Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Weather Surveillance Radar Regional Meteorological Center Punjab Lahore Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Executive Summary Exposure to hydrological and meteorological (hydromet) hazards including storms, floods, and droughts has caused tremendous damage to the economy of Pakistan. The country suffered a loss of US$18 billion between 2005 and 2014 (US$10.5 billion from the 2010 floods alone), equivalent to around 6 percent of the federal budget. Ranked among 7th on the climate risk index, the severity of these hazards is likely to be exacerbated due to climate change. Annual average flood damages are projected to increase five-fold by 2030.1 In addition, these extreme weather events create vulnerabilities in major natural asset-based sectors like agriculture, forestry, livestock, food security and water. Agriculture sector being severely exposed to climate and weather-related risks that accounts for 95 percent of total national water use. To maximize the economic value of its relatively scarce water resources, Pakistan needs to greatly improve water management. Climate-resilient development also requires stronger institutions and a higher level of observation, forecasting, and service delivery capacity; these could make a significant contribution to safety, security, and economic well-being.2 Pakistan Hydro-meteorological and DRM Services Project is initiated to strengthen the delivery of reliable and timely hydro-meteorological and disaster risk management services to user departments and communities. Co-financed by the World Bank and Government of Pakistan, the project beneficiaries include people who are at risk from climate, weather and water-related disasters and line departments. Installation of a Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) is part of a greater effort to improve the hydro-meteorological infrastructure. An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to assess the impacts of the project on environmental and social environment and propose the mitigation measures. This document provides the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for installation of the WSR, consistent with the identified requirement of the ESMF. Description of Sub-Project Installation of the Weather Surveillance Radar is proposed under sub-component 1.2.A: ‘Technical modernization of the observation networks’. With an aim to upgrade the observation infrastructure, data management systems and forecasting, the sub-project proponent is the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). The sub-project scope includes installation of a Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR), Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and Wind Profiler at the premises of the existing Flood Forecasting Division, Regional Meteorological Center at Jail Road Lahore. The sub-project aims to upgrade the observation infrastructure, data management systems and forecasting thus enabling delivery of hydro- meteorological information services and early warnings. In particular, it will extend the forecasting for flash floods, analysis and service delivery capabilities to provide guidance to agriculture, water resources and irrigation, disaster risk management, media, civil aviation, health and energy. It is expected to help in reduction of economic losses caused by floods and droughts especially in most vulnerable southern Punjab and supplement the efficiency of 1 http://floods.wri.org/#/country/170/Pakistan 2Upgrading all hydro-meteorological information and early-warning systems in developing countries has been estimated to have the potential to save 23,000 lives annually and provide US$3–30 billion per year in economic benefits—see Hallegatte (2012). “A Cost Effective Solution to Reduce Disaster Losses in Developing Countries: Hydro-meteorological Services, Early Warning, and Evacuation.â€? Policy Research Working Paper 6058, World Bank, Washington, DC. Executive Summary Page | i ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services disaster risk management and food security interventions due to enhanced preparedness of targeted vulnerable communities. Regulatory Framework Punjab Environmental Protection Act applicable for Lahore along with the NEQS and guidelines for Environmental and Social Assessment have been used for the sub-project. In addition, applicable national and provincial laws have also been taken into consideration while formulating the ESMP. World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment is applicable to this sub-project. Moreover the applicable World Bank Environmental Code of Practices has been referred to in the ESMP to enable environmental protection and social safety. OP 4.12 has been triggered for the overall project but is not relevant for this subproject as there is no land acquisition or displacement involved. Assessment of Environmental and Social Baselines The environmental baseline of the sub-project location and surroundings has been collected using field surveys and literature review. The sub-project site is entirely surrounded by built- up area including small businesses, houses and educational institutes in Lahore. Assessment of baselines reveal that the noise levels, air quality and ground water quality of the site are well within the limits defined by NEQS and World Bank guidelines. Topography of the sub-project area is plain with no land features that may be impacted by construction. Lahore has distinct seasons marked by wide variation in temperature with hot summers, spring and mild winters. Mean maximum and minimum temperature range between 42.4 ºC and 5.9 ºC . The surface water drain closest to the sub-project site in Lahore is Shadman 14/A at a distance of 1km and Lahore Canal at a distance of 1.5 km from. The ground water quality at the sub-project site is within the limits of WHO and NEQS. Atmospheric pollution, particularly in urban areas of Lahore, has a strong impact on daily life. Air quality results reveal higher concentration of particulate matter exceeding WHO standards but within NEQS. As climate of Lahore is semi- arid and subtropical, the vegetation of the area falls under scrub, dry, tropical thorn forest type as per phyto-geographical classification of the area. Due to the extensive urbanization of the area and construction all around it, there is absence of wildlife near the sub-project location. No wildlife sanctuary or Game Reserve is located in the vicinity of the study area. Domestic animals, small mammals and birds can be encountered various parts of Lahore. According to the 2017 population census, the population of Lahore is approximately 11.5 million with a literacy rate of 64%. The sub-project site is surrounded by a number of educational institutions that include Lahore College for Women, Kinnaird College and APWA College. The health care of Lahore is better in comparison with other districts of Punjab. A network of government hospitals and basic health units is operational with Services Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology in close vicinity of the sub-project site. In addition, there are a number of private hospital and clinics on the main access road to the site. The nearest health care facility to reach in case of emergency is Services Hospital at a distance of 500 meters. Stakeholder Consultations and Disclosure Consultations were carried out with primary stakeholder within the vicinity of the sub-project site and with PMD. The major concerns raised were regarding emissions, noise, waste and increase in traffic congestion from the construction site. Similarly, electromagnetic field from the sub-project site is also a major concern for the residing population. In order to address the concerns, a traffic management plan along with solid waste and emission controls is proposed in the mitigation measures. EMF monitoring is proposed and design changes with increase in Executive Summary Page | ii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services tower height are included. A third party testing of EMF, air, water and noise in compliance with NEQS and World Bank requirements is also made part of the mitigation measures. Overall stakeholders provided a positive feedback in support of the sub-project. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Detailed assessment of potential impacts associated with the sub-project on environmental and social receptors is carried out for design, construction and operation phase. Mitigation measures have been proposed for associated impacts. Implementation is ensured through Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) along with a checklist of monitoring of, and for, construction contractor and PMD. Design phase mitigations such as identification and preparation of energy and water conservation, emissions, solid waste and traffic management plans are included to address the adverse environmental impacts at an early stage. Building Codes of Pakistan with seismic provision for Zone 2 and international best practices are proposed to avoid damage caused by earthquakes. International design guidelines for flood protection are simulated to avoid damages in case of monsoon flooding. The major potential adverse impacts associated with construction of the WSR are localized and temporary in nature and related to the soil, noise, air quality, solid waste, increased resource consumption, labor health and safety. Soil erosion and contamination by run-off from construction activities will be avoided through proper storage of construction materials and proper disposal of contaminated soil. There may also be an impact on air quality from dust and exhaust emissions from soil excavation and movement of heavy vehicles, which will be mitigated by following an Emissions Monitoring Plan. Debris and waste from construction activities may increase the sediment loads into the drainage channels, while accidental leaks/spills of oil/fuel from storage tanks or maintenance vehicles can also pollute surface waters. A Debris Management Plan and proper storage and disposal of construction materials will manage these impacts. Improper waste disposal from the construction site can lead to various public health concerns including worsened air quality due to waste burning, breeding grounds for vectors, and/or clogging of drains and pollution of subsurface water. A robust Solid Waste Management Plan is included for construction material as well as for domestic waste. Workers Health and Safety Plan will be prepared for labor, in order to safeguard them from any adverse impacts while handling heavy machinery and toxic material (if any). Construction activities and increased traffic of heavy vehicles may impact public safety of surrounding communities. Mitigation measures including signage for road safety, training of construction staff and alternative routes are proposed during construction phase. The potential impacts of electromagnetic field from the tower are address through increase in tower height to avoid radiation towards ground. Increased consumption of energy and water during construction and operation phase will be managed by including resource efficient building designs and training construction staff on efficient use of water. A training plan for the construction contractors, consultants, PMD and associated staff is defined to ensure that everyone working on the sub-project is acquired with required assistance to implement the ESMP in the field. Budgetary provision of the ESMP is calculated at PKR 5.8 million to meet the mitigation, training and monitoring requirements of the ESMP. Institutional Arrangements The implementation of the ESMP will fall under the overall supervision of the Project Director of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), housed in the PMD. The PIU will be responsible for the implementation, monitoring and reporting of the ESMP through the Environment and Social Safeguards Specialists. The Project Management and Implementation Consultant (PMIC) will be responsible for ensuring ESMP requirements are being followed by the Executive Summary Page | iii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services construction contractor and provide support. The construction contractor will be responsible to implement the mitigation measures on ground, and a Contractor ESMMP will be a part of the contract. PMD through independent service providers will initiate the environmental monitoring of air, water and soil to monitor and report compliance. Detailed roles and responsibilities of the project implementation in accordance with ESMP are defined. ESMP monitoring checklist will be used by PIU, PMIC and Construction Contractor to monitor the ESMP compliance. PMIC will provide monthly monitoring reports to the Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists in the PIU. Monthly reports by the Specialists will be shared with the Project Director. Bi-Annual progress reports will be shared by the PIU with the World Bank. An annual Third Party Validation of the sub-project during construction phase will be conducted and the report shared with the World Bank. In case of non-compliance corrective action will be taken and construction work will be discontinued. Grievance Redress A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will record and address the complaints and concerns of stakeholders during sub-project execution. The GRM proposed in the ESMF will be followed for this subproject. GRM provisions and details will be displayed in the local language at the sub-project site and the PMD offices. The mechanism will not impede access to the Country’s judicial or administrative remedies. Complaint Register (CR) will be maintained by the PIU to log all complaints and corrective action will be taken in case a grievance. If the grievance redress mechanism fails to satisfy the aggrieved affected person at all levels, she/he can submit the case to the appropriate court of law. Disclosure The ESMP will be disclosed on the websites of PMD, and on the World Bank Info Shop. Hard copies of this ESMP will also be shared with the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and relevant project stakeholders, contractors, Civil Society Organizations etc. A copy of the ESMP will be placed in the Project Implementation Unit, PMD for public access. The Urdu translation of the Executive Summary of the ESMP will also be distributed to all relevant stakeholders, especially to the communities in the project areas. Executive Summary Page | iv ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project ............................... 1 Component 1: Hydro-meteorological and Climate Services ................................... 2 Component 2: Disaster Risk Management............................................................... 2 Component 3: Contingency Emergency Response Component .............................. 2 1.3 Environmental and Social Management Framework .......................................... 1 1.4 Preliminary Environmental and Social Impact Screening .................................. 2 1.6 Sub-Project Justification ......................................................................................... 2 Sub-Project Description .............................................................................. 1 2.1 Sub-Project Proponent ............................................................................................ 1 2.2 Sub-Project Installation of WSR ............................................................................ 1 2.3 Sub-Project Location ............................................................................................... 1 2.4 Sub-Project Need ..................................................................................................... 2 2.5 Sub-Project Scope and Description ........................................................................ 3 2.6 Tower and Base Construction................................................................................. 3 Construction Materials ............................................................................................. 4 Manpower Requirements ......................................................................................... 4 Water Requirement .................................................................................................. 4 Waste Generation ..................................................................................................... 5 Electricity ................................................................................................................. 5 2.7 Installation of Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) ............................................. 5 Improved Sensitivity ................................................................................................ 5 Improved Resolution................................................................................................ 5 Volume Scanning ..................................................................................................... 5 Enhanced Capabilities and Algorithms .................................................................... 5 2.8 Installation of Automatic Weather Station............................................................ 7 2.9 Installation of Wind Profiler ................................................................................... 7 2.10 Analysis of Project Alternatives ............................................................................. 9 No project Option .................................................................................................... 9 Project Site Alternatives ........................................................................................ 10 Legal and Policy Framework ................................................................... 11 3.1 Constitutional Provision ........................................................................................ 11 3.2 National and Provincial Laws ............................................................................... 11 Punjab Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amendment 2012) ......................... 11 Table of Contents Page | i ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE & EIA Regulations, 2000 .................................................................................................. 11 National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000 ................................................. 12 Punjab Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental and Social Guidelines ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Antiquities Act (1975) .................................................................................... 13 The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958 ................................................................................ 13 Explosives Act 1884 .............................................................................................. 13 Labour Law Constitutional Provision .................................................................... 13 Employment of Child Act, 1991 ............................................................................ 14 Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965, and Rules, 1969 ............................................... 14 Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 ..................................................................................... 14 Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007) .......................................... 15 Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 ................................................... 15 Factories Act, 1934 ................................................................................................ 15 3.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies ............................................................................ 15 P /BP4.01 Environmental Assessment ................................................................... 15 World Bank Disclosure Policy............................................................................... 16 Environmental and Social Baseline ......................................................... 17 4.1 Sub-Project Area .................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Physical Environment............................................................................................ 18 Topography ............................................................................................................ 18 Climate ................................................................................................................... 18 Regional Geology and Soil .................................................................................... 18 Natural Hazard Vulnerability ................................................................................. 18 Surface Water and Drainage .................................................................................. 19 Ground Water......................................................................................................... 19 Ambient Air Quality and Noise ............................................................................. 20 Solid Waste ............................................................................................................ 21 4.3 Assessment of Ecological Environment ............................................................... 22 Flora ....................................................................................................................... 22 Fauna ...................................................................................................................... 24 Protected Areas ...................................................................................................... 25 4.4 Socioeconomic Profile ............................................................................................ 25 Administrative Setup ............................................................................................. 25 Demography........................................................................................................... 25 Literacy and Educational Facilities ........................................................................ 25 Migration ............................................................................................................... 26 Occupation ............................................................................................................. 26 Table of Contents Page | ii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Industry .................................................................................................................. 26 Health ..................................................................................................................... 26 Archaeological and Cultural Property/ Places of Interest ...................................... 27 Stakeholder Consultations ........................................................................ 28 5.1 Purpose.................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Consultation Process .............................................................................................. 28 Identification and Classification of Stakeholders .................................................. 29 Classification of Stakeholders................................................................................ 29 Consultation Methodology..................................................................................... 30 Consultation Findings/ Concerns ........................................................................... 30 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation ............ 33 6.1 Impact Assessment Approach ............................................................................... 33 6.2 Sub-Project Area of Impact .................................................................................. 33 Immediate Area of Impact ..................................................................................... 33 6.3 Impact Assessment Approach ............................................................................... 34 6.4 Mitigation Guidelines and Best Practices ............................................................ 36 Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) IFC General Guidelines6 ..................... 36 World Bank Environmental Code of Practices ...................................................... 37 6.5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Design Phase.... 38 Biodiversity and Natural Resources....................................................................... 38 Natural Disasters .................................................................................................... 39 Water /Electricity/ Natural Gas/ Fuel Consumption .............................................. 39 Air Quality and Noise Levels................................................................................. 39 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................... 40 Workers Health and Safety .................................................................................... 40 6.6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Construction Phase ................................................................................................................................ 41 Landscape/Soil ....................................................................................................... 41 Ambient Air Quality and Climate .......................................................................... 41 Surface/Ground Water Resources .......................................................................... 42 Water /Electricity/ Natural Gas and Fuel Consumption ........................................ 43 Solid Waste Generation ......................................................................................... 43 Noise Levels........................................................................................................... 45 Biodiversity and Ecology ....................................................................................... 46 Public Health and Safety ........................................................................................ 46 Workers Health and Safety .................................................................................... 46 Physical /Cultural/ Archeological Resources ......................................................... 47 Traffic Management............................................................................................... 48 Positive Socioeconomic Impacts ........................................................................... 48 Table of Contents Page | iii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 6.7 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Operations Phase 49 Air Quality and Climate ......................................................................................... 49 Solid Waste ............................................................................................................ 49 Electromagnetic Field (EMF) ................................................................................ 49 Flora and Fauna...................................................................................................... 51 6.8 Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP) ........ 51 Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................... 66 7.1 Project Implementation Unit ................................................................................ 66 7.2 Project Management and Implementation Consultant ...................................... 67 7.3 Third Party Consultant ......................................................................................... 67 7.4 Construction Contractor ....................................................................................... 68 7.5 ESMP Monitoring Plan ......................................................................................... 69 Internal Monitoring ................................................................................................ 69 External Monitoring/Third Party Validation.......................................................... 69 7.6 ESMP Reporting .................................................................................................... 69 7.7 ESMP Capacity Development and Trainings...................................................... 70 ESMP Estimated Budget .......................................................................... 72 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................ 73 9.1 GRM at the Sub-Project Site ................................................................................ 73 9.2 Overview and Scope ............................................................................................... 73 9.3 Objectives of the Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................... 73 9.4 Communication & Awareness on GRM .............................................................. 73 9.5 Proposed Mechanism ............................................................................................. 73 Procedures .............................................................................................................. 75 Grievance Closure .................................................................................................. 76 Disclosure ................................................................................................... 77 Annexure 1. Screening checklist .................................................................................... 78 Annexure 2. EE/EIA Regulation 2000 ........................................................................... 79 Annexure 3. NEQS .......................................................................................................... 83 Annexure 4. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies .................. 91 Annexure 5. Screening Checklist ................................................................................... 92 Annexure 6. Environmental Code of Practices ............................................................ 98 Annexure 7. Ground Water Quality Monitoring Report .......................................... 123 Annexure 8. Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report ............................ 124 Annexure 9. Record and of Stakeholder Consultation .............................................. 130 Annexure 10. Flood Resistant Design Guideline .......................................................... 134 Annexure 11. Asbestos Handling Guidelines ................................................................ 137 Table of Contents Page | iv ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 12. Chance Find procedures ......................................................................... 140 Annexure 13. Sample Terms of Reference .................................................................... 141 Annexure 14. ESMP Monitoring Checklist .................................................................. 144 Table of Contents Page | v ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services List of Tables Table 2.1: Construction Regime ............................................................................................................. 4 Table 3.1: Safeguard Policies Applicability ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring RMC Lahore ................................................................... 21 Table 5.2: Floristic List of Study Area ................................................................................................. 22 Table 5.2: Common Tree Species found in Lahore .............................................................................. 23 Table 5.4: Common Birds of Lahore .................................................................................................... 24 Table 6.1: List of Stakeholders ............................................................................................................. 29 Table 6.2: Stakeholder Concerns .......................................................................................................... 30 Table 7.1: Impact Assessment Framework ........................................................................................... 35 Table 7.2: Noise Impact ........................................................................................................................ 45 Table 7.3: Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan ............................................. 52 Table 8.1: Roles and Responsibilities of PIU ....................................................................................... 66 Table 8.2: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring ................................................. 68 Table 8.3: Distribution of Sub-Project Reports .................................................................................... 70 Table 8.4: Capacity Building and Training Plan................................................................................... 70 Table 9.1 : Estimated Budget for ESMP Compliance........................................................................... 72 List of Tables Page | vi ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services List of Figures Figure 1.1: Map of Project Location ....................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2.1: Proposed Site for Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) ........................................................ 2 Figure 2.3: Types of WSRs ..................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.4: WSR Design ......................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.5: Automatic Weather Station .................................................................................................. 7 Figure 2.6: Types of Wind Profilers ....................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2.7: Wind Profilers Monitoring Principles ................................................................................. 8 Figure 3.1: Weather Forecast Interlinkage among GoP Departments .................................................... 9 Figure 5.1: Map of Lahore .................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 5.2: Seimic Zones of Punjab ...................................................................................................... 19 Figure 5.3: Noise level Monitoring at RMC Lahore ............................................................................. 21 Figure 7.1: Approach to Identify, Assess and Mitigate Impacts ........................................................... 33 Figure 7.2: Critical Receptors Near Sub-project Site............................................................................ 34 Figure 10.1: Flow Chart for Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................ 75 List of Figures Page | vii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services List of Acronyms ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency GoP Government of Pakistan HSE Health, Safety and Environment IFC International Finance Corporation IEE Initial Environmental Examination NCS National Conservation Strategy NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NEP National Environmental Policy NEQS National Environment Quality Standards NGO Non-Government Organization NOC No Objection Certificate PEPA 97 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PNS Pakistan National Committee Pvt Private GDP Gross Domestic Product IEE Initial Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impacts Assessment PMD Pakistan Meteorological Department WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority PID Provincial Irrigation Departments NDMA National Disaster Management Authority PDMAs Provincial Disaster Management Authorities DRM Disaster Risk Management Radar Radio Detection and Ranging RMC Regional Met Office Lahore WSR Weather Surveillance Radar EMF Electromagnetic Field AWS Automatic Weather Station NIHL Noise Induced Hearing Loss RF Radio Frequencies SAR Specific Absorption Rate List of Acronyms Page | viii ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services List of Units °C Degree Celsius cm Centimetre db Decibels Kg Kilogram Km Kilometer m Meter μg/m3 Microgram per cubic meter % Percent W/kg watts per kilogram mW/m2 milliwatts per square metre List of Units Page | ix ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Introduction 1.1 Background Over the last two decades Pakistan has made considerable progress in reducing absolute poverty and improving shared prosperity, but most of the population remains poor or vulnerable. Between 1991 and 2011 the number of people with an income below $1.25 per day was more than halved;3 and between 2002 and 2011 the percentage of the population below the national poverty level fell from 34.7 to 13.6 percent.4 Nonetheless, nearly three-quarters of the population remain poor or vulnerable. A key dimension of social vulnerability in South Asia is exposure to hydrological and meteorological (hydromet) hazards including storms, floods, and droughts. Across South Asia, the number of disasters has quadrupled over the past four decades, causing over 800,000 deaths and US$80 billion in damages5—equivalent to an estimated 2–6 percent of GDP—and slowing economic growth and poverty reduction.6 Climate change is expected to have an adverse impact on Pakistan, as it ranks 7th on the climate risk index7. It continues to be one of the most flood- prone countries in the South Asia Region (SAR); it suffered US$18 billion in losses between 2005 and 2014 (US$10.5 billion from the 2010 floods alone), equivalent to around 6 percent of the federal budget.8 Hydromet hazards have been coupled with rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization, leading to a disproportionate and growing impact on the poor. The frequency and quantity of precipitation in Pakistan is becoming increasingly unpredictable. The severity of these hazards is likely to be exacerbated due to climate change. By 2030, annual average flood damages are projected to increase five-fold relative to 2010.9 In addition, these extreme weather events create vulnerabilities in major natural asset-based sectors. To build on recent development gains, increase economic productivity, and improve climate resilience, it will be critical to improve the quality and accessibility of weather, water, and climate information services. Climate-resilient development requires stronger institutions and a higher level of observation, forecasting, and service delivery capacity; these could make a significant contribution to safety, security, and economic well-being. Installation of Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) is proposed to improve delivery of hydro- meteorological information services and early warnings. The proposed project can possibly make important contributions to economic productivity while also enhancing community resilience to natural hazards. 1.2 Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Government of Pakistan aims to implement the Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project (PHDSP) through Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) and National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). Co-financed by the World Bank and Government of Pakistan, the Project is proposed to be implemented over the course of 5 years. The Project 3 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/886791468083329310/Pakistan-Country-partnership-strategy-for-the-period-FY2015-19 4 Ibid. 5 Not including indirect losses. 6 World Bank Program Brief: South Asia Regional Program on Hydromet, Climate Services and Resilience (2017). http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/sar/brief/south-asia-hydrological-and-meteorological-hydromet-resilience-program 7 Global Climate Risk Index 2017 https://germanwatch.org/en/download/16411.pdf 8 World Bank (2015) Fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration: Pakistan. Chapter 1, page 2. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21920 9 http://floods.wri.org/#/country/170/Pakistan Introduction Page | 1 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services expects to improve hydro-meteorological information and services, strengthen forecasting and early warning systems, and improve dissemination of meteorological and hydrological forecasts, warnings and advisory information to stakeholders and end-users and strengthen the existing disaster risk management (DRM) capacity and services of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). The project has three main components: Component 1: Hydro-meteorological and Climate Services This component will improve the capacity and performance of the PMD to understand and make use of meteorological and hydrological information for decision making. The objective will be achieved, in line with international best practices, through investment in strengthening institutional setup and building capacity of human resources at the PMD. Component 2: Disaster Risk Management This component will support implementation of the priorities identified in the National Disaster Management Plan, NDMP Road-Map 2016-2030 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Under this component, capacity enhancement of NDMA will be prioritized. NDMA will be responsible for implementation of the project and coordination with the key stakeholders, for project initiation and implementation of activities. Key stakeholder will be involved from the initial phase. Component 3: Contingency Emergency Response Component Component 3 of the project focuses on the enhancement of the PMD and NDMA service delivery and building partnerships with the private sector. Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project is a national level project with interventions across Balochistan, KPK, Punjab and Sindh. This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared for the construction of a Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) in Lahore, Punjab under sub-component 1.2A – ‘Technical Modernization of the Observation Networks’. This sub-component will support the expansion and upgrade of the prioritized stations of the network, expansion of Doppler radar network, restoration of upper air observations, installation of wind profilers, improvement of hydrological stations and systems, and expansion and re-equipment of agro-meteorological network. The sub-project includes installation of a Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) along with an Automatic Weather Station and Wind Profiler at the Flood Forecasting Division of the Regional Meteorological Center in Lahore, Punjab. The installation is likely to improve delivery of hydro- meteorological information services and early warnings. The proposed sub-project will possibly make important contributions to economic productivity while also enhancing community resilience to natural hazards. The location of the sub-project with reference to Pakistan is marked on the map provided as Figure 1.1. Introduction Page | 2 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Figure 1.1: Map of Project Location 1.3 Environmental and Social Management Framework As the Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project is a national level project with interventions at possible locations across Balochistan, KPK, Punjab and Sindh, a framework approach was adopted for environmental and social management. Based on this approach, Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was prepared to identify all potential but generic negative environmental and social impacts of project activities and propose mitigation measures. The ESMF provides basic screening criteria for selecting sub-projects and lists the instruments to be developed for each individual sub-project. Institutional arrangements, Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), reporting and documentation requirements regarding environmental and social safeguards are addressed in detail in the ESMF. As per World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 on Environmental Assessment, the Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project is categorized as a ‘Category B’ project with site-specific, temporary impacts for which mitigation measures can be readily designed. Introduction Page | 1 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 1.4 Preliminary Environmental and Social Impact Screening Environmental and Social Impacts screening checklists provided in the ESMF and approved by the World Bank, were used for preliminary screening of the Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) to help in identification of impacts. Checklists were filled during field visits of the WSR site by the environment, social and resettlement experts. The environmental and social assessment/screening checklist is attached as Annexure 1. The checklist identifies the proposed sub-project as an urban area infrastructure development and established that: â—¼ There is no land acquisition required for construction and rehabilitation work of proposed sub-project site â—¼ The associated environmental and social impacts of the proposed sub-project are confined to construction phase and are of temporary nature â—¼ The residing population will get benefits in terms improved weather forecast thus reducing the impacts of future floods and decreasing threats to their assets and lives. As no significant adverse impacts were identified, there is no need for further resettlement impact screening and development of Resettlement Action Plans. Environmental and other social concerns associated with the construction phase of proposed sub-project will be minimized and mitigated by adapting best practices for environmental protection proposed in this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). 1.5 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) This ESMP of the Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) in Lahore is in compliance with and consistent to the identified requirements in the ESMF. It entails a set of responses to potentially adverse impacts of the sub-project on physical, ecological and social environment, thus ensuring the effective implementation of mitigation measures in a timely manner. The primary objectives of the ESMP are to: â—¼ Identify the potential environmental and social impact of the project activities â—¼ Propose site specific measures to mitigate environmental and social impacts and facilitate the implementation of the identified mitigation measures â—¼ Propose and institutional structure and define responsibilities of the project proponents, contractor, and other members of the project team. â—¼ Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters in order to ensure implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures. â—¼ Describe the capacity building and training requirements, along with a budget, for the implementation of the ESMP. 1.6 Sub-Project Justification Climate change is expected to have an adverse impact on Pakistan, as it ranks 7th on the climate risk index. It continues to be one of the most flood-prone countries in the South Asia Region (SAR); suffering US$18 billion in losses between 2005 and 2014 (US$10.5 billion from the 2010 floods alone), equivalent to around 6% of the federal budget. Hydromet hazards have been coupled with rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization, leading to a disproportionate and growing impact on the poor. By 2030, annual average flood damages are projected to increase five-fold relative to 201010. In addition, these extreme weather events 10 http://floods.wri.org/#/country/170/Pakistan Introduction Page | 2 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services create vulnerabilities in major natural asset-based sectors. Agriculture in Pakistan is severely exposed to climate and weather-related risks. The sector contributes 22 percent of GDP and 13 percent of national exports, employs 45 percent of the labour force, and is hugely reliant on irrigation—accounting for 95 percent of total national water use. The installation of the WSR in Lahore is likely to enhance the capacity of PMD by providing a higher level of observation, forecasting, and service delivery and contribute to the following: â—¼ Reduction in economic losses caused by floods; â—¼ Reduction in losses due to droughts and increased agricultural productivity; and â—¼ Increased efficiency of disaster risk management and food security interventions due to enhanced preparedness of targeted vulnerable communities. Introduction Page | 3 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Sub-Project Description This chapter provides a brief description of nature, size and location of the project. A defined scope of study, the magnitude of efforts and concise description of project proponent is also included in this chapter 2.1 Sub-Project Proponent The project proponent in this document refers to the organization which will invest and be responsible for the project initiation, construction and safe operation. The project proponent for the Monsoon Monitoring Center is the Pakistan Meteorological Department. The PMD also known as Pakistan Met Office is an autonomous and independent institution tasked with providing weather forecasts and public warnings concerning weather for protection, safety, and general information. Apart from meteorology, it is also involved in monitoring as well as investigating weather phenomenon, astronomical events, hydrology, and research in astrophysics, climate changes, and studies on aeronautical engineering, renewable energy resources across various parts of the country. Headquartered in Islamabad, it has offices and research facilities in all provinces and territories of the country. 2.2 Sub-Project Installation of WSR Installation of WSR is proposed under sub-component 1.2.A: ‘Technical modernization of the observation networks’ that aims to upgrade the observation infrastructure, data management systems and forecasting thus enabling delivery of hydro-meteorological information services and early warnings. The sub-project is likely to construct a multi-story building with Radar installed at a height of approximately 72 meters at the current location of the Regional Meteorological Center in Lahore. The construction is likely to last 2 years. The objective of the sub-project is to strengthen the capacity of the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) to deliver reliable and timely weather, hydrological and climate information and services to user departments and communities. Installation of WSR aims to upgrade and expand the meteorological, agro-meteorological and hydrological observations networks and ensuring that these networks are well functioning and interoperable. 2.3 Sub-Project Location The Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR), Automatic Weather station (AWS) and Wind Profiler will be installed within the premises of existing Flood Forecasting Division, Regional Meteorological Center at Jail Road Lahore, Punjab. Lahore is located in the north-eastern end of Pakistan's Punjab province, near the border with the Indian state of Punjab. The location of the sub-project is provided as Figure 2.1. Towards the north-east of the sub-project site across the main Jail Road is Lahore College for Women. The Shadman Market is located towards the east of the sub-project site. Towards the west and south of the proposed site are non-demarcated commercial and residential areas. Since Lahore is an old city, the major part of the city does not define commercial and residential zones separately; however, the recent planned housing societies have zoned their commercial areas distinctively. Sub-Project Description Page | 1 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Figure 2.1: Proposed Site for Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) 2.4 Sub-Project Need The meteorological services of PMD fall into a category of delivering fundamental public information related to natural hazards. Despite maintenance, the installed radars at various sites of PMD are losing their relevance to modern technology. In the wake of imminent challenges such as changing climate patterns and unpredictable weather phenomenon, it is pertinent to shift from this analogue system to a modern digital Doppler Mode Radar. The new radar will have a 650 km radius of information processing for consumption of the PMD. This will help the PMD to monitor the movement and development of severe weather systems to prepare more accurate and timely weather forecasts. The Doppler mode is essential in achieving more accurate forecasting and longer forecast prediction times. The meteorological service equipped with state-of-the-art technology would effectively respond the strains on natural resources due to disasters and insufficient prediction systems. In an initial assessment by PMD at various offices across the country, it emerged that there is a need for: 1. Upgrading weather and flood forecasting in the country; 2. Reducing damages due to disasters and protection of public lives and property; 3. Promotion of safe operation of civil aviation, marine and land transport. 4. Dissemination of meteorological information to general public, government organizations and mass-media (TV, radio, newspaper); 5. Upgrading living standards of general public in Pakistan; 6. Increasing the degree of agricultural self-sufficiency through better weather forecasting techniques; 7. Reduction of extensive damages to agricultural produce thus contributing to socio- economic growth in agriculture sector; 8. Sharing of data with World Meteorological Organization as an effective member. Sub-Project Description Page | 2 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 2.5 Sub-Project Scope and Description In an initial need assessment, the installation of the WSR was proposed due to lack of modern forecasting equipment and methods in the existing facility. The sub project activities covered under this ESMP include following: i. Tower Construction ii. Installation of Weather Surveillance Radar iii. Installation of AWS iv. Installation of Wind Profiler 2.6 Tower and Base Construction The civil works of the proposed sub-project include the construction of a multi-story tower of height 72 meters. The WSR will be installed at the top of the tower to avoid electromagnetic field (EMF) impacts. The construction of the tower will follow the regime provided in Table 2.1. The construction duration will be 18 months. Similarly, a concrete base will be constructed for the Automatic Weather Station and Wind Profiler which involves minimum civil works of approximately 2 months duration. The construction will be carried out considering weather conditions to avoid environmental damage, as monsoon rains in Lahore often cause blockage to the drainage system. The construction will take into account season to avoid nuisance to the general public. The tower construction will have following activities 1. Site clearing and preparation for construction of the tower building; 2. Civil work including laying of foundation and construction of tower and concrete base of AWS and Wind Profiler; 3. Mechanical work including plumbing and equipment installation for the water, electricity and natural gas supply and distribution. It will ensure that the equipment is installed, pre-commissioned, tested (if required) and commissioned in accordance with agreed contracts. Coordination with equipment suppliers will be an important task during construction.The water supply and distribution will be in compliance with water conservation techniques;; 4. Electrical layout including installation equipment and supply of electricity designed to ensure energy conservation; 5. Backup Generator for the machinery and Solar Panel Installation. The construction work doesn’t require excavation or use of heavy machinery such as cranes. Construction vehicles will be parked in designated parking areas for machinery, stores and workshops at an appropriate distance from sensitive receptors such as residential buildings and schools in the vicinity. Final locations will be selected by the contractor away from populated areas with consent of supervision consultant. The construction machinery to be used includes: 1. Earth moving equipment 2. Construction vehicles 3. Material handling equipment 4. Construction equipment Sub-Project Description Page | 3 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services As the sub-project site is located in the city of Lahore, labour will be hired from surrounding areas and communities. Hence a labour camp will not be established at the sub-project site.Table 2.1: Construction Regime Phase Requirement Activities Design Phase Site Survey Soil tests and hydrology for foundation and input to civil design Civil Design Formulation of conceptual, detailed and final designs Construction Site Establishment Site clearance, laying of foundation, filling earth, anti-termite Phase and Earthworks soil treatment, surface finish Concrete Work Building construction using bricks, cement and concrete, steel reinforcement, curing and protecting concrete. Mechanical Work Galvanised steel structures, cable trays, steel support structures, roofing. Drainage system Waste water sewage system, surface water drainage system. Electrical Work Power cable trenches and ducts, electricity connection, backup generator, lift and solar panel installation Finishing Earth mats, testing/inspection of building Post WSR intallation Contruction AWS installation Wind Profiler Installation Construction Materials The materials used in construction of the building would include coarse aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), steel, water, asphalt, reinforcement, cement. Fine aggregates are locally available in the area, while the cement and steel will be procured from approved local vendors. The use of hazardous material like asbestos and those identified in the list of Hazardous chemical Rules 2003 will be banned. Special care will be taken for inflammable materials and fuel. Manpower Requirements The manpower requirement during construction and operation of the project will be approximately 50-60 persons including managerial staff, skilled and unskilled labour. The labour for construction activities will be hired from Lahore, hence there will be no requirement for setting up a labour camp at the sub-project site. Water Requirement The estimated water consumption of urban centers of Pakistan calculated by WASA is 72 gallon per person per day11. There will be an increase in water consumption during construction, specifically during civil works which are water intensive. The RMC has a ground water source and municipal supply of water. The requirements will be met from existing sources. 11 Water and Sanitation Authority Report 2015 Sub-Project Description Page | 4 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Waste Generation There will be an increase of waste generation during construction, including debris, excavated earth and unused construction materials, especially during site clearing and landscaping. Electricity The electricity supply for the existing RMC offices is from the national grid, therefore, the additional increase in the usage during construction will be met from the same source. However, installation of Solar Panels is proposed to meet the electricity demand during operations. 2.7 Installation of Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) After the completion of construction work, the WSR will be installed on the top of the tower. WSR is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). The data can be analyzed to determine the intensity of storms and their potential to cause severe weather. The proposed WSR to be installed at Lahore will improve weather forecasting through the following functions Improved Sensitivity This is basically a result of a greater amount of power transmitted and a greater ability to distinguish smaller returns. The proposed WSR ability to detect lighter amounts of precipitation has allowed for the detection of very light precipitation and even subtle clear air boundaries. Improved Resolution This is primarily a function of angular beam width. The narrower the beam, the smaller is the width at a given distance. This will allow the WSR to differentiate between objects, thereby increasing the resolution. Volume Scanning Rather than scanning along varying azimuth angles (PPI) then stopping to scan vertically (RHI), the radar will automatically scan various elevation angels while spinning around 360° of azimuth. Computers will generate products based on this volume scan. Enhanced Capabilities and Algorithms Sophisticated computer programs will assist the radar operator to detect various phenomena such as cyclones, thunder storms, cloud formation and tornadoes. The radar will also have a greater range of reflectivity operating in severe and non-precipitation modes. Sub-Project Description Page | 5 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Figure 2.2: Types of WSRs Figure 2.3: WSR Design Sub-Project Description Page | 6 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 2.8 Installation of Automatic Weather Station The propose AWS will consist of a weather-proof enclosure containing the data logger, rechargeable battery, telemetry (optional) and the meteorological sensors with an attached solar panel upon a mast. The specific configuration may vary due to the purpose of the system. The AWS will measure weather parameters with following sensors: â–ª Thermometer for measuring temperature; â–ª Anemometer for measuring wind speed; â–ª Wind vane for measuring wind direction; â–ª Hygrometer for measuring humidity; â–ª Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure. Figure 2.4: Automatic Weather Station 2.9 Installation of Wind Profiler The wind profiler system consists of an array of Doppler radar systems oriented to point upward. The "phased array" of 13 x 13 meter (40 ft by 40 ft) antennae is arranged in an array that looks like a chain link fence stretched out horizontally on stilts. This radar array operating at 404.37 MHz is used to sense the atmospheric wind profile from the surface up to an altitude of 16 km above the array on a nearly continuous basis. A three-beam pattern in a sequence are generated, with one beam oriented vertically and the other two beams are oblique (that is, one is pointed to the north and one to the east).The aim for the installation is to attain data on wind direction and vertical velocity at various elevations above the ground level (agl). At higher altitudes there is inadequate water vapor present to produce a radar "bounce." The data synthesized from wind direction and speed is very useful to meteorological forecasting and timely reporting for flight planning. Sub-Project Description Page | 7 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Figure 2.5: Types of Wind Profilers Figure 2.6: Wind Profilers Monitoring Principles Sub-Project Description Page | 8 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 2.10 Analysis of Project Alternatives Project alternatives are considered to evaluate the technological and site alternatives that may reduce the impacts on the environment. No project Option In view of the vulnerability of the country to multiple disasters and climate-related risks, strengthening of Disaster Risk Management system in Pakistan is considered strategic in assisting the Government to achieve its national and global commitments, especially the Five- Year Development Plan of the Government of Pakistan (GoP), SDGs, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) which among many other things, emphasize upon disaster-specific resilience in light of risk-informed development. The sub-project, by enhancing the capacity of PMD is likely to contribute to a reduction in economic losses caused by floods and droughts, increase agricultural productivity, and increase efficiency of disaster risk management and food security interventions due to enhanced preparedness of targeted vulnerable communities. The interdependency of various departments and organization on weather data is given in Figure 3.1. Similarly World Meteorological Organization is also dependent on Pakistan for country and regional specific climate data. If no project option is considered, Pakistan will remain exposed to the risk of extreme climate events with continued loss to the lives and economy. Poor forecasting will impair major sectors of the economy. Figure 2.7: Weather Forecast Interlinkage among GoP Departments Sub-Project Description Page | 9 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Following key sectors of the economy that are likely to sufferl are directly dependent on weather forecast: Disaster Management National Disaster Management Authority and Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs), the country’s early warning system will be enhanced with reliable information. At present manual and rudimentary support is available that leaves enormous scope for diminishing the loss of lives, livelihoods and assets. Agriculture The Provincial Agriculture Departments (PADs) will benefit by improved information flow. Different forecast timescales from short-range to seasonal forecasts and agro-meteorological advisories are expected to enhance the productivity of farmers (more optimal planting and harvesting dates, reduced crop failure and post-harvest losses, more optimal use of inputs) leading to significant improvement in food security system; Energy Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)/Ministry of Water and Power and Provincial Irrigation Departments (PIDs) will gain benefits from installation of Hydrological models applied for data analysis result in more efficient use of hydropower potential. No project option sustains the status quo which is not beneficial for the economy, vulnerable communities, and the state. In case there is no project, the objective of strengthening Disaster Risk Management system in Pakistan to assist the Government to achieve its national and global commitments will not be accelerated, which will result in continued vulnerability and economic losses for the country. Project Site Alternatives Alternative project sites are considered when the project location is sensitive to environmental and/or social impacts associated either to the construction works or due to the operation of the facility constructed. This project currently suggests physical works to construct a tower for installation of WSR and installation of an Automatic Weather Station and Wind Profiler at the Flood Forecasting Division of the Regional Meteorological Center. This is the current location of the PMD in Lahore, with functioning offices. The land for the WSR is under ownership of the PMD. No site alternatives were considered due to: â—¼ The land allocated to RMC is available for the sub-project â—¼ The supporting infrastructure and technical equipment required for WSR operations exists at the present location. â—¼ High cost of installation of associated equipment for WSR at another location and difficulty in data transferal was a major reason for site selection at the existing office. â—¼ There are no environmental and/or social sensitivities within the identified area. Sub-Project Description Page | 10 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Legal and Policy Framework The present ESMP has been developed after reviewing the relevant promulgated environmental legislation and guidelines of Pakistan and the World Bank’s safeguard polici es. These legislations and safeguard policies, and their relevance to the proposed project, are briefly discussed below. 3.1 Constitutional Provision Before 18th Amendment in the constitution of Pakistan, the legislative powers were with federal parliament and legislative assemblies of four provinces of Pakistan. If a particular legislation passed by the provincial assembly came into conflict with a law enacted by the national assembly, then according to constitution, the federal legislation will prevail over provincial legislation to extend the inconsistency. The subject of environmental pollution and ecology were in Concurrent Legislative List of the constitution thus allowing both federal and provincial government to enact laws on this subject. However only federal government has enacted laws on environment and the provincial environmental institutions derived their power from federal law. Post 18th amendment in 2010, the concurrent list has been abolished and a limited number of subjects on the list have been included in the federal legislative list, whereas, the provincial governments have been given powers to legislate on the subjects transferred to provinces. The provision of the 18th Amendment which has a direct impact on the subject of 'Environment' is section 101(3), whereby the Concurrent Legislative List and the entries thereto from 1 to 47 (both inclusive) have been omitted from the Fourth Schedule. The power to legislate and decide on the subject of “environmental pollution and ecologyâ€? now lies with the provincial government, however, climate change remains under federal jurisdiction. 3.2 National and Provincial Laws Punjab Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amendment 2012) The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) is the apex environmental law in the country, and provides for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and for promotion of sustainable development. Section 12 of the Act requires preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) before commencement of projects likely to cause adverse environmental effects. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE & EIA Regulations, 2000 These Regulations define procedures for preparation, review and approval of environmental assessments. The projects falling under any of the categories listed in Schedule-I require preparation of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report, whereas those falling under categories listed in Schedule-II require preparation of detailed study, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The project falls in urban development category I of IEE/EIA regulation thus requiring an IEE for Installation of WSR. Therefore, disclosure requirements of both bank and local regulatory Legal and Policy Framework Page | 11 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services requirement will be fulfilled. Apart from that information about different projects under progress are monitored by the M&E Directorate and they publish some data on their website. The sub-project requires construction and refurbishment of office building in urban area therefore the project falls in urban development category I of IEE/EIA regulation thus requiring an IEE for WSR Station in Lahore. If an IEE is conducted and submitted to the EPAs, it is shared with public by virtue of law. Therefore, disclosure requirements of both bank and local regulatory requirement will be fulfilled. Apart from that information about different projects under progress are monitored by the M&E Directorate and they publish some data on their website. The IEE/EIA Regulation 2000 is attached as Annexure 2. National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000 The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) will be followed. According to the World Bank policy compliance to all local statutory requirements is compulsory during project execution. NEQS first promulgated in 1993 and have been amended in 1995 and 2000. They have been revised and the latest NEQS were issued in 2010.These standards are also stringent with the International NEQs Regulation. â–ª NEQS for Ambient Air – November, 2010 state the Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (9 parameters) in gaseous emissions from vehicle exhaust. â–ª NEQS for Drinking Water Quality – 2010 describe the drinking water properties by outlining the defined physical and chemical parameters. â–ª NEQS for Noise – November 2010 states the maximum allowable limit of noise arising from vehicles in decibels (dB) separately for day and night times. â–ª NEQS for Waste Effluents –2000 states the Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities, and the sea. These standards apply to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged by construction and post construction activities. The standards for vehicles will apply only during the construction phase of the sub-project. Standards for ambient air quality have also been prescribed. The detailed NEQS are included in Annexure 3. Punjab Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental and Social Guidelines Punjab EPA adopted the set of guidelines for conducting environmental and social assessments by Federal EPA after 18th amendment. The guidelines derive from much of the existing work done by international donor agencies and NGOs. The package of regulations, of which the environmental and social guidelines form a part, includes the PEPA 1997 and the NEQS. These guidelines are listed below followed by comments on their relevance to proposed project: Policy and Procedures for Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental Assessments, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, September 1997: These guidelines define the policy context and the administrative procedures that govern the environmental assessment process from the project pre-feasibility stage to the approval of the environmental report. The section on administrative procedures has been superseded by the IEE-EIA Regulations, 2000. Legal and Policy Framework Page | 12 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, 1997: The guidelines on the preparation and review of environmental reports target project proponents and specify: â–ª The nature of the information to be included in environmental reports â–ª The minimum qualifications of the study consultants appointed â–ª The need to incorporate suitable mitigation measures at every stage of project implementation â–ª The need to specify monitoring procedures. The terms of reference for the reports are to be prepared by the project proponents themselves. The report must contain baseline data on the Study Area, detailed assessment thereof, and mitigation measures. Guidelines for Public Consultation, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, May, 1997: These guidelines support the two guidelines mentioned above. They deal with possible approaches to public consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensures the incorporation of their concerns in any impact assessment study. The Antiquities Act (1975) It ensures the protection of Pakistan’s cultural resources. The Act defines “antiquitiesâ€? as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest, national monuments, etc. The Act is designed to protect these antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation, trade, and export. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers the GOP to prohibit excavation in any area that may contain articles of archaeological significance. Under the Act, the project proponents are obligated to ensure that no activity is undertaken in the proximity of a protected antiquity, report to the Department of Archaeology, GOP, any archaeological discovery made during the course of the project. The Public Health (Emergency Provision) Act 1954 read with West Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958 These two laws cover the presentation and spread of human diseases, safeguarding the public health and providing and maintaining adequate medical services and other services essential to the health of the communities in the project area. Explosives Act 1884 Under the Explosives Act 1884, the project contractors are bound by regulation on properly and securely handling, transporting and using explosive quarrying, blasting and other purposes. Labour Law Constitutional Provision The Constitution of Pakistan contains a range of provisions with regards to labour rights found in Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy. â–ª Article 11 of the Constitution prohibits all forms of slavery, forced labour and child labour; Legal and Policy Framework Page | 13 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services â–ª Article 17 provides for a fundamental right to exercise the freedom of association and the right to form unions; â–ª Article 18 proscribes the right of its citizens to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation and to conduct any lawful trade or business; â–ª Article 25 lays down the right to equality before the law and prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex alone; â–ª Article 37(e) makes provision for securing just and humane conditions of work, ensuring that children and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age or sex, and for maternity benefits for women in employment. Employment of Child Act, 1991 Article 11(3) of the constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or any other hazardous employment. In accordance with this article, the ECA 1991 disallows such child labor in the country. The ECA defines a child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth year of age. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupations set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector, railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of the processes defined in the act is carried out Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965, and Rules, 1969 The Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965, was extended in 1978, to the whole of Pakistan. The ordinance deals with the powers of motor vehicle licensing authorities and empowers the Road Transport Corporation to regulate traffic rules, vehicle speed and weight limits, and vehicle use; to erect traffic signs; and to identify the specific duties of drivers in the case of accidents. It also describes the powers of police officers to check and penalize traffic offenders at the provincial level. At the same time, the ordinance also empowers the Regional Transport Authority to operate as a quasi-judicial body at the district level to monitor road transport, licensing requirements, and compensations for death or injury to passengers on public carriers. Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 The Pakistan Penal Code deals with offences where public or private property and/or human lives are affected due to the intentional or accidental misconduct of an individual or body of people. In the context of environment, the Penal Code empowers the local authorities to control noise, noxious emissions and disposal of effluents. Chapter XIV, Section 268 to 291 of PPC deals with the offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals. A Person may be guilty of public nuisance if his act or omission causes common injury, danger or annoyance to the public or results in spread of diseases dangerous to life. The section also deals with environmental pollution. Provisions under this Act relating to environment are no longer being enforced after promulgation of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. The NEQS enforced by the EPAs supersede the application of this legislation on industries and municipalities. The Penal Code, however, can provide a basis for the client to coordinate its activities with the local authorities to ensure that its construction activities do not become a cause of public nuisance or inconvenience. Pollution offences can still be tried under the relevant sections of Pakistan Penal Code, 1860, as they have not been specifically repealed by a subsequent legislation. Legal and Policy Framework Page | 14 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007) The Pakistan Engineering Council governs the application of Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007). Prior to the start of construction the proposed sub-project will take design approval from PEC. This obligates the following: â–ª The provisions of the Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions-2007) shall apply for engineering design of buildings, like structures and related components. â–ª Construction of buildings in violation of the Building Code (Seismic Provisions-2007) shall be considered as violation of professional engineering work as specified under clause (XXV) of section 2 of the Act. The project will comply with the seismic provision during building design. Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use, the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety. Factories Act, 1934 The clauses relevant to the project are those that concern the health, safety and welfare of workers, disposal of solid waste and effluent, and damage to private and public property. The Factories Act also provides regulations for handling and disposing of toxic and hazardous materials. Given that construction activity is classified as ‘industry’, these regulations will be applicable to the project contractors. 3.3 World Bank Safeguard Policies The objective of the World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for the bank and borrowers in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. Safeguard policies have often provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an important instrument for building ownership among local populations. This overall PHDSP Project is classified as “Category Bâ€? as per the World Bank OP 4.01 as the activities under the project would involve small scale constructions with temporary and reversible environmental and social impacts. OP 4.12 has been triggered for the overall project but is not relevant for this subproject as there is no land acquisition or displacement involved. P /BP4.01 Environmental Assessment WB requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for their financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision- making. The borrower is responsible for carrying out the EA. For Category A projects, the borrower retains independent EA experts not affiliated with the project to carry out the EA. For projects involving the preparation and implementation of annual investment plans or sub- projects, identified and developed over the course of the project period during the preparation of each proposed sub-project, the project coordinating entity or implementing institution carries out appropriate EA according to country requirements and the requirements of this policy. According to World Bank safeguards policies, projects shall be classified as one of the Legal and Policy Framework Page | 15 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services following three categories, depending on the nature and extent of potential environmental and social impacts: â–ª Category A: Projects of this type would have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the physical works. â–ª Category B: A proposed project may have some adverse environmental impacts, but less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are typically site- specific, few if any have irreversible impacts, and in most cases mitigation measures can be readily designed. â–ª Category C: Projects of this type are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. This project is classified as “Category Bâ€? as per the WB safeguards category. Under OP 4.01 this ESMF has been prepared which is defined in the OP as “An instrument that examines the issues and impacts associated when a project consists of a program and/or series of sub- projects, and the impacts cannot be determined until the program or sub-project details have been identified.â€? This ESMP is prepared in line with the requirements of the World Bank and the Project ESMF. OP 4.12 has been triggered for the overall project but is not relevant for this subproject as there is no land acquisition or displacement involved. The World Bank policies are included as Annexure 4 and screening checklist is included as Annexure 5. World Bank Disclosure Policy The Bank reaffirms its recognition and endorsement of the fundamental importance of transparency and accountability to the development process. Accordingly, it is the Bank’s policy to be open about its activities and to welcome and seek out opportunities to explain its work to the widest possible audience. Legal and Policy Framework Page | 16 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Social Baseline 4.1 Sub-Project Area The area for the proposed sub-project is the city and district of Lahore where the construction and rehabilitation work will be carried out. Lahore is the capital city of Punjab province, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi, serving as an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub for central and north Pakistan. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a major cultural center of Pakistan. The city is located in the north-eastern end of Pakistan's Punjab province, near the border with the Indian state of Punjab. Situated between 31°15′—31°45′ N and 74°01′—74°39′ E, Lahore is bounded by the Sheikhupura District towards north and west, by India towards east, by Kasur District towards south, and by Nankana Sahib towards west and southwest. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. The proposed WSR, AWS and wind profiler will be installed within the premises of the existing Flood Forecasting Division located in the Regional Meteorological Center on Jail Road, Lahore (Figure 5.1). Towards the north-east of the sub-project site, across the main Jail Road is Lahore College for Women. The Shadman Market lies towards the east. Towards the west and south of the proposed site are non-demarcated commercial and residential areas. Since Lahore is an old city, the major part of the city does not define commercial and residential zones separately; however, the recent planned housing societies have zoned their commercial areas distinctively. Figure 4.1: Map of Lahore Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 17 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 4.2 Physical Environment Topography Lahore is located in the upper part of the plains of Punjab, which are a part of the Indo- Gangetic synclinal depression. The district is divided into two parts; the low lying alluvial soils along the Ravi River, and the uplands in the east. The lowlands are generally inundated during the monsoon season by Ravi River, flowing through the western part of the district along its boundary with district Sheikhupura. The city of Lahore lies on extremely flat land. The highest point within the city is about 700 ft above sea level. In the south-west, abutting the actual flood plain of Ravi river, the land falls to 682 ft. Gradients are extremely flat and falls of only 0.3 to 0.4 m per km are experienced in many areas of the city. The sub-project area lies in the upland plain slope. The topography of the sub-project area is flat.12 Climate Lahore features a five-season semi-arid climate with temperatures varying from 5.9 ºC to 40.4 ºC. Summer season lasts from April till September, with June and July being the hottest months with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 42.4 ºC and 27.3 ºC. The winter seasons lasts from November to March. December, January and February are the coldest months with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 19.8ºC to 5.9ºC in January. Rains are encountered in all the seasons but monsoon rain is pronounced and constitutes a definite rainy season from June to September. The average rainfall is about 629 millimeters per year. Regional Geology and Soil Thick alluvial and older fluvial deposits (Recent to Miocene) are present in Lahore. The soils underlying this area are alluvial in nature, consisting of silts and sands with lenses of clay. The bearing capacity varies, a minimum allowable bearing pressure of 80 km/sq.m (0.75 tons/ sq. ft) can be safely assumed.13 Due to rich surface irrigation, the fertile soils of the floodplains give a good per unit yield. The major mineral composition for Lahore soil is Quartz, Muscovite and Clinochlore, which shows that the alluvial deposit received sediments from metamorphic origin. In general, subsurface stratigraphy at the site consists of three basic lithological units as given below: â–ª Lean Clay/Silty Clay â–ª Sandy Silt/Silt â–ª Silty fine Sand/fine Sand Natural Hazard Vulnerability The sub-project site for the Weather Surveillance Radar is located in Seismic Zone-2A (Figure 5.2), prone to minor to moderate damage from earthquakes.14 It is a tectonic zone of down wrap and platform slope in the seismic zone that may encounter an earthquake from 3.1 to 4.9 on Richter scale.15 Given the location of the sub-project in Zone-2A there is a possibility that distant earthquakes with fundamental periods greater than one second may 12 Sources: Punjab Sustainable Development Strategy, Environment Department, Punjab, 2008 13 Sources: Punjab Sustainable Development Strategy, Environment Department, Punjab, 2008 14 National Seismic Monitoring Center, Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) 15 Atlas for Pakistan Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 18 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services cause minor to moderate damage to structures. Therefore, the structural design of the buildings will follow the applicable building codes with seismic provisions specific to Zone- 2A. Figure 4.2: Seimic Zones of Punjab Surface Water and Drainage The surface water resources of Lahore include the River Ravi fed by 76 minor drains which fall in eight major drains namely Satto Kattle drain, Lakshimi Drain, Suk Neher Drain, Upper Chota Ravi Drain, Siddique Pura Drain and Shahdara Drain. Most of the wastewater discharge enters River Ravi in the 60km stretch between Bulloki and Lahore. These wastewater discharges, along with reduction in available water in River Ravi for dilution, has greatly deteriorated the quality of the river water. River Ravi runs merely as a sullage carrier near Lahore during low flow season. During the monsoon season, the lowlands of Lahore are generally inundated by the river. The drain closest to the project site in Lahore is Shadman 14/A at a distance of 1km and Lahore Canal at a distance of 1.5km from the sub-project site. The canal is a 60km long extension that originates from Bambawali Ravi-Bedian (BRB) towards the west of the city. No surface drainage problems are foreseen as surface water can be disposed in the existing primary and secondary drainage network. Ground Water The only source of water supply to the inhabitants of Lahore city for domestic as well as industrial purposes is ground water. Although, the aquifer under Lahore is a part of the huge groundwater reservoir underlying the Indus Plain, extensive groundwater withdrawal has formed a trough in groundwater levels which is gradually expanding. The water table, which was about 5 m deep in 1960, has declined now to more than 40 m in central part of the city due to over abstraction of groundwater by public and private tube wells and reduction of recharge.16 The aquifer underlying the sub-project area comprises unconfined alluvium with a thickness of about 1050 feet (rock has been encountered at depth 1050 ft in the deepest test bore hole drilled near Thokhar Niaz Baig in Punjab) as a part of regional groundwater investigation. The sources of water to the sub-project site include municipal supply and a ground water bore. Ground 16 Source: Groundwater Extraction and Waste Water Disposal Regulation – is Lahore aquifer at stake with as usual approach?
 Basharat, M., and Rizvi A.S,2011 Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 19 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services water quality testing from the sub-project site show that the water quality is within NEQs and WHO limits. The detailed test reports are given in Annexure 7. Ambient Air Quality and Noise A 2014 World Bank report on air quality in Pakistan found the air quality in Lahore to be between 4-14 times WHO limits, with air quality getting worse in the winter.17 Atmospheric pollution, particularly in urban areas of Lahore, has a strong impact on daily life. Motor vehicles exhaust and industrial emissions are a major source of air pollution. Statistics for 2007 show that there were approximately 1,944,709 vehicles on the roads of the Lahore, a number which has likely grown.18 Factories and cottage industry inside the Lahore City are also contributing to air pollution. The air quality monitoring of the sub-project site is given in Table 5.1. The monitoring period was 24 hours at sampling point. The air quality results reveal higher concentration of particulate matter exceeding World Bank OHS and WHO standards but within NEQS. All other parameters are within permissible limits. Noise pollution in Lahore city is very common due to vehicle horns and low maintenance of vehicles. Lahore Metropolitan City’s vehicle population consists largely of trucks, buses, vans, and three wheel vehicles which are mostly driven by two stroke engines. Results of the noise testing at the sub-project level are shown in Figure 4.3. The photographs and monitoring reports of air quality and noise with atmospheric conditions are attached as Annexure 8. 17 Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto, Santiago Enriquez, Javaid Afzal, Akiko Nakagawa, and Asif Shuja Khan. 2014. Cleaning Pakistan’s Air: Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution . Washington, DC: World Bank. 18 Source: Punjab Development Statistics, 2009 Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 20 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table 4.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring RMC Lahore Figure 4.3: Noise level Monitoring at RMC Lahore Solid Waste Lahore with a population of approximately 11 million according to the recent 2017 Population Census is experiencing rapid urban growth and industrialization leading to increasing generation of solid waste from households, commercial areas, industries, hospitals and animal Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 21 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services waste. Waste collection and disposal in Lahore city is the responsibility of the Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC). According to LWMC estimates, the per capita per day waste generated in the city is 0.65kg, putting the total daily waste generated in Lahore at approximately 7000 tons. LWMC is currently collecting about 70% the solid waste generated in Lahore, and disposing it at allocated landfill sites at Mehmood Booti and Lakhodair, which is Pakistan’s only sanitary landfill site.19 The remaining waste is either collected by informal waste pickers or remains uncollected, lying along roadsides, streets, railway lines, depressions, vacant plots, drains, storm drains, in or around waste containers (where available), open heaps at road sides, informal collection points and open sewers. 4.3 Assessment of Ecological Environment As the climate of Lahore is semi-arid and subtropical, the vegetation of the area falls under scrub, dry, tropical thorn forest type as per phyto-geographical classification of the area. The alignment, in which the sub-project area stands was once covered with native vegetation consisting, of trees like Karir (Capparisdeciduas), Wan (Salvadoraoleoides) and Jand (Prosopisspicigera). This vegetation was cleared for creating agricultural lands, which were then transformed into residential, commercial and industrial areas to meet the demands of the rapidly urbanizing city.Lahore has a number of parks and recreational spots with some ecological importance. These include Badami Bagh, Bagh-e-Jinnah, Gulistan-e-Zehra, Race Course Park, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park, Hazuri Bagh, Iqbal Park and Model Town Park amongst others. The sub-project will not affect the environment of any of these parks. Flora There are a number of plant species in the gardens, parks and roadways of Lahore. Amongst these, Fabaceae is the dominating family with 15 members (16.5%), followed by Moraceae and Rosaceae with 8 and 5 species respectively. Most of these are present in the Model Town Park which is one of the largest parks in the city. The presence of 94 species of plants and 43 families indicates a fairly diverse vegetation cover which should be taken under protection for sustainability (Table 5.2). Due to rapid rate of urbanization, deforestation and a growing preference for alien species in place of native flora in urban areas add stresses on the ecological environment. There are no endangered species of flora in the sub-project site and surroundings. The common trees found in Lahore are included in Table 5.320. Table 4.2: Flora List of Lahore # Local Name Botanical Name # Local Name Botanical Name 1 Aam Magnifera indica 48 Kafoor Cinnammomum camphora 2 Aaroo/Peach Prunus persica 49 Kaghzi Tut Broussonetia papyrifera 3 Akhrot Juglans regia 50 Kamila Mallotus philippinensis 4 Almond Prunus dulcis 51 Khair Acacia catechu 5 Amaltas Cassia fistula 52 Kharak e Celtis australis 6 Amla Phyllanthus emblica 53 Kiker Acacia nilotica 7 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 54 Kunk Champa Ptrospermum acrofluim 8 Ashoka Saraca indica 55 Kussum Schleichera oleosa 9 Avocado L Persea americana 56 Lasura Cordia oblique 10 Baid-e-Majnun Salix babylonica 57 Litchi Naphelium litchi 11 Bakain Melia azedarach 58 Locat Eriobotrya japonica 12 Bamboo Dandroclamus citratus 59 Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 19 Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC); www.lwmc.com.pk 20 A Floristic Analysis Of Selected Parks In Lahore Pakistan Saima Siddiqui, Safdar Ali Shirazi, Ayesha Ali, JPUHS, Vol.29, No.2, July - December, 2016 Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 22 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Local Name Botanical Name # Local Name Botanical Name 13 Banyan Ficus macrophylla 60 Mahogoni Tree Swietenia mahogoni 14 Bel Aegle marmelos 61 Mahwa e Bassia latifolia 15 Ber Zizyphus jujube 62 Maple Acer negundo 16 Bhera Terminalia bellirica 63 Molsari Mimusops elengi 17 Bootle Neck Sterculia rupestris 64 Mulbery Morus alba 18 Bottle Brush M Callistemon citrinus 65 Nag Phali Heterophargama adenopyllum 19 Budha Tree Chorisia apeciosa 66 Najor Bursera serrata 20 Burghud Ficus benghalensis 67 Nashpati/Pear Pyrus communis 21 Burna Crataeeva religiosa 68 Neem Azadirachta indica 23 Cassia Tree Cassia javanica 69 Oncoba Oncoba sipnosa 24 Cherry Prunus serotina 70 Palm Trees Arecaceae 25 Chhiku Achras sapota 71 Papaya Carica papaya 26 Chinar Platanus orientalis 72 Paper Bark Melaleuca leucadendron 27 Chir Pinus roxburghii 73 Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeate 28 Cypress Cupressus funebris 74 Phulai Acacia modesta 29 Darris Darris robusta 75 Pilkhan Ficus virens 30 Dhaak Butea frondosa 76 Popular Populas alba 31 Dheu Artocarpus lakoocha 77 Putajan Putranjiva roxburghii 32 Dhokra Anogeissus acuminate 78 Rubber Ficus elastic 33 Ditabark/Devil Alstonia scholaris 79 Rukh-e-Zard Acacia retinodes 34 Gab Diospyros peregrina 80 Samundar Phal Barringtonia acutangula 35 Gamhar Trewia nudiflora 81 Shah balut Grevillea robusta 36 Gold Mohr Delonix regia 82 Shahtut Morus macroura 37 Gul Nishter Erythrina suberosa 83 Shareen Prosopis julifera 38 Gul-e-Cheen Plumeria rubra 84 Shisham Dalbergia sisso 39 Gul-e- Kigelia pinnata 85 Simal Salmalia malabarica 40 Gul-e-Must Dillenia indica 86 Sohanjana Moringa oleifera 41 Gul-e-Neelam Jacaranda mimosifolia 87 Sufaida Eucalyptus amaldulensis 42 Gulhar Benjaminia comosa 88 Sumbul Bombax malabaricum 43 Imli Tarmindus indica 89 Talwar Phali Oroxylum indicum 44 Jamun Syzygium cumini 90 Taxodium Taxodium mucronatium 45 Jand Prosopis spicigera 91 Teak Tectona grandis 46 Jungli Badam Terminalia catappa 92 Toon Cedrela toona 47 Kachnar Bauhinia alba 93 Ulta Ashok Polyalthia longifolia 94 White Siris Albizia procera Table 4.3: Common Tree Species found in Lahore # Scientific Names Common Names 1 Alstonia scholaris ditabark- native to South Asia 2 Bombax malabaricum sunbal or silk cotton tree - native to Himalayas 3 Callistemon citrinus bottle brush - native to Australia 4 Dalbergia sissoo shisham - native to South Asia 5 Delonix regia gulmohar- native to Madagascar 6 Erythrina suberosa coral or gul nister - native to Burma 7 Ficus benghalensis banyan - native to Bangladesh 8 Ficus religiosa pipal - native to South Asia 9 Ficus retusa bobari - native to Malaysia 10 Kigelia pinnata gul-e-fanoos or sausage - native to Africa 11 Livistona chinensis bottle palm - native to China 12 Mangifera indica aam - native to South Asia 13 Mimusops elengi molsery - native to South Asia 14 Pongamia pinnata sukh chayn or Indian beech - native to Himalayas 15 Syzygium cumini jamu - native to South Asia 16 Ziziphus zizyphus jujube - native to Himalayas Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 23 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Fauna The sub-project lies in the middle of a heavily built up and urbanized area. Hence there is an absence of wildlife near the sub-project location. No wildlife sanctuary or Game Reserve is located in the vicinity of the sub-project area. Domestic animals, small mammals and birds can be encountered in various parts of Lahore. According to a study conducted in 1965 there were 240 bird species; in another study conducted in 1992, only 101 bird species from the parks of Lahore were recorded21. With an increase in the rate of urbanization, the ecology of Lahore has been considerably affected and bird population reduced to 85 species in 2007, including both resident as well as migratory birds22. Resident species include the Indian grey hornbill, yellow- footed green pigeon, parakeets, bulbuls, doves, spotted owlet, Old World babblers, Old World flycatchers, mynas, woodpeckers, crows, black kites, ashy prinia, redstarts, warblers, red- wattled lapwing, kingfishers, and the Oriental white-eye23. The list of birds of Lahore is given in Table 5.4.24 Three types of migratory birds are regular visitors to Lahore, these are winter visitors, summer visitors and transit migrants. The winter visitors come in September and stay until May. They come from northern latitudes and higher altitudes and include the yellow-browed warbler, common starling, white wagtail, yellow wagtail and white-browed wagtail in search of food. The wagtails eat small insects, spiders, mollusks and soft seeds from moist soil. They roost in tall Typha and reed growth on the banks of ponds and lakes. Summer visitors arrive from southern parts of the country; these include Asian koel, purple sunbird, golden oriole and cuckoos. They also come here in search of food and for breeding, they stay in urban Lahore from March until September. The sub-project area does not encounter migratory birds from Siberia as they prefer to stay at major wetlands in Sindh or Southern Punjab. Table 4.4: 25Common Birds of Lahore Scientific Names Common Names Egretta intermedia Intermediate Egret Ardeola grayii Indian-Pond Heron Hoplopterus indicus Red-Wattled Lapwing Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Motacilla alba White Wagtail Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Passer domesticus House Sparrow Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Cridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna Corvus splendens House Crow Nectarinia asiatica Purple sunbird Dicrurus macrocersus vieillot Black Drongo Milvus migrans migrans Black kite Columba livia Blue rocky pigeon Streptopelia senegalensis Little brown dove Halcyon smyrnensis White-breasted Kingfisher 21 Roberts, T. J., (1992). The birds of Pakistan. Vol. 2.Passeriformes. Oxford University Press. 22 Masood, N., (2008). The Study of Ecology and Ecological Linkages of the Lahore Canal Bank from Mustafaabad Bridge to Thokar Niaz Baig. 23 Mirza, Z.B., (2007). A field Guide to Birds of Pakistan. WWF Pakistan. 24 NEC Consultant (2008), National Environmental Sustainable Development Indicators Study, Lahore 25 Bird Ecology from the Ravi river of Lahore, Habitat degradation , The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(4): 2011, Page: 817-821 M. Iqbal, I. Saleem, Z. Ali*, M. A. Khan** and M. Akhtar* Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 24 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Merops orientalis Little Green Bee eater Dinopium benghalense Golden-backed woodpecker Upopa epops Hoopoe Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed jacana Protected Areas There are no protected areas present in Lahore. Changa Manga, a forest planted in 1866 is located at a distance of 85km from Lahore. Once known as one of the largest hand planted forests in the world, it has suffered deforestation from illegal logging. However, the forest is still a hotspot for wildlife in Punjab. Wildlife within the borders of the plantation includes a small remnant population of nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, hog deer Axis porcinus, wild boar Sus scrofa and possibly axis deer Axis axis. Jackal Canis aureus and Asiatic wild cat Felis silvestris ornata can be found there as well. It also serves as a wildlife breeding center. Changa Manga plantation is an important place for restocking projects of Asiatic vultures in Pakistan. A Gyps Vulture Restoration Program was started in 2006 by WWF-Pakistan to conserve and breed endangered species of Gyps, especially the white-rumped vulture. 4.4 Socioeconomic Profile Administrative Setup The sub-project area falls in the Lahore District. District Co-ordination Officer is the highest ranked administrator of the district. For the collection of revenue and administration, the districts are subdivided into Tehsils and Union Councils. The total area of district Lahore is 2,300 square kilometers. Demography Lahore is the capital of Punjab with a population of 11.13 million and an annual growth rate of 4.07% according to the 2017 Population Census. It is the second-most populous city of Pakistan with 52.35% male, 47.64% female and 0.01% transgender population26. It is one of wealthiest cities of Pakistan with an estimated GDP of $58.14 billion (PPP) as of 2014.27 The sub-project site at Shadman Lahore is located in a thickly populated area at the center of the city. Lahore has a majority Muslim population of 94%, followed by Christians at 5.8% and other religions.28 Due to the presence of holy sites of Sikhism, a large number of Sikh pilgrims pay a visit to the city annually. Literacy and Educational Facilities Literacy is defined as percentage of population that can read and write at the age of 10 or above. The overall literacy rate of Lahore district is 64.7% and it is ranked number two among 36 districts of Punjab.29 Of the total literate persons 9.3% have intermediate education, 7.2% have a bachelors or equivalent degree, while 2.6 % have a Master’s degree or higher. A number of government schools system exist in Lahore that provide free of cost education to the residents. The system is divided into five levels including primary, high, intermediate and university programs leading to graduate and advanced degrees. All academic education institutions are the responsibility of the provincial governments. The federal government mostly assists in 26 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics- Pakistan population census 27 "GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2016". lboro.ac.uk. 24 April 2017. 28 1998 Population Census of Pakistan 29 Pakistan Social & Living Measurement Survey- PSLM 2006-07; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 25 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services curriculum development, accreditation and some financing of research. Lahore hosts some of Pakistan's oldest educational institutes: Government College Lahore established in 1864; Forman Christian College, a chartered university established in 1864; University of the Punjab, established in 1882; Kinnaird College, established in 1913;Lahore College for Women University, established in 1922, Queen Mary College, Lahore, established in 1908 and University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore(UET Lahore), established in 1921.Most of these reputable universities are public, but in recent years there has also been an upsurge in the number of private universities and schools. Educational facilities located near the sub-project site include Lahore College for Women University, Kinnaird College and Beaconhouse School Shadman. Migration The total number of life time in-migrants in Lahore district was 1,034,848 or 16.4 percent of the total population according to the 1998 population census. 71.7 percent of the migrants came from other districts of Punjab province, 10.1 percent were from Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, 1.3 percent from Federally Administered Areas while remaining 16.9 percent were Pakistanis who repatriated from other countries. The main reason of migration is economic opportunities, presence of better education and health facilities and, availability of basic amenities in Lahore. Occupation The 1998 population census shows that of the total employed persons, 44.7 percent had elementary occupations, followed by service workers, shop and market sale workers at 17.5 percent, and professionals at 9.2 percent. The unemployment rate was 20.7 percent, which was mainly due to unemployment amongst males representing 21.4 percent, while female unemployment rate was just 2.2 percent. This is because of their small proportion in total economically active population. Industry After Karachi, Lahore is the biggest industrial area in Pakistan. There has been a steady expansion of industries in and around Lahore since independence. There are many large industrial units in the district. These units manufacture cotton, woolen and silk cloths, carpets and rugs, textile products, leather and rubber foot wears, wearing apparel, pharmaceutical goods, soap, iron and steel products, heating, plumbing and lighting equipment, hardware, miscellaneous fabricated products, agriculture machinery, engines and turbines, textile machinery, printing machinery, metal working machinery, pumps and compressors, household machinery, water generators, motor generators, transformers, electric fans, communication equipment, cycles and rickshaws. There are also a good number of printing and publishing units and body building workshops. Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of Pakistan. In addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a Motorway (M-2) was completed in 1997 from Lahore to Islamabad. The government has built underpasses to ease congestion and prevent traffic jams. Health The government is active in the health care sector in all districts of the Punjab. The provinces in line with federal ministry of health are making efforts to provide quality health care services to the general public. A network of government hospitals and basic health units is operational Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 26 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services but limited services are available due lack of resources. Other than government hospitals, private hospitals and clinics are present to fulfill the needs of the public. There are a number of health care facilities available in Lahore city and its suburbs. The most prominent health care facilities provided by the government include General Hospital, Lady Wellington Hospital, Mayo Hospital, Fatima Jinnah Hospital, The Children’s Hospital, Services Hospital and Ganga Ram Hospital amongst others. There are also a large number of private hospitals and clinics, as well as those run by charitable organizations. Shaukat Khanam Cancer Hospital is the only cancer hospital in Punjab. Health facilities located near the sub- project location at RMC Lahore are Punjab Institute of Cardiology and Services Hospital. Archaeological and Cultural Property/ Places of Interest Having served as the seat of the Mughal and Sikh Empires, Lahore has a rich historical and cultural history with a number of historic monuments. The Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens constructed by the Mughal Empire are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, while the Badshahi Mosque, Wazir Khan Mosque, and Tombs of Jahangir, Asif Khan and Akbari Sarai are on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites. These places of archaeological importance are at a safe distance from the sub-project site. However, the Race Course Park, Jinnah Park, Lahore College for Women University, Kinnaird College and APWA College are located within 5km radius of the sub-project site. The sub-project physical activities, being low scale are not expected to have any impacts on these sites. Environmental and Social Baseline Page | 27 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Stakeholder Consultations The participation of project stakeholders in project planning, design and implementation is now universally recognized as an integral part of environmental impact assessment. The World Bank guidelines on disclosure of information and stakeholder participation lay emphasis on enforcing the mechanism in every stage of project execution. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 Section 12(3) highlights that “every review of an environmental impact assessment shall be carried out with public participation.â€? United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 endorsed the process of stakeholder participation and consultation as one of the key documents of the conference Agenda 21. Stakeholders are groups and individuals that are affected by or can affect the outcome of a project. As part of the Environmental Assessment (EA) process, stakeholder consultations are undertaken with primary as well as secondary stakeholders. 5.1 Purpose The purpose of stakeholder consultations is to ensure meaningful and adequate consultation with all affected or interested stakeholders in project planning processes. The ESMP preparation followed a participatory planning process with local inputs on decision–making and mitigation measures to ensure that stakeholders concerns are addressed at the project design stage. In accordance with World Bank Guidelines, public consultations are essential to fulfill the following objectives: â–ª Exchange of information related to the project and its possible utilization in the project designing/planning and implementation; â–ª Ascertaining the most acceptable solutions and mitigation measures for possible issues which could arise during implementation of the project activities; â–ª Eliciting community comments and feedback on the proposed project; â–ª Facilitate and maintain dialogue with the stakeholders to gain consent on carrying out project activities in the area; â–ª Encourage transparency and inculcate trust among various stakeholders to gain cooperation and partnership from the communities, local leadership, and NGOs. â–ª Record concerns regarding the various aspects of the project, including the existing situation, project area/area of influence, construction works and the potential impacts of the construction-related activities and operation of the project. â–ª Incorporate mitigations measures to address concerns rose with project design and implementation. 5.2 Consultation Process The consultation process followed for the project is detailed below: Stakeholder Consultations Page | 28 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Identification and Classification of Stakeholders The identification of stakeholders is important for the sustainability of a development project and helps to evaluate and envisage the role of stakeholders. The Stakeholders Analysis refers to the Project Affected Personal (PAPs)/ local community, associated departments/agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and others, whose assets/land, business, structures, installations, interests may be impacted due to the project activities. The influence or impact of stakeholders on the project is elaborated in the form of a matrix and the mitigation measures are proposed accordingly. The stakeholders that are likely to be influenced by the project activities or would like to participate in the project will include: Government Organizations: â–ª Civil Aviation Authority â–ª WAPDA â–ª Provincial Irrigation Department â–ª Provincial Agriculture Department â–ª Provincial Agriculture Departments Inhabitants of the sub-project surrounding areas: â–ª Black Box Concepts â–ª Households close to the project site â–ª A.K Motors â–ª Pakistan State Oil Fuel Station â–ª M.I Traders Project beneficiaries â–ª Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad â–ª Regional Meteorological Center, Lahore â–ª People of Pakistan Classification of Stakeholders Project Stakeholders are classified as primary and secondary stakeholders depending on the influence of the sub-project activities: â—¼ Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions directly affected by the project and can influence the project outcome. â—¼ Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or institutions that are indirectly affected by the project and can influence project delivery process. The list of stakeholders compiled according to the categories is shown in Table 6.1. Table 5.1: List of Stakeholders Primary Stakeholder Secondary Stakeholder Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad Civil Aviation Authority Stakeholder Consultations Page | 29 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Primary Stakeholder Secondary Stakeholder Regional Meteorological Center, Lahore WAPDA Black Box Concepts Provincial Irrigation Department Households close to the project site Provincial Agriculture Departments A.K Motors Provincial Agriculture Department Pakistan State Oil Fuel Station M.I Traders Consultation Methodology One to one meetings were conducted with the primary stakeholders. Sessions were informal to encourage friendly environment, comfortable enough for participants to express their concerns, questions and opinions about the project activities in addition to seeking clarification regarding the project. Survey team highlighted the potential benefits of sub-project implementation and documented any aspects, which need to be covered in detail during the execution stage. The meetings progressed in the following manner: â—¼ A brief sub-project description was provided to the stakeholders. â—¼ Stakeholders were given the opportunity to raise queries or concerns regarding the sub- project. â—¼ Queries were responded to and concerns were documented. Consultation Findings/ Concerns Consultations were carried out with primary stakeholders in Lahore. As the construction activities will be carried out on government owned land, stakeholders did not express any major concerns. The sub-project site in Lahore is located in the Flood Forecasting Division (FFD) of the Regional Meteorological Center which already has weather radar and other observation instruments. The area is mostly commercial and hence the project does not pose any major environmental and social implications. More than 5 houses and businesses residing in the 500 meters of the proposed site were consulted. They were briefed about the proposed development and asked about their concerns, views and suggestions. Consultation record and photographs are presented in Annexure 9 and concerns are summarized in Table 6.2. Table 5.2: Stakeholder Concerns Stakeholders Consulted Concerns Response Pakistan Meteorological Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Project has Concerns to be Department PMD several components managed by various partners. addressed by Location: Islamabad There is high risk that incompletion or non- project performance at one component will impact the other management Respondents: components. Thus affecting the sustainability of the Hazrat Mir, Deputy project. It is suggested to provide PMD autonomy for Director General/ Chief completion of project components. Meteorologist No separate funds should be allocated for equipment training; the provision should be made in the Stakeholder Consultations Page | 30 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Stakeholders Consulted Concerns Response Mr Jan Muhammad contractual requirement of manufacturer installing the Khan, Director Planning equipment for the whole project. Mr Aleem ul Hassan, Required experts for various components of the project Deputy Director should be hired locally. If international consultant is Pakistan Meteorological needed, there should be open competition among local Department and international experts. The project budget has more than 40% budget for Concerns to be experts needed from the World Bank. The budget addressed by estimation should take in to account project management The provision of climate specific data needed for Component has climate change assessments should be included in the been included in project. the project Height of the radar for Lahore should be taken into Tower height has consideration in the presence of population nearby. been designed at 72 meters NOC from CDA, LDA, CAA, NDMA and local Provision made authorities should be taken prior to construction work. in ESMP The AWS should be installed on government owned It will be land in a guarded locality to avoid damage to the installed inside equipment. the RMC Cost of land acquisition (if required) should be made Addresed in part of the project. ESMF with RPF Regional Meteorological Currently, there is no space available at the FFD center Existing Site will Center for new radar installation; however, a possible solution be considered Location: Lahore is to shift the Pilot Balloon Observatory (PBO) building to the Regional Meteorological Center Respondents: Muhammad building which is right across the road and has ample Riaz (Chief space to house PBO. This scenario would have the Meteorologist) following benefits: Fayaz Nazir (Senior The new radar building would be located right next to Electronic Engineer) the existing one. Sahibzad Khan (Director) It would not hamper the efficiency of the observation Organization: Regional instruments in the front yard as it would be built Meteorological Center, behind the existing radar. FFD Lahore Height of the tower should be elevated above 100 ft to It is kept at 72 increase efficiency. meters to improve efficiency Latest and most sustainable building standards should The design be followed to increase the life of the infrastructure for mitigation long term benefits. includes sustainibility component Power backup system should be up to the mark Solar Panels are keeping in view the current load shedding scenario in proposed the city. Stakeholder Consultations Page | 31 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Stakeholders Consulted Concerns Response New radar technology uses less power, so a possibility The design of hybrid systems should be considered mitigation includes energy conservation technology Auto Calibration rain gauges should be installed at Taken into different ranges i.e. 50, 100, 200, 240 and 480 account at kilometers. This would increase the efficiency of technology current and proposed systems. selection The maintenance schedule after the project Implementation implementation must be included. The provision of mitigations spares must be guaranteed for at least 10 years. Additional staff must be hired for the new system, Staff needs are which should include at least 5 meteorologists and 4 included in PAD sub-engineers. and PC-1 Vehicles should be provided for remote sensing. Budgetary provision The staff should all be given trainings on radar Radar Installation meteorology. team will provide training Coordination for the project implementation should be Management improved with timely information dissemination. High resolution output systems should be used. Taken into account at technology selection Regional Meteorological Majority of the stakeholders showed that they have no Center direct or indirect concerns or issues and they all Location: Lahore appreciated the proposed development. Stakeholders 500m Some participants said that rays generated by radars Radar height is radius of sub-project site may affect humans especially infants that’s why it designed to be 72 at RMC should be installed outside of the residential areas. metres to avoid Stakeholders impacts M.I Traders Some participants expressed about employment Locals will be Household opportunities will be available in result of proposed given preference Black Box Concepts development. for hiring Households A.K Motors PSO Pump Stakeholder Consultations Page | 32 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation This section discusses the potential and localized environmental impacts that may arise from the project activities and the mitigation measures proposed to avoid, minimize and reduce these impacts. 6.1 Impact Assessment Approach To screen, identify and evaluate the impacts, the nature, extent, duration, scale and other parameters of the sub-project activities are to be studied along with conditions of the environmental and social baselines. The following approach has been adopted for impacts identification, assessment and mitigation. Figure 6.1: Approach to Identify, Assess and Mitigate Impacts The installation of the WSR is likely to improve the current infrastructure of PMD leading to improvement disaster management capability. It is a small scale construction project with low to moderate impacts on environmental and social receptors. The potential environmental and social impacts during construction and operation phases were identified and evaluated in accordance with the impact assessment framework. 6.2 Sub-Project Area of Impact The sub-project area of impact includes the immediate area and wider area surrounding the construction location. Immediate Area of Impact This includes the area surrounding the construction site that may suffer impacts due to the sub- project activities. The immediate area of impact may include but is not limited to the following: â–ª Project Site and 5km radial distance including residential and commercial establishments as well as educational institutes â–ª Access roads Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 33 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services The project construction is likely to impact the immediate area. The identified critical receptors within a 5km radial distance are as follows: â–ª Rehmania Park Shadman â–ª Lahore College Women University â–ª Shadman Market â–ª Shadman Colony â–ª Race Course Park Figure 6.2: Critical Receptors Near Sub-project Site 6.3 Impact Assessment Approach The construction of the WSR tower involves various activities which may temporarily impair various components of the physical and ecological environment of the area. Proposed mitigation measures will reduce the impacts to negligible by enabling offsets and pollution abatement technologies. The proposed mitigation measures are based on the magnitude of the impact, sensitivity and behavior of the environmental and social receptors at the project site, regulatory requirements, and best management practices. The potential impacts have been analyzed in Table 7.1 impact assessment framework, and mitigation measures are proposed in the following sections. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 34 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table 6.1: Impact Assessment Framework Impacts on Project Impacts on Physical Environmental Ecological Impacts on Social Environment Activities Environment Health and Safety of Workers Water/ Electricity /Gas / Fuel Loss of land holdings and Public Health, Safety and Archaeological resources Cultural/religious and Surface Water Quality Electromagnetic Field Groundwater Quality Biodiversity /Ecology Traffic Management Ambient Air Quality Ambient Noise level Drinking Water Consumption Employment Soil Erosion Solid Waste livelihood Economy Land use Climate security Fauna Flora Design Phase (Installation of WSR) Technology M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- selection Building design M- M- M- M- Construction Phase (Installation of WSR ) Site clearing M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- H- M- M- M- M- H+ and preparation Civil work M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- including M- M- M- M- M- H+ laying of foundation Mechanical M- M- M- M- M- M- work for the water and natural gas H+ supply, distribution and drainage. Electrical M- M- M- M- M- M- H+ Layout Backup M- M- M- generator for M- M- H+ the machinery Solar panel installation at H+ M- H+ H- H+ H+ roof top Installation of M- M- M- M- M- M- H+ H+ Weather Radar Cleaning and H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Restoration Operations/ Post Construction Phase WSR, AWS and Wind M- M- M- L- M- M- H+ H+ Profiler Note: H- = High Negative Impact; M- = Moderate Negative Impact; L- = Low Negative Impact H+ = High Positive Impact; M+ = Moderate Positive Impact; L+ = Low Positive Impact. Blank=None Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 35 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 6.4 Mitigation Guidelines and Best Practices Mitigation measures proposed in this section are based on international best practices and guidelines. The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental and social guidelines are listed below. â—¼ Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines prepared by International Finance Corporation and World Bank in 200730. â—¼ Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998: Towards Cleaner Production31. â—¼ Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross- Sectoral Issues.32 â—¼ Social Analysis Sourcebook33. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) IFC General Guidelines6 The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These General EHS Guidelines are designed to be used together with the relevant Industry Sector EHS Guidelines which provide guidance to users on EHS issues in specific industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The proposed sub project does not fall in sector specific guidelines therefore EHS general guidelines will be applicable to the pre-construction, construction and post construction activities are given in Table 6.2. The construction contractor will follow the applicable guidelines including 1.1 to 1.8, 2.1to 2.9 and 3.1 to 3.7. 30http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies- standards/ehs-guidelines 31 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/758631468314701365/Pollution-prevention-and-abatement-handbook-1998- toward-cleaner-production 32http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/223391468174870007/Environmental-assessment-sourcebook-volume-1- policies-procedures-and-cross-sectoral-issues 33 http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01028/WEB/0__CO-15.HTM Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 36 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table 6.2: IFC/World Bank General EHS Guidelines World Bank Environmental Code of Practices The World Bank Environmental Code of Practices (ECoPs) is to address less significant environmental impacts and all general construction related impacts of the proposed project implementation. The ECoPs provide guidelines for best operating practices and environmental management guidelines to be followed by the contractors for sustainable management of all Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 37 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services environmental issues. The list of ECoPs is provided below. Detailed ECoPs can be found in Annexure 6. â—¼ ECP 1: Waste Management â—¼ ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Substances Management â—¼ ECP 3: Water Resources Management â—¼ ECP 4: Drainage Management â—¼ ECP 5: Soil Quality Management â—¼ ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control â—¼ ECP 8: Air Quality Management â—¼ ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management â—¼ ECP 10: Protection of Flora â—¼ ECP 11: Protection of Fauna â—¼ ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management â—¼ ECP 15: Cultural and Religious Issues â—¼ ECP 16: Workers Health and Safety 6.5 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Design Phase The design phase activities of the sub-project include the infrastructure design, site selection and preparation for civil works. The associated impact of installation of WSR, AWS and Wind Profiler on the ecological, physical and human environment is given below. Biodiversity and Natural Resources None of the sub-project activities will be of a harmful nature to biodiversity and natural resources as the sub-project site is not located in an environmentally sensitive location. The project site for WSR is within a urban location with negligible wildlife, and is at a reasonable distance from critical and sensitive receptors including reserve forests, national parks, wetlands, marine protected areas and wildlife sanctuaries. Similarly, there are no sensitive habitats present within the project site that support endangered mammal or bird species. Hence impact on flora and fauna is negligible. Sub-project site may require tree cutting and vegetative clearing therefore mitigations are proposed in the design phase to avoid maximum damage. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 10 Protection of Flora are: Mitigation Measures â–ª Incorporate technical design measures to minimize unnecessary removal of trees and vegetative cover; â–ª Plan for compensatory planting of eight trees against each fallen tree of similar floral function; â–ª Disallow introduction of invasive/ exotic species; and recommend native species for plantation. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 38 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Natural Disasters The sub-project site is in Zone 2A of seismic zonation prone to minor to moderate damage from earthquakes. The impact is likely to be moderate in case of earthquakes. There is also a minor chance of flooding due to blocked drainage during Monsoon rains. Mitigation Measure â–ª The building design will be earthquake resistant according to Building Codes of Pakistan with Seismic provisions for Zone 2 and international best practices to avoid damage caused by earthquake; â–ª Variety of structural engineering measures or structural components like shear walls, braced frames, moment resisting frames, and diaphragms, base isolation, energy dissipating devices and bracing of non-structural components are proposed. Simpler techniques include avoiding soft stories and bolting the sill plate of houses to the foundation; â–ª Primary focus of earthquake design is initial life safety and getting people out of the building safely, not necessarily the ability of a building to withstand the effects of an earthquake, or to ensure occupancy or functionality following an event. Therefore building design will include emergency exits and alarm system; â–ª Planning, designing and constructing the building to minimize any potential flood damages using guidelines of Annexure 10. Following are proposed: â–¡ elevating as much of the building as possible above the design flood level; â–¡ designing the building foundation and any portions subject to flooding to withstand design flood conditions and loads; â–¡ using flood-damage-resistant materials for any portions of the building below the design flood level; â–¡ where flood proofing is permitted, employing appropriate methods and materials to either dry-flood proof or wet-flood proof those portions of the building below the design flood level. Water /Electricity/ Natural Gas/ Fuel Consumption There will be an increase in resource consumption, especially water during civil works and energy during operations of the WSR. Mitigation Measures â–ª Prepare an Energy and Water Conservation Plan for construction â–ª Design of buildings will include installation of Solar Panels; â–ª Provision of Low Voltage electrical appliances will be made in procurement procedures; Air Quality and Noise Levels Sub-project activities associated with construction may increase the ambient air quality and noise levels of the at the sub-project sites. The noise and air pollution sources include site clearing, construction machinery, generators, civil and mechanical work. The impacts are likely to be moderate, especially on the surrounding residential areas and educational institutes. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 39 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Mitigation measures in line with ECP 8 Air Quality Management and ECP 9 Noise and Vibration Management will include: Mitigation Measures â–ª Air quality and noise level baselines will be established to enable monitoring during construction phase; â–ª Provision of compliance to NEQS of vehicular emission will be made in the contract of construction contractor and SOP’s of PMD vehicles;; â–ª Locations of Batching Plant, concrete mixers and other noise generating equipment will be identified away from residents; â–ª Contractor shall prepare an Emissions Monitoring Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by construction machinery and vehicles with operations and maintenance plan for the same; â–ª Traffic Management Plan for construction will be formulated during design phase that enable continuous traffic flow and avoid congestions which result in increased vehicle smoke density at a given area; â–ª Plan to neutralize dust emissions from construction activity, such as regular watering of sub-project sites to settle dust; â–ª Use of Hazardous material list will be strictly prohibited in construction and provision will be made part of the contract. Solid Waste Management Improper solid waste disposal can result in increased air pollution through burning of waste, vector borne diseases, contamination of water sources and ambient aesthetics for surrounding communities. Impact is likely to be moderate. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 1 Waste Management and ECP 2 Fuel and Hazardous Substances Management will include: Mitigation Measures â—¼ Prepare a detailed Solid Waste Management Plan for construction site minimising use of plastics and encourage recycling â—¼ Identify current municipal systems of waste management or private waste disposal services; â—¼ Placement of waste collection containers throughout the project area; â—¼ Disallow the burning of any of type of waste; â—¼ Prepare plans for the safe handling, storage and disposal of harmful materials and hazardous waste. Workers Health and Safety Use of heavy machinery and handling of chemicals by workers can result in health impacts and accidents. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 16 include: Mitigation Measures â—¼ Prepare a Workers Health and Safety Plan for the construction phase. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 40 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 6.6 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Construction Phase The potential impacts associated with the construction of the WSR tower are elaborated below: Landscape/Soil Existing land use of the WSR sub-project site is an open space adjacent to the RMC office building used for landscaping. There will be no drastic change in the landscape during construction as the sub-project site is a plain terrain. Construction at site is likely to carry out site clearance, vehicular, labour and machinery movement causing soil erosion and compaction. There is also a potential for contamination of soil via runoff from construction activities including oil spills, construction material, dredged / spoil materials and construction waste. The impact is likely to be moderate, however, it be will be confined to construction site and phase. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 4 Drainage Management, ECP 5 Soil Quality Management and ECP 6 Erosion and Sediment Control will include: Mitigation Measures â–ª Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible; â–ª Safe drainage of run-off from construction activities will be ensured; â–ª Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible; â–ª Water will be sprinkled during construction to avoid soil erosion and dust pollution; â–ª Construction materials will be stored in proper stores on impervious sheets to avoid any soil contamination; â–ª Machinery and vehicles will be operated at designated routes to avoid erosion and compaction of un-impacted soils; â–ª Visual Inspection will be carried out for land contamination and dust emissions; â–ª The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills will be removed and will be handed over to waste contractor for treatment at nearest incineration facility or waste disposal and treatment at Mehmood Boti; â–ª Major spills may require specialized treatment such as incineration, bioremediation and biodegradation. The biological agents will be introduced to the spill to hasten biodegradation. Most of the components of oil will be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms into harmless substances such as fatty acids and carbon dioxide. To stimulate the growth of the microorganisms, fertilizing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous will be placed near the oil tanks. Ambient Air Quality and Climate The construction activities will cause adverse impacts on air quality. Cement mixers (Batch Plant), movement of the machinery and soil excavation may release particulate matter 2.5/10 and fugitive dust which will deteriorate ambient air quality in the vicinity of the sub-project site. Construction vehicles and generators are likely to generate dust and exhaust emissions such as oxides of Carbon (COx) Oxides of Sulphur (SOx), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). Impact on local air quality is high as a result of gaseous emissions and particulate matter. The construction work is not likely to impact the climate of the area, however, there will be minimal increase in GHG emission from above mentioned sources. The impact is likely to be moderate. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 41 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Mitigation Measures Following NEQS and ECP 8 Air Quality Management as performance indicators; â—¼ Contractor shall execute the Emissions Monitoring Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by construction machinery and vehicles with operations and maintenance plan for the same; â—¼ Water will be sprinkled twice a day to avoid fugitive dust emissions; â—¼ Contractor shall execute the Traffic Management Plan to enable continuous traffic flow and avoid congestions which result in increased vehicle smoke density; â—¼ Construction machinery and vehicles will be kept in good conditions to avoid vehicular emissions. Vehicular and generator exhaust emissions will be monitored to ensure compliance; â—¼ Unnecessary movement of vehicles will be avoided at the construction location; â—¼ Open burning of solid waste from the Contractor’s work areas should be strictly banned; 
 â—¼ Wind breaks /barriers (either natural or constructed) will be deployed to reduce the possibility of suspended particles in air; â—¼ Raw materials such as cement, gravels and sand will be kept under sheet covers to prevent air flow; â—¼ In order to further reduce the environmental impact of Cement Works (Concrete Batching Plant), the concrete batching plant will incorporate the following design and practices: â?‘ Cement will be transferred directly from Trucks to the construction site â?‘ All mixing will be in the enclosed electric motor driven plant mixer, NOT in trucks. â?‘ Truck loaded with concrete will be in wet form. â?‘ All washing water used by the batch plant and storm water will be collected and stored and recycled for re-use. â?‘ No water will be discharged outside the construction boundary. â?‘ Concrete recycling machine be used to recycle waste material to slurry water and aggregates for reuse. Surface/Ground Water Resources Drainage channel in close vicinity of sub-project site is a Shadman storm water drain leading to River Ravi. Construction activities may encourage soil erosion and increase the sediment load into the city drainage, while accidental leaks/spills of oil/fuel from storage tanks or maintenance vehicles can also pollute surface waters. Construction waste and oil spills, if left unattended will result in forming leachate that will percolate through the soil strata and may contaminate the groundwater table. The sources of contamination and wastewater may likely be from the following sources: â—¼ Disposal of construction waste and solid waste into the water channel; â—¼ Possible oil spills from fuel storage area; â—¼ Surface runoff due to rainfall causing blockage of drainage; Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 42 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services â—¼ Used oil, paints, cleaning solvents and other chemicals may generate liquid hazardous wastes. â—¼ Wastewater from temporary sanitation facilities for the workers may also result in contamination of subsoil water. The impact is likely to be low as the construction site is 1km away from the drainage channel. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 3 Water Resources Management and ECP 4 Drainage Management include: Mitigation Measures â—¼ Debris Management Plan; the contractor will ensure that construction debris does not find its way into the drainage or water channels which may get clogged; â—¼ Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in surface waters; â—¼ All fuel storage will be properly marked to highlight their contents with a concrete pad underneath to prevent contamination in case of leaks or spills. Daily monitoring will be carried out for leaks. Shovels, plastic bags, and absorbent material will be placed near fuel and oil storage or handling areas to attend spills and leaks; â—¼ Used oil and vehicle related waste will be transported to local contractors for recycling or reuse; â—¼ Proper disposal of solid and sewage waste from workers sanitation facilities to ensure it is not disposed in the drainage channel. Water /Electricity/ Natural Gas and Fuel Consumption There will be an increase in water, electricity, natural gas and fuel consumption from the baseline during construction. Preparation of sand, cement mortar, curing of walls before and after plastering require a large amount of water that may get extracted from the groundwater bore at the sub-project area. The impact is likely to be moderate. Mitigation Measures â—¼ Contractor will execute the Energy and Water Conservation Plan â—¼ Water meters will be installed at sub-project site to monitor water consumption; â—¼ Construction staff will be trained on water conservation practices to avoid excessive loss; â—¼ Water required for construction should be obtained in a way so that water availability and supply to residing area remains unaffected; â—¼ Approval will be attained from local authorities prior to construction work. Solid Waste Generation During construction phase, solid waste can be generated from discarded equipment parts, scrap metals, equipment boxes, wood parts, empty bags, and leftover construction debris. The excavated material may also be considered as solid waste as it would require disposal. Solid waste will also be generated from workers facilities at the construction sites. The sub-project location in Lahore is already under the management of the Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC) for solid waste. Waste collection and disposal mechanism is in place will be used for the maximum allowable waste. The construction material and waste may contain Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 43 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services hazardous/toxic chemical materials banned as per international best practices. The impact is likely to be moderate as the material may include: â–ª Asbestos (pipe covers flooring and building material) â–ª Lead (Roofing material and pipes) â–ª Cadmium (used as corrosion resistant agent in steel) â–ª Polyvinyl Chloride (pipes) â–ª VOCs (formaldehyde in form solvents, paints, synthetic coating) â–ª Silica (in various building material-exposure causes lung cancer) â–ª Wood preservatives (Creosotes and Arsenic) â–ª Halogenated flame Retardants (mixed in concrete construction material) Mitigation measures in line with ECP 1 Solid Waste Management and ECP 2 Fuels and Hazardous Substances Management include Mitigation Measures â–ª Solid Waste Management Plan will be executed by Construction Contractor. In case of the occurrence of toxic/hazardous chemical materials, it will be handled according to hazardous waste management best international practices. The plan will be prepared with following provisions: o Solid waste collection, segregation, storage and disposal will be carried out for waste generated. For at source segregation separate waste bins will be placed at sub-project sites. Recyclable material will be segregated whereas non- hazardous waste will be disposed-off at approved disposal site; o Private contractors will be hired for responsible disposal of construction waste o Labeling of containers will be carried out including the identification and quantity of the contents, hazard information; o Marking of Hazardous/toxic waste ‘if generated’ separately and disposal using international best practices through registered contractor; o Used oil will be collected in separate containers stored on impervious platform with restricted access and must be sold to licensed contractor; o Burning of solid and waste oil should be strictly prohibited o Training of workers will be carried out in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination; o Emergency Response Plan will be prepared to address the accidental spillage of fuels and hazardous/toxic material, fire, vandalism and natural hazards; â–ª On completion of the construction phase of the project, the contractor will be required to rehabilitate the site. Rehabilitation will include removal of all construction materials and wastes, and the grading and landscaping of all exposed sites that may be prone to erosion. Where natural erosion protection measures may not be possible or practical, suitable physical erosion protection methods will be used. The purposes of site rehabilitation will be to minimize the potential for soil erosion, enhance the aesthetic appearance of the site and restore safe public access to the surrounding area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 44 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Noise Levels Noise is one of the aspects which may cause hearing impacts on workers and communities in immediate vicinity especially during morning office/school hours and at night time. The construction activities are likely to generate high noise levels. The sources of noise in construction are provided as follows: â—¼ Asphalt Plant â—¼ Construction and excavation work such as heavy earth moving equipment/ machinery, pilling work, welding, cuttings, drilling, grinding. â—¼ Material loading/offloading vehicles and other transport used by construction contractor. The sub-project construction activities are restricted to a confined area within the site. Impact of noise is likely to be moderate from baseline noise levels (60-70dB). The impact will be high to the workers and moderate to the residents not causing hearing loss. Table 7.2 details the impact of noise at various levels. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 9 Noise and Vibration Management will include: Table 6.3: Noise Impact34 No Noise level dB Impact 1 60 Hearing damage in 8 hours 2 80 Hearing damage in 8 hours 3 85 Hearing damage in 2 hours 4 100 Hearing damage in 2 hours 5 110 Hearing damage in 30 min 6 120 Hearing damage in 7.5 min 7 130 Pain threshold 8 150 Hearing damage in 30 sec 9 300 Complete hearing loss Mitigation Measures â–ª The location for stationary noise sources like asphalt plant, grinding, drilling and welding machinery will be selected at a reasonable distance from residing population. The cement tankers will be working inside enclosure with cladding to reduce noise; â–ª ; â–ª The construction material loaders will only operate during night time as per rules of traffic police in Islamabad. Working hours will be allocated for the use of batching plant, equipment and other machinery; â–ª School time and late night construction activities will be avoided; â–ª Use of noise barriers in locations next to schools; â–ª Blowing of horn will be strictly prohibited; 34Source:Urbanization and Sustainable Cities 100: Environmental Science, International Science, 5th edition (1991) Cunningham Saigo Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 45 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services â–ª Noise monitoring will be carried out at various locations using noise meters. Site labour working in high noise areas including asphalt plant, grinding and welding machinery, where noise level exceeds 85 dB (A), will wear earplugs and ear muffs; â–ª Measures will be taken to maintain noise level of 55 dB at day and 45 dB at night time will be maintained. Biodiversity and Ecology Since the sub-project location is in urban areas, there are no potential impacts on local flora and fauna. It is entirely build up area with no evidence of sensitive fauna or flora. However, the construction may require clearing of vegetation. The ecological impacts of the project are not likely to be beyond the immediate footprint of the construction site. Mitigation â–ª Planting of eight trees for every tree cut during construction; â–ª Do not introduce invasive or exotic species through plantation. Public Health and Safety Construction activities and movement of heavy vehicles at construction sites and access service roads may result in road side accidents, particularly with the residents who may not be familiar with the presence of heavy equipment. Roads and streets, particularly in urban areas may also be blocked during construction. The sub-project is located near a college. There will be a movement of students in the vicinity during certain hours of the day. The impact is likely to be moderate. Mitigation Measures 
 â–ª Use signage to inform general public of construction area and its limits â–ª Train drivers operating heavy vehicles in road and pedestrian safety; â–ª Set appropriate speed limits to avoid accidents; â–ª Use of heavy vehicles on public roads will be avoided during hours when students are coming to school or leaving school; â–ª Placement of construction and diversion signage, particularly at urban areas and at sensitive/accident-prone spots, in accordance to a Public Safety Plan; â–ª Provision of alternate routes for use by the public will be planned. Workers Health and Safety Use of heavy machinery and handling of hazardous waste and chemicals may result in health impacts for workers on the construction site. Presence of asbestos in old and new building material is hazardous to health. Mitigation Measures In accordance to the Workers Health and Safety Plan and ECP 16 Workers Health and Safety, ensure: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 46 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services â–ª The workers have full access to health facilities and emergency response centers (fire, earthquake and floods) and police station. In case of emergency, the injured will be taken to the nearest medical facility. â–ª Provision of clean drinking water will be ensured for the construction crew; â–ª Hygiene inspections will be carried out to avoid disease epidemic; â–ª In case of unlikely incidents (fire, vandalism) the workers will be evacuated and emergency response and law enforcement agencies will be engaged; â–ª Fire safety alarms will be installed at various locations; â–ª Fire extinguishers will be placed at various locations including a water hose installation at ground level; â–ª Fire safety and emergency response trainings will be conducted; â–ª Hazards indicator signs and firefighting equipment will be installed; â–ª The construction crew will be trained on important aspects of workplace safety; â–ª Construction machinery operators and drivers will be trained to avoid associated accidents using machines and vehicles; â–ª Flammables and other toxic materials will be marked and stored at secured sites; â–ª Onsite first aid kits will be kept at construction sites and randomly moving vehicles\machinery. â–ª Do not allow workers with inadequate training to operate heavy machinery; â–ª Provision of appropriate and high quality Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to workers such as gloves, vests, hard-hats, masks etc.; 
 â–ª Train workers in the use of PPE and safety measures while using heavy machinery and handling chemicals. â–ª Follow guidelines for Asbestos and Asbestos based product use in construction (Annexure 11) Physical /Cultural/ Archeological Resources The sub-project site includes religiously and culturally important sites at a reasonable distance. Excavation work during construction may result in the uncovering of ancient sites or artifacts. Impact is likely to be low. In line with ECP 15, mitigation measures include: Mitigation Measures Construction staff will be trained and informed on identifying the evidence of archaeological/historic remains. In case evidence of archaeological remains is found during construction activities, the actions listed below will be undertaken. â–ª Excavation work in the vicinity of the find will be stopped; â–ª Assistance will be sought from the nearest office of the Department of Archaeology and Museums to identify the remains; â–ª If the department decides to salvage the find, PMD will provide assistance. â–ª Detailed procedure for Archaeological Chance Finds included in Annexure 12. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 47 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Traffic Management The sub-project site is in urban area close to social sensitive receptors like houses, markets, schools, colleges and offices. The construction work may likely impact the traffic flow. Increase in the traffic flow will occur as a result of: â–ª Use of trucks for movement of construction material to project site; â–ª Mobilization and use heavy equipment for construction; This slight increase in traffic may also cause accidental injuries, deteriorate ambient air quality and generate noise. It may also cause restrictions to access, traffic congestion and nuisance to the general public. Mitigation measures in line with ECP 13 Road Transport and Road Traffic Management will include: Mitigation Measures â–ª Contractor will execute the Traffic Management Plan. â–ª Vehicles will be inspected prior to start of construction work. â–ª Alternate routes will be created to avoid disturbance to schools and hospital; â–ª Movement of construction equipment will be limited to specific duration when there is least disturbance to the residing offices and nearby schools; â–ª Adequate road signs will be erected to warn general public; â–ª The contractor will be advised to follow vehicular maintenance to reduce engine noise; â–ª Drivers will be trained to follow the designated routes and avoid honking; â–ª The construction trucks will be adequately covered with tarpaulin covers to avoid flow into air. Positive Socioeconomic Impacts The proposed project will have following positive socioeconomic impacts: â–ª The forecasting monitoring center will evaluate the data covering North and south Punjab which is an area of agricultural productivity. It is likely to enhance rainfall forecasting which will eventually improve the agriculture sector by providing information on the rainfall pattern. â–ª Tremendous loss of lives and livelihoods occurred in 2010 flooding. Improved rainfall forecasting can minimize the loss caused by flash flooding and excessive rainfall. The objective of the center is to provide the users with a better forecast to plan ahead and disseminate the information to avoid loss of lives. â–ª The data will be used by with ministry of defense, disaster management authorities, civil aviation and Pakistan air force. Enhanced weather forecasting will help them in smooth operation reducing the damages due to unpredicted weather changes. â–ª Proposed project will create jobs in addition to providing desired data to various sectors. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 48 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 6.7 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation-Operations Phase Air Quality and Climate The new installations are likely to hire additional staff subsequently there will be an increase in number of vehicles entering the project area. This will lead to increased vehicular emissions during project operation that may pose potentially negative impacts on the air quality of the area if not mitigated properly. Similarly, in absence of solar panel backup generators may cause emissions. Emissions may carry over long distances, depending on wind speed and direction, the temperature of the surrounding air, and atmospheric stability. The impact is likely to be low. Mitigation Measures â—¼ The project staff will be advised to car pool and use and local transport; â—¼ Provision of pick and drop for staff to avoid additional load on air quality; â—¼ Vehicles with excessive smoke emissions should not be allowed to enter the sub-project locations. Solid Waste There will be an increase in solid waste generation due to additional building maintenance and staff employed for the sub-projects. Sub-project site is located in areas where solid waste collection is provided by the LWMC. Hazardous waste will include rechargeable batteries from the AWS and solar panels. Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures include: â–ª Decrease solid waste going to landfills by segregating at source with labeled dust bins for biodegradable, non- biodegradable and recyclable products; â–ª Disposal of biodegradable to the municipality for treatment; â–ª Clearance of reusable and recyclable waste to certified recycling companies; â–ª Recycle rechargeable batteries through certified companies. Electromagnetic Field (EMF) There may be radiation impacts of EMF related to the Weather Surveillance Radar. People who live or routinely work around radars have expressed concerns about long-term adverse effects of these systems on health, including cancer, reproductive malfunction, cataracts and changes in behaviour or development of children. Radars usually operate at radio frequencies (RF) between 300 MHz and 15 GHz. They generate EMFs that are called RF fields. RF fields within this part of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to interact differently with human body. RF fields below 10 GHz (to 1 MHz) penetrate exposed tissues and produce heating due to energy absorption. The depth of penetration depends on the frequency of the field and is greater for lower frequencies. Absorption of RF fields in tissues is measured as a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) within a given tissue mass. The unit of SAR is watts per kilogram (W/kg). SAR is the quantity used to measure the "dose" of RF fields between about 1 MHz and 10 GHz. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 49 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services SAR of at least 4 W/kg is needed to produce known adverse health effects in people exposed to RF fields in this frequency range. 35 RF fields above 10 GHz are absorbed at the skin surface, with very little of the energy penetrating into the underlying tissues. The basic dosimetric quantity for RF fields above 10 GHz is the intensity of the field measured as power density in watts per square metre (W/m2) or for weak fields in milliwatts per square metre (mW/m2) or microwatts per square metre (µW/m2). Weather radars operate at higher frequencies but generally have lower average and peak powers. Under normal conditions, if radar is installed at a higher elevation, they pose no hazard to the general public.36 An extensive program of measurement surveys, hazard communication, coupled with effective protective measures, is required around all radar installations for safety of workers. Monitoring should be performed to quantify RF field levels in the area. While extremely high RF field levels can be measured directly in front of radar to assess the levels of EMF.37 World Health Organisation Standards will be used for compliance. According to WHO guidance documents, to produce any adverse health effect, RF exposure above a threshold level must occur. The known threshold level is the exposure needed to increase tissue temperature by at least 1oC. The very low RF environmental field levels from radar systems cannot cause any significant temperature rise. Exposure to RF fields above 10 GHz at power densities over 1000 W/m2 are known to produce adverse health effects, such as eye cataracts and skin burns. Mitigation Measures â–ª Engineering controls for EMF include interlocks, electronic means to exclude the radar pointing within office complex in the tower building, and shielding; â–ª Administrative controls include audible and visible alarms, warning signs, and restriction of access through barriers, locked doors, or limiting access time to radar; â–ª Workers will use personal protective equipment to ensure compliance with exposure standards. Conductive suits, gloves, safety shoes and other types of personal protective equipment for RF fields are now commercially available. PPEs should be used with great care, since the attenuation properties of the material used to make this protective equipment can vary dramatically with frequency; â–ª RF safety glasses will be used near the radar operating area. Special care will be taken in buying the glasses since any metal may enhance local fields by acting as a receiving antenna; â–ª There are no exposure situations where members of the general public need to use protective equipment for RF fields from weather radars; â–ª Radar will be installed at a specified height. 35 Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook- Radiation Hazards - 36 WHO Electromagnetic fields and public health: radars and human health publications 37 To date, researchers have not found evidence that multiple exposures to RF fields below threshold levels cause any adverse health effects. No accumulation of damage occurs to tissues from repeated low level RF exposure. At present, there is no substantive evidence that adverse health effects, including cancer, can occur in people exposed to RF levels at or below the limits set by international standards. However, more research is needed to fill certain gaps in knowledge. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 50 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Flora and Fauna Scientific literature was screened for articles on ecological effects of RF-EMF. According to a review of the ecological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields 38 , RF-EMF had a significant effect on birds, insects, other vertebrates, other organisms and plants in 70% of the studies. Development and reproduction of birds and insects are the most strongly affected endpoints. An uncertainty exists on the effects of EMR exposure on birds due to lack of studies. Most studies indicate the possibilities of the changes in the behaviour, physiology, breeding success and mortality. The effects of EMF exposure may be examined in light of multiple intensities are not conducted. Mitigation Measures The possible biological effects of electromagnetic fields on avian biology are inconclusive and uncertain. Since the EMF will not be directed towards ground, therefore, it is unlikely to impact vegetation including trees, grass, and shrubs and ground animals. Moreover the influence of EMF with other environmental factors on birds is not available that may provide important information for conservation of birds. 6.8 Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan (ESMMP) ESMMP is a tool to manage and monitor environmental impacts and specifically focuses on implementation of mitigation measures on ground against likely environmental and social impacts. The activities related to the sub-project will be managed and monitored according to the management plan elaborated in this chapter. The primary objectives of the ESMMP with respect to project activities are to: â–ª Define the responsibilities of the sub-project proponent and sub-project partners during design, construction and operations phase (institutional and organizational arrangements) to ensure effective communication of environmental and social issues; â–ª Define the responsibilities of the sub-project proponent and contractors to comply with the mitigation measures against every potential impact discuss in the ESMP. â–ª Define a monitoring mechanism, identify monitoring parameters and training requirements in order to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and provide a plan for implementation of training session and monitoring plan; â–ª Provide a mechanism for taking timely action against any unanticipated environmental situations; â–ª Identify the resources required to implement the ESMP and outline the required budget. The environmental monitoring and mitigation plan is summarized in Table 7.3. 38 S.Cucurachietal W.L.M.Tamis, M.G.Vijver, W.J.G.M.Peijnenburg, and G.R.de Snoo Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 51 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table 6.4: Environmental and Social Mitigation and Management Plan Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria Design Phase At the time Construction 1. Incorporate technical design measures to minimize of design Environmental Project designs The project sites WSR unnecessary removal of trees and vegetative cover; preparation Safeguards Biodiversity and Implementatio Tree count and AWS may require 2. Plan for compensatory planting of eight trees against At the time Specialist – Natural n Units (PIU) Compensatory ESMP tree cutting for site each fallen tree of similar floral function; of design PIU, Design Resources Design Tree Plantation Contractor, clearing. 3. Disallow introduction of invasive/ exotic species; and finalization Contractors Plans recommend native species for plantation. Tree Species 1. The building design will be earthquake resistant according to Building Codes of Pakistan with Seismic provision and international best practices to avoid damage caused by earthquake; 2. Variety of structural engineering measures or ESMP structural components like shear walls, braced Building frames, moment resisting frames, and diaphragms, Sub-project The Sub-project site is Environmental Codes of base isolation, energy dissipating devices and bracing design maps with in Zone 2- minor to Safeguards Pakistan with of non-structural components are proposed. Simpler incorporation of moderate in case of techniques include avoiding soft stories and bolting PIU At the time Specialist – Seismic earthquakes. There is building codes PIU, Provision Natural Disasters the sill plate of houses to the foundation; Design for Zone 2 of design also some seasonal Contractor, using 3. Primary focus of earthquake design is initial life Contractors flooding during Construction Project earthquake safety and getting people out of the building safely, Monsoor rains due to contractor ToRs Directors Zone 3 not necessarily the ability of a building to withstand blocked drains the effects of an earthquake, or to ensure occupancy PMD standards for or functionality following an event. Therefore identified building design will include emergency exits and project sites alarm system. 4. Planning, designing and constructing the building to minimize any potential flood damages using guidelines of Annexure 10. Following are proposed: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 52 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria â–ª elevating as much of the building as possible above the design flood level, â–ª designing the building foundation and any portions subject to flooding to withstand design flood conditions and loads, â–ª using flood-damage-resistant materials for any portions of the building below the design flood level â–ª where flood proofing is permitted, employing appropriate methods and materials to either dry-flood proof or wet-flood proof those portions of the building below the design flood level Environmental ESMP There will be an 1. Prepare an Energy and Water Conservation Plan for Safeguards Water Design provision Green /Electricity/ increase in construction PIU At the time Specialist – for water, Building Natural Gas/ Fuel infrastructure utilities/ 2. Design of buildings will include installation of Solar of design PIU, Design electricity, Council Consumption resource consumption Panels; Contractor, Contractors natural gas and guidelines / due to construction 3. Provision of Low Voltage electrical appliances will Project fuel conservation international work. be made in procurement procedures. Directors PMD best Practices 1. Air quality and noise level baselines will be established to enable monitoring during construction Preparation of phase; Emissions Project activities associated with 2. Provision of compliance to NEQS of vehicular Monitoring Plan, Environmental ESMP construction may emission will be made in the contract of construction Traffic Safeguards ECP 8, 9 increase the ambient contractor and SOP’s of PMD vehicles;; Management Specialist – air quality and noise 3. Locations of Batching Plant, concrete mixers and Plan and Site At the time NEQS for Air Quality and PIU/ Design of design PIU, levels of the at the sub- other noise generating equipment will be identified Management Ambient Air Noise Levels contactor Contractor, project sites. The away from residents; Plan Quality and Project impacts are likely to 4. Contractor shall prepare an Emissions Monitoring Construction Directors Noise. be moderate. Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by contractor ToRs PMD construction machinery and vehicles with operations and maintenance plan for the same; 5. Traffic Management Plan for construction will be formulated during design phase that enable Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 53 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria continuous traffic flow and avoid congestions which result in increased vehicle smoke density at a given area; 6. Plan to neutralize dust emissions from construction activity, such as regular watering of sub-project sites to settle dust; 7. Use of Hazardous material list will be strictly prohibited in construction and provision will be made part of the contract. 8. Improper solid waste Solid Waste disposal can result in 1. Prepare a detailed Solid Waste Management Plan Management increased air pollution for construction site minimising use of plastics and Plan through burning of encourage recycling ESMP waste, vector borne Contractual 2. Identify current municipal systems of waste binding on At award of Environmental ECP 1 Solid Waste diseases, PIU management or private waste disposal services; prohibited use of construction Safeguards Hazardous Management contamination of water Design 3. Placement of waste collection containers throughout Hazardous Contract Specialist – Substance sources and ambient the project area; Contractors Material for PIU, Rules 2003 aesthetics for 4. Disallow the burning of any of type of waste; construction surrounding ToRs communities. The 5. Prepare plans for the safe handling, storage and contractor (CC) impacts are likely to disposal of harmful materials and hazardous waste Construction be moderate. contractor ToRs Use of heavy machinery and handling of chemicals PIU Social At award of ESMP Workers Health by workers can result 1. Prepare a Worker Health and Safety Plan for the Worker Health Safeguards Design Construction and Safety in health impacts and construction phase and Safety Plan Specialist – ECP 16 Contractors Contract accidents. The impacts PIU, are likely to be moderate. Construction Phase Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 54 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria 1. Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible; 2. Proper Safe drainage of run-off from construction activities will be ensured; 3. Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to Construction at sites is the extent possible; likely to carry out site 4. Water will be sprinkled during construction building clearance, vehicular, of foundation to avoid soil erosion and dust pollution; labour and machinery 5. Construction materials will be stored in proper stores movement causing soil on impervious sheets to avoid any soil contamination; Environmental erosion and 6. Machinery and vehicles will be operated at designated Visual Safeguards compaction. There is routes to avoid erosion and compaction of un- inspections and Specialist – also a potential for impacted soils; photographic PIU, contamination of soil record of site ESMP 7. Visual Inspection will be carried out for land Construction PMIC Landscape/Soil via runoff from contamination and dust emissions; clearing and oil Daily Contractor ECP 5,6,8 construction activities spills. Construction including oil spills, 8. The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills Contractor will be removed and will be handed over to waste Water sprinkling construction material, contractor for treatment at nearest incineration facility dredged / spoil or waste disposal and treatment at Mehmood Boti; materials and construction waste. 9. Major spills may require specialized treatment such as incineration, bioremediation and biodegradation. The Impact on soil quality biological agents will be introduced to the spill to is high in case of the hasten biodegradation. Most of the components of oil spill. will be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms into harmless substances such as fatty acids and carbon dioxide. To stimulate the growth of the microorganisms, fertilizing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous will be placed near the oil tanks.. The construction Environmental 1. Contractor shall provide an Emissions Monitoring Ambient Air activities at sub- Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by Ambient Air Safeguards ESMP project sites will cause Construction Quality Specialist -PIU Quality and construction machinery and vehicles; Contractor Monthly NEQS and impact on air quality, should provide an operations and maintenance plan Contractor monitoring for Climate PMIC ECP 8 cement mixers (Batch for the same; SOx, NOx and Plant), movement of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 55 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria the machinery, 2. Water will be sprinkled twice a day to avoid fugitive Particulate generators soil dust emissions; Matter PM2.5/10 excavation, 3. Construction machinery and vehicles will be kept in construction vehicles, good conditions to avoid vehicular emissions. is likely to generate Vehicular and generator exhaust emissions will be dust and exhaust monitored to ensure compliance; emissions. Impact on 4. Unnecessary movement of vehicles will be avoided at local air quality is the construction location; moderate 5. Open burning of solid waste from the Contractor’s camps should be strictly banned; 
 6. Wind breaks /barriers (either natural or constructed) will be deployed to reduce the possibility of suspended particles in air; 7. Raw materials such as cement, gravels and sand will be kept under sheet covers to prevent air flow; 8. In order to further reduce the environmental impact Cement Works (Concrete Batching Plant), the concrete batching plant will incorporate the following design and practices: â–ª Cement will be transferred directly from barges to the plant. â–ª All mixing will be in the enclosed electric motor driven plant mixer, NOT in trucks. â–ª Truck loaded with concrete will be in wet form. â–ª All washing water used by the batch plant and storm water will be collected and stored and recycled for re-use. â–ª No water will be discharged outside the plant boundary. â–ª Concrete recycling machine be used to recycle waste material to slurry water and aggregates for reuse. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 56 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria 1. Contractor shall execute the Emissions Monitoring Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by construction machinery and vehicles with operations and maintenance plan for the same; 2. Water will be sprinkled twice a day to avoid fugitive dust emissions; Drainage channel in 3. Contractor shall execute the Traffic Management close vicinity of Plan to enable continuous traffic flow and avoid project site is a congestions which result in increased vehicle Shadman nullah smoke density; leading to River Ravi. 4. Construction machinery and vehicles will be kept Construction activities in good conditions to avoid vehicular emissions. may encourage soil Vehicular and generator exhaust emissions will be erosion and waste may monitored to ensure compliance; increase the sediment Environmental loads into the city 5. Unnecessary movement of vehicles will be avoided Safeguards ESMP Surface/Ground drainage, while at the construction location; Construction Surface Water Monthly Specialist -PIU NEQS Water Resources accidental leaks/spills 6. Open burning of solid waste from the Contractor’s Contractor Quality Quarterly of oil/fuel from storage camps work areas should be strictly banned; 
 PMIC ECP 2, 4 tanks or maintenance 7. Wind breaks /barriers (either natural or vehicles can also constructed) will be deployed to reduce the pollute surface waters. possibility of suspended particles in air; The impact is likely to be low as the 8. Raw materials such as cement, gravels and sand construction site is will be kept under sheet covers to prevent air flow; 1km meters away from 9. In order to further reduce the environmental impact the drainage channel. of Cement Works (Concrete Batching Plant), the concrete batching plant will incorporate the following design and practices: 10. Cement will be transferred directly from barges to the plant 11. All mixing will be in the enclosed electric motor driven plant mixer, NOT in trucks. 12. Truck loaded with concrete will be in wet form. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 57 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria 13. All washing water used by the batch plant and storm water will be collected and stored and recycled for re-use. 14. No water will be discharged outside the construction boundary. 15. Concrete recycling machine be used to recycle waste material to slurry water and aggregates for reuse. 16. 1. Contractor will execute the Energy and Water Construction activities Conservation Plan require a large amount 2. Water meters will be installed at sub-project site to Water, Water of water that may monitor water consumption; Electricity and Environmental /Electricity/ reduce the availability 3. Construction staff will be trained on water Natural Gas Safeguards Natural Gas and of water in residing conservation practices to avoid excessive loss; Consumption Monthly/ Specialist - ESMP Construction Fuel area. It will add load to PIU the electricity, natural 4. Water required for construction should be obtained Contractor Energy Quarterly Consumption in a way so that water availability and supply to Conservation PMIC gas fuel consumption residing area remains unaffected; Plan increasing GHG emissions. The impact 5. Approval will be attained from local authorities is likely to be high. prior to construction work. 6. During construction 1. Solid Waste Management Plan will be executed by Solid Waste phase, solid waste can Construction Contractor. In case of the occurrence of toxic/hazardous chemical materials, it will be handled Management be generated from according to hazardous waste management best Plan Environmental discarded equipment ECP 1,2 international practices. The plan will be prepared with Amount and type Safeguards Solid Waste parts, scrap metals, following provisions: Construction of solid waste Specialist – Hazardous Generation equipment boxes, Monthly Chemicals 2. Solid waste collection, segregation, storage and Contractor generated from PIU wood parts, empty Rules, 2003 bags, and leftover disposal will be carried out for waste generated. For at sub-project sites; PMIC construction debris. source segregation separate waste bins will be placed List of hazardous The construction at sub-project sites. Recyclable material will be chemical used material and waste segregated whereas non-hazardous waste will be for construction may include disposed-off at approved disposal site; Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 58 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria toxic/hazardous 3. Private contractors will be hired for responsible chemical materials. If disposal of construction waste not contained the 4. Labeling of containers will be carried out including impact of solid waste the identification and quantity of the contents, hazard is likely to be high. information; 5. Marking of Hazardous/toxic waste ‘if generated’ separately and disposal using international best practices through registered contractor; 6. Used oil will be collected in separate containers stored on impervious platform with restricted access and must be sold to licensed contractor; 7. Burning of solid and waste oil should be strictly prohibited 8. Training of workers will be carried out in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination; 9. Emergency Response Plan will be prepared to address the accidental spillage of fuels and hazardous/toxic material, fire, vandalism and natural hazards; 10. On completion of the construction phase of the project, the contractor will be required to rehabilitate the site. Rehabilitation will include removal of all construction materials and wastes, and the grading and landscaping of all exposed sites that may be prone to erosion. Where natural erosion protection measures may not be possible or practical, suitable physical erosion protection methods will be used. The purposes of site rehabilitation will be to minimize the potential for soil erosion, enhance the aesthetic appearance of the site and restore safe public access to the surrounding area 11. Noise Levels The construction 1. The location for stationary noise sources like Construction Noise Monthly Environmental NEQS, activities are likely to asphalt plant, grinding, drilling and welding Contractor machinery will be selected at a reasonable distance Monitoring Safeguards ECP 9 generate high noise Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 59 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria levels. The sources of from residing population. The cement tankers will Residing Areas Specialist - noise in construction be working inside enclosure with cladding to and PIU include Asphalt Plant reduce noise; Construction Site PMIC excavation work, 2. ; heavy earth moving 3. The construction material loaders will only operate equipment/ machinery, during night time as per rules of traffic police in pilling work, welding, Islamabad. Working hours will be allocated for the cuttings, drilling, use of batching plant, equipment and other grinding and material machinery; loading/offloading vehicles. Impact is 4. School time and late night construction activities likely to be high. will be avoided; 5. Use of noise barriers in locations next to schools; 6. Blowing of horn will be strictly prohibited; 7. Noise monitoring will be carried out at various locations using noise meters. Site labour working in high noise areas including asphalt plant, grinding and welding machinery, where noise level exceeds 85 dB (A), will wear earplugs and ear muffs; 8. Measures will be taken to maintain noise level of 55 dB at day and 45 dB at night time will be maintained. 9. The impacts on Biodiversity and ecology are negligible 1. Eight trees will be planted for every tree cut during Tree count entirely build up and construction; Environmental ecological Tree Plantation Prior /Start/ there are very few Construction Safeguards ESMP resources (Flora 2. Invasive or exotic species will not be introduced in designated Post trees. However, if the Contractor Specialist -PIU ECP 10 and Fauna) through plantation. area and count construction construction requires PMIC cutting of trees and eight for one cut clearing of vegetation. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 60 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria Use signage to inform general public of 1. construction area and its limits; 2. Train drivers operating heavy vehicles in road and Construction activities pedestrian safety; Traffic and movement of Management 3. Set appropriate speed limits to avoid accidents; heavy vehicles may Plan Social Public Health and impact public safety. 4. Use of heavy vehicles on public roads will be avoided during hours when students are coming to Construction Public Safety Safeguards Safety Similarly emissions Monthly school or leaving school; Contractor Plan Specialist -PIU ESMP and noise from the site may impact the health 5. Placement of construction and diversion signage, Complaint/ PMIC of residing particularly at urban areas and at Accident communities sensitive/accident-prone spots, in accordance to a Register Public Safety Plan; 6. Provision of alternate routes for use by the public will be planned In accordance to the Solid Waste Management and Workers Health and Safety Plan, ensure: 1. The workers have full access to health facilities and emergency response centers (fire, earthquake and floods) and police station. In case of emergency, the injured will be taken to the nearest Use of heavy medical facility. machinery and 2. Provision of clean drinking water will be ensured Workers Health Social handling of hazardous Workers Health for the construction crew; and Safety Plan Safeguards waste and chemicals Construction ESMP and Safety 3. Hygiene inspections will be carried out to avoid and trainings Monthly Specialist -PIU may result in health Contractor ECP 16 impacts for workers on disease epidemic; Medical record Construction the construction site. 4. In case of unlikely incidents (fire, vandalism) the of workers Contractor workers will be evacuated and emergency response and law enforcement agencies will be engaged; 5. Fire safety alarms will be installed at various locations; 6. Fire extinguishers will be placed at various locations including a water hose installation at ground level; Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 61 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria 7. Fire safety and emergency response trainings will be conducted; 8. Hazards indicator signs and firefighting equipment will be installed; 9. The construction crew will be trained on important aspects of workplace safety; 10. Construction machinery operators and drivers will be trained to avoid associated accidents using machines and vehicles; 11. Flammables and other toxic materials will be marked and stored at secured sites; 12. Onsite first aid kits will be kept at construction sites and randomly moving vehicles\machinery. 13. Do not allow workers with inadequate training to operate heavy machinery; 14. Provision of appropriate and high quality Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to workers such as gloves, vests, hard-hats, masks etc.; 
 15. Train workers in the use of PPE and safety measures while using heavy machinery and handling chemicals. 16. Follow guidelines for Asbestos and Asbestos based product use in construction (Annexure 11) 17. The sub-project area has religiously and Construction staff will be trained and informed on Consultation Social Physical culturally important identifying the evidence of archaeological/historic with the relevant Safeguards /Cultural/ sites at a reasonable remains. In case evidence of archaeological remains is At the start of departments Specialist - ESMP Archeological distance. Excavation found during construction activities, the actions listed PIUs construction Preparation of PMD ECP 15 Resources work during below will be undertaken. PCR Plan, if Construction construction may 1. Excavation work in the vicinity of the find will be needed. Contractor result in the stopped; uncovering of ancient Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 62 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria sites or artifacts. 2. Assistance will be sought from the nearest office Impact is likely to be of the Department of Archaeology and Museums low. to identify the remains; 3. If the department decides to salvage the find, PMD will provide assistance. 4. Detailed procedure for Archaeological Chance Finds included in Annexure 12. 5. 1. Contractor will execute the Traffic Management Plan. 2. Vehicles will be inspected prior to start of construction work. 3. Alternate routes will be created to avoid disturbance to schools and hospital; The sub-project site is in an urban area close 4. Movement of construction equipment will be Traffic to social sensitive limited to specific duration when there is least Management Social Traffic receptors like houses, disturbance to the residing offices and nearby Construction PLan Safeguards Management schools, colleges and schools; Contractor Construction Continuous Specialist - ESMP offices. The 5. Adequate road signs will be erected to warn vehicles PIU construction work may general public; trimmings PMIC highly impact the 6. The contractor will be advised to follow vehicular Accident register traffic flow. maintenance to reduce engine noise; 7. Drivers will be trained to follow the designated routes and avoid honking; 8. The construction trucks will be adequately covered with tarpaulin covers to avoid flow into air. 9. Operations Phase The danger Testing of EMF 1. Engineering controls for EMF include interlocks, EMF of electromagnetic RMC/PMD Use of protective Continuous RMC/PMD electronic means to exclude the radar pointing field occurs because gear Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 63 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria the body absorbs within office complex in the tower building, and radiation which has shielding; high impact on body tissues and cell. 2. Administrative controls include audible and visible alarms, warning signs, and restriction of access through barriers, locked doors, or limiting access time to radar; 3. Workers will use personal protective equipment to ensure compliance with exposure standards. Conductive suits, gloves, safety shoes and other types of personal protective equipment for RF fields are now commercially available. PPEs should be used with great care, since the attenuation properties of the material used to make this protective equipment can vary dramatically with frequency; 4. RF safety glasses will be used near the radar operating area. Special care will be taken in buying the glasses since any metal may enhance local fields by acting as a receiving antenna; 5. There are no exposure situations where members of the general public need to use protective equipment for RF fields from weather radars; 6. Radar will be installed at a specified height. 7. An increase in number 1. The project staff will be advised to car pool and NEQs of vehicles entering use and local transport; Permissible Air Quality and the offices may pose Vehicular RMC/PMD Quarterly RMC/PMD limits of Climate moderate negative 2. Provision of pick and drop for staff to avoid Emissions vehicular impacts on the air additional load on air quality; exhaust quality of the area. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 64 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Phase Implementation Plan Monitoring Plan Environmental and Monitoring Compliance Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Frequency Responsibility Social Impacts Parameter(s) Criteria 3. Vehicles with excessive smoke emissions should not be allowed to enter the sub-project locations. 4. There will be an increase in solid waste 1. Decrease solid waste going to landfills by generation due to segregating at source with labeled dust bins for additional staff and biodegradable, non- biodegradable and recyclable building maintenance. products; In the presence of Weight of waste Solid Waste Solid Waste waste disposal system 2. Disposal of biodegradable to the municipality for RMC/PMD generated and Monthly RMC/PMD Management Generation in the area impact is treatment; disposal Plan Moderate 3. Clearance of reusable and recyclable waste to certified recycling companies; Hazardous waste will include rechargeable 4. Recycle rechargeable batteries through certified batteries from the companies AWS and solar panels. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation Page | 65 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Institutional Arrangements 7.1 Project Implementation Unit The activities and investments under the sub project will be implemented through Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). PMD would establish dedicated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to assist in the implementation of the project activities. Implementing Agency (IA) PMD, will be responsible for appointing a Project Director (PD) and hiring of key staff and consultants for respective PIU as per project requirements. The PIU would have responsibility for sub-project implementation including, but not limited to, reporting, monitoring and evaluation, social and environmental management, procurement, financial management, audit and disbursements, as well as coordination with the line agencies and the World Bank. The PIU will be adequately resourced with skillsets and competencies required for project implementation and monitoring. The PIU would be created and adequately staffed within one month of project effectiveness. To ensure overall guidance and coordination for project implementation, a dedicated Project Coordination Committee (PCC), comprising senior representatives from concerned federal and provincial departments, would be established as the apex forum. The Environmental Safeguards Specialist and Social Safeguards Specialist at the PIU will be directly responsible for the compliance of ESMP and for the subproject screening, development sector specific ESMPs; and their effective implementation, internal monitoring and progress reporting. The Specialists will have close coordination with EPA and other line Departments to address their concerns regarding sub-project interventions. The ESMP will be implemented under the overall supervision of the PD. PIU will be responsible for hiring of Construction Contractor and supervision of contractors work on the sites in accordance with ESMMP. Roles and responsibilities of the PIU have been detailed in Table 8.1 below. In cases of overlapping roles by more than one Specialist, higher authority will have the authority to re- designate the roles and responsibilities of those officers in the best interest of the project and to ensure clarity of responsibilities for ESMP implementation. Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibilities of PIU Organization Position Responsibility Project Implementation Project Director Ensure ESMP implementation Unit (PIU) Project Implementation Environmental â–ª Ensure implementation of the ESMP during Unit (PIU) Safeguards various stages of design and construction; Specialist â–ª Ensure that timely and robust environmental monitoring is carried out in the field; â–ª Ensure that the construction contracts include clauses for ESMP implementation; â–ª Ensure that environmental trainings are planned and implemented; â–ª Overall monitoring and reporting of ESMP; â–ª Conduct financial management of the ESMP; Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 66 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Organization Position Responsibility â–ª Coordinate and ensure development of awareness material; â–ª Commission annual third party validations of the project; â–ª Prepare Environmental Biannual Progress Reports (BPR) for the project Project Implementation Social Safeguards â–ª To carry out the screening of the sub-projects Unit (PIU) Specialist with respect to the social aspects as defined in the ESMF; â–ª Monitor and check the proper implementation of all social mitigation measures as suggested in ESMF/ESMP; â–ª Monitoring and evaluation of social related matters of the project and maintain a social complaint register to document social issues; â–ª Supervise the Contractor’s activities and make sure that all the contractual obligations related to the social compliance are met; â–ª Review of periodic social reports being prepared by the investor/contractor and submitting the same to the Bank â–ª Ensure inclusion of ESMP guidelines in project designs. â–ª Remain the focal point for managing the project GRM, and maintain analysis and reports on types of complaints received, resolved, time taken to action, etc. Project Implementation Environment and â–ª Ensure that ESMP is being implemented by Unit (PIU) Social Safeguard contractors at the site level; officer / â–ª Monitor implementation of ESMP through Database/MIS regular site visits and report to PIU; Specialist â–ª Assist the Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists Sample TORs for Environmental and Social Specialists are given in Annexure 13. 7.2 Project Management and Implementation Consultant The Project Management and Implementation Consultant (PMIC) will be hired for sub-project designing & resident supervision. PMIC will ensure compliance & implementation of ESMP at the sub-project site, through dedicated safeguards staff. The PMIC will carry out regular monitoring of the ESMP implementation at all working sites and will submit periodic reports to the PIU regarding ESMP implementation and compliance status. 7.3 Third Party Consultant A third-party consultant will be hired to monitor the overall implementation process and compliance of sub-project’s ESMP on an annual basis. Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 67 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project 7.4 Construction Contractor The sub-project Construction Contractor (CC) will be responsible for on-field implementation of the ESMP. All the required liabilities under the World Bank guidelines and applicable laws will be fulfilled by the construction contractor at the sub-project sites. Contractor ESMP will be an integral part of the contract documents and details will also be included in the bid to address the budget for environmental and social mitigation measures. Contractor will hire requisite staff to ensure compliance of ESMP. PIU and PMIC will ensure that the following plans have been prepared, while the contractor will ensure that these plans are being implemented: â—¼ Energy and Water Conservation Plan â—¼ Traffic Management Plan â—¼ Solid Waste Management Plan â—¼ Hazardous Waste Management Plan â—¼ Workers Health and Safety Plan â—¼ Emissions Monitoring Plan â—¼ Debris Management Plan â—¼ Emergency Response Plan â—¼ Public Safety Plan â—¼ Workers Health and Safety Plan â—¼ Labour Training Plan â—¼ Site Restoration Plan â—¼ Old Buildings Demolishment Plan Construction Contractor will ensure that the proposed sub-project activities are in compliance with the ESMP, NEQS and World Bank operational policies. Provision will be made in the agreement with the contractor to: â—¼ Train staff on regular basis on Environment, Health and Safety compliance; â—¼ Implement ESMP in the field; â—¼ Ensure safe working conditions; â—¼ Provide Provisions of PPEs to workers; â—¼ Report every incident/accident to PMD; â—¼ Monitor regular compliance with environmental mitigation measures as per ESMP. â—¼ Execute onsite environmental testing Specific roles and responsibilities are included in Table 8.2. Table 7.2: Roles and Responsibilities for Environmental Monitoring Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 68 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project # Aspect PMD Contractor’s Relevant Responsibilities Documentation 1 Contracting Ensure mitigation and Understand the Contract between monitoring requirements and the PMD and CC requirements to be estimating the required included in the contract resources for between PMD and implementation of the construction contractor ESMP 2 Resources Ensure the availability Ensure the availability of ESMP budget of finances required for resources required for environmental environmental monitoring monitoring 3 Environmental Designate an Appoint an officer Job descriptions staff environmental staff for dedicated to environment, the project health and safety 4 Corrective Verify that the activities Carry-out the required Corrective action Actions are carried out comply corrective actions record with the ESMP and identify corrective actions, if needed 7.5 ESMP Monitoring Plan Internal Monitoring The overall supervision of the ESMP will be with the PD, PIU. Project Management and Implementation Consultant (PMIC) will be responsible for supervision of the contractors and monitoring at the project site on a regular basis. The Environmental and Social Specialists will conduct regular monitoring of the sub-project site. Monitoring reports by PMIC will be submitted to the Environment and Social Safeguard Specialists in the PIU for necessary corrective action. External Monitoring/Third Party Validation External Monitoring will be used to ensure that both construction and the operation phase activities have been undertaken in line with the ESMP. Third Party Validation (TPV) exercises, conducted through an independent monitoring agency will be carried out on an annual basis to evaluate the overall ESMP compliance and implementation progress, and to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented as per the mitigation plan. In case of any deviation, corrective actions will be taken where necessary. For the TPV, environmental and social consultants with relevant expertise and previous experience will be engaged. The PIUs may hire the services of an environment expert (consultant), if required, to address issues related to environmental impact mitigation or non- conformity that emerge from monitoring activities. 7.6 ESMP Reporting Implementation monitoring reports regarding environment and social compliance will be prepared by PMIC on regular basis. Specialists in the PIU will also compile monthly and Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 69 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project quarterly ESMP implementation progress reports and the final report once the proposed sub- project is completed. Table 8.3 below shows the periodic distribution of reports to be prepared for the proposed sub-project. Table 7.3: Distribution of Sub-Project Reports # Report Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution 1 Monthly PMIC Environmental and Social Project Director, Safeguards Specialists PIU 2 Bi-annual Environmental and Project Director, PIU PMD, World Bank Social Safeguards Specialists 3 Annual Third Party Validator n/a PMD, World Bank 4 Final Environmental and Project Director, PIU PMD, World Bank Social Safeguards Specialists The Bi-Annual Progress Reports (QPRs) will provide progress on implementation of mitigation measures, safeguard monitoring, capacity building, and any other ESMP implementation activity carried out during the reporting quarter using monitoring checklist (Annexure 14). Format of the Bi-Annual Report is provided in Annexure 15. These reports will be shared with, among others, the World Bank within one month of the completion of each quarter. The Bi- Annual Report will include sub-sections including air quality monitoring, monitoring of emissions. 7.7 ESMP Capacity Development and Trainings Capacity building and training of the staff and contractors associated with ESMP implementation will be required for effective environmental and social management. Specific trainings on environmental and social impacts and mitigation will be arranged for the Project Directors, Environment and Social Safeguards Specialists, PMIC and other members of the Project Implementation Units to deliver their monitoring responsibilities in an organized and effective manner as per requirement of the monitoring plan. The main objective of the trainings is to enhance the technical capacity of staff associated with ESMP implementation, keep the PIU aware of the emerging environmental and social issues, and enable them to resolve those issues through proposed mitigation measures. Trainings will also be held for contractors on implementation of the ESMP. Table 8.4 gives a tentative program for capacity building and trainings. 9 workshops are to be held throughout the 2.5 years of the project. This includes annual refresher trainings. The workshops will focus on environmental and social issues arising during ESMP implementation, mitigation measures, and health & safety. They will also focus on sensitizing the participants about environmental and social responsibility, managing the on- ground problems, and assuring implementation of the ESMP. Each workshop will have no more than thirty participants. In case of extra participants, extra workshops will be conducted. Table 7.4: Capacity Building and Training Plan Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 70 ESMP Monsoon Monitoring Center Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Description Training Module Location Frequency Participation of Training Two-day Objectives, need and use RMC, Launch PIU Staff including Project Training of ESMP; Lahore workshop at the Director, Environment and Workshop Legal requirements of the start of the Social Safeguards ESMP (Legislations and project Specialists, PMIC, World Bank Operational Infrastructure Specialists, Policies);
 Engineers, M&E Officer etc. Management of environmental and social issues and mitigation strategies as per ESMP; Monitoring Mechanism Documentation and reporting procedures. One Day ESMP with special focus RMC, One training All architects, contractors, Training on mitigation measures Lahore workshop at sub-contractors, and Workshop during design stage design stage of supervision consultants project One Day ESMP with special focus RMC, Two workshops All contractors, sub- Training on mitigation measures Lahore every year during contractors, and Workshop during construction stage construction supervision consultants period of the project One Day ESMP with special focus RMC, One workshop at PMD staff Training on mitigation measures Lahore the end of the Workshop during operational phase project One Day ESMP Implementation RMC, One workshop PIU Staff Refresher and Reporting Lahore every year Trainings Draft Report Institutional Arrangements March 2018 Page | 71 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ESMP Estimated Budget The implementation for environmental and social mitigation plan will be the responsibility of the contractor. Most of the mitigation measures are covered in the engineering costs of the respective works. However, cost for some of the mitigation and monitoring activities are estimated below in Table 9.1. Table 8.1 : Estimated Budget for ESMP Compliance # Description Unit Quantity Unit Rate Total PKR PKR 1 Site specific ESMP Trainings Workshops 9 80,000 720,000 (including materials, logistics, venue) 6 PPE and Maintenance Years 2 100,000 200,000 7 Third Party Validation (2 annual Reports 3 1,000,000 3,000,000 and 1 end of project report) 8 Environmental Testing Air, Water, Months 15 250,000 3750000 Soil, Noise Total 7,670,000 ESMP Estimated Budget Page | 72 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Grievance Redress Mechanism 9.1 GRM at the Sub-Project Site The sub-project will follow the Grievance Redress Mechanism in place for the entire PHDSP project and detailed in the ESMF. The GRM provisions and details will be translated into the local language and displayed at the sub-project site, RMC and PIU offices. The GRM as per the ESMF is detailed below. 9.2 Overview and Scope The Grievance Redress Mechanism proposed here spans the entire project implementation and will cater to both the directly and indirectly affected population/beneficiaries. Though the GRM proposed here has been designed to address environmental and social problems identified during implementation, it will also cater to manage any disconnects that emerge from the field level and that has significant implications for effective implementation of the sub-project interventions. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) office will serve as the secretariat for the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-Project) that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring of complaints management. 9.3 Objectives of the Grievance Redress Mechanism The grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be consistent with the requirements of the World Bank safeguard policies to ensure mitigation of community concerns, risk management, and maximization of environmental and social benefits. The overall objective of the GRM is therefore to provide a robust system of procedures and processes that provides for transparent and rapid resolution of concerns and complaints identified at the local level. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including women, senior citizens and other vulnerable groups. Culturally appropriate communication mechanisms will be used at all sub- project sites both to spread awareness regarding the GRM process as well as complaints management. 9.4 Communication & Awareness on GRM The final processes and procedures for the GRM will be translated in to local language, if needed and disseminated at all sub-project locations. These shall be made available (in both leaflet and poster format) to all sub-project locations. 9.5 Proposed Mechanism A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be operational at each subproject level to facilitate amicable and timely resolution of complaints and grievances of the stakeholders including communities and project affected personnel (PAPs) (male and female) regarding all environmental and social issues. Under the GRM, Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) will be formed comprising of PIU’s general manager (GM), PIU’s Environment and Social Specialists, representative of ESMP/ESIA consultants, , member of PAP Committee (male and female). Owing to the nature of the project, a GRC will be formed at each subproject level. Grievance Redress Mechanism Page | 73 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Under the GRM, Complaint Register (CR) will be maintained by the PIU at each subproject level. All complaints and grievances will be logged in the register along with details including date of complaint, name and address of complainant, location, and description of complaint. The GRC will then fill additional details in the Register including the corrective action needed, timeframe for corrective action to be taken, and person/project entity responsible for corrective action. Once the corrective action is implemented, the GRC will document the associated details in the Register including the description of action take, date of action completion, views of the complainant regarding the corrective action, and any residual grievance. GRM procedures will be disseminated particularly among the local communities and PAPs. GRM will be gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to the PAPs at no cost and without retribution. A multi-tier GRM has been proposed for the project is described below. 1. Tier 1 (Community level): When a grievance arises, the PAP (male or female) may contact directly with the PAPC (male or female) Field implementation Unit (FIU) or PIU. PAPC may resolve the concern at field level. If the issue is successfully resolved, no further follow-up is required. 2. Tier 2 (GRC level): If no solution can be found at Tier 1, the PAP (male or female) may convey concern/grievance to the GRC, either verbally or in writing. The GRC will log the complaint along with relevant details in the complaint register (CR). For each complaint, the GRC will investigate and prepare a fact-finding report to assess its eligibility, and identify an appropriate solution. The GRC will, as appropriate, instruct the responsible entity to take corrective actions. The complaint will be redressed/appropriately responded within fifteen days. The GRC will review the responsible entity’s response and undertake additional monitoring as needed. During the complaint investigation, the GRC will work in close consultation with the Contractors, Environment Specialist, Social Safeguards Specialists, FIU, and PIU. 3. Tier 3 (PIU level): If the complainant is not satisfied/issue not resolved at the Tier 2, then GRC will forward the complaint to PIU for remedial measures and decisions accordingly. The committee at PIU level will consist of GM, Environment specialist, Social Safeguards Specialist of PIU, and ESMP/ESIA. The complaint at the Tier 3 will be resolved within three weeks. 4. Tier 4: If the PAPs are still not satisfied with the decision of PIU, then the complainant(s) may enter the reference in the Court of law. Grievance Redress Mechanism Page | 74 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Figure 9.1: Flow Chart for Grievance Redress Mechanism Procedures 5. Any grievance in written, verbal or digital form shall be recorded by the receiving office in CR which will be maintained at PIU and FIU; 6. A serial number will be assigned to it together with the date of receipt; 7. A written acknowledgement to a complainant shall be sent promptly and in any case within three working days; 8. The acknowledgement shall contain the name and designation of the officer who will deal with the grievance; information that necessary action will be taken within the specified working days from the date of receipt of the grievance by the officer concerned; name, address, email address and phone number of the authority which the complainant could approach if the matter is not redressed within the specified timeframe or if s/he is not satisfied with the action taken; Grievance Redress Mechanism Page | 75 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 9. If the office receiving the grievance/complaint is not the one designated to consider and dispose it, the receiving office shall forward it to the designated office, but after having complied with the requirements at 1 to 3 above; 10. The office designated to consider the matter shall make every effort to ensure that grievances/appeals are considered and disposed-off within the stipulated period of fifteen days in case of Tier 2 and three weeks in case of Tier 3. 11. If the grievance redress mechanism fails to satisfy the aggrieved affected person at all levels, s/he can submit the case to the appropriate court of law. Grievance Closure The complaint shall be considered as disposed-off and closed when: â—¼ The designated officer/authority has acceded to the request of the complainant fully; â—¼ Where the complainant has indicated acceptance of the response in writing; â—¼ Where the complainant has not responded to the concerned officer FIU/PIU within one month of being intimated about the final decision of the grievance officer on his grievance/complaint; â—¼ Where the complainant fails to attend the proceedings of the concerned officer at FIU/PIU within the stipulated period of the disposal of the complaint; and â—¼ Where the complainant withdraws his/her complaint. Grievance Redress Mechanism Page | 76 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Disclosure This ESMP will be disclosed on the websites of PMD, and on the World Bank Info Shop. Hard copies of this ESMP will also be shared with the Provincial EPA, project stakeholders, contractors, Civil Society Organizations etc. A copy of the ESMP will be placed in the Project Implementation Unit, PMD and regional PMD office for public access. The Urdu translation of the Executive Summary of the ESMP will also be distributed to all relevant stakeholders, especially to the communities in the project areas. The purpose will be to inform them about the project activities, negative environmental and social impacts expected from the project and proposed mitigation measures. The Project office (PIU) and social safeguards specialist will keep the residing population informed about the environmental and social impacts and facilitate in addressing grievance (s). The ESMP study team has made an endeavor to hold consultative and scoping sessions with these stakeholders to evince their views on the proposed Project, inter-alia, their opinions, suggestions, understanding on various issues and concerns. Disclosure Page | 77 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 1. Screening checklist A. Type of Activity- Will the sub-project Yes No 1. Involve Solid Waste Management ï?? 2 Involve Community Forestry ï?? 3 Build or Rehabilitate any structures or buildings? ï?? 4 Be located in or near an area where there is an important historical, archaeological or ï?? cultural heritage site? 5 Be located within or adjacent to any areas that are or may be protected by the government (e.g. national park, national reserve world heritage site) or local tradition, ï?? or that might be a natural habitat? 6 Depend on water supply from existing dam, weir or other water diversion structure ï?? B. Environment- Will be sub-project 7 Risk causing the contamination of drinking water? ï?? 8 Cause poor water drainage and increase the risk of water- related diseases such as ï?? malaria or bilharzias? 9 Harvest or exploit a significant amount of natural resources such as trees, fuel wood ï?? or water? 10 Be located within or nearby environmentally sensitive areas (e.g.) intact natural ï?? forests, mangroves, wetlands) or threatened species? 11 Create a risk of increased soil degradation or erosion? ï?? 12 Create a risk of increasing soil salinity? ï?? 13 Produce, or increase the production of, solid or liquid wastes (e.g. water, medical, ï?? and domestic or construction wastes)? 14 Affect the quantity of surface waters (e.g. rivers, streams, wetlands), or groundwater ï?? (e.g. wells)? 15 Result in the production of solid or liquid waste, or result in an increase in waste ï?? production, during construction or operation C. Land Acquisition and access to resources- will the sub-project: 16 Require that land (public or private) be acquired (temporarily or permanently) for its ï?? development? 17 Displace individuals, families or businesses? ï?? 18 Result in temporary or permanent loss of crops, fruit trees or household infrastructure ï?? such as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens? D Indigenous people- Are there: 19 Any indigenous groups living within the boundaries of, or nearby, the project ï?? 20 Members of these indigenous groups in the area who could benefit from the project? ï?? Screening checklist Page | 78 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 2. EE/EIA Regulation 2000 SCHEDULE I (See Regulation 3) List of projects requiring an IEE A. Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries 1. Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with total cost more than Rs.10 million 
 2. Projects involving repacking, formulation or warehousing of agricultural products 
 B. Energy 1. Hydroelectric power generation less than 50 MW 
 2. Thermal power generation less than 200 KW 
 3. Transmission lines less than 11 KV, and large distribution projects 
 4. Oil and gas transmission systems 
 5. Oil and gas extraction projects including exploration, production, gathering systems, separation and storage 
 6. Waste-to-energy generation projects 
 C. Manufacturing and processing 1. Ceramics and glass units with total cost more than Rs.50 million 
 2. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with total cost less than Rs.100 million 
 3. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost less than Rs.100 million 
 4. Manufacturing of apparel, including dyeing and printing, with total cost more than Rs.25 million 
 5. Wood products with total cost more than Rs.25 million 
 D. Mining and mineral processing 1. Commercial extraction of sand, gravel, limestone, clay, Sulphur and other minerals not included in Schedule II with total cost less than Rs.100 million 
 2. Crushing, grinding and separation processes 9 
 3. Smelting plants with total cost less than Rs.50 million EE/EIA Regulation 2000 Page | 79 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services E. Transport 1. Federal or Provincial highways (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing metaled roads) with total cost less than Rs.50 million 
 2. Ports and harbor development for ships less than 500 gross tons 
 F. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters of surface area less than 8 square kilometers 
 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares 
 3. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs.50 million 
 E. Water supply and treatment 
 Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost less than Rs.25 million 
 F. Waste disposal 
 Waste disposal facility for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity less than 10,000 cubic meters 
 G. Urban development and tourism 1. Housing schemes 
 2. Public facilities with significant off-site impacts (e.g. hospital wastes) 
 3. Urban development projects 
 H. Other projects 
 Any other project for which filing of an IEE is required by the Federal Agency under sub- regulation (2) of Regulation 5
 EE/EIA Regulation 2000 Page | 80 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services SCHEDULE II (See Regulation 4)
List of projects requiring an EIA A. Energy 1. Hydroelectric power generation over 50 MW 
 2. Thermal power generation over 200 MW 
 3. Transmission lines (11 KV and above) and grid stations 
 4. Nuclear power plans 
 5. Petroleum refineries 
 B. Manufacturing and processing 6. Cement plants 
 7. Chemicals projects 
 8. Fertilizer plants 
 9. Food processing industries including sugar mills, beverages, milk and dairy products, with total cost of Rs.100 million and above 
 10. Industrial estates (including export processing zones) 
 11. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of Rs.100 M and above 
 12. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation) 
 13. Petrochemicals complex 
 14. Synthetic resins, plastics and man-made fibers, paper and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products, textiles (except apparel),printing and publishing, paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee projects, with total cost more than Rs.10 million 
 15. Tanning and leather finishing projects 
 C. Mining and mineral processing 1. Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper, sulphur and precious stones 
 2. Mining and processing of major non-ferrous metals, iron and steel rolling 
 3. Smelting plants with total cost of Rs.50 million and above 
 D. Transport 1. Airports 
 2. Federal or Provincial highways or major roads (except maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of existing roads) with total cost of Rs.50 million and above 
 3. Ports and harbor development for ships of 500 gross tons and above 
 4. Railway works 
 EE/EIA Regulation 2000 Page | 81 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services E. Water management, dams, irrigation and flood protection 1. Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 50 million cubic meters and above or surface area of 8 square kilometers and above 
 2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 15,000 hectares and above 
 3. Water supply and treatment 
Water supply schemes and treatment plants with total cost of Rs.25 million and above 
 F. Waste Disposal 1. Waste disposal and/or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (including landfill sites, incineration of hospital toxic waste) 
 2. Waste disposal facilities for domestic or industrial wastes, with annual capacity more than 10,000 cubic meters 
 G. Urban development and tourism 1. Land use studies and urban plans (large cities) 
 2. Large-scale tourism development projects with total cost more than Rs.50 million 
 H. Environmentally Sensitive Areas 
 All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas
 I. Other projects 1. Any other project for which filing of an EIA is required by the Federal Agency under sub-regulation (2) of Regulation 5. 
 2. Any other project likely to cause an adverse environmental effect EE/EIA Regulation 2000 Page | 82 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 3. NEQS Table 1: Effluent Discharge Standards NEQS 2000) Applicable to the Works #. Determinant PARAMETRS NEQS 1 Temperature 40 OC =≤3 deg. 2 pH 6–9 3 BOD5 80 mg/l 4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/l 5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l 6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/l 7 Grease and Oil 10 mg/l 8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/l 9 Ammonia 40 mg/l 10 Chlorine 1.0 mg/l 11 Chloride 1000.0 mg/l 12 Sulphate 600 mg/l 13 Manganese 1.5 mg/l 14 Fluoride 10 mg/l 15 Cyanide (as CN’) total 1.0 mg/l 16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As) 20 mg/l 17 Sulphide (S-2) 1.0 mg/l 18 Pesticides 0.15 mg/l 19 Cadmium 0.1 mg/l 20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent 1.0 mg/l 21 Copper 1.0 mg/l 22 Lead 0.5 mg/l 23 Mercury 0.01 mg/l 24 Selenium 0.5 mg/l 25 Nickel 1.0 mg/l 26 Silver 1.0 mg/l 27 Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/l 28 Zinc 5.0 mg/l 29 Arsenic 1.0 mg/l 30 Barium 1.5 mg/l NEQS Page | 83 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 31 Iron 8.0 mg/l 32 Boron 6.0 mg/l Table 2: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for Gaseous Emission (mg/Nm 3, Unless Otherwise Defined) # Parameter Source of Emission Existing Revised Standards Standards 40% or 2 40% or 2 Ringlemann 1. Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed Ringlem Scale or ann Scale equivalent smoke number (a) Boilers and Furnaces (i) Oilfired (ii) Coalfired 300 300 Particulate (iii) CementKilns 500 500 2. Matter (I) 200 200 (b) Grinding, crushing, clinker coolers and Related 500 500 processes, Metallurgical Processes, converter, blast furnaces and cupolas. 3. Hydrogen Any 400 400 Chloride 4. Chlorine Any 150 150 5. Hydrogen Any 150 150 Fluoride Hydro 6. Any 10 10 gen Sulphi de Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid plants 7. Sulphur Oxide (2) (3) Other plants except 400 1700 power plants operating on oil and coal NEQS Page | 84 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Parameter Source of Emission Existing Revised Standards Standards 8. Carbon Any 800 800 Monoxide 9. Lead Any 50 50 10. Mercury Any 10 10 11. Cadmium Any 20 20 12. Arsenic Any 20 20 13. Copper Any 50 50 14. Antimony Any 20 20 15. Zinc Any 200 200 Nitric acid manufacturing unit. 16. Other plants except Oxides of power plants operating Nitrogen (3) on oil or coal: 400 400 Gas fired - 600 Oil - 1200 fired Coal fired Explanations:- 1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more. 2. Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case standards to bepro-rated. 3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards. Table 3: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2009) for Vehicular Emission # Standard Parameter Measuring Method Applicability (Maximum permissible Limit) 40% or 2 on the To be compared with Ringlemann Ringlemann Scale during 1 Smoke Chart at a distance of 6 meters or Immediate engine acceleration effect more mode. Carbon Under idling condition: Non- 2 6% Monoxide dispersive infrared detection (CO) through gas analyzer. NEQS Page | 85 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 3 Noise 85 dB(A) Sound Meter at 7.5 meters from the source Table 4: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Noise Effective from 1st July, Effective from 1st July, # 2010 2013 Category of Area / Limit in Zone dB (A) Leq* Daytim Night-time Daytim Night-time e e 1 Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45 2 Commercial Area (B) 70 60 65 55 3 Industrial Area (C) 80 75 75 65 4 Silence Zone (D) 55 45 50 45 Note: 1. Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00p.m. 2. Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00a.m. 3. Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters round hospitals, educational institutions and courts. 4. Mixedcategoriesofareasmaybedecidedasoneofthefourabovementionedcategoriesbythecompetentauthority. *dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “Aâ€? which is relatable to human hearing . Table 5: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Drinking Water # Standard Properties/Parameters Values for WHO Remarks Standards Pakistan BACTERIAL All water is intended for 1 drinking (E.Coli or Must not be Must not be Most Asian Thermotolerant detectable in detectable in any Countries also Coliform bacteria) any 100ml 100ml sample follow WHO sample Standards Treated water 2 entering the Must not be Must not be Most Asian distribution system detectable in detectable in any Countries also (E.Coli or any 100ml 100ml sample follow WHO Thermotolerant sample Standards NEQS Page | 86 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Standard Properties/Parameters Values for WHO Remarks Standards Pakistan Coliform and total Coliform bacteria) Treated water Must not be Must not be Most Asian entering the detectable in any detectable in any Countries also distribution system 100ml sample. 100ml sample. follow WHO (E.Coli or Thermo In case of large In case of large Standards tolerant Coliform and supplies, where supplies, where total Coliform sufficient sufficient 3 bacteria) samples are samples are examined, must examined, must not be present in not be present in 95% of the 95% of the samples taken samples taken throughout any throughout any 12-month 12- month period. period. PHYSICAL 4 Colour ≤15 TCU ≤15 TCU 5 Taste Non Non Objectionable/ Objection Acceptable able/ Acceptab le 6 dour Non Non Objectionable/ Objection Acceptable able/ Acceptable 7 Turbidity <5 NTU <5 NTU 8 Total hardness as CaCO3 <500mg/l --- 9 TDS <1000 <1000 10 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 RADIOACTIVE 11 Alpha Emitters bq/L or 0.1 0.1 pCi 12 Beta Emitters 01 01 NEQS Page | 87 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Standard Properties/Parameters Values for WHO Remarks Standards Pakistan CHEMICAL Essential Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre 13 Aluminum (Al) mg/l ≤0.2 0.02 14 Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 0.02 Standard for Pakistan similar 15 Arsenic (As) ≤0.05 0.01 to most Asian developing Countries 16 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7 17 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3 18 Cadmium (Cd) Standard for Pakistan similar 0.01 0.003 to most Asian developing Countries 19 Chloride (Cl) <250 250 20 Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05 0.05 21 Copper (Cu) 2 2 Toxic Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre Standard for 22 Cyanide (CN) ≤0.05 0.07 Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries 23 Fluoride (F) ≤1.5 1.5 Standard for Pakistan 24 Lead (Pb) ≤0.05 0.01 similar to most Asian developing Countries 25 Manganese (Mn) ≤0.5 0.5 26 Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001 0.001 27 Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02 0.02 NEQS Page | 88 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Standard Properties/Parameters Values for WHO Remarks Standards Pakistan 28 Nitrate (NO3) ≤50 50 29 Nitrite (NO2) ≤3 3 30 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01 0.2-0.5 at 31 Residual Chlorine --- consumer end 0.5-1.5 at source Standard for 32 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3 Pakistan similar to most Asian developing Countries Organics PSQCA No. 4629- Pestici des 2004, Page No.4, 33 --- Annex-II mg/L Table No. 3, Serial No. 20-58 may be consulted Phenolic 34 --- ≤0.002 Compounds (as Phenols) mg/L Poly nuclear aromatic 0.01 (By GC/MS 35 hydrocarbons (as PAH) method) g/L ***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority NEQS Page | 89 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Table 6: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Ambient Air Concentration in Ambient Time- Air Pollutants weighted Method of Effective from Effective from Measurement average 1st July 2010 1st January 2013 Sulphur Annual 80µg/m3 80µg/ m3 Ultraviolet Dioxide Average* Fluorescen (SO2) 24 hours** 120µg/m3 120µg/m3 ce Method Oxides of Annual 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase Nitrogen as Average* Chemilumines (NO) 24 hours** 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 cence Oxides of Annual 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase Average* Chemilumines Nitrogen as (NO2) 24 hours** 80µg/m3 80µg/m3 cence Non Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180µg/m3 130µg/m3 disperse UV absorption method Suspended 400µg/m3 High Volume Particulate Annual 360µg/m3 Sampling, Matter Average* (Average flow rate (SPM) not less than 1.1m3/minute ) NEQS Page | 90 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 4. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies # Subject Policy Triggered Source Web Reference 1. Environmental OP/BP 4.01 Yes https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/P Assessment PFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?doci d=3900&ver=current 2. Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/P PFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?doci d=1581&ver=current 3. Pest Management OP 4.09 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/P PFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?doci d=1637&ver=current 4. Forestry OP 4.36 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/P PFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?doci d=1585&ver=current 5. Safety of Dams OP 4.37 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/P PFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?doci d=1576&ver=current 6. Physical and Cultural OP/BP 4.11 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/ Resources PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?do cid=1583&ver=current 7. Involuntary OP/BP 4.12 Yes https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/ Resettlement PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?do cid=1584&ver=current 8. Indigenous Peoples OP 4.10 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/ PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?do cid=1582&ver=current 9. Disputed Areas OP 7.60 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/ PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?do cid=1841&ver=current 10. International Waterways OP 7.50 No https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/ PPFDocuments/Forms/DispPage.aspx?do cid=2660 11. Bank Disclosure Policy BP 17.50 Applicable http://siteresources.worldbank.org/OPSM ANUAL/Resources/DisclosurePolicy.pdf World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies Page | 91 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 5. Screening Checklist a. Brief Description of the Project: b. Location: c. Name of Proponent: Screening Checklist Page | 92 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services # Questions to be Considered Briefly Describe Is this likely to result in a Yes/No? Significant effect? Yes/No- why Environmental and cumulative Impacts 1 Will construction or operation of the project use natural resources? Such as land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non- renewable or in short supply? 2 Will the project involve use, storage, transport, handling or production of substance or materials, which could be harmful to human health or the environment or concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health? 3 Will the Project produce solid waste during construction, operation, or decommissioning? 4 Will the Project release pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air? 5 Will the Project cause noise and vibration or release of light, heat energy or electromagnetic radiation? 6 Will the Project lead to risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants onto the ground or into surface waters and groundwater? 7 Will there is any risk of accidents during construction or operation of the project, which could affect human health or the environment? 8 Are there any other factors, which should be considered such as consequential development that could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activities in the locality? 9 Are there any areas on or around the locations, which, are protected under international, national, or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural, or other value, which could be affected by the project? Screening Checklist Page | 93 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 10 Are there any other areas on or around the location, which are important or sensitive for reasons of their ecology e, g. wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, mountains, forests or woodlands, which could be affected by the project? 11 Are there any areas on or around the location which are used by protected, important or sensitive species of fauna or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration, which could be affected by the project? 12 Are there any in land or underground water sonor around the location that could be affected by the project? 13 Are there any areas or features of high landscape or scenic value on or around the location, which could be affected by the project? 14 What kind of effluents can be discharged during operation of this project/ units? 15 Is this project likely to affect the soil, water and air of the surrounding environment? 16 Are there any transport routes passing through or around the location which are susceptible to congestion or which cause environmental problem, which could be effected by the project? 17 Is the project located in a previously undeveloped area where there is a loss of Greenfield land? 18 Are there any areas on or around the locations which are occupied by the sensitive land-use e.g. hospitals, schools, worship places, community facilities which could be affected by the project? 19 Are there any areas on or around the locations which contain important high quality or scarce resources e.g. ground & surface water forestry, agriculture, fisheries tourism, minerals which could be affected by the project? Screening Checklist Page | 94 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 20 Are there any areas on or around the locations which that are already subject to pollution or environmental damage e.g. where existing legal environmental standers are exceeded which could be affected by the project? 21 Is the project location is susceptible to earthquake, subsistence, landslide erosions flooding or extreme adverse climate conditions e.g. temperature inversion, fogs, severe winds, which could cause the project to present environmental problem? 22 What would be the source of energy supply for this project? 23 What would be the mechanism of solid waste disposal/management when this project would become functional? 24 What would be the mechanism of waste water drainage/disposal / treatment when this project would become functional? 25 What kind of effluents are expected /discharged when this project would become functional? Social and land use impacts 1 Will the Project result in social changes, for example, in demography, traditional lifestyles, employment? 2 Are there any routes or facilities on or around the locations, which are used by the public for access to recreation, or other facilities, which could be affected by the project? 3 Are there any areas or features of historic or cultural importance on or around the location which could be effected by the project? 4 Are there existing land uses on or around the location e.g. homes, gardens or other private property, industry, commerce, recreation, public open space, community facilities, agriculture, forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could be effected by the project? Screening Checklist Page | 95 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services 5 Are there any plans for future land uses on or around the location which could be effected by the project? 6 Are there any areas on or around the location which are densely populated or built up, which could be affected by the project? Observations/Recommendation:- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Survey Conducted by Verified by Name and Designation Name and designation Screening Checklist Page | 96 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Signatures Signatures Screening Checklist Page | 97 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 6. Environmental Code of Practices Introduction The objective of preparation of the Environmental Code of Practices (ECP) is to address less significant environmental impacts and all general construction related impacts of the proposed project implementation. The ECPs will provide guidelines for best operating practices and environmental management guidelines to be followed by the contractors for sustainable management of all environmental issues. ECP 1: Waste Management ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Substances Management ECP 3: Water Resources Management ECP 4: Drainage Management ECP 5: Soil Quality Management ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control ECP 8: Air Quality Management ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management ECP 10: Protection of Flora ECP 11: Protection of Fauna ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management ECP 15: Cultural and Religious Issues ECP 16: Workers Health and Safety The Contractor can also prepare a ‘Construction Environmental Action Plan’ (CEAP) demonstrating the manner in which the Contractor will comply with the requirements of ECPs and the mitigation measures proposed in the ESMMP of the ESA Report. The CEAP will form the part of the contract documents and will be used as monitoring tool for compliance. Violation of the compliance requirements will be treated as non-compliance leading to the corrections or otherwise imposing penalty on the contractors. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 98 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 1: Waste Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source General Soil and water The Contractor shall: Waste pollution from the - Develop waste management plan for various improper management specific waste streams (e.g., reusable waste, of wastes and excess flammable waste, construction debris, food materials from the waste etc.) prior to commencing of construction sites. construction and submit to WAPDA for approval. - Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal site, so as to cause less environmental impact. - Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach. - Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical. - Collect and transport non-hazardous wastes to all the approved disposal sites. - Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process. - Provide refuse containers at each worksite. - Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practicable. - Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices. - Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final disposal. Hazardous Health hazards and The Contractor shall: Waste environmental - Collect chemical wastes in 200 liter drums (or impacts due to similar sealed container), appropriately labeled improper waste for safe transport to an approved chemical management practices waste depot. - Store, transport and handle all chemicals avoiding potential environmental pollution. - Store all hazardous wastes appropriately in bunded areas away from water courses. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 99 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services - Make available Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for hazardous materials on-site during construction. - Collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off-site for reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal at approved locations. - Construct concrete or other impermeable flooring to prevent seepage in case of spills Environmental Code of Practices Page | 100 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Substance Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Fuels and Materials used in The Contractor shall: hazardous construction have a goods. potential to be a source - Prepare spill control procedures and submit the plan for WAPDA approval. of contamination. - Train the relevant construction personnel in Improper storage and handling of fuels and spill control procedures. handling of fuels, - Store dangerous goods in bunded areas on a lubricants, chemicals top of a sealed plastic sheet away from and hazardous watercourses. goods/materials on-site, - Refueling should occur only within bunded areas. and potential spills from - Make available MSDS for chemicals and these goods may harm dangerous goods on-site. the environment or - Transport waste of dangerous goods, which health of construction cannot be recycled, to a designated disposal workers. site approved by EPA. - Provide absorbent and containment material (e.g., absorbent matting) where hazardous material are used and stored and personnel trained in the correct use. - Provide protective clothing, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, to the construction personnel, appropriate to materials in use. - Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems before they occur. - Store hazardous materials above flood plain level. - Put containers and drums in temporary storages in clearly marked areas, where they will not be run over by vehicles or heavy machinery. The area should preferably slope or drain to a safe collection area in the event of a spill. - Put containers and drums in permanent storage areas on an impermeable floor that slopes to a safe collection area in the event of a spill or leak. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 101 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source - Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding environmental pollution. - Avoid the use of material with greater potential for contamination by substituting them with more environmentally friendly materials. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 102 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 3: Water Resources Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Hazardous Water pollution from The Contractor shall: Material and the storage, handling Waste and disposal of - Follow the management guidelines proposed in ECPs 1 and 2. hazardous materials and - Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and general construction grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, waste, and accidental litter, debris and any form of waste spillage (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes). These substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables Discharge During construction The Contractor shall: from both surface and construction groundwater quality - Install temporary drainage works (channels and bunds) in areas required for sediment sites may be deteriorated due and erosion control and around storage areas to construction for construction materials activities in the river, - Install temporary sediment basins, where sewerages from appropriate, to capture sediment-laden run- construction sites and off from site work camps. The - Divert runoff from undisturbed areas around the construction site construction works will - Stockpile materials away from drainage modify groundcover lines and topography - Prevent all solid and liquid wastes entering changing the surface waterways by collecting solid waste, oils, water drainage patterns, chemicals, bitumen spray waste and including infiltration wastewaters from brick, concrete and asphalt and storage of storm cutting where possible and transport to a approved waste disposal site or recycling water. The change in depot hydrological regime - Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and leads to increased rate concrete handling equipment at washing of runoff and in facilities off site or into approved bunded sediment and areas on site. Ensure that tires of contaminant loading, construction vehicles are cleaned in the increased flooding, washing bay (constructed at the entrance of the construction site) to remove the mud groundwater from the wheels. This should be done in contamination, and every exit of each construction vehicle to effect habitat of fish and ensure the local roads are kept clean. other aquatic biology. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 103 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Soil Erosion Soil erosion and dust The Contractor shall: and siltation from the material stockpiles will increase - Stabilize the cleared areas not used for construction activities with vegetation or the sediment and appropriate surface water treatments as soon contaminant loading of as practicable following earthwork to surface water bodies. minimize erosion - Ensure that roads used by construction vehicles are swept regularly to remove sediment. - Water the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils on an as required basis to minimize dust. Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds) Construction Construction works in The Contractor shall: activities in the water bodies will water bodies increase sediment and - Dewater sites by pumping water to a sediment basin prior to release off site – do contaminant loading, not pump directly off site and effect habitat of fish - Monitor the water quality in the runoff from and other aquatic the site or areas affected by dredge plumes, biology. and improve work practices as necessary - Protect water bodies from sediment loads by silt screen or bubble curtains or other barriers - Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes). These substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables. - Use environment friendly and non-toxic slurry during construction of piles to discharge into the river. - Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design - Do not discharge cement and water curing used for cement concrete directly into water courses and drainage inlets. Drinking water Groundwater at shallow The Contractor shall: depths might be contaminated and hence - Control the quality of groundwater to be used for drinking water on the bases of Environmental Code of Practices Page | 104 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source not suitable for drinking NEQS and World Bank standards for purposes. drinking water. Safe and sustainable discharges are to be ascertained prior to selection of pumps. - Tube wells will be installed with due regard for the surface environment, protection of groundwater from surface contaminants, and protection of aquifer cross contamination - All tube wells, test holes, monitoring wells that are no longer in use or needed shall be properly decommissioned Depletion and pollution - Install monitoring wells both upstream and of groundwater downstream areas near construction yards resources and construction camps to regularly monitor and report on the water quality and water levels. - Protect groundwater supplies of adjacent lands Environmental Code of Practices Page | 105 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 4: Drainage Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Excavation Lack of proper drainage - The Contractor shall: and earth for rainwater/liquid - Prepare a program for prevent/avoid standing works, and waste or wastewater waters, which EMSU will verify in advance and confirm during implementation construction owing to the - Provide alternative drainage for rainwater if yards construction activities the construction works/earth-fillings cut the harms environment in established drainage line terms of water and soil - Establish local drainage line with appropriate contamination, and silt collector and silt screen for rainwater or mosquito growth. wastewater connecting to the existing established drainage lines already there. - Rehabilitate road drainage structures immediately if damaged by contractors’ road transports. - Build new drainage lines as appropriate and required for wastewater from construction yards connecting to the available nearby recipient water bodies. Ensure wastewater quality conforms to the relevant standards provided by EPA, before it being discharged into recipient water bodies. - Ensure the internal roads/hard surfaces in the construction yards/construction camps that generate has storm water drainage to accommodate high runoff during downpour and that there is no stagnant water in the area at the end of the downpour. - Construct wide drains instead of deep drains to avoid sand deposition in the drains that require frequent cleaning. - Provide appropriate silt collector and silt screen at the inlet and manholes and periodically clean the drainage system to avoid drainage congestion - Protect natural slopes of drainage channels to ensure adequate storm water drains. - Regularly inspect and maintain all drainage channels to assess and alleviate any drainage congestion problem. - Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design Environmental Code of Practices Page | 106 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Ponding of Health hazards due to - Do not allow ponding of water especially water mosquito breeding near the waste storage areas and construction camps - Discard all the storage containers that are capable of storing of water, after use or store them in inverted position Environmental Code of Practices Page | 107 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 5: Soil Quality Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Storage of Spillage of hazardous The Contractor shall: hazardous and and toxic chemicals toxic will contaminate the - Strictly manage the wastes management plans proposed in ECP1 and storage of chemicals soils materials in ECP2 - Construct appropriate spill contaminant facilities for all fuel storage areas - Establish and maintain a hazardous materials register detailing the location and quantities of hazardous substances including the storage, use of disposals - Train personnel and implement safe work practices for minimizing the risk of spillage - Identify the cause of contamination, if it is reported, and contain the area of contamination. The impact may be contained by isolating the source or implementing controls around the affected site - Remediate the contaminated land using the most appropriate available method to achieve required commercial/industrial guideline validation results Construction Erosion from The Contractor shall: material stock construction material piles stockpiles may - Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where contaminate the soils erosion is likely to occur, with silt fences, straw bales or bunds Environmental Code of Practices Page | 108 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Clearing of Cleared areas and The Contractor shall: construction slopes are susceptible - Reinstate and protect cleared areas as soon sites for erosion of top soils as possible. that affects the growth - Mulch to protect batter slopes before of vegetation which planting causes ecological - Cover unused area of disturbed or exposed surfaces immediately with mulch/grass imbalance. turfings/tree plantations Construction The impact of soil The Contractor shall: activities and erosion are: - Locate stockpiles away from drainage lines material - Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where stockpiles (i) Increased run off and erosion is likely to occur, with silt fences, sedimentation causing a straw bales or bunds greater flood hazard to - Remove debris from drainage paths and the downstream, (ii) sediment control structures destruction of aquatic - Cover the loose sediments and water them if environment in nearby required - Divert natural runoff around construction lakes, streams, and areas prior to any site disturbance reservoirs caused by - Install protective measures on site prior to erosion and/or construction, for example, sediment traps deposition of sediment - Control drainage through a site in protected damaging the spawning channels or slope drains grounds of fish, and - Install ‘cut off drains’ on large cut/fill batter slopes to control water runoff speed and (iii) destruction of hence erosion vegetation by burying - Observe the performance of drainage or gullying. structures and erosion controls during rain and modify as required. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 109 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 8: Air Quality Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Construction Air quality can be The Contractor shall: vehicular adversely affected by traffic vehicle exhaust - Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices, in emissions and compliance with the NEQS. Maintain these combustion of fuels. devices in good working condition. - Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner - Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site - Impose speed limits on all vehicle movement at the worksite to reduce dust emissions - Control the movement of construction traffic - Water construction materials prior to loading and transport - Service all vehicles regularly to minimize emissions - Limit the idling time of vehicles not more than 2 minutes Construction Air quality can be The Contractor shall: machinery adversely affected by emissions from - Fit machinery with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. machinery and Maintain these devices in good working combustion of fuels. condition. - Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators - Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) will be banned from construction sites - Service all equipment regularly to minimize emissions Construction Dust generation from - Water the material stockpiles, access roads activities construction sites, and bare soils on an as required basis to material stockpiles and minimize the potential for environmental nuisance due to dust. Increase the watering access roads is a frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. nuisance in the high winds) environment and can be - Minimize the extent and period of exposure a health hazard. of the bare surfaces - Reschedule earthwork activities or vegetation clearing activities, where practical, if necessary to avoid during Environmental Code of Practices Page | 110 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site - Restore disturbed areas as soon as practicable by vegetation/grass-turfing - Store the cement in silos and minimize the emissions from silos by equipping them with filters. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 111 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Construction Noise quality will be The Contractor shall: vehicular deteriorated due to traffic vehicular traffic - Maintain all vehicles in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with manufactures maintenance procedures - Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit, driving hours, etc. Construction Noise and vibration The Contractor shall: machinery may have an impact on people, property, fauna, - Appropriately site all noise generating activities to avoid noise pollution to local livestock and the residents natural environment. - Use the quietest available plant and equipment - Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines) - Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with manufactures maintenance procedures - Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels. - Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment Construction Noise and vibration The Contractor shall: activity may have an impact on people, property, fauna, - Notify adjacent residents prior to any typical noise event outside of daylight hours livestock and the - Educate the operators of construction natural environment. equipment on potential noise problems and the techniques to minimize noise emissions - Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels - Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate - Notify affected people if noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. blasting - Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact - Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as required. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 112 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source - Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the residential areas Environmental Code of Practices Page | 113 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 10: Protection of Flora Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Vegetation Local flora are The Contractor shall: clearance important to provide shelters for the birds, - Reduce disturbance to surrounding vegetation offer fruits and/or - Use appropriate type and minimum size of timber/fire wood, machine to avoid disturbance to adjacent protect soil erosion and vegetations. overall keep the - Get approval from supervision consultant for environment very clearance of vegetation. friendly to human- - Make selective and careful pruning of trees where possible to reduce need of tree living. As such damage removal. to flora has wide range - Control noxious weeds by disposing of at of adverse designated dump site or burn on site. environmental impacts. - Clear only the vegetation that needs to be cleared in accordance with the plans. These measures are applicable to both the construction areas as well as to any associated activities such as sites for stockpiles, disposal of fill and construction of diversion roads, etc. - Do not burn off cleared vegetation – where feasible, chip or mulch and reuse it for the rehabilitation of affected areas, temporary access tracks or landscaping. Mulch provides a seed source, can limit embankment erosion, retains soil moisture and nutrients, and encourages re-growth and protection from weeds. - Return topsoil and mulched vegetation (in areas of native vegetation) to approximately the same area of the roadside it came from. - Avoid work within the drip-line of trees to prevent damage to the tree roots and compacting the soil. - Minimize the length of time the ground is exposed or excavation left open by clearing and re-vegetate the area at the earliest practically possible. - Ensure excavation works occur progressively and re-vegetation done at the earliest Environmental Code of Practices Page | 114 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source - Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding nature protection and the need of avoid felling trees during construction - Supply appropriate fuel in the work caps to prevent fuel wood collection Environmental Code of Practices Page | 115 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 11: Protection of Fauna Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Construction The location of The Contractor shall: activities construction activities - Limit the construction works within the can result in the loss of designated sites allocated to the contractors wild life habitat and - check the site for animals trapped in, or in habitat quality, danger from site works and use a qualified person to relocate the animal Impact on migratory The Contractor shall: birds, its habitat and its - Not be permitted to destruct active nests or active nests eggs of migratory birds - Minimize the tree removal during the bird breeding season. If works must be continued during the bird breeding season, a nest survey will be conducted by a qualified biologist prior to commence of works to identify and located active nests - Minimize the release of oil, oil wastes or any other substances harmful to migratory birds to any waters or any areas frequented by migratory birds. Vegetation Clearance of vegetation - The Contractor shall: clearance may impact shelter, - Restrict the tree removal to the minimum feeding and/or breeding required. - Retain tree hollows on site, or relocate and/or physical hollows, where appropriate destruction and severing - Leave dead trees where possible as habitat of habitat areas for fauna - Fell the hollow bearing trees in a manner which reduces the potential for fauna mortality. Felled trees will be inspected after felling for fauna and if identified and readily accessible will be removed and relocated or rendered assistance if injured. After felling, hollow bearing trees will remain unmoved overnight to allow animals to move of their own volition. Construction Illegal poaching - Provide adequate knowledge to the workers camps regarding protection of flora and fauna, and relevant government regulations and punishments for illegal poaching. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 116 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Construction Increased traffic use of The Contractor shall: vehicular road by construction traffic vehicles will affect the - Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to WAPDA for their approval at least 30 movement of normal days before commencing work on any road traffics and the project component involved in traffic safety of the road-users. diversion and management. - Include in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement during construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, temporary road, temporary diversions, necessary barricades, warning signs/lights, road signs, etc. - Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the Pakistani Traffic Regulations. - Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Urdu: - Location: chainage and village name - Duration of construction period - Period of proposed detour/alternative route - Suggested detour route map - Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel - Name and contact address/telephone number of the Contractor - Inconvenience is sincerely regretted. Accidents and spillage - Restrict truck deliveries, where practicable, of fuels and chemicals to day time working hours. - Restrict the transport of oversize loads. - Operate road traffics/transport vehicles, if possible, to non-peak periods to minimize traffic disruptions. - Enforce on-site speed limit Environmental Code of Practices Page | 117 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 15: Cultural and Religious Issues Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Construction Disturbance from The Contractor shall: activities near construction works to - Communicate to the public through religious and the cultural and community consultation and newspaper cultural sites religious sites, and announcements regarding the scope and contractors lack of schedule of construction, as well as certain knowledge on cultural construction activities causing disruptions or access restriction. issues cause social - Do not block access to cultural and religious disturbances. sites, wherever possible - Restrict all construction activities within the foot prints of the construction sites. - Stop construction works that produce noise (particularly during prayer time) should there be any mosque/religious/educational institutions close to the construction sites and users make objections. - Take special care and use appropriate equipment when working next to a cultural/religious institution. - Stop work immediately and notify the site manager if, during construction, an archaeological or burial site is discovered. It is an offence to recommence work in the vicinity of the site until approval to continue is given by the PMU - Provide separate prayer facilities to the construction workers. - Show appropriate behavior with all construction workers especially women and elderly people - Allow the workers to participate in praying during construction time - Resolve cultural issues in consultation with local leaders and supervision consultants - Establish a mechanism that allows local people to raise grievances arising from the construction process. - Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed before commencement of civil works so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Environmental Code of Practices Page | 118 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services ECP 16: Worker Health and Safety Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source Best practices Construction works The Contractor shall: may pose health and - Implement suitable safety standards for all safety risks to the workers and site visitors which should not be construction workers less than those laid down on the international and site visitors leading standards (e.g. International Labor Office to severe injuries and guideline on ‘Safety and Health in Construction; World Bank Group’s deaths. The population ‘Environmental Health and Safety in the proximity of the Guidelines’) and contractor’s own national construction site and the standards or statutory regulations, in construction workers addition to complying with the national acts will be exposed to a and rules of the Government of Pakistan number of - Provide the workers with a safe and healthy (i) biophysical health risk work environment, taking into account inherent risks in its particular construction factors, (e.g. noise, dust, activity and specific classes of hazards in the chemicals, construction work areas, material, solid waste, - Provide personal protection equipment waste water, vector (PPE) for workers, such as safety boots, transmitted diseases helmets, masks, gloves, protective clothing, etc), (ii) risk factors goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear resulting from human protection. Maintain the PPE properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them with behavior (e.g. STD, the damaged ones. HIV etc) and (iii) road - Safety procedures include provision of accidents from information, training and protective clothing construction traffic. to workers involved in hazardous operations and proper performance of their job - Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of the workers - Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed before commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Child and pregnant - The Contractor shall: labor - not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who Environmental Code of Practices Page | 119 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source delivered a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Pakistani Labor Laws and Employment of Child Act (1977). Accidents Lack of first aid - Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities and health care facilities are readily available. Appropriately facilities in the equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work immediate vicinity will - Document and report occupational aggravate the health accidents, diseases, and incidents. conditions of the - Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising victims from, associated with, or occurring in the course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards. In a manner consistent with good international industry practice. - Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life- threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures. - Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules - Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads Construction Lack of proper The Contractor shall provide the following Camps infrastructure facilities, facilities in the campsites to improve health such as housing, water and hygienic conditions as mentioned in ECP 14 Construction Camp Management: supply and sanitation facilities will increase - Adequate ventilation facilities pressure on the local - Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells that meets the national services and generate standards substandard living - Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage standards and health system. The toilets and domestic waste water hazards. will be collected through a common sewerage. - Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes - Storm water drainage facilities. - Recreational and social facilities - Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals in accordance with ECP 2 - Solid waste collection and disposal system in accordance with ECP1. - Arrangement for trainings Environmental Code of Practices Page | 120 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source - Paved internal roads. - Security fence at least two m height. - Sick bay and first aid facilities Water and Lack of Water - The contractor shall provide portable toilets sanitation sanitation facilities at at the construction sites, if about 25 people facilities at the construction sites cause are working the whole day for a month. Location of portable facilities should be at construction inconvenience to the least six m away from storm drain system sites construction workers and surface waters. These portable toilets and affect their personal should be cleaned once a day and all the hygiene. sewerage should be pumped from the collection tank once a day and should be brought to the common septic tank for further treatment. - Contractor should provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all the construction sites. Other ECPs Potential risks on health The Contractor shall follow the following and hygiene of ECPs to reduce health risks to the construction construction workers workers and nearby community: and general public - ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management - ECP 4: Drainage Management - ECP 8: Air Quality Management - ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management - ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management Trainings Lack of awareness and The Contractor shall: basic knowledge in health care among the - Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues (e.g., how construction workforce, to avoid malaria and transmission of make them susceptible sexually transmitted infections (STI) to potential diseases. HIV/AIDS. - Train all construction workers in general health and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. - Commence the malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign before the start of the Environmental Code of Practices Page | 121 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Impact Impacts Guidelines Source construction phase and complement it with by a strong condom marketing, increased access to condoms in the area as well as to voluntary counseling and testing. - Implement malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign targeting all workers hired, international and national, female and male, skilled, semi- and unskilled occupations, at the time of recruitment and thereafter pursued throughout the construction phase on ongoing and regular basis. This should be complemented by easy access to condoms at the workplace as well as to voluntary counseling and testing. Environmental Code of Practices Page | 122 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 7. Ground Water Quality Monitoring Report Location RMC Lahore, FFD Division Ground Water Quality Monitoring Report Page | 123 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 8. Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 124 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 125 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 126 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 127 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 128 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Report Page | 129 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 9. Record and of Stakeholder Consultation Record of the Consultation Meeting Installation of Weather Surveillance Radar, FFD Lahore Stakeholder: M.I Traders Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 04:45 pm Meeting Venue: 249-Shadman 1 Attended by: Muhammad Naeem, Owner of M.I Traders Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Information Provided: Office of M.I Traders is situated at the south side (Backside) of the proposed location of the project. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Mr. Naeem showed no concerns but he appreciated the proposed development and said that it would be useful for nation. Stakeholder: General public Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 04:51 pm Meeting Venue: 160-Shadman 1 Attended by: Khuram Shahzad, head of household Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Information Provided: Household is located in the south east side of the proposed location of the project. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Raised Mr. Khuram said that area covered by Pakistan Meteorology Department is already congested and it is suggested that new installation of the radars should be in new area outside of the city. Stakeholder: Black Box Concepts Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 05:05 pm Meeting Venue: 292-Shadman 1 Attended by: Zahid Hassan, Manager Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Record and of Stakeholder Consultation Page | 130 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Information Provided: Office is located in the south side (Backside) of the proposed location of the project. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Mr. Zahid showed his concerns about the effects of Radar System on the telecommunication. Stakeholder: General Public Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 05:30 pm Meeting Venue: Shadman Attended by: Amir Mukhtar, Resident of nearby area Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Information Provided: Mr. Amir was interviewed at the front of MPD. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Mr. Amir appreciated the proposed development and said that employment opportunities will be available for the locals and other public. Construction activities may increase dust in the area. The trucks carrying excavated soil should be covered. During the construction of existing tower, no noise or dust pollution was observed. Stakeholder: A.K Motors Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 05:45 pm Meeting Venue: 51 Jail Road, Lahore Attended by: Ehtsham Khan, Executive Director Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Information Provided: Showroom of A.K Motors is located at the north side (front) of the proposed location of the project. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Mr. Ehtsham said that rays of the radar will affect humans, especially infants. During the construction, mitigation measure should be adopted to avoid noise pollution. The security situation can worse due to influx of labor in the area. Stakeholder: Pakistan State Oil, Pump Station Date: March 01, 2018 Time: 05:54 pm Meeting Venue: 51-A Jail Road, Lahore Record and of Stakeholder Consultation Page | 131 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Attended by: Yasir Rahman, CEO Conducted by: Muhammad Imran, Public Consultation Consultant Recorded by: Muhammad Imran Language: Urdu, English Information Provided: Showroom of A.K Motors is located at the north side (front) of the proposed location of the project. The discussion started with the introduction of the consultant. Mr Imran briefed about the purpose of the meeting and gave a comprehensive description of the Project. Concerns Mr. Yasir said that this is indeed a very good step towards development but concerned department should take mitigation measures to avoid effects of harmful radiations on the nearby population. Photographs of Consultations in Lahore Residents of project site Neigbourhood Buisnes community in the area Record and of Stakeholder Consultation Page | 132 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Meeting with PMD Officials Record and of Stakeholder Consultation Page | 133 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 10. Flood Resistant Design Guideline Any proposed development in the regulated floodplain must be consistent with the need to minimize flood damage. This can be accomplished, in part, by using materials, equipment, and construction techniques that are resistant to flood damage in locations that would be wet during a 100-year flood. â–ª New construction and substantially improved structures (including accessory structures): It is required that materials and equipment located below the flood protection level (and outside of dry flood proofed areas) be resistant to flood damage. This may apply to foundations, floor beams, joists, enclosures, and equipment servicing the building (electrical, plumbing, mechanical, ducts, etc.). â–ª Non-substantial improvements to existing (pre-FIRM) buildings and non-building development: New and replacement electrical, plumbing, and mechanical equipment must be located or designed to resist flood damage. The entire project should utilize flood resistant design, materials, and practices to the greatest extent practical. What Does “Flood Resistantâ€? Mean? Floodplain areas can be subjected to hydrostatic (standing water) and hydrodynamic (flowing water) pressures during floods. These pressures can result in displaced foundation walls, collapsed structures, floating fuel tanks, scouring, and other damage. Flood resistance thus requires that structural and non-structural components be durable, resistant to flood forces (including buoyancy), and resistant to deterioration caused by inundation with floodwater. Options that require emergency operation (such as shutting off electricity or removing vulnerable components) should be avoided if possible, particularly in areas subject to flash flooding. “Flood resistantâ€? is not “dry floodproofingâ€? of non-residential structures. Flood Damage-Resistant Building Materials It is important that all parts of a building or other project that are susceptible to flooding (including fasteners and connectors) be made of materials that are resistant to flood damage. “Flood-resistant materialsâ€? include any building product capable of withstanding direct and prolonged contact with floodwaters without sustaining significant damage. “Prolonged contactâ€? means at least 72 hours, and “significant damageâ€? is any damage requiring more than cleaning or low-cost cosmetic repair (such as painting). The need to replace flood damaged drywall or other material is considered “significant damageâ€? and is thus not acceptable. Components that are not inundated should be resistant to excessive humidity. Flood Resistant Design Guideline Page | 134 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Flood damage-resistant materials include: â–ª Glazed brick, concrete, concrete block, glass block or stone (with waterproof mortar or grout); â–ª Steel trusses, headers, beams, panels, or hardware; â–ª Naturally decay resistant lumber, recycled plastic lumber, or marine grade plywood; â–ª Clay, concrete, rubber, or steel tiles (with chemical-set or waterproof adhesives); â–ª Cement board; â–ª Metal doors, cabinets, and window frames; â–ª Mastic, silicone, or polyurethane formed-in-place flooring; â–ª Sprayed polyurethane foam or closed-cell plastic foam insulation; â–ª Water-resistant glue; and â–ª Polyester epoxy paint (mildew-resistant paint contains toxic ingredients and should not be used indoors). Anchoring Foundations, equipment, accessory structures, and other components located below the flood protection level must be firmly anchored to resist flotation, collapse, and lateral movement. Mechanical, Plumbing, and Electrical Systems Location above the flood protection level is generally the best way to protect service equipment, such as heating, ventilating, air conditioning, plumbing appliances, plumbing fixtures, duct systems, and electrical equipment (service panels, meters, switches, and outlets). If these components are at a lower level, they must be designed to prevent damage from flooding. This may involve waterproof enclosures, barriers, protective coatings, or other techniques to protect vulnerable components. The municipality may require certification from a licensed professional that the standards for resistance to flood damage are met. Backflow and Automatic Shut-Off Valves Flooding can cause sewage from sanitary sewer lines to back up into buildings through drain pipes, causing both damage and health hazards. Backflow valves are designed to temporarily block pipes and prevent flow into the building and should be installed on any pipes that leave the building or are connected to equipment located below the flood protection level. In addition to sanitary sewer and septic connections, this may include water lines, washing machine drain lines, laundry sinks, downspouts, and sump pumps. Fuel supply lines must be equipped with float operated automatic shut-off valves. Storage Tanks Unanchored fuel tanks can be easily moved by flood waters, posing a serious threat of contamination and other damage. Even a buried tank can be pushed to the surface by buoyant effects. A tank can be anchored by attaching it to a concrete slab that is heavy enough to resist Flood Resistant Design Guideline Page | 135 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services the force of flood waters or by running straps over it and attaching them to ground anchors. Tanks and other containers should have watertight fill caps, vents that extend above the flood protection level, and accurate labeling of contents (so that emergency personnel know what it contains if the tank breaks loose and floats away). Additional Resources â–ª Wet Flood proofing Requirements for Structures Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas, Technical Bulletin 7-93, FEMA FIA-TB-7 (1993), available at http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do? id=1720, includes planning, safety, and engineering considerations for wet flood proofing. â–ª Flood Damage-Resistant Materials Requirements for Buildings Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas, Technical Bulletin 2, FEMA FIA-TB-2 (2008), available at http://www.fema.gov/library/ viewRecord.do?id=1580, includes lists of acceptable materials for flood-resistant construction. â–ª Protecting Building Utilities from Flood Damage: Principles and Practices for the Design and Construction of Flood Resistant Building Utility Systems, FEMA 348 (1998), available at http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/pubs/pbuffd.shtm. This publication provides technical guidance for the design and construction of flood-resistant utility systems, including HVAC systems, fuel systems, electrical systems, sewage management systems, and potable water systems. â–ª Elevator Installation for Buildings Located in Special Flood Hazard Areas, Technical Bulletin 4-93, FEMA FIA-TB-4 (1993), available at http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1717. Provides guidance concerning the installation of elevators below the Base Flood Elevation. â–ª Flood-Resistant Design and Construction, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 24-05, purchase at www.asce.org, highlights available at http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=3515. ASCE 24 is a referenced standard in the NYS Building Code and the NYS Residential Code. Buildings designed according to ASCE 24 are better able to resist flood loads and flood damage Flood Resistant Design Guideline Page | 136 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 11. Asbestos Handling Guidelines Guidelines Asbestos and Asbestos Based Product use during Construction Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals. It was used widely in the production of many industrial and household products because of its useful properties, including fire retardation, electrical and thermal insulation, chemical and thermal stability, and high tensile strength4. Asbestos based products include Asbestos –Cement (A-C) construction materials such as A-C flat and corrugated sheets, A-C pipe, and A-C water storage tanks. Over 90% of the asbestos fiber produced today is chrysotile which is found in these products. Vehicle brake, clutch pads, roofing and gaskets are some other products that are still being manufactured with asbestos content. Due to international laws banning the use of asbestos, it is hardly used in construction materials other than asbestos –cement products. However, it is still found in older buildings in the form of friable surfacing materials, thermal system insulations, non-friable flooring materials, and other applications. In Sri Lanka, asbestos roofing sheets are widely used as it is the most cost effective and durable material given climate, environment and other factors. Other alternatives to asbestos roofing sheets in Sri Lanka are clay tile, zinc-aluminum, cadjan (matted coconut/Palmyra/palm leaves) and concrete. These alternatives have disadvantages such as: â–ª Clay tiles are easy to remove, and in areas where there are monkeys it poses a practical problem. Monkeys tend to travel over roofs and either deliberately or accidentally break tiles, thus expenses for replacing is high. 
 â–ª Zinc-Aluminum – While durable and long lasting, given the tropical climate and monsoon rains, such roofing heats up during the day and during rainy periods the noise makes it impractical especially to use in classrooms. 
 â–ª Cement – due to the climate in Sri Lanka if not properly treated can result in leaks and damage to the structure. Furthermore, in high temperatures the heat absorption is high thus increasing the temperature in the buildings. In classrooms, it would make it difficult for students and teachers to work. Furthermore, concrete roofs are costly, and will not be affordable, given the large number of school infrastructure requirements that will need to be met through the project. 
 â–ª Cadjan roofs while environmentally friendly, need to be replaced frequently, causes leaks and will not be acceptable on school buildings. 
 Ban on Asbestos Use: 
 As health risks related to exposure to asbestos is widely known, many countries have banned the commercial use of asbestos. The International Labor Organization (ILO) established an Asbestos Convention (C162) in 1986 to promote national laws and regulations for the “prevention and control of, and protection of workers against, health hazards due to 
 Asbestos Handling Guidelines Page | 137 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services occupational exposure to asbestosâ€?. As of March 4, 2008, 31 countries had ratified the 
 Convention, 17 of them have banned asbestos use. ILO asbestos convention requirements include: â–ª Work clothing to be provided by employers, 
 â–ª Double changing rooms and wash facilities to prevent dust from going home on street 
 clothes, 
Training of workers about the health hazards to themselves and their families, 
 â–ª Periodic medical examinations of workers, 
 â–ª Periodic air monitoring of the work environment, with records retained for 30 years, 
 â–ª Development of a work plan for demolition work, to protect workers and provide for proper 
waste disposal, and 
 â–ª Protection from retaliatory and disciplinary measures of workers who remove 
themselves from work that they are justified in believing presents a serious danger to health. 
 Health Risks: 
 Health hazards from breathing asbestos dust include: 
 â–ª Asbestosis – a lung scarring disease 
 â–ª Form of cancer such as mesothelioma. 
 The main risks of exposure from asbestos is where fibers are easily made air borne under little pressure, such as cutting of A-C products that can release fibers. Risks are from construction materials that need to be altered, repaired and disposed of that may release particles into the air, and increase the risk of inhalation. Renovations, repairs and decommission of buildings containing A-C products such as roof sheets can pose a risk. 
However, in the case of Asbestos –Cement (AC) corrugated sheets, the fiber is present in the non- friable form which means that fiber is embedded in cement and cannot be easily air-borne. Such materials are known to have little health risk once (a) the roof has been completed and (b) given that material is in good condition and not disturbed8. 
Although IDA Group’s Good Practice Note on Asbestos , and its Health and Safety Guidelines do not encourage the use of asbestos products in construction, in light of the practical uses for construction of school infrastructure, the costs, its availability in local markets and lack of feasible alternatives, the use of asbestos is the most feasible option. However, to minimize the health risks that asbestos products do pose, the following guidelines adapted from the World Bank’s Health and Safety Guidelines and other sources are recommended to be followed. As Sri Lanka has no regulations regarding the use of Asbestos, the use of ILO convention guidelines as stated above are recommended as well. 
 Construction phase: 
 â–ª To minimize the risk of damage of A-C sheets for roofing, transportation of material must be done with care. Where possible, sheets should be transported in airtight containers or with dust covers. 
 â–ª During installation of sheets, ensure that damage is minimized. Use of power tools to drill holes that may release particles needs to be kept to the minimum. 
 Asbestos Handling Guidelines Page | 138 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services â–ª Use a protective sheet (i.e. insulation foil) between the A-C sheets and the classrooms to reduce the risk of minute particles entering the rooms. 
 â–ª Workers who are involved in handling and installing A-C sheets should take precautions to minimize exposure by wearing protective masks and showering to minimize spread of dust. Work clothes used during the installation of sheets should be washed and workers change to clean clothes before leaving construction site. 
 â–ª Workers should be made aware of the risks of A-C sheets, and how to minimize these risks. Post Construction/De-Commissioning: 
 â–ª Contractors should dispose of waste containing asbestos in a manner that does not pose a health risk to the workers concerned or the population in the vicinity. Disposal at approved landfills and prompt burial under various levels of material apply to friable asbestos waste. Contractors should consult the Local Authority and Central Environmental Authority to obtain guidance on proper disposal of material. 
 â–ª Contractor should be encouraged to develop an asbestos management plan that identifies the content (whether it is in friable form and has potential to release fibers), and proper removal procedures. 
 â–ª During the removal of A-C sheets, workers should wear proper protective gear such as masks and shower to prevent the spread of dust. Clothes worn during this process should be washed and workers should change into clean clothes prior to leaving construction site. 
 â–ª Workers who are, or have been, exposed to asbestos in their occupational activities should be provided, in accordance with national laws and practices, with such medical examinations as are necessary to supervise their health in relation to the occupational hazard, and to diagnose occupational diseases caused by exposure to asbestos. For the prevention of disease and functional impairment related to exposure to asbestos, all workers assigned to work involving asbestos exposure should be provided with: 
 - a pre-assignment medical examination; - periodic medical examinations at appropriate intervals (at least every 3 years); - other tests and investigations, in particular chest radiographs and lung function test, which may be necessary to supervise their state of health in relation to the occupational hazard and to identify early indicators of disease caused by asbestos; - a copy of their medical record. - The above requirements will be based on the type of construction and its magnitude. Asbestos Handling Guidelines Page | 139 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 12. Chance Find procedures Chance Find Procedures Chance find procedures which will be used during this Project are as follows: â–ª Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; â–ª Delineate the discovered site or area; â–ª Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology take over; â–ª Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and the Ministry immediately (within 24 hours or less); â–ª Responsible local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archeologists of the Department of Archaeology and Museums (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; â–ª Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; â–ª Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology; and â–ª Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible local authorities and the Ministry in charge of Department of Archaeology concerning safeguard of the heritage. These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, when applicable. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered or observed. Chance Find procedures Page | 140 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 13. Sample Terms of Reference Environment Specialist will be based in Project Implementation Unit (PIU) PMD Islamabad. Tasks: Environmental Specialist will be responsible for the following duties and responsibilities relevant to project environmental safeguards compliances and mitigation measures Objective: Provide expert support to executing agencies in the office and field, provide support to implement activities related to the project components to compliance the environmental safeguards and mitigation measures. Main responsibilities are: â–ª Deal with environmental aspects of the project and provide feedback to the Project Director on implementation of environmental action plan under the activities of the project. â–ª Support in compliance of the credit conditions and covenants pertaining to Environmental Safeguards. â–ª Update in Implementation of Environmental aspects of the project. â–ª Oversee environmental monitoring of the ESMF and site specific ESMPs â–ª Provide technical support to works consultants in the development of site specific ESMPs â–ª Coordinate with implementing agencies and works contractors for onsite implementation of ESMPs. â–ª Organize and conduct the trainings on ESMF and ESMP compliances as proposed in mitigation plan. â–ª Prepare monthly, quarterly progress reports of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF). â–ª Prepare final progress report of the ESMF and submit to the World Bank. â–ª Ensure the HSE compliance onsite by the civil works consultants / contractor at project sites. â–ª Coordinate and conduct Environmental Field Monitoring visits of Project Areas. â–ª Review and revision of documents and ensuring timely delivery of outputs as agreed between The World Bank and PIU, PMD. â–ª As and when required contribute to the ongoing activities of the safeguard unit. â–ª Assist the Project Director in routine office matter when require. â–ª Work as the focal point for World Bank to provide necessary requirements of environmental compliances within the project. Academic Qualification: Post Graduate degree in Environmental Sciences with 5-8 years of relevant work experience in dealing with Environmental management and implementation in development projects. Salary and Benefits: PMD will decide as per their rules and regulations for the project Duration: Till project duration Sample Terms of Reference Page | 141 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Social Safeguards Specialist Social Safeguards Specialist will be based in Project Implementation Unit (PIU) PMD Islamabad. Tasks: Social Safeguards Specialist will be responsible for the following duties and responsibilities relevant to project social safeguards compliances and mitigation measures Objective: Provide expert support to executing agencies in the office and field, provide support to implement activities related to the project components for compliance to social safeguards and mitigation measures. Main responsibilities are: â–ª Deal with social aspects of the project and provide feedback to the Project Director on implementation of RPF, GRM and social safeguards under the activities of the project. â–ª Support in compliance of the conditions and covenants pertaining to Social Safeguards. â–ª Oversee social monitoring of ESMPs â–ª Provide technical support to works consultants in the development of site specific ESMPs â–ª Coordinate with implementing agencies and works contractors for onsite implementation of ESMPs. â–ª Organize and conduct the trainings on ESMF and ESMP compliances as proposed in mitigation plan. â–ª Prepare monthly, quarterly progress reports of ESMP â–ª Coordinate and conduct Social Field Monitoring visits of Project Areas. â–ª Review and revision of documents and ensuring timely delivery of outputs as agreed between The World Bank and PIU, PMD. â–ª As and when required contribute to the ongoing activities of the safeguard unit. â–ª To carry out the screening of the sub-projects with respect to the social aspects as defined in the ESMF; â–ª Monitor and check the proper implementation of all social mitigation measures as suggested in ESMP; â–ª Monitoring and evaluation of social related matters of the project and maintain a social complaint register to document social issues; â–ª Top supervise the Contractor’s activities and make sure that all the contractual obligations related to the social compliance are met; â–ª Review of periodic environmental and social reports being prepared by the investor/contractor â–ª Ensure inclusion of ESMMP guidelines in project designs. Academic Qualification: Sample Terms of Reference Page | 142 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Post Graduate degree in Social Sciences with 5-8 years of relevant work experience in dealing with Environmental management and implementation in development projects. Salary and Benefits: PMD will decide as per their rules and regulations for the project Duration: Till project duration. Sample Terms of Reference Page | 143 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure 14. ESMP Monitoring Checklist Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) Design Phase 1. Incorporate technical design measures to Construction At the time minimize unnecessary removal of trees designs of design and vegetative cover; preparation Tree count Biodiversity The project sites WSR and 2. Plan for compensatory planting of eight Compensatory At the time and Natural AWS may require tree trees against each fallen tree of similar floral function; Tree of design Resources cutting for site clearing. Plantation finalization 3. Disallow introduction of invasive/ exotic Plans species; and recommend native species for plantation. Tree Species 1. The building design will be earthquake resistant according to Building Codes of Pakistan with Seismic provision and international best practices to avoid Sub-project damage caused by earthquake; design maps 2. Variety of structural engineering with The Sub-project site is in measures or structural components like Zone 2- minor to moderate incorporation shear walls, braced frames, moment in case of earthquakes. of building At the time Natural resisting frames, and diaphragms, base There is also some codes for of design Disasters isolation, energy dissipating devices and seasonal flooding during bracing of non-structural components are Zone 2 Monsoor rains due to proposed. Simpler techniques include Construction blocked drains avoiding soft stories and bolting the sill contractor plate of houses to the foundation; ToRs 3. Primary focus of earthquake design is initial life safety and getting people out of the building safely, not necessarily the ability of a building to withstand the effects of an earthquake, or to ensure ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 144 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) occupancy or functionality following an event. Therefore building design will include emergency exits and alarm system. 4. Planning, designing and constructing the building to minimize any potential flood damages using guidelines of Annexure 10. Following are proposed: â–ª elevating as much of the building as possible above the design flood level, â–ª designing the building foundation and any portions subject to flooding to withstand design flood conditions and loads, â–ª using flood-damage-resistant materials for any portions of the building below the design flood level â–ª where flood proofing is permitted, employing appropriate methods and materials to either dry-flood proof or wet- flood proof those portions of the building below the design flood level Water 1. Prepare an Energy and Water Design Conservation Plan for construction provision for /Electricity/ There will be an increase 2. Design of buildings will include water, At the time Natural Gas/ in infrastructure utilities/ installation of Solar Panels; electricity, of design Fuel resource consumption due Consumption 3. Provision of Low Voltage electrical natural gas to construction work. appliances will be made in procurement and fuel procedures. conservation Project activities Preparation of 1. Air quality and noise level baselines will associated with Emissions be established to enable monitoring construction may increase during construction phase; Monitoring At the time Air Quality the ambient air quality and Plan, Traffic of design and Noise 2. Provision of compliance to NEQS of noise levels of the at the Management Levels vehicular emission will be made in the sub-project sites. The Plan and Site contract of construction contractor and impacts are likely to be Management SOP’s of PMD vehicles;; moderate. Plan ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 145 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) 3. Locations of Batching Plant, concrete Construction mixers and other noise generating contractor equipment will be identified away from ToRs residents; 4. Contractor shall prepare an Emissions Monitoring Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by construction machinery and vehicles with operations and maintenance plan for the same; 5. Traffic Management Plan for construction will be formulated during design phase that enable continuous traffic flow and avoid congestions which result in increased vehicle smoke density at a given area; 6. Plan to neutralize dust emissions from construction activity, such as regular watering of sub-project sites to settle dust; 7. Use of Hazardous material list will be strictly prohibited in construction and provision will be made part of the contract. 1. Prepare a detailed Solid Waste Solid Waste Management Plan for construction site Management Improper solid waste 146inimizing use of plastics and Plan disposal can result in encourage recycling Contractual increased air pollution 2. Identify current municipal systems of binding on Solid Waste through burning of waste, waste management or private waste prohibited use At award of vector borne diseases, disposal services; of Hazardous construction Management contamination of water 3. Placement of waste collection containers Material for Contract sources and ambient throughout the project area; construction aesthetics for surrounding 4. Disallow the burning of any of type of contractor communities. The impacts waste; (CC) are likely to be moderate. 5. Prepare plans for the safe handling, Construction storage and disposal of harmful materials contractor and hazardous waste ToRs ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 146 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) Use of heavy machinery and handling of chemicals Workers Worker At award of by workers can result in 1. Prepare a Worker Health and Safety Health and Health and Construction health impacts and Plan for the construction phase Safety Safety Plan Contract accidents. The impacts are likely to be moderate. Operations Phase 1. Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible; 2. Proper Safe drainage of run-off from construction activities will be ensured; 3. Removal of vegetation and trees will be avoided to the extent possible; Construction at sites is 4. Water will be sprinkled during likely to carry out site construction building of foundation to clearance, vehicular, avoid soil erosion and dust pollution; labour and machinery Visual 5. Construction materials will be stored in inspections movement causing soil proper stores on impervious sheets to erosion and compaction. and avoid any soil contamination; photographic There is also a potential 6. Machinery and vehicles will be operated Landscape/Soi for contamination of soil record of site at designated routes to avoid erosion and clearing and Daily l via runoff from compaction of un-impacted soils; construction activities oil spills. 7. Visual Inspection will be carried out for including oil spills, land contamination and dust emissions; Water construction material, sprinkling dredged / spoil materials 8. The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills will be removed and will and construction waste. be handed over to waste contractor for Impact on soil quality is treatment at nearest incineration facility or high in case of the spill. waste disposal and treatment at Mehmood Boti; 9. Major spills may require specialized treatment such as incineration, bioremediation and biodegradation. The biological agents will be introduced to the spill to hasten biodegradation. Most of the ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 147 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) components of oil will be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms into harmless substances such as fatty acids and carbon dioxide. To stimulate the growth of the microorganisms, fertilizing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous will be placed near the oil tanks.. 1. Contractor shall provide an Emissions Monitoring Plan to ensure constant checking of emissions by construction machinery and vehicles; Contractor should provide an operations and maintenance plan for the same; 2. Water will be sprinkled twice a day to avoid fugitive dust emissions; 3. Construction machinery and vehicles will The construction activities be kept in good conditions to avoid at sub-project sites will vehicular emissions. Vehicular and cause impact on air generator exhaust emissions will be monitored to ensure compliance; Ambient Air quality, cement mixers Quality (Batch Plant), movement 4. Unnecessary movement of vehicles will Ambient Air be avoided at the construction location; monitoring for of the machinery, Quality and SOx, NOx and Monthly generators soil excavation, 5. Open burning of solid waste from the Climate Particulate construction vehicles, is Contractor’s camps should be strictly Matter likely to generate dust and banned; 
 PM2.5/10 exhaust emissions. Impact 6. Wind breaks /barriers (either natural or on local air quality is constructed) will be deployed to reduce moderate the possibility of suspended particles in air; 7. Raw materials such as cement, gravels and sand will be kept under sheet covers to prevent air flow; 8. In order to further reduce the environmental impact Cement Works (Concrete Batching Plant), the concrete batching plant will incorporate the following design and practices: ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 148 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) â–ª Cement will be transferred directly from barges to the plant. â–ª All mixing will be in the enclosed electric motor driven plant mixer, NOT in trucks. â–ª Truck loaded with concrete will be in wet form. â–ª All washing water used by the batch plant and storm water will be collected and stored and recycled for re-use. â–ª No water will be discharged outside the plant boundary. â–ª Concrete recycling machine be used to recycle waste material to slurry water and aggregates for reuse. Drainage channel in close 1. Contractor shall execute the Emissions vicinity of project site is a Monitoring Plan to ensure constant Shadman nullah leading checking of emissions by construction to River Ravi. machinery and vehicles with operations Construction activities and maintenance plan for the same; may encourage soil 2. Water will be sprinkled twice a day to erosion and waste may avoid fugitive dust emissions; increase the sediment loads into the city 3. Contractor shall execute the Traffic Surface/Grou drainage, while accidental Management Plan to enable continuous Surface Water Monthly nd Water leaks/spills of oil/fuel traffic flow and avoid congestions Quality Quarterly Resources from storage tanks or which result in increased vehicle smoke maintenance vehicles can density; also pollute surface 4. Construction machinery and vehicles waters. The impact is will be kept in good conditions to avoid likely to be low as the vehicular emissions. Vehicular and construction site is 1km generator exhaust emissions will be meters away from the monitored to ensure compliance; drainage channel. 5. Unnecessary movement of vehicles will be avoided at the construction location; ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 149 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) 6. Open burning of solid waste from the Contractor’s camps work areas should be strictly banned; 
 7. Wind breaks /barriers (either natural or constructed) will be deployed to reduce the possibility of suspended particles in air; 8. Raw materials such as cement, gravels and sand will be kept under sheet covers to prevent air flow; 9. In order to further reduce the environmental impact of Cement Works (Concrete Batching Plant), the concrete batching plant will incorporate the following design and practices: 10. Cement will be transferred directly from barges to the plant 11. All mixing will be in the enclosed electric motor driven plant mixer, NOT in trucks. 12. Truck loaded with concrete will be in wet form. 13. All washing water used by the batch plant and storm water will be collected and stored and recycled for re-use. 14. No water will be discharged outside the construction boundary. 15. Concrete recycling machine be used to recycle waste material to slurry water and aggregates for reuse. Construction activities 1. Contractor will execute the Energy and Water Conservation Plan Water, Water require a large amount of Electricity and Monthly/ /Electricity/ water that may reduce the 2. Water meters will be installed at sub- Natural Gas Quarterly Natural Gas availability of water in project site to monitor water Consumption residing area. It will add consumption; ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 150 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) and Fuel load to the electricity, 3. Construction staff will be trained on Energy Consumption natural gas fuel water conservation practices to avoid Conservation consumption increasing excessive loss; Plan GHG emissions. The 4. Water required for construction should impact is likely to be high. be obtained in a way so that water availability and supply to residing area remains unaffected; 5. Approval will be attained from local authorities prior to construction work.. 1. Solid Waste Management Plan will be executed by Construction Contractor. In case of the occurrence of toxic/hazardous chemical materials, it will be handled according to hazardous waste management best international practices. The plan will be prepared with following Solid Waste During construction provisions: phase, solid waste can be Management 2. Solid waste collection, segregation, Plan generated from discarded storage and disposal will be carried out equipment parts, scrap for waste generated. For at source Amount and metals, equipment boxes, segregation separate waste bins will be type of solid Solid Waste wood parts, empty bags, placed at sub-project sites. Recyclable waste Generation and leftover construction material will be segregated whereas non- generated Monthly debris. The construction hazardous waste will be disposed-off at from sub- material and waste may approved disposal site; project sites; include toxic/hazardous 3. Private contractors will be hired for List of chemical materials. If not responsible disposal of construction waste hazardous contained the impact of chemical used 4. Labeling of containers will be carried out solid waste is likely to be including the identification and quantity for high. of the contents, hazard information; construction 5. Marking of Hazardous/toxic waste ‘if generated’ separately and disposal using international best practices through registered contractor; 6. Used oil will be collected in separate containers stored on impervious platform ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 151 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) with restricted access and must be sold to licensed contractor; 7. Burning of solid and waste oil should be strictly prohibited 8. Training of workers will be carried out in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soil contamination; 9. Emergency Response Plan will be prepared to address the accidental spillage of fuels and hazardous/toxic material, fire, vandalism and natural hazards; 10. On completion of the construction phase of the project, the contractor will be required to rehabilitate the site. Rehabilitation will include removal of all construction materials and wastes, and the grading and landscaping of all exposed sites that may be prone to erosion. Where natural erosion protection measures may not be possible or practical, suitable physical erosion protection methods will be used. The purposes of site rehabilitation will be to minimize the potential for soil erosion, enhance the aesthetic appearance of the site and restore safe public access to the surrounding area. The construction activities 1. The location for stationary noise are likely to generate high sources like asphalt plant, grinding, noise levels. The sources Noise drilling and welding machinery will be Monitoring of noise in construction selected at a reasonable distance from Noise Levels include Asphalt Plant Residing residing population. The cement tankers Areas and Monthly excavation work, heavy will be working inside enclosure with earth moving equipment/ cladding to reduce noise;; Construction machinery, pilling work, Site 2. The construction material loaders will welding, cuttings, drilling, only operate during night time as per grinding and material ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 152 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) loading/offloading rules of traffic police in Islamabad. vehicles. Impact is likely Working hours will be allocated for the to be high. use of batching plant, equipment and other machinery; 3. School time and late night construction activities will be avoided; 4. Use of noise barriers in locations next to schools; 5. Blowing of horn will be strictly prohibited; 6. Noise monitoring will be carried out at various locations using noise meters. Site labour working in high noise areas including asphalt plant, grinding and welding machinery, where noise level exceeds 85 dB (A), will wear earplugs and ear muffs; 7. Measures will be taken to maintain noise level of 55 dB at day and 45 dB at night time will be maintained. The impacts on ecology Tree count Biodiversity 1. Eight trees will be planted for every tree and ecological are negligible entirely Tree cut during construction; resources build up and there are very Plantation in Prior /Start/ (Flora and few trees. However, if the 2. Invasive or exotic species will not be designated Post construction requires introduced through plantation. area and count construction Fauna) cutting of trees and eight for one clearing of vegetation. cut Traffic Construction activities and 1. Use signage to inform general public of construction area and its limits; Management Public Health movement of heavy Plan and Safety vehicles may impact 2. Train drivers operating heavy vehicles Monthly public safety. Similarly in road and pedestrian safety; Public Safety emissions and noise from 3. Set appropriate speed limits to avoid Plan the site may impact the accidents; Complaint/ ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 153 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) health of residing 4. Use of heavy vehicles on public roads Accident communities will be avoided during hours when Register students are coming to school or leaving school; 5. Placement of construction and diversion signage, particularly at urban areas and at sensitive/accident-prone spots, in accordance to a Public Safety Plan; 6. Provision of alternate routes for use by the public will be planned In accordance to the Solid Waste Management and Workers Health and Safety Plan, ensure: 1. The workers have full access to health facilities and emergency response centers (fire, earthquake and floods) and police station. In case of emergency, the injured will be taken to the nearest medical facility. Use of heavy machinery 2. Provision of clean drinking water will Workers and handling of hazardous be ensured for the construction crew; Health and Workers waste and chemicals may 3. Hygiene inspections will be carried out Safety Plan Health and result in health impacts for to avoid disease epidemic; and trainings Monthly Safety workers on the 4. In case of unlikely incidents (fire, Medical construction site. vandalism) the workers will be record of evacuated and emergency response and workers law enforcement agencies will be engaged; 5. Fire safety alarms will be installed at various locations; 6. Fire extinguishers will be placed at various locations including a water hose installation at ground level; 7. Fire safety and emergency response trainings will be conducted; ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 154 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) 8. Hazards indicator signs and firefighting equipment will be installed; 9. The construction crew will be trained on important aspects of workplace safety; 10. Construction machinery operators and drivers will be trained to avoid associated accidents using machines and vehicles; 11. Flammables and other toxic materials will be marked and stored at secured sites; 12. Onsite first aid kits will be kept at construction sites and randomly moving vehicles\machinery. 13. Do not allow workers with inadequate training to operate heavy machinery; 14. Provision of appropriate and high quality Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to workers such as gloves, vests, hard-hats, masks etc.; 
 15. Train workers in the use of PPE and safety measures while using heavy machinery and handling chemicals. 16. Follow guidelines for Asbestos and Asbestos based product use in construction (Annexure 11) The sub-project area has Construction staff will be trained and Consultation Physical religiously and culturally informed on identifying the evidence of with the At the start /Cultural/ important sites at a archaeological/historic remains. In relevant of Archeological reasonable distance. case evidence of archaeological remains departments construction Resources Excavation work during is found during construction activities, Preparation of construction may result in the actions listed below will be PCR Plan, if the uncovering of ancient undertaken. needed. ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 155 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) sites or artifacts. Impact is 1. Excavation work in the vicinity of the likely to be low. find will be stopped; 2. Assistance will be sought from the nearest office of the Department of Archaeology and Museums to identify the remains; 3. If the department decides to salvage the find, PMD will provide assistance. 4. Detailed procedure for Archaeological Chance Finds included in Annexure 12. 1. Contractor will execute the Traffic Management Plan. 2. Vehicles will be inspected prior to start of construction work. 3. Alternate routes will be created to avoid disturbance to schools and hospital; The sub-project site is in 4. Movement of construction equipment Traffic an urban area close to will be limited to specific duration Management social sensitive receptors when there is least disturbance to the PLan Traffic Management like houses, schools, residing offices and nearby schools; Construction Continuous colleges and offices. The 5. Adequate road signs will be erected to vehicles construction work may warn general public; trimmings highly impact the traffic 6. The contractor will be advised to follow Accident flow. vehicular maintenance to reduce engine register noise; 7. Drivers will be trained to follow the designated routes and avoid honking; 8. The construction trucks will be adequately covered with tarpaulin covers to avoid flow into air. Operations Phase ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 156 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) 1. Engineering controls for EMF include interlocks, electronic means to exclude the radar pointing within office complex in the tower building, and shielding; 2. Administrative controls include audible and visible alarms, warning signs, and restriction of access through barriers, locked doors, or limiting access time to radar; 3. Workers will use personal protective equipment to ensure compliance with exposure standards. Conductive suits, The danger Testing of of electromagnetic field gloves, safety shoes and other types of EMF occurs because the body personal protective equipment for RF EMF Use of Continuous absorbs radiation which fields are now commercially available. has high impact on body protective PPEs should be used with great care, tissues and cell. gear since the attenuation properties of the material used to make this protective equipment can vary dramatically with frequency; 4. RF safety glasses will be used near the radar operating area. Special care will be taken in buying the glasses since any metal may enhance local fields by acting as a receiving antenna; 5. There are no exposure situations where members of the general public need to use protective equipment for RF fields from weather radars; ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 157 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Environmental and Monitoring Aspects Proposed Mitigation Measures Frequency Yes No Comments Social Impacts Parameter(s) 6. Radar will be installed at a specified height. 1. The project staff will be advised to car pool and use and local transport; An increase in number of vehicles entering the 2. Provision of pick and drop for staff to Air Quality avoid additional load on air quality; Vehicular offices may pose moderate Quarterly and Climate Emissions negative impacts on the air 3. Vehicles with excessive smoke quality of the area. emissions should not be allowed to enter the sub-project locations. There will be an increase in 1. Decrease solid waste going to landfills solid waste generation due by segregating at source with labeled to additional staff and dust bins for biodegradable, non- building maintenance. In biodegradable and recyclable products; the presence of waste Weight of Solid Waste disposal system in the area 2. Disposal of biodegradable to the waste Monthly Generation impact is Moderate municipality for treatment; generated and 3. Clearance of reusable and recyclable disposal Hazardous waste will waste to certified recycling companies; include rechargeable batteries from the AWS 4. Recycle rechargeable batteries through and solar panels. certified companies ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 158 ESMP-Lahore Weather Surveillance Radar Pakistan Hydro-Meteorological and DRM Services Annexure-14: Quarterly Progress Report 1. Project Description 2. Internal Monitoring 1. ESSMP Monitoring Checklist 2. Monitoring Reports 3. ESMMP Reporting 1. Construction site monitoring report 2. Traffic management monitoring report 3. Time table of works 4. Construction waste monitoring report 5. Noise, air and vehicular emission monitoring report 6. Water quality monitoring report 7. Labour health and safety monitoring report 8. Labour training Monitoring report 9. Hazardous waste handling Monitoring report 10. Energy and water conservation Monitoring report 11. Site restoration monitoring report 12. Sampling, testing and monitoring Report 4. External Monitoring/Third Party Validation Third Party Evaluation Report 5. Corrective Action Plan 6. Photographic Evidence ESMP Monitoring Checklist Page | 159