would be minimal However, the installed drains (conduits and pipes) for run-off water should be regularly cleaned especially prior to and during the rainy season. 5.2.4 Soil No impacts are expected on soil during operation. 5.2.5 Solid and hazardous wastes Impacts During the operational period, some littering and waste generation resulting from the repair activities will occur. Littering may occur due to wind action or irresponsible behavior of drivers. Mitigation measures All littering and solid waste should be collected and disposed using municipal trucks and vehicles. Increase awareness of drivers using the bridge to avoid throwing garbage out of their vehicles in the water. Awareness campaigns and road signs can be used as tools to raise public awareness. 5.2.6 Flora & Fauna There are no impacts expected on flora or fauna during operation. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 29 5.2.7 Topography and landforms The local topography will not be altered by the project activities. 5.2.8 Impacts on local traffic It is expected that the local traffic conditions will significantly improve due to the operation of the bridge. 5.2.9 Health and Safety Impacts Road accidents may result due to the operation of the bridge and increased traffic volume. Mitigation measures • Limit the speed and place road signs to prevent or minimize the road accidents. • Provide lighting of the bridge to reduce the probability of road accidents. 5.2.10 Socio-Economic impacts During the operational period, the project is expected to result in positive socio-economic outcomes for the local communities. However, the GRM will be kept in continued operation of a GRM for one year after completion of works and will help address the complaints of the local community through an accessible, fair and transparent means of reporting any emerging adverse impacts, and a means of obtaining mitigation. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 30 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures In this section, the identified mitigation measures will be summarized. The responsibility for implementation of the mitigation measures will be mostly upon the contractor. However, the supervision and assurance that the mitigation measures are implemented will be the responsibility of the Resident Engineer (RE) who represents the Roads and Bridges Directorate (RBD) as the Project owner. The RE will be assisted by a team of environmental and social officers who will be responsible for supervising the daily activities of the contractor and will report non-compliances to the RE in order to take necessary actions towards the contractor. Regular supervision site visits will also be conducted by the RBD Project Management Team (PMT) environmental/social officer in association with a qualified environmental and social consultant who will provide technical advice in case there is a need to modify or add new mitigation measures as work necessitates. 6.2 Cost of mitigation measures The costs of mitigation measures are estimated based on the average market rates for similar activities in Iraq and can be used as indicative costs. It is the sole responsibility of the contractor to estimate the costs associated with the recommended mitigation measures based on his work experience. The estimated cost of the mitigation measures is 30,000 US$ as shown in the following Table. 6.3 ESMP The following tables summarize the mitigation measures which are required to be undertaken to avoid any negative impacts on the environment. Responsibilities and estimated costs are also presented. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 31 Table 9: Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase. Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Open materials storage piles should be watered to increase of the moisture level thus reducing dust levels. - Inactive piles should be placed in enclosure or covered to reduce wind erosion. - Loads in all trucks transporting dust-generating materials have to be sprayed with water to suppress dust, as Resident Contractor 3,000 well as wheels of vehicles moving inside and outside of the construction-site. engineer - Signs and speed reduction bumps should be installed for vehicles approaching the site and near residential buildings and farmlands to reduce their speed below 40 km/hr. On site, speed should not exceed 20 km/hr. Air - Engines of vehicles and other machinery shall be kept turned on only if necessary, avoiding any 1 quality unnecessary emission. - Machines and equipment should be periodically checked and maintained to ensure their good working condition. Resident Included in Contractor - All equipment and machines must be maintained and tested for compliance with standards and technical engineer contractor cost regulations for the protection of the environment and have appropriate certifications. - Activities should be carried out using the minimum required number of means at the same time. - Electric small-scale machines and technical tools shall be used when available and feasible. - Construction activities are to take place within reasonable hours during the day. - Equipment must be kept in good working order and where appropriate fitted with silencers which are kept in good working order. Contractor Resident Included in - Equipment must be run only when necessary. engineer contractor cost 2 Noise - The noise sources should be placed in a concealed area with respect to acoustic receptors, consistent with the needs of the construction site. - Personal protection equipment for workers should be used of especially those who use jack hammers or Contractor Resident 2,000 work near noisy engines or compressors. engineer - Damaged sections of the bridge should be carefully removed without polluting the lake water. - In case of using septic tanks on site, the engineering drawings of these tanks should be presented to the Resident Engineer for approval - No solid wastes are to be thrown into the lake. Water Contractor Resident Included in 3 - Paints or chemicals should be used away from the lake. However, if non-avoidable, excessive precautions resources engineer contractor cost should be undertaken to avoid spillages into the lake water and the ground water. - Water sprayed to control dust generation should not be allowed to return to the water course and the lake - Material storage areas should be well isolated from storm water to prevent the contamination of the runoff - Construction vehicles and machinery shall be washed only in designated areas where runoff will not pollute Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 32 Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ natural water bodies - Wastewater from the worker rest areas or construction offices should be contained in septic tank and should Contractor Resident be removed regularly from site by means of authorized contractors and disposed in approved Wastewater 8,000 engineer Treatment Plant (WWTP) . - In case of the need to change engine oils or refuel some construction equipment, a proper maintenance Contractor Resident 3,000 workshop or shelter should be installed to ensure containment of any fuel or oil spills. engineer - Contractor to present accidents and spill response and cleanup plan to the resident Engineer for approval prior to construction works activities. - Soil contamination by oil/grease spills, leakages or releases, all manipulations of oil derivatives in the process of construction are to be prevented. - Provision of the fuel to the machines should be performed with maximum care. - Leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the Contractor Resident Included in oil/grease handling area shall be drained through drains and treated appropriately before disposal. engineer contractor cost 4 Soil - Construction waste and debris shall be collected on a regular basis and disposed of at designated landfills which is about 30Km to the north of the project area. - Only authorized quarries shall be used for purchasing soil to be used for embankment, padding, bedding, backfilling during construction. - Operation of equipment and vehicles outside the designated work areas and roads must be prohibited. - If trees are to be removed, replant native trees - No hazardous waste storage shall take place directly on soils. Appropriate and enclosed containers should Contractor Resident be utilized and disposed of in designated locations in cooperation with MOST who in charge for hazard 1,000 engineer waste disposal. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 33 Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - On site waste generation shall be minimized. - Simple waste management plan for specific waste streams must be developed. - General waste must be collected and transported to local council approved disposal sites. - Food wastes must be collected, where practicable, considering health and hygiene issues, for disposal off- site through licensed contractors. - Waste containers must be located at each worksite. - Chemical wastes must be collected in 200 liter drums (or similar sealed container), appropriately labeled, for safe transport to an approved chemical waste depot or collection by a liquid waste treatment service. RE in - Storage, transport and handling of all chemicals must be conducted in accordance with all legislative coordination requirements, through licensed contractors and in coordination with the local authority. Solid and with the local - All hazardous wastes must be appropriately stored in bounded areas and should be clearly identified as Contractor 5 hazardous authority and 6,000 “hazardous”. wastes MOST regarding - Transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes should be done through licensed contractors and in close hazardous coordination with the relevant local authority and in compliance with the legal requirements and wastes instructions of the coordination with the as ministry of science and technology. - Hazardous liquids, such as solvents, rust proofing agents and primer must be managed in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation and industry standards. - A hazardous materials inventory for the construction period must be prepared. - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for hazardous materials must be available on-site during construction and made available and explained to workers. - Hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, must be collected for safe transport off-site for reuse, recycling, transport or disposal at approved locations. - Construction vehicles and machinery will be maintained in accordance with industry standard to minimize unnecessary noise generation. - Traffic signs will be installed on all roads throughout construction areas depicting speed limits. - For construction areas requiring night-time lighting, lights will be used only where necessary and will be Flora & Resident Included in 6 directed toward the subject area and away from habitat areas where possible. Contractor Fauna Engineer contractor cost - All existing large trees, if any, that are close to or affected by the construction must be retained or replanted with native trees. - Fishing and using of illegal fishing gear anywhere close to the bridge should be prohibited. Topography 7 Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable & landforms Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 34 Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Provide information, to the bridge users to use the alternative route through appropriate signage. Contractor in - Upgrade the alternative route to be able to receive the additional number of vehicles. coordination with - Clear traffic signs and signs signals must be installed on-site to provide for safe traffic movement. Resident 8 Traffic the 500 - Where practicable, truck deliveries must be restricted to daytime working hours. Engineer Local Traffic - Dangerous goods must be transported along routes preferred for dangerous goods. Department - Clear traffic signs and signs signals must be installed on-site to provide for safe traffic. Local traffic - The speed of the construction vehicles should be limited. Contractor department & 1,000 - Road signage for drivers and local community should be provided. RE - Qualified personnel must be employed for the construction equipment, and personnel must be trained for health and safety issues. Contractor Resident - Personal protection equipment such as eyeglasses, gloves, hard heads and safety belts, and slip- resistant 3,000 engineer safety footwear and floating jackets if the risk of drowning exist, must be supplied and continuously used by all workers, technicians, engineers and site visitors. - The contractor should comply with international standards for good construction practices; - The contractor should adhere to local and international guidance and codes of practice on EHS management during construction; especially as concerns management, supervision, monitoring and record-keeping; - EHS procedures should be part of the conditions of contract with contractors and their sub-contractors; Health & 9 - There should be a clear definition of the EHS roles and responsibilities of the companies involved in Safety construction and of individual staff (including the EHS supervisors during construction and an EHS coordinator during operation); - There should be a pre-construction assessment of the EHS risks and hazards associated with construction Contractor Resident Included in and operation, including consideration of local cultural attitudes, education level of workforce and local engineer contractor cost work practices; - There should be a regular inspection, review and recording of EHS performance; - Putting on a safety harness and connecting it, via an energy-absorbing lanyard, to a suitable anchor point for staff working at the sides of the bridges - Present detailed H&S Manual to be implemented - Implement H&S measures as detailed in Chapter 5 in the ESIA - A high standard of housekeeping shall be maintained at all times. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 35 Total Receptor Mitigation Measures during Rehabilitation Phase Responsibility Supervision Estimated Cost in US$ - Any accidents shall be reported and treated within site as a first aid procedure. Resident - Appropriate training on EHS issues for all construction and operation workers, including initial induction engineer in and regular refresher training, taking into account local cultural issues should be provided Contractor coordination 2,500 - Fuel and oil changing shelters should be equipped with necessary firefighting and safety equipment with health and - First aid items should be available all times onsite and trained staff on emergency aids should be identified. safety officials. Handling - A complaints register will be kept on site and this will feed into the GRM. Details of complaints received Included in 10 Resident Engineer RBD/PMT Complaints will be incorporated into the audits as part of the monitoring process. contractor cost Total Cost (Rehabilitation phase) 30,000 Table 10: Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase. Total estimated Cost in Receptor Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase Responsibility Supervision US$ 1 Air quality - During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities to ensure that all Traffic Department Traffic Department No direct cost vehicle engines are in good conditions. - During the license issuance or renewal process of vehicles, traffic authorities should ensure that all 2 Noise vehicle engines are in good conditions. Traffic Traffic No direct cost - Speed limits should be reduced especially near residential buildings. Department Department - Limit trucks movement especially at night in coordination with the local traffic authorities. 3 Water Resources Traffic Traffic - Ensure that any clogged drains are regularly cleaned especially before and during the rainy season. No direct cost Department Department 4 Soil - Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - Install waste collection bins on the bridge. To be covered by Solid and 5 - Install environmental awareness signs along the bridge Local Authority private sector as a hazardous wastes RBD (Municipality) contribution to the community 6 Traffic Traffic Traffic - Speed limits and road signs should be in place to prevent or minimize the road accidents. No direct cost Department Department Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 36 Total estimated Cost in Receptor Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase Responsibility Supervision US$ - The bridge must be provided with suitable post lighting at night to reduce the probability of road RBD RBD Within RBD budget accidents. 7 Flora & Fauna - Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Topography and 8 landforms - Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 37 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN 7.1 Environmental and Social Monitoring In order to ensure full compliance of the performed activities to the environmental and social requirements, regular monitoring should be performed. In this section, the environmental and social monitoring activities will be presented, the institutional responsibilities will be determined in addition to the necessary resources which need to be in place to perform the monitoring activities. The objectives of the monitoring are as follows: • To measure the compliance with the ESMP mitigation measures • To verify the results of the project’s environmental and social impact assessment • To study the trend of construction values of the parameters, which have been identified as critical. • To ensure that all safety concepts were implemented properly during the bridge operation. • To ensure no harm is incurred by local communities from bridge operation, including to land, productive plants, infrastructures, and livelihoods. To ensure the proper implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures, an environmental and social monitoring program has been established for the construction phase as shown in the Table below. Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 38 Table 11: Monitoring Activities during Rehabilitation Phase. Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ - Open material storage piles are to be inspected - Visual inspection - Daily - Visual inspection of vehicles and equipment operating or entering the site - Visual inspection - Daily - Investigate dust complaints from workers and residents - Recorded and - Daily documented complaints - Signs and speed reduction bumps installed near the - Visual inspection - Weekly site and near residential buildings and farmlands 1 Air quality - Engines of vehicles and other machinery Engineer RBD/PMT 12,000 periodically checked and maintained - Recoded status of - Monthly equipment and vehicles measurements on site (excessive black or white smoke) - Measurements of exhaust emissions (CO, SOx, - Results of exhaust - Measurements NOx, PM10, PM2.5) emissions measurements monthly during implementation period. - Investigate noise complaints from workers and neighboring communities in the affected locations - Recorded and - Weekly inspection - Silencers checked and placement of noise sourced documented complaints of complaints in concealed area - Visual inspection - Weekly - Use of personal protection equipment effective Noise 2 - Measure ambient noise near sensitive receptors - Visual inspection Engineer PMT 6,000 - Daily (dBA) - Noise Measurements - Monthly noise results included in site measurement investigation report Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 39 Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ - Investigate implementation of mitigation measures - Daily and Investigation - Damaged immersed sections removed with care - During execution of this task - Investigate wastewater disposal measures - -Weekly 3 Water - Perform water quality test on water samples taken - Before Site Investigation report Engineer PMT 12,000 resources from the water course beneath the bridge (pH, commencement of TDS, TSS, BOD, COD) work and Monthly - Install litter bins and make sure no wastes are - -Weekly thrown in the lake - Installation of a proper maintenance shelter for - Daily paints and chemicals and observe any oil or fuel spills. - Monitor the filling up machine with oil - During execution of this task - Monitor the oil/grease containers and hazardous - Weekly waste location and disposal - Daily - Monitor the disposal of waste and debris - During execution - Assure the origin of purchased soil is from an of this task 4 Soil authorized quarry Site Investigation report Engineer PMT No cost - Daily - Forbid the operation of machinery outside the - Daily designated area - Observe any soil contamination with oil or fuel - Daily - Observe any accumulation of wastes - Monthly - Monitor the re-planting of any removed tree - Maintain records on waste types and quantities - Waste management - Weekly Solid and contracts with authorized 5 hazardous - Observe any waste accumulation in un approved contractors Engineer PMT No cost wastes locations - Waste delivery receipts - Weekly from local authorities. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 40 Total Receptor Monitoring Activities Monitoring Indicators Frequency Responsibility Supervision estimated Cost in US$ - Check that MSDS for hazardous materials is - Site Investigation report - Weekly available on-site and explained to workers. - Record any observation about wild animals or plants on site or nearby and report to the Flora & Environmental Authority 6 Observation report Upon occurrence Engineer PMT No cost Fauna - Monitor All existing large trees, that are close to or affected by the construction - Monitor Fishing close to the bridge Topography - No monitoring required Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 7 Not applicable and landforms - Ensure speed limits and warning signs are installed - Weekly and in place 8 Traffic Road signs are installed. Engineer PMT No cost - Ensure dangerous goods are transported along - Upon occurrence selected routes - Speed limit and directional signs installed - Personnel trained for health and safety issues - Ensure compliance of workers to Health and Safety requirements and responsibilities assigned - EHS performance; regularly inspected, reviewed Health and 9 and recorded Accidents report Weekly Engineer PMT No cost safety - Monitor the good housekeeping - Maintain log on accidents - Firefighting and safety equipment regularly checked - First aid kit items regularly checked - Ensure that the GRM is effective and well Number of complaints Handling communicated received, analyzed and 10 Weekly Engineer PMT No cost Complaints responded to. Total cost (Operation phase) 30,000 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 41 7.2 ESMP Institutional Arrangements In order to ensure full compliance with the environmental and social requirements which are described above, RBD PMT nominated a consultant to act as the focal point for environmental and social affairs at the central level. On the field level, RBD PMT nominated two engineers to act as environmental and social officers. Those engineers will be trained on monitoring and reporting of environmental and social impacts and how to fill the checklist to be used during field visits before implementation starts. RBD Resident Engineer will be the officially responsible staff member for ensuring environmental and social compliance. S/He will be assisted by the designated environmental and social field officers. In addition, a qualified consultant is recruited by the PMT to provide technical assistance and capacity building to the environmental and social team both at the central level and at the field level. 7.3 Reporting requirements To ensure that the mitigation and monitoring measures are being carried out effectively with the required frequency, a clearly defined and regular (monthly) reporting and response system must be established. All inspection and audit reports of environmental performance should be stored in the Audit and Inspection Manager (AIM) system. The AIM is an electronic database that is used to enable corrective actions identified during the inspection \ auditing process to be recorded, tracked and closed out. The information will be made available to the relevant regulatory authorities as required. In addition to the monitoring and reporting requirements documented in the relevant sections of the ESMP, the following reporting regime will be implemented: • All incidents or accidents during the bridge rehabilitation should be reported immediately to relevant authorities. • All corrective measures must be discussed to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. • Reports for personnel training on environmental issues or emergency practices must be produced. • Progress reports, environmental monitoring report and other inspections reports must be produced periodically. The RBD PMT engineers will provide the Resident Engineer with a weekly report briefing their observations and recommendations for action. Whereas the Resident Engineer shall prepare an environmental and social management progress report on monthly basis to RBD PMT in Baghdad. The environmental and social consultant will prepare a monthly environmental and social supervision report after conducting monthly site supervision visits. RBD PMT shall prepare a quarter environmental and social progress report which will be submitted to the WB for review and disclosure. 7.4 Capacity Development and Resources Requirements 7.4.1 Capacity Development RBD PMT dedicated sufficient human resources to undertake the environmental and social management requirements as explained above. The assigned RBD staff at the central and field levels Al Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 42 are competent in the field of engineering and have variable practical experience. For RBD staff who will be responsible for undertaking the environmental and social tasks, they will require some capacity development. All construction personnel and contractors are required to undertake appropriate environmental training and induction programs including, importantly, on GRM procedures. All managers and supervisors will be responsible for ensuring that personnel under their control have the requisite competencies, skill and training to carry out their assigned tasks in accordance with the requirements of the ESMP. They will also be responsible for identifying additional training and competency requirements. All project supervisors and managers will receive additional detailed training on the use and implementation of the ESMP. The following Table presents the proposed institutional strengthening program and capacity development requirements. Table 12: Capacity Development Requirements for RBD11 Capacity development topic Provider(s) Duration Estimated Cost (US$) Environmental Impact Assessment Private sector 1 Environmental and social Management consultant 3 Days 3,000 in Construction Sites t Iraqi Environmental Legal Ministry of 2 1 Day 2,000 Requirements Environment World Bank Environmental and Social 10,000 Safeguards The World (international travel and 3 2 Days Bank accommodation cost for RBD trainees) Total Estimated Cost $15,000 7.4.2 Required Resources In order to ensure full compliance of the environmental and social requirements, regular site visits should be conducted. Dedicated office spaces, office equipment and supplies in addition to adequate means of transportation should be made available for the environmental and social management team at the central level and most importantly on the field level. RBD PMT should ensure the allocation of sufficient budget resources to ensure availing the required resources to achieve the required tasks. 11 Consolidated training for all RBD/PMT environmental/social field supervisors will be conducted to save on the training costs. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 43 8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS 8.1 Objectives of the Consultations WB policies require that broad and open public consultations be held with PAPs on the project. These consultations are to ensure that the project affected peoples (PAPs) are provided with the opportunity to engage in the rehabilitation planning process, to raise questions and receive input and responses to their concerns. However, due to the current security situation in the project area and taking into utmost consideration the safety of the people as public meetings may be targeted by terrorist, the public meeting approach was not achievable. 8.2 Consultation Process In order to fulfil the WB requirements, a one on one interview was adopted to obtain sound information on the possible impacts on the local communities. Accordingly, a questionnaire was prepared in order to cover the key environmental and social aspects related to the project. The questionnaire was then addressed to vehicle-road users and to the local individuals in the surrounding community randomly to have their opinions and thoughts regarding the rehabilitation activities. The questionnaire was also conducted with women to take their opinions freely. In addition, the translated executive summary of the draft Limited/Simplified ESIA has been published on the RBD’s website to allow for feedback and wider dissemination of information related to the planned activities under this project. 8.3 Findings of the Consultations According to the results revealed from these questioners (Annex 3), the local community individuals agreed that, the rehabilitation activities will have a positive impact on their social daily life. None of the locals expressed any reservations against the project and did not specify any negative impact that might affect him or his family. All locals agreed that the bridge will need some additional safety signs and instructions in order to keep the movement on the bridge within safe conditions. The following are the main findings of the consultation process which took place in September 2016. 1. All questioned locals agreed that the reconstruction activities will have a strong positive impact from the social perspectives on the locals. 2. No claims from any locals were recorded or alleged regarding the ownership of the land were the bridge in constructed; all agreed that is governmental land property. 3. No vegetation covers, crops, plants, trees…etc. will be removed in order to execute the rehabilitation activities of the bridge. 4. No infrastructure within the bridge area will be affected negatively due the reconstruction activities. 5. No deportation, dislocation of any of the local community will be needed due to these activities. 6. The reconstruction of the bridge will enhance the social relationship among the locals, improving their transport. 7. All locals agreed that the bridge will need instructional signs for the bridge users’ safety. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 44 8.4 Distribution of the GRM Forms During individual interviews, information about a grievance mechanism was introduced to interviewed individuals and a translated GRM form was also provided. All interviewed people were informed that they can submit their complaint to either site engineer, or to community leader or to PMT during construction. The community leaders’ information (mobile phone number) and PMT contact information (office and mobile phone numbers) will be available before implementation starts. There will be signs posted at the entrance of the bridges (Refer to Annex 1 for more details). Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 45 9. Grievance Redress Mechanism Bank procedures require that Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRMs) be established and operational prior to commencement of the project, and that they continue to operate for one year following completion of the works for third party settlement of disputes. This GRM should take into account the availability of judicial recourse as well as traditional and community dispute resolution mechanisms. Accordingly, a GRM will be established at the project level to ensure any grievance can be addressed in an amicable manner. Resolving complaints at community level is always encouraged to address the problem that a person may have during implementation and/or operational phase. The project grievance redressed system should be developed in consultation with communities, which might include the following for written complaints: 1. First, the affected person sends his/her grievance in writing to the communities’/community leaders. The grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. Where the affected person is unable to write, s/he should obtain assistance from the community to write the note and mark the letter with his/her thumbprint. The community should respond within 14 days. 2. Second, if the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the solution provided by the community, s/he lodges her or his grievance to PMT which should respond within 14 days. 3. Third, if the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the solution of PMT, s/he can go to the court. In any case, the PMT must maintain records of grievances and complaints, including minutes of discussions, recommendations and resolutions made. The contact information of the designated GRM personnel will be also be posted at the project site for any complaint and redress. 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The ESIA concludes that the proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of Al Sudour Bridge will have an overall significant positive impact on the affected population. The implementation of the recommended mitigation measures especially during the construction phase will ensure that potential negative environmental impacts are addressed. Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 46 ANNEXES Annex (1): Grievance Form Reference No: Full Name My first name_____________________ Note: you can remain anonymous if you prefer My last name_____________________ or request not to disclose your identity to the I wish to raise my grievance anonymously third parties without your consent I request not to disclose my identity without my consent Contact information By Post: Please provide mailing address: Please mark how you wish to be contacted (mail, telephone, e-mail). By Telephone: _______________________ By E-mail ____________________________ Description of Incident or Grievance: What happened? Where did it happen? Who did it happen to? What is the result of the problem? Date of Incident/Grievance One-time incident/grievance (date_______) Happened more than once (how many times? ___) On-going (currently experiencing problem) What would you like to see happen to resolve the problem? Signature: _________ Date: ___________ Please return this form to: [name], ______________[company name] ______________ Address____________: Tel.:______ or E-mail: ____________ Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 47 Annex (2): Site photos Figure 6: Damages of Al Sudour bridge after the attack Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 48 Figure 7: View on Al Sudour bridge taken from Al Sudour Dam Road Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 49 Figure 8: Damaged span in the Bridge Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 50 Annex (3): Individual Interviews Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 51 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 52 Figure 9: Mr Abdulsalam Mohamad signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 53 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 54 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 55 Figure 10: Mrs Atiaf Ibrahim Jiyad signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 56 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 57 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 58 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 59 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 60 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 61 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 62 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 63 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 64 Figure 11: Mrs Jasem, Badih, Nouri and Mohamad during the consultation Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 65 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 66 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 67 Figure 12: Mrs Fatima Matab signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 68 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 69 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 70 Figure 13: Mr. Imad Hosein signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 71 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 72 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 73 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 74 Figure 14: Mrs Khawla Jasem signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 75 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 76 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 77 Figure 15: Mr Mohamad Salman signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 78 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 79 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 80 Figure 16: Mr Salman Adel signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 81 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 82 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 83 Figure 17: Mrs Souhaila Lteif signing the individual consultation document Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 84 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 85 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 86 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 87 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 88 Figure 18: Mrs Zeinab Khamis, Fatima Hosein and Nour Khamis during the consultation Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 89 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 90 Al-Sudour Bridge - Limited ESIA 91