VINH LONG PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE Vinh Long ODA Project Management Unit (PMU) ï‚–ï‚— INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (Draft version) VINH LONG URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT VINH LONG - MARCH, 2020 VINH LONG PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE Vinh Long ODA Project Management Unit (PMU) ï‚–ï‚— INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (Draft) VINH LONG URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT PROJECT OWNER CONSULTANT VINH LONG ODA PROJECT INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT UNIT CONSULTANT JOINT STOCK COMPANY VINH LONG - FEBRUARY, 2020 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................. viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1. PROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION .............................................6 1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT .................................................6 1.1.1. Background ......................................................................................................................6 1.1.2. Project Objectives ............................................................................................................8 1.1.3. Project components ..........................................................................................................8 1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESIA PREPARATION .......................................11 1.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV .........................................................11 1.2.2. Safeguards Policies and Guidelines of WB ....................................................................14 1.3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................25 1.3.1. Location of project items ................................................................................................25 1.3.2. Detailed Description on Vinh Long project investments ...............................................28 1.3.3. Construction methods .....................................................................................................38 1.3.4. List of equipment, machines use for project ..................................................................44 1.3.5. Demand for Raw Materials, Fuels and Disposal Sites ...................................................45 1.3.6. Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................................48 1.3.7. Total investment .............................................................................................................50 1.3.8. Implementation Progress of The project ........................................................................53 1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS ....................................53 CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA ..........................................................................................................................55 2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................55 2.1.1. Geography ......................................................................................................................55 2.1.2. Topography ....................................................................................................................55 2.1.3. Geological condition ......................................................................................................56 2.1.4. Climate condition, hydrographic and oceanographic .....................................................57 2.1.5. Hydrological characteristics ...........................................................................................59 2.1.6. Natural Resources ..........................................................................................................62 2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA .............................................64 2.2.1. Air quality ......................................................................................................................64 2.2.2. Surface water quality ......................................................................................................67 2.2.3. Groundwater quality .......................................................................................................70 2.2.4. Wastewater characteristics .............................................................................................71 2.2.5. Soil quality .....................................................................................................................73 2.2.6. Sediment quality.............................................................................................................74 2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ..................................................................................76 2.3.1. Economic development condition ..................................................................................76 Page ii 2.3.2. Social development conditions .......................................................................................77 2.3.3. Results of affected households survey in Project area ...................................................78 2.4. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS ..................................................................................86 2.4.1. Transport System............................................................................................................86 2.4.2. Water Supply System .....................................................................................................88 2.4.3. Solid Waste Collection and Treatment ...........................................................................88 2.4.4. Power System .................................................................................................................88 2.4.5. Drainage and sewage treatment ......................................................................................88 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS AT SPECIFIC PROJECT LOCATIONS .....................................................................................................................................94 2.6. SENSITIVE RECEPTOR DESCRIPTION AT THE PROJECT AREAS .........................104 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........................107 3.1. THE PROJECT’S POSITIVE IMPACTS ..........................................................................107 3.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS...............................................................................108 3.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN PREPARATION STAGE ......................................................112 3.3.1. Impact on land ..............................................................................................................112 3.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .......................................114 3.4.1. General impacts during construction phase..................................................................115 3.4.2. Specific impacts ...........................................................................................................136 3.4.3. Impact on sensitive receptors .......................................................................................142 3.5. IMPACT AND RISK IN OPERATION PHASE ...............................................................146 3.5.1. Specific Impacts ...........................................................................................................148 3.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACT ..................................................................................................153 3.7. INDUCED IMPACTS ........................................................................................................155 CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .....................................................................157 4.1. “WITHâ€? AND “WITHOUTâ€? THE PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ....................................158 4.2. ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PROJECT’S WORKS ........................................................162 4.2.1. Wastewater collection in residential areas ...................................................................162 4.2.2. Construction of wastewater treatment plant .................................................................163 4.2.3. Technical and technological options for embankment of Long Ho river .....................167 4.2.4. Construction methods for tidal sluicegates ..................................................................168 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...............................170 5.1. Mitigation Measures ...........................................................................................................170 5.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Feasibility Study and Detailed Design ............................170 5.1.2. Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase ..............................................171 5.1.3. Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase ...........................................172 5.1.4. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) ...................................................................173 5.1.5. Specific Mitigation Measures in the construction phase ..............................................200 5.1.6. Mitigation measures for impacts on sensitive receptors...............................................204 5.1.7. Mitigation measures in Operation Phase ......................................................................210 5.1.8. Impact mitigation measures..........................................................................................217 Page iii 5.2. Roles and Responsibilities fir ESMP Implementation........................................................218 5.2.1. Institutional Arrangements ...........................................................................................218 5.2.2. Roles and Responsibilities ...........................................................................................218 5.3. Environmental and Social Compliance Framework ...........................................................221 5.3.1. Environmental Duties of the PMU/Detail Design Consultants ....................................221 5.3.2. Environmental and Social Duties of the Contractor .....................................................221 5.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) .........................222 5.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) ....................................223 5.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) ......................................223 5.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC) ..............................................224 5.3.9. Reporting Arrangements ..............................................................................................225 5.4. Environmental and Social Monitoring Program .................................................................226 5.4.1. Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Construction Phase ........................................226 5.4.2. Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Operation phase .............................................227 5.5. Training and Capacity Building ..........................................................................................228 5.5.1. Current PMU’s Capacity on Environmental/Social Management ...............................228 5.5.2. Safeguard Capacity Building Program .........................................................................229 5.6. Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation .......................................................................230 5.6.1. Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program ............................................230 5.6.2. Estimated cost for IEMC ..............................................................................................232 5.6.3. Estimated Costs for Training Program .........................................................................232 5.6.4. Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation .......................................................233 5.7. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) ..............................................................................234 CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................237 6.1. Summary of pubic consultation process .............................................................................237 6.2. Results of public consultation .............................................................................................237 6.3. Consultation with People’s Committee of wards and communes .......................................237 6.4. Infomtion disclosure ...........................................................................................................250 CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................251 APPENDIX ..........................................................................................................................................252 5.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements ...............................................224 5.3.8. Penalty System .............................................................................................................225 Page iv ABBREVIATIONS AHs Affected Households CC Climate change AC Asphalt concrete CeC Cement concrete CMC Construction monitoring consultant DED Detailed engineering design DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment MKD Mekong Detal EIA Environmental impact assessment ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EMC External Monitoring Consultant EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental monitoring system FS Feasibility study MOC Ministry of Construction MUDP Management of Urban Development under Urban Development Agency NUUP National urban upgrading program ODA Official Development Assistance PPMU Project Management Unit PPU Project Preparation Unit PSC Project Steering Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RP Resettlement Plan P/CPC Provincial/City People’s Committee URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank Page v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of the project’s scale .................................................................................. 25 Table 2: Detail description of work items ................................................................................ 28 Table 3: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for project ......................................... 44 Table 4: The list and quantity of raw materials used for projects ............................................ 45 Table 5: Locations of Potential Stone and Sand Sources ......................................................... 46 Table 6: Expected number of workers at the sites .................................................................... 48 Table 7: Total investment fund of project ................................................................................ 51 Table 8: Project Schedule ......................................................................................................... 53 Table 9: Geological properties of soil in the project area......................................................... 57 Table 10: Measurement results of ambient air environment in the project area ...................... 66 Table 11: Results of surface water quality in the project area.................................................. 69 Table 12: Result of ground water quality in the Project area ................................................... 71 Table 13: Waste quality measurement results .......................................................................... 72 Table 14: Results of soil quality in the project area ................................................................. 74 Table 15: Sediment quality monitoring results......................................................................... 75 Table 16: Area and population of Vinh Long city in 2018 ...................................................... 77 Table 17:Income of Affected Households ................................................................................ 79 Table 18: Expenditure structure of AHs ................................................................................... 80 Table 19: Ownership of lands (Unit: %) .................................................................................. 81 Table 20: Public services .......................................................................................................... 84 Table 21: Survey on labor division (Unit: %) .......................................................................... 85 Table 22: Survey on labor division in community activities .................................................... 86 Table 23: Participation of households in socio-economic organizations ................................. 86 Table 24: Summary of urban roads in Vinh Long city ............................................................. 87 Table 25: List of sensitive receptors at the project areas ........................................................ 104 Table 26: Project’s potential negative impacts ....................................................................... 109 Table 27: Summary of project’s impacts ................................................................................ 112 Table 28: Volume of earth work for the project’s work items ............................................... 115 Table 29: Concentration of dust generated by earthwork and leveling activities .................. 116 Table 30: Emission factors ..................................................................................................... 117 Table 31: Estimated emissions generated by construction equipment ................................... 117 Table 32: Volume of materials to be transported and amount of trips ................................... 119 Table 33: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials.............................. 119 Table 34: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment .............................. 121 Table 35: Maximum noise level by distance .......................................................................... 122 Table 36: Additional noise levels when there are other on-site activities .............................. 122 Table 37: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment ........................ 123 Table 38: Vibration decrease by distance ............................................................................... 124 Table 39: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day ....................................... 125 Table 40: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater .............................. 125 Table 41: Rainwater runoff on the construction site .............................................................. 127 Table 42: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase .................................... 128 Page vi Table 43: Volume of domestic solid waste at the construction site ....................................... 129 Table 44: Impact on sensitive structures ................................................................................ 142 Table 45: Odorous compounds generated by anaerobic decomposition of wastewater ......... 149 Table 46: Content of bacteria dispersed from WWTP ........................................................... 150 Table 47: Forecast of Concentrations and load of pollutants in untreated wastewater .......... 152 Table 48: Flooded area with scenarios of 10-year flooding ................................................... 158 Table 49: Economic benefits of the project for the “withâ€? project scenario .......................... 159 Table 50: Analysis of Alternatives - WITHOUT and WITH the project ............................... 160 Table 51: Comparison of wastewater collection options for the project’s works .................. 162 Table 52: Comparison and selection of treatment technologies ............................................. 164 Table 53: Comparison with Technical and Technological Methods for embankment of Long Ho river .......................................................................................................................... 167 Table 54: Comparison of structural options and valve gate ................................................... 168 Table 55: Comparison of valve gate ....................................................................................... 168 Table 56: Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase .............................................. 172 Table 57: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs) ...................................... 174 Table 58: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase ......... 200 Table 59: Site-specific Mitigation Measures for sensitive receptors ..................................... 204 Table 60: Mitigation plan of generic impacts during the operation phase ............................. 210 Table 61: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase...................... 212 Table 62: Mitigation plan of Cumulative Impacts ................................................................. 216 Table 63: Impact mitigation measures.................................................................................... 217 Table 64. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities .............................................................. 218 Table 65. Regular Reporting Requirements ........................................................................... 225 Table 66: Environmental Monitoring Program - Construction Phase .................................... 226 Table 67: Environmental monitoring Program operation phase ............................................ 228 Table 68: Advanced Environmental/Social Training Program .............................................. 229 Table 69: Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis.............................................................. 230 Table 70: Estimated Costs of IEMC ....................................................................................... 232 Table 71: Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building ............................................. 232 Table 72: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation ............................................................ 233 Table 73: Grievance Redress Mechanism .............................................................................. 235 Table 74: The results of the public consultation..................................................................... 238 Page vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of project area ............................................................................................ 25 Figure 2: General layout of investment items .......................................................................... 27 Figure 3: Map of Vinh Long city’s elevation ............................................................................ 56 Figure 4: Hydrological network diagram of the project area ..................................................... 60 Figure 5: Locations of tidal sluices on canals of Vinh Long city ............................................. 61 Figure 6: The sampling map of ambient air quality ................................................................. 65 Figure 7: The sampling map of surface water quality .............................................................. 67 Figure 8: The sampling map of ground water quality .............................................................. 70 Figure 9: The sampling map of wastewater quality ................................................................. 71 Figure 10: The sampling map of soil quality............................................................................ 73 Figure 11: The sediment quality samples on map .................................................................... 75 Figure 12: Demographic characteristics (Unit: %) ................................................................... 78 Figure 13: Educational level of householders .......................................................................... 79 Figure 14: Main occupation of employees (Unit: %) ............................................................... 79 Figure 15: Purposes of loans .................................................................................................... 80 Figure 16: Types of house ........................................................................................................ 81 Figure 17: Named in land use right certificate ......................................................................... 81 Figure 18: Furnitures of households ......................................................................................... 82 Figure 19: Means of production ............................................................................................... 82 Figure 20: Health care and medical conditions of affected people .......................................... 83 Figure 21: Flooding reasons ..................................................................................................... 84 Figure 22: Environmental issues in the Project area ................................................................ 85 Figure 23: Inter-regional transport network map ..................................................................... 87 Figure 24: Existing status of drainage network in Vinh Long city .......................................... 89 Figure 25: Main roads of Vinh Long city under flooding on 1st Oct 2019 .............................. 90 Figure 26: Flooding map in Vinh Long city ............................................................................. 91 Figure 27: Wastewater discharged into the environment ......................................................... 94 Figure 28: Current status of rehabilitated residential areas ...................................................... 95 Figure 29: Scope of the Project’s wastewater collection system.............................................. 96 Figure 30: Location of wastewater treatment plant .................................................................. 97 Figure 31: Current status along Long Ho river embankment ................................................... 98 Figure 32: Positions of tidal preventing culverts ...................................................................... 99 Figure 33: Main canal system in the inner urban area ............................................................ 100 Figure 34: Current s status of connection road in ward 8 and 9 ............................................. 101 Figure 35: Current status of the main road 1 .......................................................................... 102 Figure 36: Current status of the main road 2 .......................................................................... 103 Figure 37: Residential area in ward 8 ..................................................................................... 103 Figure 38: Existing status of business activities in the project area ....................................... 113 Figure 39: Illustrative photographs for clearance of UXO ..................................................... 114 Figure 40: The residential areas near the work items of Long Ho river embankment and the Resettlement site ..................................................................................................................... 121 Figure 41: Current status of waterway transport in some construction areas ......................... 132 Page viii Figure 42: Surface water at some construction sites .............................................................. 137 Figure 43: Typical images of existing structures ................................................................... 137 Figure 44: Current situation of dredging areas in canals ........................................................ 138 Figure 45: Odor from the dredging process............................................................................ 139 Figure 46: NH3 dispersion due to sludge dredging ................................................................ 139 Figure 47: CH4 dispersion due to sludge dredging ................................................................. 139 Figure 48: Images on sludge dredging in canals .................................................................... 140 Figure 49: Current status of agricultural production .............................................................. 141 Figure 50: Current status of business in the project area ........................................................ 142 Figure 51:Flooding area in the “withâ€? and “without’ project scenarios ................................. 159 Figure 52: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation ................................................ 218 Page ix Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Background The Urban Development and Climate Change Adaptation Project of Vinh Long City (UDCR) will improve access to infrastructure; Improve transportation connectivity and reduce flood risks in the central urban area of Vinh Long City. The project’s specific objectives are to: (i) Control flooding in the urban core area of Vinh Long city with an area of 2,060 ha to gradually adapt to climate change; (ii) Improve the living conditions of people in the urban core area through improvement of infrastructure in residential areas and conducting wastewater collection and treatment for the areas; (iii) Construct transport connecting urban core areas with developing areas and create motivation for the city to expand urban space through the East, West and South directions; (iv) Combining the investment of buildings with the development of green infrastructure systems, increasing the water surface area to create more bases for Vinh Long city in adapting to climate change as well as towards a green, sustainable city. The estimated duration of the UDCR project is 5 years, from 2021 to 2025. The total project implementation cost is USD 219.4 million. UDCR includes 04 components including: Component 1 - Flood risk management and environmental sanitation: (1) Building drainage systems in the urban core area; (2) Building wastewater collection and treatment systems for urban core areas; (3) Flood control in urban core areas; (4) Building and operating a flood risk management system; (5) Construction supervision and management. Component 2 - Development of urban corridors: (1) Construction of a connection road between ward8 and Ward 9, with a length of 3.0 km; (2) Construction of the main urban trunk road No. 1, with a length of 5.5 km; (3) Construction of urban main road No. 2, length of 5.8km; (4) Provide equipment for intelligent traffic system management; (5) Construction supervision and management. Component 3 - Compensation and resettlement: Building technical and social infrastructure for the resettlement area of 12.5ha. Component 4 - Strengthening urban management to adapt to climate change. Legal and technical basis for ESIA The environmental assessment carried out during project preparation confirmed that the project’s environmental risks were classified as significant. The environmental and social standards (ESS) applied to the project are as follows: ESS 1: Assess and manage environmental and social risks and impacts; ESS10: Participation of stakeholders and information disclosure; ESS2: Labor and working conditions; ESS3: Effective use of resources and pollution prevention and management; ESS4: Health and community safety; ESS5: Land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement; ESS6: Conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of living natural resources; ESS8: Cultural heritage. The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) document is prepared according to ESF. ESIA includes the proposed works for Component 1, 2 and 3 of the project. Project description UDCR includes the following items: new construction, upgrading and renovation: (1) Construction of drainage system in the urban core area: Investing a circular system from D400- D1200 for roads in the urban core area. with a length of 30,000m; Improve sidewalks of roads associated with planting trees and investing in lighting systems with an area of 240,000m2; Improving the main drainage canals system: dredging, protection embankments with a length of 22.0km; (2) Establish a wastewater collection and treatment system for the urban core area: connecting 26,000 households and a network of tertiary service pipelines; Building a wastewater pumping station with a capacity of 300-15,000m3/day; Building a wastewater treatment station with an estimated capacity of 15,000 m3/day; (3) Flood control in the urban Page 1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project core area: Long Ho river embankment + 5m operating road along embankment with a length of embankment of 6.0km; to build 9 tidal sluice gates with sizes of 3.0 to 15.0m; (4) Construction of a connection road between Ward 8 and Ward 9, with a length of 3.0 km; (5) Construction of the main urban trunk road No. 1, with a length of 5.5 km; (6) Construction of the main urban trunk road No. 2, 5.8 km in length; (7) Construction of technical and social infrastructures for the resettlement area of 12.5 ha. Each work item will be constructed within 15 to 24 months (starting from 2021 to 2025). Social and environmental bases In January 2020, 8 air samples, 8 surface water samples, 5 groundwater samples, 5 waste water samples, 6 soil samples, and 6 sediment samples were tested and analyzed to evaluate the background environment quality in the project area. Results of field surveys and environmental monitoring show that the quality of the air, surface water, groundwater, soil and sediment is still quite good. As the project works are built within Vinh Long city, the works are mainly located in residential areas, except for some road sections passing through rice paddies. Some sensitive receptors consist of: Thanh Duc C Primary School, Tran Phu Secondary School, Van Thanh Mieu Vinh Long, Tran Quoc Toan Primary School, Phap Hai Pagoda, Giac Thien Pagoda, HCM Economics University - Vinh Long, Pho Minh pagoda. No physical cultural resources are affected by the project. Environmental and Social Impact and Risk ESIA has identified the negative impacts and potential risks of the project. Most impacts are temporary, local and reversible due to medium scale construction. These impacts can be mitigated by applying appropriate technology and specific mitigation measures, and contractors must closely monitor and consult with local people. ï?¶ General impact Dust, exhaust gas, noise, vibration, wastewater, solid waste from construction activities and daily life of workers. These impacts can be considered as low to moderate for each facility and can be minimized. ï?¶ Specific impacts Land acquisition impact: Expectedly, the project will affect 1,800 households, of which 550 households will have to displace. Data on acquisition of land, on-land assets, crops and trees will be updated in the Project’s Resettlement Action Plan. Impacts on the water environment. the project’s works that cause impacts on the water environment include: embankment of Long Ho river, rehabilitation of 22.0 km of drainage canals in the urban core area, construction of 9 tidal sluice gates and intersections roads with existing canals. Excavation and backfilling for reinforceing embankments, abutments and piers as well as dredging 22 km of canals will contribute to increasing the volume of suspended solid wastes in the downstream area. In addition, overflowing water can wash away the pollutants (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste and so one) into aquatic areas (Rach Cai Cam, Cai Sao. Large, Cau Lo and Long Ho rivers), causing water pollution. This impact is assessed from LOW to MEDIUM, temporary and can be minimized. Impacts due to erosion, subsidence and damage to the existing structure: The process of construction, piling, soil excavation in some locations such as the bridge across roads and Long Ho river embankment may pose the risks of subsidence or damage to surrounding structures. The impact is assessed to be high in case of rain, otherwise it is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated by suitable construction method and duration. Page 2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impact on waterway transport on the river: caused by the works as embankment of Long Ho river embankment works, dredging and rehabilitation of 22.0 km of canals, bridge across roads. However, the transportation frequency is low with 5-10 round-trip/day; thus, the impact is assessed as LOW to MEDIUM and can be minimized. Odors from dredged materials: odor will be emitted from dredging and rehabilitation of 22.0km of canals. The total volume of sludge dredged is about 42,000 m3 (the main component is organic mud). The dredging activities will cause the risk of destroying the balance structure, evaporate persistent organic compounds and some other volatile organic substances, causing unpleasant odors that affect workers and local people. Leachate from dredged materials: It is estimated that the leachate will make up 20% of the total dredged sludge, equivalent to 8,400 m3. However, the leachate will be channeled back to adjacent water bodies. According to the results of sediment monitoring in the project area, there are no sign of heavy metal contamination. The sludge leachate contains high TSS content that affects aquatic specicies of receiving sources. Impact is assessed to be LOW and mitigable. Impact on agricultural production: will be caused by construction of 3 roads and wastewater treatment plant that require land acquisition. Households will be affected with agricultural cultivation (waste, waste water, construction materials on paddies, damages on rice and vegetables). This impact is rated MINOR and mitigable. Impact on groundwater quality: due to pile driving of bridges, tidal sluice gates or embankments of Long Ho River. In the process of pile drilling, bentonite with additives will absord in the aquifer, infiltrate into the water courses and contaminate the water. The impact is assessed to be MINOR and mitigable. Impacts on sensitive structures: The Project implementation will affect 8 sensitive structures. Dust, noise, vibration, traffic accidents during the construction process will affect the learning, teaching and transportation of students. In addition, spiritual cultural activities of local people in the community hall, pagodas and cemeteries will be affected, especially the risk of conflict between workers and local residents. This impact is assessed to be MINOR and mitigable. Mitigation measures Mitigation measures to General Impacts the projectFor each impact in each construction stage, mitigation measures (ESCOPs) for general, specific impacts will be taken to minimize impacts on sensitive structures. Also, social impact mitigation measures will be applied, whichever suitable. Specific impacts Social impacts: (i) Mitigation measures are taken for impacts from land acquisition in the Project area; and (ii) construction options which require the smallest land acquisition area are prioritized. Mitigation of impacts on water environment: the dredging activities must be carried out in the dry season; wastewater will be dumped into sediment pits before being discharged into the environment; waste disposal into rivers must be banned, construction materials must be covered with canvas and gathered in the places far from water sources; the dredged materials will be transported to Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao landfills. Mitigation of impacts due to erosion, subsidence and damage to existing structures: Local people must be informed of construction schedule; reinforcement before dredging is required; vibration must be closely monitored; Do not conduct dredging in the rainy season, place heavy machines near rivers, canals and ditches. Mitigation of impacts on waterway transport: local people will be informed of the project Page 3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project schedule before construction; Coordinate with waterway management unit to plug flags on the waterway to be used by the project. Mitigation of odors from dredged materials: The progress of each dredging stage will be infomred to surrounding people; the dredged materials must be transported to the dumping site by specialized trucks; Dredged materials are not allowed to gathered along canals; use of lime powder is proposed to control odors; the construction activities shall be not conducted in relaxation duration of local people and limited after 18h; Close consultation with local people and communities for appropriate mitigation measures; Provide appropriate personal protective equipment for all workers; Prepare a management plan on dredging materials before construction. Mitigation of impacts due to leachate from dredged materials: Dredging activities will be carried out in the dry season; Leachate from sediment must be deposited in the sediment tank/trap before being channeled back the canals; Dredging materials must use specialized trucks with trunk; the dredging activities must not be carried out in during irrigation for agricultural production; Prepare a dredging materials management plan before construction. Mitigation of impacts on agricultural production: The community must be informed of the construction progress at least two weeks before construction; Arrange drainage around the site to avoid soil and sediment erosion into rice paddies and canals; Regularly check the irrigation canals in the affected fields to ensure that the canals are not clogged by soil or construction wastes and, if affected, provide alternative irrigation water from canals to the place. that people ask for; Immediately repair irrigation canals in case of being affected by construction activities to ensure water supply for rice fields; Close consultation with local communities to ensure appropriate resolution of community issues and concerns related to construction activities is addressed. Minimize impacts on groundwater quality: Coordinate with local authorities to inform people about construction plans before implementation; Coordinate with the waterway management unit to flag the signal system on the inland waterway where the vehicles will pass; Provide appropriate personal protective equipment for all workers and ensure life jackets are used when working near canals. Safety officials must be always ready to rescue promptly in the event of an incident; Installing warning signs along the construction route on the ground and water (arranged instructions for road and waterway traffic). Minimize impacts on traffic at the bridge construction area: Ensuring the contract requires the contractor, before starting construction, to provide a construction plan with a detailed plan related to the areas including y health, safety, environment and traffic management for local authorities and approved by Construction Supervision Consultants; Notify local residents in advance (at least one week) of construction schedules and service disruptions, transportation routes. Notify the community of the night plan at least 2 days in advance; Installation and maintenance of the site bulletin, including the following: full name and phone number of the Contractor, Site Manager, Supervision Consultant and the project Owner, duration and scope construction; The Contractor should ensure lighting at all construction sites at night; Security guards at construction sites to inspect vehicles entering and exiting the construction area; Installing construction warning signs at the construction site and keeping signs throughout the construction period; Sediments will be transported out of the construction area during the day. Do not transport sediment during rush hour; Limit construction areas within designated area boundaries; Designation of traffic control personnel during transportation, loading and unloading, at construction sites and burial sites. Minimize impacts due to business disruption: Inform street business households of construction activities and potential impacts such as waste, dust, noise, traffic and little construction progress. at least 02 weeks before starting construction; Create safe and easy access for Page 4 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project households such as placing thick or thick wooden boards or steel sheets on ditches or pits; Do not collect materials and waste within 20m from the location of business households and shops; Do not use machines that cause loud noise and high vibration levels near business households; Watering enough to remove dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day in areas close to business households; Arrange personnel to guide traffic during construction, transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and waste, and to protect against high-risk activities; Clear the construction area at the end of the day, especially the construction area in front of the business store; Managing the workforce to avoid conflicts with local people and business households; Compensation for goods and products damaged by construction activities of the project; Immediately address any problems caused by construction activities and caused by household businesses. Minimize impacts on sensitive structures: Inform people of construction time; Do not transport, use high-noise machinery and build items that emit a lot of dust and noise through the Church area during major religious holidays; Installing fences and barriers for danger warning areas/restricted areas around construction areas with potential risks to the community; Requesting employees to strictly comply with the labor regulations; Recruit local labor. Environmental and Social Management Plan The UDCR ESMP plan includes measures to minimize negative impacts, roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, supervisors, environmental compliance framework, reporting organization, and control program. environment, capacity building program and ESMP implementation costs. Estimated cost of USD 186,000. During the construction process, ESMP requires the participation of a number of stakeholders and agencies, each with a unique role and responsibility, including the provincial PMB, Department of Natural Resources & Environment of Vinh Long Province, Contractor, Construction supervision consultant (CSC), Independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) and local community. Community consultation and Information dissemination Community consultation: Public consultation activities were conducted in 2 District/City in 11 wards/communes of Vinh Long city in January 2012. The consultation was conducted with representatives of government agencies and union organizations. such as: Representatives of People's Committee, Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee, Women's Union, households affected by the project. The local authority and people in the commune/ward in the construction area are completely in agreement on the implementation of the project, which will bring about socio-economic and environmental benefits. However, 14 affected wards/communes all require environmental sanitation during construction, especially limiting dust, gas, causing damage to roads and need to be completed quickly to ensure progress. Dissemination of information: The draft ESIA in Vietnamese was published at the offices of 11 wards/communes/towns and the PMU of Vinh Long City in February 2020 to conduct public consultation. The final draft of ESIA in Vietnamese was published at the offices of 11 wards/communes and the PMU of Vinh Long City on February 20, 2020. The final version of ESIA in English will be published on the internal website and widely available in March 2020. Page 5 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 1. PROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION 1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1.1.1. Background The Mekong Delta Region is Vietnam's agricultural base and one of the most densely populated and urbanized areas in the country except Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The Mekong Delta Region has an area of 40,604 km2 which is equivalent to 13% of the country's area and population of 17.6 million, accounting for 19% of the national population. Thanks to increased investment in industry, tourism, increased productivity in agriculture and strengthened connectivity in the region, the urban areas in the Mekong Delta region have achieved a high annual average economic growth rate from 13-20% in the period of 2006-2010. Despite its impressive economic growth rate, urban areas in the Mekong Delta generally have small or medium areas (except Can Tho City) with financial resources and relatively high poverty rate. Facing these difficulties, cities in the Mekong Delta have made all efforts to meet the changing needs of the population and the social and economic requirements of the people in the urbanization process. Access to basic services such as sanitation, clean water and wastewater treatment remains low compared to other large-scale cities. For example, while the proportion of people having access to the basic sanitation facilities in cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City reached over 80%, the proportion of small and medium sized cities in the Mekong Delta Region only reached 15%. Only a small portion of cities and urban areas have standardized wastewater collection and treatment systems, and majority do not yet have a collection and wastewater treatment system. In 2016, 14-30% of the population in the Mekong Delta cities belong to the low-income group, of which the proportion of ethnic minorities and the people with disabilities was quite high (over 20% of households with the disabled in Vietnam concentrate in the Mekong Delta Region - According to the 2016 National Survey on People with Disabilities). Many in this group live in low-income areas with shabby homes, lack of basic infrastructure services, serious environmental pollution, poorly constructed tertiary road infrastructure lacking connection with other infrastructure. Most of these residential areas face frequent flooding and the negative effects of climate change. As one of 13 provinces in the Mekong Delta region, Vinh Long is a strategical location along the economic corridor between Ho Chi Minh City/Southeast Asia and the Mekong Delta region, close to the two national economic development centers which are Ho Chi Minh and Can Tho City - the center of the Mekong Delta region. For Vinh Long province, Vinh Long city is the capital of the province with the provincial headquarters in social - cultural – educational aspects. Vinh Long City with an area of 48.01Km2, population of 143,135 p and 11 administrative units was recognized as a Class III city on April 10, 2009. Vinh Long City is located on the economic exchange axis with 04 National Roads passing through NH1A, NH57, NH53, NH80; connecting with the economic regions such as Ho Chi Minh City (130 km away), Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Dong Thap, Can Tho which is very suitable for the development of small industries, handicrafts, services and tourism. The Mekong Delta region development master plan, which was implemented by the Ministry of Construction and approved by the Prime Minister in 2018, defined the role of Vinh Long as the regional center for agricultural technique, agro-processing industry and support acitivities and the center for regional trade activities, regional center for training, research, technology transfer and eco-tourism. Ho Chi Minh - Can Tho expressway is currently under construction and Ho Chi Minh - Can Tho railway will continue to open up the economic development potentials of the city and Vinh Long province. Currently, Vinh Long City is one of the most seriously flooded cities in the Mekong Delta region due to the impacts of climate change. Situated between Tien and Hau Rivers, Vinh Long city has an average elevation of 1.25m, which is quite higher than sea level and frequently flooded when the river water rises or due to heavy rains. Part of the reason is a less efficiency Page 6 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project of the operation of the drainage system resulting from the deposition of canals. Additionally, canals, naturally discharging areas and encroached areas also leads to insufficient capacity to meet the needs of the local people. The people's encroachment on canals also degrades drainage capacity of the natural canal system. Besides, the sewer system that has been invested for a long time, asynchronously and not enough capacity to meet the urban expansion is also contributing to the increasing serious flooding situation in Vinh Long city. On the other hand, the urban development lacks control, the technical and social infrastructure are not synchronized and overloaded; environmental pollution is increasingly serious due to untreated garbage and wastewater, which is discharged directly into the environment; the process of urban construction and development also wastes natural resources, consumes a lot of energy and generates a large amount of emmissions, causing ecological imbalances and environmental degradation; urban space structure is not reasonable, land for welfare and public works is not much, land for grenenery and water storage is still low; Construction work still remains spontaneously towards the trend of "oil slicks" on potential agricultural areas, along traffic routes. Therefore, in long term, there will be negative consequences on the environment, the quality of public services and other social security issues. The spread of development and the lack of clear development drivers make the economy develop slowly; The rapid growth rate of the city has surpassed the management capacity of the local authorities. Therefore, upgrading the wastewater collection and treatment system, increasing investment in infrastructure help reduce the risk of flooding and applying green infrastructure elements to increase water storage capacity and develop targeted infrastructures to connect and expand urban space have become the top priorities of the city in recent years. Recognizing the shortcomings in the urban development process, in recent years, Vinh Long People's Committee has used many resources to gradually improve the infrastructure in Vinh Long City. In 2018, the World Bank also approved and supported Vinh Long City with an urban infrastructure project, the Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project (SUUP) - Vinh Long City Project. The project has contributed to solving a number of urgent construction items for Vinh Long City in reducing flood and providing essential infrastructure to local people. However, due to limited capital, the project items only account for 15% of the city's demand for infrastructure improvement and urban development. Therefore, Vinh Long City is in urgent need of a comprehensive urban infrastructure project to solve all shortcomings in the central urban area as well as the items of connection and spatial development for the city. This also contributes to helping Vinh Long city achieve the targets of becoming a first class, modern and green city in the future. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has impacted many sectors on a global scale. Smart city models show practical effects and are an indispensable trend in the national construction and development of countries in the world, including Vietnam. The successful organization of the seminars on "Building a smart city and improving the capacity to access industry 4.0 for Vinh Long" shows the determination of the province in 4.0 revolution access-oriented socio- economic development and building a smart city in the future. For Vinh Long, orienting and setting specific steps for the roadmap to become a smart city is necessary and of great importance to the cause of construction, sustainable and long-term development of Vinh Long province. However, within the framework of this project, we build a smart city from the perspective of applying IT as a tool, means and innovating IT-based methods to make the City Government smarter, living environment and production and business activities become more complete. The investment in Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project, therefore, is essential which will contribute greatly to the development of the city, creating premise for building a sustainable city and towards a smart city of Vinh Long in the future. This implementation is fully in line with the Government's urban development plan and planning Page 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project towards green and sustainable city in the context of climate change adaption. The implementation of the project will simultaneously carry out the 18th task "Implementation of Urban Upgrading and Development Projects in high-risk cities due to climate change impacts" under Program 5, Decision No.2623/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on Vietnam Urban Development and Climate Change Adaption in the period of 2013-2020 and has gradually implemented solutions on infrastructure investment and development outlined in Decision No.417/QD-TTg dated April 13, 2019 on the issuance of the Master Program to implement the Resolution No.120/NQ-CP of November 17, 2017 of the Government on Mekong Delta Region sustainable development and climate change adaption. With such necessities and urgency, the project will create positive contributions to help Vinh Long City achieve development goals and deserve one of the major socio-economic centers in the Mekong Delta Region. 1.1.2. Project Objectives Overall objectives: improve access to infrastructure; improve transportation connectivity and reduce flood risks in the central urban area of Vinh Long City. 1.1.3. Project components The project comprises of 4 components: ï?¶ Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation The objective of this component is to reduce flood related risks and improve environmental sanitation in the urban core of Vinh Long city through investments in drainage, flood protection structures, sewage networks and wastewater treatment. In addition to improving the environmental sanitation conditions in the city, the upgrading of wastewater collection and treatment in Vinh Long will contribute to improving surface water quality. Design of this component will be based on existing national building codes and standards and investment proposals will be selected based on assessment of the flood risks, including flood hazard and the vulnerability of the affected community. Investments will consist of a balance between gray and green infrastructure (or nature-based solutions). Sub-component 1.1: Flood mitigation and Urban drainage. This sub-component will finance flood mitigation structures such as embankments and tidal sluice gates, rehabilitation and improvement of the canal and drainage system in the city core areas, as well as investments in green infrastructure to retain and infiltrate rainwater. A polder approach will be used for flood mitigation, which can be expressed as a structural system consisting of: i) a closed “ring embankment with tidal sluice gatesâ€? to protect areas on the edge of rivers from high water levels (i.e., river and tide floods); and, ii) a drainage system including open canals, sewers, storm rainwater retention, and pumps to facilitate run off of rain water. In line with city planning1 three polders will be established in order to protect Vinh Long’s core urban area (1,788 ha across seven urban wards) from river and tidal flooding. A hydraulic modeling study was completed to assess the city’s flood risk with updated data, analyze the cost benefit of various investment options, and demonstrate how green solutions such as retention areas could play a more important role as part of the overall flood mitigation strategy. The stabilization of the polder embankment will consider green bio-engineering methods. Where possible, the creation of amenities comprising green spaces with native and shade providing tree species and promenades with tracks and boardwalks along the embankment will be provided for both cyclists and pedestrians in order to turn the waterfront into an attractive recreational area. 1 Flood Control Plan for Vinh Long city (approved by MARD in 2013) and the Adjusted Construction Master Plan for Vinh Long city (approved in 2020). Page 8 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Urban drainage investments will finance 30 km of new and upgraded drainage pipeline, as well as dredging of 22 km of canals including bank improvements. These investments are critical for enhancing the capacity of rainfall capture, retention, conveyance and infiltration in order to reduce flood risks and sustain the significant private and public investments in the inner parts of the city. The designs of drainage infrastructure are in compliance with existing national building codes and standards, and are based on up to date climate data. Climate change scenarios produced by MONRE have been incorporated into hydraulic modeling work for resilient measures such as green infrastructure and non-structural approaches. Secondary flow paths for the conveyance of flood water in excess of the drainage system capacity will be considered. Low lying areas in the urban center, often occupied by relatively low income inhabitants, are particular vulnerable and need extra care. The scope and design of investments in these areas will be developed through a participatory process, similar to that used under the SUUP. Sub-component 1.2: Wastewater collection and treatment system. This sub-component will finance the construction of a separated stormwater and wastewater collection system, including over 60 km of primary and secondary sewers, over 87 km of tertiary sewers, 5 pumping stations, over 16,000 household connections and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Wastewater collection and treatment will be prioritized for urban inner areas (covering 7 wards including ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9), with an estimated service population of approximately 119,000 people (about 80% of city’s total population), covering a land area of about 2,060 ha. The treatment capacity of the WWTP in 2023 is estimated to be up to 15,000 m3/day-night. To improve monitoring and control, a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system will be installed at the WWTP. The project will provide technical assistance to explore options to involve the private sector in the construction and operation of the WWTP, such as a Build Operate (BO) contract with an operation period of 5 years, in order to improve the quality, sustainability and cost effectiveness of wastewater services. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy will be explored to meet a portion of the treatment plant’s energy demand. To maximize the public health benefits of the investments under sub- component 1.2, the project will conduct a community-based Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign to encourage households to connect to the sewer system and to maintain their connections in good working order. Sub-component 1.2 will also provide comprehensive capacity building and training for all stakeholders on managing the service contract of the WWTP and the network, including associated facilities, as well as institutional development and strengthening in the areas of: asset management; O&M arrangements including transparency and accountability mechanisms; connecting households to the network; improving septage management; and developing cost- reflective tariff mechanisms. ï?¶ Component 2: Strategic corridors development Development of the core urban area is currently segmented by several national roads with the inter-city traffic flow passing through the city, leading to safety concerns and air pollution. This component will finance prioritized investments in roads as identified in the City’s Master plans2, in order to increase regional and intra-city connectivity. Specifically, the project will finance three urban roads: the first two roads run through the existing built-up area, creating important vertical and horizontal links in the urban road network; the third road diverts inter- city traffic from the national roads and future expressway and serves as a development boundary to the south. Two of these three roads in the south also form part of the overall flood control 2 Draft Adjusted Construction Master Plan of Vinh Long City, and approved Adjusted Transport Development Master Plan up to 2020 with a vision to 2030 dated 2018 Page 9 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project scheme, serving as the boundary of the current and future polder system. The proposed roads will improve traffic safety by providing alternative routes for the inter-city traffic to bypass the city center, provide better accessibility for residents to jobs, education, and other services, and allow for mixed land uses and densification in less flood prone areas. Increased accessibility and connectivity as a result of the new and improved transport infrastructure is likely to increase land values and investment opportunities along transport corridors, which is value-creation that the government can capture using a variety of mechanisms. Land use regulations and development control will be carefully considered along the road in the south that forms the city’s development boundary. In doing so, the city has the opportunity to proactively guide urban growth to areas with lower flood risk and densify the urban core area, while minimizing the risk of urban sprawl. The project will also promote non-motorized transport options as well as consider the future creation of urban public transport networks in the design of main roads. The road width will be based on sound analysis of travel and traffic demand. Traffic safety issues will be thoroughly reviewed and addressed, especially at intersections with major roads and transit roads of national highways/bypasses, as well as pedestrian crossings. To address the potential impacts of climate change, road drainage structures will be designed based on hydrologic analyses that adopt climate change scenarios while the elevation of roads will take into account projected increases in seawater levels. The design will also incorporate international experience in nature- based solutions such as “green roadsâ€? comprising pervious pavement and water absorbing tree pits and landscape, as well as universal access criteria to provide a network of accessible pedestrian routes with appropriate tactile pavement and improved sidewalk space and pedestrian crossings, while taking into account appropriate parking spaces for motorcycles to reduce the obstruction to pedestrians. ï?¶ Component 3: Resettlement Area Development The project will try to minimize resettlement impacts through adopting fit-for-purpose standards and appropriate design, however, significant resettlement impacts are expected due to the proposed investments, particularly under the embankments in Component 1 and the roads in Component 2. An estimated 550 households may have to be relocated under the project. This component will ensure improved living conditions and security of tenure for those target communities who are subject to relocation and resettlement under the project. An investment for technical and social infrastructure at the resettlement site in Ward 8 of Vinh Long City will be proposed with green and nature-based solutions incorporated, such as park connectors, water absorbing tree pits and landscapes, pervious pavements, stormwater detention ponds, raingardens, etc. This resettlement site covers an area of 12.5 hectares which is currently agricultural land and not occupied by any households, easing the compensation process. In addition, the resettlement site is assessed to be appropriate, as it is just 5 km from the city center and close to National Road 53. Services (water, drainage, electricity, access roads) are already present along the proposed resettlement area, which will facilitate the development of the site. ï?¶ Component 4: Enhancing Climate Resilience and Leveraging Disruptive Technologies in Urban Management This component aims to improve urban management in a climate and risk informed manner and to set the stage for the development of Vinh Long as a smart city through leveraging disruptive technologies. The proposed project will support implementation of Vinh Long’s smart city ICT framework currently being developed, through investments in data and ICT infrastructure including software, in conjunction with counterpart fund from the province. Key investments under Component 4 include: an integrated flood risk management information system; a geospatial data sharing platform to improve data sharing across different departments; and an intelligent transportation system. Component 4 will also provide technical implementation Page 10 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project support to the implementing agencies in Vinh Long. 1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESIA PREPARATION Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project will be subject to comply with current Laws on Environmental Protection of the Government of Viet Nam and the World Bank, as follows: 1.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV ï?¶ Laws - Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13thNational Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 23, 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015; - The Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13 passed by the 7th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18th June 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015; - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 of the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 29, 2013 and effective from July 01, 2014; - Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of Vietnam, 3rd session dated June 21, 2012; - Labor Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 18, 2012; - Law on Urban Planning No. 30/2009/QH12 the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 17, 2009; - Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008; - Law on Chemicals No. 06/2007/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 21, 2007; - Law on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No.40/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 22, 2013. - Law on Road Transport No. 23/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008; - Law on Inland Waterway Navigation No. 23/2004/QH11 passed by the 11th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 15, 2004; - Law on Complaints No. 02/2011/QH13 issued on November 11, 2011; - Law on Cultural Heritages No. 10/VBHN-VPQH issued on July 23, 2013; 
 - Law on Occupational Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13 issued on June 25, 2015; - Law on dykes No. 79/2006/QH11 issued on November 29, 2006; - Law on plant protection and quarantine No. 41/2013/QH13 issued on November 25, 2013. ï?¶ Decrees - Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th, 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan. - Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Prime Minister detailing the Page 11 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection; - Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 of the Government on management of construction investment projects; - Decree No. 42/2017/ND-CP dated April 05, 2017 of the Government on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 on management of construction investment projects; - Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated March 16, 2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance concessional loans granted by foreign sponsors; - Decree No. 46/2015/ND-CP dated May 12, 2015 of the Government on quality management of construction works; - Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Water Resources; - Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 of the Government on management of waste and discarded materials. - Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated August 06, 2014 of the Government on wastewater drainage and treatment; - Decree No. 43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 by the Government detailing the implementation of some articles of the Land Law 2013. - Decree No. 44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government regulating land prices. - Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land. - Decree No. 155/2016/NÄ?-CP dated November 18, 2016 of the Government on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection; - Decree No. 25/2013/ND-CP dated March 29, 2013 of the Government on environmental protection charges for wastewater; - Decree No. 67/2012/ND-CP of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 143/2003/ND-CP dated November 28, 2003, detailing the implementation of Articles of the Ordinance on exploitation and protection of irrigation works; - Decree No. 113/2010/ND-CP dated December 03, 2010 of the Government stipulating determination of damages to the environment. ï?¶ Circulars - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated May 29, 2015 of MONRE on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans; - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of MONRE on management of hazardous wastes; - Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land; - Circular 30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, conversion of land use purpose and land acquisition; - Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated October 25, 2013 of MONRE on promulgation of Page 12 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project national technical regulations on environment; - Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated August 01, 2011 of MONRE on technical procedures for monitoring groundwater. - Circular No. 19/2016/TT - BYT dated June 30, 2016 of MOH on guidelines for occupational health and safety management; - Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated December 03, 2010 of MOC on labor safety in work construction. ï?¶ Applicable standards and regulations: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality. - QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality. - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. - QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Surface Water Quality for protection of aquatic lives; - QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on Water Quality for irrigated agriculture. - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality. - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. - QCVN 26/2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace; - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT -Soil quality - National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils. - QCVN 43:2017/BTNTM- National technical regulation on sediment quality; - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT -National technical regulation on vibration; - TCVN 6705:2009 - Normal solid wastes - Classification; - TCVN 6706:2009 - Hazardous wastes – Classification; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds. - TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External networks and facilities - Design standard. - TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water supply - Distribution system and facilities - Design standard. - TCXDVN 260:2002 – Kindergarten – Design standard - QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure Works - QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – Vietnam building code –Building planning; - QCVN 04-05:2012/BNNPTNT - National technical regulation on hydraulic structures - The Page 13 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project basic stipulations for design; - QCVN 22:2016/BYT -National technical regulation on lighting - Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace; - QCVN 24:2016/BYT – National technical regulation on noise - Permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace; - QCVN 26:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace; - QCVN 27:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on vibration - Permissible levels in the workplace; - QCVN 18:2014/BXD - National technical regulation on Safety in Construction. ï?¶ Legal documents related to the project - Decision No. 758/QD-TTg dated June 8, 2009 of the Prime Minister of the National Urban Upgrading Program from 2009 to 2020; - Decision 1659/QD-TTg dated 07/11/2012 of the Prime Minister on Approving the National Urban Development Program for the period of 2012-2020; - Decision 445/QD-TTg dated April 7, 2009 of the Prime Minister Approving the adjustment of the overall planning orientation for development of Vietnam's urban system to 2025 and vision to 2050; - Decision No. 2623/QD-TTg dated December 31, 2013 of the Prime Minister on approving the project on developing Vietnamese cities to cope with climate change 2013-2020; - Decision No. 403/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on 2014 approving the National Action Plan on green growth; - Decision No. 11/2012/QD-TTg dated February 10, 2012 of the Prime Minister approving the transport development planning of key economic regions of the Mekong River Delta up to 2020 and orientations by 2030; - - Decision No. 1397/QD-TTg dated September 25, 2012 of the Prime Minister on approval of the Mekong Delta irrigation plan for the period of 2012-2020 and orientation to 2050 in the context of gas change, climate and sea level rise; - Decision No. 1581/QD-Ttg October 9, 2009 of the Prime Minister on Approving the Construction Planning of the Mekong Delta region to 2020 and vision to 2050; - Decision No. 245/QD-TTg dated February 12, 2014 of the Prime Minister on approving the master plan on socio-economic development of key economic regions in the Mekong River Delta region till 2020 and reaching look to 2030; - Decision No. 939/QD-TTg dated July 19, 2014 of the Prime Minister on approving the master plan for socio-economic development of Mekong Delta region to 2020; - Decision No. 1723/QD-UB of June 16, 2004, of the People's Committee of Vinh Long province, approving the construction planning of Vinh Long city. 1.2.2. Safeguards Policies and Guidelines of WB The project environmental risks and impacts would mainly be related to the implementation and operation of the investments under Component 1, 2 and 3. The typology of investments included rehabilitation and improvement of existing drainage system, construction of sewers and a wastewater treatment plant, embankments, sluice gates, pumping stations, water retention structures, urban roads and a resettlement site. These moderate scale physical infrastructure Page 14 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project investments will be implemented in urban and semi-urban areas. This implies an environmental baseline with low sensitivity that is characterized by varying degrees of modification, ranging from complete surface sealing and absence of vegetation to highly modified patches of intra- urban habitats. The bulk of anticipated impacts would be related to construction works and include common risks such as dust, noise, vibration, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, water quality reduction, localized flooding and related unhygienic conditions, disturbance to landscape; interruptions to public services and infrastructure, traffic and traffic safety issues, loss of some trees, vegetation cover and benthic species, health and safety risks to workers, etc. Most of these are mostly temporary, at low to moderate level and reversible, however, some incremental disturbance and safety risks to the affected parties in urban and semi-urban areas when construction activities are carried out parallelly with those under the SUUP. In addition, there are also other specific risks and impacts related to the location and typology of investments such as safety risks related to UXO left from the war which ended in 1975, damages to existing weak structures due to dredging or piling, serious pollution from improper handling, storage and disposal of dredged materials, localized flooding, nuisance and visual impacts. The main risks and impacts during operation would be permanent changes in land use and elevated local ground elevation at and/or along the new roads. The new roads may cause access disruptions and community fragmentation, change drainage patterns, or increased traffic safety risks. These could result from poor planning/design and inadequate stakeholder consultation and engagement during project preparation and implementation. Induced development such as new residential and commercial structures along new/improved urban roads would be expected, however, with low to moderate impact within an existing urban zone. Regarding wastewater system operations, there are pollution risks due to failures at the pumping stations and treatment plant. Given the type and scale of the project related investment items, the level of GHG emissions is expected to be minimal. Changes in landscape, disrupted access to water fronts from river/canal side, pollution and localized flooding may also be issues related to canal and river embankments construction and operation. The PMU has limited environmental management capacity as existing staff do not have experience in projects applying ESF. Meanwhile, while at the same time they are also managing a Bank-financed SUUP project which has to comply with the Safeguard Policies. Therefore, there is a risk that the resources allocated for managing environmental and social issues of this Project may not be adequate, affecting the environmental performance/compliance to the ESSs of both projects. However, there is also an opportunity to encourage to hire qualified ES staff and pool resources for various projects. Although the PMU participated in a two-day ESF training organized by the World Bank in December 2019, its E&S capacty assessment conducted during project preparation revealed the need for further capacity builing in specific ESSs during project implementaiton. The environmental assessment conducted during project preparation confirmed the project’s environmental risks are classified as substantial at this stage. Environment and Social Standards (ESSs) that Apply ï?¶ ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts During project preparation the city prepared a draft Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in accordance with ESS1 based on the Pre-Feasibility design of the project. The ESIA described institutional framework, the project and baseline conditions, identified and assessed the potential environmental and social impacts and risks, and proposed mitigation measures. The ESIA identified and assessed the potential direct, indirect and cumulative E&S impacts and risks in the project life cycle, from pre-construction, construction and operation Page 15 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project phases. Common construction impacts and risks and type/location-specific ones were considered at construction sites and areas of influence. For component 1, assessment covered the land areas in the corridors behind the boundary of land acquisition along rivers and canals, where accessibility of local residents, drainage, structural stability may be affected. Particularly, the ESIA also covered temporary storage and disposal sites of dredged materials with attentions paid to leakage water, drainage, and slope stability. Regarding the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), assessment covered the serviced area in which communities will be disturbed significantly by pipeline works, the WWTP site and its buffer zone which will be affected by construction impacts and emissions during operation phase, the receptor of the WWTP’s effluent which is a small branch of the Co Chien river (the area at the WWTP’s outlet, downstream and immediate upstream as dual flow does exist sometimes due tidal effects) in which water flow and water quality, waterway traffic and existing/planned water users and dischargers would be affected. For component 2, the assessment covered the corridor along the proposed road alignments which will be affected by land acquisition, construction impacts and traffic safety risks and drainage and accessibility disruption during operation phase. Access roads to construction sites, camp sites and other ancillary sites such as batching plants were also covered. For component 3, the assessment focused on the risks and impacts associated with construction of the resettlement sites and the corridor along the access road. The Mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimize, reduce, and compensation/off-set) and other guidance in relevant ESSs were applied for designing the mitigation measures at various stages of project life. For example, siting of road alignments should avoid existing structures including residential houses (if resettlement didn’t provide any direct development opportunities) and sensitive features such as cultural/historical sites, army base, etc. The application of nature-based solutions approach as explicitly stated in component 1 descriptions in the previous section would help to minimize the potential impacts on rivers/canals-side vegetation. The projects’ overall potential socio-environmental impacts would be positive as they are expected to bring about: (i) improved environmental sanitation and urban landscape; (ii) increased wastewater collection and urban drainage capacity; (iii) minimize discharge of untreated wastewater into the environment; (iv) reduction of public health risks associated with water-borne diseases and related healthcare costs; (v) reduction of safety risks and asset loss caused by inundation; (vi) increased accessibility of local people to nearby areas; (vi) additional economic, social, environment and aesthetic benefits from the construction of linear parks along river/canal/lake embankments. The potential negative environmental and social impacts are assessed as moderate at this stage and associated with the proposed physical investments. These include commonly known construction impacts and risks, such as: (i) disturbance to the habitats of aquatic species; (ii) increased levels of dust, noise, vibration; (iii) pollution risks related to the generation of waste and wastewater, particularly moderate amounts of non-contaminated excavated/dredging materials; (iv) traffic disturbances, and increased traffic safety risks; (v) risks of bank erosion and embankment subsidence as well potential negative impacts to existing weak facilities during the river/canal embankment process; (vi) interruption of existing infrastructure and services such as water and power supply; (vii) disturbance to daily socio-economic activities in the project area; (viii) health and safety issues related to the public and the workers at construction sites; and (ix) social impacts associated with land acquisition and construction disrupting businesses, agriculture and aquaculture activities as well as waterway traffic due to construction related activities and mobilization of workers to the site. Rehabilitation of canals, rivers, lakes, and ponds within the citiy would generate a moderate total amounts of sediments. The main issues during the operation of project investments includes the small amount of sludge generated from sewage and drainage systems, the WWTP, management of the small amount of wastewater and domestic solid waste from the upgraded LIAs and resettlement areas; traffic Page 16 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project management during the operation of the newly constructed roads and bridge; maintenance to ensure the stability of the embankments and aesthetic values of the rehabilitated canals/rivers/lakes and ponds. These impacts are long-term, moderate and manageable. An Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) has been prepared as an integral part of the ESIA to: (i) ensure compliance with the applicable provincial and national laws, regulations, standards, and guidelines; (ii) ensure that there is sufficient allocation of resources within the project budget for implementation of ESMP-related activities; (iii) ensure that environmental risks associated with the project are properly managed; (iv) respond to emerging and unforeseen environmental issues not identified in the project ESIA; (v) provide feedback for continual improvement in environmental performance. Since the project Feasibility Study (FS) has not been initiated, the is a lack of more technical details in the project design including some project locations of some investment items, detailed field survey and sample analysis, use of materials and resources, etc. The environmental and social assessment process will be continue in parallel with preration of the FS for more complete detialed of assessment E&S risks and impacts and environmental and social recommendations for the feasibility and/or engineering design to promote good environmental practices and address some construction or operational impacts. A draft Environmental Social Commitment Plan (ESCP) has been prepared and include a requirement that the city will complete the ESIA including the ESMP in accordance with ESS1 during project preparation and implementation and to the satisfaction of the World Bank. In addition the ESCP set out other activities to be carried out by the city during project implementation and could be adjusted during the project life keeping with the evolution of E&S risk and impacts. A grievance redress mechanism has also been developed to provide guidance on the reception, recording, handling, and reporting of complaints that may be encountered during project implementation. The Word Bank EHS Guidelines has also been and will be applied for developing ESA instruments. Consultation during the preparation of ESCP, ESIA/ESMP and other ES tools and disclosure of these documents will be carried out in accordance with the ESS10. By Project appraisal, the Borrower has also developed: (i) a draft stakeholder engagement plan (SEP); (ii) a draft RPF; (iii) a draft labour management procedure (LMP); and (iv) a project level GRM. E&S documents have been disclosed locally and at the World Bank website, and will be revised as needed. ï?¶ ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure The project’s key stakeholders include the project implementing agency, relevant authorities at provincial, city and ward levels, consultants, construction contractors, WWTP operators, and local residents. Interested parties include the Vinh Long ODA Project Management Unit (PMU), provincial authorities and branches (PPC, CPC, WPCs), the agency responsible for monitoring and management of environment and natural resources (DONRE), the agency responsible for monitoring and management of irrigation and flood risk management and natural disasters (DARD), the agency responsible for urban planning and construction management (DOC), the department of transport (DOT) is responsible for planning, design and maintenance of transport system, the department of information and communication (DOIC) is responsible for ICT smart city framework, the department of culture, sport and tourism (DOCST) is responsible for tourist attraction and planning, and the Urban Public Works Companies (waste water and drainage, water supply, lighting, etc.). In addition, the Provincial Committee for Flood and Storm Control (CFSC) has a mandate to coordinate flood management and emergency response. There is a need to strengthen coordination of these Page 17 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project fragmented institutional structures and consolidate the operations and maintenance strategy as part of an integrated flood management system. Also, collaboration with local administrations will be crucial for ensuring project management and implementation to required standards. In addition, other interested parties include mass media, research institutes/academies, local/international NGOs and development partners (ADB) working in the same area, mass organizations such as the Fatherland Front, the Women’s Union and the Farmer’s Union, and private businesses. The Bank team is currently discussing about a potential co-financing opportunity for selected investments related to wastewater collection and treatment under Component 1 with the DRIVE program being implemented by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO), on behalf of the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of the Netherlands. Of the key stakeholders who are affected parties, of primary concern are the poor/disadvantaged affected households that make up the residents of the low income areas likely to benefit by the project, but also who are likely to be most affected by the works. The Bank team collaborated with the Borrower in identifying “disadvantaged or vulnerableâ€? project-affected individuals, or groups during stakeholder identification and analysis. A stakeholder engagement plan (SEP) has been developed for this project to ensure transparency and meaningful consultation with the affected and interested parties. Stakeholder engagement and consultations will be conducted throughout the project cycle.. Regarding public disclosure, the E&S instruments prepared will be disclosed locally and made available in the Borrower’s website and Bank’s external portal. For component 1, the beneficiaries should be in particular consulted on: (i) choice of the optimal options for the project roads alignment; (ii) choice of options for the engaged at early stage of tertiary sewer design of the plan for household connection. Local residents should be invited to discuss on the proposals for inner city canal embankments (width of site clearance); (iii) layout of the Resettlement Area; (iv) selection of process used for the WWTP and the impacts on the surrounding areas; (v) locations of camps and storage areas; and (vi) timing of the possible additional land acquisition along the Bank financed project roads. Consultation will take place in particular improvements and their commitments protecting the improved canals during the operation. Gender-segregated consultations will also be conducted. The different needs for women and men (e.g., differentiated travel patterns, perception of safety, and universal access intersection design principles) should also be consulted with both local authorities (particularly DOT, DOC) and local residents. During the construction phase, the contractors would be required to carry out consultation with local authority and residents on siting the worker’s camps. As the city’s masterplan oriented Vinh Long development toward green city for tourism, DONRE and DOCST should be engaged in the design of relevant infrastructure such as bridges, canal/river embankments etc. The SEP, along with other social and environmental instruments, will be subject to public consultation and disclosure per requirements of ESS10, and will be treated as a live document, to be regularly updated during project implementation. A project-wide Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been developed, and will be established in coordination with localized grievance redress processes in order to ensure that concerns are captured and addressed by the project Management Unit. The existing GRM is the already- established mechanism embedded in all administrative levels (e.g. one stop shops at the ward and community level, and inspectorates at the city level), as well as and the people’s courts. This mechanism functions well in dealing with issues such as adjudicating land boundaries (at the commune level) or resolving the EHS impacts related to constructions. However, they can be less effective in addressing concerns related to compensation for land acquisition required by the project, or the allocation of resettlement plots. The project GRM will build on, and coordinate, these mechanisms to ensure that concerns are captured and addressed in a satisfactorily and timely manner. The SEP, GRM, ESCP and other relevant tools will be Page 18 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project disclosed in a timely manner, in an accessible place, and in a form and language understandable to project-affected parties and other interested parties as set out in ESS10, so they can provide meaningful input into project design and mitigation measures. ï?¶ ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions The project workforce will include direct workers (directly employed by PMU), contracted workers (recruited by third parties such as contractors or as consultants), and primary supply workers. The project is not likely to engage community workers, as civil works will be the responsibility of contractors. Overall, the workers in Vietnam have been managed and protected under a relative comprehensive labor framework including the Labor Law (2012), the Law on Occupational Health and Sanitation (2015), the Social Security Law (2014). The policies and regulations stated in this legislation reflect the principles of ESS2 on issues such as fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunities to workers, support the rights and benefits of the workers, recognizing workers’ rights to establish or join associations of workers, prohibition on sexual harassments/forced labors/child labor (under 15), etc. As the PMU is a government entity where laws and regulations have been followed, trade unions and official grievance redress mechanisms exist, minimal risks related to ESS2 for direct project workers are foreseen. With contracted workers, the majority (estimated at 200-250 workers during peak period) would be hired by construction contractors, many of them may come from other localities. The main risks would relate to health and safety at both construction sites and site accommodations where the workers are near or operating with construction machinery and equipment, and possibly some hazardous/flammable materials. Other risks relate to access to safe drinking water, power supply and limited availability of sanitation facilities. The occupational Health and safety performance of small contractors is usually weaker than that of the bigger ones. The ESMP will include a set of measures for managing these health and safety risks at both construction sites and worker’s accommodation. Although the number and characteristics of contracted workers can only be estimated after construction contract signing, the risks related to discrimination, forced labors or child labor in the project can be considered to be low based on the experiences of past projects in the Mekong delta region. Nevertheless, a labor management procedure adequately covering the aspects oultined in ESS2 have been developed, and will be enforced by inclusion into bidding documents for implementation and monitoring. These procedures will set out the way in which project workers will be managed in accordance with requirements of national laws and ESS2. These procedures will include measures related to nondiscrimination in the recruitment and treatment of direct and contracted project workers. The ESMP will also include measures to avoid and prevent potential hazards to workers under an OHS management plan (OHSMP) which ensure that all applicable health and safety legislation and the requirements set out in ESS2 and relevant sub-sections of the World Bank Group General EHS Guidelines are met during the construction and operation phases of the project. As part of each contractors’ C-ESMP, an OHSMP will also be prepared to include: (i) an occupational health and safety, communication and training program; (ii) provision of organization charts; (iii) safety regulations, responsibilities, accident and incident response and reporting, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), fire prevention measures, fall protection and emergency preparedness; (iv) first aid and emergency response and transfer during construction. Furthermore, the construction supervisors will be responsible for support services will ensure that all sub-contractors adhere with the project OHSMP and report incidents and accidents as well as non-compliances in timely manner. The Borrower will require the O&M contractor to develop, implement and maintain the OHSMP to ensure that all applicable health and safety legislation and requirements set out in the ESS2 and relevant sub-sections of the World Bank Group General EHS Guidelines are met during the operation. The borrower has developed, and where relevant include in the bidding documents, requirements for (ii) a Page 19 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project worker’s Grievance Mechanism (GM) which could address all workers complaints; and (iii) sensitization related to the availability of worker’s Grievance Mechanism (GM) and to the respect of code of conduct to prevent and address potential harassment, child labor, gender or GBV/SEA issues, intimidation and/or exploitation during the implementation of the activities financed under this project. The labor management procedures include assessment of OHS risks and impacts related to project activities as they are defined through preparation and proposed measures to manage those risks – in parallel with project ESA instruments. The main primary supplier of the project would be sand suppliers as stones and other construction materials would be bought from suppliers in Vinh Long or other provinces. The number of project primary workers is expected to be limited, with much of the work being done mechanically. Due diligence review on labor and working conditions of primary suppliers has been completed as part of the ESIA. Furthermore, ESS2 monitoring requirements, included in the ESMP, will also cover primary supply workers. ï?¶ ESS3 Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management The risks and impacts related to the use of raw construction materials and energy, release of pollutants, waste generation, the management of disposed dredged materials and potential other hazardous wastes, impact on community, have been preliminarily assessed based on the Pre- FS, and mitigation measures proposed during project preparation. The Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) process covered the risks and potential impacts on human and the environment, taking into account the standards measures in the World Bank Group Environment, Health, and Safety Guidelines. However, this will be further assessed during the FS process, including an ESMP proposing site-specific mitigation measures to address the site specific impacts during construction and operation. The mititation measures will be incorporated into construction bidding/contractual documents and C-ESMPs for implementation by the Contractor. In addition to such common construction impacts and risks and mitigation approach, type- specific issues with regards to resource efficiency and pollution prevention and management have been discused with the details to be elaborated during the FS process. Particularly, the construction of the roads and WWTP would require substantial volume of materials (soil and sand) for ground levelling. The ESIA will quantify the materials demand and the ESMP will include the measures to manage the potential environmental impacts related to the exploitation of such filling materials, to the extend controllable by the project, for example only accept materials from the licensed suppliers/sand mine/borrow pits. WWTP operational concerns would be: (a) impacts on water quality at the receptor by the treated effluent; (b) energy consumption level for pumping and WWTP operations; (c) materials used, gas emissions, sludge generation and system failure risks during operation phase of the WWTP. To address such potential impacts and risks, the Vietnamese National Technical Standard on Municipal Wastewater QCVN14-MT:2015/BTNMT issued by MONRE will be applied in designing the WWTP, such application will be in line with ESHG on Water and Sanitation. Energy-saving in relation to WWTP operations would be achievable through system design and application of alternatives (e.g. minnimise energy consumption on pumping by maximizing the use of ground gravity, greening the WWTP sites and office building to save electricity on air condition etc.). For pollution control and risk management during its operation, the FS will determine the siting and land area of the WWTP with adequate buffer zone in compliance with applicable national standards. Depending on the results of impacts and risks assessment, WWTP design may include the gaseous (particularly the odour-generating gases such as H2S) collection and system and standby treatment tank capacity to reduce the level of impacts and risks in case of system failure. As part of the construction contracts, O&M Manuals for the operation of the WWTP will also include sludge treatment unit and/or procedures for the handling, temporary storage, transportation and final disposal of the material used for wastewater treatment sludge that are Page 20 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project environmentally sound and safe to human health (both the workers and the potentially affected communities). During operation phase, while the volumes of GHG emitted from the proposed WWTP will depend on the chosen treatment technology and processes which is yet to be determined, it is expected that GHG emission from wastewater treatment processes in the WWTP would be less than the case of “without projectâ€? where wastewater is not collected and GHG would be released from the stagnant water at many places within and surrounding residential areas. In short, as GHG emissions from this project will be small and dispersed, thus undertaking GHG gross estimation is not necessary. With the drainage system, the main concerns would be during construction phase as there will be some dredging activities. Odour, visual impacts, soil and water pollution due to dredged materials and leakage water could be issues caused by dredging, temporary storage, handling, transportation and final disposal of the dredging materials. The ESMP includes a Dredging and Dredged Material Management Plan (DDMMP) will be prepared to: (i) characterize the dredged materials qualitatively and quantitively; (ii) identify and assess the potential impacts and risks associated with all stages of the dredging process; (iii) propose mitigation measures which may include dredging methods and design of the temporary and final disposal sites; and (iv) monitoring plan. The costs associated with the mitigation measures applicable to dredging process will be incorporated into the project costs. Based on the DDMMP, after contract signing the contractors of relevant bid package will also prepare C-DDMMP detailing the mitigation measures and monitoring activities applicable to their package. The ESMP also considers opportunities for beneficial use of the dredged materials such as ground levelling or tree planting provided that the quality of materials is suitable for such purposes. For the ring roads, with better road surface conditions and less traffic on the urban roads, vehicles can maintain more stable speed thus emissions from exhausted will be less than the case of travelling on the other roads if “without projectâ€?. With limited length of the roads to be constructed, the net GHG emission along these roads is anticipated to be small and dispersed. Meanwhile, there are also existing national regulations for vehicle emission control such as the “National Technical on the fourth level of gaseous pollutants emission for new assembled, manufactured and imported automobiles QCVN 86:2015/BGTVT issued by the Ministry of Transport. ï?¶ ESS4 Community Health and Safety The aspects of community health and safety that need to be considered include waterway and roadway traffic safety in disturbed areas, community health issues and safety risks at the construction sites, hazardous substances related to the operation of the WWTP, and overall public security and safety, including GBV/SEA related to the influx of workers and security personnel. These risks and issues were assessed as part of the ESA process and mitigation measures developed and incorporated as part of ESMP for application during detail design, bidding, construction or operational phases. The engineering design will apply 100 years repeated waters to structural flood control such as a closed “ringâ€? embankment with tidal sluicegates/valves to protect areas from high water on the edge of rivers and will use 10 years rainfall returns for urban drainage. The design of these flood control measures (which may also include retention ponds) would incorporate design features that minimize waterfowl, mosquitoes, and safety features (especially for children, disable/aged people). Discussion would also be held with municipal government to set aside necessary resources for maintenance and inspection of the structural flood control measures. Regarding traffic safety, the ESIA/ESMP identifies, assess and monitor the risks related to traffic and traffic safety risks that would affect local communities and travelers. Mitigation and risk management measures will be incorporated into the design of roads and the intersections, and cost estimation. Measures to Page 21 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project enhance traffic safety in relation to the vehicles used by the project during construction and operation phases will also be proposed. Other measures to minimize the safety risks for traffic means, drivers and local residents are als proposed for the cases where road surface is occupied or disturbed by project activities. In relation to community health issues and safety risks, the ESIA/ESMP considers the treatment process and the requirements regarding the buffer zones of the WWTP and the design of the works will be compliance with applicable national design and construction codes taking into account the potential impacts of climate change, and with reference to ESHS and GIIP in order to ensure safety for community and stake holders during the construction and operation of the WWTP. The ESIA/ESMP also considers the incremental safety risks when the public is using the footpaths and the application of universal access in the design of the footpaths and along the new roads including those within the resettlement site. In terms community health and safety risks related plant operation, while the use of highly toxic substances in the WWTP operation is not likely, the ESIA identifies and assesses health risks of the pollutants emitted from and the chemicals used for wastewater treatment, and ESMP includes recommendations on the size of buffer zone . Also anEmergency Responsive Plan will be prepared as part of the WWTP’s operational manual. Civil works may result in the presence of workers from other localities the project area. Depending on the scale of each project, a moderate number of workers (200-250 workers) will be required for construction sites. This has the potential to result in impacts to community health and safety. Gender-based violence (GBV), sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), and the spread of sexually transmitted and communicable diseases, may occur especially among vulnerable populations in in the Low income areas. During preparation, the project assessed the ability of the client to respond to GBV risks, (iii) assess the risk of GBV for the project, (iv) established procedures to review and update risk assessments during project implementation, (v) identified and include appropriate mitigation measures for including in the project design and bidding documents (including worker codes of conduct). In addition, efforts will be made to manage the potential labor influx by developing a labor influx management strategy to be included in the ESIA. Furthermore, any private security to be retained by the PMU and Contractors will be unarmed, registered and trained (this requirement will be specified in the bidding documents). ï?¶ ESS5 Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement The proposed project will include a combination of structural and non-structural interventions to improve access to infrastructure and to reduce flood risk in the urban core area of Vinh Long city. Considering the scope of the infrastructure to be developed in the Component 1, 2, and 3, significant land acquisition may be required, leading to the loss of lands, relocation of households, permanent economic impacts, and restrictions to access to livelihood activities. There may also be land acquisition requirements associated with the disposal of sludge and construction materials leading to a permanent loss of crops, trees and land-affixed assets. Permanent acquisition of residential, garden, agricultural, water surface areas and the permanent disruption of business activities will be required. There is also a risk of temporary restrictions in access to residential and commercial establishments, which could affect people’s livelihoods, and temporary land acquisition is also possible. The land acquisition requirements, household relocation, and impacts on livelihoods have the potential to be significant. The initial assessment indicates that there are around 1,800 households will be affected land acquisition, of which roughly 550 households may have to be relocated or resettled within their existing residential plots. Under component 1, it is estimated that impacts would include 200 HHs affected by land acquisition for the WWTP (including 30 HHs to be relocated), and up to 600 HHs affected by land acquisition for canal upgrading (280 HHs to be relocated). For component 2, it is estimated that up to 750 HHs will be affected land acquisition for road construction (215 HHs to be relocated), while under component 3, 12.5ha of agricultural land will be acquired from 120 HHs to construct a resettlement site. At this point Page 22 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project it is not possible to estimate temporary economic impacts that may result from the relocation of businesses vendors affected during the construction phase of component 1. The development of Resettlement Site (12.5ha) in Ward 8, under the Component 3, will be located close to affected areas and connected with the other urban areas, where current the land use is agriculture, and no residential structures are currently located. Based on initial assessment, the RS will have a capacity of over 550 plots (100-120sqm per plot). Considering that relocated HHs can choose to self-relocate, it is expected that the proposed resettlement site will cover the needs of HHs wanting to be relocated in a serviced resettlement site. Additional acquisition of land along the proposed new Vo Van Kiet Road and along the Ring Roads for future development, under city financed domestic projects, may also take place in the future. Even if these parallel projects are not considered as associated facilities, experience from other projects show that there are challenges and risks if two different resettlement policies (World Bank and Government) are applied for the Banks’s project and for City’s projects (primarily due to residents not distinguishing between the two sources of financing). Some sections of canals, where embankments will be upgraded under component 1, are densely populated. Households along these canals have LURC, permanent houses and generally stable livelihoods. Efforts will be made to avoid or minimize the potential land acquisition or involuntary resettlement during the project identification through the use of environmental and social screening tools in conjunction with early stakeholder engagement activities. During the preparation of the project documents, if legacy issues are identified, due diligence review will also be required. At this stage, only rough estimates are available regarding the project footprint and the scale/scope of impacts, therefore, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared. This is based on The RPF which prepared under the SUUP (Vinh Long is one of the participating cities), which was updated according to the project features, and the requirements of the ESF, and will be ready prior to project appraisal. The RPF includew provisions to provide compensation for the entire cost, relevant to customary requirements for the relocations of graves. Once the detailed designs are available, a Resettlement Plan (RP) will be developed. The RP will need to take into account the socioeconomic vulnerability of the affected population to avoid the risk of impoverishment, particularly among the people who do not hold property titles to the land they occupy, ensuring that the mitigation measures are adequate to restore their living conditions, including the analysis of options beyond cash compensation. Given there is a risk of restrictions in access to residential establishments and business activities, which could affect people’s livelihoods, the RP will include a livelihood restoration plan. ï?¶ ESS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources The initial assessment based on the Pre-FS finds that the environmental baseline of the project areas is characterized by a low sensitivity with varying degrees of modified habitats, ranging from complete surface sealing and absence of vegetation to highly modified patches of intra- urban habitats. The existing urban green space in Vinh Long city mainly includes small parks and trees planted along streets. There are acacia and eucalyptus plantations near the residential centre and narrow natural vegetation patches left, having some recreational rather than biological values. Among the limited native tree species planted in Vinh Long city (D ầu rái (Dipterocarpus), sao Ä‘en (Hopea ordorata), thị (Diospyros mollis), Viết (Minusops elengi), Bằng Lăng (Lagerstroemia speciosa), the Sao Den is in IUCN’s protection list. In addition, seven introduced invasive floral species, typically grasses, water-hyacinth and mimosa, have been found in Vinh Long city. The number of fauna species observed in Vinh Long is limited, mostly spiral (Callosciurus) and flying-foxes. There are also 18 bird species, 10 reptiles and 3 amphibians. At the provincial level, 117 fish species have been identified. Although the potential impacts on fish is likely to be limited as dredging would take place in dry season at Page 23 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project inner city canals, the potential impacts on the aquatic and land-based habitats in and around Vinh Long city will be further assessed in details during the FS process. The primary site survey at the Pre-FS stage found that some sections of the proposed road alignment would run through existing agricultural/ vacant land in the city. Canal improvement may disturb existing embankments where there may be some patches of vegetation cover. The project’s excavation and dredging works may affect existing green space, vegetation cover and trees, birds and aquatic lives. Given the location and environmental setting of the project, no impact on biodiversity is anticipated. However, this will be further assessed during the FS process. The ESA will include measures to avoid, mitigate, minimize or compensate for the disturbance or negative biological impacts through the siting of the works, engineering design or construction practices. Meanwhile, the project will review and implement measures to meet applicable requirements of the Province’s Biodiversity Conservation Masterplan (BCM), if any. In addition, the project also has opportunity to support the province’s BCM implementation, e.g. planting of protected native trees along the new/affected roads, promoting the maintenance/creation of vegetation cover along the improved canals etc. A cumulative impact assessment would be conducted in ESIA to inform of the selection the siting and form of structural and non-structural flood control measures. That assessment would take into account the potential hydrological changes, nutrient loading, pollution and incidental take, as well as project climate change impacts (ESS6, paragraph 8). ï?¶ ESS7 Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities The social assessment indicates that the project investments will take place within Vinh Long city where the majority Kinh people are dominant (99.6%), the remainders are the Chinese (0.3%) and Khmer (0.1%). Because the Khmer population are made up of individual households, residing in mixed neighborhoods with the Kinh majority, and have no collective attachment to the project area, this standard is not relevant. ï?¶ ESS8 Cultural Heritage There are known existing temples, pagodas and other cultural heritages in Vinh Long city, particularly the nationally-recognized sites namely the Long Thành, Tân Hoa, Văn Thánh, Thất Phủ, Công Thần temples. Siting of the project’s proposed works should normally avoid these existing physical cultural structures, therefore the proposed project does not require land acquisition or relocation of any sites with cultural values. The ESIA has screened to identify the cultural resources (including graves and cultural heritage) available within the area of influence of the project, preliminarily assessed the extent to which the project interventions may cause impacts to these known existing structures, and detailed adequate mitigation measures will be developed and included in ESIA during the FS process for implementation. The ESIA has initially assessed whether there are any intangible aspects of cultural heritage that may be affected or disrupted by the project, and this will be further refined during the FS process. As the project is expected to involve substantial volume of earth works at the WWTP, along the pipeline, new roads and canal, a chance finds procedure will be included as part of the ESMP. ï?¶ ESS9 Financial Intermediaries At this stage, no financial intermediaries are expected to be involved in the project. Relevance of this ESS will be further assessed during project preparation as part of ESA process. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines3 - World Bank-financed projects should also take into account the World Bank Group 3 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines. Page 24 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice. - The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project- or site-specific requirements. This project should conform to the EHS Guidelines. 1.3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.3.1. Location of project items The project is implemented in Vinh Long city with 7 central wards including Ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 with an area of 20.59 km2 and population of 109,124. Expaned area as the planning Area for the project study Urban core area Project area Expaned area as the planning Figure 1: Location of project area Table 1: Summary of the project’s scale No. Component/work items Investment scale I Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation 1 Construction of drainage Investment in construction of rainwater drainage system combined system with rehabilitation of sidewalks and trees in low-lying areas in core wards with an area of 2,060 hectares and a population of about 112,000 people. 2 Wastewater collection Connection to households: 26,000 households. and treatment system Construct main wastewater collection pipeline Page 25 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Component/work items Investment scale DN200 -DN800 with 58km long Construct approx. 49 km of service wastewater collection system DN160-DN225 Construct 02 sewer lines across Cau Lo and Long Ho rivers Construct 30 combined sewer overflow Construct 17 pumping stations. Treatment plant: Construct 01 WWTP, capacity 15,000 m3/day using biological technology. 3 Flood control in urban core area 3.1 Long Ho river Works include: Embankment by vertical gravity concrete wall embankment system, construction of walkway combined with operation management. 3km-long of both sides of Long Ho canal. Total length: 6km 3.2 Construction of tidal - Quantity: 9. sluicegate - Size: 3m -15m. 3.3 Improvement of the main - Total length: 22km. drainage canal system in - Works include: Dredging, soft embankment with precast the inner city concrete combined with ecological sacks with the slope 1: 1.5. II Component 2: Strategic corridors development 4 Construction of - L=3km. connection road between - Size: 6m+8m+2m+8m+6m=30m. ward8 and 9 - Associated technical infrastructure: rainwater drainage, waste water drainage, lighting electricity, water supply, technical trenches, relocation of domestic electricity grids and trees. 5 Construction of main - L=5.5 km. road No.1 - Size: 6m+8m+2m+8m+6m=30m. - Associated technical infrastructure: rainwater drainage, waste water drainage, lighting electricity, water supply, technical trenches, relocation of domestic electricity grids and trees. 6 Construction of main - L=5.8 km. road No.2 - Size: 7.5m (Green corridor) +7m+1m+7m+7.5m (Green corridor)=30m. - Associated technical infrastructure: lighting electricity, trees. III Component 3: Compensation and Resettlement 7 Construction of - Area: 12.5 ha. infrastructure for - Works: Leveling, building roads, water supply and drainage, resettlement area in Ward domestic electricity, lighting, greenery, parks, kindergartens, 8 markets and elementary schools. Page 26 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 2: General layout of investment items Page 27 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 1.3.2. Detailed Description on Vinh Long project investments Table 2: Detail description of work items Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement I Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation 1.1 Construction Location: Wards 2, 3, 4 and 5, Invest in construction of rainwater Number of of urban Vinh Long City drainage systems in combination affected drainage Current status of use: with rehabilitation of sidewalks and HHs: 130 system rainwater drainage system trees in low-lying areas in the urban HHs drains naturally, run-off on the core area with area of 2,060 hectares Resettleme surface and exit to surrounding and population of about 112,000 nt HHs: 25 canals. people. Technical conditions: drainage Invest in round culvert system from ditches are open, made of soil or D400-D1200 for roads in urban core cement, degraded. areas: 30,000 m. Current residential situation: Rehabilitate sidewalks in The population density is high combination with planting trees and The basin with rehabilitated drainage system in rehabilitated areas investing in lighting system: 240,000 m2. Rehabilitated residential area Page 28 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement Location: Ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 Total length: 22km, including Nga and 9 - Vinh Long City Cay, Tan Huu and Binh Lu canals. Current status of use: surface Works include: Dredging, soft water drainage canals of Vinh embankment with precast concrete Long city but have been filled combined with ecological sacks with and encroached. Plants and the slope of 1: 1.5. water hyacinth grow much on Dredging elevation: -2.0m. the main stream of canals The width of the channel bottom is causing obstruction of the flow. 10 - 18m. Current residential situation: Typcial section of embankment People live along 02 banks of canals. Typcial section of vertical riprap stone embankment Canals in the project area Page 29 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement 2.2 Construction Current status of use: Household connection: 26,000 Number of of wastewater Rainwater and wastewater households. affected collection and drainage systems of households Construct 58 km of main collection HHs: 0 Ward 9 Ward 1 Ward 5 treatment are combined system, naturally system DN200-DN800 Number of Ward 2 system dischage and exit to surrounding resettled Constructing about 49 km of service canals. HHs: 0 Ward 4 wastewater collection system Ward 8 Ward 3 Technical conditions: built by DN160-DN225 local residents, rudimentary, Construct 02 pipelines across the asynchronous and not collected bridges of Cau Lo and Long Ho rivers for treatment. Most are seriously damaged and degraded. Construct 30 wastewater overflow Scope of wastewater collection chambers Current population: high density - Construct 17 pumping stations. Diagram of household wastewater collection Rehabilitated households Page 30 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement Location: Thanh Duc Treatment: Construct 01 WWTP Number of commune, Long Ho district capacity 15,000 m3/day using affected Co Chien river Current status of use: biological technology. HHs: 200 agricultural land of local people Number of (rice). resettled Current residential situation: HHs: 30 There are about 10 households living away from the project site about 150m to the west. -About 3.1 km from Co Chien river. Location of WWTP of the project WWTP area Page 31 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement 3 Flood control in urban core area 3.1 Long Ho river Location: Ward 4 and 5 - Vinh L = 6.0 km; works include: Number of embankment Long City embankment by vertical gravity wall affected Current status of use: The land system, construct walkway system HHs: 600 area along Long Ho river bank combined with operation Number of is mainly residential land, a part management resettled is vacant land and land for local HHs: 280 people's business activities. Technical conditions: No embankment, river banks are in soil or households are living Location of Long Ho river embankment near the river banks. Current residential situation: The population is densely concentrated along 02 banks of Long Ho river. Cross-section of Long Ho river emabankment Existing banks of Long Ho river Page 32 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement 3.2 Constructing Location: Ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 - Quantity: 9 sewers. Number of tidal gate and 9 - Vinh Long City - Width 3m-15m. affected system Current status of use: the areas HHs: 0 - RC sewer M300. of intersections of canals and Number of water area. resettled - Current residential situation: HHs: 0 Most of the households live>30m from tidal gate area. However, the location of sewers 6, 7 and 8 is 10m far from the population. Location of tidal gates Front view and cross-section of tidal gate B=15m Illustration picture of tidal gate area Page 33 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement II Component 2: Urban strategic corridor development 4 Construction Location: Ward 8 and 9 - Vinh L = 3km. Number of of roads Long City Bbase = 30.0m, B surface = 16.0m. affected connecting Current status of use: The HHs: 150 B sidewalk = 12.0m. ward 8 and 9 route mainly goes through bare Number of B separator 2.0m land, agricultural cultivation resettled land. Associated technical infrastructure: HHs: 65 rainwater drainage, waste water Technical conditions: This is a drainage, lighting electricity, water new route, the terrain is mostly supply, technical trenches, relocation Location of the road connecting wards 8-9 flat land, interlaced by of domestic electricity grids and trees. residential areas Current residential situation: People live scatteredly along the route, however, they are concentrated at the beginning and the middle of the route with a distance of about 10-20m. Cross-section of the connection road between ward 8-9 Photo of existing road Page 34 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement 5 Construction Location: Ward 3, 8 - Vinh - L = 5.5 km. Number of of the main Long City; Phuoc Hau, Tan affected road No.1 Hanh Commune - Long Ho - Bbase= 30.0m, B surface = 16.0m. HHs: 300 District - B sidewalk = 12.0m. Number of Current status of use: The - Bseparator = 2.0m. resettled route mainly goes through bare HHs: 70 land, agricultural cultivation - Associated technical infrastructure: land. rainwater drainage, waste water Technical conditions: This is a drainage, lighting electricity, water new route, the terrain is mostly supply, technical trenches, relocation of flat land, interlaced with domestic electricity grids and trees. Location of main road No.1 residential areas, in addition, there are intersections of canals in the area. Current residential situation: The population are concentrated at the beginning of the route, close to the provincial road 53, in addition scattered at the intersections with the canals. Cross-section of main road No.1 The nearest distance from the project to the residents' houses is about 5-10m. Intersection with NH53 Page 35 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement 6 Construction Location: Ward 3, 8 - Vinh -L = 5.8 km. Number of of the main Long City; Phuoc Hau, Tan -Bbase = 30.0m, B surface = 14.0m. affected road No 2 Hanh Commune - Long Ho HHs: 300 - Reserve land margin width: 15.0m. District Number of - Width of separator: 1.0m. Current status of use: The resettled Main road No.2 route mainly goes through bare - Associated technical infrastructure: HHs: 80 land, agricultural cultivation electric lighting, trees. land. Technical conditions: This is a new route, the terrain is mostly Location of main road No.2 flat land, interlaced with residential areas, in addition, there are intersections of canals in the area. - Current residential situation: The population is concentrated at the beginning of the route, close to the provincial road 53, and scattered at the intersections with the canals. The nearest distance from the project to the Cross-section of main road No.2 residents’ houses is about 5- 10m. Intersection with NH53 Page 36 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Land No. Item Description Investment scale acquisition, Figures resettlement III Component 3: Compensation and Resettlement 7 Construction Location: Ward 8 - Vinh Long - Area:12.5 ha. Number of of City - Works: Leveling, building roads, affected infrastructure Current status of use: The water supply and drainage, electricity, HHs: 120 for planned resettlement area is the lighting, trees, parks, kindergartens, Number of resettlement area of agricultural cultivation markets and elementary schools. resettled area of ward 8 land. HHs: 0 Resettlement area Current residential situation: People living around the resettlement area, the nearest distance to households is about 10-30m. Location of resettlement area Resettlement area Page 37 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 1.3.3. Construction methods Vinh Long UDCR is a multidisciplinary project with diverse works items. Therefore, the construction plan and technologies will be based on each type of works item, specifications, construction conditions at the site and requirements on constructions. Designs and construction activities must closely comply with construction standards, regulations and practices of Vietnam and refer to international standards, regulations and practices applicable in Vietnam. The project’s works construction methods which are excerpted from the project’s “Feasibility Studyâ€? are presented below. Construction methods: Before construction, a notice to stakeholder is required so that the stakeholders can work closely together in the course of construction. This is an important and complicated stage that requires good cooperation of the project Owner and Construction Unit to ensure schedule and timeframe, promptly handle arising problems (if any). Prior to construction commencement, it should identify of the project boundary, prepare of service roads, determine of material supplying sources, prepare material and equipment gathering yards and human resources, etc. 1. Embankment Slope embankment with bank revetment - Excavate talus as designed, slope coefficient m=2. - Spread filter fabric flatly and pin tightly. - Pave macadam lining layer (1x2) with a thickness of 10cm, conduct dry rubble masonry to tighten the embankment foot. - Pour cement mortar, small-size gravel M50 with thickness of 5cm at frame of beams, 20m/frame. - Pour reinforced concrete M250 for the embankment slope frame with a dimension described in the design drawing. - The settlement between two reinforced concrete frames M250 is made of asphalt paper soaked with asphalt, 20m/settlement. - Pave macadam lining layer (1x2) with a thickness of 10cm to flatten the embankment slope - Arrange components in revement cells in a row, from bottom to the top. Install components at positions bordering with longitudinal and horizontal beams. If lacking component cells, it must pour on-spot concrete M250 with a thickness of 15 cm, the permissible space between two components is <0.5 cm. Construction of road on the embankment peak: - Clean of road bed: create a mold for flattening and compaction. - Pour cement mortar, small-size gravel M50 with thickness of 5cm. - Pour concrete M200 stone (2x4) width of B=1m, thickness of 15cm. - The settlement between two reinforced concrete slab is made of asphalt paper soaked with asphalt toward the longitudinal direction, 5m/settlement Construction of steps: - Pave macadam lining layer (1x2) with thickness of 10cm. - Stone masonry with cement grout M100. 2. Construction of roads Preparation - Site preparation: relocation of civil works, handing over the site to the construction Contractor. - Mobilization of human resources, construction equipment; agreement, application for Page 38 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project permit for construction. - Cleaning: demolition of all types of obstacles and structures in the construction site. - Installation of temporary culverts for irrigation. Construction of normal roadbed: Combination of manually and mechanically excavation of bulldozers, excavators, trucks, and graders and workers to excavate organic soil, sludge and clay to transport to regulated disposal site. The construction can be applied with each half of the road bed. It requires gathering the excavated soil volume that is not usable for backfilling of the other half of the road. Soil must be embanked layer-to-layer and compacted in compliance with the existing construction process to ensure the required tightness. Construction of culverts across the road - For normal road bed: Culverts across the road will be constructed at the same time with construction of road bed. Place temporary culverts to ensure drainage in the area. The road bed will be built at the elevation of bottom foundation, then the culvert will be installed. - Construction of foundation and installation of culverts across the road before embankment of road bed. The culverts are structured of centrifugal casting pipes which are manufactured at and transported by local factories. - Backfilling of soil on both sides of culverts with a min thickness of 50cm before construction of road bed to avoid cracks of the culverts. Construction of wastewater sewer - Excavation of foundation. Due to great depth, sheet piles will be used to stablize the foundation wall. - Foundation of the sewers is paved by a macadam lining layer with 10cm thick - Sewer pipes are made of HDPE, - Manhole for drainage is structured of at-place cement concrete C16. - Backfilling soil on the sewer pipes. Construction of longitudinal culverts - Construct the road bed to the bottom elevation of the culvert foundation. Apply a lining layer. - Install support blocks. - Install culvert pipes, joints. - Construct manhole by on-sport reinforced concrete. - Install curb inlets, curb, slabs. Construction of horizontal and longitudinal technical tunnels - Tunnels are constructed at the same time with construction of road bed - Excavate road bed to the bottom of the foundation. - Construct tunnels by a lining macadam layer and on-spot poured concrete. - Precasted tunnels are transported to the site. Construction of tunnel manhole by on-spot poured concrete. - Install slabs of technical components inside the tunnels. Construction of road surface: Repair and complete the road mold, compaction should be carried out to ensure that 30cm of road base under the pavement reaches the tightness K 0.98. - For road pavement of asphalt concrete:  Apply each class-II lower graded aggregate base layer under the Specifications on construction and acceptance of TCVN 8859-2011  Apply each class-I lower graded aggregate base layer under the Specifications on Page 39 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project construction and acceptance of TCVN 8859-2011  Apply prime coat 1kg/m2 on the surface of the graded aggregate base layer.  Apply hot mix asphalt concrete with medium-size-particle, thickness of 7cm. The construction orders of the asphalt concrete pavement must be in compliance with the Specifications on construction and acceptance of TCVN8819:2011.  Apply the tack coat 0.5kg/m2 on the surface of the graded aggregate base layer.  Apply hot mix asphalt concrete with small-size-particle, a thickness of 5cm. The construction orders of the asphalt concrete pavement must be in compliance with the Specifications on construction and acceptance of TCVN8819:2011. - For the option of cement concrete pavement:  Apply each class-II lower graded aggregate base layer under the Specifications on construction and acceptance of TCVN 8859-2011  Apply each cement-reinforced graded aggregate base layer 5% with a thickness of 15cm under the Specifications on construction and acceptance of TCVN8858:2011.  Pave a thick paper layer for flatenning  Install connection steel bars at connecting joints  Construction of concrete pavement layer by a specialized paver. SP-500 paver or equivalent is recommended  Fulfill joints between cement concrete slabs - Construction of sidewalks  Manually apply a concrete layer C20 close to the edge of cement concrete slabs to the height of curb bottom.  Install curbs  Apply concrete on slope of ditches (30cm width) close to the curb to create a slope between two manholes toward the surface inlet.  Apply lining gold sand layer on the sidewalks  Pave block bricks  Construct on-spot poured concrete C20 at the outer edge of sidewalk - Completion  Install power posts and signs.  Plant grass on the slope.  Apply road paint. 3. Construction of bridges on roads Construction of abutments and piers on land - Step 1: Site leveling.  Site leveling at the designed elevation.  Gather materials and equipment for construction.  Identify centerline of piles. - Step 2: Construction of bored piles.  Identify exact position of piles.  Sink the casing  Drilling to create holes and install and sink reinforced casing  Install concrete pouring pipe + hopper. Page 40 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project  Pour concrete for bored piles. - Step 3: Construction of foundation  Combine mechanical and manual excavation by machines and workers.  Drain water in the foundation, dam the pile head, clean the foundation.  Pave macadam on the bottom and concrete layer for flattening. - Step 4: Construction of foundation footing  Dam the pile head, clean the foundation.  Erect scaffolding, reinforced formwork, pour concrete for abutment footing. - Step 5: Construction of body  Backfill of soil in the foundation.  Erect scaffolding, reinforced formwork.  Pour concrete.  After reaching concrete’s strength, remove the scaffolding, formworks and completion. Construction of pier under water - Step 1: Construction of bored piles cá»?c khoan nhồi  Identify exact position of piles, install guide frame and sink the steel casing by working platform and vibrohammer.  Drilling to create holes and install and sink reinforced casing  Install concrete pouring pipe + hopper  Pour concrete for bored piles. - Step 2: Foundation  Use crane and vibrohammer on the floating system to drive the sheet piles surrounding the foundation.  After finishing the sheet piles, excavate the foundation at the elevation of the fouilk.  Pour the concrete for the fouilk. - Step 3: Construction of foundation footing  After the concrete of fouilk reaches the required strength, drain water in the foundation, insert support frame, ham the pile head, clean the foundation.  Pour concrete layer for flattening.  Erect scaffolding, reinforced formwork, pour concrete for pier footing. - Step 4: concrete pouring for pier body  After concrete of the pier footing reaches required strength, pump water in the foundation  Remove the supporting frame of pier body  Pour concrete for the pier body into stages.  Erect scaffolding, reinforced formworks, pour concrete for pier body. Construction of continuous box girder for cantilever balanced bridge by prestressed concrete - Erect scaffolding for constructing the main pier body; - Install formworks, pour reinforced concrete; - Erect temporary piers, scaffolding at the adjacent piers; - Stretch the prestressed cable, block K0; Page 41 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Cast remaining segements by cantilever balanced method. - Stretch prestressed cable upon completion of each pair of casted segments; - Construct enol blocks next to adjacient piers; - Construct closer section of the bridge; - Stretch prestressed cable of closer section for spans. Construction of approach span - Step 1: Installation of beam launcher  Beam launcher is transported to the site  Transport components of the beam launcher to the approach roads of the bridge - Step 2: Beam erection  Transport beams from the gathering yard, put beams into the beam launcher, use the beam launcher to erect beams in bearing positions  Install beam slabs - Step 3: Completion  After finishing beam launching for bridge spans, construct bridge deck, expansion joints, hand rail and completion Construction of main span - Step 1: Construct casted segments on the piers T3, T4 - Step 2: Construct close section of the bridge - Step 3: Completion Construction site: Based on the workload, the construction schedule as well as the topography of the construction area, overall site is described as follows: - The area of construction sites, warehouses, offices and shelters is planned to be arranged on both banks, specifically:  The bank toward Ninh Kieu: Arrange a site for construction of approach bridge, main bridge on the bank toward Ninh Kieu  The bank toward Cai Rang: Arrange a site for construction of approach bridge, main bridge on the bank toward Cai Rang. - Transportation of equipment to the site by waterway and roads.  Power from national grid, and back-up generator.  Water for domestic and construction activities: use water for domestic activities; also treated water from drilled well can be used. Construction schedule - For the above-mentioned construction schedule, it should ensure good preparation of compensation for site clearance, UXO clearance, preparation of construction sites, gathering of machines and equipment, interleaved construction of works items. - Construction of piers underwater in dry seasons. 4. Dredging and rehabilitation of canals Dredging of urban drainage system will use dredge pumps, specialized machines for dredging sludge, soil, wastes and insoluble solid objects. The processes are as follows: - Collect all wastes to specialized vehicles, cover by slabs, clean the constructed area, reinstate the area. - Coordinate with specialized agencies to transport all collected wastes to the approved disposal site and comply with set forth process. Page 42 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Soil excavation and sludge dredging in canals must be both mechanically and manually implemented. Canal bed will be dredged by excavators with bucket of 0.8m3. At the sections where the flow has been already formed, the dredging depth must be 0.8m. Meanwhile, for the designed routes which require creating flow, the dredged depth is at 1.5m. The dredged materials must be manually transported to the gathering site along the canal to be collected and transported to landfills. At the positions where the dredged volume is small and where the machines cannot access as well as the at the position repairing the talus, manual activities will be conducted. The landfills and borrow pits (if additional volume is required) will be discussed with local authorities and accepted by the supervision consultant before conducting following- up steps. 5. Construction of culverts Transportation of materials and equipment: The site is situated in the area which is convenient in both roads and waterway. However, with large-volume of materials and equipment, transportation by waterway is recommended thanks to economical factor. Conditions for construction - Embankment materials: Some works items will use soil for backfilling, including: pavement of roads, approach roads to the bridge, both sides of culverts, parks, etc. However, as the soil volume for backfill is not large, the soil excavated from the culvet foundation and canal can be enough. - Other materials:  Sand, stone and gravel: bought from Can Tho, Dong Thap or other suppliers in Vinh Long city.  Steel, cement: steel purchased in Can Tho. Cement is bought in Vinh Long city, Can Tho and neighboring provinces.  Hollow brick, solid brick, tiles: bought in Vinh Long city, Can Tho and neighboring provinces. Power supply - Power is supplied to serve for construction, management and operation of works items in the operation phase. - The main power supply source is from the national grid. Install 120 kVA transmission lines and transformer stations to get electricity from the 22 kV medium voltage grid in the region, lowering to 0.4 kV to serve for construction and management activities. - In addition, a back-up 33 kVA generator is arranged for construction and operation of works items in case of power outage. - Water for construction: use water for domestic activities of local people or water from drilled wells. Construction method: General regulations: The construction process and quality control must strictly comply with existing construction regulations of the State. - Water diversion for construction: As the bridge is constructed in the river in various phases, water flow will be diverted through the remaining section of the river and the narrow-down section must ensure the required drainage flow (frequency of flow diversion P = 10%). Based on the general diagram, the flow diversion is as following:  Phase 1: the water flow is diverted through the remaining natural river bed to construct nozzles near the shore and locks.  Phase 2: The flow is diverted through 02 constructed nozzles; and the remaining flow will be blocked to construct the main nozzles.  Phase 3: Water is diverted through 03 constructed nozzles. Page 43 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Water drain in the foundation: sheet pile will be erected to prevent water from overflowing in the foundation and water in the foundation will be drained. Then, water must be gradually pumped to avoid slipping and falling of the sheet piles. Normally, every 0.5m water level pumped, a suspension of 2÷3 will be applied to check the stability of the sheet piles. Also, it should observe the situation of the pile in the course of pumping in order to take prompt handling (if any). 6. Methods for construction of wastewater treatment plant and resettlement site in ward 8 Removal of the weathered soil layer, ground leveling in layers at the thickness of 200mm, compacted with K=0.95. Reinforced concrete: precasted, construction by pre-boring method. Construction and manufacture of reinforced concrete: on-spot poured concrete, the depth of the foundation is > 3m, constructed by excavation and use lasen sheep pile. Construction of road: - Construction of Graded Aggregate Layer:  Before paving materials on the roadbed, it requires to watering to the most suitable humidity for compaction. If the humidity is not suitable, it should carry out both watering and paving at the same time: Use Stec truck with with a hand-held nozzle, which is slanted toward the sky to create rain to avoid washing away small particles while ensuring evenly watering. Use a watering tank to spray in narrow spaces.  In the course of leveling and material paving, if there are waving, stratification or other abnormal signs recorded, immediate remedies must be proposed. For stratification situtation, the materials must be re-mixed mannually or replaced by new materials until satisfying the requirements. - Construction of asphalt concrete: Compaction of the mixture of asphalt concrete: Where the asphalt concrete is paved, it must be immediately compacted when the material conditions are suitable. Besisdes, material cracks and pushing must be avoided. - To prevent the mixture from sticking to the roller, the roller’s wheels moist must be provided by spraying adequately water mixed with a little detergent. After compaction, if the locally damaged parts are realized (discrete, too much asphalt, peel, cracking, etc.) are detected, the mixture which has not been cooled completely, must be removed; then applying the liquid asphalt layer at the bottom and surrounding the edge, and finnally pouring a good quality concrete mixture and make compaction again. 1.3.4. List of equipment, machines use for project Table provides a list of key equipment deployed for construction work. Depending on the nature of work, contractor capacity, and weather conditions the use of equipment may vary. Table 3: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for project No. Machines Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Excavators with one bucket, bucket 1. 1 5 3 capacity of 0.8 m3 2. Bulldozers 108 CV 1 5 3 3. Self-propelled graders 108CV 1 4 2 4. Excavator 2m3 1 4 2 Page 44 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Machines Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 5. Road roller 10T 1 6 2 6. Wheeled Compactors 16T - 3 2 7. Watering Car 5m3 1 4 2 8. Crane 130T 1 3 2 9. Mortar mixers 4 6 7 10. Water pumps 1 3 2 11. Asphalt machines - 3 2 12. Pile presses - 1 2 13. Generator 1 1 1 14. Tipper cars 2 6 6 15. Bending mowers 3 8 6 16. Electric welding machines 3 6 5 17. Welding transformers 1 2 4 18. Toad compactor 5 6 5 19. Concrete Drill 3 2 2 1.3.5. Demand for Raw Materials, Fuels and Disposal Sites ï?¶ Construction materials: According to the feasibility study report of the project, the demand for raw materials used for the construction project are presented in the following table: Table 4: The list and quantity of raw materials used for projects Volumn No. Work items Sand Stone Back- Cement Steel Excavation filling (kg) (m3) (m3) (kg) (m3) (m3) Upgrading drainage 1. 544,067 628 794 29,814 5,273 4,598 system Wastewater collection 2. 481,960 528 830 35,875 6,774 5,622 and treatment 3. Flood mitigation 900,095 1,987 8,419 42,196 6,685 9,506 4. Ward 8-Ward 9 road 1,134,833 2,065 1,184 580,114 15,544 20,700 5. Urban main road 1 1,365,732 3,277 1,209 405,876 28,397 32,866 6. Urban main road 2 1,274,372 3,562 1,544 450,978 32,533 35,892 7. Resettlement site 2,176,380 3,478 1,864 345,809 12,202 15,.212 ï?¶ Supply sources Materials such as sand, earth materials and gravel will be purchased from suppliers in Can Tho city, Dong Thap province or from suppliers in Vinh Long city. Page 45 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Steel, cement: steel purchased in Can Tho. Cement is bought in Vinh Long city, Can Tho and neighboring provinces. - Hollow brick, solid brick, tiles: bought in Vinh Long city, Can Tho and neighboring provinces . All the materials shall be tested for the quality according to the current regulations. If the materials do not meet the technical standards, the contractor shall change to the other qualified sources. Demands for materials and technical supplies will be in accordance with the construction progress. The material supply will take into account the depreciation due to transport and unloading. Table 5: Locations of Potential Stone and Sand Sources Item Sand sources Stone sources Earth Sources Supplier/Companies (Will be identified at later stage) Vinh Long city, Can Location Tho city, Dong Thap Dong Nai, An Giang Nearby province Distance from project 10-60 150 10-20 (km) Capacity (m3) 2,000 m3 to 5,000 m3 2,000m3 to 5,000m3 2,000m3 to 5,000m3 Transportation Domestic Waterway Domestic Waterway Road/waterway Environmental License Obtained by supplier Obtained by supplier Obtained by supplier Sand, stone quarries and soil pits are operational since 2009 with permission granted by Dong Nai, An giang, Hau Giang PPC. Their supplies are not only for infrastructure projects in Hau Giang but also Dong Nai and An Giang Province. The Vinh Long project does not involve large-scale extraction of sand, stone and earth materials, therefore, does not require opening of any new quarry. None of those quarries is an exclusive source for the project. ï?¶ Fuel and Power Supply Power will be supplied via the national grid, which is an easy access to the project area. Back- up power generator will be also in place to make sure the construction work will be not disrupted in case of power outages. Fuel, oil and gas are supplied from the local oil and gas company whose fuel station network is accessible to all. ï?¶ Water Supply Water sources for work execution will mainly come from Co Chien and Long Ho rivers. For construction areas that are afar from the water sources or the water is under quality, water tank trucks shall be used for transferring water to the construction sites. For domestic water use, depending on conditions of given sites, water can be supplied from the available centralized water supply schemes or the permitted groundwater wells at the construction sites. Where water schemes are not accessible, water from wells will be purified through an on-site simple filter system and/or clean water in tanks is supplied to ensure the hygienic/clean water is available for use. ï?¶ Wastes and Waste Treatment The construction works in Vinh Long project include roads, canal embankment, sewage installation, waste water treatment station thus the waste generated during the construction work will be typically solid waste, sludge and domestic waste and wastewater. There is no hazardous Page 46 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project waste generated as according to the quality test of sludge, metals are under acceptable limits but organic content is higher. Thus, sludge is classified as organic contaminated sludge. - Excavated soils: The amount of excavated soil estimated to be 128,378 m3 from the constructions of connecting roads, sewage installation, waste water treatment station, among others. This soil is reused for leveling where needed or disposed at Hoa Phu landfill. - Dredged Sediments: The estimates of sludge is about 42,000 m3 from the canals. According to the analyses on sediment/soil at the construction site (implemented by Tan Huy Hoang Environment Consulting Service Trading Company Limited VIMCERTS 076, the sediments from the canals contain levels of heavy metals. The sediments could then be used for perennial crops or planting tree for urban landscape purpose, based on the actual needs of local people. Otherwise, dredged sludge will be transported and disposed at Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao landfill. - Hazardous waste: will be collected and temporarily stored in the repository located in the construction area before being transported out for treatment at an appropriate waste treatment facility as according to the contract between the contractor and waste facility. - Domestic Waste: This waste generated from the activities of workers on site. It is estimated about 150 kg/ day and added up to total about 4,5 tons/month. ï?¶ Waste Treatment Facilities and Disposal Sites Vinh Long currently has 2 waste facilities: Hoa Phu landfill and Phuong Thao Waste Treatment Plant (WTP). Both facilities are located in Hoa Phu commune, Long Ho District of Vinh Long City, 13 km far from Vinh Long City. Waste from canal dredging and other solid waste from the project will be transported to these sites for treatment or landfilling. The contractor should make an assessment on the capacity and treatment technology of the facilities to make sure the waste to be treated appropriately and compliantly with the regulations. Positions and capacity of wastes treatment sites must be discussed and agreed with the local authorities. The sites will be selected on cost-effective analysis and get agreements by the local authorities. Informati on about the disposal sites are summarized as follows: Hoa Phu Disposal/ Landfill Site: Hòa Phú disposal site (18.36 ha) receives the solid waste and domestic waste from Vinh Long City and 5 districts of Mang Thit, Long Ho, Tam Binh, Binh Tsn and Vung Liem of Vinh Long province. The site managed by One Member Vinh Long Public Utility Ltd and operated since 2012 with total landfilling capacity of 86,000 tons. Currently, it received 70,000 tons already while the daily load is about 120 tons. The sludge will be physically screened to remove garbage before being dumped to waste cells, sprayed with biological enzyme and covered with 20 cm layer of sand to minimize bad odor. After 2- 3 months the sludge is dried out then can be used for leveling the disposal site. The leachate from the landfill is stored in a lagoon next to the sanitized landfill. The leachate is often pumped back to the landfill to increase the moisture, accelerating the biological degradation processes. Water level in the lagoon is measured and controlled to avoid overflow, especially in the rainy season. The treatment of leachate in the pond follows chemical and biological treatment, disinfection and being discharge to the natural lake. Phuong Thao Waste Treatment Plant: Phuong Thao WTP (8 ha) deploys a treatment technology from Germany (300 tons/day), destructing the original waste volume by 93%. The investment started in 2009 however the plant was closed in 2013 after 9 months of operation due to lack of input waste, low treatment Page 47 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project fee and other legislation obstacles. The WTP resumes to work since September 2016 after 2 years of closing with the support from the province authority in renovating the equipment and leveraging the treatment fee so the company can make a return. Currently, it receives daily load of 215 tons/ day from different districts in the province such as from Vinh Long City (120 tons), Long Ho (26 tons), Binh Minh (17 tons), Mang Thit (8 tons), Binh Tan (10 tons), Tam Binh (19 tons) and Vung Liem (15 tons). The WTP can treat domestic waste, medical waste and industrial waste. It is understood that the SWP does not recover the heat generated from waste incineration. The contractor/ province authority should check on whether the emitted smoke is toxic to the environment. Transportation dredged sediments and other waste from construction site to the waste treatment plant and landfill needs to be in good cover to ensure the waste does not leak along the transportation route. ï?¶ Demand on workers The number of workers for each construction site is 50 - 100. In order to reduce cost, create jobs for local people and limit social-environment impacts due to labor influx, local workers will be prioritized. Table 6: Expected number of workers at the sites No. Works Workers 1 Urban drainage system 50 2 Wastewater collection and treatment system 70 3 Flood control in urban core area 100 4 Road between Ward 8 and ward 9 80 5 Urban main road 1 50 6 Urban main road 2 70 7 Infrastructure of resettlement site in Ward 8 60 Total 480 Expectedly, the number of workers will makes up about 60%-70% of total labor at each site. Their age ranges from 18 to 35; their is a small number of qualified workers or managed (about 5%) at aged 35-50. At each construction site, the percentage of male and female workers is 75% and 25%, respectively. 1.3.6. Implementation Arrangements ï?¶ General information Line Agency: People’s Committee of Vinh Long province - Address:No. 88, Hoàng Thái Hiếu Street, Ward No. 1, Vinh Long city, Vinh Long province - Telephone:0703.823100 Fax: 0703.823774 Project’s owner: People’s Committee of Vinh Long city. - Address: No. 79; 30/4 street, Ward No. 1, Vinh Long city, Vinh Long province - Telephone: 0703 822143 - 0703 824383 Fax: 0703.834951 Project’s management and implementation: Project’s owner directly manages the implementation of the project. Page 48 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project ï?¶ Implementation arrangements People’s Committee of Vinh Long province will - Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment, relevant ministries, branches and agencies in formulating strategies and planning to attract and use concessional loans; formulating policies, measures to coordinate and improve the efficiency of the use of concessional loans in the areas of provinces and towns; - Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment in submitting to the Government on the signing of specific international treaties on concessional loans for programs and projects in their respective fields; - Ensuring the quality and efficiency of using concessional loan directly managed and implemented by localities; - Responsible for land acquisition, site clearance, implementation of compensation and resettlement policies for programs and projects in the area in accordance with law. - Organizing and directing the effective implementation of projects according to the approved plans. - Approving the feasibility study reports for the project in Vinh Long city. - Acting as the project Owner in accordance with the provisions of law, international treaties on ODA. - Coordinating with provincial departments to propose and implement the project from the project preparation step to the end of project implementation. - Organizing acceptance and handover of the ground and hand over of the project when the it is completed. - Organizing site clearance activities and handing over the completed construction work within the permitted scope. Project’s Owner – Vinh Long ODA Project Management Unit (PMU): - Carrying out the bidding in accordance with the current law on bidding; - Providing relevant information and documents for contractual parties and consultants to formulate and implement programs and projects; taking responsibility for the legal basis and reliability of the information and documents provided; archiving files and documents on programs and projects according to the provisions of law; - Taking comprehensive and continuous responsibility for the management and use of investment capital sources from the preparation of investment, implementation of investment and putting programs and projects into operation. - Monitoring, evaluating projects, managing and exploiting programs and projects; - Taking full responsibility for mistakes in the process of managing programs and projects that cause adverse consequences to the economy, society, environment and national reputation; - Responsible under the provisions of law, may have to compensate for economic losses or have to change the project owner, for the slow implementation, not in accordance with the investment decision and the decision on approval of the documents of technical assistance programs and projects, causing loss, waste and corruption, affecting the overall objectives and efficiency of programs and projects; - Other rights and responsibilities as prescribed by law. Page 49 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 1.3.7. Total investment The total investment of the project is: VND 5,113,960,000,000 equivalent to USD 219,400,000 (USD 1 = VND 23,400, exchange rate of December 2019 of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam). In which: - WB fund: 3,823,560,000,000 VND, equivalent to 163,400,000 USD, accounting for 74.5%. For this amount, there will be a part of grant aid from the Infrastructure Development Investment Program (DRIVE) of the Netherlands Government which is USD 21 million. - Counterpart fund: 1,310,400,000,000 VND, equivalent to 56,000,000 USD, accounting for 25.5%. Page 50 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 7: Total investment fund of project 1 USD =23,400 VND Amount (VND) Amount (USD) % No. Items Counterpar WB fund Counterpart fund WB fund ODA t fund I Component 1: Flood risk and environmental sanitation management 2,222,689,178,667 - 94,986,717 - 100% I.1 Construction of drainage system in urban core area 575,000,000,000 - 24,572,650 - 100% Construction of wastewater collection and drainage system in urban I.2 825,201,133,333 - 35,265,006 - 100% core area I.3 Flood control in urban core area 720,000,000,000 - 30,769,231 - 100% I.4 Construction and operation of flood risk management system 17,000,000,000 - 726,496 - 100% I.5 Construction supervision and contract management 85,488,045,333 - 3,653,335 - 100% II Component 2: Urban corridor development 961,139,754,545 - 41,074,348 - 100% II.1 Construction of connection road between ward8 and 9 150,212,500,000 - 6,419,338 - 100% II.2 Construction of main road No.1 414,746,931,818 - 17,724,228 - 100% II.3 Construction of main road No.2 339,213,409,091 - 14,496,300 - 100% II.5 Providing equipment for intelligent traffic system management 20,000,000,000 - 854,701 - 100% II.6 Construction supervision and contract management 36,966,913,636 - 1,579,783 - 100% III Component 3: Compensation and resettlement 87,500,000,000 611,187,000,000 3,739,316 26,119,103 12.1% Component 4: Urban management enhancement and climate IV 53,488,739,742 173,188,068,583 2,285,844 7,401,200 24,0% resilience IV.1 Urban management enhancement and climate resilience 22,000,000,000 - 940,171 - IV.2 Technical assistance and implemetation support 31,488,739,742 173,188,068,583 1,345,673 7,401,200 0% V Total I+II+III+IV 3,324,817,672,955 784,375,068,583 142,086,225 33,520,302 80.9% Page 51 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Amount (VND) Amount (USD) % No. Items Counterpar WB fund Counterpart fund WB fund ODA t fund VI VAT:10%*V excluding site clearance and project management costs 498,722,650,943 117,656,260,288 21,312,934 5,028,045 81% Contingency (15%) including physical contingency 10% and price VII 408,289,591,303 17,448,273 0% contingency 5% VIII TOTAL 3,823,540,323,898 1,310,320,920,172 163,399,159 55,996,621 74.5% IX ROUNDED 3,823,560,000,000 1,310,400,000,000 163,400,000 56,000,000 74% X TOTAL INVESTMENT 5,133,960,000,000 219,400,000 XI Ratio 74.5% 25.5% 74.5% 25.5% 74.5% Notes: the data will be updated in FS phase Page 52 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 1.3.8. Implementation Progress of The project Table 8: Project Schedule No. Items Completion date 1 Preparation of Project Proposal 06-2019 2 Approval of Project Proposal by the Government 02-2019 3 Pre-FS preparation 12-02/2020 4 Pre-FS approval by the Government (Investment Policy) 03/2020 Investment Preparation (Consultant for FS preparation and 04/2020 5 component reports) 6 FS appraisal by World Bank 04/2020 7 Approval of FS and component reports by PPC 05/2020 8 Negotiation of Loan Agreement with WB 06/2020 9 Project approval by World Bank 08/2020 10 Signing Financial Agreement 10/2020 11 Financial Agreement enters into effects 12/2020 12 Investment implementation 2021-2025 Notes: the data will be updated in FS phase 1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS In order to conduct environmental and social impact assessment, various methods and techniques were deployed in the ESIA as follows: Checklist: this method is a common approach which is widely to applied for defining the study area, sampling sites, identifying influence/impact areas, sensitive areas may be affected by the project’s activities during pre-construction and construction phases. Rapid assessment: Empirical emission factors and coefficients were applied for calculating fugitive exhausts and dust (TSP) emission; predict noise and vibration generation spreading over nearest settlements; greenhouse gas emission; solid and hazardous wastes; etc. For air emissions, Sutton model…., was adopted to modeling emissions of dust and exhausted gases as a rapid assessment for the project’s activities. Further, WHO’s rapid inventory source techniques (1993), including Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991) and Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands) were deployed for these rapid assessments. Expert adjustment: This method was deployed with the experts’ knowledge and experience, in associated with site investigation, on socio-economic development situation, inhabitants’ life, cultural and religious asset; natural environment (current status of baseline conditions on air, water and soil quality); regional and local climate characteristics such as hydro-meteorology, geology, geography, topology, and landscape; and ecology (flora and fauna characteristics); etc. Matrix: This technique was applied for the prediction of potential impacts caused by the project activities. This matrix is set up based on sources causing impacts and potential objects affected by the project. Comparison: Results of survey on natural environment and laboratory analysis were compared Page 53 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project with national technical regulations on the physical environment components to assess the baseline conditions of the environments in the project area. GIS mapping: Use GIS, coordinate to available maps (such as topographical map) and special soft-wares (such as MapInfo, AutoCAD) to create comprehensive maps serving ESIA process, including: maps of sampling sites for flora and fauna survey; maps of sampling sites for air quality and surface water quality. Field investigation and survey: Based on available environmental data and maps (topographical map, existing land use map of Vi Thanh city, etc), the implementation of on-site measurements, sampling, investigations and field surveys on natural environment components (air, water, soil and flora and fauna) in the project area was conducted throughout the year both in dry and rainy seasons. Sample analysis: All water, air and soil samples collected in the field were stored and brought the laboratory for analyzing. Public consultation: Public consultation is used to help identify opportunities and risks, improved project design and implementation, and increase project ownership and sustainability. Public consultation is specifically required by the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. A meaningful public consultation will be used. This is a two-way process in which beneficiaries provide advice and input on the design of the proposed project that affect their lives and environment, promotes dialogue between governments, communities, and implementing agencies to discuss all aspects of the proposed project. The feedbacks from consultation will be incorporated into the project ESIA and design. Those affected by the project include those resettled and those in the nearby communities affected by project impacts, intended beneficiaries of the project, key interest groups – depends upon the project, local mass organizations, including women’s unions, local, state and central governments, other donor and development agencies, and other stakeholders. Disclosure of information: Disclosure of the project information including the project safeguards and instruments will allows the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of the projects. Disclosure is mandated by policies for the WB’s Environmental Assessment, Involuntary Resettlement, and Indigenous Peoples. The project safeguards and instruments will be disclosed in country and in local languages and at the World Bank Infoshop, like all consultations, it is an ongoing process during the project preparation and supervision process. Statistical and data processing: All statistical data and documents acquired from local levels (Commune, Ward and City levels), as well as on-site measurements were processed and expressed in tables, figures and charts for interpretation. This data is systematized according to time, adjusted to serve the determination of natural and socio-economic environment situation; the analysis of trend in environmental change in the project area. These data are very crucial to make the basis of environmental impact assessment and prediction when implementing the project, as well as proposing countermeasures. Page 54 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA 2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS 2.1.1. Geography Vinh Long City is the economic, political and cultural center of Vinh Long province. The city has 11 administrative units with a total land area of 47.82 km2, bordering with: - Long Ho district in the East, South and North; - Chau Thanh district of Dong Thap province and Cai Be district of Tien Giang province in the West; Vinh Long city Vinh Long province Location of Vinh Long Province in MeKong delta Location of Vinh Long city in Vinh Long Province region There are 4 national highways running through Vinh Long city, including: NH 1A connecting Vinh Long city with Can Tho city and Tien Giang province; NH 53 connecting Vinh Long city with Tra Vinh province; NH 57 connecting Vinh Long City with Ben Tre province and NH 80 connecting Vinh Long City with Dong Thap Province. With just over 130 km distanced from Ho Chi Minh City, it is very convenient for transportation from Vinh Long city to the southern key economic region. 2.1.2. Topography Vinh Long City has a flat terrain which is slightly tilted in different directions: high in the Northeast, low in the southwest, high from Co Chien River and lower inward to the field. This area has a network of rivers and canals interlaced with elevation ranging from 1 to 1.5 m above sea level (Hon Dau national landmark). Inner areas include wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 with base elevation ranging from 1.4 to 2.5 m, while Tan Ngai, Truong An, Tan Hoi, Tan Hoa communes have base elevation of 1.0 to 1.5 m and that of fields of 0.5 - 1.0 m. Main types of geomorphology: Land strip along Tien River: This area is alluvial enriched annually during flood season. Its terrain is 0.3 to 0.6 m higher than common elevation of the inland fields. Its surface is mainly used for agricultural production (fruit gardens, paddy rice field) and development of housing, ports, public facilities and roads. Page 55 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Map of Vinh Long city’s elevation TIENG GIANG PROVINCE LONG HO DISTRICT LONG HO DISTRICT DONG THAP PROVINCE LONG HO DISTRICT Legend NOTE Figure 3: Map of Vinh Long city’s elevation Inner area: Land surface has been leveled for public works, housing, offices, roads with elevation +1.5 to + 2.5 m concentrated in wards 1, 2, 4 and 9, ward and commune facitilies, and some residential areas. Low density of construction, non-synchronous construction period has led to some high land parcels and some low land parcels (causing temporary flooding when there is high tide). Delta: This is the remaining part of the city, used for agriculture production (rice fields, fruit gardens). To protect agriculture during flood season, canals were constructed with elevation +2.0 to + 2.2m to function as containing ponds with area of 100-300 ha. 2.1.3. Geological condition Like many other areas in Mekong Delta, Vinh Long province has Kanozoi loose sedimentary soil located on Mezoic bedrock, with considerable thickness, around 800-1,000 m. Sediment types can be classified into the following main layers: - Holocene layer (QIV): located on surface to depth of about 35-48m. This is young sediment, including sand and clay. Grain components are from fine to medium. - Pleistocene layer (QII-III): The depth from 88 to 207m, containing sand and gravel and clay with marine sediments. - Pliocene layer (N2): The thickness from 304 to 359m, containing sandy clay with medium particles. - Miocene layer (N 1): The thickness from 420 to 440m, containing sandy clay with medium particles. Irrigation and infrastructure facilities are mainly built on Holocene layer which has soft sediments. This layer has a high clay content with lots of organic impurities, usually in water- saturated status, so it has poor load-bearing capacity. According to the survey documents of drilling lake in My Thuan and some geology documents, it has soft soil with poor load-bearing capacity so when implementing construction, foundation treatment is necessary. For canals, their banks contain soils with high content of dust and clay, usually in condition of water Page 56 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project saturation. Therefore, during design, construction and operation management, it is necessary to have protection and treatment measures to prevent erosion along canals. Materials used for construction are only river sand and clay, and other materials must be transported from other places, such as Ha Tien or from the Southeastern. Table 9: Geological properties of soil in the project area Layer Thick (m) Soil consistency (B) C (kg/cm2) Friction angle HST (mm/day) Layer 1 18 0.7 – 1.0 0.075 9 – 13 10 Layer 2 4- 13 1.65 0.03 26 10 Layer 3 3 -7 0.5 0.02 8 10 Layer 4 - 0.7 -1 0.05 29 10 Note: H.S.T is the permeability coefficient (mm/day.night), C is the cohesion coefficient 2.1.4. Climate condition, hydrographic and oceanographic a) Climate conditions: Vinh Long City is located in the tropical monsoon zone with anual hot and humid, high temperature base and little change during the year, the number of high hours of sunshine and rain distinguishes into two distinct seasons. Every year, the whole region is affected by two monsoons which are North-East monsoon, taking place from November, December to March, April of the next year. South-West monsoon occurs from May, June to October - November. South-West monsoon plays an important role in climate variability in the entire region due to high humidity, causing continuous heavy rains during rainy season. Duration and intensity of monsoons decides climate pattern in seasons each year. In general, the rainy season coincides with the South-West monsoon, from May to November, lasting 6-7 months, and dry season coincides with the northeast monsoon season, from December to April of the next year, lasting 5 months. Research results of the Climate Change Research Joint Venture (under the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology, Oceanology and Environment) in December 2016 showed that there have been significant changes in some factors of meteorology, hydrology and natural disasters in Vinh Long province. More and more extreme weather, meteorological phenomena and natural disasters such as heavy rains, tornadoes, landslides of rivers, canals, droughts and saline intrusion have occurred. b) Temperature Mekong Delta in general, Vinh Long province in particular has high annual temperatures, ranging from 27.1 – 27.60C. April is the hottest month with average temperature from 27.7- 29.40C, the highest average temperature varies from 35.7 to 380C. January is the coldest month with average temperature from 26.00C, the lowest average temperature is from 17.0-19.00C. Average temperature among different months varies between 2.70C. According to the Climate Change scenario approved by Vinh Long PPC in late 2016, in the average-case scenario, by 2020, the annual average temperature will be 27.64â?°C, corresponding to an increase of 0.44â?°C compared to the baseline period 1980- 1999. The average-case scenario also forecasts that, by 2030, the annual average temperature will be 27.87â?°C, corresponding to an increase of 0.67â?°C compared to the baseline period 1980-1999. A day usually has the highest temperature at 1- 2 pm and the lowest temperature usually at 3-4 Page 57 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project am. The biggest daily amplitude is in dry season (7-8ºC) and the lowest is in rainy season (6- 7ºC), the absolutely lowest is 16.2ºC for a short time during the day. Average temperatures above 35ºC lasts 4-5 days in dry months. 206 days/year has an average temperature of 26.0 - 28.0ºC. c) Humidity In Mekong Delta, humidity pattern is closely related to and decided by rain pattern. Based on the statistical data of Vinh Long province from 2013 to 2018, annual average humidity is from 83 to 86%. September and October have the highest average relative humidity, ranging from 87.0 to 90.2%. February and March have the lowest average relative humidity, ranging from 77.0 to 77.7%. d) Evaporation Annual average evaporation amount (Piche) in Vinh Long is 930 mm, which is lower than that of the entire Mekong Delta which is about 1000 mm and some neighboring provinces such as Tra Vinh: 1,137 mm, Can Tho: 1,148 mm. In dry season, because of much sunshine and low air humidity, evaporation amount is high. The highest is in March of about 115 mm. In rainy season, evaporation amount is lower compared to that of dry season, September and October have the lowest evaporation amount which is 51-53 mm. e) Wind: Two windy seasons are made of the northeast and the southwest monsoon. The former usually starts from November in the northeast and a little bit later in the Southwest, ending in April in the area near East Sea and a little bit earlier in West Sea. The main component is eastern wind accounting for 50 ÷ 70% of all occurrences during the month. The latter normally starts from May in West Sea, a little bit later in East Sea, usually ending in early October in West Sea and a little bit earlier in East Sea. The main component is western wind which makes up 40 ÷ 50% of all occurrences during the month. The average wind speed is 1.2 ÷ 2.5 m/s, the highest wind speed varies from 20 ÷ 24 m/s. f) Sunshine: Based on statistical data from 2013 to 2018, Mekong Delta in general and Vinh Long province in particular has high number of sunshine hours. The total number of sunshine hours per year is from 2,196.7 to 2,689.9 hours/year. February, March and April have the highest number of sunshine hours (average 7.8 hours/day). June, July and August have the lowest number of sunshine hours (average 5.05 hours/day). High number of sunshine hours per day is favorable characteristics for plant growth and development. It's a good condition for intensive cultivation of short-day crops. g) Rainfall Monsoon pattern gives Vinh Long province in general and Vinh Long City in particular a rainy season and a dry season which are considerably contrary. Rainy season starts from May to the end of November, coinciding with the period of the southwest monsoon, the rainfall during rainy season accounts for 93-96% of annual rainfall. Dry season begins in December and end in April of the next year, coinciding with the northeast monsoon with total rainfall making up 14-17% of annual rainfall. The annual average number of rainy days in Vinh Long is relatively high (on average 103-127 days/year). Similar to annual rainfall, the number of rainy days in a year tends to decrease gradually from the southwest to the northeast of the province. Based on statistical data of Vinh Long province in 2018, during rainy season in 2016-2017, rainfall increased from May (154-216 mm) and reached the highest level in September-October Page 58 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project (208-424mm; however, in 2018, the rainfall reached its highest level in June-July (233- 296mm), then gradually decreased, then by November the average rainfall reached only about 72-93 mm (in 2017-2018). During dry season, except for the first and the last months of the season (December and April), rainfall was around 34.6 mm per month with approximately 3-8 rainy days. During months at mid dry season, rainfall was approximately 5-6 mm. The lowest rainfall was found in February with 5 mm. According to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Vinh Long Province, in recent years, Vinh Long has experienced complicated climate changes. In the period from 2010-2018, the average annual rainfall ranged from 1,017 - 1,963mm (if in 2015, the rainfall reached the lowest level, in 2016 the rainfall reached its highest level then increased and decreased over the remaining years). There were changes in the highest and lowest water level monitored at My Thuan station over the years (the water level hit the lowest record in 2015 and the highest record in 2018). Following the province’s climate change scenario approved by the PPC in late 2016, by 2020 (in the average case scenario), the average annual rainfall will be 1,491mm, reflecting an increase of 1.33% compared to the baseline period. This average case scenario also forecasts that the annual average rainfall will continue to increase, reaching 1,501mm by 2030. 2.1.5. Hydrological characteristics Vinh Long city is under the irregular semi-diurnal regime from the East sea via 2 major rivers of Tien and Hau, Mang Thit river and a system of canals. Water level and amplitude of tide in the rivers are relatively high, tide spreading high, in flood season, the tide amplitude is around 70 - 90 cm in rainy season and in dry season, the tide amplitude varies from 114 – 140cm. Co Chien river is one branch of Tien river, has a total length of 90km, with length of 59km running through Vinh Long with average width ranging from 800-2,500 m, depth 20 – 40m, flow rate in dry season from 1,530 – 5,800 m3/s and from 9,900 to 13,400 m3/s in rainy season. Hau river is the second major branch of Mekong River running through Vinh Long with length of 46km, with average width ranging from 1,500 -3,000m; depth 15 – 30m, flow rate in dry season from 1,175 – 4,900 m3/s and from 9,100 to 13,150 m3/s in rainy season. Besides, the system of canals in the city is quite intricate, the average density of canals reaches 67.5 m/ha. Page 59 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 4: Hydrological network diagram of the project area Mang Thit river connecting Tien (Co Chien) and Hau rivers with estuary at the Tien river greater than that of the Hau river. Due to impacts of high tide from Co Chien river and Hau river, Mang Thit river flows 2 ways in and out the estuaries, specifically, in high tide, water runs in from Quoi An and Tra On estuaries and when tide descends, water runs out to the sea via these two estuaries, the water adjacent area of these two directions is Ba Ke estuary (Thay Hanh intersection) 17km from Hau river. Mang Thit river is not affected by salinity so it always has fresh water to supply for agricultural, industrial activities and daily activities of people in the area. However, due to the low-lying terrain of the land in northern area of Mang Thit river, it is very difficult for water drainage. Water level and amplitude of tide in the rivers are relatively high, tide spreading high, in flood season, the tide amplitude is around 70 - 90 cm and in dry season, the tide amplitude varies from 114 – 140cm and in combination with the inner canal system, it can be provided self- irrigation for the cultivated lad, help the crops and plant grow well. The project will construct 9 tidal sluices on the canals in the city with the location and current parameters as described in the figure and table below. Page 60 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 5: Locations of tidal sluices on canals of Vinh Long city Proposed width Number of tidal Current width Deep of tidal sluices Canals name sluices of canals (m) (m) (m) Tidal sluices 1 the branch of Nga Cay canal 20 15 -2 leading to Cai Cam river Tidal sluices 2 the branch of Nga Cay canal 18 15 -2 leading to Cai Cam river Tidal sluices 3 12 10 -2 Nga Cay canal Tidal sluices 4 Tan Huu canal leading to Cau 20 10 -2 Lo river Tidal sluices 5 the branch of Binh Lu canal 10 10 -2 leading to Cau Lo river Tidal sluices 6 the canal leading to Long Ho 20 10 -2 river Tidal sluices 7 the canal leading to Long Ho 7 3 -2 river Tidal sluices 8 the canal leading to Long Ho 7 3 -2 river the branch of the canal leading Tidal sluices 9 8 5 -2 to Long Ho river (Soucre: Pre-FS, 2/2020) Climate and weather condition are very favorable for agriculture in intensive crops and for development of natural biodiversity. However, the rainfall only concentrating in 6 months of rainy season and with alluvial flood from the upstream of the Mekong creates localized Page 61 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project inundated area, affecting agricultural production and living condition of people as well as biological environment of the area. 2.1.6. Natural Resources ï?¶ Soil: The land is formed by the deposit of retrogradation sea during the Holocene period (5,000 – 11,200 years ago) under impacts of the Mekong River. Soil type of Vinh Long city is categorized as alluvium sedimentation, sand ridge soil; soil from river dredging. ï?¶ Surface water resources: Most of the boundary of Vinh Long with other provinces is surrounded by Hau Giang and Tien Giang rivers so the city has an abundant fresh water source all over the year (Tien river in My Thuan: flow in dry season is from 563 - 1,900 m3/s and 10,406 - 16,300 m3/s in rainy season; Hau river: The average flow in dry season is from 1,180 -1,576 m3/s and 21,500m3/s in rainy season. In the rainy season (August - October), the river water carrying about 0.25 - 0.31kg/m3 alluvium can run 15 - 25km deep into the field, facilitating people’s cultivation and aquaculture production. With a fairly dense network of rivers and canals, Vinh Long has advantageous water conditions for agriculture and convenient waterway and road network connecting Vinh Long with Mekong Delta provinces and the whole country. Thanks to these favorable natural conditions, Vinh Long’s agriculture has developed with all-year-round agricultural production activities, the countrysides are relatively propreous, population is crowded and the garden economy is the province’s tradition economy. Mang Thit river connecting Tien river - Hau river is an important waterway of the province and the Mekong Delta region and it is also a development zone for sugar industry. Surface water sources in Vinh Long city are plentiful and varied. In the city, there are 2 large rivers flowing through Hau and Co Chien rivers, so it is directly affected by the hydrological regime of these 2 rivers. In addition, the city also has a dense network of canals, connected to large and small rivers and canals, creating favorable conditions for providing water for production and daily life of the local people. ï?¶ Groundwater resources: Vinh Long is also rich in groundwater with exploitable amount of 183,657m3/day. Groundwater found in 7 layers in which the shallow layer distributed within 100 - 150m depth and deep layer is at 350m depth. ï?¶ Mineral resources: Vinh Long province is poor in terms of mineral resources. River sand is distributed mainly in the rivers of Co Chien, Tien, Pang Tra, Hau, with a total reserve of 129.8 million m3. Clay, the raw material for production of brick, tiles, and ceramic products, has a reserve of 200 million m3 of good quality. ï?¶ Forest resources: Situated in the center of the Mekong Delta, Vinh Long is the only province that does not have forest. There are about 140,00 ha of land planted with scattered trees. The flora here has been replaced by the agriculture ecosystem and planted trees. Vinh Long is famous for its fruit tree orchards in islands where there are many specially fruits which are valuable for both agriculture economy and ecotourism. The fauna comprises mainly domestic animal and aquatic species. The fresh water fishery resources in the rivers of Tien and Hau, ponds, lakes, and streams are a great potential for capture and aquaculture. There are precious and rare animals such as weasel, viper, squirrel, boucal, crocodile, etc. and some imported animals such as ostrich, guinea-fowl, and monkey. Page 62 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project ï?¶ Biological resources: a. Terrestrial ecosystems Terrestrial ecosystems in Vinh Long include agroecosystems, urban ecosystems and industrial zones. These ecosystems are artificial ones with poor and unsustainable living organism composition. According to results of the report “Basic study, overall environmental assessment, studying and building guidelines and regulations on environmental protection for prioritized manufacturing and business sectors in Vinh Longâ€? of the Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development (2002), higher flora and fauna were recorded in Vinh Long as follows: - Higher plants: 218 species with their 65 families, 30 orders, 2 phylums (Polypodiophyta and Magnoliophyta). - Fauna (birds, mammals, reptiLIAs, amphibian): 103 species with their 50 families, 20 orders in four classes of fauna (mammal, bird, reptiLIAs and amphibian classes). The fauna recorded in Vinh Long province include: - Stork, birds, sparrow, spotted doves, suamp hen, ducks, chickens, geese, ... - Cats, dogs, cows, buffaloes, goats and pigs. - Amphibia amphibians (frogs): Represented by Kaloula pulchra, Microhyla, Bufo melanostictus, Rhacophorus leucomystax, Rana rugulosa),… - Reptilia: Represented by Hemidactylus frenatus, Mabuya multifasciata, Acanthosaura lepidogaster, Elapidae, Trimeresurus steinegeri, Columbridae),... At the project areas: The Project area has very limited natural flora and fauna due to its high level of urban development. Ecologically, the proposed Project location is not in an area of special concern such as areas designated as having national or international importance (e.g. world heritages, wetlands, biosphere reserve, wildlife refuge, or protected areas). Consultation with the local communities and site survey results show that the Project area is home to no endemic animals listed in the Red Book. The Project area is mainly residential and agricultural land, household gardens, and bare land which are heavily affected by human activities. The current vegetation area mainly includes brushwood, acacia, malabar almond trees, and coconut trees. The fauna in the area mainly include domestic animals such as chickens, ducks, dogs and cats. The flora along the bank of Long Ho and Cau Lo rivers, Cau Lau, Kinh Cut, Cai Sao Lon canals are mainly coconut trees, nipa palms, and bamboos owned by local residents. b. Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems are river ecosystems and pond ecosystems. River ecosystems have medium and relatively stable biodiversity. Pond ecosystems have poor biodiversity. - According to report “Assessment of fishery resources, protection measures and aquatic resources development in Vinh Long" of the Aquaculture Research Institute No.II and Sub- Department of Fisheries Resources Protection, there are 132 species of algae, 93 species of zooplankton, 69 benthic species. Most of them are freshwater species. According to the ESIA report of SUUP project - Vinh Long city Project, the species composition survey results in the identified project area include: - Phytoplankton: 75 species of algae have been identified in which Chrysophyta (24 species) dominates, followed by Cyanophyta (22 species), Chlorophyta (20 species), the Euglenophyta (8 species), Dinophyta (1 species). Average algae density reaches 2,100 Page 63 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project individuals/liter. - Ephemera: 52 species have been identified in which Rotatoria dominates with 27 species, followed by plankton (10 species), Copepoda (7 species), Lavar (4 species), Cladocera (3 species), Ostracoda (1 species). Average density reaches 74,000 individuals/m3. - Benthic fauna: 26 species of 13 families, 6 classes and 4 phylums. Mollusca dominates species composition. - The number of identified species varies from 15 - 20 species. At the sampling point in Tien river (in Vinh Long City) 20 species are found and at Hau river (Tan An Thanh commune - Binh Tan district) 15 species are found. In other places, the number of species varies from 16 - 18 species. According to Resolution No. 21/NQ-HDND dated 03 August 2016 on adoption of biodiversity conservation planning in Vinh Long province 2015-2020 and vision to 2030, Co Chien river corridor; Hau river corridor located in Vinh Long is one of six routes planned for biodiversity corridors. In the project area, there are no protected areas, national parks nor planning area for biodiversity protection. At the project areas: There have been no official research studies on aquatic flora and fauna in Long Ho and Cau Lo rivers, Cau Lau, Kinh Cut, Cai Sao Lon canals. Consultation with the local communities does not reveal any records on the appearance of rare fish or other aquatic species of concerns in Long Ho and Cau Lo rivers, Cau Lau, Kinh Cut, Cai Sao Lon canals. Wastewater from domestic activities along Long Ho and Cau Lo rivers, Cau Lau, Kinh Cut, Cai Sao Lon canals has been directly discharged into the rivers/canals. The river banks have been seriously encroached by shops and residential houses built along the river. Therefore, this area is not a major natural habitat of aquatic species and there are no species under threat which need to be protected in the area. There has been no recorded information on fish species which need to be protected or migrating fishes in the rivers of Vinh Long city. 2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE PROJECT AREA To evaluate the quality of environmental components at the project area, the project owner and consultants coordinated with a competent agency to carry out the survey on 13 and 14 January 2020, measurement and sampling of environment components in accordance with Vietnam standards and analyzing in the laboratory, as well as collecting relevant information and data. The methods of measurement and sampling, storage, transportation, treatment and analyzing of samples in laboratory are carried out in compliance with regulations of Vietnam’s applicable standards. 2.2.1. Air quality a) Sampling locations: Air samples are collected from 8 different locations in the project area and the surroundings following guidelines from technical regulations on QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The sampling map is presented in the below figure. The air samples are analyzed for common air pollutants, including total suspended particles (TSP), SO2, NO2 and CO gases and the results are presented in Table below. Page 64 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 6: The sampling map of ambient air quality Code Sampling location Coordinates Work items The starting point of road P8 connects P9 KK1 1133776 549559 Ward 8-Ward 9 road on Vo Van Kiet street The intersection of DT axis road No. 1 KK2 1130739 549729 Urban main road 1 with Dinh Tien Hoang street Ward 8-Ward 9 Intersection of P8 road connecting P9 on KK3 1132547 549002 road; Resettlement NH53 (near the 12ha resettlement area) site The intersection of DT 2 road with Dinh KK4 1129656 549143 Urban main road 2 Tien Hoang street At Lau bridge, near the starting point of Embankment of KK5 embankment of Long Ho river (near 1133664 552327 Long Ho river, Tidal sewer 6) sluices 6 Embankment of On Tran Phu street, near the end of Long KK6 1131847 553698 Long Ho river, Tidal Ho river (near Cho Cua bridge) sluices 8 The end of DT2 road on Dinh Tien Hoang KK7 1131465 552914 Urban main road 2 street Wastewater On the way near the Wastewater KK8 1132602 556818 collection and Treatment Plant treatment Page 65 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project b) Analysis results Table 10: Measurement results of ambient air environment in the project area QCVN WBG HSE Results (an hour average valid) No Parameters Unit 05:2013/BTNMT guideline K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 - 0 1 Temperature C 31.2 31.5 31.3 31.1 31.1 31.3 31.2 31.2 - - 2 Humidity % 50.1 50.0 50.3 50.1 50.5 50.3 50.1 50.0 - - 3 Wind speed m/s 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 - - North- North- North- North- North- North- North- North- 4 Wind direction - - east east east east east east east east 5 Suspended dust mg/m3 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.23 0.19 0.22 0.15 0.3 - 6 CO mg/m3 2.11 1.62 1.14 1.13 7.24 2.46 3.32 5.18 30 - 7 SO2 mg/m3 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.35 0.2 3 8 NO2 mg/m 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.2 - 9 Noise dBA 62 53 56 68 62 60 67 55 70(1) 70 10 Vibration dB 54 55 51 50 50 52 54 44 70(2) - Page 66 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Results of ambient air quality in the project area (are/are not) within the allowable limit. Concentrations of total suspended particular (TSP), NO2 and SO2 are lower than allowable limit specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT) and WBG HSE Guidelines. Vibration in the project area is/is not within the allowable limit (QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT). Noise level is/is not within the allowable limit (QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT) and WBG HSE Guidelines. 2.2.2. Surface water quality a) Sampling location: Surface water is sampled in canals, rivers near the project’s civil work and of the surroundings. There are 8 locations of surface water quality sample and the samping map are presented respectively in the below figure. Figure 7: The sampling map of surface water quality Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y Cau Lo River construction section to NM1 1133248 548038 Tidal sluices 1 prevent tides No. 1 Tidal sluices 2, Canal NM2 The canal is near the sluice gate No. 2 1132063 548038 upgrading The canal is near the sluice gate No. 3 and Tidal sluices 3, Canal NM3 the location to build a bridge across the 1130921 548038 upgrading, Urban main canal on the Urban main road 1 road 1 Tidal sluices 4, Canal NM4 Kenh Cut canal at tidal gate 3 1132492 548038 upgrading, upgraded residental area The canal at the location to build a bridge Canal upgrading, Urban NM5 1130791 548038 across the canal on the Urban main road 1 main road 2 Page 67 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y Embankment of Long Ho Long Ho River at the beginning of NM6 1133707 548038 river, Tidal sluices 6, embankment upgraded residental area Cai Sao Lon canal at the point of NM7 1132538 548038 WWTP receiving wastewater Co Chien River at the intersection with NM8 1134205 548038 WWTP Cai Sao Lon canal b) Analysis results The monitoring results of surface water quality in the project area is shown in Table below, surface water quality is basically within the permitted limits. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and BOD5, DO at some locations is higher than the allowable limit specified in QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT, National technical regulation on surface water quality in which column B1 is applied to water for irrigation purposes and column B2 is applied for other purposes. Page 68 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 11: Results of surface water quality in the project area QCVN 08-MT:2015/ Results No Parameters Unit BTNMT NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 NM6 NM7 NM8 A2 B1 1 pH - 7.44 7.63 7.56 7.82 7.55 7.47 7.51 7.57 6-8.5 5.5-9 2 Temporary °C 28.2 28.1 29.0 29.0 28.5 28.3 28.8 28.0 - - 3 DO mg/l 7.22 4.12 3.72 3.58 4.05 5.15 4.56 5.44 ≥5 ≥4 4 TSS mg/l 30.4 33.4 40.2 46.7 32.1 28.8 33.4 25.2 30 50 5 COD mg/l 25.4 44.2 34.1 33.5 41.6 27.8 32.9 23.6 15 30 6 BOD5 mg/l 11.3 12.9 20.8 18.7 22.3 11.9 21.7 2.71 6 15 7 NH4+ mg/l 0.21 0.51 0.53 0.60 0.44 0.22 0.57 0.13 0.3 0.9 - 8 NO2 mg/l 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.008 0.002 0.05 0.05 9 NO3- mg/l 0.44 1.12 1.51 2.31 1.93 0.52 1.82 0.25 2 10 10 PO43- mg/l 0.12 0.18 0.20 0.17 0.19 0.13 0.21 0.28 0.2 0.3 11 Chloride mg/l 21.5 24.4 23.5 23.3 21.2 22.7 23.7 21.9 250 350 12 Pb mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.05 13 As mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.05 14 Fe mg/l 1.22 1.33 1.24 1.35 1.19 1.18 1.31 1.12 1 1.5 15 Zn mg/l 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.03 1.0 1.5 16 Total oil and grease mg/l 0.33 0.53 0.54 0.47 0.72 0.42 0.57 0.22 0.5 1 17 E. Coli MPN/100ml 30 40 40 60 50 30 40 10 50 100 18 Coliform MPN/100ml 34x102 52x102 59x102 52x102 42x102 37x102 45x102 32x102 5000 7500 Remark: QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT (Column B1)- National technical regulations on surface water quality. Of which B1 standards are applicable to water used for irrigation purposes and B2 standards are applicable to other usages; ND- not detected. Page 69 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 2.2.3. Groundwater quality a) Sampling location: Surface water is sampled in the project areas. There are 5 locations of groundwater quality sample and the samping map is presented respectively in the below figure. Figure 8: The sampling map of ground water quality Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y Well of the local people living near the The resettlement area NN1 1132404 549439 resettlement area of 12ha of 12ha The well of the local people near the NN2 1132586 556842 WWTP WWTP area. Well of the people near the canal NN3 construction area on the Urban main road 1129686 549181 Urban main road 2 2 (near Dinh Tien Hoang Street) Well of the people near the embankment the embankment of NN4 1133645 552377 of Long Ho river Long Ho river Well of local people living on 8/3 street NN5 1132079 553764 Tidal sluices 8, 9 (Tidal sluices 8) b) The monitoring results of ground water quality in the project area is shown in Table below, the quality of groundwater in the project area is Mn (exceed 1.1 times) and Coliform (exceed from 1.3 to 2.3 times) concentration higher than the permitted standard according to QCVN 09- MT:2015/BTNMT. Page 70 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 12: Result of ground water quality in the Project area QCVN 09-MT: No Parameter Unit NN1 NN2 NN3 NN4 NN5 2015/BTNMT 1 pH - 7.68 7.31 7.22 6.79 7.25 5.5-8.5 2 Hardness mg/l 189 214 312 352 287 500 3 TDS mg/l 24.5 25.1 23.3 24.9 23.7 1500 4 Ammonium mg/l 0.041 0.044 0.042 0.039 0.051 1 5 Chloride mg/l 35.9 23.7 66.4 54.3 60.3 250 6 Nitrite mg/l 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.004 1 7 Nitrate mg/l 0.11 0.21 0.17 0.13 0.33 15 8 Sulfate mg/l 21.4 33.8 25.9 27.5 35.7 400 9 Arsenic mg/l 0.007 0.006 0.011 0.007 0.006 0.05 10 Cadmium mg/l ND ND ND ND ND 0.005 11 Manganese mg/l 0.15 0.23 0.55 0.43 0.42 0.5 12 Iron mg/l 0.15 0.34 0.26 0.44 0.62 5 13 Coliform MPN/100ml 2 5 7 3 4 3 14 E.Coli MPN/100ml ND ND ND ND ND ND Remark: QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ground water quality; ND- not detected. 2.2.4. Wastewater characteristics a) Sampling location: Wastewater samples are also collected at 5 locations in the residential areas. The sampling map is presented in the below figure. Figure 9: The sampling map of wastewater quality Page 71 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y From the residential area to a common The resettlement NT1 1132440 549501 sewer on NH53, near the resettlement area area, WWTP From the renovated residential area No. 2 The renovated NT2 to a common drainage system on Mau 1132144 551146 residential area, Than road WWTP The renovated From the renovated residential area No. 1 NT3 1133958 550957 residential area, to the common sewer on Le Thai To street WWTP From the renovated residential area No. 4 The renovated NT4 to a common drainage system on Nguyen 1134161 552356 residential area, Chi Thanh street WWTP The renovated From renovated residential area No. 6, to a NT5 1132340 553248 residential area, shared drainage system on Ong Phu street WWTP b) Analysis results: Collected wastewater samples are analyzed for 10 criteria according to the standards for wastewater quality (QCVN14/2008: BTNMT). The results are presented in Table below. Table 13: Waste quality measurement results Results QCVN 14: Criteria No Unit 2008/BTNMT Test NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 (Column B) 1 pH - 7.04 7.56 7.02 7.46 7.34 5- 9 Suspended 2 mg/l 171 99 87 125 88 100 Solids 3 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 73.5 89.4 47 211 52 50 4 Ammonium mg/l 4.5 5.2 3.7 4.9 3.1 10 5 Sulfur (by H2S) mg/l 2.8 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.8 4 6 Nitrate mg/l 6.2 8.1 7.4 5.9 6.4 50 7 Phosphate mg/l 4.2 2.6 1.4 2.1 1.9 10 Total surface 8 mg/l 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.7 10 active agent Animal fats and 9 mg/l 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 20 vegetable oils 10 Coliform MPN/100ml 55x102 66x102 39x102 41x102 48x102 5000 Notice: (-) Not regulated; QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on domestic wastewater quality The results of domestic wastewater monitoring in the residential areas showed that almost all wastewater parameters in the common drainage culverts are within allowable limit, excepting for BOD5 and Coliform of the NT1 and NT2 sample taken from the renovated residential area No. 2 and the resettlement site exceeds as BOD5 (exceed from 1.04 to 1.8 times) and Coliform (exceed from 1.1 to 1.3 times) as allowable level of QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT, Column B. Page 72 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 2.2.5. Soil quality a) Sampling location: Soil quality samples are conducted in the project areas, along proposed roads, proposed embankment and sewers. The locations of soil quality sample on map are shown in the below figure. Figure 10: The sampling map of soil quality Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y 12ha resettlement Ä?1 12ha resettlement area 1132327 549510 area Construction location of tidal sluice gate Ä?2 1133257 548056 tidal sluice gate No. 1 The position of the end of the road P8 the road P8 Ä?3 1130979 548727 connecting P9 connecting P9 Location near the beginning of embankment of Long Ä?4 1133696 552389 embankment of Long Ho river Ho river Construction location of Urban main Ä?5 1130715 552609 Urban main road 2 road 2 (near the bridge over the canal) Ä?6 WWTP area 1132554 556956 WWTP b) Analysis results: The monitoring results of soil quality in the project area is shown in Table below. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cu) in the project area are many times lower than the permissible limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT- National technical regulation on the allowable limits of some needles Heavy type in the soil. Heavy metal parameters (cadmium, arsenic, lead, zinc and copper are within the permitted limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT) and no chemical pesticide content (organochlorine based and organic phosphorus. The process of construction of the project will remove the topsoil, depending on the nature of the soil, which will determine the reuse or disposal plan. Various purposes such as leveling or may dispose as ordinary waste. Page 73 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 14: Results of soil quality in the project area QCVN 03-MT:2015 No Parameter Unit Ä?1 Ä?2 Ä?3 Ä?4 Ä?5 Ä?6 (Agricultural land) 1 Cu mg/kg 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 100 2 Pb mg/kg 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 70 3 Zn mg/kg 5.2 5.5 6.1 6.3 5.8 6.7 200 4 Cd mg/kg 0.15 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.13 0.13 1.5 5 As mg/kg 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.15 15 Remark: QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils. 2.2.6. Sediment quality a) Locations: the sediment quality is conducted at 6 locations in canals to be rehabilitated under the Project. The sediment quality samples on map is shown in the below figure. Coordinates Code Sampling location Work items X Y Sediments of the canal at the Improving the TT1 intersection with NH53 (near the road 1132574 549103 drainage canals P8 connecting P9) Sediment of the canal at the tidal sluices Improving the TT2 No.3 (the point of intersection with the 1130944 548970 drainage canals urban main road 1) Sediment of the canal near the Improving the TT3 intersection of Mau Than road and 1133202 551709 drainage canals Nguyen Du road. Sediments of Long Ho River, near the Embankment of TT4 1132072 553658 tidal sluices No.8 Long Ho river Sediments of the canal at the location of The urban main road TT5 bridge construction on the urban main 1130808 552684 2 road 2 (near the bigining point) Sediments of the canal at the location of The urban main road TT6 bridge construction on the urban main 1129642 549317 2 road 2 (near Dinh Tien Hoang road) Page 74 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 11: The sediment quality samples on map b) Analysis results: Table 15: Sediment quality monitoring results QCVN QCVN No Parameter Unit TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6 43:2017 07:2009/BTNMT (fresh water) Ctc (mg/l) 1 Cu mg/kg 8.91 9.22 10.3 10.9 8.88 7.34 197 - 2 Pb mg/kg 0.82 0.77 0.91 0.85 0.79 0.83 91.3 15 3 Zn mg/kg 9.71 12.7 13.1 11.9 12.5 13.3 315 250 4 Cd mg/kg 0.66 0.71 0.84 0.77 0.81 7.70 3.5 5 5 As mg/kg 0.023 0.018 0.031 0.022 0.036 0.019 17 2 Notice: QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on sediment quality and QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Thresholds The results show that concentrations of heavy metals in sediment in the project area are lower than the allowable limit set forth in the national technical regulations on sediment quality (QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT). These concentrations are also below the acceptable limits of hazardous waste as specified in QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT. Hazardous elements such as total hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and pesticides are/are not detected. Therefore, the sediments from the canal rehabilitating work are neither hazardous nor contaminated with heavy metals. However, the dredging soils and sediments have high amount of organic compounds and pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Ecoli) thus should not be used directly for agricultural purpose. It is recommended that the sediments would be dewatered and kept at least 03 months to allow partial biodegradation of organic substances and removal of microbial organisms. The sediments could then be used for perennial crops or planting tree for urban landscape purpose, based on the actual needs of local people. Otherwise, it will be transported and disposed at approved disposal site. Page 75 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2.3.1. Economic development condition Vinh Long City was established in 2009 under the Government's Resolution No. 16 on April 10, 2009. Over the past 10 years, Vinh Long city has strongly promoted its function of a provincial city, creating a new driving force for development. The city's economy continues to grow, the economic structure changes positively with rapid increase in the proportion of services - trade - industry. The total value of industrial production in 2018 increased by 1.4 times compared to the year 2008. With the results achieved over the years, Vinh Long City has affirmed its role as a driving force for the province’s socio-economic development. In particular, the city is the central convergence for the province’s economic restructuring and a bridge between Vinh Long province and other provinces in the Mekong Delta region. ï?¶ Trades and services From 2010 to 2018, total retail sales of goods and services increased by 2.7 times, strong development in industries with high added value, significantly contributing to economic growth and budget collection of the province in general. In which, value in 2010 reached over 4,909,698 million dongs. The value in 2015 reached over 4,909,698 million dongs, increasing 101,7% in comparison with year 2010; in 2016 reached over 10,849,957 million dongs, increasing 9,54% compared with 2015; in 2017 reached over 11,873,488 million dongs, increasing 9,43% compared with 2016; in 2018 the value reached over 13,276,201 million dongs, increasing 11.81% compared with 2017. With its riverside location, Vinh Long city aims to exploit the river landscape, making a difference and attractiveness specifically for the development of tourism economy. In 2018, the city triggered operation of a walking street. Although there are still many pending issues for improvement, this action has initially contributed to refreshing the landscape of the city environment, providing many entertainment options for the city people as well as visitors. According to information of the Vinh Long city people’s committee, there are 31 hotels all over the city with a total of 898 rooms; There are 2 commercial and service centers and 4 public recreation areas serving a total of 450,000 visitors. ï?¶ Industrial-handicraft sector Production value of industrial section in the last four years from 2015-2018 has reached over 17,433 billion dongs. In which, in 2015, the total production value reached over 3,933 billion dongs; in 2016 the total production value reached 4,057 billion dongs, increasing 3.17% in comparing with 2015; in 2017 the total production value reached over 4,520 billion dongs, increasing 11.39% comparing with 2016; in 2018 the total production value reached over 4,922 billion dongs, increasing 8.90% comparing with 2017. Over the past years, despite of facing many difficulties in industrial production, Vinh Long city has focused on directing the implementation of policies and national, provincial directions in an effective and timely manner to support for the enterprises. Industrial products in the city are relatively diversified with various types, in which some sectors have developed well and stably like food processing, mining industry, drink production, weaving, production of leather and related products… Getting these results is thanks to the investment in equipment, technology, increase in product quality, decrease in price and increase in competitiveness in the market in the country and all over the world, bringing high economic efficiency and contributing into economic growth in the area. ï?¶ Agricultural-forestry-aquacultural production In 2018, production value of agricultural – forestry - aquacultural sectors in the city according to current price was over 707 billion dongs. In which, the value in 2015 reached over 708 billion Page 76 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project dongs, decreasing 2,07% comparing with 2014; the value in in 2016 reached over 684 billion dongs, increasing 3,44% in comparison with 2015; the value in in 2017 reached over 664 billion dongs, decreasing 2.9% in comparison with 2016. Vinh Long city has changed of agricultural structure toward urban development, thereby reducing cultivation and farming area; applying science and technology into agricultural production, mainly in selecting and breeding species, shifting the production mechanism, constructing farming models for bonsai and flowers, developing the model of special marine products. However, the shifts are small and unsynchronous. In the mean time, the area of agricultural land of the city decreased more and more; during the period of 2015-2018, rice area has decreased 175.13ha. The aquacultural breeding has been decreased of 6.67ha. 2.3.2. Social development conditions ï?¶ Population As of 31th December 2018, there were 143,135 people living in Vinh Long city. The population density was 2,934 people/km2, of which the population mainly concentrated in urban areas (9 wards): 76.4%. There was no big gap in population structure by genders, with 48.24% of male population and 51.76% of female population. The natural population growth rate kept stable at 0.8-1% for 5 years from 2010-2015. The project area consists of 7 urban wards with a total natural area of 20.59km2, accounting for 47.82% of the city’s natural land area, with a population of 109,520 people, accounting for 76.4% of the city's population, population density is 5,319 people/km2. Table 16: Area and population of Vinh Long city in 2018 Area Population (person) Population density No. Ward/commune (km2) Total Male Female (pers/km2) 1 Ward 1 0.92 13,503 6,265 7,238 14.767 2 Ward 2 1.52 16,459 8,097 8,362 10.782 3 Ward 3 3.76 17,813 8,670 9,143 4.726 4 Ward 4 2.43 19,193 9,128 10,065 7.939 5 Ward 5 3.94 16,328 7,808 8,520 4.134 6 Ward 8 3.38 14,206 6,871 7,335 4.183 7 Ward 9 4.64 12,018 5,812 6,206 2.598 Tan Hoa 8 7.48 8,502 4,179 4,323 1.137 commune Tan Hoi 9 5.20 8,371 4,102 4,269 1.610 commune Tan Ngai 10 9.01 9,434 4,573 4,861 1.047 commune Truong An 11 5.54 7,529 3,655 3,874 1.359 commune Total 47.82 143.356 69,160 74,196 2,998 (Source: Statistical yearbook of Vinh Long city, 2018) Ethnic structure of the population: In the city, there are 3 main ethnic groups, of which the Kinh Page 77 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project account for over 90% of the population, then the Khmer and the Chinese and the rest are other ethnic groups like the Tay, Thai, Cham ...people. These ethnic groups together with their customs, traditional trades, festivals, historical and cultural relics, etc. have created an unique and diverse culture for Vinh Long city. 2.3.3. Results of affected households survey in Project area a. Household information ï?¶ Household size According to the survey with 400 households (1,856 people), the average size of affected households is 4.64 people/household, of which, there is no household with 1 member; 55.75% of households have 2-4 members; 37.5% have 5-7 members; 5.5% have 8-10 members and 1.25% have 11-13 people. The highest number of family members is 13 people/household and the lowest is 2 people/household. (In this survey, the number of family members is the number of people living together and having name in the same household registration book). There is no big difference in terms of gender, the average number of males is 2.16 per household (687 people) and the figure of female is 2.51 per household (1,169 people). 5.5% 1.3% 37.5% 55.7% From 2 to 4 people From 5 to 7 people From 8 to 10 people From 11 to 13 people (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 12: Demographic characteristics (Unit: %) ï?¶ Age Age of respondents: The average age of the respondents is 54.94, the youngest is 24 years old while the oldest is 88 years old. The results of the survey on the age of respondents show that the respondents are mainly adults who hold an important role in the family. ï?¶ Ethnicity Ethnicity: According to the survey results the vast majority of the affected households is Kinh people (98.6%), the remaining is 1.4% of ethnic minority. ï?¶ Educational level Educational level of householders: The survey results indicated that the educational level of householders is relatively high, most of them graduated from College/University with 143 people (accounting for 35.75%), followed by high school graduates with129 householders (32.25%), secondary school with 84 householders (21%), primary school with 22 people (5.5%) and post graduate is 14 people (3.5%). The percentage of illiterate household heads is 2.0% (8 people). Page 78 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 5.5% 3.5% 2.0% 35.7% 21.0% 32.3% College/University High school Secondary school Primary school Post graduate illiterate (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 13: Educational level of householders b. Living conditions of households Main occupation: According to the survey on the main occupation of employees, (the age of workers in the report is from 18 to 60 years old), employees mainly participate in 3 occupational groups: civil servants (37.7%), Trade/service (16.4%) and other jobs such as housewives, freelance workers (9.6%), in addition, there are some other occupations. Specific information about occupations of employees is presented in the following chart: 8. Others 9.6% 7. Hired 2.7% 6.civil servants 37.7% 5.retirement officers 19.2% 4.Trade/service 16.4% 3. Agriculture, forestry and fishery 5.5% 2.Worker 2.1% 1.Unemployed 6.8% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%40.0% (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 14: Main occupation of employees (Unit: %) The average income of AHs is 12,806,860 VND/household/month. The highest level is VND 100 million/household month and the lowest is VND 2,300,000/household/month. Details are as follows: Table 17:Income of Affected Households Income source Average income Highest Lowest Total average income 12.806.860 100.000.000 2.300.000 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Page 79 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Assessment of income sources: According to the assessment of AHs’ income source stability, 87.7% of the households have stable income source which is mainly from stable salary paid jobs (civil servants, workers, service traders, etc.); and 12.3% of households said that their income is unstable as they live on agriculture, hired workers and small businesses. Expenditures: The average expenditure of the affected households/month is 9,923,970 VND/household/month, the highest expenditure is 35,000,000 VND/month and the lowest is 2,000,000 VND/household/month. The expenditure structure of AHs is as follows: Table 18: Expenditure structure of AHs Expenditure structure Average expenditure Highest Lowest Total 9,923,970 35,000,000 2,000,000 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Saving money: According to the survey results, the savings of affected households is quite low, the average saving amount of the households is 3,041,350 VND/household/month. The highest saving is 80 million VND/month while the lowest is nil because their income is only enough for expenditures. Loan: According to the survey about the income and expenditure of AHs, the vast majority of respondents said that their average income in the last 2 months was lower than the expenditures. Therefore, 36.7% of surveyed households (150 households) confirmed that they had to ask for a loan. The main borrowing sources are from banks (118 households) and mass organizations (19 households), relatives (10 households), high-interest rate loans (2 households), and from other sources (1 household). The borrowing amount ranges VND 10 million to VND 950 million; loans from organizations (10 million to 60 million VND); from relatives (from VND 10 million to VND 200 million); high-interest rate loans (VND 30 million); others (VND 100 million). The households said that they asked for a loan to build/repair house (37%), for business (24.1%), or agricultural production (18.5%), for investment purposes (7.4%), family expenditures (5.6%), and others (7.4%). 37.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 24.1% 25.0% 18.5% 20.0% 15.0% 7.4% 7.4% 5.6% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Agricultural Build/repair Business Investment Family Others production house purposes expenditures (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 15: Purposes of loans Housing is one of the most important criteria of household living standards. Most of the Ahs in the Project area mainly live in permanent houses. Types of houses of affected households are Page 80 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project detailed in the following chart. .7% 2.1% 13.1% 84.1% Reinforced concrete buildings Temporary house Villas Apartments (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 16: Types of house Land: According to the survey results, there are 96.5% of households owning residential land, 32.9% having garden land, and 7.7% owning agricultural land. Table 19: Ownership of lands (Unit: %) Residential land Garden land Agricultural land Yes No Yes No Yes No 96.5 3.5 32.9 67.1 7.7 92.3 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Land use right certificate: up to 91.7% of the households responded that they have land use right certificate, of which 35.1% named by the husband and 26% named of wife and 26% named by both husband and wife, the remaining 13% named by another person. The results are clearly shown below: 13.0% 35.0% 26.0% 26.0% Husband Wife Both of husband and wife Others (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 17: Named in land use right certificate Page 81 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Furniture: Survey results revealed that almost all households own essential assets such as televisions, motorcycles, phones, refrigerators, etc. Computers 49.0% Air Conditioners 52.4% Refrigerators 89.5% Phones 93.7% Televisions 98.6% Cars 7.0% Motorcycles 95.8% Premium furnished 16.1% 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 18: Furnitures of households Means of production: The main means of production consist of cars, harvesters, trucks/pickup trucks and other means. The following figure presents details about households’ means of production: Others 3.5% Reapers 5.6% Threshing machines 1.4% Ships/boats .7% Cars 7.0% Sawders 1.4% Tractors 1.4% Trucks 2.1% 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 19: Means of production Hygiene: In the Project area, 76.8% of households use hygienic toilets (septic tanks), 8.5% use two-compartment toilet, 5.6% use one-compartment toilet. In addition, 8.5% of households use simple toilet and the remaining 0.7% use public toilets. According to households, 93.4% assessed that their toilet is clean and hygienic; 5.9% said that their toilet is dirty and unhygienic; The remaining 0.7% have no idea/or have no answer for the question. Energy: The power used for lighting in households is from the national grid, 100% of households use this power source. The energy used for cooking are mainly Gas (99.3%); Page 82 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Kerosene (1.4%). Assessment of living standards: According to the survey results, the living standard of households is not high, only 1.4% said that their family was rich, 19.9% were normal, 73.3% were average. The remaining 5% thought that the family is poor and near-poor. c. Access to Health care and medical services Diseases: About 48% (192/400 households) of surveyed AHs said that in the past 2 months their family have members got sick. They mainly suffered from common diseases such as: cold/fever (47.0%); Dengue (1.6%); Digestion (20.3%); Respiratory (20.3%); Injury (9.4%) and others (37.9%). In comparison to general context that health conditions and health care services of people becomes better and better, this is a fairly high and worrying health indicator of AHs. 47.0% 50.0% 37.9% 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 20.3% 20.3% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 9.4% 15.0% 10.0% 1.6% 5.0% 0.0% (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 20: Health care and medical conditions of affected people Health insurance: According to the results of the survey on health insurance, 96.5% of the affected households buying health insurance, while the remaining 3.5% did not. Access to medical services: Local people in the Project said that it is quite convenient for them to access to medical services. Vinh Long city has a quite complete hospital system from the medical service unit to the city’s general hospital. In addition, there are private hospitals, clinics and pharmacies that facilitate the access of affected households to medical services. The distance from the Project area to the ward medical service unit and pharmacies is from 2 to 5km, while the distance to the city general hospital is over 5km. Currently, in Vinh Long city, there are 17 health care facilities including 6 hospitals and 11 health medical units with 2,862 beds and 2,029 medical staffs. In 2018, the percentage of under-1 child with full vaccination was 98%. d. Public services and environmental issues Public services: According to the survey results, clean water supply and wastewater collection services were provided to households. However, wastewater collection and treatment services have not been popular. The survey results are presented in the following table: Page 83 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 20: Public services Implemented by Quality Public services Yes No State Private Cooperative Good Normal Clean water 96.8 3.2 91.2 8.8 0 79.1 20.9 Waste 94.9 5.1 83 16 0.9 64.8 35.2 collection Wastewater collection and 40.8 59.2 89.7 10.3 0 65.7 34.3 treatment (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Flooding: Based on the results of the survey on the flooding in the Project area, some wards still suffer from flooding (41.4%), especially in Ward 1, 4 (the flooding rate is over 50%). The respondents reported that there are some places where the flooding happens inside the house (58.8%), outside the house (41.2%). The flooding frequency is from 1-3 times with a depth from 10-60cm. The average flooding duration is 2.48 hours/day, at least 1 hour/day and at most 6 hours/day. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rains, poor quality drainage systems and that the house’s base is lower than of the road bed. Details are displayed in the following figure. 59.6% 60.0% 50.0% 30.8% 31.4% 40.0% 30.0% 13.7% 20.0% 11.4% 10.0% 0.0% Heavy rains The house’s Poor quality There is no Others base is drainage drainage (tide) lower than systems of the road bed (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 21: Flooding reasons Sanitaion conditions: According to the results of the survey on the current sanitaion condition in residential areas, 46.6% respondents confirmed pollution; 51.1% answered that the environment was not polluted and the remaining 2.3% had no idea. Of which 71.6% of households said that pollution level was low, 13.6% affirmed that pollution was severe, and the remaining 14.8% had no idea. There are serveral environmental issues recorded in the Project area: air pollution/excessive dust pollution; Flooding in the rainy season; Pollution due to stagnant wastewater; groundwater wells/rivers pollution by the discharging of domestic wastewater. However, some households think that there are no such environmental problems. The survey results are shown in the following: Page 84 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 9. Others 0.7% 8. There is no environmental issues… 22.4% 7. Noise exceed the standard 14.4% 6. Air pollution by manufactory… 6.4% 5. Pollution due to stagnant… 28.8% 4. Flooding in the rainy season 31.2% 3. Solid waste is not collected and… 17.6% 2. Groundwater wells/rivers pollution… 18.4% 1. Air pollution/excessive dust… 39.2% 15.0% 0.0% 5.0%10.0% 25.0% 20.0% 35.0% 30.0% 45.0% 40.0% (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Figure 22: Environmental issues in the Project area e. Gender issues, social relations and community cohesion Gender violence: According to the survey results, there are still gender-based violence cases in the Project areas, but at a low rate (2.9%), mainly physical violence (4.2%). Labor division: Regarding the labor division by gender, the survey results showed that there is not big difference between men and women. All activities are involved by both men and women. However, some jobs such as cooking, cleaning house and children care are mainly charged by women. The results of survey on labor division in the Project area are not different from the figures provided by current studies and analysis on labor division in Vietnam: Women are mainly responsible for housework and child care while men mainly engage in production activities. Table 21: Survey on labor division (Unit: %) No. Jobs Female Male Both Total 1 Cooking 66.7 1.5 31.9 100 2 Cleaning/washing 56.7 6.7 36.6 100 3 Repair of equipment in the family 18 53.4 28.6 100 4 Children care 35.9 6.1 58 100 5 Income generating jobs 17.8 13.3 68.9 100 6 Participation of community/social activities 16.9 19.9 63.2 100 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Decision making: According to the survey results, decisions in the family (on buying assets for the family, applying for loans from banks, repairing houses or children’s education, etc.) are discussed by both husband and wife before being made. Name for valuable assets in the family: Under the Land Law 2013, both husband and wife are named in the land use right certificate. The survey results showed that 73.3% of the respondents said that the land use right certificate was named by both husband and wife, 12.6% named by wife and 14.1% by husband. Page 85 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Community activities: The percentage of both spouse involvement in community activities such as public meetings, environmental sanitation in residential areas, and contribution to security and order in the residential area is over 40%. However, the figures for men and women in each activity are different, specifically: (meetings: 30.7% men, 23.4% women; sanitation activities: 29.9% men, 21.6% women; security and orders in the residential area: 43.2% men and 16.7% women. Table 22: Survey on labor division in community activities No. Activities Women Male Both Total 1 Community meeting 23.4 30.7 46 100 2 Environmental sanitation in residential areas 21.6 29.9 48.5 100 3 Security and orders in the residential area 16.7 43.2 40.2 100 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) Participation in social and economic organization: According to the survey results, in the Project area, there are socio-political organizations and a large number of members who are in all arround residential quarters: (i) Farmers Association; (ii) Women’s Union; (iii) Youth Union; (iv) Elderly Association and (v) Veterans Association, etc. By survey results, it can be seen that the vast majority of households have members engaging in at least one of the aforementioned organizations. These mass organizations are good connectors of local community. With these organizations, many of the community development activities are promoted. Therefore, in general, the Project’s resettlement and livelihood restoration activities are recommended to be integrated in or combined with these organizations to achieve the best results. The survey results are presented in the following table: Table 23: Participation of households in socio-economic organizations No Organizations Frequency Rate No.of members 1 Farmer Association 99 24.75 1_2 2 Women Union 207 51.75 1_4 3 Youth Union 94 23.5 1_5 4 Veteran association 75 18.75 1_2 5 Elderly association 134 33.5 1_3 (Source: Socio-economic survey with AHs, 01/2020) 2.4. INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS 2.4.1. Transport System ï?¶ Regional transportation system Vinh Long city is a transportation hub for the entire Mekong Delta region. Many national highways (NH) and provincial ways run across the city, including: - The NH1A from My Thuan bridge runs through Vinh Long city toward Can Tho bridge. The national way when comes to Vinh Long becomes roads Pham Hung and Nguyen Hue, serving as the city’s main roads. - The NH 53 connects the NH 1 at Pham Hung road from Vinh Long city to Tra Vinh province. When comes to the city, it becomes Pho Co Dieu street. - The NH 80 connects NH 1 at My Thuan bridge to Sa Dec city. Page 86 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - The NH 57 connects NH 53 (Pham Thai Buong street) through Dinh Khao ferry toward Ben Tre province. - Provincial road 31 (PR902) runs from Thieng Duc bridge to Vung Liem. - The inter-provincial bus station located at the intersection of NH1 and NH53 with area of 1.7ha. Toward Cao Lanh toward Ho Chi Minh City NH30 Toward Long Xuyen Co Chien river Toward Tra Vinh NH80 Vinh Long City Toward Long Ho National Highway Provincal Highway District Road River - canal Toward Binh Minh Figure 23: Inter-regional transport network map ï?¶ City transportation system The city’s central road network consists of major roads connecting the central areas to outside areas, with width of lanes from 12-24m such as Le Thai To, 3/2, Trung Nu Vuong, Pham Thai Buong, 30/4, Tran Phu, Nguyen Hue streets…. Most of roads in the downtown area have small right of ways, narrow road beds, weak structures, and do not meet the travel needs of the city people. Existing status of parking lot: there are 2 bus stations in the city: Vinh Long bus station of about 1.4 ha and Vinh Long city bus station of about 0.24 ha. Table 24: Summary of urban roads in Vinh Long city Road Department of Name of Management Total Transport CPCs manage Other unit city Board VII manages manages manages No. No. No. Road Road Road Road No. Bridge Bridge Bridge Bridge Road (km) (km) (km) (km) (km) per m per m per m per m Vinh Long 66.27 17/717 10.74 6/262 27.60 10/448 21.43 1/7 6.5 ï?¶ Waterway The city has an interlacing system of waterways, connecting most of residential areas and main markets, including Cai Doi, Cai Cam, Cai Ca, Cau Lau, Kinh Cut, Long Ho rivers and some Page 87 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project other canals…At present, some rivers have been narrowed due to people’s encroachment and uncontrolled construction in the urban development process over the past years. 2.4.2. Water Supply System Vinh Long City has a drinking water treatment plant, Truong An water plant with total capacity of 35,000m3/day. Its raw water takes in from Co Chien River. The city provides a good coverage of drinking water supply (96.4%) with daily use of 126 l/person for total 30,477 households. 2.4.3. Solid Waste Collection and Treatment Collection of solid waste in the area is not thoroughly implemented. Only 73.1% of solid waste is collected. The remaining amount is treated by either burning or throwing into canals, causing environmental pollution. The collection of waste only in central wards by using simple vehicles and methods. Previously, Vinh Long city used a landfill in Tan Ap Hamlet, Tan Xuan, Tan Ngai ward, with total treatment capacity of 5,500m3. At the present, this landfill was closed and the city use an alternate landfill of 2ha in Hoa Phu commune, Long Ho district, which is 13 km from the center of the city. The landfill is able to extend 2 more hectares from current land available at the site however it is the decision the City to make. In addition, the waste of Vinh Long City can be gathered to Phuong Thao High-tech Waste Treatment Plant which has an area of 8ha in Hoa Phu Commune of Long Ho District and the treatment capacity is 300 tons of waste per day. Due to the use of outdated methods of waste treatment and the area is insufficient to meet demand in the future, Vinh Long province is planning to build a new landfill for solid waste disposal and treatment right at the Phu Hung landfill with total area of 6ha. 2.4.4. Power System Power source: Vinh Long city is connected to the national grid of 220KV-Western region Ho Chi Minh city- Cai Lay – Tra Noc via Tra Noc substation 220/110/66KV-( 100+160) MVA and at-site power source from Vinh Long diesel power plant. In addition, Vinh Long 220kV substation 220/110/22KV - (2x125) MVA is being constructed in the city. Recently, Cuu Long University in Vinh Long province inaugurated a solar power plant combining high-tech agriculture with a capacity of 980KW. It is estimated that the school uses only 35% of the electricity produced, the rest goes to the national grid, contributing to solving the electricity shortage on the national grid. Lighting system: All main roads in the city have been equipped with lighting system. Roads in the residential area have been invested but asynchronously. 2.4.5. Drainage and sewage treatment ï?¶ Current status of stormwater drainage system Drainage system of Vinh Long city has been built for 40-50 years and become deteriorated. Total length of pipeline is 11,900m of which 11,000m of pipe and 900m of canal. Stormwater and wastewater are led in a common system of the city, some segments have been damaged that is incapable of rapid drainage in case of heavy rain or high tides. Besides, the low land terrain is the element contributing to flooding in the city. In ward 1. There are 18 water drainage sluice gates to canals and rivers, of which 15-16 check-valve gates which are operated 5-6 times/years and play the role of drainage and preventing water from overflowing on the road surface. ï?¶ Current status of drainage canals, rivers and ditches Drainage river system of Vinh Long is relatively diverse, in which the class I canal system hold Page 88 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project key role of water supply and drainage for the city: Cai Da Lon, Cai Doi Lon, Ba Dieu, Cau Lo river, Cai Cam and Long Ho. However, most of the rivers and canals are winded and long time not being dredged, thus, the drainage capacity is limited. Pumping station: At the present a check valve system and pumping stations have been installed for flooding control in ward 1. This is the first flooding prevention system in the Mekong Delta Region. The drainage culverts are installed with a check valve; in rainy season, the water only one-way flows to the river but cannot be reverse to the city center through the culverts. In the case of high tide combined with heavy rain, 03 pumping stations with a capacity of 150 m/h (in Tau Khach station (Tau bridge), in the end of Tran Van On road, and Trai Cua on 2/9 road) are operated to bring water to the river so that long-term inundation in communes is prevented; and on coastal roads where the elevation is low, water is controlled by sand bags. Co Chien river Cai Cam river Long Ho river Figure 24: Existing status of drainage network in Vinh Long city ï?¶ Flooding Recently, due to climate change and high sea level, Mekong Delta provinces are frequently flooded. Vinh Long city is severely flooding, especially in inner city, the water level may reach 50-70cm. Every year, in the rainy season, especially from July to November, many areas of the city are from 0.3-0.5m under water. Some roads heavily flooded include: Trung Nu Vuong, Hoang Thai Hieu (ward 1); Le Thai To and Nguyen Hue (ward 2); Mau Than (ward 3); Tran Phu (ward 4); 14/9, Nguyen Chi Thanh (ward 5); Dinh Tien Hoang (ward 8); Pham Hung (Ward 9). In particular, at the end of September, early October 2019, Vinh Long City is faced high tide with at alerting water level III from 0.25 to 0.45m that submerge roads, residential areas in the city. This has greatly affected the living conditions of people in Vinh Long city center. Page 89 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 25: Main roads of Vinh Long city under flooding on 1st Oct 2019 Through the survey data collected by the People’s Committee of Vinh Long City, the flooded areas and the current flooding status are presented as follows. - Ward 1: As a center of Vinh Long city and surrounded by Co Chien, Long Ho, Lo Ren canal, the ward’s location is favorable for drainage. On the other hand, it also stands a high risk of flooding in case of high tide when its drainage system is so poor that the water flows back and submerge the ward. Some roads heavily flooded such as: Trung Nu Vuong road, the area in front of PPC (Hoang Thai Hieu), Hung Vuong road. Some residential areas in alleys are flooded because its elevation is lower than the tidal level. - Ward 2: borders ward 8 and 9 and separated ward 1 and 3 by Cai Ca canal and Cau Lo river, and one side borders Co Chien river. The ward’s flooding situation will be more severe in case of heavy rain. Some roads under deep flooding level: Le Thai To, Nguyen Hue, Hoang Hoa Tham. - Ward 3: far from Co Chien river, surrounded by ward 1,2,4 and Long Ho district. Cau Lo river is the main drainage system of the Ward. Flooding often occurs in some areas such as Mau Than road that have small drainage culverts and surrounding canals are encroached or filled, leading to flooding due to poor drainage capacity. Some other roads such as Pho Co Dieu and Le Thi Hong Gam are flooded for 1-2 hours. - Ward 4: follows along Long Ho river. As main roads have been upgraded in recent years, the flooding has been occurred; however, the water discharged into the alleys which has low elevation leads to flooding in residential areas. Page 90 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Ward 5: with 1 side is adjacent to Co Chien River, and 1 side follows along Long Ho River. In case of rain, 14 Thang 9 and Nguyen Chi Thanh roads will be flooded. Day hamlet is the area directly affected by tide and flood, with the depth of 20-35cm depending on the tides. As in this area, the river banks have not been embanked, the erosion is seriously taken place. - Ward 8: It is adjacent to Ward 9, 2 and is separated from Long Ho district by Cau Lo and Cai Cam Rivers. Because most of the roads have no drainage system (except for Phuoc Tho market) and drainage canals and ditches are mostly filled, the roads get flooding even when the rain is moderate. The roads with the deepest flooding level are Dinh Tien Hoang, Phan Dinh Phung, and Dien Huu temple within 1-2 hours and at the depth of 31-40cm in August and October of lunar year. - Ward 9: has 1 side bordering Co Chien river, Cai Cam river, and dense system of canals and ditches, it is quite convenient for drainage. Therefore, the flooding level in Ward 9 is low compared to other wards. In Ward 9, there are hot spots of flooding due to incompletion drainage that cause long-time stagnancy and that water is drained only by evaporation. - In the city, the communes of Tan Hoi, Tan Hoa, Tan Ngai, Truong An are mainly flooded by high tide. However, thanks to good dyke and canal system, the flooding level is low. Flooding level and period: Flooding areas: ward 1, 8 and part of ward 5. The flooding level and period which depend on rainfall, intensity and drainage system, ranges from 20 to 40 cm. The combination of high tides rain is so severe that causes long-lasting flooding period which lasts several hours during the peak tide and may occur twice in October (due to the tidal cycle: 2 high tides and 2 low tides in a month). The flooding depth depends on the combination of high tide and rain, and mainly ranges from 20-30 cm. The flooded wards include: 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9. The areas flooded by high tides are mainly located along rivers and canals with a scope of 200-300 m (from the edge of the river). The flooding level is from 10-20 cm, mainly in October and November. Thus, for solving the flooding due to tides, a system of dykes and sluice gates should be constructed. (Source: Irrigation planning for flood control in Vinh Long city) Figure 26: Flooding map in Vinh Long city Page 91 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Analysis of flooding reasons: According to previous analysis on flooding situation and economic and population information of Vinh Long city, the flooding caused by rain tends to increase because: - Low land: Vinh Long province in general and Vinh Long city in particular border large rivers with high tidal amplitude, thus it is directly affected by the tide. On the other hand. Most of the province’s terrain is low-lying coastal plain of 0.7-1m, thus it is prone to flooding by water overflown from canals, rivers, especially in Vinh Long city. - Poor drainage system: Despite of new urban area, throughout various periods of time, with different vision and financial capacities, the infrastructure systems in general and drainage systems in particular have not matched together, thus the drainage capacity is not good and fails to meeting the requirements. In addition, drainage system (drainage culverts, canals, etc.) is run-down and have not been maintained regularly, leading to frequent local flooding (despites moderate rain). Besides, there are some works which have been under construction applying unsuitable methods, leading local flooding for surrounding area. The flooding survey in 2010 revealed that:  In Ward 1, before 2008, severe flooding occurred whenever heavy rains or high tides happened. After 2008, the drainage systems were upgraded, pumps installed, and sluice gates installed in drainage system, roadbed and the house were upgraded, the flooding in the area was decreased. However, due to outdated and run-down drainage system, the flooding still happens after every heavy rain.  In ward 8, almost all roads have no drainage culvert (excepting for Phuoc Tho market) and ditches, canals have been filled, flooding still occurs whenever it rains (despites moderate rain), particularly Dinh Tien Hoang and Phan Dinh Phung road.  In ward 5, 14 Thang 9, Nguyen Chi Thanh roads are flooded in case of heavy rains.  In ward 2 – the inner city’s ward, there are still some roads that flooded due to high tide and the situation becomes more serous when it rains (rainfall of over 50-60 mm), including Le Thai To and Nguyen Hue road (near the intersection of Can Tho and the market in ward 2).  Communes surrounding the city are mainly flooded by high tide. In recent years, thanks to the dyke system with flooding control elevation has been invested, the flooding area is small. However, the flooding situation of the city becomes complicated as the flooding control solutions do not fit to the urban development pace and climate change events as high tide, high sea level. Over the past period, whenever the roads are flooded, the roads and houses are successively upgraded. This method leads to shortcomings: costing the capital of the State and people, water from high area flows into lower area that exacerbates the existing complicated and persistent flooding. - Flooding due to urbanization: Population growth contributed to the rapid urbanization of the suburban area of Vinh Long city which, previously, was for agricultural development purpose. With the population growth: the area of ponds, reservoirs, and canal is filled leading to reduction of water storage capacity; natural area is reduced while the concreted area increased, thus, the water cannot be absorbed in the soil or is retained that decrease the concentrated flow; Not only does the situation increase stormwater on the surface (cannot be penetrated in the soil) and reduce groundwater quality and cause subsidence in the city, but it creates urban heat island. The change in temperature on the surface will contribute to increase of air temperature which is the element causing increase in number and scope of tropical rains. Deteriorated drainage system and poor infrastructure create low land which Page 92 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project is locally flooded in case of rain. In fact, the heavier the rain is, the deeper the flooding reaches; and - People’s awareness: People have poor awareness in creating an open space for stormwater sluice gates (the sluice gates are small, but local people stand a habit of throwing wastes into the gate to prevent odors rising ahead their houses or business facilities), leading local flooding for the city. In brief, the flooding in Vinh Long tends to be more complicated as the flooding control solutions do not fit the urban development pact and impacts of climate change – high tide, high sea level. ï?¶ Current status of wastewater drainage Urban area: water and wastewater of the city are drained in a common pipeline then discharged directly into river. Domestic wastewater is preliminarily treated through septic tanks of local households or squat toilet that 70% treated wastewater quality is below standard. The production wastewater, wastewater of almost all handicraft facilities in the city have not been treated but led to the common drainage system and then discharged into river. Wastewater in the general hospital have been treated by a separate system. Rural area: the drainage system is still limited. Only a few of communal centers have drainage system but with narrow scope. Recently, although there are new residential areas where the drainage system is invested, there are several problems that need handling. All drainage systems of the new areas lead stormwater and wastewater into the common system to discharge directly to the rivers and canals without any treatment. Page 93 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 27: Wastewater discharged into the environment 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS AT SPECIFIC PROJECT LOCATIONS The project will be implemented in ward 1,2,3,4,5,8 and 9 of Vinh Long City. The core urban area center mainly includes populated residential areas in between fields and gardens. There are Cau Lau and Long Ho rivers, which run into Co Chien river, providing water for one branch of Tien river as well as rivers and canal network inside the area. Section 2.3 above provides baseline environmental conditions in Vinh Long city and this section will further characterize the specific environmental and social conditions at the project site, helping to identify the site- specific impacts and mitigation measures for the project activities. The main environmental and social features along the Project works are shown as follows: 1. Construction of urban drainage system Location: the urban drainage system will be built in 6 residential areas in the core urban area of Vinh Long City, covering wards 2, 3, 4 and 5. The city use common drainage system, stormwater and domestic water are led to a common pipeline and discharged directly into canals. Domestic water is primarily treated by septic tanks in local households or squat toilet. It is estimated that the treated wastewater quality of 70% households is below standard. The production wastewater, wastewater of almost all handicraft facilities in the city has not treated but led to the common drainage system and then discharged into river. Social status: dense population, poor infrastructure and social services; most of the labors have low to medium income level. Environmental status: The environment is contaminated due to untreated wastewater. It should pay much attention to local people’s transport and domestic activities which will be interrupted by construction of the Project’s works. Page 94 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 28: Current status of rehabilitated residential areas 2. Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system Collection system With absence of wastewater treatment for the remaining area, the city’s environment becomes worse and worse. In particular, as a big city with a dense population, the living environment as well as the urban landscape of Vinh Long will be adversely affected. With current rapid development of the city, the pressure on the environment will be increasingly posed; therefore; a wastewater collection and treatment system for the city is very crucial. Existing drainage ways: stormwater and wastewater of households are led to the common drainage system, then being discharged into the natural environment or released into surrounding ditches. Social status: crowded population. Environmental status: In general, the air quality is still good. In the future, wastewater, if not being collected and treated, will affect daily activities of local people and environmental sanitation. It should pay much attention to local people’s transport and domestic activities which will be interrupted by construction of the Project’s works. Page 95 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Ward 5 Ward 9 Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 4 Ward 3 Ward 8 Figure 29: Scope of the Project’s wastewater collection system Wastewater treatment area Location: Thanh Duc commune, Long Ho district. Using status: the treatment area is built in agricultural land of local people with an area of 4.5ha. The treated wastewater will be discharged into Cai Sao Lon canal, then released into Co Chien river. The distance from the work to Co Chien river is nearly 3.1km. Social current status: Sparse population, only few households resides near the work. The distance from the nearest residential area to the work is about 200m. Environmental status: the environmental quality is still good and has no sign of pollution. However, in the process of construction, issues related to dust, noise and gases emitted from the transportation of construction materials should be paid much attention. Also, wastewater pipeline from the city center to the treatment plant should be noticed as it runs through canals. Page 96 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Co Chien river Cai Sao Lon canal WWTP Figure 30: Location of wastewater treatment plant 3. Flooding control in the core urban area Embankment of Long Ho river Location: Ward 4 and 5 – Vinh Long city - Start point is near Thieng Duc bridge, about 700m from Co Chien river. - End point is near Cho Cua bridge, on the NH57. Using status: - Along Long Ho river embankment in ward 4: Most of local people live and do trade along the embankment; there is a large area of residential land of local residents along both sides of the embankment. - Along Long Ho river embankment in ward 5: Although the population density in this ward is lower than ward 4, its density is still assessed to be high. In addition, there is a vacant land area in the end of the embankment. Social status: high population density along Long Ho river embankment. Population density along Long Ho river embankment in ward 4 is higher than in ward 5. Environmental status: The environmental quality is still good and has no sign of pollution. Along 02 sides of the embankments, there are sensitive receptors that should be paid attention. However, the receptors are about 100-200m away from the embankment. In addition, in the course of construction, suitable construction methods and impact mitigation measures for business households in Cua market should be taken. Page 97 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Start point of Thieng Duc bridge Long Ho river End point of Cua market Cua Market Figure 31: Current status along Long Ho river embankment Construction of tidal prevention system Location: Ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 – Vinh Long city Number of tidal preventing culverts: 9 Dimension: from 3.0 to 15.0m Using status: Tidal preventing culverts are constructed on canals where the terrains are quite flat, mostly in the start points of canals. Social status: People is sparsely resided in most of the areas of the tidal preventing culverts. The culverts are about 300m far from the nearest residential area. Environmental status: The environmental quality is still good and has no sign of pollution. However, attention should be paid to waterway transport and water supply for surrounding agricultural land area during construction and operation phases. Page 98 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 32: Positions of tidal preventing culverts Improvement of main drainage canal system in inner urban area Location: Ward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 – Vinh Long city Drainage canals of Vinh Long city mainly have a width from 3.0-6.0m with main function of stormwater and wastewater drainage. However, the canals have been sedimented and encroached by local people, leading to poor drainage capacity and posing risks of inundation in the case of high tide and flooding. Within the canal bed, the development of grass and hyacinth causes obstruction of the water flow. Residential status: there is crowded population along the canals, they mainly live in grade-4 house with natural drainage system. Environmental status: Although the environmental quality is still good and has no sign of pollution, the untreated wastewater and wastes, in the coming years, will adversely affect the environmental sanitation, posing epidemics and health-related issues as well as curbing the social development of Vinh Long city. Page 99 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 33: Main canal system in the inner urban area 4. New construction of road connecting Ward 8 to Ward 9 The road starts from the intersection of Vo Van Kiet road and the route to the Ward 9 People’s Committee and ends at the intersection with the Project’s main road No. 1. - Start point (in ward 9): Currently, Vo Van Kiet road has a width of about 30m, including 16m of road surface for vehicles and sidewalks of 6.0m each. Surrounding the intersection area is crowded residential area. - End point (in Ward 8): the road ends at the agricultural land area in Village 5 of Ward 8. The nearest household is 200m from the end point. Social status: the road can be divided into 3 types: going through residential areas; passing go rice paddies and intersecting NH53 (Phan Van Dang street). - At the start point where goes through residential area, there is highly population density, permanent houses; it is estimated about 20 households in this area. - The road passing through paddies has relatively flat terrain and is convenient for construction. The road intersects other local roads. - Followingly, for the road cuts NH53, the population is crowded. Within 200m from the intersection, the population is dense and there are many permanent houses. At NH53, the road has good quality with a width of 25-30m. - The road going through paddies extends till the end point. Its terrain is relatively flat and convenient for construction. In addition, there are a few households scattered along the road. The nearest household is about 50-100m from the road. In addition, it cuts several local roads with a width of about 3-5m and macadam roads. Environmental status: The quality of the air, soil, and water environment in the construction site is good and has no sign of pollution. Wastes are mainly generated from domestic activities, agricultural production and small-sized means of transport. However, special attention should be paid to noise resonance during construction at the beginning of road and at the intersection with the NH53. Page 100 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Start point Intersection point NH53 End point Figure 34: Current s status of connection road in ward 8 and 9 5. New construction of main road No.1 The Project’s main road No.1 starts from the intersection with NH1A and ends at Pho Co Dieu road (NH53). - Start point (in Tan Hanh commune, Long Ho district): Surrounding the intersection point is sparse residential area, there are some households; the distance from the intersection point to local households ranges from 10 to 20m - End point (in Ward 3): cuts Pho Co Dieu road, the population is crowded, they mainly live in permanent house. Near the end point is Vinh Long Funeral house and some households who live on production and services. Social status: the Project’s road is divided into 02 types: cutting resdiential area (intersect canals and roads) and passing through rice paddies. - Almost all the road runs through local people’s rice paddies that is quite flat and is favorable for construction - The road intersects residential areas as it cuts canals and National highways and provincial roads where the population density is quite high; particularly: It cuts Cai Cam canal river, Cau Lo bridge, Dinh Tien Hoang road, Phuoc Hau road and residential roads and other canals - At the end point, the main road No.1 intersects Pho Co Dieu road (NH53) where the population is crowded. Within 100m from the intersection, the population is quite dense and there are many permanent houses. At the NH53, the road quality is relatively good, with a width of about 25-30m Environmental status: As the road mainly passes through fields, the environmental quality is good. However, noise at intersection with canals and roads should be paid attention. Page 101 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project End point Start point Cai Cam road intersection Dinh Tien Hoang road intersection Cau Lo river Phuoc Hau road intersection Intersection Figure 35: Current status of the main road 1 6. New construction of the main road No.2 The Project’s main road 2 is similar to the main road 1: start from the intersection with NH1A and end at the intersection with Pho Co Dieu road (NH53). - Start point (in Tan Hanh commune, Long Ho district): Surrounding the intersection point is sparse residential area, there are some households; the distance from the intersection point to the households ranges from 10 to 20m. - End point (in Ward 3): cuts Pho Co Dieu road, the population is crowded, they mainly live in permanent house. The end point is near Vinh long People’s Court and Bo Kinh road. Social status: the road is divided into 02 types: cutting resdiential area (intersect canals and roads) and passing through rice paddies. - Almost all the road runs through rice paddy of local people with quite flat terrain that is favorable for construction. - The road intersects residential areas as it cuts canals and National highways and provincial roads where the population density is quite high; Particularly: It cuts Cau Long river, Dinh Tien Hoang road, Phuoc Hau road and residential roads and other canals. - In the end point, the main road No.2 intersects Pho Co Dieu road (NH53) where the population is crowded. Within 100m from the intersection, the population is quite dense and there are many permanent houses. At the NH53, the road quality is relatively good, with a width of about 25-30m. Environmental status: As the road mainly passes through fields, the environmental quality is good. However, noise at the intersection with canals and roads should be paid special attention. Page 102 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project End point Start point Phuoc Hau road Dinh Tien Hoang Intersection Cau Lo river road intersection intersection Figure 36: Current status of the main road 2 7. Construction of infrastructure for residential areas in Ward 8 The resettlement area in ward 8 is constructed in the vacant land and agricultural land managed by People’s Committee of Ward 8. The total area of vacant and agricultural land is about12.5 ha, interspersed in residential areas. Using status: The vacant land or agricultural land border the existing residential area to the North and the East, border the local road (asphalt road) to the South and the West. Environmental status: There are no soil, water and air contamination in the construction area. However, dust, noise during construction process should be paid much attention to avoid impacts on surrounding residential area. Residential area Figure 37: Residential area in ward 8 Page 103 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 2.6. SENSITIVE RECEPTOR DESCRIPTION AT THE PROJECT AREAS Table 25: List of sensitive receptors at the project areas Sensitive receptors Descriptions 1. Construction of urban drainage system: no sensitive receptors 2. Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system: there is 01 sensitive receptors Thanh Duc market Located on the route of transporting raw materials into the construction area of the wastewater treatment plant. This is a densely-populated area. There is no land affected by the project. Thanh Duc market area is about 3,000 m2, with about 50 households doing business in the market. Business activities occur from 6am to 7pm daily. Thanh Duc C Primary Located on the transportation road to the construction area of School the wastewater treatment plant The area has highly population density Do not require land acquisition The area of campus is about 2,000 m2, the total number of classes is 20. The school has about 40 teachers, with over 600 students School time: Monday - Friday, start from 6:30 am - 7:30 pm and end from, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm 3. Flood control in core urban areas: There are 06 sensitive strcutures Cua market The market is located at the embankment of the Long Ho river, where people’s business activities are concentrated. This is a densely populated area around Cua market Construction of Long Ho river embankment will affect a small area of Cua market (about <10%), affecting people’s business activities . Cua market area is about 2,100 m2. Business and trading time takes place from 5h to 19h everyday. Tran Phu Secondary School Located near Long Ho river embankment area, where is crowded residential area, about 40-50m from Long Ho embankment area Do not require land acquisition. The area of the campus is about 1,700 m2, with over 500 students School time: Monday - Friday, start from 6:30 am - 7:30 pm and end from, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm Van Thanh Temple of Vinh Located near Long Ho river embankment area, where is Long city crowded residential area, about 40-50m from Long Ho embankment area. Do not require land acquisition. Worship and ceremonies mostly take place on the first day or full moon day, on holidays and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Van Thanh Temple area every year Page 104 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions Tran Quoc Toan Primary Located near the area of embankment of Long Ho river, a School densely, populated place, about 70-80m from Long Ho embankment area Do not require land acquisition. The area of the campus is about 1,500 m2, with over 400 students Students' study time takes place from Monday - Friday, starting time and ending time is between 6:30 am - 7:30 pm, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm Phap Hai Pagoda Located near Long Ho river embankment area, where densely populated, about 40-50m from Long Ho embankment area. Do not require land acquisition Worship and ceremonies mostly take place on the first day or full moon day, on holidays and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Phap Hai Pagoda area every year. Giac Thien Pagoda Located near Long Ho river embankment area, where densely populated, about 50-60m from Long Ho embankment area. Do not require land acquisition Worship and ceremonies mostly take place on the first day or full moon day, on holidays and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Giap Thien Pagoda area every year. University of Economics Located near tidal sewer area No. 4, about 30-50m from the Ho Chi Minh City – Vinh construction area Long Branch Do not require land acquisition The area of the campus is about 40,000 m2, with over 1500 students Students' study time takes place from Monday - Friday, starting time and ending time is between 6:30 am - 7:30 pm, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm, 13:00 pm – 14:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm. In addition, there are still research activities of teachers outside of teaching hours. 4. New construction of road connecting Ward 8 to Ward 9: No sensitive structures 5. Construction of main road No. 1: No sensitive structures 6. Construction of main road No. 2: No sensitive structures 7. Construction of infrastructure for the Resettlement Area in Ward 8: There is 01 sensitive receptors Pho Minh Pagoda Located near the resettlement area of Ward 8, about 100m Page 105 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions from the construction site. The project does not occupy land of this project There are not many people around Worship and ceremonies mostly take place on the first day or full moon day, on holidays and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Pho Minh Pagoda area every year Page 106 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The asessment on environmental and social impacts caused by the activities under Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project in preparation, construction and operation stages aims to qualitatively and quantitively identify potential impacts on environment, society and human health during the project implementation; then accordingly, to propose appropriate mitigation measures for the project’s negative impacts. The scope of the project's environmental and social impact assessment covers 3 components: - Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation - Component 2: Strategic corridors development; - Component 3: Compensation and resettlement. 3.1. THE PROJECT’S POSITIVE IMPACTS Positive impacts of Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation - Improving health and living conditions of the people in the project area, especially the households living in the encroachment areas, reducing pollution for Long Ho, Cau Lo rivers and canals in urban core area - Improving environmental sanitation, reducing pollution (ordor and flies) for households living along canals; - Minimizing flooding for households in urban core areas and households living near canals; - Ensuring safety along the banks of canals and rivers; - Facilitating local people to increase their income during construction (by selling commodities) and have the opportunity to increase their income by protecting assets and commercial goods, ensuring their normal business activities during the flood season; - Increasing the area for restaurants and tourism development; - Creating open space along the river banks for recreational and sports activities; - The project will relocate households encroaching canals to the resettlement site where living condition is better. - Giving people opportunity to participate in the project as a worker, labor .. - In addition to the flood control impacts, the construction of roads along the embankments of Long Ho river will bring about economic, social, environmental and aesthetic values. It will create public spaces for people’s walking, exercising and recreation activities, etc. This will also facilitate river tourism development. In addition, the construction of the park will bring a new appeance to the city, an urban civilized country, and a green - clean - beautiful city. Positive impacts of Component 2: Strategic corridors development - Increasing income through the production and trading of agricultural products, helping households to invest more in housing and health, thus helping to increase living standards for people - Brining higher profits to small household businesses thanks to improved transportation and as a result, local revenue will also increase; - Giving opportunities for exploiting agricultural land in the project area, creating a driving force to improve production productivity and convert agricultural production to people; Page 107 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Increasing access to vocational training and employment opportunities for young workers - The transport system connecting the inner city to the suburbs of Vinh Long City, and urban infrastructure will be upgraded to be more modern, effective for the production and consumption of goods thanks to better accessibility to the market; value of land in suburban areas will be increased. Positive impacts of Component 3: Compensation and resettlement - Improving infrastructure and landscape for the city, creating motivation to form a civilized city, a green city - clean - beautiful; - Creating a driving force for restructuring agricultural economy into services and commerce; - Increasing the value of land use in the area; Environmental impacts: Flooding, pollution, unpleasant odors will be significantly reduced in Vinh Long City thanks to the flood control and the drainage system of the project. The project’s investments will help achieve Vietnam's goal of ensuring an environmental-friendly and sustainable development for the city. The project's works will be built on the basis of research of climate change resilience and saline intrusion prvention in Vinh Long City which is expected to be seriously affected by climate change. 3.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS Based on the analysis of baseline data, field visits and discussions with officials and stakeholders, the project’s potential negative impacts on the physical, biological and economic environments have been identified. The type and scopee of these potential negative impacts are summarized in the table below. The potential negative impacts of the project, after implementation of the mitigation measures presented in the following sections of the report, are mostly negligible. Page 108 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 26: Project’s potential negative impacts Physical Biological Social Others Solid Livelihood, Description Air, Soil, waste, Natural Fish, Land Indigenous Physical disturbance to Local Impact aquatic acquisition, cultural flooding, outside the noise,vibration water dredged ecosystem people local system resettlement resources traffic, safety project area sludge community Component 1: Flood risk management and environmental sanitation Work items: Investment in a rainwater drainage system in combination with rehabilitation of sidewalks and trees in low-lying areas in the urban core area with an area of 2,060 hectares and a population of about 112,000 people. Investment in a D400-D1200 round culvert system for roads in urban core area: 30,000 m. Rehabilitation of sidewalks in combination with planting trees and investing in lighting systems: 240,000 m2. Rehabilitation of the main drainage canal system in the urban area: dredging and embankment with a total length of 22.0km. Household connection: 26,000 households. Construction of 58 km of DN200-DN800 collection sewers Construction of about 49 km of DN160 - DN225 wastewater collection pipeline Construction of 02 sewers across the bridge spanning Cau Lo and Long Ho rivers Constructing 30 wastewater overflow wells Construction of 17 pumping stations Constructing 01WWTP with capacity of 15,000 m3/day using biotechnology. Construction of embankment of Long Ho river (L = 6.0km). Construction of tidal sluice gates: 9 sluices with dimensions of 3.0 - 15.0m. Preparation L M L L L H N L M L L Construction M M M L L N N L M M M Operation L L L N N N N L L L M Note - Low and medium impacts can be mitigated through ESCOPs - Impact on sensitive receptors. - Impact on water environment. - Interruption of traffic activities. Page 109 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Physical Biological Social Others Solid Livelihood, Description Air, Soil, waste, Natural Fish, Land Indigenous Physical disturbance to Local Impact aquatic acquisition, cultural flooding, outside the noise,vibration water dredged ecosystem people local system resettlement resources traffic, safety project area sludge community - Impact on waterway transport activities on the river. - Odor and emissions due to dredged materials. - Impacts on agricultural production activities. Component 2: Strategic corridors development Work items Construction of a connection road between Ward 8 and Ward 9: L = 3.0km Construction of the main road No.1: L = 5.5km Construction of the main road No. 2: L = 5.8km Preparation M M M N L M N N M M M Construction H H H N L M N N M M M Operation M L L N L N N N N M M Note - Low and medium impacts can be mitigated through ESCOPs - Impact on sensitive receptors. - Impact on water environment. - Interruption of traffic activities. - Risk of bridge abutment settlement during construction phase - Impact on water navigation on the rivers\ - Impacts on agricultural production activities. Component 3: Compensation and resettlement Work items: Construction of infrastructure for the resettlement site in ward 8 with area of 12.5ha. Preparation L L L N N M N N L N N Construction M M M N L N N L L L L Operation N L N N N N N N L L N Page 110 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Physical Biological Social Others Solid Livelihood, Description Air, Soil, waste, Natural Fish, Land Indigenous Physical disturbance to Local Impact aquatic acquisition, cultural flooding, outside the noise,vibration water dredged ecosystem people local system resettlement resources traffic, safety project area sludge community Note Low and medium impacts can be mitigated through ESCOPs. Concerns about road safety during material transportation. Safety and health risks of local community. Issues related to waste water and waste during operation. Note: (1) The following criteria are used for impact assessment: Negligible (N) has no effect; Low (L) - small works, minor impacts, localized, reversible, temporary; Medium (M) small works in urban/sensitive areas, medium-sized buildings with moderate impacts including reversible, minimized and manageable, local, temporary; High (H) - Medium and small scale urban/sensitive buildings, large scale buildings have significant impacts (and social/or environmental) in which many cases are irreversible and requires compensation, Both M and H need to monitor and implement mitigation measures and adequate institutional capacity for safety. (2) Small and medium-sized buildings, most of their impacts are localized, temporary, and can be mitigated through the application of good engineering solutions and construction management practices, with supervision, inspection and close consultation with the local community. Page 111 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 3.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN PREPARATION STAGE General impacts during the preparation phase include (1) land acquisition; (2) Safety risks related to leftover mines and unexploded ordnances (UXO). As the project is constructed by consecutive construction method or due to short preparation time, impacts from dismantling and site clearance, dredging, excavation or camp preparation will be mainly generated in the construction phase and will be presented in the next section. 3.3.1. Impact on land Results of the preliminary inventory of losses show that, the project will affect land and assets of 1,800 households, of which 550 affected households will be relocated. Table 27: Summary of project’s impacts Number of Relocated No. Work item affected HHs HHs 1 Construction of urban drainage system 130 25 2 Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system 200 30 3 Flood control for the city’s key areas 600 280 4 Construction of connection road between ward 8 and ward 9 150 65 5 Construction of the main road No.1 300 70 6 Construction of the main road No.2 300 80 7 Construction of infrastructure for resettlement site in ward 8 120 0 Total 1,800 550 Details of data related to permanent and temporary land acquisition: areas, types of land, houses, structures, trees, etc. will be updated in the Resettlement Plan report (RP) in the next phases of the project. ï?¶ Impact on livelihood According to the results of the preliminary socio-economic survey, the project will affect households whose main income is from agricultural production and some households who trade and live near the Long Ho embankment. The project will affect the livelihoods of 725 households who lose agricultural and business land. The construction of Long Ho river embankment and the main roads No. 1 and No. 2, will cause greater impact on people’s income and livelihoods than other works because it will affect more productive land area and more trees. 710/725 households (making up 98%) are slightly affected on productive land (because most of them lose less than 20% of the total land area). Moreover, this impact is scattered in 11 wards/communes of Vinh Long City and Long Ho District, concentrated in the first phase of the project, after which this impact will be reduced as people can looking for new sources of livelihood and gradually have their lives subsistence. At the same time, the affected households will not only be compensated with cash for the affected land and trees, but also will get support with livelihood restoration (support for livelihood susistence, production stabilization and vocational training, job placement). Therefore, this impact is assessed as "MEDIUM" and can be mitigated through the project Resettlement Plan. ï?¶ Impact on relocated households Households who have to relocate will have psychological effects and changes in community Page 112 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project relationships. Relocated households need time to adapt to the new environment with access to new services such as health care, markets, schools, etc. Other social relationships will gradually develop when they relocate to a new living area. The number of households that have to be resettled in the project is 550 households (accounting for 30.56% of the total affected households) due to the construction of work items (the most at the embankment of Long Ho river). Relocated households will receive compensation money, take care of their own accommodation near the current living area or will be resettled in the project Resettlement site (in Ward 8, Vinh Long City). The resettlement site will be built with complete infrastructure such as electricity supply, water supply and drainage, health stations, markets and schools within a short distance of 0.5-2km. Daily activities of relocated households will be guaranteed. Therefore, the impact is assessed as "MEDIUM" and can be mitigated through supports for relocated households (transporatation support, rental support, self-relocation support) under the Resettlement Plan of the project. ï?¶ Impacts on the business activities The project will affect 75 business households at the embankment of Long Ho river (of which 50 households do business in Cua market and 25 households sell products along Long Ho river). However, the impacts are assessed to be “Moderateâ€? because: (i) business activities are taken places in the area toward Long Ho river bak (ii) Interruption of business activities during construction period. However, the impacts can be mitigated; (i) successive construction methods are used to ensure the shortest period of interruption; (ii) information disclosure and public consultations are conducted to disclose the purposes, meaning and positive impacts brought about by the project in the future; (iii) households receive compensation and supports for loss of income and business (support for production and business subsistence; support for relocation of production and business establishments, severance allowances) . Figure 38: Existing status of business activities in the project area Business disruption will locally take place during the construction period (within the household). However, when the project comes into operation, it will contribute to the development of household business and at the same time the impacts can be minimized through the Resettlement Plan specifically developed for the project. ï?¶ Change in land use purpose The purpose of land use in the project area will be changed thanks to formation of four main roads No. 1, No. 2, and the connection road between Ward 8 and Ward 9, in addition to changing the land use purpose during construction of Long Ho river embankment. The project’s occupation of residential land and agricultural land will change the local land use structure, affecting income sources and livelihoods of affected households. However, this impact is rated as "LOW" because: (i) the structure of land use in the project area tends to shift to increase the Page 113 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project proportion in services and industry, and reduce the proportion in argricultural production; (ii) after the project is put into operation, the value of land use will be increased (from agricultural land to urban land); (iii) the accessibility will be easier, promoting local economic development. The positive impacts brought by the project are much larger than the negative impacts, and these negative impacts can be mitigated through the project’s Resettlement Plan. 3.3.1.1. Safety risk related to unexploded ordnances ï?¶ Safety risk related to remaining unexploded ordnances If the unexploded ordnances (UXO) are not cleared, this can be a risk in construction phase which can directly affect workers, local people and surrounding infrastructure. This impact is rated as HIGH and has a long-term impact on the psychology, health, property and lives of workers and people in the vicinity of the incident. At the same time, these impacts can affect a wide range, affecting the air, causing deterioration of soil quality. However, these impact can be mitigated through clearance of boms, mines and unexploded ordances by functional units. ï?¶ Risks during clearance of unexploded ordnances Project’s work items that need clearance of UXO include: (i) 03 main roads No. 1, No. 2, connection road between ward 8 and 9; (ii) Long Ho River embankment and (iii) Resettlement site in Ward 8. During the construction, the risk of explosion may directly affect those who directly involve in the clearance work because of the potential of the war’s left-over unexploded ordances. The clearance process may detonate mines and unexploded ordnance due to improper clearance techniques, posing a danger to the clearance workers' lives. This impact is considered HIGH, but can be mitigated because the clearing unit is a military unit, with full functionality, technical equipment, qualifications and experience. Figure 39: Illustrative photographs for clearance of UXO Therefore, clearance of UXO is an important work to avoid possible threats to surrounding structures and to the safety of citizens and construction workers. For this project, this clearance work should be carefully conducted before commencement of construction. The impact of UXO has a significant negative impact without mitigation measures, with high risks to health, life and infrastructure. UXO clearance must be completed prior to commencement of construction works and the construction activities are only conducted within the UXO-free areas. 3.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Types of activities to be performed during the construction of works items of Vinh Long UDCR project include: - Leveling, erection of worker camps and construction office; - Operation of machines and workers; - Transportation and gathering of raw materials and fuels for construction; Page 114 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Rehabilitation of wastewater collection and treatment in residenital area; - Construction of wastewater collection pipeline to the wastewater treatment plant; - Construction of wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day; - Dredging of 22km of drainage canals in urban areas; - Earthworks, construction of foundations for roads and resettlement site; - Construction of tidal sluicegates; - Drilling of bored piles to build piers and bridge abutments across canals; Piling/driving piles to reinforce embankments of Long Ho river; - Backfilling, reinstatement of the site, revetment on canals and ditches; - Construction of subgrade layer and and asphalt paving for roads; - Transportation of materials to landfills. 3.4.1. General impacts during construction phase 3.4.1.1. Impact on air 1. Dust and air pollutants Dust from earthwork The process of excavation, backfilling is considered to be the most significant source of dust during the construction phase. If the construction is mainly conducted in dry season, dust pollution will be the highest. Dust concentration can be 10-15 times higher than the permitted level and dust concentration will gradually decrease after the completion of construction items. According to the pre-feasibility study report of the project, the total volume of earthwork and leveling of works is shown in the Table below: Table 28: Volume of earth work for the project’s work items Excavation Backfilling Total (m3) Convert No Work item (m3) (m3) into tons Construction of urban drainage 1. 5,273 4,598 9,871 14,313 system Construction of wastewater 2. 6,774 5,622 12,396 17,974 collection and treatment system Flood control for the city’s key 3. 6,685 9,506 16,191 23,477 areas Construction of connection road 4. 15,544 20,700 36,244 52,554 between 8 and ward 9 Construction of the main road 5. 28,397 32,866 61,263 88,831 No.1 Construction of the main road 6. 32,533 35,892 68,425 99,216 No.2 Construction of infrastructure for 7. 12,202 15,.212 27,414 39,750 resettlement site in ward 8 1m3 = 1.45 ton of soil/stone The level of dust dispersion during leveling depends on the volume of excavation and backfilling. The amount of diffused dust is calculated based on the pollution coefficient and the volume of excavated and filled soil. According to the World Health Organization guidelines, the pollution coefficient E is calculated using the following formula: Page 115 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 1,4  u    E  k  0,0016   1,3 2,2 M     2 (CT1) Where: - E – pollution coefficient (kg/ton). - k - Particle structure, with mean values 0.35. - u - Average wind speed in the project area (1.3 m/s). - M - Average moisture of the material (20%). From the conditions of average particle structure, average wind speed, humidity of earthwork materials ... the pollution coefficient E is determined to be = 0.00535 (kg/ton). The construction period of works items varies from 15 to 24 months (depending on the volume, geographical conditions, construction methods). The average dust concentration of 1 hour at each construction site is calculated in the following: Table 29: Concentration of dust generated by earthwork and leveling activities Average Weight Dust load Surface Load No Work item concentration (ton) (kg) area (m2) (kg/day) (1h) (mg/m3) Construction of urban drainage 1. 4,313 301 50,490 0.514 0.393 system Construction of wastewater 2. 7,974 329 50,490 0.609 0.524 collection and treatment system Flood control for the city’s key 3. 23,477 1,105 31,240 1.535 0.675 areas Construction of connection road 4. 52,554 2,816 144,320 4.694 0.447 between ward8 and ward 9 Construction of the main road 5. 88,831 4,692 152,268 8.689 0.785 No.1 Construction of the main road 6. 99,216 4,526 73,920 10.058 1.871 No.2 Construction of infrastructure for 7. 39,750 137 10,429 0.305 0.756 resettlement site in ward 8 The results of dust concentration calculation indicate that the total average dust concentration of 1 hour in the project area when performing construction items has exceeded the permissible standards of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (limit: 0.3 mg/m3); of which the maximum concentration of 6.24 times higher than permissible level is found at the work item of the urban main road No.2, and the concentration of about 2.5 times higher than permissible level is found at the work item of the urban main road No. 1. The impact of dust on the concentrated residential areas along the intersection with canals are rated at MEDIUM because: - The construction area has an open ground and many surrounding trees. - The earthwork activities mostly take place in low-lying areas and field areas along the route due to the low-lying ground level and need to be improved. - Level of dust dispersion: locally at the earthwork area, not widely dispersed because the Page 116 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project emission source is the point source and the area is open with many trees. - Dust caused by earthwork, if mitigation measures are applied, will affect:  Daily activities, affecting the travel of people near the project area.  Potential risk to public health: eye and lung diseases due to higher levels of airborne dust. In addition, dust from the leveling process also affects people living near the embankment area of Long Ho river, people near the resettlement site of Ward 8 ... In fact, the amount of dust generated is not much compared to the calculation because the construction time of each item is different (mainly focused on the first 1-2 months of the construction period) and does not occur at the same time. In addition, the construction sites are scattered in 11 wards/communes of Vinh Long City. Moreover, the dust dispersion concentration decreases very quickly compared to the distance to the source and the mitigation measures will be mentioned in the next chapters to minimize the impact of dust on the surrounding air as well as on local people near the project area. Dust and emissions from construction machinery and equipment To calculate the amount of emissions (CO, NO2, SO2) due to the operation of machinery and equipment during the construction process such as excavatorl, mixers, piling machines, etc. (using a tonne of oil for internal combustion engines), this EIA report is based on Natz Transport, Shun Dar Lin, 2005. Emission factors are presented in the Table below. Table 30: Emission factors Emission factors (kg/tons of oil) Coeffiicent of oil (kg/ton of soil) SO2 NO2 CO 0.1 2.8 12.3 0.05 Source: Natz Transport and Shun Dar Lin 2005 Therefore, the amount of emissions generated during earthwork is estimated in the following table: Table 31: Estimated emissions generated by construction equipment Amount SO2 Nox CO Weight of oil to concentration No Work item concentration concentration (ton) be used 3 (ton) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Construction of urban 1. 4,313 0.4313 0.0012 0.0053 0.00022 drainage system Construction of 2. wastewater collection and 7,974 0.7974 0.0022 0.0098 0.00040 treatment system Flood control for the city’s 3. 23,477 2.3477 0.0066 0.0289 0.00117 key areas Construction of 4. connection road between 52,554 5.2554 0.0147 0.0646 0.00263 ward8 and ward 9 Construction of the main 5. 88,831 8.8831 0.0249 0.1093 0.00444 road No.1 Page 117 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Amount SO2 Nox CO Weight of oil to concentration No Work item concentration concentration (ton) be used 3 (ton) (mg/m ) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Construction of the main 6. 99,216 9.9216 0.0278 0.1220 0.00496 road No.2 Construction of 7. infrastructure for 39,750 3.9750 0.0111 0.0489 0.00199 resettlement site in ward 8 In general, the concentration of emissions generated by construction equipment and machinery on the site is not high, both within the permissible limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. The main affected objects are construction workers on the construction site and adjacent residential areas such as: residential areas near canals intersecting roads, residential areas near Long Ho river embankment, residential area near Ward 8 resettlement site ... These impacts are locally at the construction site with radius of about 50-100m from the source. However, the impact will last mainly about 8-10 hours a day during construction activities so it is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through ESCOPs. Dust and emissions from transportation of materials and disposals The process of transportation of raw materials, fuels and construction materials from the sources to the construction site or the transportation of excess solid waste from the construction site to the disposal site can generate dust and emissions due to operation of vehicles (mainly emissions from engines include CO, SO2, NO2). Dust and emissions will directly affect transportation workers and residents living along transportation routes. Impacts due to material transportation and disposal activities include: - Dust and emissions generated will obstruct the view, affecting the health of workers, road users and residents living along the transportation and disposal routes - The transport process may cause traffic congestion, traffic safety, affecting people's transportation activities. - Affect business and trading activities of people along the transportation and disposal routes. - Materials are not covered, spilled during transportation, causing loss of urban beauty, affecting environmental sanitation conditions along the transport route. The level of impact of generated dust and emissions depends on many factors such as transportation distance, engine type, engine capacity, type and amount of fuel used, air operation, and road quality. In order to estimate the amount of dust and emissions generated, this report uses the "Environmental Pollution Factor" method of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) which are applied for diesel vehicles of 10 tons capacity on urban roads as follows: (i) Dust 0.9 (g/km); (ii) SO2 4.29S (g/km, with S = 0.05% -% sulfur content in the fuel; (iii) CO 6.0 (g/km); (iv) NOx 1.18 (g/km). From the generated dust load and emissions, the SUTTON model is used to determine the average concentration of pollutants at any time with the linear waste source as follows:     ( z  h) 2    ( z  h) 2    0,8 E exp    exp     2ï?³ z  2ï?³ z  2 2    (CT2) C= ï?³ z ï‚´u Where: Page 118 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - C – Concentration of pollutants in the air (mg/m3) - E - Load of pollutants from the source (mg/ms) - z – Height of the calculated area (m) - h – Height of road surface from its surrounding round level (m) - u – Average wind speed in the area (m/s) The vertical diffusion coefficient of pollutant (z) with atmospheric stability in the study area is categorized as B which is determined by the following calculation formula: ï?³ z = 0.53 x 250.73 (m) In which: x is the distance from the calculation point to the waste source in the wind direction, the calculation method is to divide the coordinates of points in the horizontal axis (x) and the vertical axis (z). For the project area the average wind speed is 1.3 m/s. The level of stability of the atmosphere is type B. Diffusion coefficient ï?³ z depends on the atmosphere diffusion. The value of ï?³ z by vertical wind is calculated by Slade with atmospheric stability of type B and the distance x = 25m from the center of the calculated road to the sides . ï?¶ Dust and emissions generated from transportation of raw materials to the construction site According to the pre-feasibility study report, total amount of raw materials (soil, sand, cement, iron, steel ...) to be transported is shown in the Table below. Table 32: Volume of materials to be transported and amount of trips Number of Total trips Average trips per of Construction Weight day transportation No. Work item transporting duration (including distance (ton) vehicles (day) entrance (km) (trip) and leave) Construction of urban drainage 1. 4,313 431 300 3 15 system Construction of wastewater 2. 7,974 797 300 5 10 collection and treatment system Flood control for the city’s key 3. 23,477 2348 300 16 20 areas Construction of connection road 4. 52,554 5255 540 19 15 between ward8 and ward 9 Construction of the main road 5. 88,831 8883 540 33 8 No.1 Construction of the main road 6. 99,216 9922 540 37 10 No.2 Construction of infrastructure for 7. 39,750 3975 450 18 15 resettlement site in ward 8 Table 33: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials Page 119 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Dust CO NO2 SO2 No Work item (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) 1. Construction of urban drainage system 0.134 0.139 0.135 0.136 Construction of wastewater collection and 2. 0.134 0.135 0.134 0.134 treatment system 3. Flood control for the city’s key areas 0.139 0.169 0.14 0.135 Construction of connection road between 4. 0.139 0.171 0.141 0.135 ward8 and ward 9 5. Construction of the main road No.1 0.123 0.149 0.124 0.119 6. Construction of the main road No.2 0.138 0.166 0.14 0.135 Construction of infrastructure for resettlement 7. 0.134 0.137 0.134 0.134 site in ward 8 According to the calculation results in the mentioned table, the concentrations of dust and emissions generated from transportation of construction materials are all lower than the permissible limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT for 1 hour. However, the dust and emissions caused by transportation can be combined with the dust and emissions of daily vehicles, along with hot weather, which can affect health and daily activities of people living along intersection areas of the roads with canals or with national highways, district roads and inter-communal roads (the distance from the road to the people's house ranges from 5 to 50m). These impacts occur during the construction process and will gradually decrease until the operation of the works. The effect is concentrated within 8-10 hours/day. Specifically: - For the construction of roads, the volume of materials for transportation is large, with more than 20 transportation trips per day (during 24 months of construction), on an average transport distance of 15km. Dust and emissions directly affect households living along NH1A roads, district roads, and bypass roads of the city, but the population density is not large so the impact is assessed to be MEDIUM and mitigated. - For the remaining works, the volume of materials for transportation is not much, with less than 20 transportation trips per day (during 24 months of construction), on a transport distance from 10-20km. At the same time, the transportation routes are convenient, so the impact of dust and emissions on these construction items is considered LOW and can be mitigated. Dust pollution during mixing of construction materials During the construction process, mixing sand, cement, concreting, etc. also causes dust pollution in the construction site and adjacent residential areas (especially on sunny and hot days). From the monitoring results obtained at some locations about 50-100m from the construction site, at the end of the prevailing wind, the concentration of dust in the ambient air is at 20-30 mg/m3, 60-100 times higher than the permissible limit in the QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. Meanwhile, the material gathering site is not located in residential areas (distance to the nearest residential area is about 100m, except 2 work items of Long Ho river embankment and Ward 8 Resettlement site) and the construction site is wide so this impact will mainly affect workers. For the work items of Long Ho river embankment and Ward 8 resettlement site, the distance to the private houses is from 30 to 50m, so the dust during mixing of materials can also affect people nearby the construction site. However, this impact is assessed at a LOW because it is only happened at the site and takes place about 10 hours intermittenly during day-time construction process. This impact can be mitigated by appropriate measures. Page 120 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 40: The residential areas near the work items of Long Ho river embankment and the Resettlement site 2. Noise During the construction phase of the project, noise generated mainly from the following sources: - Transportation of construction materials, solid waste; - Construction and dismantling works items; - Operation of construction equipment at the construction site. The noise will mainly affect construction workers, people living nearby the project area and along the transportation route. High noise level will cause health effects such as insomnia, fatigue, uncomfortable mood. It can also affect workers’s performance on the construction site, making them less mentally focused and easily leading to occupational accidents. According to QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT, the maximum permissible noise level is 70dBA in the production area and the lowest noise level is 45dBA in health centers, libraries, nursing homes, schools from 21h to 6am. For residential areas, the maximum permitted noise level must not exceed 70dBA. In addition to the source of dust and emission gases from earthworks and vehicles, the operation of construction machinery and equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, cranes, hoists, drilling machines, concrete mixers, excavators, trucks ... also cause noise pollution and great vibration. Forecast on noise level generated by some main construction machines and equipment is shown in the table below. Table 34: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment Noise (dBA) at a distance of 1.5m No Name of machine/equipment from the source 1 Bulldozer 93 2 Roller 72 – 74 3 Excavator 72 – 84 4 Bucket excavator 72 – 93 5 Grader 80 – 93 6 Concrete mixer 75 – 88 7 Concrete pump 80 – 83 8 Concrete compactor 85 9 Generator 72 – 83 (Source: US Environmental Protection Committee - Noise from construction equipment and construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971) Page 121 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project However, the noise level will decrease by distance and is determined by the formula Lp=Lp(X0) + 20log10(X0/X) Where: - Lp(X0): noise level at a distance of 1.5m from the source (dBA); - X0 = 1.5m; - Lp(X): noise level at the calculated position (dBA); - X: calculated position (m). Maximum noise level by distance due to operation of construction equipment is shown in the following table: Table 35: Maximum noise level by distance noise noise noise noise noise noise level level level level level level distanced distanced distanced distanced distanced Name of distanced 15m from 30m from 50m from 100m 200m No 1.5m the the the from the from the machine/equipment from the source source source source source source (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1 Bulldozer 93 73.0 67.0 62.5 56.5 50.5 2 Roller 72-74 52.0 54.0 46.0 48.0 41.5 43.5 35.5 37.5 29.5 31.5 3 Excavator 72-84 52.0 64.0 46.0 58.0 41.5 53.5 35.5 47.5 29.5 41.5 4 Bucket excavator 72-93 52.0 73.0 46.0 67.0 41.5 62.5 35.5 56.5 29.5 50.5 5 Grader 80-93 60.0 73.0 54.0 67.0 49.5 62.5 43.5 56.5 37.5 50.5 6 Concrete mixer 75-88 55.0 68.0 49.0 62.0 44.5 57.5 38.5 51.5 32.5 45.5 7 Concrete pump 80-83 60.0 63.0 54.0 57.0 49.5 52.5 43.5 46.5 37.5 40.5 8 Concrete compactor 85 65.0 59.0 54.5 48.5 42.5 9 Generator 72-83 52.0 62.5 46.0 56.5 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6-21h) 70 dBA In addition, on the construction site there are many noise sources so the noise will be greater due to the resonance. Additional noise levels are presented below Table 36: Additional noise levels when there are other on-site activities Difference of noise Additional noise Difference of noise Additional noise levels (dB) (dB) levels (dB) (dB) 0 3.0 7 0.8 1 2.6 8 0.6 2 2.1 10 0.4 3 1.8 12 0.3 4 1.5 14 0.2 5 1.2 16 0.1 6 1 Page 122 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project (Source: Le Trinh - Environmental impact assessment - Methods and applications - Science and Technology Publishing House) According to the calculation results in Table 2, the noise level at a distance of 30m from the construction vehicles and equipment is within the permissible limits (<70dB). The noise is decreased by distance from the construction site. Among the above noise sources, the most noticeable is the noise of trucks transporting construction materials through residential areas. - For the construction of roads: households are living along both sides of the transportation routes (about 20m distanced) or living far from the construction site (> 50m). Therefore, the noise will mainly affect workers participating in the construction and a small part of people living along canals at the intersection between the road to be constructed and the canal. - For the construction of the resettlement site in Ward 8: noise will only affect workers at the construction site because the distance from the construction site to the nearest house is 50m - For construction of Long Ho river embankment: Because there are many houses around the construction site, the distance ranges from 5-30m, so the noise from vehicles, construction equipment on the construction site can direcly affect daily activities of people. - For the work item of rehabilitation of drainage system: most of people are living along the canals, so the construction process can affect daily activities of the people. However, not many construction machines will be used and construction volume in this work item is not much. However, according to the calculation results, the noise level at the construction sites is LOW, generating in a short time and scattering over 11 wards under the project. Construction machinery and equipment will not work simultaneously but in shifts and phases depending on the progress and construction volume of items, of which each type of machine will be used differently, so the resonance impact is very low. Moreover, all vehicles and equipment will be checked periodically and noise will cease when construction is completed. Noise can be minimized by measures such as labor protection equipment and noise protection devices. 3. Vibration Vibration can be generated mainly from equipment operating with large capacity and often on site such as bulldozers, excavators, air compressors, etc. from activities of leveling, pile driving…when construction of bridge abutment and embankment. Vibration can directly affect the workers involved in operating the machines, the people living nearby and the infrastructure around the construction site. Vibration will affect people's daily life, business activities and other structures and even cause the cracks or collapses of houses. When the intensity is small and the impact is short, this vibration has a good effect like increasing muscle strength, reducing fatigue. When the intensity is high and the effect is long, it can cause discomfort to the body. Vibration combined with noise makes the hearing organ too tired, affecting human health. Typical vibration levels of some construction equipment are shown in the table below Table 37: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment Type of construction machinery and No Reference vibration (by vertical direction, dB) equipment 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Heavy transport vehicle 74 4 Roller 82 Page 123 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Type of construction machinery and No Reference vibration (by vertical direction, dB) equipment 5 Air compressor 81 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Committee Vibration from construction equipment and construction machinery, NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197 To forecast the amount of vibration decreasing by distance, following formula is used: L = L0 – 10lg (r/r0) – 8.7a (r – r0) (dB) Where: - L is vibration in dB at a distance "r" meters away from the source; - Lo is vibration in dB measured at a distance "ro" meters from the source. Vibration at a distance of ro = 10 m is generally acknowledged as source vibration. - a is the intrinsic vibration reduction coefficient on clay ground of about 0.5. Forecasting results are presented in following table Table 38: Vibration decrease by distance Source Vibration at distance vibration (r0=10m) r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m No Equipment Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq Laeq Lveq (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) (dB) (mm/s) 1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02 2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02 Heavy transport 3 vehicle 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01 4 Roller 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03 Air 5 compressor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03 QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, permissible limit 75dB from 6  21h and baseline level from 21h6h. DIN 4150, 1970 (German), 2mm/s: No impact; 5mm/s: flaking; 10mm/s: potential impact on structural bearing component; 20  40mm/s: affecting structural bearing component; According to the calculation results in Table 5, the vibration caused by construction machinery and equipment at a distance of 12m is within the permissible limits of QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease by distance from the source. This vibration impact will mainly affect construction workers at the site. However, vibration impact should be considered in construction sites near the residential area, but at a low level: - The intersection of traffic routes with canals. - Residential area near the embankment of Long Ho river. - Areas of sluice gates number 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. Impact due to vibration is assessed to be LOW because the equipment will only operate intermittenly and the impact only happen at the construction site where workers can work if shifts and can be protected by labor protective equipment. Vibration impact can be minimized through the application of appropriate construction methods and construction plans. Page 124 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 3.4.1.2. Impact on water quality 1. Domestic wastewater generated from workers’ camp Each construction site will gather about 50 ÷ 100 workers for construction work. The number of workers will concentrate mostly in the first phase of the project and will decrease as the work progresses. With a standard norm of 100 liters of water per person per day (According to Vietnam construction standards - TCXDVN 33-2006 ), equally 100% of water supply standard (45 liters/person/day), the total daily wastewater generated at each construction site will vary from 2.25and 4.5 m3/day. Domestic wastewater from construction workers is the main cause affecting the water quality in the surrounding area. Domestic wastewater contains many residues, easily degradable organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria, which can pollute surface and ground water sources if there is not prompt treatment. At the same time, if domestic wastewater is not collected, there is a potential risk of epidemics (gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin diseases) affecting workers and nearby people. Based on the amount of pollutants presented in the Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Science and Technology in 2006, the amount of pollutants daily discharged by each person into the environment is given in the following table: Table 39: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day No Pollutants Volume (g/person/day) 1 BOD5 45 - 54 2 Total suspended solids 70 - 145 3 Oil, grease 10 - 30 4 NO3- (by N) 6 - 12 5 PO43- (by P) 0,8 - 4,0 6 Coliform 6 10 - 109 MPN/100ml Source: Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - HUT, 2006 Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater is calculated by following formula: 𝑚 M= (CT3) 𝑉 Where: - M: Concentration of calculated pollutant - m: Pollutant load (kg/day). - V: Total generated wastewater (m3/day) Calculation results are presented in following table Table 40: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater Concentration of pollutants in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No Pollutant untreated domestic wastewater (column B) (mg/l) 1 BOD5 582 50 Page 125 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Concentration of pollutants in QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT No Pollutant untreated domestic wastewater (column B) (mg/l) Total suspended 2 1265 100 solids 3 Oil, grease 235 20 4 NO3- (by N) 106 50 3- 5 PO4 (by P) 28 10 6 Coliform 100x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5000 MPN/100ml The calculation results in the above table show that, concentrations of pollutants in the untreated domestic wastewater are much higher than permissible limits in the QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT (column B). Wastewater of this type usually contains total suspended solids (TSS), organic substances (BOD, COD), nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances as well as microorganisms that need to be controlled and treated before being discharged. This is a significant source of pollution which without proper treatment can directly affect the living environment of workers and people around the project area, causing epidemics and directly affecting the groundwater and surface water. Surface water areas prone to this risk are: Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo river, Long Ho, Cai Sao Lon canal, .... However, the impact due to domestic wastewater is considered to be LOW because: (i) the volume of domestic wastewater generated at each camp is not large, and the Contractor also employs local labor or rent houses so the amount of wastewater generated is lower than the calculation; (ii) the impact is localized, only in each worker camp area; (iii) The amount of wastewater is generated intermittently during the day; (iv) Construction period is short (15-24 months depending on construction items). Impacts due to domestic wastewater can be minimized by applying appropriate management and technical measures. 2. Construction wastewater Construction wastewater is generated mainly: (i) concrete mixing for construction of roads and bridges passing through existing roads and canals; construction of sluice gates; embankments of Long Ho river; construction of wastewater treatment plant; construction of technical infrastructure in resettlement area; and auxiliary works; (ii) washing materials and construction equipment. - Concrete mixing activities at construction site areas use 250l concrete mixers, total capacity of 30 m3/h. According to the document namely Concrete Technology and Special Concrete written by Pham Duy Huu, published by Construction Publishing House in 2009, for operation of a concrete mixer with a capacity of 30m3/h, 9.69m3 of water will be required to wash. aggregate and 5.4 m3 of water will be required for concrete mixing work. Of which, 80% of the aggregate washing water will be recycled and reused. Thus, the wastewater during concrete mixing generated on a construction is 20% x 9.69 = 1.94 (m3/h). On average, concrete mixing activities take place 02 hours/day, so the amount of wastewater generated from concrete mixing activities is 1.94 x 2 = 3.88 (m3/day). - The amount of wastewater used to wash construction equipment is estimated at 0.5 m3/day. Thus, the amount of wastewater generated on a construction site is 4.38 m3/day, equivalent to 39.42 m3/day for all work items of the project. Construction wastewater usually contains high content of pH (usually pH>12), high content of total suspended solids and no hazardous substances. If this construction wastewater is not treated, it will cause sedimentation, affecting the receiving water bodies. The affected water bodies include: Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo river, Page 126 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Long Ho river, Cai Sao Lon cananl and surrounding water bodies . In fact, this wastewater will be reused to moisten materials or watering the excavated areas on the site. At the same time, the amount of wastewater generated at each site is small, the construction period is short (15- 24 months), the impact is considered partially at the construction site. Moreover, the frequency of wastewater generated from concrete mixing takes place intermittently. Therefore, the impacts caused by construction wastewater are assessed as LOW and can be mitigate. 3. Rainwater runoff Rainwater is considered to be clean water if it is not in contact with polluted sources such as: polluted wastewater, gas, soil/mud, etc. The main sensitive receptors of this impact is the water bodies in catchment areas of the rainwater runoffs from the construction site. Pollutants in the rainwater runoff during the construction phase are mainly soil, rock, oil, grease and domestic waste that are swept away by rainwater and become a source of pollution to the surface water, soil and groundwater. The amount of rain water runoff on the project area is determined by the following formula: W = ψ x q x F/1000 (m3/ngày) Where: - W: amount of rainwater runoff, m3; - Ψ: Surface runoff coefficient, ψ = 0.2 – 0.95, selecting ψ = 0.2 (because the project area has many trees, canals and cultivated land); - q: Maximum daily precipitation in the calculated area, 120mm; - F: Calculated area (m2). Calculation results of rainwater runoff in the project area are presented in the table below. Table 41: Rainwater runoff on the construction site Flow Q (m3) Construction Flood control in Construction of of new roads Constructi Constructi urban core areas infrastructure for No Description connecting on of main on of main (calculated for the resettlement ward 8 and road No. 1 road No. 2 WWTP) site in ward 8 ward 9 3 4 5 6 7 1 Surface area (m2) 45,000 90,000 165,425 174,000 125,000 Calculated rain 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 2 intensity (mm) Surface runoff 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 3 coefficient Rainwater runoff 1,080 2,160 3,970 4,176 3,000 4 volume (m3) Notes: Works items: rehabilitation of waste collection routes, connection routes to teriary wastewater are locally constructed. For rehabilitation of urban core area, tidal sluicegate, embankment of Long Ho river, the construction area is open and near the surface water drainage system of the city. Therefore, water runoff on the surface of the works is mostly not occured. According to the WHO’s research, the concentration of pollutants in normal rainwater runoff is about 0.5 - 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 - 0.03 mg P/l; 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l. The Page 127 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project receiving sources of rainwater runoff are Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo river, Long Ho river, Cai Sao Lon rivers and other canals. Rainwater runoff from the construction site can sweep away loose materials and soil, minerals on the surface, leaking grease, ... increasing the content of suspended solids, substances, organic matter, increasing turbidity, oil and grease in water, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems of water sources. Without drains, rainwater runoff can affect construction items such as damaging or destroying works in progress, etc. This impact is mainly on rainy season from September to December. However, this impact is assessed to be LOW because: - The construction site is regularly cleaned by the workers, thus limiting material and loose soil and stones being swept away by rainwater runoff. - At each construction site, there is a rainwater drainage system. - Construction activities take place mainly in the dry season and short-term. Impacts due to rainwater runoff can be minimized by appropriate technical and managerial measures. 3.4.1.3. Impact of solid waste 1. Construction solid waste Solid waste can be generated during construction from: earthwork, leveling; dredging sludge; transportation of excess raw materials and solid waste; construction activities; maintenance of construction vehicles, equipment ... Solid wastes include: excavated and spilled soil, rock and sand. In addition, there can be iron debris and steel scrap; cement bags; wood debris, broken bricks... Table 42: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase Volume (ton) No Work item Volume of Low loss level High loss level material (0.005%) (0.01%) Construction of urban draiange 1. 9,303 0.47 0.93 system Construction of wastewater collection 2. 10,639 0.53 1.06 and treatment system 3. Flood control in the urban core area 29,815 1.49 2.98 Construction of new roads connecting 4. 36,441 1.82 3.64 ward 8 and ward 9 5. Construction of main road No. 1 55,932 2.80 5.59 6. Construction of main road No. 2 61,172 3.06 6.12 Construction of infrastructure for the 7. 32,325 1.62 3.23 resettlement site in ward 8 Note: The level of loss of raw materials in accordance with the norms of construction materials is attached to Official Letter No. 1784/BXD-VP of August 16, 2007 and Official Letter 1776/BXD-VP dated August 16, 2007by MOC However, these wastes, if not well controlled, can hinder construction work and increase the amount of dust in and around the construction site area, affecting workers and nearby people. Residential areas prone at this risk are: residential area at Long Ho river embankment, residential areas intersecting with works in Cau Lo river, NH1A road, Dinh Tien Hoang street, Pho Co Dieu street ... Page 128 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project In addition, after the construction process, some types of solid waste such as rubble, scrap steel, cement bags, etc can also be generated. However, this is reusable solid waste and can be salvaged for reuse or sold to units in need so there is low risk of discharging these types of solid wastes into the environment. This impact is assessed at a LOW because: (i) The volume of waste generated is not large and only at the construction site; (ii) Construction period is short; (iii) solid waste will be collected and transported daily to local disposal sites twice in a week. At the same time, this impact can be mitigated through the measures set out in ESCOPs. 2. Domestic solid waste Solid wastes are generated from daily activities of construction workers in the camps. The main components of domestic solid waste include decomposable organic substances and persistent inorganic substances such as nylon bags, bottles, old personal items. The average amount of domestic solid waste is about 0.3 - 0.5 kg/person/day (Vietnam National Environment Report 2011 - Solid waste), with the number of 50-100 workers/construction site, The amount of domestic solid waste is shown in Table 10. Table 43: Volume of domestic solid waste at the construction site Volume of solid waste No Work item Workers (kg/day) 1 Construction of urban draiange system 50 15 - 25 Construction of wastewater collection and 2 21 - 35 treatment system 70 3 Flood control in the urban core area 100 30 - 50 Construction of new roads connecting ward 8 4 24 - 40 and ward 9 80 5 Construction of main road No. 1 50 15 – 25 6 Construction of main road No. 2 70 21 - 35 Construction of infrastructure for the 7 60 18 - 30 resettlement site in ward 8 Total 480 1,440 - 2,400 From Table 10, the total amount of domestic solid waste of the project is on average 154 kg/day, with a construction period of 15 - 24 months, the total amount of domestic solid waste is from 69.3 to 110.88 tons. If domestic solid waste is not collected and disposed appropriately - It can obstruct the flow during the construction, facilitating flood and congestion (at the construction location of the bridge on the main roads No. 1 and No. 2; at the tidal sluice areas, at the canals like Cai Cam, Cau Lo, Long Ho, Cai Sao Lon ...). - It can obstruct traffic when transporting construction materials to the construction site and construction activities of workers (focusing mainly at the construction sites of the roads connecting wards 8 and 9; urban main roads 1 and No. 2, embankment of Long Ho river, resettlement site of ward 8). - Domestic solid waste containing organic ingredients, containing pathogens, so if there is no proper plan for collection, transportation and treatment, it can create great risks to the water and air environment and can directly affect the health of people and construction workers. However, the impact of domestic waste is considered as "LOW" and can be mitigated because: (i) The amount of waste generated on each site is low and is collected daily by workers; (ii) the Page 129 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project impact is localized at construction sites; (iii) the contractor will employ local labor to limit the amount of domestic waste generated; (iv) worker camps will be located far away from residential areas. 3. Hazardous solid wastes Sources of hazardous waste generated from the construction of the project’s items include: (i) Oil contaminated materials from the maintenance of construction machines; (ii) Asphalt removed from road construction, Asphalt containers; (iii) bags, tanks containing oil, asphalt, petrol and paint; (iv) excessive welding rods; (v) Batteries, light bulbs, cartridges from office at the construction site. The volume of hazardous waste depends on the number of equipment/machinery, labor and volume of materials: - If the maintenance of means, vehicles, construction machines is carried out at the construction site, it will generate oil, oil bottles and oil contaminated rags, etc. (estimated at 5kg/month/construction). If not collected and treated, it will affect the landscape, polluting the surface and underground water in the project area. Therefore, take measures should be taken to collect and treat hazardous waste (Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT and Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP on waste management) and to minimize negative impact on local environment. Besides, all equipment and construction must be repaired in the repairing center - Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form. As a petrochemical product, the main component of asphalt is bitumen, so it can be dangerous or adversely affect the environment and people health unless being stored and used properly in accordance with technical specifications. In particular, at high temperatures, the stored asphalt can pose the risk of fire, explosion or burns during transportation and use. The discarded asphalt must be collected and stored in specialized bins which contain hazardous wastes, after which will be transported and treated in accordance to hazardous waste management regulations by a specialized units hired by the project Owner. Estimated amount of asphalt disposal is about 10kg/month/site with roads and embankments of Long Ho river. - The volume of bags, tanks containing oil, asphalt, fuel and paint are not large (about 10 - 30kg/month for each site). However, unless being collected, it will cause a loss of beauty landscape and a potential risk of soil and water pollution. - Wastes from welding rods which are used form steel frames are generated at the construction site. It is estimated that the percentage of excessive part of welding rods is equal to 5-7% of the weight of welding rods, about 5.0 kg for a bridge. However, the weld rods are discontinuously and rarely used, the waste will be collected to the regulated hazardous waste site in compliance with regulations. - Hazardous waste generated, with a small volume, from office activities with about 1- 3kg/month for a construction site. Hazardous waste, if not collected, will cause impacts: - Penetration of oil and grease into the water will directly affects aquatic species in canals within the project area (Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo river, Long Ho river, Cai Sao Lon canal, etc.), that curb the growth, or even cause death of aquatic plants and animals. - The heavy metal elements will therefore penetrate into the food and badly affect people health. However, the volume of hazardous waste generated on each site is small, localized and only occurs during the construction phase. Hazardous waste will be collected, managed and disposed in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste collection and management. This impact is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through appropriate management and treatment measures. Page 130 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 3.4.1.4. Impact on physical cultural resources The construction of roads, bridges, ditches, embankments, wastewater treatment plants and resettlement areas during the construction phase will require excavation of soil at various depths: (i) piling of the embankment foot at the depth from 8-12m (embankment of Long Ho river); (ii) drilling piles or precast piles for building piers/abutments at the depth of about 20m (Bridges on roads connecting wards 8 and 9; urban main roads No. 1 and No. 2); (iii) excavation of organic soil layer for roadbed construction at the depth of 0.5 m (03 works of road and embankments of Long Ho river, resettlement area of ward 8). During construction phases of the works, chance finds can be taken place. However, the posibility of chance finds is LOW value because most of the constructions are built on the existing base or on agricultural land; furthermore, the drilling and excavation depth is not great; and the project area is reported not to have heritage, cultural and archeological values. However, in the case of chance finds, the detection process set forth in the ESCOPs will be applied. 3.4.1.5. Interruption of traffic activities ï?¶ Road Construction of 3 roads and bridges and culverts on roads, embankment of Long Ho river will affect the traffics in the project area. At intersections, people’s travel will be affected. Bridge on the connection road between ward8 and Ward 9, urban main roads No. 1 and No. 2 are new works, so it will not affect the travel of people going through the area. However, for each bridge or road, a temporary route will be provided for residents and successive construction measures will be taken to limit traffic congestion. Once completion of construction, the impact will be ended immediately. Additionally, local people strongly support construction of the road and bridge, the impact level is assessed to be LOW and mitigated through traffic management measures in the course of construction. ï?¶ Waterway Construction of bridge, culverts on the road cutting the existing canals, tidal sluicegate, dredging of canals within urban core area, embankment of Long Ho river will affect the waterway transport in the project area. For bridges and culverts: The construction activities will affect the waterway transport in the Project area within 15 months (construction period). The impact is rated as Significant because: (i) the interuption causes other boats to go father routes that consume time and fuel costs of local people; (ii) Although the waterway transport frequency is low, there are aboutu 5-10 trips through the project area per day; (iii) the construction activities will affect daily activities of local people. However, the impacts are mitigable by successive construction method and suitable arrangement that suitabe for each type of work. The dredging of canal and embankment of Long Ho river will affect waterway transport during 15-24 months. The activities will obstruct boats, narrow down the width of waterway. Despite high frequency of boats travelling in long Ho river, the impact is assessed to be Low: (i) Long Ho has a wide river bed; (ii) Successive construction methods are applied, so the impact is localized; (iii) Obstruction of waterway transport is taken place within couple of hours. The impacts are mitigated through construction methods suitable to each item. The Project Owner and Contractor will work with local waterwater management unit to supply neccesary information on alternative ways so that the impacts will be minimized. Page 131 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 41: Current status of waterway transport in some construction areas 3.4.1.6. Change in ecological landscape and land use purpose When the construction works are under construction, the earthwork, dredging on canals and transportation of materials will affect the environmental landscape; thereby, the environmental sanitation and land use purposes in each site will be changed (for example: agricultural land is not arable and insteaded by construction activities). At the same time, the construction activities will affect daily activities of local people surounding the site. The impacts are assessed to be “moderateâ€? because (i) the impacts are localized in a certain scope; (ii) only happe n during construction period (from 15-24 months); (iii) wastes are collected and transported daily by the Project Owner/Contractor; (iv) successive method is applied; (v) the environmental sanitation will be ensure by un-blocking the water flow. These impacts will be stopped when the project is put into operation. 3.4.1.7. Impacts on social aspects, on women and children ï?¶ Social impacts Social impacts are mainly generated from the labor influx for construction activities. There will be 7 construction sites and 50-100 worker/1 site. This impact affects people around the project area and local infrastructure. Social impacts include but not limited to: - (i) Conflicts between construction workers and local communities due to differences in habits, customs, culture, lifestyle, employment and income. This impact is likely to be higher in densely populated construction areas such as the embankment of Long Ho River, the road linking Ward 8 and Ward 9. - (ii) Conflicts between local residents and the Contractors when wastes generated from construction activities such as dust, solid wastes, hazardous wastes, wasted rock and soil cause adverse impacts on crops, rice and vegetables, or erosion and landslides that bury trees along the road linking Ward 8 and Ward 9; urban main road No. 1; urban main road No. 2; embankment of Long Ho river; construction of wastewater treatment plants; culverts 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9. - Wastewater from worker camps discharged into the environment may also lead to conflicts with the local community. Besides, the conflicts can arise from workers’ use of local Page 132 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project resources such as clean water, food and foodstuffs that cause price increase. - (iv) Labor influx can cause social disorders and pose social problems such as gambling, drug, prostitution. Additionally, uncollected and untreated wastewater, which cause adverse impacts such as bad smell, loss of beautiful land scape and poor health of local people, from worker camps in or near residential areas (Long Ho river embankment, resettlement area, wastewater treatment plant) can bring workers into conflict with local people. - (v) Use of local labor for simple jobs will pose the potentially risk of children involvement, affecting children’s psychology, health and development, causing conflicts with local residents. - (vi) Impacts on existing infrastructure and related services:  Transportation of construction materials and wastes (using 10-ton vehicles) be risky of destroying roads (NH1A, Dinh Tien Hoang, Pho Co Dieu, PR 902, Tran Phu roads).  Operation of cranes, excavators can break existing power lines along national highways in sections passing urban or residential areas (embankment of Long Ho river, urban roads 1 and 2, connection road between ward8 and ward 9)  The invested roads passing through paddies can interrupt irrigation activities. - (vii) Disturbance in traffics and increase in traffic safety risks: Construction vehicles and machines used in the project will increase the traffic density on the roads (NH1A, Pho Co Dieu, Dinh Tien Hoang roads), contributing to disturbance and increase the risk of traffic accidents and traffic jams. However, the social impact is assessed to be “LOWâ€? as: (i) the workers concentrated scatteredly in 7 different areas. The impacts are localized within the construction areas; (ii) Local labor will prioritized to used for construction activities. At the same time measures to control the age of hired workers must be taken; (iii) The impacts are mainly occurred in the early stages of construction phase and within a short period; (iv) drainage irrigation and ditches which are be newly built will be connected to the existing system before demolition; (v) the traffic density and frequency in the project area are low. Therefore, social impacts can be controlled by mitigation measures taken in the project construction phase. ï?¶ Impacts on women The concentration of 30-70 workers at a construction site with about 75% men and 25% women may cause social disturbance, affecting women directly work on the construction site or those living surrounding the project area and their families in the course of construction. For the previous similar works, unmarried women may be disadvantaged in getting married or they may become single mom. Meanwhile, married women can be affected with the happiness of their families. In addition, they may be infectious to communicable diseases, social diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, etc. (that may affect the next generation). This impact only takes place during construction of works items (15-24 months). However, the impact on women is assessed as MINOR because: (i) According to the socio-economic survey results, no negative impacts related to women were recorded. At the construction sites: (ii) The number of women workers is not large as local workers are prioritized by the Contractor; (iii) Information about social diseases and prevention methods will be provided to workers through training programs and information disclosure; (iv) Regulations, penalties for the violated workers at the site must be developed; (v) The contractor must be closely work with local authorities to manage the number of workers at the construction site. ï?¶ Use of child labor To reduce construction costs, child labors can be used for some jobs that do not require high Page 133 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project qualifications (according to Vietnam’s regulations, child is under 15 years old). Due to limited knowledge, children can suffer from labor abuse that affects their psychology, health and ability to learn. However, the impact is assessed to be MINOR as: (i) According to the socio-economic survey results, no case of child labor use was recorded; (ii) The Contractor committed not to hiring child labor for the project-related jobs; (iii) The project Owner will coordinate with local authorities and related units to strictly control the Contractor's labor use; (iv) Commitment not to use child labor is one of the required conditions in the bidding documents. 3.4.1.8. Risks during construction phase 1. Risk of fire, explosion and fuel leakage Fires and explosions can occur in situations such as: (i) fuel transportation and stores; (ii) temporary power supply systems or unsafe use of generators can cause electrical problems leading to fire; (iii) fire and explosion generated from welding and asphalt burning activities; (iv) gas leaks during cooking from worker camps; (v) the process of operating machines, welding and gasoline and diesel vehicles without complying with regulations on fire control. If a fire or explosion occurs, serious damages can be caused on: - Workers and local people’s life; - Impact on the natural environment (air, soil, biological resources, etc.); - Impact on the psychology, causing confusion with people and local communities; - Impacts on living condition economic and social aspects in the surrounding area; - Damages on the project’s works and adjacent infrastructure. Fire and exploitation can be occured any time during construction period (from 15 to 24 months upon each works item). The impacts are assessed to be HIGH because the fire and exploision of fuel can : (i) affect workers and surrounding local people; (ii) affect water quality and construction schedule; (iii) Damage materials; (iv) Affect natural environmental and physical environment. The risks can be preventive and limited through mitigation measures. So that, a specific plan for emergency response to fire and explosion incidents at the construction site must be developed by the Contractor and the project Owner. At the same time, the contractor will carry out the fire prevention and fighting measures and strictly follow regulations on prevention of leakage, fire and explosion. Fire prevention will be regularly performed by the Contractor to minimize the incidents and negative impacts. 2. Risk of working on water Risks of working on water surface may occur during the construction of bridges on roads intersecting with canals, constructions of tidal sluicegates, Long Ho river embankments and rehabilitation of drainage ditches. Workers will be prone to the risk. A worker is in danger of falling from a height of 2 to 10m (during construction or operation of machines and equipment) on hard surface or into water, causing injury or even death; or construction materials, machines and equipment can be felt from a height of 2 - 10m into the workers, causing injuries. This risks are originated from: (i) Carelessness of workers during construction; (ii) Failure of technical equipment, machines and scaffolding fall; (iii) unsafe equipment at the construction site; (iv) Lack of training on safety and knowledge abou t technology, workers are not able and knowledgeable to predict potential risks and ways to avoid accidents; (v) Workers do not wear any personal protective equipment, leading to increase in the probability of an unexpected accidents. This risk is assessed as SIGNIFICANT unless appropriate mitigation measures are taken. 3. Short-circuit and electric shock Electric shocks can occur as: (i) construction means can break existing power lines at the Page 134 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project construction site; (ii) temporary power supply system for machines and equipment during construction cause short-circuit, electric shock, etc.; (iii) the process of unsafe use of generators. If the incidents affect the health or life of workers and people in the project area, causing damage to property, affecting the psychology of people in the area, The project Owner and the Contractor are required to develop a specific plan for emergency response of short-circuit and electric shock at the site. The contractor will regularly inspect electrical and wiring systems, provide trainings for workers on occupational safety and fire prevention to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce negative impacts. 4. Safety and health risks ï?¶ Risks on community safety and health The demolition process may generate risks accident risks for local people as well as for the workers; Risks of traffic accidents, labor accident, fire, explosion, short circuit and electric shock posed by the construction activities will also affect the safety of the community; In the construction phase, the number of workers will be increase (there will be 50 - 100 workers at each site), the medical examination and health care of the community in the medical service unit will be more difficult in the case of an epidemics such as dengue, malaria, diarrhea, conjunctivitis. If not being well managed, solid wastes and stagnant domestic wastewater will pollute the environment. This creates conditions for development of flies and mosquitoes and possible outbreaks of diseases such as diarrhea, dengue fever, etc. affecting the health of the local community. Concentration of workers can also lead to the increase in social evils such as prostitution, gambling, HIV/AIDS and other local sexually transmitted diseases. The transporation of raw materials and wastes will contribute to increase traffic flow on existing roads, smoke, dust. Also, noise from construction activities will also pose health and safety risks to local people. The impact level is assessed to be from small to medium as: (i) the impacts are localized in each construction area; (ii) construction period is not too long from 15-24 months; (iii) the number of workers is from 50 to 100 workers each site; moreover local labor will be priorized by the Contractor; (iv) workers will be train on labor safety, traffic safety, sanitation. Therefore, this impacts can be minimized through ESCOPs. ï?¶ Risks to worker safety and health Construction activities such as earthworks, leveling, loading and unloading of construction materials, operation of equipment (excavators, cranes, trucks, welding machines and concrete mixers), overhead construction , construction on water have potential risks of labor accidents, traffic accidents or the risks to workers' health unless there are appropriate control measures. In addition, the storage and use of fuels such as electricity, gas and petrol will pose risks such as electric shock, fire, explosion, gas leakage, etc. that will directly affect the health and safety of workers. Labor accident may occur during any stage of a project’s construction. Accidents in the construction phase include: - Workers carrying out jobs on rivers (embankments, bridges across rivers, tidal sluicegatess) are prone to drowning due to carelessness or tiredness or failing to comply with regulations on labor safety during construction at the site; - Health condition: Especially workers working outdoors under extreme hot weather (in summer, the temperature can reach 380C - 400C) Page 135 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Operation of machines and equipment used for unloading of materials, equipment, for dredging, excavation and transportation of materials; - Landslides in deeply excavated areas, bridge abutments, embankments; - Injury due to insect bites, broken glass during the course of site clearance; - Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, storms, flash floods or too hot weather; - Demolition of existing bridges: accidents may occur if people and vehicles travel on the bridge the is under demolition; - Risk of infectious diseases, social diseases, sexually transmitted diseases In general, the risk on local people’s and workers is assessed to be “LOWâ€? as: (i) the impacts are localized within the construction site and scattered in the local areas; (ii) short construction period; (iii) workers are provided with protective equipment, reasonable construction time and training on traffic safety and labor safety activities on the construction site will be arranged; (iv) fuel is stored in the area near the camps and is regularly inspected to minimize the risk of fire and explosion; (v) Training on fire prevention and fighting; (vi) Communication on prevention of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases will be implemented. These impacts can be mitigated through appropriate measures such as training on labor safety, traffic safety before and during construction and providing adequate protective equipment for workers. 5. Risk of local flooding The earthwork, leveling activites obstruct the water drainage. At the same time, rain in the construction area may cause local flooding areas on the site. If the temporary drainage on the site is not arranged, local flooding will affect workers, surrounding people and the construction works. The prolonged local flooding will: (i) affect living conditions, production activities and travel of people and workers; (ii) lose beautiful landscape, cause poor environmental sanitation, and pose potential sources of communicable diseases; (iii) damage the works the are under construction. The construction areas of roads, resettlement area of ward 8, wastewater treatment plant are prone to local flooding. The risk mainly occurs during the rainy season (from September to December). The risk of local inundation is assessed to be MEDIUM because: (i) the drainage and wastewater system of Vinh Long City led in a common system which has not been completed; (ii) proposed canals to be rehabilitated have narrow bed; (iii) small urban drainage system, causing local flooding due to rapid water concentration. However, the risk can be minimized by mitigation measures 3.4.2. Specific impacts 1. Impacts on water quality The works of urban drainage system (renovating 22km of canals and ditches), embankment of Long Ho river; 09 tidal sluicegatess; and 04 bridges (intersecting roads with existing canals) require excavation, backfilling, and dredging of large volume of soil. Excavation and embankment to reinforce embankments, tidal sluicegatess, bridge abutments and piers as well as dredging ditches (Cau Lau canal, Cut canal, etc.) contribute to increasing suspended solid waste in the downstream. In addition, overflowing water can wash away pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste, etc.) into nearby water bodies such as Cau Lo and Long Ho rivers, Cai Cam canal, Cau Lau, Cut or Cai Sao Lon canal, causing water pollution. This will contribute to increase in suspended substances in the water source, affecting the aquatic flora and fauna in the project. However, no endemic animals and plants need to be protected. Besides, excavation, embankment and dredging activities will take place during the dry season when water flows in rivers and ditches are at lowest. The impacts, therefore, will only occur 15 - 24 months in the course of construction of bridges, culverts and embankment Page 136 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project and will be stopped when the works are put into operation. Therefore, the impact level is from low to moderate, temporary and can be minimized. Figure 42: Surface water at some construction sites 2. Impacts due to erosion, subsidence and damage on existing structures During construction, a number of construction activities such as piling the embankment foot; bridges, culverts and tidal sluicegatess; drilling piles for construction bridge piers/abutments; excavation of organic soils can easily cause subsidence or the risk of damages on surrounding structures. Areas with surrounding structures affected include Long Ho river embankment; tidal sluicegatess No. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9; Area of bridge construction which intersect existing roads and canals. The impact is assessed to be high in case of rains, otherwise the it is assessed to be MINOR because: (i) the construction activities usually take place in dry season; (ii) impacts are localized and short-term, the scope of impact is mainly within the construction area; (iii) pile driving and drilling activities are implemented in sparsely populated areas where the distance to surrounding structure is about 30-50m; (iv) the workers are built on stable ground. This risk can be mitigated by approprirate mitigation measures. Figure 43: Typical images of existing structures 3. The projectThe projectthe projectthe projectthe projectBad smell from dredged materials The dredging and rehabilitation of canals is carried out with a total length of 22km, the dredging depth ranges from 0.5 to 1.0m, an average of 0.8m. The total volume of dredged sludge is 42,000 m3 (the main component is organic mud). The dredged materials will be loaded into specialized vehicles and transported to Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao disposal sites, about 13km Page 137 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project from the project area. However, the dredging will break the current balance structure, evaporate of persistent organic compounds and some other volatile organic substances, causing an unpleasant odor. Odors generated by anaerobic decomposition include NH3, H2S, CH4, amines, organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc. The smell will directly affects construction workers and people living near the project area. In addition, the sludge contains pathogenic bacteria, viruses, along with helminths, other parasites that can affect the health of workers and local people. Figure 44: Current situation of dredging areas in canals ï?¶ Malodors from dredged materiasl According to the Cambridge Environmental Research Foundation’s study on smells based on cognitive intensity: - Realizing odor: 1 Ou/m3 - Light odor: 5 Ou/m3 - Distinctive, strong odor: 10 Ou/m3 Because of similarity in natural conditions between the dredging works and construction of similar projects in the Mekong Delta region, the odor dispersion from dredging sludge in ditches is at 5.42 - 8.42 Ou/m3. Impact by smell from dredging activities is predicted by Screen View model and is shown in Figure 45. Page 138 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Figure 45: Odor from the dredging process ï?¶ Emissions from dredged materials Dredged sludge may have a fishy odor from organic sediments, clay sediments or the odor of NH3 and CH4 gases due to anaerobic digestion under water. The Screen View model is used to predict the odor dispersion of dredged materials. The results are shown in Figure 46 and Figure 47. Figure 46: NH3 dispersion due to sludge dredging Figure 47: CH4 dispersion due to sludge dredging The results from Figure 45, Figure 46 and Figure 47 indicates: - Bad smell from the construction site is assessed to be LOW. - Emissions generated from dredged materials are not large that is lower than permissible Page 139 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project limits (200 µg/m3) in QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air. Therefore, the impact of odors and emissions generated by dredged materials is assessed to be MINOR because: (i) the distance from houses to construction areas is > 50m; (ii) successive construction methods are applied, thus the impacts are localized only at the dredging site; (iii) dredged sludge is transported immediately to Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao disposal sites; (iv) the volume of dredged sludge is not large; (v) the dredging period is short that only within the construction period (about 20-24 months). At the same time, odors and emissions from dredged materials can be minimized through the implementation of a dredged material management plan that is developed in accordance with construction measures and conditions in the city. 4. Leachate from dredged material during dredging process Total volume of sludge to be dredged is 42,000 m3, the sludge is transported by special vehicles from the construction site to Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao disposal site. However, the sludge is separated from water before transportation. It is estimated to make up 20% of the total amount of dredged sludge, equivalent to 8,400 m3 and 18 m3/day. This separated water is channeled back to the dredged canals. According to the results of sediment monitoring in the project area, there are no sign of heavy metal contamination. The sludge leachate contains high TSS content that affects aquatic specicies of receiving sources. The impact is assessed to be INSIGNIFICANT as: (i) the impacts are localized at the construction site; (ii) The leachate volume is not large and is channeled back to the canals with low speed and flow to minimize turbidity in the receiving source; (iii) Aquatic animals in ditches are mainly common species with little economic value; (iv) Dredging is not implemented in the period of agricultural production activities. This impact can be mitigated through the dredging material management plan developed in accordance with construction measures and conditions of the city. Figure 48: Images on sludge dredging in canals 5. Impact on agricultural production activities The project’s construction works will affect agricultural activities (rice and crops). The impacts include: - Although construction activities are carried out in a sequential manner, the work still affect agricultural activities at various stages of seeding, planting and harvesting. - Water overflow from the site, if not properly controlled, may pollute irrigation water and soil, affecting the crop yields. - Construction waste and household waste that are not frequently collected can lead to sedimentation of agricultural land. - Raw materials that are not collected and disposed indiscriminately will affect the access of Page 140 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project local people to the farming areas. - Waste and wastewater from living activities which are not controlled will directly affect farming households - Excavation and embankment, construction of tidal sluicegates can increase the turbidity of the water, affecting irrigation actitivies. - Construction of roads can divide agricultural production areas, local roads, affecting transportation and farming activities of local people. Impact on agricultural production activities will be taken place by construction of roads connecting Ward 8 and Ward 9, urban main roads No. 1 and 2, and the wastewater treatment plant with capacity of 15,000 m3 per day. However, the impact is assessed as INSIGNIFICANT because: (i) successive methods are applied, thus the impact is only localized within the construction ảea: (ii) The project Owner and Contractor must build temporary roads if the construction activities affect travel conditions; (iii) water supply and drainage for agricultural production areas must be planned by the project Owner and Contractor; (iv) Wastewater and waste must be collected daily by workers and local functional agecies; (v) Excavation and backfilling must be carried out in reasonable time and the time must be informed to local communities, and must not be implemented in the period of water supply for agricultural production activities; (vi) Impacts only occur during construction period and will end when the project is put into operation (15-24 months) Figure 49: Current status of agricultural production 6. Impacts on groundwater quality Piling or drilling at a distance of 8 - 20 m at the points of construction of the intersection with existing roads and canals, embankments of the Long Ho River and tidal sluicegatess may affect to the groundwater because - When passing through shallow water layers (12 ÷ 20 m), a part of the pile body with bentonite containing additives will be sunk in the water layer complex. Bentonite with potential toxic additives will penetrate this complex and penetrate into the water vessels containing contaminants from piles. - In the construction phase, contaminated surface water will overflow into the space between the void and borehole, then the groundwater will be contaminated. The impact is assessed as MINOR because the majority of bentonite is collected to reduce the impact on surface water and groundwater. In addition, piling activities are only carried out in the dry season when water level and the water demand are low, in short term (about 1-2 weeks) and within the area. 7. Interruption of business activities The implement of Long Ho river embankment will affect business households along 02 banks of Long Ho river. In addition to safety risks, noise and dust from construction activities and construction equipment may interrupt the business of households (15 - 20 months of construction). However, this impact is assessed as Medium as: (i) successive methods are Page 141 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project applied, thus the business activities are only locally affected (household scope); (ii) the impact is in short period of tome (about 2-3 months for each household); (iii) when the project is put into operation, it contributes to the development of the households’ business. This impact can be mitigated through the Resettlement Action Plan prepared for the project. Figure 50: Current status of business in the project area 8. Risk of soil erosion and landslides, embankments during embankment and construction of tidal sluicegates The total length of Long Ho river embankment system is 6.0km; In addition, the project area has 9 tidal sluice gates. Erosion and erosion can occur when the rainy season comes, and heavy floods with high tides will cause landslides along the river, affecting the construction site. Therefore, it is safest to work in the dry season due to very small rainfall. During the construction of embankments and tidal sluicegatess, if the reinforcement is poorly carred and the the construction period lasts to the rainy season, the soil become soft and subsided, posing dangerous for workers and affects the construction process. However, the impact is assessed minor as: (i) successive methods are applied; (ii) the construction activities are mainly carried out in the dry season; (iii) the scale of work items is not large; (iv) Can be mitigated through construction methods that are suitable to each work. 3.4.3. Impact on sensitive receptors The construction of the project’s works may impact on some sensitive receptors located near the construction areas, including the inconvenience of local people’s travel; Emissions and dust can become a nuisance for local people and cultural activities; Risks of traffic safety and accidents related to works. The survey results show that the project’s construction activities can affect not only workers and the surrounding community, but also some sensitive receptors on the road due to transportation of construction material. The impact level is assessed to be medium, temporary and mitigable. Receptors within the radius of 200 - 500 m around the project area are described as follows: Table 44: Impact on sensitive structures Sensitive receptors Descriptions Impacts 1. Construction of urban drainage system: no sensitive receptors 2. Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system: there is 01 sensitive receptors Thanh Duc market Located on the Dust and emissions. transportation road to the Noise and vibration. area of the wastewater Solid waste. treatment plant Traffic jams, traffic Densely populated area. accidents. Do not require land Obstruct the access acquisition. and trading activities of The market has an area local people to Thanh of 3,000 m2, with about 50 Page 142 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions Impacts business households. Duc market. Trading time is from 6h Community conflict. to 19h daily. Impacts on trading and goods exchange of local people. Thanh Duc C Primary Located on the Dust and emissions. School transportation road to the Noise and vibration. construction area of the Solid waste. wastewater treatment plant Traffic jams, traffic accidents. Densely populated area Impede the access of Do not require land parents and school staff. acquisition Community conflict. The area of campus is about 2,000 m2, the total Impact on number of classes is 20. extracurricular activities. The school has about 40 teachers, with over 600 students School time: Monday - Friday, start from 6:30 am - 7:30 pm and end from, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm 3. Flood control in urban core areas: There are 06 sensitive strcutures Cua market Located on Long Ho Dust and emissions. embankment route where Noise and vibration. trading activities of local Solid waste. people are taken place. Traffic jams, traffic Crowded residents accidents. surrounding Cua market. Obstruct the access Embankment of Long and trading activities of Ho river will affect part of local people to Thanh Cua market area (<10%), Duc market. affect trading activities of local people. Community conflict. Cua market has an area Impacts on trading and of about 2,100 m2. goods exchange of local Trading time is from 17h people. to 19h daily. Tran Phu Secondary School Located near Long Ho Dust and emissions. river embankment area, Noise and vibration. where is crowded - Traffic jams, traffic accidents. residential area, about 40- 50m from Long Ho Obstruct parents’s embankment area approach to the teacher Do not require land Community conflict. acquisition. Impact on The area of the campus extracurricular activities is about 1,700 m2, with Page 143 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions Impacts over 500 students School time: Monday - Friday, start from 6:30 am - 7:30 pm and end from, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm Van Thanh Temple of Vinh Located near Long Ho Dust and emissions. Long river embankment area, Noise, vibration. where is crowded Spillage of solid waste residential area , about 40- affects the spiritual and 50m from Long Ho social activities of the embankment area. locals when they leave Do not require land home. acquisition. Obstruct people’s Worship and approach to the Van ceremonies mostly take Thanh Temple place on the first day or Risk of community full moon day, on holidays conflict. and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Van Thanh Temple area every year Tran Quoc Toan Primary Located near the area of Dust and emissions. School embankment of Long Ho Noise and vibration. river, a densely populated - Traffic jams, traffic accidents. place, about 70-80m from Long Ho embankment Obstruct parent’s area approach to the teacher Do not require land Community conflict. acquisition. Impact on The area of the campus extracurricular activities is about 1,500 m2, with over 400 students Students' study time takes place from Monday - Friday, , starting time and ending time is between 6:30 am - 7:30 pm, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm Phap Hai Pagoda Located near Long Ho Dust and emissions. river embankment area, Noise, vibration. where densely populated, Spillage of solid waste about 40-50m from Long affects the spiritual and Ho embankment area. social activities of the Do not require land locals when they leave acquisition home. Worship and Obstruct people’s ceremonies mostly take approach to the Phap Hai place on the first day or Pagoda full moon day, on holidays Page 144 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions Impacts and there is only 1 holy Risk of community worshiping day in Phap conflict. Hai Pagoda area every year. Giac Thien Pagoda Located near Long Ho Dust and emissions. river embankment area, Noise, vibration. where densely populated, Spillage of solid waste about 50-60m from Long affects the spiritual and Ho embankment area. social activities of the Do not require land locals when they leave acquisition home. Worship and Obstruct people’s ceremonies mostly take approach to the Giap place on the first day or Thien Pagoda full moon day, on holidays Risk of community and there is only 1 holy conflict. worshiping day in Giap Thien Pagoda area every year. University of Economics Located near tidal sewer Dust and emissions. Ho Chi Minh City – Vinh area No. 4, about 30-50m Noise and vibration. Long Branch from the construction area - Traffic jams, traffic accidents. Do not require land Obstruct student’s acquisition approach to the teacher The area of the campus Community conflict. is about 40,000 m2, with over 1500 students Impact on extracurricular activities Students' study time takes place from Monday - Friday, starting time and ending time is between 6:30 am - 7:30 pm, 11:00 pm - 12:00 pm, 13:00 pm – 14:00 pm and 4:30 pm - 17:30 pm. In addition, there are still research activities of teachers outside of teaching hours. 4. New construction of connection road between Ward 8 to Ward 9: No sensitive structures 5. Construction of main road No. 1: No sensitive structures 6. Construction of main road No. 2: No sensitive structures 7. Construction of infrastructure for the Resettlement Area in Ward 8: There is 01 sensitive receptors Pho Minh Pagoda Located near the Dust and emissions resettlement area of Ward Noise, vibration. 8, about 100m from the Spillage of solid waste construction site. affects the spiritual and The project does not social activities of the occupy land of this project locals when they leave There are not many home. Page 145 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sensitive receptors Descriptions Impacts people around Obstruct people’s Worship and approach to the Pho ceremonies mostly take Minh Pagoda place on the first day or Risk of community full moon day, on holidays conflict. and there is only 1 holy worshiping day in Pho Minh Pagoda area every year In general, the impact of project construction on sensitive works is assessed as MINOR as: (i) short construction period (about 1-2 months); (ii) The impacts are localized and may descend with distance. These impacts can be minimized. 3.5. IMPACT AND RISK IN OPERATION PHASE 1. Dust and exhausted gases When the roads, culverts, resettlement areas are put into use, the traffic flow rate will sharply increase. On the other hand, thanks to rehabilitation and improvement of canals, traffic flow in the canals is also increased Thus, dust and gas emissions from the traffics on roads and waterway will affect the ambient air in the residential areas surrounding the project site. The impact will last throughout the operation phase. However, it is assed to be “mediumâ€? and mitigated through: (i) the air quality in the area is quite good and has no sign of pollution; (ii) Trees along the road or in residential areas; (iii) Raise people’s awareness on limiting use of fossil fuels (petrol, oil, etc.); (iv) the management and operation unit periodically waters and cleans roads; (v) Place traffic signs suitable to terrains and characteristics of each area. 2. Domestic wastewater and wastes When the resettlement site in ward is put into operation, there will be more than 550 households with about 2000 thousand people live in, this is the main source of domestic wastewater and wastes. In addition, the domestic effluent and wastes are generated from workers operating the WWTP. - Domestic wastewater:  It is estimated that domestic wastewater from resettlement sites is about 140 m3/day to 200 m3/day. As regulated, the effluent will be collected in the common drainage system of Vinh Long city; Then, it will be led to the concentrated WWTP with capacity of 15,000 m3/day.  The domestic wastewater in the WWTP is estimated at 1.0 to 2.0 m3/day. The effluent volume will be collected and treated in the WWTP before be discharged into the receiving sources. - Domestic wastes:  The volume of wastes in the resettlement areas ranages from 600 to 1000 kg/day.  The volume of wastes in the WWTP is estimated at 6-10kg/day.  Solid wastes will be collected and treated daily by Vinh Long URENCO. Therefore impacts of domestic wastewater and wases in the operation phase of resettlement area is regarded as LOW because: the volume of domestic effluent and wastes is small, localized in ward 8; (ii) wastes are daily collected by functional unit in the ward. Page 146 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 3. Wasted sludge from periodic dredging of drainage system ï?¶ Dredged sludge from drainage system In the course of operation of wastewater collection and treatment, sludge from wastewater collection system in Vinh Long will be dredged biannually to annually. This will help improve drainage capacity and prevent flooding in rainy season. Sludge from drainage system, if not being collected and treated, will affect the environment and people’s health. However, the impact is assessed to be “Lowâ€? and controllable by collection periodicaly or prior to rainy season. The sludge will be collected and transported by specialized vehicles to Hoa Phu and Phuong Thao landfill and will be treated by a functional unit in accordance with existing regulations on waste management (Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT and Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP) ï?¶ Odor from drainage system Ordors from the stormwater and wastewater drainage system, pumping stations will affect adversely the air, mainly in the area of wastewater pumping stations and manholes. However, the volume of emitted odors is insignificant thanks to suitable technical design such as construction of submerged pumping stations and replacement of old manholes by odor- controlled manholes on urban roads. This will limit bad smells and exhausted gases generated by the decomposition of organic substances in wastewater The impact is rated at low level. 4. Change in ecological landscape and land use purpose When the works come into use, the ecological landscape and envionmental sanitation of Vinh Long city will be improved, because (i) the flow is expanded, reducing the risk of flooding in case of heavy rain or flooding in the area; (ii) domestic water of households will not directly released into the river but collected to the drainage pipeline; (iii) the canals will be dredged to minimize malodor and maximize environmental sanitation. The impact is positive and rated at HIGH level thanks to contribution to positive change of environmental conditions and stable living standard for local people. Area of agricultural land along the connection road between Ward 8 and 9, urban main road 1 and 2 tends to change to urban residential area. This leads to reduction of agricultural land, influencing flood production yeild in the project area. However, the change of land use purpose will help increase the value of existing and neighboring land plots. The impact is HIGHLY appriciated that contributes to improve soicio-economic aspects in the area and promote trading and service development. However, there may be social impacts due to change of land use purpose and/or induced development (increase in solid waste, illegal use of ROW); This is considered to be a long-term issue. In the first beggining years, the impacts are assessed to be LOW, but it requiring combination with raising people’s awareness on socio-economic development and social development related issues which can mitigate potentially negative impacts on local people. 5. Risks, incidents in operation phase Road safety is the main impacts in the course of operating connection road between Ward 8 and 9, urban main road 1 and 2 and the road behind the embankment of Long Ho river. In the first years, when rudimentary vehicles (bicycles, carge carriers) are used mixing with motor vehicle (car, motorbike, truck) and the number of traffic accidents may increase. It can be noted that the impact will be mitigated through raising people’s awareness of regulations and practices on road use as well as monitoring and restriction of speed and behaviors of drivers. In the long- run, with high rate of traffic flow, dust, exhausted gases, noise and vibration should be paid Page 147 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project attention but can be mitigated by long-term planning. ï?¶ Risk of falling into rivers, stream and drowning The risk can be posed when going up or down the road below the embankment or at the drainage culvert along the embankment, travel through bridge, sluice gates. Then vehicles can be dropped into Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo river, Long Ho river and Cai Sao Lon river. Although in some sections, power coating steel handrail is installed with a height of 80-90cm. However, children and the elderly are in danger of falling into and drowning in rivers, canals due to slippery. This affects health or even causes life of traffic participants. Therefore, specific technical methods should be studied and added in the following stage and public consultation should be held. Thus, the design must take consideration into the aspect to prevent threats to local community in the course of operation. ï?¶ Erosion and subsidence During operation, there may be incidents: (i) erosion of embanked banks, cracks of Long Ho river embankment; erosion in the abutment and tidal sluice gate; (iii) erosion and subsidence of transport roads, resettlement sites. This incidents will damage the embankment, bridge, road, infrastructure, cause dealth and affect assets of surrounding people and traffic participants. The risks are generated from (i) natural disaster, flooding and long-lasting heavy rain; (ii) construction activities that fail to meeting requirements on quality, technical and materials; (iii) overloaded transportation trucks on roads, bridges, embankments and tidal sluice gate; (iv) irregular operation and maintenance. Thus, the design must take consideration into the aspect to prevent threats to local community in the course of operation 3.5.1. Specific Impacts 1. Change in flow rate and drainage regime in canals Rehabilitation of drainage system in the city’s core area with total area of 22km; the canal bed will be dredged to facilitate the flow and drainage for the city. At the same time, along 02 banks will be reinforced by soft embankment. Therefore, the flow direction of the drainage system will be changed (change in hydrology and hydraulics). Realignment and expansion of the route will create favorable for the flow, ensure good drainage in rainy season and the stability of the work. However, it has a potential of erosion, affecting production and domestic activities of people living along the canal. However, the impact is regarded as LOW because the terrain of 02 banks has not much change. This will limit erosion, invasion into people’s land area, step by step ensure living stability of local people. 2. Impacts from operation of WWTP ï?¶ Impact on the water quality of receiving waters The collection and treatment of wastewater in urban core area will help reduce a large amount of pollutants discharged into canals in the city (main canal: Cai Cam canal, Cau Lo iver and Long Ho river). With a capacity of 15,000 m3/day and the treated effluent watermeeting the Column B (e.g., effluent water meeting the inputs for domestic water supply) of the national standard on industrial waste water (QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT) before being discharged in to Cai Sao Lon canal and Co Chien river, the specific amounts of pollutants reduced would be as follows: BOD5: 2.1 tons/day, TSS: 2.1 tons/day, NH4+-N: 0.3 tons/day, PO43—P: 0.04 tons/day. This will help improve the quality of water in inner regional canals in general and in the city in particular. After treated, wastewater will be discharged into Cai Sao Lon canal, then released into Co Chien river. In the downstream area, there is no water supply activity. Domestic wastewater of local people in the area is discharged into canals or penetrated in the Page 148 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project ground or be retained at localized places in residential areas and decompose by itself, causing environmental pollution in these residential areas, or discharge itself into ponds, lakes and the river. The existing discharge into the Cai Sao Lon is of a small scale, distributing along the entire river section flowing through the city. It can be seen that when 15,000m3 of treated water/day is discharged into Cai Sao Lon canal, there will be a slight increase in the values of water indicators such as ammonia, PO43-. However, this increased value is only about 0.08mg/l even at lowest river levels, and the water quality is still within permitted limits QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT (Column B1 – water using purpose for agricultural irrigation and waterway). Other indicators such as BOD5 and SS would tend to decrease, improving river water quality Heavy rains pose a risk that may affect the water quality. As the wastewater collection system is a combined one, heavy rains may cause wastewater to overflow out into the environment or may result in larger amounts of wastewater that exceed the treatment capacityof the WWTP. This would likely lead to input overload of WWTP and damages to the equipment. However, this issue has been studied in designing the collection system. Stormwater and wastewater will be collected into M1 ditch, where a constructed CSO will separate and take the stormwater to the balancing lake, and the remaining wastewater will be transmitted to the WWTP. The collection pipelines would be designed to ensure that the treatment capacityof the WWTP would not be exceeded, and the said impact can be eliminated. ï?¶ Offensive Odors Odors from the wastewater treatment process are generated mainly from the treatment units where anaerobic decomposition takes place. Aerobic decomposition also generates offensiveodors but at lower levels. The main gases generated from anaerobic decomposition consist of H2S, mercaptans, CO2, CH4, etc. which are the main factors giving rise to mal odors. Table 45: Odorous compounds generated by anaerobic decomposition of wastewater Compounds Formula Typical odor Detection threshold (ppm) Amyl mercaptan CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-SH Unpleasant,stinking smell 0.0003 Ethyl mercaptan CH3CH2-SH Smell of decaying 0.00019 cabbage Hydrogen sulfide H2S Smell of rotten eggs 0.00047 Methyl mercaptan CH3SH Smell of decaying 0.0011 cabbage Propyl mercaptan CH3-CH2-CH2-SH Unpleasant smell 0.000075 Sulfur dioxide SO2 Pungent smell 0,009 Tert-butyl mercaptan (CH3)3C-SH Unpleasant skunk smell 0.00008 Source: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis, Syros Island, Greece – Sep. 2001. Odor emission in a small wastewater treatment plant . The WWTP would generate biological aerosols that can be dispersed into the atmosphere. Aerosolsoften contain many kinds of E. coli, entericbacteria, and fungi which are pathogens or induce allergies through the respiratory system. Therefore, the generation and dispersion of biological aerosols can affect the air quality in the environment within the premises of the Page 149 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project WWTP Table 46: Content of bacteria dispersed from WWTP Unit: bacteria/m3 of air Position Distance 0m 50 m 100 m > 500 m End of wind direction 100-650 50-200 5-10 - Beginning of wind direction 100-650 10-20 - - th Source: 7 International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis, Syros Island, Greece – Sep. 2001. Bio aerosol formation near wastewater treatment facilities i The components of the WWTP are located fairly distantly from Thanh Duc C primary school (about 100m). There are some households at the distance of 100-150m from the plant. In normal operation conditions with a closed treatment technology and a separated buffer zone 30m away in accordance with QCVN 07:2010/BXD standards, offensive odors are not likely to exist The predominant winds in the WWTP area are the East and South-western wind. Down these directions, the population is quite sparse within a radius of 100m. With thesewind directions, mal odors would have less impact on surrounding residential area. The dispersion of bacteria in aerosols within a distance of 50m could also give rise to the risk of contracting diseases to the community. However, the control of offensive odors and aerosols generated from the WWTP can be effectively performed with odor collection and treatment devices. Experiences from the CCESP in the Southern WWTP have shown that badodors were not perceived in the air within the plant premises and beyond the fence. In case of malfunctioning of the odor treatment system of the WWTP, bad odors and bacteria may be dispersed by the wind within a radius of 100m, adversely affecting residents’ and pupils’ health. Offensive odors are also much likely to badly affect the operators’ health The impact level is assessed to be low to medium. ï?¶ Sludge from wastewater treatment plant Raw wastes, separated from the large-sized coarse and fine screeners, are automatically rakedinto a container and carried off to be treated as normal solid wastes at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao landfill. Sludge generated from the WWTP will be about 2.3 tons/day (for the WWTP’s capacity of 15,000m3/day). This volume of sludge would need to be treated with proper measures so as to avoid adverse impacts on the environment. As domestic wastewater normally does not contain hazardous substances, the treatment technology is biotechnology without the use of chemicals. The sludge can therefore be regarded as normal waste and can be used as fertilizer. However, during the operation of the WWTP, it will be necessary to carry out periodic sampling for analysis to ensure this waste is without hazardous substances. In some similar WWTPs, the plant is currently doing research studies to produce fertilizer from these amounts of sludge, but the studies are still in the concept stage. Sanitary means of sludge disposal such as landfill will reduce adverse impacts associated withthe sludge. Therefore, the sludge is still proposed for disposal at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao landfill. The volume of sludge generated from the WWTP will be transported once every month to at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao landfill. Sludge transporting trucks must be carefully covered and thoroughly cleaned; otherwise dropping sludge may harm environmental sanitation along the route. Another problem to be addressed is that the sludge treatment site is quite moist and provides an Page 150 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project ideal place for flies and mosquitoes to swarm, reproduce and become a pathogenic source. Spraying to kill flies and mosquitoes is to be carried out in these areas. The health impact level is assessed to be moderate. 3. Flooding and inundation risks Wastewater, after being treated, is discharged into the existing Cai Sao Lon canal. The wastewater leading ditch has a width of 4.0m. Assessment on capacity of receiving treated water: - Bottom elevation of box culvert for treated wastewater discharge: + 2.50m. Thus, in the most adverse case, treated wastewater can still be discharged into receiving waters. - Flow rate of treated wastewater: Q=15,000m3/day = 625m3/h = 0.174 m3/s (equivalent to D800mm culverts) Therefore, with the dimension of the existing ditch of Bmin~4m, Q=0.174m/s will raise the water level in the ditch by about 10cm, and the existing ditch can fully receive the treated water from the WWTP. In addition, the operation of the stormwater pumping station of the Projectwill yield a flow rate of 40m3/s to force water pumping into the river. When the water level of Cai Sao Lon river is higher the elevation of the discharging culvert, drainage can be fulfilled with pumping. Therefore, flooding will not be likely to happen. The elevation the WWTP area will be raised to ensure flood prevention The impact level is assessed to be low . 4. Risks of inundation when roads are formed When roads come into operation, natural drainage direction in the area may be destructed, the upgraded roads can form a dyke that prevents water from drainage in case of heavy rain or in rainy season. This poses a risk of local flooding in some works, affecting (i) travelling and domestic activities of local people; (ii) long-lasting inundation may cause environmental pollution and potential diseases that influence local people’s health; (iii) affect agricultural production activities, cause damages to people’s assets. In order to mitigate flooding impacts in the operation phase of roads, the drainage culverts across and along roads have been arranged: - In the design, elevation of roads is considered to ensure the existing natural draiange system. - Bridges over the intersection with water bodies are arranged. - Construction of culverts across roads that fits to rainy intensity and run-off flow rate in the area. - Regularly check the flooding risks so as to make additional design of drainage culverts crossing roads (if required). - Consultation with local people in the flooding prone area to propose prompt measures. However, specific technical methods should be studied and added in the following phases and consulted with local communities. The design must prevent threats to local people in operation phase. 5. Incidents of WWTP operation ï?¶ Waste discharge incidents due to possible emergencies and WWTP failure Incidents likely to occur during the operation of the WWTP of the Project include: - Fire and explosionof which the causes may be due to short-circuiting, fire and explosion Page 151 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project of chemicals used in wastewater treatment; - Power outage disrupting the operation of the WWTP; - Malfunctioning of one of the works of the treatment system forcing stoppage of the operation, affecting the entire wastewater collection system of the city, in which case wastewater may overflow the wastewater pumping stations and overwhelm the pavements, causing localized flooding, thus damaging and causing environmental pollution; - Other incidents which may force the WWTP to stop operating in such an emergency, untreated wastewater has to temporarily be discharged into the canal receiving wastewater beside the plant and into Cai Sao Lon canal. As a result, the receiving waters would be exposed to high risks of contamination from this source of wastewater. Table 47: Forecast of Concentrations and load of pollutants in untreated wastewater Parameters Concentration (mg/l) Load of 7,500m3 (kg/day) Load of 15,000 m3 (kg/day) BOD5 150 1,125 2,250 COD 270 2,025 4,050 TSS 160 1,200 2,400 NH4 - N 30 225 450 Total N 23 172.5 345 Total P 7 52.5 105 Based on the analysis of environmental situation in Cai Sao Lon canal (Chapter 2), the surface water quality is relatively good and has not sign of pollution. At the same time, the self-cleaning capacity of the canal is good. Therefore, in the case of failure with untreated wastewater load of 7,500 m3/day (due to failure of a modulus) and 15,000 m3/day (failure of both moduluses) discharged totally into Cai Sao Lon canal, at the most adverse case, the canal is capable of receiving more wastewater, but the receiving time for parameters in the pollutants is not more than 02 days. ï?¶ Chemical leakage During the WWTP operation, chlorine will be used in disinfection. Therefore, there might be risks of chlorine leakage if there are problems with the operator or management is poor. Chlorine leaked into the environment would endanger anyone getting into contact with it. At low concentrations, chlorine can bring about cause breathing difficulties, cough, nausea, skin burns or eye burns. A high concentration of 250ppm and an exposure of 30 minutes can really kill. Therefore, during the operation process, it is imperative to have measures of prevention against such risks. The impact level is assessed to be medium. The impact is rated at morderate level. ï?¶ Broken and blocked pipelines Without being dredged periodically, sludge accumulating in the wastewater collection sewers can block sewers, reducing wastewater transmission capacity. Any sewer segment, if blocked, will be likely to force accumulated wastewater overflow onto other areas, causing environmental pollution. Heavy rains in the area would wash solid waste on the roads down into the drainage sewers, tertiary pipelines, and wastewater collecting sewers via manholes, reducing drainage capacity of the system. Page 152 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Tertiary sewers may be threatened by risks of cracking, in which case incidents are more probable to take place, giving rise to badodor from the anaerobic decomposition of pollutants in wastewater.Its smell would then be dispersed, affecting the residents. The incident of breaking joints, water and wastewater pipelines may pollute to the groundwater (for the wastewater pipeline) and causes the subsidence, affecting to infrastructures such as roads, people’s housing. Therefore, there must be plans on periodic checking and repairs. The impact level is regarded as low. ï?¶ Fire and explosion Fire andexplosion incidents could occur due to short-circuiting, lightning strikes… in the areas of the WWTP and the stormwater and wastewater pumping stations, possiblycausing damages to people and properties. Therefore, fire and explosion prevention measures will be specially taken. ï?¶ Incidents at pumping stations During operation, problems related to pumping stations may arise such as malfunctioning or power cutoff disrupting the operation of the stations. In such instances, wastewater will accumulate and possibly overflow to outer environment, causing pollution. Or, with heavy rains, stormwater may be confined and cause flooding and inundation in the city. The impact level is assessed to be medium. 3.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACT This section discusses the cumulative impact of the project. In this regard, the cumulative impact under consideration is defined as two or more individual affects that, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts. The cumulative impact from several projects result from the incremental impacts of the proposed project when added to other closely related, and reasonably foreseeable, future projects. The impacts that do not result in part from the project will not be discussed. In this ESIA, it is considered whether the project construction and operation may contribute to cumulative impacts on the Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs) on which other existing or future developments within or nearby the project area may also have detrimental effects. In the development progress, Vinh Long city and other cities encounter into rapid urbanization that, on the reverse side, cause traffic congestion, asynchrous infrastructure and poor management mechanism, overloaded public services, environmental pollution and complicated administrative procedures which curb the socio-economic development. Besides, the rapic development pace and the immigration of workers is posing loss of control and management of the authorities. Additionally, the urban management and development is left far behind the requirements. For solving this issue, Vinh Long city in particular and Vinh Long province in general have taken following actions: (a) preparation of socio-economic development plan of Vinh Long city in 2021-2025. (b) adjustment of the master plan of Vinh Long city by 2035, on vision to 2050. This will call for investment of investors, especially foreign groups in Vinh Long city; (c) Preparation of irrigation plan for flood control in Vinh Long city (according to the Decision No.2868/QD dated 05/ 12/2013 of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on irrigation plan on flood control in Vinh Long city; (d) coordination with Asian Development Bank to carry out studies and propose the project on supporting Central and Local authorities in implementation of urban environmental improvement. Investment in infrastructure projects which will be implemented on the basis of the city’s urban space development planning. The main roads in the city were completed, infrastructure has Page 153 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project been improved and people’s living conditions are step-by-step enhanced. The infrastructure development projects have been implemented in Vinh Long city: - Co Chien river embankment with a length of 9,000m; Vo Van Kiet road (ward 2 and ward 9); embankment of Ward 5; Vong bridge and NH1A bypass, NH1A have been under operation phase, contributing to socio-economic promotion, urban development and urbanization. - Upgrade and scale-up of Mau Than road (ward 3) funded by the State. Completion time: expectedly 2017-2018; - Vo Van Kiet road, section from My Thuan new urban area to the administrative area of the province. State budget. Completion time: expectedly in 2020. - Road to Phuoc Tho residential area and the expanded area of Mien Tay Construction University (Block B). State budget. Completion time: expectedly in 2018. - Tan Phu road. State budget. Completion time: expectedly in 2018. Particularly in 2018, Vinh Long PPC received a loan of WB for implementation of the Vietnam Scaling-up Upgrading Project – Vinh Long Project (SUUP-Vinh Long). According to the plan, investment works in phase I of SUUP Vinh Long will be carried out in the Quarters IV in 2019. However, the Project brings about good effects. Accordingly, local people’s awareness on environmental protection has been raised and qualification of officials in Departments is clearly improved, especially in access to the fields related to climate change and green growth. Besides, the SUUP is prepared and developed based on valuale lessons from similar projects in the province, including: Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project (VUUP), Mekong Delta Region Urban Upgrading Project (MDR-UUP). This will help facilitate the project implementation, avoid mistakes and ensure the best performance. The SUUP’s works are very necessary and focus on disadvantages of the city and create a good flatform for following works invested by the Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project. The project description reveals that within the geographical scope of proposed project area, with small to medium scales that are being planned to be constructed in 2021. All the planned projects are under management of Vinh Long Province. Under the cumulative impact definition, the proposed project may contribute to cumulative impact on VECs on which these projects are being constructed or planned to be constructed in next year. According to the results of reviewing the relevant documents and the project affected communities and stakeholder consultation combined with field studies, it is identified that the proposed project together with the projects that is being constructed or planned to be constructed in next year may not contribute to a cumulative impact on the water quality and its aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity in the project area. However, air pollution may be incremental in the project area and more traffic congestion and accident along local roadways may occur due to the current or planned construction of the other projects. Specific analysis of these cumulative impacts on these VECs is as follows: ï?¶ Construction phase Air quality: Air pollution in the project area will be expected to be cumulative due to the number of projects within the proposed project area have been and will be built in the coming years. Regardless of their specific location in the project area, dust and emissions generated from excavation activities, machine operation and transportation vehicles from other projects will contribute to increased content of dust and toxic gases in the area unless the measures to control dust and gas emissions are taken. However, the survey shows that air quality in the project area is relatively good and parameters Page 154 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project that should be noted is much lower than allowable limit. The impact is considered to be low and mitigable by mitigation measures in ESMP so that dust and emissions from the project’s construction will be controlled. Traffic congestion and accidents: Traffic congestion and the risks of traffic accidents, especially on NH53 (Pho Co Dieu), Dinh Tien Hoang, Tran Phu and NH1A. There are roads which will mainly be used to transport materials to the construction sites and waste from sites to landfills. The increase in vehicles for the bproject will pose a greater risk of traffic congestion and accidents. In addition, within the project area, a number of other projects under the management of the PMU are under construction or planned for construction in the following years. The cumulative impact on traffic congestion and accidents is not only in NH53 (Pho Co Dieu,) Dinh Tien Hoang, Tran Phu, NH1A but also on other internal roads. The impact is considered moderate and can be managed by the PMU through traffic management plan proposed in the ESMP so as to address traffic congestion and traffic accidents on NH53 (Pho Co Dieu), Dinh Tien Hoang, Tran Phu, National Road 1A and internal roads proposed for the project implementation. ï?¶ Operation phase Water quality and aquatic ecosystems: The quality of water in canals of the Project is improved as well as in Long Ho river is considered to be accumulatively affected through construction and operation phases. This is because the proposed Project cause no subtaintial impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems throughout construction and operation phase. The effluent rand wastewater from daily activities of Vinh Long city will be well managed through ECOP applied in the construction phase; and in the operation stage, wastewater will be collected and treated by the WWTP of the city with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day. Certainly, wastewater will not be discharged in canals in the urban core area in both construction and operation phase. Biodiversity : Leveling of roads, resettlement in ward8 and temporary wastewater treatment plant will affect agricultural ecosystem in the Project area. However, the impact is localized and the agricultural ecosystem is quite poor, and green trees will be planted surrounding the WWPT, in residential area and along road sides. In addition, improvement of canals in the area will contribute to improving living environmental for aquatic specices, reducing environmental pollution of canals in the area. Thereofre, the impact is regarded as “lowâ€? and mitigable. 3.7. INDUCED IMPACTS The induced impacts can be, due to induced actions of the project and activities that may occur if the action under assessment is implemented such as growth inducing impacts and other effects related to induced changes to the pattern of future land use or additional road network, population density or growth rate. ï?¶ Embankment of Long Ho river After completion, the road along the Long Ho river embankment will be the attraction site for tourism and entertainment of local community. This is considered to be a social-related benefit brought about by the project. However, the operation of the embankment will be create space for stores selling foods, beverage and other services. A certain of wastes and wastewater will be released, not only leading environmental pollution but also contaminating water in Long Ho river. Besides, landscape along the embankment will be affected unless sound mitigation measures to preventing the businesses along the embankment and management of wastes from entertainment activities are taken. To minimize adverse impacts, the PMU will coordinate with local authorities to set plan on sustainable socio-economic development around the Long Ho river embankment area. The impact is assessed to be Medium. Page 155 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project ï?¶ Urban main roads Construction of the connection road between ward 8 and 0, urban main road 1 and 2 will attract immigrated people living along the road. The land value, therefore, will be increased. This is a factor for socio-economic development. However, the residential area of immigrated people and production facilities along the road will be formed. This will cause the community disturbance or unreal land values, leading to community conflicts and affecting daily activities of local people. In addition, there is part of residents living along the road. This will induce issues related to increased wastes and wastewater, affecting environmental and causing unsanitary environment and health problems if the wastes are not collected. People living along the road can encounter the potential of traffic accidents due to formation of residential area along the roads; meanwhile the traffic signs have not been completed. Thus, people will be threatened by traffic accidents when going across the road. In order to reduce negative impacts, the PMU will work with local authorities to manage the mechanical migration living along the road. At the same time, formation of residential areas will be managed by specific planning of Vinh Long’s functional agencies. The impact is assessed to be Medium. Page 156 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The investment in urban upgrading and development in Vinh Long is completely compliance with the strategies and orientations of the Government, industries and the Region as at the Resolution No. 142/2016/QH13; Resolution No. 07-NQ/TW; National urban Program in the period 2012-2020; the scheme “Vietnam Urban Resilient Developmentâ€? in 2013-2020 and the National Action Plan on Green Growth. Besides, this project will contribute to fulfilling the socio-economic development criteria of Mekong Delta as well as Vinh Long city as described in the Socio-economic Development Master Plan in Mekong Delta by 2020 and towards 2030; the Development of Mekong Delta Region Plan by 2020 and on vision 2050; the Development of Vinh Long city Master Plan towards 2035 and socio-economic development orientation towards 2030. The project’s investment items will make great contribution to achieving the objective of class 1 city by 2030 and helping Vinh Long confirm its important role in the key economic region of Mekong Delta, and become an administrative, economic, cultural, scientific, technical center. Existing and future transport system includes: - Road: HCM-Can Tho Expressway – under construction, NH1, 80, 53, 57 and PR902 connecting districts in the South of the province. - Railway: to construct the HCM- Can Tho railway and railways of Mekong Delta provinces in the coming time. - Waterway: Vinh Long Port and internal water way of Co Chien river and Tien river; - Airport: about 50km from Can Tho international Airport. Vinh Long city has a favorable condition for enhancing modern agricultural sectors and is a flatform for improvement of industries and related services which will be key thrives for the city development: - Low flooding frequency; abudant water source; fertile soil; mild climate and lots of sunshine. - Abundant and high-quality resources: Vinh Long province has a high percentage of people at working age (about 70%), with large scale and high-qualified education system. Vinh Long residents are tradditionally diligent and studious. - Road and water way are so convienient that can easily connect to large economic centers of the region. - Near large educational centers as Can Tho, Ho Chi Minh city. - Have considerable tourism potential with diversified natural resources that are suitable for ecotourism promotion. - Have available land fund for urban development: The land fund can be shifted from agricultural to urban development purpose. Its terrain is flat with relatively high elevation in comparison with other regions. During the impact assessment of the project, the analysis of alternatives is an important stage in identifying the investment’s location, scope, design, and technology applicable for a particular project component in order to minimize the negative impacts, while at the same time maximize the positive impacts. The analysis of alternatives has been conducted in consultation with relevant stakeholders in the city for each project’s component. Page 157 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 4.1. “WITHâ€? AND “WITHOUTâ€? THE PROJECT ALTERNATIVES If the project is not implemented, Vinh Long City continues to face the challenges of a small city being lack of adequate urban infrastructure and vulnerable to climate change and sea level rising. The situation is worsening due also to the rapid growth of population and labor force migrating from rural to urban areas. Challenges are among: - Degradation of roads, embankments, water supply and sewage system - Increase of different types of waste - Increase localized floods during flooding seasons As the existing land use purposes and the master plan on land use as well as the increase in land using level in the future, Scenarios of “Withâ€? and “withoutâ€? the project are proposed as following: Table 48: Flooded area with scenarios of 10-year flooding Types of land 1. a 1. b 2. a 2. b 3. a 3. b Total natural area 2660 2660 2660 2660 2660 2660 Urban area including roads 1068 1068 1855 1855 1855 1855 Urban areas and roads 632 40 460 64 487 18 Agricultural land 880 82 0 0 0 0 Commercial land 24 2 86 11 97 8 Public buildings 151 9 358 108 367 66 Other locations 30 3 52 16 54 10 Total 1976 150 955 199 1006 102 Ratio % 59.2% 3.8% 24.8% 3.4% 26.3% 1.0% Notes: - “aâ€?: without the project - “bâ€?: with the project Flooding map for 1. a Flooding map for 1. b Page 158 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Flooding map for 2. a Flooding map for 2. b Flooding map for 3. a Flooding map for 3. b Figure 51:Flooding area in the “withâ€? and “without’ project scenarios According to assessment and calculation of the urban flooding risks analysis report for Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience project, the “withâ€? project scenario will help to reduce 90% flooding risk level in comparison to the “withoutâ€? scenario. EAD (Estimated Annual Damage) is the average damage level of the flooding based on some floods. Then, total damage for each flood will be multiplied to the occurrence frequency to figure out yearly flooding-incurring damage. Afterall, the sum of above results of all repeated cycles will be used to calculate annual damage of flood. Accordingly, economic benefits are presented in the following table. Flood damage is assumed to be proportional to the population growth rate, with an annual population growth rate of about 1.03% and 1.23% per year in period 2020-2035 and in the 2016-2050, respectively. Table 49: Economic benefits of the project for the “withâ€? project scenario Unit: USD Economic Flooding damages in case of Flooding damages in case of benefits for the Year “withoutâ€? the project “withâ€? the project “withâ€? project scenario 2026 (48,519,494) (4,865,365) 43,654,129 2027 (49,019,245) (4,915,479) 44,103,767 2028 (49,524,144) (4,966,108) 44,558,036 Page 159 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Economic Flooding damages in case of Flooding damages in case of benefits for the Year “withoutâ€? the project “withâ€? the project “withâ€? project scenario 2029 (50,034,242) (5,017,259) 45,016,983 2030 (50,549,595) (5,068,937) 45,480,658 2031 (51,070,256) (5,121,147) 45,949,109 2032 (51,596,279) (5,173,894) 46,422,385 2033 (52,127,721) (5,227,186) 46,900,535 2034 (52,664,637) (5,281,026) 47,383,611 2035 (53,207,082) (5,335,420) 47,871,662 2036 (55,593,091) (5,574,681) 50,018,410 2037 (56,276,886) (5,643,249) 50,633,637 2038 (56,969,092) (5,712,661) 51,256,431 2039 (57,669,812) (5,782,927) 51,886,885 2040 (58,379,150) (5,854,057) 52,525,093 2041 (59,097,214) (5,926,062) 53,171,152 2042 (59,824,110) (5,998,953) 53,825,157 2043 (60,559,946) (6,072,740) 54,487,207 2044 (61,304,834) (6,147,434) 55,157,399 2045 (62,058,883) (6,223,048) 55,835,835 2046 (62,822,207) (6,299,591) 56,522,616 2047 (63,594,920) (6,377,076) 57,217,844 2048 (64,377,138) (6,455,514) 57,921,624 2049 (65,168,977) (6,534,917) 58,634,060 2050 (65,970,555) (6,615,297) 59,355,259 The above analysis of a theoretical “without the projectâ€? case clearly demonstrates the benefits of the project. Environmental and social issues in the cases of “withâ€? and “withoutâ€? project are displayed in the following table: Table 50: Analysis of Alternatives - WITHOUT and WITH the project Key environmental WITHOUT WITH and social issue Environmental issues Flooding and Key urban area remains under With the project’s works, high tide is controlled high tide flooding caused by high tide and drainage capacity in the flooded urban area and precipitation. is improved thanks to hydraulic model. Page 160 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Key environmental WITHOUT WITH and social issue Flooding frequently occurs in Consequently, the flooding area reduces about the core of the project area; 150ha, making up 3.8% of the project area. Hydraulic model will be used to emulate the flooding in the future with an estimated area of 1.976 ha, making up 59.2% of the project area. Air pollution Malodor from wastes and water Malodor from wastes and stagnant water will be stagnant in canals treated Air pollution in the construction phase due to transportation of construction materials and ground leveling Improvement Quality of surface water in Improvement of surface water quality in canals of quality of canal was contaminated by relocating households living along the canal; surface water in because of domestic wastewater upgrade of wastewater collection system, canals from households in the area. dredging of canals. Land erosion Increased erosion due to heavy Mitigation of land erosion through flood control rain, climate change and high measures such as river embankment. sea level Social issues Land Not affected by land acquisition Expectedly, there are about 1,800 affected acquisition and and resettlement households, of which 550 have to displace. resettlement Interuption of Not affect living conditions of Impacts on local people’s living conditions and daily activities people in Vinh Long city and their daily activities, community relationship of people in their community relationship due to construction activities and relocation of Vinh Long city affected households. Access to road Frequent traffic congestion due Road and internal waterway will be more transport and to flooding and storms convenient for flood and tide control in the urban internal core area, improvement of canals by dredging waterway and embankment. Increase in land Low price Once completion of the embankment, landscape value of river will be improved; the embankment body will be used for advertisement of brands. The land on the banks will be utilized for parking lot, entertainment and restaurant. Therefore, the land surrounding the embankment will be used effectively and will bring high value. When roads are constructed, trade exchange will be promoted, land on both sides will be used for development of residential area, urban areas and commercial activities. Therefore, land price will be increased, creating thrive for socio-economic development. Page 161 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Key environmental WITHOUT WITH and social issue Environmental Worse environmental The environmental sanitation and community and community sanitation, increased diseases health are improved by rehabilitated water health due to flooding and poor water drainage capacity, controlled high tide; sources: increase in respiratory therefore, diseases will be reduced. disease, dengue fever, typhoid, Environmental sanitation and health conditions dermatological diseases ..., of the people will be better, especially those living along the canal. Urban The project will relocate households who landscape Poor urban landscape encroach the canal banks, creating open space on both sides along with beautiful landscape: have public space, re-build traditional structures, plant green trees Benefits No The project will directly benefits households in the core area of Vinh Long city (wards 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 8 and 9). Additionally, thanks to the project, some households living in banks of Cau Lo, Long Ho rivers and in the project area will have a stable and safety shelter. 4.2. ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PROJECT’S WORKS 4.2.1. Wastewater collection in residential areas There are 3 options for wastewater collection in residential areas proposed: - Option 1: Common drainage culvert system - Option 2: Separate drainage culvert system - Option 3: Semi-separate drainage culvert system. Selection of wastewater collection options will influence the technological chain and quality of treated water. Assessment of 03 above options is described below: Table 51: Comparison of wastewater collection options for the project’s works No. Specifications Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 A Technical criteria Effectiveness of stormwater 1 Good Good Good drainage Effectiveness of wastewater 2 Medium Good Good collection Capacity of wastewater treatment 3 High Low Medium plant Concentration of pollutants in the 4 wastewater led to the treatment Low High Medium plant Flow rate and quality of 5 wastewater led to the treatment Large Small Medium plant Page 162 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Specifications Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Treatment effectiveness to ensure 6 Low High Medium environmental sanitation. Feasibility of new construction of 7 wastewater system in new urban High High High area Demand of the land used to 8 Low High Medium construct water drainage network Feasibility of rehabilitation of 9 existing drainage system in the High Low Medium urban area Suitable to old Suitable to old Compliance with environmental urban area, Suitable to new urban area with 10 sanitation strategy, Specification, narrow that is urban area rehabilitated design standard, application scope hard to drainage system rehabilitate Requirements on Management B and operation Relatively 1 Requirements on operation Simple Simple complicated Requirements on qualification of 2 Medium Medium Cao operator Relatively 3 Operation of culvert network Simple Complicated complicated 4 Operation of WTP Complicated Simple Complicated C Cost for investment and operation Cost for construction of new 1 Medium Cao Medium drainage system Cost for rehabilitation of existing 2 Low High Medium drainage system 3 Operation cost Medium High Medium Based on (i) Advantages and disadvantages of each options; (ii) Current situation of drainage system; (iii) Funding source for the project implementation (iv) Characteristics that the collection areas are mainly new urban areas without any drainage systems, the option of separate drainage culvert system is recommended. Also, the option is compliance with the Decision No. 1930/QD-TTg dated 20/11/2009 approving orientations for development of water drainage in Vietnamese urban centers and industrial parks up to 2025 and a vision towards 2050; and the Master Plan of Vinh Long city towards 2035, on vision to 2050. Type of drainage system: Combine the option 2: separate drainage culvert system for new urban area which have sufficient area for construction and Option 3: semi-separate drainage system for old and narrow residential areas. 4.2.2. Construction of wastewater treatment plant Location: The plant is located in a vacant land area in Thanh Duc commune. This location is convenient for building the plant as: - Near the receiving source, about 3.1 km from Co Chien river; Page 163 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Convenient for site clearance, construction in agricultural area; - Completely compliance with the city’s planning. - Treated wastewater quality satisfies Category A as stipulated at the QCVN 14/2008/BTNMT Comparison and selection of treatment technology: To select suitable treatment technology, 03 technologies are proposed as follows: a) Oxidation Ditch (OD). b) Activated sludge process- anaerobic and aerobic advanced technology (AO). c) Sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Apart from the three technologies, others are widely applied in Vietnam, including: Double- Shell Tank + trickling biofilter technology and Conventional Activated Sludge System (CAS). However, only three technologies are considered because: Double-Shell Tank + trickling biofilter has simple technology that is not suitable for high concentration of pollutants in wastewater from separate culvert system. Actually, the technology was applied in Da Lat with separate culvert system and had limited treatment effectiveness, especially treatment of Ammonium parameters. Another disadvantage recorded is the system have open tanks with natural ventilation that is hard to control bad smell. Conventional Activated Sludge System (CAS) technology mostly has no nitrification process. Therefore, in order to satisfy the treatment requirements, an additional treatment chain should be used for radical ammonium treatment. With three proposed technologies, the treated wastewater quality meets the standard. Thus, the most suitable technology that fulfills the criteria on land fund, stability, construction and O&M cost will be selected. Table 52: Comparison and selection of treatment technologies Technology 2 Activated sludge Technology 3 Technology 1 No. Criteria process- anaerobic and Sequencing batch Oxidation Ditch aerobic advanced reactor (SBR) technology (AO) Technical criteria 2 Compliance - Complied - Complied - Complied with discharging regulations 3 Maintenance - Low frequency of - Low frequency of - Few equipment frequency equipment equipment maintenance. (pump), low maintenance. frequency of equipment maintenance. 4 Replacement of - Simple and the - Simple and the - complicated, some parts and components can be components can be equipment must be components easily purchased in the easily purchased in the imported. country country. 5 Adaptability in - Able to withstand load - Prone to load shock, - Able to withstand case of increase shock leading to poor treatment load shock at 20 to Page 164 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Technology 2 Activated sludge Technology 3 Technology 1 No. Criteria process- anaerobic and Sequencing batch Oxidation Ditch aerobic advanced reactor (SBR) technology (AO) in the effectiveness, the 40% of the designed concentration technology is only flow rate. or flow rate of effective when the flow - At 140% of the effluent. rate of effluent ranges design flow rate, the from 50% to 120%. effectiveness is ensured thanks to large sediment area that ensure good sludge sediment process 6 Construction - Construction, - Construction, - Construction, period (from installation and installation and installation and commencement commissioning period commissioning period is commissioning date to is short short. period is short. operation date) 7 Construction - Large - Medium. - Small because there area is no need to build 02 sediment tanks. 8 Operation - Simple - Simple - Complicated. The mechanism devices are fully automated and preprogrammed, but it requires highly qualified personnel control the system. 9 Training period - 30-40 days of - 30-40 days of - 30-40 days of for staff to commissioning, process commissioning, process commissioning, operate the control, activated sludge control, microbiological process control, wastewater culture to have sludge culture to have sludge microbiological treatment concentration as concentration as culture to have sludge system until requirements requirements concentration as being proficient requirements Economic criteria 10 Construction VND 10-12 million/m3 VND 17 million/m3 VND 16 million/m3 and equipment installation costs (by unit investment cost) 11 Operation and - Medium, about 4,400 - Medium, about 5,500 - Medium, about maintenance VND/m3 wastewater. VND/m3 wastewater 5,500 VND/m3 cost (by wastewater VND/m3 wastewater) Environmental criteria Page 165 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Technology 2 Activated sludge Technology 3 Technology 1 No. Criteria process- anaerobic and Sequencing batch Oxidation Ditch aerobic advanced reactor (SBR) technology (AO) 12 Quality of - Cause bad smell due to - Large sludge volume - Lowest sludge surrounding open tank - Less bad smell thanks volume environment to sealed and combined - Less bad smell tanks. thanks to sealed and combined tanks. 13 Demand for - Use NaOCl or - Use NaOCl or - Use NaOCl or raw materials Ca(OCl)2,... for Ca(OCl)2, ... for Ca(OCl)2,... for and energy disinfection disinfection. disinfection. - Low energy - Medium energy - Medium energy consumption. consumption. consumption. Social criteria 14 Adaptability to - Depend on weather - Depend on weather - Good adaption to regional conditions if using conditions if using various weather conditions sludge drying yard for sludge drying yard for conditions in different sludge treatment sludge treatment. regions (climate, weather). 15 Human resources - Not high qualification - Medium qualification - High qualification for WWTP management and operation 16 Popularity of - Popularly applied in - Popularly applied in - Popularly applied in technology Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam Conclusion No No Opted Based on analyses in the table above: Advantages of the oxidation ditch technology include: simple operation and maintenance, can get rid of total amount of nitrogen as the designed requirements. However, this technology requires a large area of land due to large size of oxidation ditch. In comparison with two remaining technologies, the oxidation ditch technology requires the largest land fund. In the case this technology is used, the existing land fund (7.2ha) of Vinh Long is only adequate for phase 1. There is no reserve land for Phase 2. Additionally, it is hard to control bad odor because it is impossible to build blocks of tanks and it uses mechanical ventilation with a stirrer. Therefore, this technology cannot be applied to Vinh Long City Activated sludge process- anaerobic and aerobic advanced technology (AO) requires medium land fund with simple operation mechanism. With existing land fund in Vinh Long, this technology is suitable for both phases. However, it is less flexible in treatment of multiple flows and different loads and has poor ability to withstand load shocks. On the other hand, this technology produces a large amount of wasted sludge while the land fund available for sludge disposal is very limited. Therefore, this technology is rejected. SBR technology requires the smallest land fund among the three options above, fit to local land fund for both phases. This technology’s advantages are well treatment of all criteria, flexible in handling various different flows and loads, and easy to expand and increase treatment capacity in the future. Because the tanks are built in blocks, there is no need to build sediment tank so the construction cost is significantly lower than two remaining technologies. However, the Page 166 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project equipment cost is high due to complicated technology. As the operation and maintenance are quite complicated, only high qualified personnel can meet requirements. In return, SBR technology produces a small volume of sludge and requires a small area for sludge treatment. Therefore, the SBR technology is proposed to use for the wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day in Vinh Long city. 4.2.3. Technical and technological options for embankment of Long Ho river Analysis of embankment structure: proposed technical structures are typical embankment used for Mekong Delta and other provinces in Vietnam. Table 53: Comparison with Technical and Technological Methods for embankment of Long Ho river Items Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Gravity concrete Pre-stressed concrete Pre-stressed concrete piles embankment wall + precast Technology embankment + + slope with precast concrete reinforced reinforced by gabion concrete embankment slope Applied for river bank protection works in the Suitable to the location Suitable to the location project area and Mekong with limited construction with limited construction Delta. Along with existing area. The construction area. The construction Advantages embankment banks of Long methods are simple that methods are simple that Ho river. Piling in water is can be applied in deep can be applied in deep quite popular in Vietnam. positions. positions Have lowest cost among proposed options. Dimension and length of Dimension and length of pile is large and deep. pile is large and deep. Deep piling due to removal Investment cost is high Investment cost is high of soft soil. Construction of and the construction and the construction the embankment foundation period can be shortened. period can be shortened. can last long time depending Temporary road should Temporary road should be Disadvantages on tidal period. It should be arranged for arranged for arrange a temporary road for transportation of piles, transportation of piles, construction and material construction equipment construction equipment transportation. and overweight volume. and overweight volume. Not fit the old Not fit the old embankment. embankment. Social Yes Yes Yes criteria Ensure the urban landscape Enviro as it fits old embankment Do not ensure beautiful Do not ensure beautiful nment system and increased landscape as it does not Asses landscape as it does not fit al elevation in the future, fit old embankment sment old embankment system criteria ensuring beautiful, reliable system and modern system Econo mic Low cost Higher than option 1 Higher than option 1 criteria Conclusion Selected No No Page 167 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project As compared social, economic and environmental criteria, option 1 is selected because it protects the urban land scape and requires the lowest social costs. 4.2.4. Construction methods for tidal sluicegates ƯuƯ –unhược – nhược m Table Ä‘iểđiể 54: m PA1. Tr PA1. Comparison ụ đở Tr (thi(thi ụ đở côngof structural công tại tại options Ä‘á»— Ä‘á»— PA2. PhÆ°Æ¡ng PA2. and valve PhÆ°Æ¡ngán gate truyá»? n th án truyá»? nốth ngống & khái toán & khái chi toán phí chi phí ch á»— ch) á»— ) xây Items dá»±dá»± ng ng Option 1: Jointing option Option 2: conventional option xây Hình ảnh Hình ảnhminh há»?a minh há»?a Image ƯuƯuÄ‘iểđiể m– mnhượ c c - Ä?ây – nhượ - Ä?ây là làphÆ°Æ¡ng phÆ°Æ¡ng án án má»›má»› i, tuyi, do - Ä?ây tuy - Ä?ây là phÆ°Æ¡ng là phÆ°Æ¡ng án án truyá»? n th truyá»? nốngthống Ä‘iểđiể m m Use cofferdam nhiên đã for được construction thi công that rá»™ ng đã được áp dụ ng r á»™ ng r ải trong notrãi nhiên require đã canal được dredging thi công rá»™ ng đã được áp dụ ng r á»™ ng r ả i trong trong rãi trongcáccáccông công trình ngăn trình ngăn cácThis công các is công trình ở đồ conventional trình ở ngđồ bằng, option ng bằng, đốapplied i đối Advantages Easytriá»? to u thu combineá»™ c d á»± withán chố other triá»?u thuá»™c dá»± án chống ngập ng ng structures ậ p to v á»› i nh widely ững for c ống works có inkhẩu river vá»›i những cống có khẩu Ä‘á»™ nhá»?. Ä‘á»™ nh basins, á»? . locks cho create TP. beautiful cho Hồ H TP. Chí Minh landscape. ồ Chí Minh - Ä?ắp with - đê Ä?ắp quay small đê thượ aperture. quay ng ng thượ hạ h lÆ°u, ạ lÆ°u, và và - S á»­ Reinforce d ụng - Sá»­ foundationkhung dụng khung vây of thevây để bearing thi để thi đào kênh dẫn dòng. đào kênh dẫn dòng. công,công, khôngkhông cần cần đào đào kênh kênh - Quy - Quy mô mô xá»­ xá»­lý ná»?n lý ná»?n móng móng tÆ°Æ¡ng tÆ°Æ¡ng dẫn dẫndòng. dòng. đối This Ä‘Æ¡n giả option n. đối Ä‘Æ¡n giản.requires rotary embankment This - Quyis a new mômô option xá»­ xá»­lý ná»?n that móng require lá»›n. new - Quy lý it ná»?n móng lá»›n. between upstream and downstream and Chi phí đầu tÆ° technology; ẽ đượchowever, phân was tích c used ế for the Sẽ được phân tích chi tiết trong Chi S phí đầu tÆ° flood control Sẽ được phân hi ti t tích chi tiết canal’s Sẽ được flowphân rate.tích Aschi the tiếtshape trong is Disadvantages trong project giai Ä‘oạ in n HCMC. ti ế p theo giai Ä‘oạ n ti ếp theo trong giai Ä‘oạn tiếp theo remained, the beautiful giai Ä‘oạn tiếp theo landscape is The construction period is shorter than limited. option 2 Social criteria No No As long-time construction period, the Have fewer impacts in the construction option causes more impacts than option Environmental phase as the construction period is 1. criteria shorter than option 2. Limited beautiful land scape Economic No No criteria Conclusion Selected No The option 1 is selected because it has fewer environmental impacts in the construction phase and create a special focus for Vinh Long city as well as ensure the beautiful urban landscape. Table 55: Comparison of valve gate Ưu – nhược Ä‘iểm Items PA1. Cá»­a van 1 Option kéo đứng PA2. Cá»­a van s ập Option 1 trục dÆ°á»›i & Ưukhái toán chi – nhược Ä‘iểphí m PA1. Cá»­a van kéo đứng PA2. Cá»­a van sập trục dÆ°á»›i & khái Technology toán Vertical valve gate Valve with lower axis xây ng phí dá»±chi xây dá»±ng Hình ảnh minh há»?a Hình ảnh minh há»?a Image Ưu Ä‘iểm – nhược - Cần xây dá»±ng tháp để vận - Không cần xây dá»±ng tháp để vận Ä‘iểm hành cá»­a van hành cá»­a, hệ thống vận hành có Ưu Ä‘iểm – nhược -- C C ửần a xây dá»±ng kéo sẽ được tháp lên để v ận khi - Không Erection th ể đặt cần tower of trên xây forcoperating trụ dá»±ng ống. tháp đểgate valve vận is Ä‘iểm hành cá»­ không sá»­advan ụng, tÆ°Æ¡ng tác vá»›i -notChành á»­ cửẽ a, required; a s hệ thống không operation nhìnvậnthấ systemhành y can có khibe ki -Simple C á»­atrúc ến sẽ xung được operation quanh and kéolá»›lên n. maintenancekhi thể đặt không installed on trên trụ sá»­ gate. the dục ống.Không gây ng. - Vận hành bảo dưỡng tÆ°Æ¡ng tÆ°Æ¡ng tác vá»›i ki ến trúc xung Advantages không sá»­ d đối Ä‘Æ¡n giãn. ụng, tÆ°Æ¡ng tác vá»› i Cá»­a sẽ không nhìn thấy khi - quanh. Relatively simple installation The gate is invisible in case of not using kiếncông - Thi trúc xung lắp quanh đặt tÆ°Æ¡nglá»›n. đối - Khikhông sá»­ ng bảo dưỡ dục á»­a sKhông ng. ẽ được kéo gây Vận giãn. - Ä‘Æ¡n hành bảo dưỡng tÆ°Æ¡ng For tÆ°Æ¡ng lênmaintenance, toàn tác bá»™. vá»› entire i ki ến will gate trúcbe xung pulled - Quy mô kế đối Ä‘Æ¡n t cấu cá»­a l á»›n. giãn. -outThi quanh.công lắp đặt tÆ°Æ¡ng đối phức - Khả năng chịu l á»±c của kết cấu tạp. -ởThimứccông tÆ°Æ¡ng lắpđốđặt i. tÆ°Æ¡ng đối -- Quy Khi b ảo kế mô dưỡ t cng ấu c cá»­ á»­a sẽm a ở được ức trung kéo Ä‘Æ¡n giãn. lên toàn bá»™. bình. Page 168 - Quy mô kết cấu cá»­a lá»›n. -- KhThi ả công nănglắp chịđặt u lá»± tÆ°Æ¡ng c của đố kế cấ i t ph ứuc tÆ°Æ¡ng đối lá»›n. Chi phí đầu tÆ° - Kh ả năng chịu lá»±c của kết cấu Sẽ được phân tích chi tiết t ạ p. Sẽ được phân tích chi ti ết trong ởm ức tÆ°Æ¡ng trong đố giai Ä‘oạ i. tiếp theo n - Quy mô giaikế t cấ Ä‘oạ nu ti c á»­ ếp ở mức trung atheo Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Items Option 1 Option 1 Do not affect surrounding structure Bearing load of structure is relatively large A tower for operating the valve is required The gate will be pulled up in case of not using that affects surrounding It is complicated to install the gate Disadvantages structure. The gate has medium structure and scale The gate has large structural size Load bearing of the structure is medium Social criteria No No Have more environmental impacts in the construction and operation Environmental impacts in the construction Environmental phases as it requires building valve and operation phases as no valve operating criteria operating towers tower is needed Do not ensure beautiful urban Ensure beautiful urban landscape landscape Economic No No criteria Conclusion Not selected Selected Option 2 will be selected because the valve with lower axis will cause fewer environmental impacts in the construction phase and create a special focus for Vinh Long city as well as ensure urban landscape. Page 169 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 3, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared in this chapter with the aims of impact prevention and mitigation for Vinh Long urban development and climate resilience project. Procedures for implementation, monitoring, supervision and reporting are also included in this ESMP together with Capacity building program and cost estimation. This ESMP consists of main contents as follows: - The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts from Feasibility Study and Detailed Design stage to pre-construction, construction and operation phases together with implementation responsibilities; - Environmental Monitoring Program; - The project Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance; - Capacity building programs; - Cost estimation; and - Grievance Redress mechanism. 5.1. Mitigation Measures 5.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Feasibility Study and Detailed Design 5.1.1.1. Roads and Bridges The following measures were considered during the preparation of the feasibility study and will be integrated in the detailed designs to mitigate the potential socio-environmental impacts and traffic safety risks during operation phase: - Minimize site clearance requirements. - Protect slopes with grass vegetation cover and concrete frames and/or embankments - Install crossing and longitudinal drains to ensure the stability of the project's new roads and to avoid localized flooding risks along the new roads 5.1.1.2. Embankments The design of the embankment operational roads along the Long Ho River and Canals allowed minimization of site clearance that affect local resident’s permanent houses while ensuring straight embankment. Consider the followings: (i) there are stair cases and handrails at intervals along the embankments to maintain safe access to water fronts for local communities; (ii) Trees and grass would be planted along riverbanks of Long Ho River and Canals to maintain the green landscape and stabilize the canal-bank. 5.1.1.3. WWTP To control and minimize the potential impacts of the operational phase of the wastewater treatment plant and promote environmental friendliness of the project, the following measures have been incorporated into the proposed investment project and will be implemented in the detailed design stage: - Larsen sheet piles will be applied to reinforce and protect the slopes of pipe trenches to prevent landslide and erosion when excavation depth is 3m or deeper - The treatment units within the WWTP will be sited in compliance with the Vietnamese National Standard QCVN 01:2008/BXD. This standard requires the WWTP that has biological have a buffer zone of at least 300 m wide. For project, the minimum distance Page 170 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project from some treatment units to the nearest residential buildings: Item Distance (m) Pumping station 50 m Intake 75 m - To meet QCVN 01:2008/BXD requirements, the WWTP will have a buffer zone of at least 300 m (at this time) wide from the nearest residential area in which 3 - 5 m wide green corridor will be created. - A 3 - 5 m wide green corridor and grass land will be established within the WWTP to create green landscape at the WWTP and separate the concrete buildings with the roads and residential areas near the front of the WWTP. - Toilet, washing, and showers areas will be included in the administration building for the operators to use after working shifts. The administrative building shall be designed in such a way that maximise lighting using natural lights, water and electrical equipment will be energy-saving types. - An Emergency Response plan has been proposed to address the causes where there is some failure in the wastewater treatment system. 5.1.2. Measures to be Implemented in Pre-construction Phase 5.1.2.1. Measures to Prevent Safety Risks related to UXO Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal right after completing the compensation for site clearance and before construction of connection road between ward 8 and 9, urban main road 1 and 2, tidal sluice, pumping stations, Long Ho river embankment and WWTP, resettlement sites in ward 8. The project owner will sign contract with competent army agencies for detection and clearance of bombs and mines (the depth at least 5.0m under the ground) at construction sites, if any. The UXO clearance plan must be informed to local people before commencement. 5.1.2.2. Measures to address the Impacts of Land Acquisition and Resettlement During project preparation, resettlement consultants, technical consultants and PMUs worked together, reviewing the technical requirements and construction methods to reduce resettlement in principle (i) mitigate the impact of land acquisition on households in the project area; and (ii) prioritizing construction options that require the smallest area of land acquisition. Compensation and supports given to the affected households will be based on the following key principles: All affected person who have assets within or reside within the area of project land-take before the cut-off date are entitled to compensation for their losses. Those who have lost their income and/or subsistence will be eligible for livelihood rehabilitation assistance based on the criteria of eligibility defined by the project in consultation with the project affected person. If, by the end of the project, livelihoods have been shown not to be restored to pre-project levels, additional measures will be provided. Agricultural land cost: Compensation and support for agricultural land will follow the price list issued by the Vinh Long PPC. Housing construction cost: Values of houses and other structures are determined according to the market price of construction materials at the time of determining the compensation cost in order to build a replacement house with quality and size at least as the old one, or to repair the affected part. The housing construction unit price shall comply with the decision of the Vinh Page 171 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Long provincial People's Committee. Cost of trees and farm produce: The proposed price for compensation calculation is based on the legal regulations by Vinh Long PPC. The table below presents mitigation measures to address potential negative environmental and social impacts during pre-construction. Table 56: Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase Environmental Responsibilities and social Mitigation measures Implement Supervisi impacts ation on Impacts of Land PMU, City IEMC Implementation of approved RP in accordance with Acquisition and People's its provision Resettlement Committee UXO can affect Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for health and safety removal right after completing the compensation for of workers, staff, site clearance and before carrying out the levelling of and local people the site. This is required to be made prior to the construction of connection road between ward 8 and PMU/contr 9, urban main road 1 and 2, tidal sluice, pumping acted stations, Long Ho river embankment and WWTP, competent PMU resettlement sites in ward 8. The Project owners must military contract with a competent military agency to clear all unit UXO to the depth of five meters from the ground surface of the construction sites. The detailed plan for removal of UXO should be disclosed and informed to local people, workers in the affected area in a timely manner before UXO clearance starts. 5.1.3. Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase As discussed in Chapter 3, the potential impacts and main risks that may occur during the construction include: (i) dust, emission, noise, vibration; (ii) wastewater; (iii) solid wastes and hazardous waste; (iv) Surface water quality reduction; (v) Impacts on Biological Resources; (vi) Impacts on urban landscape; (vii) risk of erosion and landslide; (viii) risk of flooding and sedimentation; (ix) traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; (x) impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; (xi) Disturbance to businesses and daily activities of local people; (xii) Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; (xiii) Community Safety and Health; (xiv) risk to safety and health of workers and (xv) Communication to local community. In addition, some specific impacts by each work, such as construction of bridge, tidal sluice, embankment or sensitive locations along the route, dredging and embankment the canals have also been identified. Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the project and presented by category: General mitigation measures presented as ECOP (Environmental Codes of Practice). ECOP will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer). Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site-specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ECOP and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package. Page 172 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project The contractors will be required to prepare Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the project Management Unit (PMU) for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. The SESMP will be prepared to meet the mitigation requirements described in below. 5.1.4. Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) The mitigation measures for common negative impacts during the construction phase are presented in Tables in the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP). ECOP will be included in all bidding documents and construction contracts of all bid packages to request the contractors to implement. ECOP compliance will be supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) in coordination with PMU. ECOP, together with relevant type-specific and site-specific mitigation measures will be included in the construction contract signed between the PMU and the Contractor. In addition, each contractor will be required to prepare Site-specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) to cover all measures that the contractor will carry out to address potential impacts and risks associated with the works that they are contracted to implement. i. Dust, emission, noise, vibration; ii. Wastewater management; iii. Solid wastes and Hazardous waste management; iv. Surface water quality reduction; v. Impacts on Biological Resources; vi. Impacts on urban landscape; vii. Risk of erosion and landslide; viii. Flooding and sedimentation; ix. Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; x. Impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; xi. Social impact; xii. Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; xiii. Community Safety and Health; xiv. Risk to safety and health of workers. xv. Management of material stores and pits xvi. Communication with local authorities. Page 173 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 57: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs) Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues 1. Dust and - The Contractor is responsible for compliance with - TCVN 6438-2005: Road Contractor PMU, exhaust relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to vehicles - Maximum CSC, emissions ambient air quality. permitted emission limits TVGSMTÄ?L - The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of of exhaust gas dust is minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance - Decision No. by local residents and shall implement a dust control 35/2005/QD-BGTVT on plan to maintain a safe working environment and inspection of quality, minimize disturbances for surrounding residential technical safety and areas/dwellings. environmental protection - The Contractor shall implement dust suppression - QCVN 05: 2013/MONRE: measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water National technical roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as regulation on ambient air required. quality; - Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured WB's EHS standard during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust. - Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors. - Dust masks should be used where dust levels are excessive - All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases. - Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protectionâ€? following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; - There should strictly be no burning of solid wastes or Page 174 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil-based rag, emptied cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.) on site. - Noise and vibration - The contractor is responsible for compliance with the - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, impacts relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise National technical CSC, IEMC and vibration. regulation on noise - All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: conformity from inspection of quality, technical National technical safety and environmental protectionâ€? following regulation on vibration; Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid - WB's EHS standard exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained machines. - Measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels should be implemented, including:  Selecting equipment with lower sound power levels  Installing silencers for fans  Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components  Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise  Installing acoustic barriers without gaps and with a continuous minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2 in order to minimize the transmission of sound through the barrier  Barriers should be located as close to the source or to the receptor location to be effective  Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment  Limiting the hours of operation for specific pieces of equipment or operations, especially Page 175 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues mobile sources operating through community areas  Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding  Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible  Taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design  Reducing project traffic routing through community areas wherever possible - Developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints 2. Wastewater - The Contractor must be responsible for compliance QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC management with the relevant Vietnamese regulations on National technical wastewater discharges into surroundings. regulation on domestic - Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on wastewater; site for construction workers. QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: - Consider hiring local workers to reduce wastewater National technical generation on site. regulation on industrial - Provide septic tanks for collecting and treating wastewater; wastewater from toilets. WB's EHS standard - Wastewater from kitchens, showers, sinks shall be discharged into a local sewerage system. - Wastewater from washing vehicles and construction equipment shall be collected into a settling pond before discharged into local drainage system. At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed of or effectively sealed off. Page 176 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues 3. Solid waste - Before construction, a solid waste control procedure Decision No. 59/2007/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC management (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin CP on solid waste clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by management; Contractors and it must be carefully followed during Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP construction activities. dated 24/04/2015 on waste - Before construction, all necessary waste disposal and scrap management permits or licenses must be obtained. - Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. - Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO. - Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. - No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. - Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale. If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. Page 177 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues 4. Hazardous - Fuels and chemicals must be safely stored in areas Decree No. 38/2015/NÄ?-CP Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC waste with impermeable ground with roofs and surrounding dated 24/04/2015 on waste management banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at and scrap management least 20m from the camps and at the end of prevailing Circular No. 36/2015/TT- winds; BTNMT on hazardous - Collect, store, and transported for treatment all waste management hazardous wastes (road asphalt, waste oil and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) in accordance with Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous waste. - Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized containers and place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at a safe distance from fire sources. Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be delivered to suppliers/ manufacturers - Do not use unapproved toxic materials, including paint containing lead, asbestos, etc. .; - The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers. - Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company. - Do not perform any maintenance (change of oil and filter) of cars and equipment outside the designated area. - Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by n approved specialized oil recycling company for disposal. - Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to Page 178 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues avoid any leakage or affecting workers. - Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant. - Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident - Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labelling - Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards - Report all incidences of oil spills immediately and prevent any risks of oil spills - Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions. - In the event that accidental leakage or spillage of diesel/chemicals/chemical wastes takes place, the following response procedures shall be followed immediately by the Contractor(s): o The person who has identified the leakage/spillage shall immediately check if anyone is injured and shall then inform the Contractor(s), Supervision Engineer and PMU; o The Contractor(s) shall ensure any injured persons are treated and assess what has spilled/ leaked; o Should the accidents/ incidents generate serious environmental pollution (e.g. spillage / leakage of toxic or chemicals, Page 179 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues large scale spillage / leakage, or spillage / leakage into the nearby water bodies, the Contractor shall immediately inform PMU; o In such cases, the Contractor(s) shall take immediate action to stop the spillage / leakage and divert the spilled / leaked liquid to nearby non-sensitive areas; o The Contractor(s) shall arrange maintenance staff with appropriate protective clothing to clean up the chemicals/chemical waste. This may be achieved through soaking with sawdust (if the quantity of spillage/leakage is small), or sand bags (if the quantity is large); and/or using a shovel to remove the topsoil (if the spillage/leakage occurs on bare ground); and o Depending on the nature and extent of the chemical spill, evacuation of the activity site may be necessary; o Spilled chemicals must not be flushed to local surface drainage systems. Instead, sawdust or sandbags used for clean-up and removed contaminated soil shall be disposed of by following the procedures for chemical waste handling and disposal already described; The Contractor(s) shall prepare a report on the incident detailing the accident, clean up actions taken, any pollution problems and suggested measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again in future. The incident report shall then be submitted to the Supervision Engineer and PMU for review and keep in the records. The incident report shall also be Page 180 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues submitted to DONRE, if required. 5. Water pollution The Contractors are responsible for controlling QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC surface water quality when discharging it out of National technical construction sites, in accordance with QCVN 08- regulation on domestic MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT; wastewater; Store used and unused oil and petrol on impermeable QCVN 08-MT: grounds covered with roofs, with warning (flammable 2015/BTNMT: National and danger) signs, and contained within surrounding technical regulation on fences for easy control and collection in case of surface water; leakage. Locate oil and petrol storage areas at least QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: 25m from any ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. National technical Restrict accessibility to these temporary storages to regulation on industrial only authorized persons; wastewater; Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground WB's EHS standard only, at least 20m far from any water sources. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors; Maintain vehicles and replace oil at designated workshops only. Do not perform these activities at sites; Collect and keep used/waste oil and materials polluted with oil/chemicals in containers, store in safe places (on impermeable grounds, roofed, fenced and with warning signs) for regular collection by licensed dealers; Carry out concrete mixing on impermeable grounds only. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at the sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors; Provide sedimentation pits and ditches at big construction sites; Page 181 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues Provide appropriate toilets for the workers; Avoid carrying out excavation and backfilling in rainy weather; Collect and transport materials and wastes generated during excavation and backfilling materials to designated sites for reuse or final disposal as soon as possible; Collect and transport excavated soil out of construction sites within 24 hours. Dredged materials must be transported away from temporary disposal sites as soon as they are dry sufficiently; Maintain vehicles and equipment, including oil replacement or lubrication, at designated areas only. Ensure that no chemicals, petrol, oil, or grease are leaked into the soil, drains or water sources. Use trays to hold rags and materials used in maintenance. Collect and dispose wastes in accordance with hazardous waste management requirements. 6. Impacts on The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Re- Environment Protection Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC plants and vegetation and Restoration Management Plan. Law 55/2014/QH13 aquatic species Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees. Do not load materials and wastes at places having vegetation cover. Load them on barren land instead; If trees can be replanted somewhere, move them instead of cutting the trees down; If any invasive species are found during construction phase, burn them before disposed of to prevent them from regrowing at disposal site; Chemicals must not be used to clear vegetation; Minimise the areas disturbed, especially in locations Page 182 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues having trees or vegetation; Determine areas to be undisturbed for protection during construction. Do not remove or damage the vegetation without direct instructions. Do not hurt, trap, feed or harm any animal - including birds, frogs, snakes, etc. Do not cut trees outside the approved construction area for any reason Do not buy any wildlife for food; Birds and animals must not be kept in cages in camps No collection of firewood. Do not burn litter that damages vegetation. Limit disturbances to areas with construction operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation. Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead. Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan. When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site. The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place. 7. Impacts on Place the signboard “Sorry to disturbâ€? at the Law on environmental Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC urban construction sites located in popular areas; protection No. landscape and Keep the disturbed areas to be minimal; re-establish 55/2014/QH13 beauty vegetation covers as soon as construction is TCVN 4447:1987 completed; Construction regulation Page 183 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues All facilities are maintained in neat and tidy conditions Circular No. 22/2010/TT- and the sites shall be kept free of litter; BXD on construction safety Fence the construction sites with solid materials if the construction sites are exposed to sensitive sites or exposed to tourist areas; Do not load construction materials or wastes within 10 m from the gates of any public buildings or cultural structures such as government offices, temples, schools, etc.; Collect and transport excavated materials and construction wastes to the disposal sites within 24 hours; Clean up the construction sites daily if the sites are located in populated areas; Wash vehicles periodically to prevent dust dispersion onto roads. 8. Sedimentation, Management of Flooding Risks TCVN Contractor PMU, erosion, - Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, 4447:1987: CSC, IEMC flooding, stones and wastes from drainage sewers and Earthwork – subsidence ditches inside and around the construction site. construction scope - Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit Circular them being swept away by stormwater. No.22/2010/TT- - Carry out ground levelling and rolling after BXD on discarding materials at disposal sites. construction safety - Install supports to protect the walls where excavation is deeper than 2 m. QCVN 08- - Check the existing drains within and MT:2015/BTNMT surrounding the construction sites, improve – National before levelling to ensure rainwater can be technical drained properly; regulation on - Load construction material and wastes at least surface water 10 m from any existing drainage ditches or quality; water sources to minimise materials from Page 184 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues entering the channels which may lead to sedimentation and blockage; - Clean up the existing drains regularly. Sedimentation Control - Transport the waste out of the site within the shortest time possible but this operation should not last more than 2 days; - Install and maintain sedimentation traps within and/or surrounding centralised construction sites. Remove the soil, stone and waste periodically from the traps to maintain their functions; - Gather the materials and waste neatly to limit the amount of materials being swept away by stormwater; - Carry out levelling and rolling after waste disposal at the disposal sites in order to minimise erosion; - Use Larsen sheet piles for protecting the walls/slopes when excavation is deeper than 2.5m. Reinforcing piles must be checked and maintained to ensure stability of excavated trenches and holes; - Levelling the disturbed areas to prevent erosion; - Strictly avoid disturbance or damages to the existing vegetation and trees. Measures to Control Subsidence - Limit disturbances to construction areas, especially in locations currently with green trees or vegetation; - Use Larsen sheet piles for building prop walls when excavation is performed to a depth of 2.5m and more; Page 185 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues Reinforce weak slopes and protect them with sandbags when there are high risks of erosion and landslides or in case of visible gully erosion. 9. Traffic Install and maintain sign boards, fences, signal lights Law on traffic and transport Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC management to direct traffic to ensure traffic safety. Ensure No. 23/2008/QH12; adequate lighting at night time; Decree 46/2016/ND-CP on Only use vehicles with valid registration. Trucks must administrative penalty for be covered to prevent materials from dropping along traffic safety violation the routes to cause dusts and accidents; Arrange and Law on construction No. provide separate passageway with safe and easy 50/2014/QH13; access for pedestrian and for people with disability Circular No. 22/2010/TT- and mobility issues especially the areas in proximity BXD on regulation on labor of schools, including easy wheel chair access and hand safety in construction rail. Make staff available any time for helping people with disability if needed. Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety for people and means of transport during construction. Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200m from the construction site. Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10cm higher than the truck body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, giving rise to dust and endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and materials at the construction site each day to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles. Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements. Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do not Page 186 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near office areas of the existing universities under UD. Install night lighting of all construction sites. Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic diversion. Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours. 10. Impacts on Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC existing power, internet services: the Contractor must CP on administrative infrastructure undertake prior consultation and contingency penalty for violations and services planning with local authorities about the related to social security, consequences of a particular service failure or order and safety issues disconnection. Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction schedules. Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at least 5 days in advance). The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible. Page 187 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues 11. Social impacts Conduct temporary residence for workers with local Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC authorities; CP on administrative Inform the community of commencement date 02 penalty for violations weeks in advance. In case of water and power outage related to social security, for construction, affected will be notified 02 days in order and safety issues advance by the PMU. Limit construction activities at night. If construction at night is unavoidable or interruption to service supply (water and power cut-off), the community must be informed at least 02 days in advance and the information will be repeated 1 day. Place planks on constructed ditches which was completed but not reinstated for travelling along the construction route. Use local labors to implement simple jobs. Training on environmental sanitation, safety and health of workers before assigning jobs. Nonlocal workers must be introduced with custom, traditions in the area to avoid community conflicts. Prepare conducts codes and request workers to comply with: Use PPE during working period Only smoke in regulated areas The following activities will be banned: Storing and using weapons and poisons Cutting trees outside the construction area, burning fire, burning waste and plants after clearing (except for invasive plants, but there must be agreed by the Environmental Specialist in the supervision consulting team and PMU) Using alcohol in working period Page 188 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues Fighting Participating in gambling and social evils such as drugs, prostitution Littering waste Operate vehicles, motorbike and construction means without tasks assigned. Maintenance of vehicles, construction machines and equipment outside the permitted area; Child labor: The minimum age of project workers eligible for any jobs provided by Vinh Long project (including construction works) is 18 Workers aged 15 to under 18 may only be permitted to implement non-hazardous assignment that will not interfere their education (according to previous risk assessment and regularly monitoring for health and safety conditions, working hours, etc.) in accordance with ESS2 To prevent the participation of underage workers, all contracts will must integrate the provisions on worker’s age commitment, including penalties for non-compliance. The contractor shall maintain a list of contracted workers with their age. Gender equality: Jobs of workers under Vinh Long city will be based on the gender equality and will have no discrimation for any gender-related employment, recruitment, conditions for recruitment (including jobs, salary and benefits), termination and access to training courses. In order to address the risk of excluding vulnerable groups (such as women and people with disabilities) from employment opportunities, the Contractors are Page 189 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues required to recruit such groups as part of unskilled employees. Contractors will be required to comply with the National Law on gender equality in the workplace, which includes adequate and appropriate maternity and nursing leave; and restrooms and toilets must be separate from men and women. Contractors will also be requested to address potential sexual exploitation or harassment issues in recruiting or keeping skilled or unskilled female workers for supporting the project. 12. Control of If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, Law on Cultural Heritage Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC impacts on historical sites, remains and objects, including (2002) physical graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation Law on Cultural Heritage cultural or construction, the Contractor shall: (2009) for supplementary resources - Stop the construction activities in the area of the and reformation chance find; Decree No. 98/2010/ND-CP - Delineate the discovered site or area; for supplementary and - Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of reformation removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism takes over; - Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less); - Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of Page 190 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; - Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; - If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Project’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site; - Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities; Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage. 13. Community’s The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. Contractor PMU, safety and Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD by the Ministry of 22/2010/TT-BXD CSC, IEMC health Construction on safety in construction. on construction The Project owner and contractor are to cooperate safety closely with the local government in performing Directive No.02 effective community sanitation in case of epidemic /2008/CT-BXD on symptoms breaking out in the area. safeguards and The Project owner and contractor are to cooperate sanitation in with local authorities in preventing and fighting construction units against social evils. TCVN 5308-91: Page 191 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues Do not disturb or cause trouble to community Technical Fence of excavation pits and open channels and make regulation on off with luminous cordon and warning signs. Provide safety in sufficient lighting when carry out construction at construction night. Decision No Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 96/2008/QD-TTg 200m from the construction site so as to minimize dust on clearance of and noise. UXOs Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA. Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration. The Project will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. 14. Workers’ Provide training in EHS to workers for raising their Directive No. 02/2008/CT- Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC health safety awareness of infectious diseases especially HIV/AIDS BXD on labour safety and within 2 weeks prior to the commencement of sanitation in construction packages for construction items lasting at least 6 agencies; months. Circular No. 22/2010/TT- Provide training in first-aid skill and first-aid kit to BXD on regulation on workers and site engineer labour safety in construction Regularly exam worker’s health to ensure QCVN 18:2014/BXD: occupational health Technical regulation on Provide workers with PPE such as masks, gloves, safety in construction helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, safety belt, etc. and enforce wearing during working especially working at heights and in dangerous areas. Limit or avoid working in extreme weather conditions, Page 192 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues e.g. too hot, heavy rain, strong wind, and dense fog. Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/or a full-face eye shield for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may include the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece of light metal, canvas, or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required. Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by fire extinguishers, stand- by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for hot work on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials. Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets. Provide sufficient lighting when carrying out construction activities at night. Locate noise-generating sources and concrete mixing plants far enough from and downwind of residential areas and camps. Store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground, roofs, surrounding banks, and warning signs at least 50 m far from and downwind of residential areas and the camps. Provide training in fire-fighting to workers and fire- Page 193 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues extinguishers for the camps. Prepare an emergency plan for chemical/fuel spill incident risk before construction begins. Provide the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitary facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable. Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep good sanitation. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically. Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents. 15. Management of ï‚· All locations must be identified in accordance with Contractor PMU, Stockpiles, technical specifications. Sensitive areas such as CSC, IEMC Quarries and nature reserve, landscape areas and areas near the Borrow Pit receiving sources or other areas near the water sources. Open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater. ï‚· Wall around the disposal site must be built. ï‚· The use of additional areas for storage, gathering or material exploitation for the construction must be approved in advance by construction engineers. ï‚· When landowners are affected when their land use for stockpiling, or material exploitation, these owners must be included in the project’s resettlement plan. ï‚· If access road to the site is required, it must be included in the environmental assessment. Page 194 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues 16. Communication Maintain open communications with the local Decree No. 167/2013/ND- Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC to local government and concerned communities; the CP on administrative community contractor shall coordinate with local authorities penalty for violations (leaders of local wards or communes, leader of related to social security, villages) for agreed schedules of construction order and safety issues activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days). Copies in Vietnamese of this ECOP and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site. Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives. Disseminate Project information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement. Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, Project status and Project implementation results. Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during Project implementation phase. Monitor community concerns and information Page 195 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Environmental – Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised by social issues requirements as the Project progresses. Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate. Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures. At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the Project site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses. Provide technical documents and drawings to local authority and community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site. Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the Project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staffs, health and safety staffs, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions Workers and Workforce Management A concern during construction phase of the project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Page 196 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Contractor is responsible for providing appropriate training to all staff according to their level of responsibility for environmental, health and safety matters. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): - All of the workforce shall abide by the laws and regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited; - Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited; - Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited; - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited; - Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited; - Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas; - Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene; - Maintenance of appropriate standards hygiene in their accommodation quarters; - Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and - Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. Prohibitions. The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site: - Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area; - Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection; - Buying of wild animals for food; - Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.; - Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value; - Building of fires; Page 197 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); - Use of alcohol by workers during working hours; - Gambling should be strictly forbidden. - Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks; - Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas: - Disposing trash in unauthorized places; - Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads; - Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps; - Working without safety equipment (including boots and helmets); - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; - The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes; - Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble; - Littering the site; - Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products; - Collection of firewood; - Poaching of any description; - Explosive and chemical fishing; - Latrine outside the designated facilities; and - Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation. Security. Some security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. Some of these security measures include: - The list of workers must be registered to local authorities in accordance with existing Vietnamese regulations - Children under 14 years of age will hot hired under the project - Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided; Page 198 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Control of camp access. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes; - Prior approval from the construction camp manager for visitor’s access to the construction camp; - A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height constructed from appropriate materials; - Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fires extinguishers. - Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor’s employees or any other person related to the project found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation. Page 199 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 5.1.5. Specific Mitigation Measures in the construction phase Depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The IEMC, CSC and PMU shall monitor the Contractor’s compliance. Table 58: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase Site-specific Implemen Supervisi Mitigation measures on impacts tation 1) Impacts on The dredging operation is conducted only during Contractor PMU, water environment the dry season; CSC, Dredged canal; Create sedimentation traps and maintain them IEMC embankment of periodically to ensure that most solids in surface Long Ho river, runoff are retained in the traps before entering the tidal sluice gate, existing drains or water sources surrounding the bridges on sites; connection road Leachate from sediments must be first deposited in between ward 8 sedimentation hole/trap before entering the river. and 9; urban main Strictly prohibit contractors to discharge waste into road 1 and 2 canal Collection of redundancy material on site is implemented daily. Upon forecasted stormy weather, suspend all the construction activities, tidy up the sites, brace and protect the materials and construction machines. Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near the canal. Gathering small quantities of materials fit with the schedule. Materials must be covered with tarpaulin, avoiding the upwind location, near the canal. Strictly prevent hazardous waste, waste oils or particularly greasy rags from entering the flow. Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 2) Impacts Before dredging, reinforcement will be conducted. Contractor PMU, caused by erosion, This construction method must be proposed and CSC, subsidence and submitted to the authorities concerned for approval IEMC damages to by the construction contractors. existing structures Ensure that land acquisition and house relocation Areas which are at the site boundary is completed prior to prone to the risks: commencing construction work. the area Use appropriate construction methods with each surrounding Long construction site location. Ho river Closely monitoring the vibration level embankment; tidal sluice 4, 5, 6, 7 and Construction of side slope is made in accordance 9; bridge with the design construction area Do not carry out dredging works in rainy season. which cuts existing Do not place heavy machineries and transportation roads and canals vehicles near the canal banks. Inspection and supervision on land subsidence risks must be taken regularly in order to prepare the appropriate Page 200 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Implemen Supervisi Mitigation measures on impacts tation reinforcement plans. Ensure the constant presence of supervision consultants and contractors during construction to monitor the potential risk of erosion and landslides and if necessary take the appropriate action. Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 3) Impacts by Notify the construction progress of each section Contractor PMU, malodor from dredging for surrounding people. CSC, dredged materials Dredged materials are transported to the disposal IEMC Dredging 22.0km site by specialized vehicles. of rehabilitated Do not gather dredged material along the ditches. canals Use lime powder to limit malodor dispersion, if necessary. Do not construct at the rest time, limit construction after 18h. Consult closely with local people and communities for appropriate mitigation measures. Provide adequate personal protective equipment for all workers. Comply with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 4) Leaking Dredging activities are only carried out in the dry Contractor PMU, water from season; CSC, dredging Water leaking from sediment must be deposited in IEMC Dredging 22.0km settling tank/trap before discharging into river; of rehabilitated The process of transporting dredged materials canals must use specialized vehicles with containers. No dredging at the time of water intaking for agricultural production activities of the local people. Comply with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 5) Impacts on Informing the community of the construction Contractor PMU, agricultural schedule at least two weeks before the CSC, production construction. IEMC Connection road Arrange drainage around the construction sites to between ward 8 prevent soil erosion and sedimentation into the rice and 9, urban main fields and irrigation canals. road 1, 2, WWTP Regularly check the affected on-field irrigation area canals to ensure they are not blocked by construction spoil or waste and if they are affected, provide alternative irrigation water from canals to the locations the local people request. Immediately rehabilitate irrigation canals if they are damaged by construction activities to ensure that water supply for the rice fields is maintained. Closely consult with the local community to ensure that suitable solutions to problems are taken and communities’ concerns related to construction Page 201 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Implemen Supervisi Mitigation measures on impacts tation activities are addressed. 6) Impacts on Coordinate with the local authority to inform local Contractor PMU, groundwater people of the construction plan prior to CSC, quality construction; IEMC Construction area Coordinate with the management unit of waterway of intersection to flag the signal system on the inland waterway between existing the transport will travel through; roads and canals, Provide the workers with all appropriate PPE and Long Ho river ensure that life jackets are used in proximity to embankment and water. Safety staff must be available at all times for tidal sluice gate. timely rescue in case of incidents. Place warning boards along the construction route, both on land and water surface (arrange the road and waterway traffic guide). Comply with QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, QCVN 18:2014/BXD. 7) Business Inform the street household businesses of the Contractor PMU, interruption construction activities and their potential impacts CSC, Business such, waste, dust, and noise, traffic, and IEMC households along construction schedule at least 02 weeks before start Long Ho of the construction. embankment. Provide safe and easy access to the household businesses putting clean and strong thick wood panels or steel plates over the open ditches or manholes. Do not use machines generating loud noise and high vibration levels near the household businesses. Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at site that is near household businesses. Deploy staff to guide the traffic during construction during transportation, loading and unloading of construction materials and wastes, and to guard high risk operations. Cleaning up construction areas at the end of the day, especially construction areas in front of business shops. Manage the worker force to any avoid the conflict with the local people and household businesses. Compensate goods, products damaged by construction activities of the project. Immediately address any issue/problem caused by the construction activities and raised by the local household businesses. In coordination with local authorities, propose alternative location for street vendors, satisfactory to them, during the construction period; Follow-up impacts on street vendors livelihood, Page 202 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Implemen Supervisi Mitigation measures on impacts tation and propose mitigation measures if livelihoods are affected. 8) Risks of Before excavation and backfilling, the tidal sluice Contractor PMU, erosion and gates and culverts must be reinforced. The CSC, landslide, construction methods must be proposed and IEMC subsidence during submitted to competent agencies before embankment and construction. construction of Use construction methods suitable to each work. tidal sluice gate) Closely monitor the vibration Embankment of Construction of embankment slope and culverts Long river; under the design construction of 9 tidal sluice gates Do not conduct excavation and embankment in rainy season. Do not place heavy machines and equipment near canals. Check and inspect the risk of subsidence regularly to prepare suitable strengthening plans. The monitoring consultant and contractor must be regularly present in the construction site to reduce the risk of erosion and subsidence and appropriate mitigation measures should be taken. Compliance with QCVN 18:2014/BXD. Social impacts due Contractor to preferentially recruit unskilled labor Contractor PMU, to labor influx and from the local communities. CSC, prevention of GBV All workers from outside the project area will be IEMC registered at ward/commune level; Make all contracted workers sign code of conduct, including prevention of GBV. Make all contracted workers to follow the rules for on-site behavior (with colleagues) and conduct in the community. Conduct induction and toolbox talks outlining expected conduct and local community values including GBV. - Introduce disciplinary measures for violations and misbehavior - Place signs on the worksite indicated that it is an harassment free zone, and where members of the community can complain if an incident occurs. - Separate sanitary facilities for both male and female workers. Page 203 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 5.1.6. Mitigation measures for impacts on sensitive receptors The site-specific mitigation measures for Sensitive receptors are presented in Table below. Table 59: Site-specific Mitigation Measures for sensitive receptors Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity 1. Construction of urban drainage system: no sensitive receptors 2. Construction of wastewater collection and treatment system: there is 01 sensitive receptors Thanh Duc market Dust. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. construction sites during the peak hours. IEMC Solid waste.. Arrange staff to direct traffic on this section on peak hours during peak Traffic jams, traffic construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; accidents. 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) Obstruct the access and Place warning and speed limit signs at trading activities of local the market people to Thanh Duc market. Water the transportation roads, if any, in a hot, dry day. Community conflict. Limit pressing horn when transporting Impacts on trading and through the market goods exchange of local people. Closely work with local community to ensure the best solution to issues and complaints related to the construction activities Dust and emissions. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise and vibration. construction sites during the peak hours IEMC Solid waste. Arrange staff to direct traffic on this Thanh Duc C Primary School section on peak hours during peak Traffic jams, traffic construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; accidents. 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) Impede the access of Place warning and speed limit signs and parents and school staff. reflective fences along the areas passing Page 204 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity Community conflict. the school. Impact on extracurricular Water the construction areas located activities. within 100 m from the residential area at least triple times in a hot, dry day. 3. Flood control in urban core areas: There are 06 sensitive strcutures Cua market Dust. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. construction sites during the peak hours. IEMC Solid waste.. Arrange staff to direct traffic on this section on peak hours during peak Traffic jams, traffic construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; accidents. 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) Obstruct the access and Place warning and speed limit signs at trading activities of local the market. people to Cua market. Water the transportation roads, if any, in Community conflict. a hot, dry day. Impacts on trading and Limit pressing horn when transporting goods exchange of local through the market people. Closely work with local community to ensure the best solution to issues and complaints related to the construction activities. For waterway, signs and officials must be arranged to direct the traffic flow. Conduct successive construction to minimize the business activities in the market. Boats suitable with the area must be arranged so that the loading and unloading Page 205 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity activities are facilitated. Tran Phu Secondary School Dust and emissions. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise and vibration. construction sites during the peak hours IEMC Traffic jams, traffic Arrange staff to direct traffic on this accidents. section on peak hours during peak construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; Obstruct parents’s 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) approach to the teacher Place warning and speed limit signs at Community conflict. the along the construction site Impact on extracurricular Water the construction areas located activities within 100 m from the residential area at least triple times in a hot, dry day. Van Thanh Temple of Vinh Long Dust and emissions. Do not load materials and waste within Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. 20 m from the temple IEMC Spillage of solid waste Water the construction areas located affects the spiritual and within 100m from the temple in hot, dry social activities of the locals day when they leave home. Minimise the volume of materials and Obstruct people’s wastes temporarily loaded in the area and approach to the Van Thanh minimize the activities that generate noise Temple in the 1st and 15th of lunar month Risk of community Enforce compliance to the workers of conflict. conduct particularly with regards to language and behaviors when present in the area near the temple Page 206 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity Tran Quoc Toan Primary School Dust and emissions. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise and vibration. construction sites during the peak hours IEMC Traffic jams, traffic Arrange staff to direct traffic on this accidents. section on peak hours during peak construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; Obstruct parent’s 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) approach to the teacher Place warning and speed limit signs and Community conflict. reflective fences along the areas passing Impact on extracurricular the school. activities Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least triple times in a hot, dry day. Phap Hai Pagoda Dust and emissions. Do not load materials and waste within Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. 20 m from the temple IEMC Spillage of solid waste Water the construction areas located affects the spiritual and within 100 m from the temple in hot, dry social activities of the locals day when they leave home. Minimise the volume of materials and Obstruct people’s wastes temporarily loaded in the area and approach to the Phap Hai minimize the activities that generate noise Pagoda in the 1st and 15th of Lunar month Risk of community Enforce compliance to the workers of conflict. conduct particularly with regards to language and behaviors when present in the area near the temple Giac Thien Pagoda Dust and emissions. Do not load materials and waste within Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. 20 m from the temple IEMC Spillage of solid waste Water the construction areas located affects the spiritual and within 100 m from the temple in hot, dry social activities of the locals day when they leave home. Minimise the volume of materials and Page 207 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity Obstruct people’s wastes temporarily loaded in the area and approach to the Giap Thien minimize the activities that generate noise Pagoda in the 1st and 15th of Lunar month Risk of community Enforce compliance to the workers of conflict. conduct particularly with regards to language and behaviors when present in the area near the temple University of Economics Ho Chi Dust and emissions. Minimise the number of trucks leaving Contractors PMU, CSC, Minh City – Vinh Long Branch Noise and vibration. construction sites during the peak hours IEMC Traffic jams, traffic Arrange staff to direct traffic on this accidents. section on peak hours during peak construction period (7h-7h30; 11h-11h30; Obstruct student’s 13h-13h30; 16h30 - 17h30) approach to the teacher Place warning and speed limit signs and Community conflict. reflective fences along the areas passing Impact on extracurricular the University. activities Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least triple times in a hot, dry day. 4. New construction of connection road between ward8 to Ward 9: No sensitive structures 5. Construction of main road No. 1: No sensitive structures 6. Construction of main road No. 2: No sensitive structures 7. Construction of infrastructure for the Resettlement Area in Ward 8: There is 01 sensitive receptors Pho Minh Pagoda Dust and emissions Do not load materials and waste within Contractors PMU, CSC, Noise, vibration. 20 m from the temple IEMC Spillage of solid waste Water the construction areas located affects the spiritual and within 100 m from the temple in hot, dry social activities of the locals day Minimise the volume of materials and Page 208 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts and Risks Responsibi Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision lity when they leave home. wastes temporarily loaded in the area and Obstruct people’s minimize the activities that generate noise approach to the Pho Minh in the 1st and 15th of Lunar month Pagoda Enforce compliance to the workers of Risk of community conduct particularly with regards to conflict. language and behaviors when present in the area near the temple Page 209 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 5.1.7. Mitigation measures in Operation Phase 5.1.7.1. Mitigation of general impacts Table 60: Mitigation plan of generic impacts during the operation phase Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts Dust and emission Regularly clean sand and soil on roads, bridges to Operation Operation Roads, bridges, reduce dust generation; management management culverts, Spraying water, washing roads at least once a day unit unit resettlement areas, in the dry season to minimize dust swept from the Local Local improvement of surface of bridges/roads; government government drainage canals Transportation vehicles must be covered to avoid material dropping on roads; Vehicles must be registered to meet the requirements issued by the State; Plant and maintain trees on both road sides to prevent dust from spreading into people’s houses along the roads Domestic wastes - Raise awareness of people and workers operating Operation Operation and wastewater WWTP of economically using water and limiting management management Resettlement site in wastes unit unit ward 8, WWTP - Arrange waste collection area in resettlement area Local Local of ward 8. Waste bins must be arranged in the government government campus of the wastewater treatment plant. - Collect daily waste and hire a functional unit for waste transportation and treatment as regulations. - At each house in the resettlement area of ward 8, it must design and build a 3-compartment septic tank. - Domestic wastewater is collected to the common drainage system of Vinh Long City and led to the wastewater treatment plant. Sludge from Dredged sludge from drainage system Operation Operation periodic dredging The management unit must ensure the budget for management management of drainage system maintenance of alleys and drainage system in the unit unit resettlement sites; Local Local Conduct periodic maintenance on Long Ho government government embankment at least once a year, especially prior to rainy season; Raise people’s awareness of environmental sanitation, discharge wastes in regulated areas to avoid blocking drainage ditches and canals in the residential areas. Equip labor proactive equipment for workers dredging sludge in manholes, drainage canals to be protected from bad smells and exhausted gases (CH4, H2S,…); Odors from drainage system The sewers must be designed as sealed system; Sanitation, cleaning road daily should take Page 210 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts consideration into the cover of drainage sewers/manholes to prevent the flow from being blocks due to wastes and things; Regularly dredge culverts to avoid accumulative and sediment of organic substances. Change in Improving people knowledge on socio-economic Operation Operation ecological land development opportunity and risks related to management management scape and land use social issues. unit unit purpose Coordinate with local authorities in management, Local Local migration and use of land on 02 sides of the roads government government and ditches. Propagandize, raise awareness of people living near the Project area about the sense of keeping environmental sanitation, ecological landscapes and protection of works. Risks and incidents Road safety during operation of road and in operation phase embankment Improving knowledge of local people on road use regulations and practices Monitoring and enforcement of driver speed and behavior. When traffic volume is high, generation of dust, exhausted gases, noise, and vibration could be an additional issue but this could be mitigated through long term planning. Risks of falling from height (into rivers, streams and drowning Design and erect fences or barrier gate at the up and down steps to the walking paths under the embankment, Build handrail for bridge Plug warning signs and install lighting system in the positions. Place warning signs at high-rise areas and bridges Take propaganda about this risk in the first operational phase for local people accustomed to this situation. Taking first aids for persons who get accidents and transporting them to the nearest hospitals and health service units. Risks of landslide and subsidence Regularly check locations at risks of landslide, subsidence (bridge abutments, embankments, positions with soft and unstable soil ground). Allocate funds for maintenance, carry out periodical maintenance. Page 211 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts Raise awareness of road users not allowed to carrying overload as stipulated. Check the works before, during and after the rainy/storm season to take appropriate corrective measures. Coordinate with authorities and people in protection of right of way. 5.1.7.2. Mitigation of specific impacts Table 61: Mitigation plan of site-specific impacts during the operation phase Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts 1. Change of the The Project Owner coordinates with local Operation Operation drainage flow, authorities, people in regularly checking the management management regime in canals status of works to timely detect the risks of unit unit landslide, erosion by the flow. Local Local Carry out periodical maintenance, arrange government government adequate budget for maintenance work. 2. Impacts from Measures to minimize impact on receiving waters Operation Operation operation of Since the combined sewers will be used, management management WWTP minimize bypass of the treatment system by unit unit providing capacity sufficient to treat peak flows. Local Local An online monitoring system is to be installed at government government the WWTP for controlling the wastewater inflow, quality of the influent and effluent at the WWTP. The quality of sample effluent from the WWTP must be analyzed once every 3 months. Treatment facilities are to be periodically checked and maintained to ensure highest performance of the system. Troubleshooting plans must be prepared to respond promptly to incidents in due time (standby generators, standby pumps, discharge incident …) in order not to disrupt the operation of the plant. Based on an assessment of risks to human health and the environment, consider re-use of treated effluent, especially in areas with limited raw water supplies. Treated wastewater quality for land application or other uses should be consistent with the relevant public health-based guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO)4 and applicable national requirements. Odor control Odor control system in the WWTP includes deodorizing tower, high-pressure ventilation fan 4 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater (2006). Page 212 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts and piping system that conveys the gases from the WWTP to the deodorizing tower. The pipeline system will collect the gases emitted from primary treatment stage (such as sewage pumping stations, garbage trap) to the sludge treatment stage (such as sludge decomposition tanks, sludge tanks, sludge belt press, etc.) and convey to deodorizing tower where ventilation fans are installed. Odor-filtering equipment are capable of oxidizing pollutants such as H2S, VOC, Ammonium, Sulfur based, Amine ... and other odorous gases into harmless substances. The treated gases then will be discharged through the air vents without causing odors. Constructing the fence surrounding the WWTP with brick 2.5m high to facilitate the operation management and contributing to minimize odor emission arising to surrounding areas. To design the green trees fence of 3m - 5m wide surroundting the WWTP, this measure will create a green landscape on the WWTP to minimize dust and odors dispersed to residential areas. Cover emission points (e.g., aeration basins, clarifiers, sludge thickeners, tanks, and channels), and vent emissions to control systems (e.g., compost beds, biofilters, chemical scrubbers, etc.) as needed to reduce odors and otherwise meet applicable national requirements and internationally accepted guidelines. The waste (sludge and domestic solid waste) will be contained in standardized containers to minimize dispersion and gases and solid waste into the environment. There will be plans to periodically test and monitor air concentrations to obtain proper evaluation and control operation processes in a logical manner. Sludge Sludge will be periodically monitored to identify any possible hazard: The quality of sludge is monitored periodically 3 months per time with heavy metal parameters are analyzed As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn according to QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT – national technical regulation on Hazardous Thresholds for Sludges from Water Treatment Process. Sludge will be compacted with gravity compactors and dewatered with gravity belt compressors. Dried mud cakes will be stored in a roofed warehouse at the sludge dewatering area. Periodically one time per month, the plant will Page 213 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts hire URENCO to transport this sludge amount way to serve the planting of urban green trees or to be dumped at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao solid waste landfill of the city. Compressed raw waste will be put in 6m3 containers. Full containers will be replaced with empty ones and disposed of at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao landfill. Land application or other beneficial re-use of the WWTP residuals should be considered but only based on an assessment of risks to human health and the environment. Quality of residuals for land application should be consistent with the relevant public health-based guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and applicable national requirements. Processing, disposal and re-use of wastewater treatment plant residuals should be consistent with applicable national requirements. URENCO will be employed to periodically dredge sludge from sewer systems and transport this sludge for disposal at Hoa Phu or Phuong Thao landfill. Transportation will be carried out by specialized tank trucks to avoid odor emission and sludge spillage along the route 3. Risks of As assessed in Chapter 3, the existing ditch can Operation Operation congestion and completely secure the reception of 15,000 m3/day management management flooding in the from the WWTP (with a water level rise by about unit unit WWTP 10cm). To prevent stormwater from over flowing Local Local into the plant, protection and drainage solutions government government have also been integrated in the design. The project proposal has also mentioned the construction of a pumping station to pump stormwater into Cai Sao Lon canal when the water level in the plant area rises high. 4. Risks of Supplement horizontal sewers with Operation Operation flooding when sizes suitable for the intensity of rain management management formation of roads and the flow of stormwater over the unit unit Project area, if necessary. Local Local Regularly check the areas at risk of government government flooding to design additional horizontal sewers (if necessary). Consult with local authorities and local authorities in the areas at risk of flooding in order to take measures to supplement sewers in time. Clear the flow at the places at risks of flooding before, during and after the rainy/storm season. Regularly carry out maintenance of works, Page 214 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts bridges and sewers. 5. Incidents from Emergency wastewater discharge in case of Operation Operation operation of WWTP failure. management management WWTP Prepare an emergency plan for incidental unit unit discharge of untreated waste water and conduct Local Local emergency training for the operators. government government Inform the residents of the incident and mitigation measures. The WWTP system includes the components of biological treatment tank, flocculation tank, biological aeration tank, and bio-filters which will be designed with the two modules running in parallel to remedy any incident when it happens, specifically: In case incidents due to breakage, damage, or leakage: Normally, a problem – if any - happens in only one module, the WWTP Company will operate the remaining module while repairing the malfunctioning one. If fixing the incident takes too much time, exceeding the storage time of work items in the system, the Company will suspend operation to solve the said incident problem. In case of incidents with devices (wastewater pumps, air blowers, ...): All the devices in the WWTP system are equipped with one backup device. Thus, if case of errors occurring with a device, the Company will make use of the standby device and have the faulty one repaired. In case of incidents caused by operation: When a problem occurs, the technical division and the operating worker will have to review all operational parameters and make adjustments in conformity with the design. In case of serious incidents, e.g. the system is unable to work and the treated wastewater fails to meet the standards of discharging treated water and pollutes the environment for a long time, the Company will report this incident to the management agency, i.e. Vinh Long Department of Natural Resources and Environment, and suspend production to fix the problem. The Company will employ an expert on wastewater treatment to make inspection and adjustments to the system. Corrective measures are to be promptly carried out for the treatment plant to be operated again in the soonest possible time. Standby generators must be always available. Broken and blocked pipeline Page 215 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Site-specific Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision impacts Consider the installation of separate sewer systems for domestic wastewater and storm water runoff in the overall planning and design of new sewerage systems. When on-site sanitation systems where excreta are mixed with water predominate, consider use of small-diameter sewerage system to collect water effluent from septic systems or interceptor tanks. Limit the sewer depth where possible (e.g., by avoiding routes under streets with heavy traffic). For shallower sewers, small inspection chambers can be used in lieu of manholes. Use appropriate locally available materials for sewer construction. Spun concrete pipes can be appropriate in some circumstances but can suffer corrosion from hydrogen sulfide if there are blockages and/or insufficient slope. Ensure sufficient hydraulic capacity to accommodate peak flows and adequate slope in gravity mains to prevent buildup of solids and hydrogen sulfide generation. Design manhole covers to withstand anticipated loads and ensure that the covers can be readily replace if broken to minimize entry of garbage and silt into the system. Equip pumping stations with a backup power supply, such as a diesel generator, to ensure uninterrupted operation during power outages, and conduct regular maintenance to minimize service interruptions. Consider redundant pump capacity in critical areas. Table 62: Mitigation plan of Cumulative Impacts Cumulative Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision Impacts Construction Phase Air quality Raise workers’ awareness of saving energy for Contractor PMU operation of machines. CSC Regularly clean the construction site. IEMC Limit the operation of machines wastefully. Machines must be turned off if not using. Do not use unqualified machines, equipment. Regularly maintain equipment. Traffic congestion Raise people’s awareness of regulations and Contractor PMU and accidents practices of road use; CSC Monitor and comply with speed and driving IEMC behaviors; Page 216 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Cumulative Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision Impacts Construction Phase Raise people’s awareness of chance on socio- economic development and risk related social issues through programs, training of the project in the area; Assign an officer to regulate the traffics in the construction area; Do not transport materials at peak hours, in early morning and late afternoon; Raise workers’ awareness of transport regulations, especially drivers. Operation Phase Quality of water Mostly the positive impacts when the works come Operation Operation and aquatic into operation, however the following measures are management management ecosystem proposed: unit unit Disseminate information and raise people’s Local Local awareness about wastewater collection and government government prohibit releasing wastes directly into nearby canals Do not encroach canal bed. The management and operation unit must regularly maintain the canals and set plan on dredging the canal bed. Biodiversity Mostly the positive impacts when the works come Operation Operation into operation, however the following measures are management management proposed: unit unit Planting trees in residential areas, on roads and Local Local wastewater treatment plant. government government Unblocking the flow, do not discharge wastes and wastewater into nearby water bodies. 5.1.8. Impact mitigation measures Table 63: Impact mitigation measures Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision Embankment of Work with local authorities to disclose Operation Operation Long Ho river information about environmental sanitation for management management local community and abandon on discharge of unit unit untreated wastes into Long Ho river and canals; Local Local Trash bins must be placed along canals, and the government government campaign of raising people’s awareness of environment must be conducted; Conduct periodic maintenance on Long Ho embankment at least once a year, especially prior to rainy season Urban main roads Planning and subdivision of functional areas on Operation Operation both roadsides. management management Page 217 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Impacts Mitigation measures Implementation Supervision Work with local authorities to disclose unit unit information about infrastructure planning in Local Local residential areas to avoid encroaching road government government corridor. Communicate with people on policies and planning of the provinces and cities, avoiding investment in land that cause disturbance to the community. Assign signs, speed limit signs that are Design wastewater and waste collection system after residential and functional areas are formed. 5.2. Roles and Responsibilities fir ESMP Implementation 5.2.1. Institutional Arrangements Contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures. These measures will be included in bidding documents and their costs are included in construction bid packages; CSC will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Related costsare included in the CSC's service contract; IEMC will be responsible for overall environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU in implementing environmentalsupervision and monitoring, and responsible for reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports. WB PMU DONRE City Sub- DONRE PMU’s Environmental Staff(s) anÄ‘ Social Staff(s) CSC Contractor Communities IEMC Figure 52: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation 5.2.2. Roles and Responsibilities Specific responsibility of stakeholders is shown in Table below. Table 64. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities Page 218 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Stakeholder Responsibilities PPC Overall responsible for environmental safeguard compliance of the Project Be responsible for monitoring the overall Project implementation, including environmental compliance. PMU will be responsibile for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the Project during the construction and operational phases: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during Project implementation; (ii) Ensure that the detailed design include all environment mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP; (iii) monitor and supervise to ensure adequate contents of ESMP are PMU incorporated into bidding and contractual documents; (iv) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (v) Repor on ESMP implementation to DONRE and the WB. PMU will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to oversee and coordinate environmental aspects of the Project. PMU will assign two Social Staffs (SS). One social staff will oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Project. The second staff will be the focal point for grievances and will also be in charge of relations with the community (i.e. street vendors). Beresponsible for monitoring the implementation of the Project ESMP. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (i) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (ii) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP and RAP monitoring and supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents PMU Environmental for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other and Social Staff(s) safeguard consultant (IEMC); (ES) (iii) provide inputs to the consultant selection process; (iv) review reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conducting periodic site checks; (vi) propose solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the Project; and (vii) prepare environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. - Assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to monitor contractor’s compliance to ESIA/ESMP. - Prepare Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit to PMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction. - Obtain all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current Contractor regulations. - Implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding documents etc. - Actively communicate with local residents and authorities and take actions to address their ESHS concernsduring construction. - Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program. Page 219 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Stakeholder Responsibilities - Report to the PMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. - Report to PMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues. - Assign a Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) - Assign a focal point for grievances - Assign qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance - The CSC will assign a social staff to oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Project; - Be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase. Construction - Assist the PMU in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the Supervision local community. Consultant (CSC) - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract. - Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities. - Provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental Independent management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings Envionmental to the Contractors on project environmental management requirements Monitoring - Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant Consultants agencies during Project implementation, carry out random field visits to (IEMC)5 certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions. - Prepare monitoring reports after each visit. Local community - Participate in volunteer community environmental and social monitoring. Monitoring compliance with the Government environmental DONRE requirements. - Monitor and inspect environmental safety assurance activities in the project area District Natural - Check and handle violations. Resources and - Guide ward/communal staff in charge of environmental management in Environment the locality. Division of Vinh - Periodically report to the Department of Natural Resources and Long City PC Environment on arising environmental issues. Coordinate with stakeholders, participate in research and inspection, and resolve arising environmental incidents. - Coordinate with relevant departments and agencies to monitor, control Environmental and resolve violations to the Environment Law. police division Handle serious violations, investigate responsibilities of related parties as well as take part in solving serious environmental incidents. 5 The social issues will be covered by the Resettlement Independent Monitoring Consultant Page 220 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Stakeholder Responsibilities Public utility - Coordinate with the PMU and the Contractor to carry out relocation of companies underground works and set up temporary connections at proposed (electricity, water crossings to ensure the continuous provision of basic services for people's supply, drainage, lives. telecommunications, Take part in dealing with related incidents (fire and explosion of electric etc.) cables, breaks of telecommunication cables, water pipe cracks, etc. 5.3. Environmental and Social Compliance Framework 5.3.1. Environmental Duties of the PMU/Detail Design Consultants During the preparation of TORs for consulting services and construction bidding documents, the Vinh Long PMU will also work closely with the consultants to ensure that: i) contract packaging and cost estimations includes ESMP implementation, including the services on independent safeguard monitoring, environmental sampling/monitoring and compliance supervision, reporting etc.; ii) ESCOPs and relevant common as well as site-specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the bidding documents; iii) environmental supervision and training are included in the scope of works assigned to the construction supervision consultant. At feasibility study/detail engineering design stage, the Vinh Long PMU shall work closely with the feasibility study consultants and detail design engineers to ensure that the greening/landscaping, environmental friendly solutions and relevant mitigation measures proposed in the ESIA/ESMP are considered and incorporated into the engineering design as appropriate. During construction phase, the Vinh Long PMU shall work closely with the supervision consultant to monitor the compliance of contractors and report to relevant authorities. The Vinh Long PMU will also direct the supervision consultant and contractors on the actions to be undertaken in case when issues are arisen, incidents or accidents etc. The Vinh Long PMU will assign at least one staff with suitable qualifications to be Environmental Officer (EO) and one staff with suitable qualification to be Social Officer (SO) throughout project implementation. - The EO will oversee environmental issues and monitor safeguard compliance of the Project. The EO will be supported by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant, the Environmetnal Officers of the construction supervision team as well as the contractors. - The SO will oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Project. The SO will be supported by the Independent Resettlement Monitoring Consultant, the social staffs of the construction supervision team/contractors. 5.3.2. Environmental and Social Duties of the Contractor The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the project construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be implemented upon completion of the works (and before issuance of the Works Acceptance Certificates). The Contractors’ duties include but not limit to: - Comply with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety; - Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions; Page 221 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Supervisors (ES) of the CSC; - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Officer (EO) Social Officer (SO) of the PMU and the ES; - In case of non-compliances/ discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental/social impacts; - Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts, upon receiving instructions from the EO and the ES. Propose and implement corrective actions and carry out alternative construction methods, if required, to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non- compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the EO and the ES. - In case the contractor proposes to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in Project ESIA, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMUs and coordinate with them in carrying out due–diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under this project. - The contractor shall be responsible for implementation of corrective measures at his costs. The contractor shall also be responsible for paying the costs of damages caused by non- compliance to ESMO and/or applicable environmental regulations. 5.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) After contract signing, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site- specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) for each contract package and submit to the CSC and PMU for review and clearance. The objective of the Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is to provide information for environmental management during the proposed works/activities on site of Vinh Long Project. This is to ensure that the Contractor (and any subcontractors) have minimal impact on the environment. The CESMP will detail how the contractor will mitigate construction impacts and documents the contractor’s response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be implemented on site to minimize any potential environmental impacts from the proposed works/activities. If the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the CESMP will be required to be modified by the Contractor to reflect these changes or modifications. The contents of the CESMP should include the followings: (i) A statement of policy, providing a definition of the Contractor’s environmental policy and an indication of commitment to the execution of its Site Environmental Management Plan. (ii) A brief document description; Date of issue; Revision status; Distribution list; and preparation personnel details and signoff. (iii) Applicable laws and regulations associated with the requirements in the Project ESMP. Identification of the contractor licenses, permits and approval associated with the CESMP. (v) Details on how the environmental and social impacts identified in the Project ESIA will be managed on site, including: 1) the site-specific measures to mitigate impacts during construction; 2) ESCOPs; 3) the Contractor ESMP to be developed after the contractor is selected and before construction starts; and 4) the Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan that the contractor is required to develop. (vii) Detailed environmental and social training that all site contractor personnel (including Page 222 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project subcontractors) are required to undertake. As a minimum all contractor personnel working at the Project sites must: i) be familiar and understand the CESMP for the works; ii) be aware of their environmental responsibilities and legal obligations on site; and iii) undertake health and safety and emergency response training. (viii) Specific capabilities, support mechanisms and resources necessary to satisfactorily implement the CESMP. Detailed environmental responsibilities of all contractor personnel including subcontractors working on site with appropriate knowledge, skills and training for specific tasks shall be identified. (ix) The contractor shall be responsible for preparing monthly environmental reports, as a section within the Progress report required in the bidding document, including accidental report if any, for submitting to the Project owner. The contents of these reports may include following details: - Implementation of the Contractor’s CESMP complying with the agreed program; - Any difficulties encountered in the implementation of the CESMP and recommendations for remedying them for the future; - The number and type of non-compliances and proposed corrective actions; - Reports from the Subcontractors involved in the implementation of the CESMP, including minutes of meetings and discussions held by the Contractor; - Minutes of meeting from discussions held with the Project owner regarding implementation of the CESMP. 5.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s)as the Contractor’s on-site safety, social and environment officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor's compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: - Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; - Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; - Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; - Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; - Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PMU and CSC - Inform the contractor and ES (of PMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; - Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 5.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) An IEMC shall be contracted PMU to provide some environmental safeguard training for PMU Page 223 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project staff and carry out environmental auditing. The IEMC shall carry out the monitoring, including: - Provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on project environmental management requirements - Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during Project implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions - Provide training for PMU and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction; - Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary); - Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation; - Review PMU and CSC compliance to ESMP. - The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU and the EO in environmental matters. 5.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC) During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PMU shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the Project are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically, ES of CSC will: - Review and assess on behalf of the PMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP, - Review and clear contractor’s SEMP; - Coordinate with PMU Environmental Officer (EO) in reviewing environmental compliance at newly proposed borrow pits and quarries and advise PMU on whether these are eligible for use by the Project; 
 - Verify and confirm with PMU environmental supervision procedures; parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; 
 - Supervise contractor’s implementation of its CESMP including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions; - Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU staff; - Implement the environmental quality sampling and prepare periodical environmental monitoring reports, including reports on ESMP implementation status to the PPMU and prepare environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and 
 - Review payment requests related to environmental mitigation costs if applicable. 5.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with general contractual condition on environmental protection and pollution control requirements in the bidding document, the Page 224 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Project ESMP, and the CESMP, but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PMU for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The CSC and PMU shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PMU accordingly. 5.3.8. Penalty System In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with the Contractor's ESMP and environmental regulations are discovered by CSC/ES/IEMC/PMU during the site supervision, 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of this month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU) to repair the violation. If the Contractor satisfactorily performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU), no penalty is incurred and the upholding money will be paid to the Contractor. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from keeping money). In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation. 5.3.9. Reporting Arrangements The Project Management Unit (PMU) is responsible for conducting internal monitoring the implementation of the RP. In addition, the PMU will hire an external monitoring agency (EMA) to undertake independent monitoring of the process of RP implementation and to assess living standard of the affected people during and after the completion of the resettlement. Both internal and external (independent) monitoring will regularly (on a monthly basis for internal and biannual basic for independent monitoring). An end-of-project evaluation on the implementation of resettlement is required and report will be prepared to confirm whether the objectives of OP 4.12 were achieved. ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in table below. Table 65. Regular Reporting Requirements Page 225 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency of Reporting 1 Contractor to the PMU Once before construction commences and Employer monthly thereafter 2 Construction Supervision PMU Weekly and monthly consultant (CSC) 4 Community PMU After each periodical monitoring 5 IEMC PMU Every six-month 6 PMU DONRE Every six-month 7 PMU WB Every six-month 5.4. Environmental and Social Monitoring Program 5.4.1. Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Construction Phase The environmental monitoring and supervision for construction phase for the entire project is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table 66: Environmental Monitoring Program - Construction Phase No Monitored items Construction phase I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1. Monitoring TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, Noise (Leq), vibration parameters Measurements taken every three-months, the first monitoring at 2. Monitoring frequency each work item will be within one month since construction commencement QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT 20 samples, of which: Sub-component 1.1: 3 samples Sub-component 1.2: 3 samples Sub-component 1.3: 3 samples 4. Monitoring positions Sub-component 2.1: 3 samples Sub-component 2.2: 3 samples Sub-component 2.3: 3 samples Sub-component 3.1: 2 samples (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) II Surface Water Quality Monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, DO, Salinity, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P- parameters PO43-, oil & grease, Coliform, Cl-, Fe, TSS Measurements taken every three-months, start as early as 2. Monitoring frequency possible after contract signing and continue during the entire construction phase Page 226 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No Monitored items Construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT 14 samples, of which: Sub-component 1.1: 2 samples Sub-component 1.2: 2 samples Sub-component 1.3: 2 samples 4. Monitoring Locations Sub-component 2.1: 2 samples Sub-component 2.2: 2 samples Sub-component 2.3: 2 samples Sub-component 3.1: 2 samples (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) III Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, N-NH4, N-NO3, P-PO4, oil & grease, parameters Coliforms Measurements taken every three-months start as early as 2.Monitoring frequency possible after contract signing and continue during the entire construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT 10 samples, of which: Sub-component 1.1: 2 samples Sub-component 1.2: 2 samples Sub-component 1.3: 2 samples Sub-component 2.1: 1 samples 4. Monitoring Locations Sub-component 2.2: 1 samples Sub-component 2.3: 1 samples Sub-component 3.1: 1 samples Remark: wastewater after treatment from worker's camps (if any) (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) IV Sediments on the canals 1. Monitoring Salinity, heavy metal (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) parameters Measurements taken every three-months start as early as 2. Monitoring frequency possible after contract signing and continue during the entire construction phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT; QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT 6 samples Sub-component 1.1: 2 samples 4. Monitoring positions Sub-component 1.2: 2 samples Sub-component 1.3: 2 samples (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) 5.4.2. Scope of Environmental Monitoring in Operation phase Page 227 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project The environmental monitoring and supervision for operation phase for WWTP is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table 67: Environmental monitoring Program operation phase No Monitored items WWTP operation I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1. Monitoring Odor, TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, H2S, CH4, Noise (Leq) parameters 2. Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT 4 samples, including: 2 samples in the factory of WWTP; 4. Monitoring positions 2 samples in the nearest residential area toward the end of the main wind direction (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix) II Surface Water Quality Monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, DO, Salinity, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P- parameters PO43-, oil & grease, Coliform, Cl-, Fe, TSS 2. Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column B1 3 samples: 01 sample at the discharge point, 01 sample - 100m from the upstream; 01 sample - 50 - 100 m from the 4. Monitoring positions downstream) (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix) III Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD5, COD, H2S, N-NH4, N-NO3, P-PO4, oil & grease, parameters Coliforms, TSS 2.Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, column B 2 samples: 01 sample before treatment and 01 sample after 4. Position monitoring treatment (Sampling locations are presented in Appendix) 5.5. Training and Capacity Building 5.5.1. Current PMU’s Capacity on Environmental and Social Management The PMU has limited environmental and social management capacity as existing staff do not have experience in projects applying ESF. Meanwhile, while at the same time they are also managing a Bank-financed SUUP Project which has to comply with the Safeguard Policies. Therefore, there is a risk that the resources allocated for managing environmental and social issues of this Project may not be adequate, affecting the environmental Page 228 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project performance/compliance to the ESSs of both projects. However, there is also an opportunity to encourage to hire qualified ES staff and pool resources for various projects. Although the PMU participated in a two-day ESF training organized by the World Bank in December 2019, its E&S capacty assessment conducted during project preparation revealed the need for further capacity builing in specific ESSs during project implementaiton. So that, currently PMU staffs have limited knowledge on WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such gaps will be addressed through capacity building program as part of the ESMP. 5.5.2. Safeguard Capacity Building Program The Table below provides a typical training program on safeguard requirements. Training programs will be developed and implemented by IEMC team in coordination with the CSC Environmental and Social Officer. - Trainee groups: the PMU staff, the ESO department staff, the field engineers (FE), construction supervision consultants (CSC), the contractors, representatives of relevant stakeholders and local communities in the project area. The contractors take the responsibility for training workers and drivers. - Training Schedule: Training will be given at least one month before performing the first construction contract. Subsequent training sessions can be modified to suit the construction schedule for project components. - Frequency of training: The basic training programs given in the table below will be provided every 6 months annually, and the contents will be updated and tailored to items to be implemented. Training programs for PMU staff are expected to continue in the first years of the Project. Three-day training for CSC and contractors is also planned to take place twice a year for at least 2 years. Table 68: Advanced Environmental/Social Training Program I. Subjects PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT Training course Environmental/social monitoring and reporting Participants Staff in charge of environmental and social issues; environmental managers Training frequency Immediately after the project becomes valid effective, but at least one month prior to the first bid package. The next training will be planned on demand. Duration One day Content Project-related general environmental/social management including the request from World Bank, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, in collaboration with competent authorities and concerned stakeholders; Environmental monitoring for the Project includes: Requirements of environmental/social monitoring; Monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures; Guiding and monitoring contractors, CSC and community representatives in the implementation of environmental monitoring; Forms used in environmental monitoring processes; Reaction and risk control; Guiding and monitoring contractors, CSC on management of grievances Manner of receiving and submit forms; Other issues to be determined. Responsibility With the help of the Technical Assistance Team, the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and PMU implement safety policies. Page 229 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project II. Subjects CSC, CONTRACTORS, REPRESENTATIVESOF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (WARDS/COMMUNES), COMMUNITIES Training course Implementation of mitigation measures Participants CSC; construction engineers, site construction field manager. Staff in charge of environment and social issues, the contractor; representatives of local authorities; representatives of urban groups (i.e. street vendors) Training frequency Shortly after awarding contracts to the contractors with updates on demand Duration Two-day training for CSC and contractors, and one-day training for others Content Overview of the overall environmental/social monitoring; Requirements of environmental/social monitoring; The roles and responsibility of the contractors and CSC; The content and method of environmental monitoring; Reaction and risk control; Introducing monitoring forms and instructing on filling out forms and reporting incidents; Information on the Grievance Redress Mechanism. Other issues to be determined Preparing and submitting reports Responsibility With the help of technical assistance teams, PMU, the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) implement safety policies. III. Subjects COMMUNITIES/ WORKERS Training course Safety and environmental sanitation Participants Representatives of workers (team leaders) working directly for the project components Training frequency As appropriate Duration One day of presentation and one day of on-site presentation Content Brief presentation on safety issues and overview on the environment; Key issues requiring the attention of the community and construction workers to mitigating safety risks (land roads, waterways, equipment, machinery, etc.) as well as reducing pollution (dust, exhaust gases, oil spills, waste management, etc.); Management of safety and environmental sanitation on site and at workers’ camps; Mitigation measures applied on site and camps; Safety measures for electricity, mechanical engineering, transportation, air pollution; Methods of dealing with emergency situations; The rights and responsibilities of environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring form Measures to mitigate the social impact and monitoring implementation Other issues to be determined Responsibility Contractors, PMU with the assistance of IEMC 5.6. Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation 5.6.1. Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program According to the unit price of environmental monitoring in the locality, the estimated cost for environmental quality monitoring of the project is stated in the table below: Table 69: Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis Page 230 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sub-Total Nums of Price (VND) Quantity No Works Unit monitoring (1 USD = 23,500 VNÄ?) period per time VND VND USD I Construction phase 1 Subcomponent 1.1 a Air, noise sample 8 3 3,000,000 72,000,000 3,064 b Surface Water sample 8 2 3,500,000 56,000,000 2,383 c Wastewater sample 8 2 2,500,000 40,000,000 1,702 d Soil/sediments sample 8 2 1,500,000 24,000,000 1,021 2 Subcomponent 1.2 - 0 a Air, noise sample 8 3 3,000,000 72,000,000 3,064 b Surface Water sample 8 2 3,500,000 56,000,000 2,383 c Wastewater sample 8 2 2,500,000 40,000,000 1,702 d Soil/sediments sample 8 2 1,500,000 24,000,000 1,021 3 Subcomponent 1.3 a Air, noise sample 8 3 3,000,000 72,000,000 3,064 b Surface Water sample 8 2 3,500,000 56,000,000 2,383 c Wastewater sample 8 2 2,500,000 40,000,000 1,702 d Soil/sediments sample 8 2 1,500,000 24,000,000 1,021 4 Subcomponent 2.1 a Air, noise sample 6 3 3,000,000 72,000,000 3,064 b Surface Water sample 6 2 3,500,000 42,000,000 1,787 c Wastewater sample 6 1 2,500,000 15,000,000 638 5 Subcomponent 2.2 a Air, noise sample 6 3 3,000,000 54,000,000 2,298 b Surface Water sample 6 2 3,500,000 42,000,000 1,787 c Wastewater sample 6 1 2,500,000 15,000,000 638 6 Subcomponent 2.3 a Air, noise sample 6 3 3,000,000 54,000,000 2,298 b Surface Water sample 6 2 3,500,000 42,000,000 1,787 c Wastewater sample 6 1 2,500,000 15,000,000 638 Subcomponent 3.1- 7 Resettlement site a Air, noise sample 5 2 3,000,000 30,000,000 1,277 b Surface Water sample 5 2 3,500,000 35,000,000 1,489 c Wastewater sample 5 1 2,500,000 12,500,000 532 8 Preparing report Report 20 1 10,000,000 200,000,000 8,511 II WWTP Operation a Air, noise, odor sample 4 4 3,000,000 48,000,000 2,043 b Surface Water sample 4 3 3,500,000 42,000,000 1,787 Page 231 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Sub-Total Nums of Price (VND) Quantity No Works Unit monitoring (1 USD = 23,500 VNÄ?) period per time VND VND USD c Wastewater sample 4 2 2,500,000 20,000,000 851 d Sludge sample 4 2 1,500,000 12,000,000 511 Preparing report Report 4 1 10,000,000 40,000,000 1,702 TOTAL 1,294,500,000 55,085 5.6.2. Estimated cost for IEMC Estimated cost for IEMC is presented in the table below: Table 70: Estimated Costs of IEMC (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 23,500 VND) Unit price Sub-total Sub-total No Content Unit Amount (VND) (VND) (USD) person- 1 Experts ’salary 60 30,000,000 1,800,000,000 month 76,596 Accommodation, 2 person-day 300 600,000 180,000,000 expenses for business trip 7,660 3 Travel expenses Trip/ person 100 5,000,000 500,000,000 21,277 Office and 4 month 60 3,000,000 180,000,000 communication 76,60 Total 2,660,000,000 113,191 5.6.3. Estimated Costs for Training Program Estimated cost for training program on environmental/social monitoring management capacity is presented in the table below: Table 71: Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 23,500 VND) Training Quantit Price Total Trainee Unit content y VND VND USD A. Capacity building programs on safeguard policies (trained by IEMC) I. Environmental monitoring and reporting Staff in charge of PMU environmental issues; course 4 10,000,000 40,000,000 1,702 environmental managers II. Implementation of mitigation measures Total work CSC; Construction 12,766 course 30 10,000,000 300,000,000 items engineers, site manager III. Safety and environmental sanitation Total work Representatives of 3,405 course 16 5,000,000 80,000,000 imtems workers Sub-total (A) 420,000,000 17,872 Page 232 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Training Quantit Price Total Trainee Unit content y VND VND USD B. HIV /Aids and GBV training (done by CSC) Total work Workers, CSC team and 200,000,000 8,511 imtems PMU staff course 10 20,000,000 Sub-total (B) 200,000,000 8,511 Total: (A)+(B) 620,000,000 26,383 5.6.4. Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation The following table provides a cost estimate for the implementation of environmental management plan (ESMP). The cost of ESMP6 implementation will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (iv) the costs of environmental quality monitoring, (v) the cost of safety management for the PMU, including both technical assistance in implementing safety policies and training programs. The costs of implementing mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts, while the costs for a site-specific environmental monitoring plan (SEMP) by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) will be provided in construction supervision contracts. The costs of the PMU operations relating to EMP are allocated from the project management budget of the PMU, including safety training programs, and basic allowances to participants in the monitoring programs. After the project has been completed, the costs of environmental monitoring of constructed works will be taken from the operation and maintenance budget of the city. It should be noted that the involvement of the community in the process of ESMP implementation is completely voluntary participation for the benefit of own community and households. The following Table below provides the estimated costs for environmental quality monitoring and IEMC (in accordance with national practices) for reference purposes. However, final costs will be updated in the detailed design phase. Table 72: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation Items of the project Content VND USD (a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract (b) Monitoring safeguard compliance As a part of the cost for Construction Supervision during construction Consulting (CSC) (c) Running cost of PMU social and As part of the costs for the PMU environmental units (d) Environmental quality monitoring 1,294,500,000 55,085 (done by CSC) (e) Independent environmental monitoring 2,660,000,000 113,191 consulting (IEMC) (f) Safeguard Capacity building programs 420,000,000 17,872 (done by IEMC) 6 Excluding costs for RP implementation and independent monitoring the performance of RP/EMP Page 233 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Items of the project Content VND USD (g) HIV /Aids and GBV Training (done by 200,000,000 8,511 CSC) Note: The costs for Independent Monitoring Agency for resettlement and social issues will be covered under the Resettlement Plans to be prepared. 5.7. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the project, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PMU, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and safety issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement. During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the project. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. The contractors should indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in project safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows: - Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. - In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safegua rd staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: - The date and time of the complaint. - The name, address and contact details of the complainant. - A short description of the complaint. - Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. - The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. Page 234 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project - The final resolution of the complaint. - The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. - The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in the below. Table 73: Grievance Redress Mechanism First Stage – PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the office Ward/Commune of the Ward/Commune People’s Committee. W/C PC will receive the People’s Committee complaints and will notify the W/C PC leaders of the complaint. The (WPC): Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint. Second Stage – After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved City/District People’s person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the aggrieved Committee (C/DPC): person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People’s Committee. The City/District People’s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People’s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC’s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish. Third Stage – Provincial After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the City/District PC, People’s Committee): or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People’s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People’s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish Final Stage - Courts of After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial PC, Law: if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision. Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the city/district level. Page 235 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed project may submit complaints to the available project-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to address project- related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the project may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org. Page 236 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Summary of pubic consultation process The World Bank's policy on Environmental and Social Standards No.5 (ESS5) and Environmental and Social Standards No.10 (ESS10) require consultation and notification to affected people and local authority on social and environmental issues during project preparation. Public consultation for ESIA report must also comply with the requirements of Decree 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 and Circular No.40/2019/TT-BTNMT dated May 13, 2019 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. Public consultation is conducted with the purpose of: (i) sharing information about the project's items and expected activities with the project area community and stakeholders; and (ii) Collecting comments and concerns about local characteristics and environmental sensitive issues in the project area from the government and local communities. On that basis, public concerns can be proposed in the Social Environmental Assessment Report and project solutions. 6.2. Results of public consultation 6.3. Consultation with People’s Committee of wards and communes Consultations with People's Committees of wards/communes were conducted from 8 to 15, January 2020 on the following contents: - Introduce an overview of the project, identify the area/residential group in the project area. - Introduce the World Bank's safeguard policies on environment and resettlement. - Current status of environmental sanitation in the wards and outstanding issues. - Solutions from the community to mitigate the environmental impacts and associations in the process of project implementation. - Comments on the construction of works. Public consultation was conducted at the People's Committee of Vinh Long City and in the wards/communes in the project area. Time and contents of the consultation are presented in the following table: Page 237 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Table 74: The results of the public consultation No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female - Representative of Vinh - This is an important project of the province, Thanks for the attention of all levels and Long City People's helping Vinh Long city in particular and branches to the project. The Project Committee Vinh Long province in general develop Owner will coordinate with the infrastructure, ensure environmental departments to build the project that - Representative: sanitation and improve living standards for brings maximum benefits to the local Department of Natural people in urban areas. Therefore, the people. Vinh Long Resources and City PC and project implementation is regarded as the Environment, local socio-political task. relevant 1 department 32 25 - Representative of Department of Finance; (9h00- 08/01) - Representative of Department of Planning and Investment; - Local authorities will create favorable The Project Owner will quickly prepare - Representative of conditions for the project to be procedures and documents for the Department of Justice; implemented smoothly; project to be implemented as soon as - Representative of City possible. Page 238 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female Land Fund - Departments contribute ideas to build a The reports will be sent to the Development Center; successful project; The Department of departments and agencies for comments - Representative of local Natural Resources and Environment and before submitting to obtain approval authorities and mass the Land Fund Development Center from the Provincial People's Committee organizations: Farmer's monitor and contribute to the project's and the World Bank. Union, Women's social safeguard reports. Union, Youth Union, Fatherland Front, ... - Representative of PMU; - Safeguard policy consultant. - Representative of The project recognizes the contributions - Local authorities and people completely PMU; and support of local authorities to the support the project; - Safeguard policy project; Ward 1 consultant’s The implementation of the project can 2 (8h00- 14 10 representative - Currently, waste water is an outstanding solve local environmental problems. 10/01) - Representative of problem for the ward. The the wastewater The project, with the support of local People's Committee of collection and treatment system project was authorities and people, will soon wards/communes; strongly supported; accelerate the implementation of the - Heads of residential project. Page 239 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female groups; The project will have a practical - Engineers calculate and design a - Representative of local assessment and make optimal plans to reasonable collection option of wastewater organizations maximize benefits and limit the impacts from households, without affecting the on people's assets and avoid affecting structure of people's houses; the environment. The project acknowledges comments - Items invested in ward 2 include: (i) and will fully implement the policies of Construction of urban water drainage the Government and Donor to ensure systems; (ii) Establishing wastewater benefits for the people. collection and treatment system. These 2 urgent items are invested in the ward. - Representative of PMU; - At present, the ward's drainage system This problem will be solved when the - Safeguard policy faces many difficulties due to degradation drainage and wastewater collection consultant’s and inconsistent investment. Stagnant systems under the project that are put representative wastewater is not collected, especially in into operation. Ward 2 the rainy season, causing environmental - Representative of 3 (14h00- 8 7 pollution and affecting people's health and People's Committee of 15/01) daily life; wards/communes; - Heads of residential groups; - During the construction process, a good During the construction process, the - Representative of local drainage system is required to avoid floods PMU and the contractor will closely organizations when it rains; coordinate with the local authorities on the construction plan, supervision ... - The PMU and the actual survey design During the construction process, the consultant offer the optimal option to avoid Contractors will be strictly supervised affecting the houses and property of the by PMU, construction supervisor and local people; Independent supervisor. Therefore, the quality of the construction will be Page 240 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female guaranteed. The project owner will comply with the policies of the Government and the - All assets of affected people are adequately Donor to ensure benefits for the people. compensated and paid one time before Compensation policies will be construction; developed specifically presented in the project's RAP report during FS preparation. During the construction phase, the - Construction contractors give priority to Contractors will prioritize the recruiting local labor, making weekly recruitment of local labor for simple construction plan and giving 2 weeks in jobs. This will be specified in the advance notice to the local people. bidding terms. The project thanked the support of the - Representative of - Everyone agreed to support the project and local government and local people, fully PMU; create favorable conditions for the project agreed and acknowledged their which - Safeguard policy to be implemented smoothly; will be incorporated in the project consultant’s documents; representative - 02 items invested (i) Construction of urban During the project implementation, the Ward 3 - Representative of drainage system; (ii) Construction of contractor will be under the supervision 4 (8h00- 14 08 People's Committee of wastewater collection and treatment of the PMU, construction supervisor and 10/01) wards/communes; system. These two items will solve the independent supervisor, and other - Heads of residential problems of inadequate infrastructure of relevant functional agencies. groups; the ward; - Representative of local - Agreed with the impacts and mitigation organizations measures provided by the consultant in the project's EISA report; Page 241 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female - PMU should closely monitor contractors in Contractors shall take all responsibilities order that they will strictly comply with for remediation and compensation for measures to minimize environmental environmental incidents arising during pollution and social impacts; the construction. - If environmental incidents occur, Contractors shall take all responsibilities contractors must notify competent agencies for remediation and compensation for and local authorities for timely handling environmental incidents arising during and make compensation. the construction. The project thanked the support of the - Agreed with the project’s resettlement local government and local people, fully policy. It requires being public and agreed and acknowledged their which transparent. will be incorporated in the project documents; - The authorities and local people thanked All comments were received and will be the attention of the city government and the incorporated into the project documents; - Representative of PMU for investing in construction of PMU; infrastructure for the ward. Everyone - Safeguard policy agreed to support the project and expected consultant’s that the project will be implemented soon; representative Ward 4 - The investment items are located in ward 4 The contractor will implement - Representative of including: (i) Urban drainage system; (ii) preventive and mitigation measures 5 (14h00- 22 17 People's Committee of Construction of wastewater collection and corresponding to each construction 15/01) wards/communes; treatment system; (iii) Flood control in method. - Heads of residential urban core areas. These are necessary for groups; the socio-economic development and - Representative of local imprvement of environmental sanitation, organizations quality of life for local people; - The items have solved well the existing problems of environmental sanitation in the Page 242 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female locality; - During construction process, the The contractor will implement Contractor should strictly follow measures preventive and mitigation measures to prevent and minimize adverse impacts corresponding to each construction on the environment, life and activities of method. local people as stated in the project's EISA report; - PMU shall be responsible for closely The contractor shall be under the monitoring not to cause environmental supervision of the PMU, Construction incidents that affect the lives of local Supervisor and independent supervisor people. during the construction process. - Items invested in ward 5 include: (i) Urban Thanks for the support of the local - Representative of drainage system; (ii) Construction of government and people. Their all PMU; wastewater collection and treatment comments were receveived; - Safeguard policy system; (iii) Flood control in urban core consultant’s areas. Meeting the needs of local representative infrastructure construction. Therefore, the Ward 5 Government and local people fully support - Representative of 6 (8h00- 13 9 the project and create favorable conditions People's Committee of 14/01) wards/communes; for the project to be implemented smoothly in the area; - Heads of residential groups; The project strictly complies with the - Representative of local - The project complies with general policies general policies of the Vietnamese State organizations of the Government and Donor; and the Donor (World Bank), ensuring the rights for the local people. Page 243 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female The project will commit to recruiting - The Project Owner selects a qualified quality contractors, ensuring that the contractor to ensure the construction project progresses as well as the quality quality and progress; of the project. - Agreed with the project's Environmental The project receives comments from and Social Impact Assessment reports on local authorities and people and thanks the expected impacts and mitigation to their support; measures. During the project implementation, it is necessary to strictly implement such mitigation measures. - Ward 8 is invested in items including: (i) The project receives comments from Construction of wastewater collection and local authorities and people and thanks treatment system; (ii) Construction of to their support; resettlement area for the project; (iii) Main road No.1; (iv) Road connecting ward 8 and 9. The resettlement area is planned to be Ward 8 built in Ward 8 and it is expected that 7 (8h00- 14 13 - more than 400 households from the 13/01) affected wards will be relocated to - The reception of a large number of people resettlement area. However, local from affected wards will also cause some authorities and people should not worry difficulties for management work, as well much about population pressure on as create a burden on facilities; infrastructure because the Resettlement Area will be built with all accompanied utilities such as kindergartens, health stations ... During the implementation of the project, the PMU, consultants and Page 244 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female the City Government will create favorable conditions to support ward 8. - The assessment of environmental and The contractor will give priority to social impacts of the project is quite recruiting local workers for simple jobs. adequate. It should be followed strictly in This will be specified in the bidding the implementation process; documents. - PMU cooperates with local authorities in The Project Owner receives input from the process of construction supervision; local authorities and people. promptly notify the authorities and people The project will also strictly follow the of the construction plan 2 weeks in mitigation measures outlined in the advance; report. The contractor will give priority to - Support local laborers to work for the recruiting local workers for simple jobs project. that do not require engineering. This will be specified in the bidding documents. - Representative of - Local people and authorities fully support The project thanked local people and PMU; the project. In ward 9, two items are authorities for their support and invested: (i) Construction of wastewater suggestions; The project will receive - Safeguard policy Ward 9 collection and treatment system and (ii) comments and make explanations as consultant’s Road connecting ward 8 and ward 9. follows: 8 (14h00- 22 09 representative 13/01) - Representative of The project will strictly follow the - Investment items in Ward 9 are important general policies of the Vietnamese State People's Committee of for socio-economic development and and the Donor; wards/communes; improvement of environmental sanitation; - Heads of residential Page 245 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female groups; The supervision mechanism is strict and - Representative of local - During the project implementation process, there will be supervision from PMU; organizations it is necessary to strictly implement the construction supervision and project's safeguard policies. There is a close independent supervision. There is also monitoring mechanism; the supervision of other competent authorities. The Project Owner will commit to - PMU selects qualified contractors for quick recruiting quality contractors to ensure construction and ensuring project quality; the project's progress as well as the quality of the project. The project owner will strictly follow the general policies of the Vietnamese State and the Donors. - Implementing measures to minimize social The monitoring mechanism for and environmental impacts as stated. compliance with the mitigation measures stated in the project report will be coordinated by the parties: independent supervisors, PMU and donor. During the implementation of the - Establishing a community supervision project, a community supervision board board which is composed of local officials will be established composing of local and affected people. officials and affected people. Tan Ngai - Vo Van Kiet extended road has been The project thanks the support and - Representative of commune constructed in commune that helps connect suggestions of local government and PMU; 9 11 08 the traffic of Tan Ngai commune with local people and receive their all (9h00- - Safeguard policy adjacent wards/communes. comments. 15/01) consultant’s - Everyone agreed to support the project Page 246 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project No. Stakeholder Number of Composition Results of discussion Project Owner’s feedback participants Male Female representative implementation and create favorable - Representative of conditions for the project to be People's Committee of implemented smoothly; wards/communes; - Heads of residential The site clearance of the project will groups; comply with the Government's policies, - Representative of local the donor's regulations and the project's organizations - Site clearance work will be carried out own policy (Resettlement Policy smoothly if the policies of the Government Framework and Resettlement Action and the Donor are strictly followed; Plan), ensure maximum benefits for the people. All impacts on land and property of the people are compensated at replacement cost. The project will strictly follow the - During the construction process, measures mitigation measures mentioned above to to minimize impacts on the environment, minmize the impact on people's life and activities and health of the people shall be health under the supervision of implemented; independent supervisors, PMU and the Donor. The project will ensure the maximum - All impacts on local people are adequately benefits of the people. All impacts on compensated. land and property of the people are compensated at replacement cost. Note: Public and stakeholder consultation will continue to be carried out under the project's "Stakeholder Engatement Plan" (SEP), especially during the FS preparation stage. Page 247 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project SOME PICTURES ABOUT CONSULTANCY Meeting in Ward 1 Meeting in Ward 2 Meeting in Ward 3 Meeting in Ward 4 Meeting in Ward 5 Meeting in Ward 8 Page 248 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project Meeting in Vinh Long city Meeting in Ward 9 Page 249 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project 6.4. Infomtion disclosure The first draft ESIA in Vietnamese was published in wards/communes within the project area, at the People's Committee of Vinh Long City and the PMU on Feb 20, 2020 for public consultation. Based on the contents of ESIA, local people can get information of the Project and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues. The final draft ESMP in Vietnamese will be published in wards/communes within the project area, at Vinh Long City People's Committee and PMU on March, 2020 for public consultation. The final draft ESMP in English will be disclosed on the World Bank's internal and external websites in March 2020. Page 250 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The proposed project is expected to bring about significant positive impacts such as improving urban environmental sanitation and landscape, enhancing access for the project area thus contributing to sustainable socioeconomic development in the Project area. Most of these positive impacts are expected to be achieved during the operation phase of the Project. On the other hand, some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks may also happen during the construction and operation of the facilities provided under the Project. These include increased dust, noise and gas emission, vibrations, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, surface water quality reduction, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, irrigation etc.) and disruption of related services increased localized flooding/sedimentation and erosion risks, health and safety issues for the public and the workers etc. These impacts are predicted to be at low to moderate level, and manageable through the environmental and social management plan proposed for this project. Therefore, the Project should be implemented. Page 251 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Vinh Long Urban Development and Climate Resilience Project APPENDIX Page 252