58516
Bank Officials Learn to Make the Most of Media Moments
VOL 4 I NO 4 APRIL 1985
In this issue:
Articles
2 Lit..... C._, Qlllthla. It's not
only what you say, but how you say
it in just a few seconds. Alook at
media training.
, Camera,
I TIle H.1IIa Sce•• MED survey
uncovers staff concerns, notably
by Patricia D. Nepomuceno
about smoking.
8 tile ....' ADM. The Bank's largest
department is making some
noteworthy and notable changes in
communicating with Its employees
and in serving its customers.
15 •lIn at tile nil... The medium is
the message-and. oftentimes. the
medium is a sign.
17 a.dIn .,uk Up. And The
Bank 's 'Norld listens.
18 UIICEF .reJect FICIIII .ft
U .....L Photos record the plight of
the people in Karamoja section of
this African nation.
24 FIbrI H••• at CIII... Care CIa..
Departments
11 On till 1IICIr*
Excerpts from speeches by Attila
Karaosmanoglu and Teruyuki
Ohuchi. Also, atribute to John J.
McCloy.
20 tn........ I ••
21 A.... U.
22 ...He-...
23 LIbr to till EdItIr
24 AI W. I... 'l'1li
COVER: John Fricker "grills" aBank
manager during media training program.
Photo by Giuseppe FranchinI
estions
M ustachioed broadcast media
trainer John Fricker, with the
ticipate on the basis of the high news
value of their areas of responsibility:
Africa, Latin America, Korea, debt,
quick wit and the BBC voice, waits in
"ambush" as The World Bank official population and the World Develop
pretends he has just gotten off a plane ment Report 1985.
after a day's flight from Washington, Participants identified the "am
D.C. He thrusts a microphone into the bush" stand-up interview, also called
Bank official's face, then fires off ques a "snap-shot," as typical of what they
tions in rapid succession. experience in the field, and one that
The bleary-eyed official's answers poses a dilemma: How does one han
provide Mr. Fricker with more ammu dle an abrupt, often ill-informed inter
nition. Some of the questions, touch viewer while seizing the rare opportu
ing on everything from Bank finances nity to get across the Bank's message
to developing countries' defense bud to an audience of thousands or mil
gets, are perfectly legitimate; some are lions-and remain calm and poised
not really questions but are well-worn through it all?
rhetorical phrases and generaliza
Not All Adversarlal
tions.
Though the grilling seems intermin Fortunately, not all television situ
able, it is over in three minutes. And ations are as blatantly adversarial as
in the nature of television, those few the "ambush" interview. And so train
minutes-more likely seconds in the er John Fricker, with the help of Matt
real world by the time the tape is Minahan, coordinator of the course
edited in the news room-have left the for the Management Development
viewer with an indelible impression of program, painstakingly recreated oth
the institution the official represents. er equally important television envi
At a makeshift television station ronments that the Bank managers
studio in the R building in early were likely to encounter.
March, 16 Bank managers went One setting was a cozy-though still
through the first "Improving Media provocative-one-on-one chat in the
Interaction Skills" course sponsored controlled environment of a television
by the Staff Training Division, Per studio, similar to William Buckley's
sonnel Management Department. "Firing Line." Another was the
Vice presidents, directors, division "down-the-line" interview, where the
chiefs, and economists-a group of interviewee, aided by earphones, talks
four a day-had been invited to par- to but does not actually see the inter
viewer who is in a separate studio.
A one-on-one studio interview with trainer John This is often the format of ABC's
Fricker provides Andrew Steer (left), a member
of the WDR '85 team, a head start on preparing "Nightline" and PBS' "McNeil
for the Report's July publication date. Lehrer Newshour." Some participants
Photo by Lynn Mazur
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 3
also tried the panel discussion, along In fact, he adds, "Without being Mr. Fricker, however, didn't have
the lines of NBC's "Meet the Press." condescending, think of the television to do all the teaching. The participants
To everybody's surprise, most of viewer as a bright 12- or 13-year-old; may have been wary in the beginning
the participants had made a recent according to several studies that ex of the idea of being judged by their
· f television appearance of one sort or perts in the industry have done, this is peers, but, "it was interesting to ob
another-underlining the fact that it the average level of awareness of a serve as the day progressed," he says,
was more than a whim that led the television audience." "how they were identifying for them
Staff Training Division and the Infor At the same time, he continues, selves the key areas in which they
mation and Public Affairs Depart , "When you're in front of a camera, needed to do better, without my hav
ment to initiate the course. you shouldn't pitch your delivery to ing to make a formal presentation of
Mr. Minahan, who for several years millions of people, but to two or three do's and don'ts." They shared horror
was a radio and television newscaster people in a living room. The moment stories as well as moments when they
in Connecticut, says, however, that did themselves and the institution
"before this, very few of the partici proud. They suggested answers that
pants had had a chance to see them could have been phrased differently.
selves on the screen. Their previous They saw how, even when they found
interviews-often done in connection 'Be simple, be themselves stumped, they could still
with official travel and conferences subtly weave their message into their
overseas- were usually live." direct, be natural, response. And they realized how im
portant it was to keep on top of issues
Capturing Every Twitch
be positive, and that didn't necessarily fall under their
Much like hearing one's voice on domain.
tape for the first time, watching one's get the message Media Blitz
image on television can be an unset
tling revelation. "There is no substi across in terms the Nancy Birdsall, Staff Director of
World Development Report 1984, can't
tute for seeing yourself," maintains
Mr. Fricker. The camera captures ev
ery twitch, and every shift of the eye,
viewer can say enough about how earlier training
by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in
but at the same time it is the mind that handle.' television interview techniques served
her and the WDR '84 team in good
is truly "telegenic." Therein lies the
heart of the course: Following the tap -Fricker stead during the media blitz on the
ing of each television format, the four WDR last summer and fall.
participants of the day gather around "I came in cold to the U.S. Cham
the television monitor to watch play ber of Commerce television training
backs of individual and group perfor studios," she recalls, "and the first
mances. The participant receives in thing the interviewer asked me was:
formal and constructive feedback the thought takes possession of you "'Why are you playing God?'
from three different sources-John that you are speaking to-or for the "'I am not playing God,' I replied
Fricker, the three colleagues, and his benefit of-masses, a note will creep defensively. Then I paused. Well, that
own severest critic: himself. into your voice which will destroy was exactly what I shouldn't have
By the time the course was over, your natural friendliness, and some done. What I said after that could
almost all the participants rated Mr. thing of your power to interest." have been cut out. So one of the first
Fricker "excellent" not only as an in Aware that the multicultural factor things I learned and one that had a
structor but also as an interviewer. is important to the 16 participants, lasting impact on me was: Never, nev
Yet, to observe Mr. Fricker energeti Mr. Fricker, who has trained execu er simply deny. The audience just re
cally go through his routine, there is tives all over the world, reminds them members the buzz words-in this case,
no mystique, no Madison Avenue that "you can expect to be handled 'playing God.' I missed a rare chance
type packaging behind his method. differently depending on where you to get my message across, and I lost
"Be simple, be direct, be natural, be are. Contrary to what most people valuable time."
positive, and get the message across in would think, culture doesn't necessar The WDR '84, with its theme of
terms which the viewer can handle," ily dictate the kind of television a "Population Change and Develop
Mr. Fricker says. "Jargon just won't country has. Australian and Dutch ment," became one of the Bank's most
do for outside. Jargon confuses an TV are fairly aggressive. Japanese and publicized reports in recent years, and
audience. A confused audience be German TV are polite and tend to Ms. Birdsall found herself making the
comes a hostile audience. A hostile treat interviewees with kid gloves. The rounds of the talk show circuit. Any
audience switches off." U.K. can often be penetrating." one who heard her sparring with com
4 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
bative conservative columnist Pat and weakens traditional community swers and in-depth critiques on indi
Buchanan (now the White House Di values?" vidual strengths and weaknesses. For
rector of Communications) on WRC Says Mr. Fricker: "These sorts of the WDR '85 team, headed by Francis
radio would rate Ms. Birdsall's perfor issues hit at the heart, unlike matters Colaco, the one-day training set in
mance very good indeed. like debt and capital flows which hit at motion the process of thinking
In fact, Mr. Fricker says, his "dirty the head. People can understand emo through a public relations approach
questions" on population during the tive issues. We've all got a view on before the Report's July publication
"ambush" interviews seemed to fluster these things." date. The team foresees visits to the R
participants the most, underlining the Based on their favorable response building training studio to "top off"
difference that preparation and train toward "Improving Media Interac interview skills.
ing had made in Ms. Birdsall's perfor tion Skills," the first group of partici Bill Brannigan, a former broadcast
mance. pants would agree with Nancy Bird journalist and now responsible for
John Fricker's line of questioning sall when she says, "We in the Bank IPA's press relations with the elec
was not far off the mark from Pat are experts and are experienced in tronic news media, sees "Improving
Buchanan's: many specialized areas, but our work Media Interaction Skills" as clear rec
"Why do you support family plan ing life is not geared toward commu ognition by the Bank of the power of
ning which in most cases is a transpar nicating. It helped to spend a few the television medium to mold public
ent euphemism for murder-abortion, hours seriously thinking about how to opinion. "The usual television format
the pill and IUDs which are abortive convey a message." is not an easy one in which to address
devices themselves?" Now that they are more educated a complex subject such as develop
"How does The World Bank pro about "style," "process," and televi ment. But the television format isn't
tect family values and morality when sion technology, many of the partici likely to change. If we want to reach
it is well known that easy access to pants would like a follow-up session the television news audiences, we sim
contraceptives increases promiscuity focusing on content analysis of an ply have to adapt to television." II
How to Prepare for an Interview
John Fricker chose the television you feel are important. Some peo viewer's hands. A composed smile
format for the media skills course ple have become expert in answer and a snappy, intelligent remark
because "it's the most demanding ing their own questions; i.e., those can often set this type of inter
and the most difficult." But par which were not asked. It takes viewer back a pace.
ticipa nts found that many of the nerve, but it ensures a construc • A sense of humor is a great
techniques can just as easily be tive presentation of their own asset, and a quick, amusing inci
applied in radio and newspaper ideas. dent recalled helps keep the view
interviews, press conferences, and • Avoid the temptation of put ers' interest alive.
presentations to small and large ting a difficult question into per Finally, here's one that works
groups. spective by an involved exposition for Anthony Churchill, Director
Here are are some pointers of the background of the prob of the Wa ter Supply and Urban
from Mr. Fricker: lem. The interviewer is likely to Development Department: "Al
• Know your audience. interrupt. A short, blunt repudia ways think in terms of bumper
• Write down about six points tion immediately followed by a stickers-that is, a quotable
you would like to make in the brief firm opinion is usually the quote." He recalls how he once
interview.Then write down six most profitable way of dealing got a point across in a television
questions you think are most like with this situation. Soften the interview by quoting the late U.S.
ly to be asked. Plan concise an blow with a smile. Senator and Vice President Hu
swers. Try to convey your conclu • Stick to the subject. Don't bert Humphrey when he re
sion right at the start. Think of a allow yourself to be drawn into marked in a Senate debate on for
brief phrase for your closing re comments that really don't have eign aid: " We're talking about a
ma rks, one summarizing your at much to do with the institution sum of money that is less than .,
titude in a memorable way. and the topic at hand. what the United States of Ameri
• Try to a nswer what you are • Never, ever lose your temper; ca spends a year on chewing
asked, but also make the points this merely plays into the inter- gum:' •
J ·
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 5
MED Survey Pinpoints Staff Concerns
· l
T e ealt
Scene
by Alan Drattell
"The Bank has a 'contract' with
its employees," says Dr.
ommendations about private physi
cians in the Washington, D.C., region.
(IC) of the new Periodic Health Assess
ment Program will play in a personal
Andre Lebrun, Medical Director, "to "Of concern to me is that 31 % of staff contact between staff members and
provide good medical care." members and 19% of spouses do not Bank physicians who are aware of the
In line with this agreement, the have a personal physician," says Dr. health risks overseas."
Medical Department recently con Lebrun. "We have a medical directo Another area of concern that
ducted a health survey, which Dr. Le ry. All people have to do is to call emerged in the survey regarded travel.
brun says was "a big success." either the Health Room (Ext. 75394) "Some people said the 90-day travel
"We had 3,312 responses, and I or the Medical Assistance Unit (Ext. rule per year should be enforced," says
must admit we were not expecting it. 74825), and we will give them a num Dr. Lebrun. "Clearly, the employee
The large response shows that em ber of names so that they will have a and his or her manager must agree on
ployees are very much concerned choice. the number of travel days; it is not up
about health problems." "Up until now, we have not had a to the Medical Department. But the
One interesting aspect of the survey good feedback system; in other words, employee's manager must be aware of
is that staff did not have to include is the doctor recommended satisfacto the stress of travel, not only to the
their names, but many of them did, ry or not? Unfortunately, we will have traveler but to his or her family."
and Dr. Lebrun and his people con to introduce a new form to gather this
Rule of Thumb
tacted those who had indicated health information-whether the person was
problems that could have been seri well treated by the physician, etc. Treatment in the Health Room also
ous. but the result will be data that will concerns staff. "We cannot give treat
help the staff. ment in the Health Room," Dr. Le
Foremost Is Smoking brun says, "because this is a preven
"In another area of health, it is
tive medicine clinic, not a curative
The survey has uncovered a number surprising to see that 38% of people
one. The Health Room is going to
of staff concerns. Foremost, perhaps, living and traveling in malarial areas
take care of anything which is light or
is smoking. say they are not exposed or do not
serious, but nothing which is 'medium
"A partial count," Dr. Lebrun says, know whether they are exposed to the
serious.' This is about the rule of
"indicates that only 22% of the res disease. This number climbs to 66%,
thumb.
pondents smoke, 290/0 once smoked, 69% and 790/0, respectively, for schis
"In other words, you can come to
and 49% never smoked. Eighty-three tosomiasis (parasitic worms), trypa
the Health Room for a headache, a
percent of the respondents want nosomiasis (sleeping sickness), and
sore throat, because you are nauseous.
smoking restrictions in eating areas, onchoceriasis (river blindness)."
We are going to take care of that. If
74% want restrictions in conference you're having a heart attack, we can
rooms, and 650/0 want them in large Health Information
take care of that by initiating treat
office areas. So, smoking is really a "All of this strongly suggests a need ment and calling for an ambulance.
problem in the Bank." for a more intensive program of health But if you have rheumatism or some
Dr. Lebrun feels the figures give information through booklets, pam other long-term illness, we are not
MED a mandate to propose changes phlets, and various educational presen going to treat it. If you are diabetic
in the smoking scene in the Bank. tations under our health promotion and have an attack, we will take care
Another area of interest that program. It also suggests the impor of your attack, but we won't treat
emerged in the survey regarded rec tance that the Interim Consultation your diabetes because that involves
6 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
long-term treatment and a long-term
relationship with a physician."
Dr. Lebrun notes that there are also
complaints about environmental con
ditions in the Bank. "People are con
cerned about the VDTs (visual display
terminals). All studies, I can assure
you, are unequivocal; they say there is
no evidence of risk from ionizing ra
diation to pregnant women or anyone
else. However, there are problems
such as eye fatigue, muscle strain, etc.
We are studying the VDTs further, as
well as the whole subject of ergonom
ics (the interaction of people with their
work environment)."
Controversial Questions
Dr. Lebrun says that some of the
questions in the health survey were
controversial, particularly the one
asking the staff member for his or her
ethnic background. "I put that ques
tion in purposefully," he explains.
"My idea of using the word 'ethnic'
was to see how people in the Bank
perceived themselves. And sure
enough I got some very interesting
answers: About 150 ethnic groups.
Some people were poking fun at me,
of course.
"But ethnic group from a medical
standpoint is extremely important. It
has to do with genetic makeup as well
as with a way oflife and cultural
background. For example, some dis
eases are peculiar to different groups;
sickle-cell anemia is found primarily
among blacks, Tay-Sachs disease
among Jews, emphysema among Cau
casians, etc. " II
THE BANK 'S WORLD / APRIL 1985 7
Special Project Helps Oepa
Its Ways for Its Employees
T e 'New'
by Alan Drattell
A DM is changing.
There's a different attitude and
feeling among most of the 523 staff
who work in the Administrative
Services Department. And some
people outside ADM may
have noticed a difference,
too, and may be wondering
what's happening.
The changes are the
result of what is known
as the ADM Strengthening
Project, a program aimed at building
on the department's existing strengths
as an organization, according to Wil
liam Cosgrove, ADM's Director. Mr.
Cosgrove invited The Bank's Worldto
look at what ADM is doing.
The Project is a formidable one be
cause the department provides 69 dif
ferent services to Bank and IFC staff.
Those services include everything
from custodial care to delivering the
mail to every conceivable type of sup the project off the ground. OPD's 1981 were basically the same as 1961.
port most of us take for granted. Langseth and Sam Niedzviecki are I had been in the department then
providing ongoing consulting assis about a year (he had moved to ADM
Subject of a Book tance. from a division chief post in the West
What Mr. Cosgrove and his people In late 1981, Mr. Cosgrove received ern Africa Regional Office), and as I
have done is the subject of a book a brochure about a course at Harvard went around the department, I heard
published in February. Jack Mossop University designed to help managers all kinds of suggestions from staff. I
of the Personnel Management De make organizational changes. "The came to the conclusion that the main
partment and Petter Langseth of the course required that the line manager thing I wanted to do was open up the
Organization Planning Department and his personnel officer, with the ap channels of communication and get all
teamed with a George Washington proval of their company's senior man staff involved in the work of our de
University professor, Gordon L. Lip agement, attend. You had to take partment. We had a lot of talent that
pitt, to write "Implementing Organi your problem with you and work out wasn't being used to anywhere near its
zational Change." Subtitled, "A Prac a solution with the aid of your class potential.
tical Guide to Managing Change mates." "One of the things I wanted to ac
Efforts," the book talks about organi Mr. Cosgrove, then the Deputy Di complish was to get those who worked
zational change generally and ADM's rector in ADM, felt the department in the department to feel they worked
project specifically. was doing a lot of things the way it in ADM; many did not see the divi
"It's a 'warts and all' candidness," had been doing them for a long time. sion/department link. And I wanted to
say the authors. Mr. Mossop, in fact, "ADM had grown very fast," he says. change the attitude some people had
teamed up with Mr. Cosgrove to get "The services we were providing in toward our customers. I asked myself,
8 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
'what can we do to provide better, ment a participative philosophy, even
more efficient service?' The answer: though such a management style was
develop a service philosophy. Our not typical of the department. The
people in ADM had to be encouraged feeling was that all employees in Photos by Steve Weber
to provide better service, and only ADM should be involved in identify
they know how to do it." ing needs and concerns as well as in
A tall order: changing attitudes electing their own task forces to work task force (meetings), some supervisor
among a lot of people who for a long on the issues raised in their own divi who threatened you before suddenly
time admittedly felt put upon by their sions. " became your equal. I felt the task
managers and taken for granted by In only one case was a division chief force was a great effort, an effective
their customers. chosen to head a task force. tool. "
"You had a shop that had to be put The task forces made 495 sugges
in order," Mr. Mossop says. "'The Apathy, Interest, Dedication
tions for change. Some suggestions
Bank is living in a changing environ Elizabeth (Betty) Dvorscak, Chief pinpointed management-staff prob
ment, and what ADM did is a good of the Publications and Composition lems.
example of how one department re Unit in the Printing and Graphics Di "I told the managers that what was
sponded and implemented change." vision, served on a task force. "I got a in the Bank booklet, 'Managing Peo
better perspective of what was going pie,' was the way we should be man
People Like Change on," she recalls. "I found it interesting aging ADM staff," says Mr. Cosgrove
In their book, Messrs. Mossop, from the aspect of human behavior about his style and philosophy of
Langseth and Lippitt note that "re how people viewed their own jobs, for management. "Being a manager
search shows that people can change instance, and the difficulty they have means automatically getting work
and be changed; in fact, people like performing those jobs without a clear done through people and providing
change. What they resist are the meth picture of what's going on. I observed them with the opportunity and re
ods managers use to cope with unex the entire gamut of emotions, apathy sources to do the job, and then having
pected events or to put new ideas into as well as interest and dedication. I the confidence in them to do their
effect. The choice available to manag think I had a high degree of interest. jobs. Of course, you must also be pre
ers today is between planning change "It was a very difficult process. And pared to act when people are not do
and stonewalling until change is it's taking a lot longer to accomplish ing their jobs. The focus is on each
forced by events." (its goals) than I think staff thought it employee in the department-on
Mr. Cosgrove went ahead with would. It was something that had to those who provide the services and
planned change. At the heart of the be done, and nobody knew what the know best how to do their jobs."
swirl of activity that followed his re consequences would be when we start
turn from the three-week course at ed out." Not All Could Change
Harvard (there was a one-week fol For Joe Mansy, a Cameraman in Sadly, not all managers could
low-up several months later) was es the Print Shop, the same task force change, but for those who did and for
tablishment of divisional task forces. was an enlightening experience. "For much of ADM staff, the rewards were
Again from the book: "It was deter the first time," he says, "we were able great in terms of job fulfillment.
mined that the ADM project should to effectively address management Mr. Cosgrove initiated a numbe_ r of .t
demonstrate on the part of manage without fear of reprisal. During the ways to open communications be-
THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1985 9
tween management and staff. He meetings are participatory. "People member, who transferred to ADM
started an ADM newsletter, once-a get the opportunity to say things at less than a year ago, says that she saw
month coffees, and one-hour sessions these meetings that they were afraid to the improvement in ADM before she
twice a week when any ADM staff say before," says Douglas Shimmons, came to the department. "Messengers
member can bring a problem or com a Communcations Assistant in the and others are very prompt in re
plaint directly to him. "I don't get too Cable Office. sponding to requests. As far as people
many people coming in," he says, "We wanted better communica here are concerned, they're prouder of
"and I think that's because some may tions," says Mickey Yolles, a Staff what they're doing."
still feel uncomfortable about coming Assistant in the Personnel Programs "People in ADM want to be appre
in. And then I think that some people Unit in the Director's Office. "But ciated by other Bank people," adds
feel that I'm so busy I don't have the how do you do it? So, we set up Sheila McAllister, Incoming Mail
time. I appreciate their concern, but departmental meetings on an as need Clerk, Mail and Distribution Unit.
no one has ever been turned away." ed basis. People could get up and "When people come into the Bank,
talk-that's the first positive thing. they are told nothing about our floor
A Microwave Oven Some still need confidence to get up (first floor of the E and F buildings)
The task forces pinpointed the need and talk, but we're getting there." how to use the telephone, mainte
for small, as well as large, changes. nance, how to use ADM services, how
For instance, in offices where people to send mail out at cheapest cost."
work around-the-clock, staff had no Joe Mansy of the Print Shop sees
coffee shop or cafeteria to use late at more cost-consciousness on the part
night for a hot meal. So, ADM in of ADM staff as a result of the
stalled a microwave oven in the Cable
'People in ADM want strengthening project. "Before, it was
Office. to be appreciated by the Bank could afford anything."
And, ADM's front office staff told
Mr. Cosgrove they wanted to be kept other Bank people.' Services Will Be Pared
informed of any changes made in the Some changes are still ahead. For
department before staff are notified instance, a recent consultant's study
through circulars. Mr. Cosgrove recommended that some of the work
agreed. ADM is doing in-house could be done
Suggestion boxes were set up in sev Frustrations, however, persist. outside for less. As a result, the size of
eral ADM units, and while they were "There's still a tendency to have ev the Print Shop and other ADM ser
not heavily used, they did provide staff erything reviewed at all levels; there's vices will be pared, and the depart
with an added sense that their sugges not enough confidence in letting peo ment is currently trying to place Print
tions and ideas were welcome. ple make decisions," says Glenn Mor Shop employees and others elsewhere
A number of major changes came gan, a Cartographer in Cartography. in the department and the Bank. But
from the task forces, too, including Another staff member, who asked the process is proving long and ar
the dumping of AERs. "Our people not to have her name used, says that duous for a number of employees,
were unhappy with the AER pro some things are still being "imposed" who say the uncertainties of what will
cess," Mr. Cosgrove says, "so we vol on ADM. "But it's the way the Bank eventually happen to them are under
unteered ADM to become a pilot for operates," she laments. "We were told mining their work.
the new Bank-wide PPR. This is the we were going on chargeback July 1, Mr. Cosgrove says he is concerned
first year we are using it. We provided but nobody asked us. We don't have a too, but that in an institution as
training for our supervisors and man billing unit, for instance." unique and as large as the Bank, im
agers to use the new process." Mr. Cosgrove acknowledges that plementation of some changes takes
Training, in general, was a big some frustrations persist, but not all longer than it may take elsewhere.
change to come from the strengthen problems or concerns could be solved One of the things that prompted
ing project. There were courses for or addressed to the satisfaction of ev initiation of the strengthening exercise
managers on how to manage, English eryone. He notes, though, that the was a poem that suddenly appeared
language classes to help staff members feedback he is getting from both on a bulletin board somewhere in
improve their use of the Bank's work ADM and non-ADM staff is, in gen ADM. The author is unknown, but
ing language in writing and speaking, eral, positive. "At one time," he says, the poem was about the unwilling do
and specialized writing workshops. "we only got memos of complaints. ing the impossible for the ungrateful.
Even though most of the task forces For every complaint we get now, we Mr. Cosgrove, other managers, and
have completed their work, more divi get 20 notes praising ADM staff or many staff in ADM feel that the con
sion and department meetings are tak citing special services." tents of that poem are no longer
ing place than ever before, and these One Records Management staff applicable. II
10 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
OntheRecar,~~ ____________________ ~
'The World Bank and Cofinancing'
Teruyuki Ohuchi
Teruyuki Ohuchi, Vice President, Cojinancing, last month the past has been large, the number of projects has been
discussed liThe World Bank and Cojinancing" at a seminar rather limited. In about 15 cases a year, we finance projects
on cojinancing held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia. Here are together with export credit agencies, and in some of these
excerpts from his remarks: cases there is little or no direct contact or link between the
Bank and the export credit agency. Export credit flows
F or the poorest countries that cannot seek capital on
market terms, the main sources of cofinancing continue
to be the bilateral and multilateral official sources that can
have recently been constrained by uncertainties surround
ing many borrowers' creditworthiness, as well as by cut
backs in investment programs. We have, therefore, under
provide funding on concessionary terms. In looking at our taken a review of ways of improving our association with
association with these sources, The World Bank sees three export credit agencies. The main findings are:
main aspects as particularly important in today's environ • The World Bank should playa more active coordina
ment. tion role, particularly in respect of the cover needed to
• First, coordination of operations among the various support the recovery programs in highly indebted countries.
agencies active in a particular country or region may be just • "Parallel financing," whereby we each finance separate
as important, or even more important, than getting together contracts under separate procurement arrangements, is
in the financing plan for a specific investment. Coordination likely to continue to be the predominant mode of cofinanc
in this context means trying to reach a common understand ing.
ing with a borrower and other agencies on investment
priorities and on the institutional and policy changes needed Export Credit Finance
to ensure that the economic setting is conducive to the • However, more situations should be recognized and
success of those investments. created where World Bank finance can be associated direct
• Second, agreement must be reached on how to share ly with export credit finance in funding the same contract.
responsibilities among official cofinanciers in a country's The share to be financed by the Bank could range from a
development program and in carrying out specific projects. relatively small proportion (to cover a down payment) to a
• Third, the increasing practice of "tying" aid must be much larger share under joint financing arrangements.
handled in an appropriate and equitable manner. • Other techniques, including participation sales and the
use of The World Bank's guarantee power, should be
Every Opportunity Examined explored further.
In view of the disappointing level ofthe seventh replen Given the prevailing economic environment and the con
ishment ofIDA, every opportunity is being examined to sequent reduced flow of private capital to developing coun
channel, through cofinancing, funds needed to maintain tries, a major objective of cofinancing with commercial
high priority investments of the type supported by IDA. A banks is to reinstate and stabilize the flow ofcommercial
program of active contacts with official donors is currently funds to these affected nations. The international financial
being carried out by the Bank, and a growing number of community, including the IMF, has come together to pro
framework agreements are being entered into with donor vide short-term solutions to the immediate debt crises faced
countries, where bilateral development funds are specifical by developing countries. The Bank itself has been empha
ly being set aside for cofinancing with The World Bank. sizing more quick-disbursing loans. These measures, how
For those countries that with reasonable economic man ever, need to be supplemented with greater efforts to ensure
agement can borrow on market or market-related terms, the continual flow of commercial funds over the medium
the external sources of finance with which The World Bank and long-term to support high priority investments.
must associate are export credit agencies and commercial The World Bank's traditional form of cofinancing with
bank lenders. commercial banks in the early 1970s consisted initially of
While the volume of cofinancings with export credits in parallel but unconnected loans extended by the private
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 11
sector for World Bank-assisted projects. Later, additional overall economic decline of the region is accompanied by
commercial funds were mobilized through parallel, but critical food shortages, the Bank recently raised more than
more closely related, loans with a formal link to The World $1 billion for a Special Facility. The effort to create this
Bank's own loans through cross-default clauses and memo Special Facility for Sub-Saharan Africa was widely sup
randa of understanding. But by the early 1980s, these types ported by many donor countries, and the Bank is much
of commercial cofinancings were no longer sufficiently at encouraged by such widespread support.
tractive to borrowers or commercial banks to mobilize the Also, export credits may have to playa relatively greater
necessary capital flows. part in flows to developing countries in future years. To
We are, at the moment, in the middle of a trial program make this possible, we consider it important that govern
of new instruments designed to increase cofinancing with ments should encourage these agencies to maintain or
commercial banks called the B-loan program. The instru extend their cover to highly indebted countries. We hope
ments under the program involve three options: The World that in these and other countries, closer coordination and
Bank may take a share in the commercial loan either with cofinancing with The World Bank would encourage the
a direct financial participation, by guaranteeing a part of provision of additional export credit cover.
the commercial loan, or by accepting a contingent obliga As we advance in the B-loan program, we hope to see if
tion. there is scope for more extensive use of the Bank's guaran
* * * tee powers. We are prepared to adopt the techniques of sub
participations, successfully practiced by the Inter-American
What is the outlook for Bank cofinancing? Development Bank (lOB), if the demand arises. We are also
In an environment which is continually changing, The prepared to associate our cofinancing instruments with
World Bank is prepared to put into place new measures and "new money" provided in the context of rescheduling pack
fine tune existing ones. This would help us respond to ages, as we have done in one case so far in Brazil. There
changing needs in a timely manner and to maximize the may be a monitoring role for The World Bank in countries
catalytic role of the Bank in securing flows of capital from where medium- and long-term adjustment programs are
all available sources for high priority development projects. required.
Given the budgetary constraints on concessionary aid. In considering various solutions. we need above all to be
our efforts will realistically have to focus on maintaining in constant touch with borrowers, co-lenders, and other
official cofinancing at current or higher levels and on chan institutions concerned with development, to be able to
neling official resources more efficiently and effectively. contribute to a successful development process in our bor
For instance, for Sub-Saharan Africa, where the serious rowing member countries. II
John J. McCloy: 90th Birthday
Mr. Clausen joined The World Bank that he fully appreci
J ohn J. McCloy, the Bank's second President, recently
celebrated his 90th birthday at a dinner in his honor in
New York City. The Bank's present Chief Executive, A. W.
ated the importance ofMr. McCloy's accomplishments
during his Presidency of our organization which began 38
Clausen, was among the guests attending. years ago on March 17, 1947. A Brookings Institution study
Mr. McCloy saw distinguished action as a U.S. Army summarizes his achievements:
field artillery captain in World War I, and in World War II "The Bank was at its lowest ebb, its reputation consider
occupied high office as Assistant Secretary of War. He was ably tarnished, its accomplishments nil, and its problems
U.S. High Commissioner in Germany when the Federal mounting ... fortunately, McCloy had a magnetic person
Republic came into being in 1949, guiding the infant gov ality and was quick to win the respect and confidence of
ernment through its earliest years. He was Chairman of the colleagues ... under his guidance the Bank was rescued
Ford Foundation for 12 years and, for even longer, a from its state of suspended animation. It sold its first bonds
statesman and counselor to U.S. administrations on disar and made its first loans."
mament. Well, that's all history now, but it is a lasting reminder to
In reminiscing about Jack McCloy, Mr. Clausen re our institution, and to the world community we now serve,
marked that he first got to know him when Jack became that thanks to John J. McCloy "mighty things from small
Chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank. But it was not until beginnings grow." II
12 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
~.-.
~ "'r
..
The Economies of East Asia
Attila Karaosmanoglu
Attila Karaosmanoglu, Vice President ofthe East Asia and ments and quality of the program. Some countries, Korea
Pacific Regional Office, recently addressed the Harvard Club for example, managed the adjustment process quickly and
ofthe Philippines in Manila. He talked about the economies smoothly, whereas Thailand. Malaysia and Indonesia still
ofEast Asia and what The World Bank is doing to respond feel the heavy burdens of the recession. The Philippines,
to changing circumstances and to assist in the structural after some encouraging developments, fell into the worst
adjustment process, with particular reference to the Philip economic crisis of its history.
pines. Here are excerpts from his remarks: While there was considerable diversity among the coun
tries which have adjusted their economies to changing
A fter the grueling difficulties of the global recession in
the early 1980s, we are fortunately witnessing a tum
world conditions, there are several patterns of economic
policy and performance which the more successful countries
for the better in the world economy. But the future remains share in common.
uncertain. Problems that are only now being brought under The most prominent feature has been the rapid growth
control could, once again, erupt if the economies of the of manufactured exports. This success has been possible
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and De largely because of policies which foster competitive ex
velopment) countries should falter over the next years. change rates and low import restrictions. A second feature
Although it is difficult to quantify, the rise of protection is rapid expansion of agricultural production. This has been
ist practices and sentiments is perhaps the most important made possible by governments which have provided appro
factor regarding the future of the world economy. Protec priate incentives and prices and have also been willing to
tionism has harmed the developing countries at all levels of make investments in irrigation, research, extension and
development because it has affected areas as diverse as rural development. A third feature is investment. On aver
agricultural products to textiles to advanced manufactures. age, investment in these countries has been equivalent to a
This has particularly affected the exporters of manufactures quarter of their income, with the bulk coming from domes
who must compete with the industrialized countries for a tic savings. Again, the governments have encouraged sav
limited market. ings through positive real interest rates and incentives to
stimulate private investment. These countries have also
The Worst of the Crisis Is Over
invested substantial resources in their people through
Although no marked recovery is in sight for the Sub strong programs of public education.
Saharan African countries and a few more advanced econ
omies. such as the Philippines, which are still caught up in The Successful Countries
severe financial troubles, for many semi-industrialized [n sum, the successful countries responded quickly to the
countries the worst oftbe crisis is over. Indeed. the East need for adjustment and relied heavily on market forces
Asia region, except the Philippines, has once more regained with selective and effective state intervention.
its remarkable dynamism. Even for the East Asia region, however, the future holds
Over the past few decades, several countries have promise of continued economic uncertainty. It has become
achieved outstanding performances and are now used as clear that weathering the storms of the past decade cannot
models. Japan's success has been well chronicled, but re alone offset the basic underlying fragility of these economies
cently some of the other countries have managed to capture in an increasingly interdependent world. We have become
elements of this success. Singapore and Korea have turned aware that structural adjustment has to be seen as a contin
in outstanding performances, and Thailand and Malaysia uous process of adapting to changing circumstances and not
have performed at consistently respectable levels. Now as a one-shot affair. The case of the Philippines, which was
China has joined the group of high achievers, although it is driven into the present financial crisis after making some
in a category by itself. progress in the early 1980s toward adjustment, is a revealing
Many of the countries suffered from the oil shocks and example.
the recession that followed. The recovery process of each Here are some of my observations regarding the chal
t •
country varied, depending largely on the timing of adjust- lenges inherent in a longer-term adjustment and growth
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 13
strategy that may also provide a backdrop to the discussion Bank's role is to advise governments on the adequacy of the
of the current problems of the Philippines: policies selected. The Bank does not define the basic objec
• Fluctuations in the growth of world trade and the tives of a country nor does it try to impose its will upon the
sharpening competition among a growing number of coun governments. But also support is not automatic. The
tries for larger shares in increasingly protected markets will Bank's responsibility is to share with the government its
pose problems. candid assessment of the merits and pr~blems of a chosen
• Maintaining export competitiveness through exchange set of policies. Bank support is provided only when sound
rate policies and low import restrictions is, of course, policies have been chosen and implemented and projects
essential to building up an export-oriented industrial base. have a satisfactory rate of return.
• A high rate of investment can serve to ensure, as it has And now, let me turn to the Philippines.
in the past, that technological progress, industrial diversifi As you are fully aware, the Philippines has experienced
cation and the growth of industrial capacity will not slack its most severe economic and financial crisis over the past
en. few years, with GDP (Gross Domestic Product) turning
• Strong incentives for domestic savings could, aside negative for the first time in decades. In recent years, the
from supporting the export drive, minimize an excessive Philippine economy has had to weather a number of adverse
reliance on external capital. exogenous developments: oil price increases in 1979-80, a
• Finally, the ability to adjust rapidly acquires a prem deterioration of the terms of trade, a depressed demand for
ium. A nation that draws its economic momentum from exports, the international debt crisis and a host of natural
trade must promote flexibility of factor markets so that disasters. These factors, combined with expansionary de
resources can quickly be shifted to the most promising mand policies and a reliance on short-term borrowing, led
subsectors. Increasing domestic value added is another to an excessively high debt service burden and to an unsus
major plus. The challenge is to strike the correct balance in tainable current account deficit. The external factors, pri
making adjustments in the economy. marily the loss in the terms of trade, were largely responsi
ble for the increase in the current account deficit. However,
Changing Economic Situation domestic policy variables coupled with structural weakness
How has the Bank responded to the changing world es contributed heavily to the economic crises. The situation
economic situation? came to a head in October 1983 with the government's
Although focusing its operations primarily on investment request for a moratorium on principal repayments of some
finance, the Bank has always been concerned with the external debt.
economic policies of its member countries. Not only is this
An Agenda of Policy Reforms
part of the Bank's mandate, but it is clear that few projects
would make sense under inappropriate general economic However, the situation seems to be under control. The
policies. Philippine Government has responded to the crisis and has
In recent years, this policy focus has intensified. In part, prepared an agenda of policy reforms designed to reduce
this evolution reflected the growing awareness of the com the public sector deficit and to normalize the external
plexity of the development process. But perhaps more payments situation. This agenda will be the basis for the
significantly, the need for major adjustments by the devel economic stabilization and recovery program. A financial
oping countries has grown rapidly and the complexity of plan is now in place. The government has concluded a
the adjustments has magnified. Inadequate policy environ standby agreement with the IMF and it has made arrange
ments, which were tolerable in the past, have become ments to reschedule official and private debt and to provide
unsustainable in current circumstances. Therefore, the new commercial financing.
Bank has felt the need to place emphasis on policy and It is not easy to carry out a recovery program. The cost
institutional reforms, not only at the project level, but also to society of postponing lhe adjustment effort, however, can
at the sector and economy-wide levels. This represents the be even higher. As the government's policy agenda empha
Bank's own effort at adjustment to the current difficult sizes. the prospects for long-term development can only be
circumstances. improved through a sustained commitment to structural
To respond to this need, the proportion of the Bank's adjustment and policy reforms.
policy based operations has increased. For instance, Struc The Bank is prepared to continue supporting the coun
tural Adjustment Lending. To date, 27 SALs have been try's development efforts through emphasis on policy re
approved for 16 countries totaling more than $4 billion. The form, institutional development and productive invest
Philippines has received two SALs, one in 1981 and one in ments. We look forward to continuing our support for
1983. priority investments in agriculture, energy, transport, in
Let me strongly emphasize here the cooperative character dustry and the social sectors which are relevant to your
of the Bank's dialogue with countries on policy issues. The country's development goals and objectives. II
14 THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985
Sign Shop Gets the Messages to Staff
Signs of the imes
by Marjorie Messiter
·c
~
Ol
U:
Q)
0.
0.
3
(5
>
.D
o
2
a.
Gene Henninger, foreman of the Sign Shop, at work at the Engravograph machine.
.
T ~e grade leading up. to the C build
mg garage mezzanme seems to
A knock brings Gene Henninger to
the door. He's a friendly man, glad to
sprawls across a work table. Pieces of
brass copy type, all alphabetized, are
disappear into a void. Follow it and have a visitor. The shop where he and arranged tidily in a box nearby. Bits
you will find yourself in an area where his colleague Jorge N obre work is of plastic dust from ajob just com
a few vice presidents' cars, two Ten flooded with sunshine from the street pleted remain to be 5wept up.
nant sidewalk cleaning tractors, and and light from fluorescent tubes over Most signs in the Bank are pro
the Bolens snowplow are parked. head. duced on this machine. Copy type is
Continue on through space lined with Everything is in its place: glue, rul set by hand in one of the Engravo
rolls of carpet on one side and you'll ers, graph paper, cardboard, plastic graph's four metal channels, limiting
come upon the Sign Shop at the far sheets, engraving drills. the amount of text anyone sign can
end. The Engravograph machine have. But it and its companions, the
THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1985 15
signs. These are for conferences, EDI
courses, loan signings, desk name
plates, name tags. Another major task
is maintaining the 15,000 building
signs that keep you on the right track
throughout the Bank's owned and
leased facilities.
"There is a logic to using signs,"
says David Cotts, Chief of ADM's
Building Maintenance and Repair
Section. "We don't just put them up
anywhere. In fact, we try to minimize
them."
The I building is a problem spot
which his section plans to tackle as
soon as decisions about occupancy
and renovation are made.
Firms Come and Go
M r. Henninger became foreman of
the shop when it spun off from the
Print Shop about five years ago. He
has been around the Bank for 21 years
a a contract employee. The firms he
works for come and go, but Mr. Hen
ninger loyally remains. At the mo
ment, both he and Mr. Nobre are
employed by General Maintenance
Corporation.
"I've done a lot of different jobs
around here--even secretarial work,"
Mr. Henninger says. He started out in
the Bank laying carpets, and in those
early years substituted when his unit's
only secretary was away from the
office. When the clocks stopped, one
Jorge Nobre burnishing in numbers on a sign at the Omnigraph II machine. of his jobs was to go around and put
paper over them.
Mr. Nobre, whose father Carlos
Omnigraph II, Embossograph, and use different logos, symbols and ma works at ADM 's Facilities Operations
Letteron machines, will eventually terials all with one machine. Reception Center, came to the Sign
join the growing list of industrial rel The savings will be considerable Shop three years ago. He has a degree
ics. A computer is coming in a matter since they won't have to keep stocks in graphic arts and worked as a layout
of weeks. of type on hand. A set of type for the artist for Andco Industries in North
Mr. Henninger and Mr. Nobre are Engravograph costs anywhere from Carolina before coming to the Bank.
impatient to get their hands on this $100 to $500, depending on the num Andco supplies large exterior signs to
computerized engraver. "We'll be ber ofletters and styles ordered. With the Bank. "I like it here," he says, "but
able to produce a sign two to 10 times the new system; computer cartridges I'd like to get into the administrative
faster," Mr. Nobre calculates. It will permit variations in type size and part of this work."
won't reduce the workload much be spacing. As he starts cutting another sign he
cause of office moves and the expan The duo turns out about 30 to 40 adds, "We're not just workers here. I
sion to the new J and S buildings. signs on a normal day, but a request think of this as a profession."
They will, however, be able to handle for 250 double-faced table signs for Anyone needing a sign can get one in
all but the largest jobs such as making "tomorrow" isn't unusual. Jorge 72 hours by sending a Form 1411 to the
signs for a completely new building. Nobre searches through a drawer and Services Reception Center in Rm. F
And they will have the flexibility to finds the statistics for February: 606 135. II
16 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1985
Readers Speak Up
by Marj o rie Messiter
" perhaps you could get more ideas emerged along with some vember 1984) on the proposed Multi
punch into your writing. The suggestions for improvements that lateral Investment Guarantee Agency
opening paragraph is so obvious and were so simple and obvious we won (MIGA) as "very informative."
so worthy, it sounds biblical," said dered why we hadn't thought of them Some of the most popular articles
one staff member. ourselves. were submitted to us. One of our own
"If you want to know what people Here's a sampling of what we heard: favori tes was a piece Albert Water
think of your magazine, ask how Our presentation needs better orga ston sent us about his 13 years in
much they would be willing to pay for nization. Busy people want to know retirement (November 1984). His
it. I never read it. Well, about the only quickly what's in store without having reflections on his personal search for a
section I read is 'On the Record'," to leaf through an entire issue. So meaningful life evidently struck a uni
volunteered another. we've obliged by adding a table of versal cord; several participants,
"The last few issues have been a real contents. who did not look as if they were any
improvement. I liked them because where near retirement age, shared our
they dealt with subjects that affect A 'Mish-Mash' enthusiasm.
me." More difficult to solve is the criti About our photo spread on the Ex
And so it went during sessions in cism that the contents seem to be a ecutive Directors in the December
January and March at which staff "mish-mash." A participant brought 1984 issue, the participants told us
members appraised The Bank's World, comments he got from his colleagues they would like to read about the EDs'
our monthly in-house magazine. on the incongruity of running a speech backgrounds and qualifications and to
In the past, we had conducted two like "Price Distortions and Institu know something of their views on de
written reader surveys; but this year, tional Adjustment" in an issue featur velopment because "after all, this is a
we decided to try a different tack to ing a tennis player. very important group."
elicit more feedback. By getting to That point especially interests the
gether in small groups we could probe Internal Communications staff, who People Remember
deeper, explore ideas, and ferret out produce the magazine. Do our readers Of all the articles written in 1984,
stories we might otherwise miss. prefer the lighter articles or the more none could surpass Patricia Nepomu
serious pieces or a mix of both? One ceno's recounting of Theresia
Chosen at Random comment was, "Articles from staff in Verghese's service to the poor in India
We chose our reader panel partici the trenches are always interesting. and Washington, D.C. (February
pants at random from the telephone This reaction was confirmed by a par 1984). Ms. Verghese had been unwill
directory. It took about 30 phone calls ticipant at the other session who ing to be a story subject and was only
for each session to line up II or 12 thought Ellen Tillier's story about Ste persuaded when it was suggested that
partici pants. phen Carr ("Why They Are Starving other staff might want to help with
We wanted a good sampling ofpeo in Africa," February 1985) was excel her various charitable activities if they
pie who like and don't like the lent because "it showed the reality of knew about them. The response ex
magazine.We also wanted a balance development by someone who has ceeded all expectations; Ms. Verghese
between support and higher-level done it, and touches on problems was inundated with offers of help and
staff. many people don't see." Herve Plus financial assistance for her causes.
The participants turned out to be quellec's "The Silent Minority" (Jan Even now, more than a year after the
vocal and a bit skeptical. While they uary 1985) came in for similar kudos. story was published, people remember
did not spare us any brickbats, their Another favorite was our interview her and send her contributions for the
thoughtful and good-natured criti with PMD Director Anthony Wil causes she espouses.
cisms were seasoned with enough en liams (December 1984). Several par For the moment we're not planning
couragement that we came away feel ticipants said they liked his straight another panel meeting. We are sifting
ing life was worth living. forward answers to questions on is through the contributions we've got,
Not that there was much consensus sues that concerned the staff. A num sorting out what we can and cannot
in our small and admittedly unscien ber of panelists also singled out the use. But we'll be back to the well soon.
tific survey. A ragout of 0pinions and interview with Ibrahim Shihata (No We would like to hear from you. III
THE BANK 'S WORLD / APRIL 1985 17
, 1
Mothers and children wait for food.
Children scavenge for kernels of corn at the health center in Kadepo.
UNICEF Project
Focuses on Uganda
"I was shocked when we came to
Kadepo. Suddenly, we we re
back. You say to yourself these chil
dren could be yours. I picked up a
surrounded by thousands of people, two-year-old baby, and it was so frag
all sitting on the ground in an o pen ile. My stomach tightened, and I felt
field waiting for ho urs under the sun sick.
to get food, to be immunized , to have "The people who come to the UN
the children weighed. And they were ICEF center in Kadepo have to walk
all quiet." for a day to get there and walk anoth
So says Yosef Hadar, the Bank's er day to get back to their homes.
Community Relations Officer, who They get two weeks' worth of food at
in February visited the Karamoja sec the center.
tion in northeastern Uganda. He ac "I feel ashamed as a human being
companied a UNICEF team, headed when you see children scavenging for
by Abe Pollin, owner of the Capital kernels of corn, as we saw," says Mr.
Centre in Largo, Maryland, and me Hadar. "Visiting this section of Ugan
dia people, including Rene Poussaint da was an unbelievable experience,
ofWJLA TV in Washington, D.C. one which I'll never forget." II
Mr. Hadar took photographs for a
number of publications, including The
Bank 's World.
Pho tos by Yosef Hadar
Mr. Pollin, as Chairman of UN
ICEF's Washington Advisory Coun
cil, went to Uganda to see first-hand
how the money the Council is raising
is being used. Terry Lierman of
Capital Associates is Vice Chairman.
The Ugandan district visited is
home to thousands of people who are
on the brink of famine, and many of
these people are children. "When I
looked into their faces," says Mr. Ha
dar, "I saw my own children staring
Abe Pollin (second from right) and WJLA TV an chorwoman Rene
Poussaint, on his right , look at malnourished child at Kadepo
Health Center. Ugandan Dr. Doreen Gihanga holds the youngster. ..t
A TV cameraman , on the rtght , records the scene. .
THE BANK 'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 19
Around heBank_ _ _ _ _ _ __
New Executive Director Help Wanted Parking Reminder
Each year, the United Way of the Staff are reminded that higher parking
National Capital Area hangs out a rates will go into effect July I, as
help ·.vanted sign for loaned executives announced in Administrative Manual
to work on the campaign, usually with Circular 8/84 issued October 16, 1984.
organizations other than their own. It is expected that the new rates will
These are people whom corporations be about $80 per month. The exact
lend to United Way for three months, amount will depend on two factors:
usually from the end of August to (I) anticipated direct and indirect
early December. And now vice presi costs in FY86, and (2) any parking
dents and department directors in the revenue surplus or deficits in FY85.
Bank and IFC have embarked on a "Bank policy is to maintain parking
talent hunt to identify people for this charges at a level high enough to meet
role. all direct and indirect costs of provid
The Personnel Management De ing parking space," says William J.
partment has asked each VPU to pro Cosgrove, Director, Administrative
vide the names of one higher level and Services Department. Charges, he
C.R. Krishnaswamy Rao Sahib (In one assistant level staff to the Commu notes, have had to be increased over a
dia) has succeeded Himadri N. Ray as nity Relations Program in Informa number of years to achieve overall
Executive Director representing Bang tion and Public Affairs. Community cost-coverage, taking the Bank's own
ladesh, Bhutan, India, and the Demo Relations is responsible for coordinat and leased spaces together.
cratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. ing this phase of the Bank/IFC 1985 The Bank's actual cost for leased
Mr. Rao Sahib will serve the remain United Way Campaign. commercial space per month is $100.
der ofMr. Ray's term-until October Staff who would like to serve in this Current parking fees are insufficient to
31, 1986. III capacity should let their department cover overall costs. As the number of
director know of their interest. staff requiring parking increases, so
MED to Sponsor National Previous Bank/IFC loaned execu must the number of high-cost parking
High Blood Pressure Month tives have found their stint rewarding. spaces increase. This makes parking
In May, the Medical Department will For instance, Loretta Schaeffer of the more expensive for all parkers.
sponsor observance in the Bank and East Asia and Pacific Regional Office "Parking rate adjustments," adds
IFC of National High Blood Pressure termed her United Way tenure "an Mr. Cosgrove, "will have to be made
Month. incredible cross-cultural experience?' III at the beginning of each fiscal year." II
The sponsorship is part of MED's
Health Awareness Program, which United Way Award
aims at providing staff with current
information on preventive health mat
ters.
The slogan for this year is "Make
Control Your Lifetime Goal." There
will be lectures on hypertension medi
cation, diet and exercise. In addition,
MED will hold blood pressure screen
ings at sites around the Bank, and
educational brochures explaining high
blood pressure issues will be available.
Bank staff nurses will perform the
blood pressure screenings, and the in
dividual results will be confidential.
An Administrative Circular, to be
Kathy Rosen of Art and Design presents Bank President A.W. Clausen, left, with trophy the Bank/lFC
issued shortly, will list an agenda of won for Best Special Event in the 1984 United Way Communications Contest. Looking on are
activities. Also, program activities will Chauncey Dewey (next to Mr. Clausen), this year's BankllFC United Way Chairman; Yosef Hadar,
be announced in the Weekly Bulletin head of the Bank's Community Relations Program; and Frank Vagi, Director, Information and Public
Affairs Department. The award was for the poster of Bank people Ms. Rosen designed as well as
and on posters to be hung throughout the International Munch and other communications activities which helped spur BankllFC staff to
the Bank. III set a record of more than $290,000 contributed.
20 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1985
Administrative Tribunal Judges
AnswerUne....
The purpose of this column is to answer
questions ofbroad interest concerning
The World Bank/ [Fe's policies and
procedures. Because 0/space limita
tions, only questions o/wide interest
can be published. Ifyou have such a
question, send illo: Answer Line, The
Bank's World. Room D-839.
Question: H . J ames Dyck's article,
'8 "Returning to Headquarters," in Tite
§ BlInk's World, February issue. seems to
~
<1l
imply tbat staff' returning f..om field
~
~ assignments should get promotional ad
>
.0
o vantage over their Headquarters col
:g leagues-it is only a question of pa
c..
tience! This may be valid for the young
The Administrative Tribunal met in Headquar attend the Tribunal 's session . The Tribunal usu recruits fresh from the universities, but
ters the week of March 18, and the judges took ally meets twice a year, once in Washington ,
time out from their hectic schedule to have this D.C., and once in Europe . The Judges, recom wbat about the technical professionals
photograph taken . Left to right, C. F. Amera mended by Bank management and appoint with 10 or more years of direct overseas
singhe, Executive Secretary; and the Judges, ed by th e Executive Directors, hold three-year experience? Do these years count for
Charles Onyeama of Nigeria , Kamal Abul-Magd terms. They normally make their dec isions on
of Egypt (a Vice President of the Tribunal), the basis of written briefs; infrequently, they the Bank or should these seasoned staft'
Eduardo Jimenez d'Arechaga of Uruguay (Pres schedule oral hearings for Washin gton . In th eir members also enroll for overseas Bank
ident), Prosper We il of France (a Vice Presi most recent session , they decided seven cases, assignment before hoping for promo-
dent), Robert Gorman of the United States, and fi ve of them brought by one party. Their next ?
N. Kumarayya of India. El ihu Lauterpacht of scheduled meeting in Washington will be in tion.
e
United Kingdom , another Judge , was unable to October. Answer: A field assignment with the
Bank is clearly very valuable for staff
members with little or no developing
country experience. Nevertheless, de
'HiDing the Jackpot' Passer-by Domingo Campuzano of
pending on the needs of member coun
Telephone Services responded imme
tries and the Bank's resident missions,
diately to Mr. Kanagaratnam 's cry for
staff members with pre-Bank experi
"Who among us has not wondered help, summoning Security Guard Lt.
ence in developing countries can also
how we would respond to the ultimate Khalid Arnaout. Lt. Arnaout radioed
benefit from serving in a Bank resident
computer malfunction: a jammed tell Francis Tiernan of Security Opera
mission. These assignments offer staff
er machine unable to stop issuing tions. Together, they tried to shut
money?" asks Sue Leland of the Office an opportunity to obtain a different,
down the autoteller, but to no avail.
of the Director, Administrative Ser integrated view of Bank operations
M r. Tiernan called an emergency
vices Department. She recounts what that can enhance their effectiveness
number and American Security peo
happened in the Bank when Kandiah upon return to Headq uarters. H owev
ple arrived, entered the branch office
er, when considering candidates for
Kanagaratnam, then of the Personnel which was closed in observance of
promotion to senior level positions,
Management Department, "hit the Veterans Day, and deactivated the
any relevant field experience is fully
jackpot. " machine.
It was last Veterans Day when Mr. Branch Manager Shirley Conley recognized. H. James Dyck, Assistant
Kanagaratnam used American Securi later presented Messrs. Kanagara t
Director, Operations. Personnel Man
ty Bank's automatic teller machine in nam and Campuzano with letters ex
agement Department.
the F building. Suddenly, the machine pressing the bank 's appreciation and
began spewing a n endless stream of gratitude for their quick and conscien
$10 and $20 bills. tious actions . 111
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 21
Senior Staff Appointments
IAN M. HUME, a Zimbabwean na MANUEL ZYMELMAN, a U.S. na
tional, has been appointed Assistant tional who joined the Bank in 1975 as
Director, Policy and Review, Energy an Education Adviser, Education De
Department. Mr. Hume joined the partment, has been named Special Ad
Bank as a Young Professional in 1969. viser, Economics of Education, Senior
In 1971 he joined the Population Stud Staff Resources Program. Mr. Zymel
ies Division, Economics Department, man will work directly with the Edu
as an Economist. In 1973 he trans cation Divisions of both the Western
ferred to Europe, Middle East and Africa and Eastern and Southern Af
North Africa (EMENA) Country rica Regions, providing support and
Programs Department I as a Country Economist on Yu advice to education and regional staffin the areas of policy,
goslavia. He later served as the Country Economist on efficiency, and finance of the education and training sector.
Romania and was promoted to Senior Economist in the In 1979, Mr. Zymelman was promoted to Economic Advis
same department in 1975. Mr. Hume later resigned from er, Education Department. Before joining the Bank, Mr.
the Bank to return to Zimbabwe where he served as the Zymelman's experience included 17 years of university
Executive Director of the Whitsun Foundation, an indepen teaching and research at Northeastern University, Harvard
dent agency dealing with economic analysis and project University, and Fletcher School of Law and Diplo~acy, as
preparation. In 1978 he returned to the Bank as Senior well as consultancy assignments with the Bank and other
Economist, EMENA, Projects Department, Office of the international organizations. His new appointment was
Director. In 1982, he was named Chief of Division 1D effective March 1.
(now lA), EMENA, Country Programs Department I. Mr.
Hume's new appointment was effective April 15. Retirees
WILLIAM T. ONORATO has been
named Legal Adviser, Energy, Legal
Department. Mr. Onorato, a U.S. na
tional, joined the Bank February 1,
having served as a lawyer on the Inter No photo available:
national Organizations Liaison Staff EMMA TRENCHI
March 31
of the International Labor Office in
Geneva from 1968 to 1969. Following
that assignment, he held senior legal
positions in private law firms and in HAROLD YOUNG SALVATORE LIBERATORE
March 31 March 31
dustry, including positions with Standard Oil of California
and Getty Oil Company, Los Angeles. Immediately prior
to joining the Bank, Mr. Onorato was a partner in a Los New Staff Members
Angeles law firm where he represented public and private
Larry W. Austin Lynn Clark-McCarthy
clients engaged in the development of conventional fuels United States United States
and alternative fuel sources. Software Specialist/IRM/3f1 Secretary ISO A/3 /25
Vargha Azad Douglass A. Craig
F. JAVIER ALEJO, whose appoint Iran United States
ment as Vice President, Corporate Af Research Assistant/EPD/2/25 Investment Officer/IFC/3/4
fairs and Development, in the Inter Edmund S. Baillie Marie F. Dalencour
United Kingdom Haiti
national Finance Corporation, was Rural Engineer/WAP/3/14 Secretary/EA I /3/25
announced in the February issue of Marie V. Cayco Herinita S.M. Da Luz
The Bank's World. Philippines Cape Verde
Secretary/ERS/3 /18 Secretary/EA I /3/4
Joaquin J. Cervino Kashmira Daruwalla
Spain India
Research Assistant/EPD/3/ I Secretary /LOA/3/25
Margaret G. Clark Bernard Decaux
United States France
Food Services Asst./ADM/3/11 Senior Energy Planner/EGY/3/26
Gerard Paul Desautel
France
Financial Analyst/EMP/3/25
22 THE BANK'S WORLD / APRIL 1985
Letter to the Editor:_ _ _ _ _ __
I was both happy and sad when read sented on IIMI's Board of Gover ers-notjust lawyers, BA majors and
ing "The Silent Minority," an article nors.) economists.
by Herve Plusquellec in your January This is not the place to discuss Finally, I would like to take issue
1985 issue. I was happy that you have IIMI's growing pains nor its ultimate with two points in the article. First, I
given space to a world problem only program. But it is good that The wouldn't agree that modem irrigation
belatedly recognized but not easily Bank's World has begun to give the methods (e.g., automatic, electronical
solved: How to get sufficient benefit problems of irrigation some attention, ly operated gates and computers) are
(social as well as economic) out of the and I hope it will continue to do so necessarily better than old style meth
enormous investment in irrigation, ex since here is a vital world problem ods. It depends on specific conditions,
pected to be on the order of$10 billion that will require increasing attention and it is a fact that irrigation project
per year (to the year 2000) in Asia by professionals of most if not all characteristics (not just physical ones,
alone. disciplines. but economic, social and political ones
As the article states, irrigation sys My feeling of sadness came from as well) vary greatly so that no two
tems in most developing countries are the article's title which brings back an projects are alike.
performing well below their potential. old question: Is it right that the Bank's Secondly, I wouldn't say that seri
This makes the problem too big-and engineers (and other technical profes ous irrigation research such as now
too important-to be tackled only by sionals-I don't use the term "techni being undertaken by IIMI is concen
irrigation engineers or any other single cians" which implies a level lower than trating on system management to the
discipline; it's like war which can't be professional) remain a silent minority? exclusion of technical factors. We are
left only to the generals. I spent 16 years, 1962-78, with the in an age when disciplines must work
I was a member of a three-man Bank. In the early part, technical pro together and each must understand
interdisciplinary study team (engineer, fessionals were more highly regarded much regarding the other disciplines.
agronomist and socio-economist) set and not so silent. If they have become We need project leaders who have
up by the Consultative Group on In so, it is definitely not in the Bank's broad background and motivation to
ternational Agricultural Research to interest, nor that of its clients and bring this about. While such leaders
propose an international effort to be staff. This then is in my opinion a can come from any discipline, other
gin to cope with the global problem. matter for the Bank's higher-level things being equal, I would prefer
The study team's report (March 1982) management to sort out. In doing so, choosing one having a technical back
resulted in formation of the Interna they might consider that many large ground, including, of course, irriga
tional Irrigation Management Insti corporations have in recent years tion engineers.
tute (IIMI) based in Sri Lanka and found it distinctly advantageous to
funded by various international and place managers with technical back Phillip Kirpich
national agencies. (The Bank is repre grounds among their high-level offic- A thens, Greece
Darshini De Silva Franz Kriegler Hope C. PhilUps Kowassi Soman
Sri Lanka Austria United States Ivory Coast
Secretary /IFC/3/4 Financial Analyst/LCP/3/4 Secretary/EAP/3/4 Research Assistant/WA2/3/4
Jean-Francois R. Dupuy Bruno A. Laporte Theophilos Priovolos NoeUe F. Stapleton
France France Greece Ireland
Counsel/LEG/3/ I Educational Economist/EMP/3/6 Economist/EPD/3/4 Secretary/LEG/3/25
Cecilia I. Guido-Spano Denys S. Lawrie Mala Qazi John Henry Stein
Peru United Kingdom Canada United States
Secretary/pPD/3/18 Senior Engineer/IFC/3/4 Secretary/FO D/3 /18 Operations Assistant/LCI/3/26
Mary D. Harris Ana M. Lulli Liliana M. Renique Lesley A. Surridge
United States Peru Peru New Zealand
Secretary/EAP/3/4 Secretary/LEG/3/11 Secretary/ED1/3/25 Secretary/ASP/3/25
Raul A. Hernandez Nena Manley Helen Roberts Eric V. Swanson
Mexico United States United Kingdom United States
I nvestmen t Officer /1 FC/2/28 Counsel/LEG/3/11 Secretary /EM2/3/4 Economist/EPD/3/ I
Do Khac Hung Francois-Emmanuel Maurice Anne Schleiger Paulo Vieira Da Cunha
Vietnam France United States Brazil
Executive Director's Asst./ Attorney/IFC/3/4 Publications Asst./PUB/3/ll Country Economist/EA I /3/ 18
EDS/3/11 Joyce McConnell David W.T. Shannon Arnold Vonck
Rogati Kayani United States United Kingdom Netherlands
Tanzania Secretary/AEA/3/11 Management Consultant/ Petroleum Engineer/EGY /3/4
Telecommunications Engineer/ Yaeko Perera OPD 3/11 Michael P. Ward
IND/3f7 Japan United Kingdom
Secretary/CGIAR/3/4 Senior Economist/EPD/3/18
THE BANK'S WORLD I APRIL 1985 23
·r
uture
Home
of
Chi d Care
Center
Roberta F. de Castro of IPA holds door for her
daughter, Carla-Natasha, 4 years old, who is
about to get a preview of the site of the new
child care center on the first floor of the B
building. The space-about 6,000 square feet
will be renovated as soon as details regarding
the center can be worked out between the Bank
and an incorporated parents' association . The
association will be responsible for the facility as
well as for overseeing administration by a pro
fessional entity. The Bank approved establish
ment of a child care center earlier this month.
About 90 children, including infants, are expect
ed to use the center.
Photo by Giuseppe Franchini
As we go to press. ..
PESTICIDE CONTROL: The Bank has announced safeguards to protect users, the general
guidelines governing the use of pesticides public and the environment."
in projects in developing countries. The The guidelines include 22 operational
guidelines are designed to help avert requirements Bank staff must observe, and
damage to health and the environment in they fall into four broad categories: (a)
agricultural development work, and they pest and pesticide management practices;
were developed with and endorsed by the (b) handling, storage and application of
u.s. Agency for International Development pesticides; (c) selection of pesticide
(USAID). materials and formulations; and (d) pro
In announcing the guidelines, S. curement of pesticides. They call for
Shahid Husain, Vice President for stricter measures in determining when and
Operations Policy, said: "It is important how chemicals should be applied and
that use of pesticides financed under Bank restrict the use of particularly hazardous
loans should be consistent with sound pest materials by Third World farmers who may
management practices and accompanied by lack the knowledge to use them safely.
The Bank's World, Vol. 4, NO.4. Published monthly in Washington, D.C., by the Information and Public Affairs Department of The World Bank for all employees and retirees
of The World Bankllnternational Finance Corporation . Alan Drattell, Editor; Ellen Tillier, Associate Editor; Patricia Nepomuceno, Assistant Editor; Bill Fraser, Designer.